90 HISTORtY OF ALLEGHENY COUJNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. is ktiowii as the Peter's Creek Church atid is located at Library. Ai-mong, the iministers of this cliurcli we find the naines of some wblo weire ideAntified for years witli the interests of the Baptist denomination irn tllis locality, viz.: David Phillps William Shadrach, D.D., and Dr. James Estep, who closed bis long and erainently usefuLl life as pastor of this people.-- The First Church, Pittsburgh (now, through t-he consolidation of the-First ancl Union Churches, lnown as the Fourth Avenue Church),'was orffanized in 1812; the Second or Welsh Church in 1827; and the Sandusky Street Church, Allegheny City, in 1835. Rev. Samuel Williams was pastor of the First Church d-urin- a period of twentyfive years. Among, those who bave labored in connection with these churches we findic tle naiues of Drs. John Winter, E. W. Dickinson, D. J. Yerkes, A. K. Bell, J. S. Dickerson, and William M. Young, and Reverends William Owens, H. F. Downer, T. R. Taylor, Isaac Sawyer, S. Washington, A. J. Rowland, and J. D. Herr. Various cirtcumstanlces havre combined to retard the growthl of thle denomninatioi in' tllis Coulty in comparison with other loca-lities. The followinr, are the names of the churches and pastors in the County, with the present mermbersbip. IlemberNamnes of Churches. Pastors. shiip. Banksville.................................. Isaac Banks........................................ 31~ Coultersville.............,, oe ilr.............................Robert Miller............ 41 Ebenezer..... H. Marshall..............., 33 Elizabeth.............,............, J. K. Cramer...................... 191 First German.............................,,, William Paul.,,,,,,....................,.............. 14fi Fourth Avenue.................... I..........,.,R. W. Pearson, D,D.................. I......... 645 Franklin.......,,,.,,,,,,,.............,............................. 53 Green Street....... G. W. Jackson...................................... 1l53 McKeesport...............................William Codville,,,.................................. 166 Mansfield............ J. A. Simpson.................... 35 Mount Hope...................................................................... 69 Mount Washington,.,......................... W. H. McKinney...........................,..,. 51 Nixon Street,..................,...............,... J. S. Hutson......................... 304 Penn Avenue.........,..................... J. S. Wrightnour,.............,,............. 141 Peter's Creek.....,,,..,,,,,......... 216 Sandusky Street...................,.,.,,,,,,..., B. F. Woodburn..............,,...... 405 Sewickley................................,,,, J. B. Mulford..................... 47 Sharpsburg............................. J. T. Lewis....................................... 105 Thirty-seventh...........,.,,..,...,,,,.,...,,,,,,,.............................,............................. 170 Union South Side..,,,.........................,,D. L. Phillips 16lis,,,,,,,,,.,.,,,,,,,, f8 Verona...........,,..........,,.................,..,,,,,,,......................................... 43 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH. This body of Christians clerives its name aild the distinctive features of its creed from Martin Luther, the nlost celebrated church reformer of modern times. He was born at Eisleben, Germany in 1483. After stildyin- at the University of Erfurt he becam e a monk of the Augustine order. In 1512 he began openly to doclare his hetel-odox views, which were embraced by many princes and proimitlient muen of Central Europe, and in time his followers became iiumerous aild powerfull. His doctrines, wbich constitute the creed of nearly all the Protestants of Germany, were, Consubstantiation, thle use of wafers in the administraltion of the Lord's Supper, allowing im'ates in the churches, priv ate confession of sins, julstification by faith alone, aild predestinlation. The Lutherans of tlle present day, howevTer, coiisider themselves at liberty to dissenltfrom these tenets, as they hold that they are'answerable to God, alone. The en-tire streng,th of the Lutheran Churehes in the United States is about one thou-ai-id six- lundred and. fifty tniinisters and tlhree liuiidred and fifty thousand communicaltgs.'By the census of 1870 there were sixteeln Lutheran Churches in Allegheny County,- with nine thousand four hundred sittinu,s. There are in the two cities of Pittsburgh aind Allegheny eleven or twelve org,anizatiolns six German and aboLit as many English. The First German Lutheran Church, located at the corner of Grant Street and Sixth Avenue, was or gnlized about' 1831 or 1832. Rev. Father Heier was the first pastor. Ill 1851 the society divided and for'med two coorlOe-,ations: the first built the fi n e c huLlrli on the corner of Ross and, High Streets, at a cost of one hundred thousand dollars; the second located oii Pride Street, where they erected a house of worship at an expense of forty tliousand dollars; the third chulrch is located at Lawrenceville, wliere the ssociety have erectecl a fine edifice; the fourth society is in East Libertv, and has also a veiy fine building. One cong,regation has been gathered in Birmingham. The church buildings is situated on Eighteenth Street, below Carson. The First English Church is located on Seventh Avenue, between Smithfield and Grant Streets. There is also an English church in Birmingham. at the cornier of Carson and Gregg, Streets, one located corner of Stockton Avenue and Arch Street, in Allegheny, one on Ninth Street, Pittsburgh, and one at McKee's Rocks. The First English Lutheran Society is wealthy, and owns a very costly church building. All the congregations have comfortable, and many of them costly and elegant, churches. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH. The first congregation of this denomination was organized as eaily as 1782, and is claimed to be the oldest Protestant organization in the city. This society is one of the three to whom John Penn, Jr., and John Penn donated lots in September, 17S7, for churches and burial purposes. It owns at present one-four-th of the square bound by Sixth and Seventh Avenues and Smithfield and Grant Streets. The church occupies the northwest corner of the block, and the remainder is built up and ocecupied for business purposes, and brings the society a bandsome rental annually. The total value of the property is fully two hundred and fifty thousand dollars..: The first meetin-,s of the G on-re(rations vvere held in a room on Diamond Street. Their first church, on the lot where they now worship, was built of logs; a second one, of br-ick, was. torn down, aind a third, also of brick, was erected in 1833. This has been demolished, and (l new and beautiful.structure of cut-stone, in the pointed Gothic style of archlitecture, is being erected at a total. cost of one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. A fine oirgan is being, constructed for the society in Philadelphia, at a cost of six thousand dollars. The first pastor of this society was the Rev. Mr. Weaver, who came from Greensburg, the county seat of Westmoreland County, on lioirsebacek, and preacbed a portion of the time. Westmoreland then included nearly all of what is now Allegheny County. Alto-ether there are five churches of this denomination in Allegheny County: one in Pittsburgh, two in Allegheny, one in Birmingham, and one at Mount Washington. All the four additional churebes were the outg,rowth of the mother church in Pittsburgh. The church buildings are all substantial, and some of them costly and elegant, edifices.'The membership embraces many of the best of our German citizens. THE MORAVIAN CHURCH. The Moravians began their missionary labors about 1758, when Christian Frederick Post visited the Ohio Indians in the interests of peace in advance of Forbes's army. In 1761, Post visited'the Indians on the Muskingum, and built a bouse, the first ever e'rected in the State of Ohio by white men, except trading houses. In 1762, in company with Heckewelder, the- histoirian, then a youthl of nineteen years, he again visited the Indian country, and began miissionary laboirs oin the Upper Muskingum. DuLringr Pontiac's war, in 1763, the miission wasl broken up, and Heckewelder returned to Fort Pitt, aind subsequently to Bethlehem. Post subsequently established a mission among the Mosquito Indians in Central America. PENNSYLVA NIA FEMALE COLLEGE. The first movements for the establislhment of this iiistitution origilnated with the m-enmbers of the Shady Side Presbyterian Church, at a Ineetill- held at the dwelling of David Aiken, Esq., February 23, 1869. There were present at this meetin, Thomas Aiken, James Dilworth, Jno. A. Renshaw, A. Harrison, Alexander Chambers, David Aiken, Jr.; W. B. Negley, W. O'H. Scully, and Rev. W. T. Beatty, pastor of the church. Joseph Aiken wais chosen Cliair-man. A comrnittee, consistiing of the Rev. W. T. Beatty and John A. Renshaw, was chosen to prepare a prospectus, or plan of organization, and also to solicit piroposals for a site. It was proposed to purebase Dot less tllan four acres in sonic coDnvenient location contigiious to the city. The original plan contemlplated a first-class colle,e, equal in all respects to those for the education of gentlemen. Tlhe President and, a majority of the Board of Managers are required to be memlbers in good stalndin-, of some brancl-i of the Presbyterian Church. A committee was appointed to solicit subscriptions from Shady Side Church, which responded with such alacrity and generosity that tnirty thousand dollars were raised in a sllol't time. At the June meeting of' the Presbyteries of Ohio, Allegheny City, and Monongahela, a resolution was passed approvingf the movenment, aiid appointiri- a committee to act conjointly with the Board of Managers. A meeting wa,s lield at the lecture-room of the Second Presbyterian Church, in Pittsburgh, July 13, 1869. Geo. A. Berry was echosen Chairman. A"commiittee was appoiyited to fix upon a proper location..Revs. S. F. Scovel, F. A. Noble, W. J. Reid, E. E. Swift, John Gillespie, and W. T. Beatty were appointed suc;h comniittee. Messrs. Shriver and Beatty were appointed a sub-comnmittee to di-aft acharter and su-gest namnes of corpoi-ators. The intention was to expend about one hiundred thousand dollars. Such was the success of the committee upon subscriptions that witliin twenty days seventy-five tbousand dollars were pled-ed. Of tllis sum Mr. James Laughlin subscribed twenty-five thousand dollars. The Iinstitution w'as incoi-porated by order of Court of Common Pleas -December 11, 1869. The tract of land nlow occupied by the College was final]y pui-cbaEci (between ten and eleven acres), and school opened in the farm buildings tempoI'ENNSYLVANIA'EMALE COLLEGE. rarily September 28, 1870, and continued for one year, when the new edifice was Vocal Music and Italian; Miss Agnes E. Way, Instructor in Drawing and ready for occupancy. The original cost of grounds and buildings was eighty: Painting. thousand dollars. The new extension was completed in the fall of 1871, at a cost of forty thousand dollars, and the furniture anid equipment cost about twenty WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF ALLEGHENY, thousand dollars, making a total expenditure of one hulndred and forty thousand PENNSYLVANIA. dollars. The Rev. James Black, at the time President of the Iowa State Uni- The following historical sketch of this institution is taken from a paper read versity, was elected first President. The location of the institution is exceedingly before the Alumni by Rev. Janies I. Brownson, D.D., April 17, 1872: beautiful and convenient. Upon high and commanding ground, overlooking " The decisive advance in our church, from ministerial training, under pastors, Fifth Avenue and some of the finest suburbs of Pittsburgh, within a few steps of to the higher system of the Theological Seminary, combining the advantages of a street railway and the Pennsylvania Railroad, in the midst of healthful and distinguished professors, large libraries, and the association of students, was made magnificent surroundings, it cannot fail of becoming a popular resort, and, eventu- when the General Assembly, after deliberation and appeal to the Presbyteries, ally, one of the leading educational institutions of the land. It has an extensive projected in 1810, and located in 1812, the seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. laboratory attached, and also contains a well-stocked library. Water is supplied Even then there was a diversity of judgment upon the question of one seminary from the city hydrants. for the whole church, or two for its chief sections; or as many as the Synods should see proper to establish and control. The first of these plans was adopted, Board of Trustees.-Hon. J. P. Sterrett, Rev. W. T. Beatty, Joseph Dil- but there was left a large sentiment opposed to centralization, and looking to the worth, Rev. S. F. Scovel, Rev. W. D. Howard, D.D., James Laughlin, Thomas future need of the country, especially in'the great valley of the Mississippi.' Weightman, James King, M.D., Major Winm. Frew, Geo. A. Berry, W. G. Johns- "This founld decisive expression in a resolution of the Assembly of 1825: that ton, John A. Renshaw, Rev. J. Gillespie, Rev. W. J. Reid, D.D., Rev. S. J. it was'expedient, forthwith, to establish a Theological Seminary in the West,' Wilson, D.D.,' J. Theo. Wood, Wm. Bakewell, Esq., Rev. J. G. Brown, D.D., to be styled'The Western Theological Seminary of tlle Presbyterian Church in Henry Lloyd, Rev. E. E. Swift, Rev. M. W. Jacobus, D.D., Hon. Robert the United States.' A board of directors, consisting of twenty-one ministers and McKnight, Charles J. Clarke, Hon. J. K. Moorhead, Springer Harbaugh, Oliver nine ruling elders, was selected by ballot, to report the following year a suitable McClintock, John Moorhead, Hon. J. K. Ewing, Rev. Wm. J. Holland, Rev. location, and such'alterations' of the plan of the Princeton Seminary as, in their Wm. H. Hornblower, D.D. ) judgment, might be'necessary to accommodate it to the local situation of the'Western Seminary.' OFFICERS OF TvE BoARI). "Five commissioners were also chosen at the same time to examine proposed sites, and, in view of their comparative healthfulness, offers of money and propPresdentt.-James Laughlin. B Secretar y.-Rev. W. T. Beatty. erty, and other considerations, to report their opinion on the subject of location to the directors. These commissioners were: General Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee; the Hoin. Benjamnin Mills, of Kentucky; the Hon. John Thompson, of Ohio; and the Rev. Messrs. Obadiah Jennings and Andrew Wylie, of Pefinsylvania. FACULTY FOR 1875-76. " By appointment of the Assembly, the directors and commissioners met simulPresident, Thomas C. Strong, D.D., Professor of Moral and Mental Philoso- taneously at Chillicothe, Ohio, on the 15th day of July, 1825. Some of the phy and History; Rev. W. T. Beatty, A.M., Acting Professor of Biblical His- commissioners were not present, and no record of the proceedings of that body tory and Evidences of Christianity; Rev. S. M. Henderson, A. M., Acting Pro- was kept, except the fact that nothing was done besides receiving proposals, and fessor of Latin and Greek; James King, M.D., Lecturer on Physiology and adjourning to meet in Washington, Pennsylvanlia, on the 20th of November enHygiene; Miss Helen E. Pelletreau, Preceptress and Instructor in the Englishi suing. The Board of Directors was organized, and the following officers were Department; Miss Margaretta S. Purviance, Instructor in Mathematics; Miss A. chosen, viz.: James Blythe, D.D., President; Francis Herron, D.D., First ViceE. Wadleigh, Instructor in the Natural Sciences; Fritulein Mathilde Greb, M.D., President; Rev. John Thompson, Second Vice-President; and Rev. Elisha P. Instructor in French and German, and Health Officer; Professor E. J. Butler, Swift, Secretary. Pianist and Principal Musical Department; Madame Marie Bishop, Instructor in "A circular, reported by Messrs. Thoinpson and Swift, was adopted, invitingI I 11 1 I I i i 1 I i I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. -92 furth-er proposals for the site, and pled-ges of endowinent fi-oil communDities disposed to compete for the location. They tben adjourned to meet in Wheeling, Virginia, on the third Thursday of April following. " At the meetin-, in Wheeling, the commissioners reported offers from various places, but declined to malke any recommendation, as oiily tbree of their nuLmber, out of five, bad been present at their meeting. Ten of these offers came from Ohio, as follows: West Union, Chillicothe, Springfield, New Richmond, Ripley, and Georgetown, Lebanon, Decatur, Cincinnati, and Walnut Hills. Pennsylvania was represented by Meadville and Allegheny,'and there was one offer fi-om Charlestown, Clark County, Indiana. Only four places offeied more than five thousand dollars, whiile most of the otbers fell much below that sum; aiid evren then, portions of the suLbscriptions were to be I paid in trade.' Cincinnati offered a lot of ground valued at seventeen thousand dollars, encumbered, bowever, with a debt of three thousaind dollars. Charlestown tendered a guaranty of eighteen acres of -round, valued at one hundred dollars per acre, and ten tlhousand dollars in cash'Ito put the Seminary in operation.' Walnut Hills offered tlhirty acres in three parcels, estirnated at six thousand dollars. "IDn bebalf of the locatioin wbich ultimately carried the day, the proposal was cl donation of tweiit -onie tlhousand dollars, in instalments, to-,eth-er with the release of ei-,bteen acreKs of I coiiimorli for use, worth, in fee siiiiple, about twenty thousand dollars. But Allegrheny wvas not theii tthe city of to-day, with a, pOpUlation of sixty thousand, palatial residences, fine churches, beautifLil parks, street cars, charitable institutions, and complete municipal appointments, buit a villag,e, containin- seven bundired people, nestlin, on the river side, wlaiill, to be identified with these very transactions, bad to be described as' Allegheny Town, opposite Pittsburgh.' It was not even a borough then, but a part of Ross Township, and only rose to the. dignity of a city in 1840, with a populatioii of ten thousand. "Even ber older'smoky' sister, wbich fuirnislhed, doubtless, the most of this pecuniary offer, bas increased at least twelve-fold in size, andl a(lvanced to the froiit rank amon,r the cities of the Union, in the averat,e wealth of her citizens. " The Board finally decided upon Allegheny, by a vote of eighllt to five, (IS the proper loeatioii. The minority recorded a I'solemn di.ssent' fi-om the action teaken, and the matter was transferred to the General Assemly for settlement.. "The final struggle tookz place in the Assembly of 1827, when, Charlestown h-avin- been withdrawn, the roll was called, and Allegheny received a majorityT of two votes over Walnut Hills. This result was not a little duei to the earnest advocacy of the vener-able Dr. Ashbel Green. who was ever a warm friend of t}liS Seminary, though President of the Princeton Board, and the writer of its orig,inal'plan.' I"The strife for location was now ended. The Board of Directors appointed by the Assembly of 1827 consisted of Francis Herron, D.D., Ashbel Green, D.D., Samuel Ralston, D.D., Matthew Brown, D.D., Andrew Wylie, Obadiah Jennings, Elisha P. Swift, William Speer, Elisha McCurdy, Francis McFarland, Thomas E. Hughes, Thomas Barr, Joseph Treat, Thomas D. Baird, James Graham, Robert Johnston, William Jeffrey, and Charles C. Beatty, Ministers; Matthew B. Lowrie, John Hannan, J. M. Snowden, Benjamin Williams, Aaron Kerr, Thomas Henry, Samuel Thompson, and Reddick McKee, Ruling Elders. At the first meeting, followint, their appointment, Dr. Herron was elected President, an office he hold by annual re-election urntil his deatlh, December 6, 1860; Mr. Speer was made First Vice-President; Dr. Ralston, Second Vice-President; Dr. E. P. Swift, Secretary; and Michael Allen, Esq. (not a member of theo Board). Treasurer. "l At a subsequent meeting, in October following,, modifications of the plan of Princeton Seminary, subject to the Assembly's approval, welec ag,reed upon. Onie change was made, less in substance than in words, to -give -reater distinctiness aiid emphasis to the conviction, which was to be thle watcl-lworld in this wbole enterprise, viz.: I That leariiin, without ireligion, in illinisters of the Gospel, will prove injurious to the Church jand religion without letirnin, will leave the miinister exposed to the impositions of designin3 nien, and insuffilcient in a hi,,,h degree for the great purposes of the G ospel ministry."' GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. One of the first movements of the Board was to appoint a Building Committee, and to instruct them " to erect, as soon as possible, an edifice not exceeding the dimensions of the Seminary at Princeton, tbree stol-ies bi,h;" and the subscriptions from Pittsburgh and Allegheny were, with the consent of the donors, to be set apart for this purpose. Instructions w0ei-e fuirther given to erect the edifice "1 on the centire of tlhe bill, providecl tlle cost, inceludin-, excavaltio-n. and leveling, would not be lnore than one tbousand dollai-s abovre what it would be on the eastern sectioni. In tlhe end, this e:xcess is said to blave been at least six times the sum named! The foundations were bec,un in the spring of 1829. Delays of various kinds were experienced, and not the least were those, occasioned by difficulties about the title. One party bro ight suit to ovTerturn the transaction on the ground of rights in thze commzon not given up, and a minor's interest was compromzised at a cost ofg fifteen hundred dollars. These enibarrassments were so annoyinog that the matter of erectinu a temporary structure on another part of the -round was seriously discussed by the XBoard; but a few hacl faith, and Joseph Patterson, Esq., being appointed superintendent,. the work was cariried forward to completioD, and the buildliDg made ready for use lin the spring of 1831. iIt was constructed of brick and stone, and was sixty by fifty feet in size, and four stoiries in beifht, with a Corinthian portico on each fi-oDt. It had also two wings of three stories eacb, fift-y feet by twenty-five. lIt contai'ned a chapel and library-roomn, with suites of rooms for professors, roomis for the steward, and about eighty dormitories for students. The cost was little short of twenty-five thousand dollars. This structure fuLlfilled its pur.poses until January 23, 1854, wh-en it was destroved by fire. iMost of the students were at supper, and lost a large pairt of their clothing and books. The library wvas badly damaged, but the Halsey Library, beiDr on thefirst floor, was rescued. The First Church of Allegheny generously teiidered its t aacious lecture and Sabbath-sch-ool rooms for- the recitations of the classes. A like generous invitaltion was,fiven by the. Second Church of Pittsburgh. HospiItalities were freely tenidered to the students, and a liberal subscription was made Iin their beballf. -Previous to this event neuotiations bad been going on between the Seminary and the city lookiD(:, to a ebange of location, and a deed bad been executed August 27, 1850, by which all the land granted by the State in 1827, except about one acre, was passed over to the city, unider the obligations of a perpetual lease, with the ri,dit reseirved, however, to use the old building for thr-ee years with free access to it, and then to ren-iove its material. IThe city becamne bound to the Seminary fol- th-irty-five thousand dollars, in the form of a perpetual loanl, with an annual interest of two thousand one hundred dollars, to be paid oii the firast days of January and July, from and after July 1, 1850, without any deduction or abatemzent whatever, on account of taxes, charges, or assessments on Ol' for the reserved lot and the buildiDg which might be erected thereon. As a CUl'iOUS instance of remarlkable foresight, the trustees stipulated in the bond tllat the intereVst should forever be paid in " I.lawfid silv;er mon2ey Of the United States, each diolltar weigqhing seventeen penniyweights and S'lX grains at leasst." Thc old materials were gone, but there was an insurance of five thousand dollars, which became the nucleus of a construction fund, the remaincler of whiich was promptly supplied by subscriptioiis, and the new edifice was in due time completed, at a cost of a little over twsenty-two tbousand dollars, and all paid for. It is beautifully situated in the centre of the reserved site, with the additioll of a lot purchased from Rev. d McGill. The -rloundls front on Ridge anld Marshall Streets two hundred and sixteen feet, by two hundred on Irwin Avenue, aiid wTere valued at sixteen tbo.usand dollars. The new building was partially usecl in the fall of 1855, but its folrmal dedication took place January 10, 1856. The, Seminary, in its new location, was f urnislhed with a fine bell, presented by the Second Street Presbyterian Church of Troy, New York, and a regulator clock, presented by Seymour Hoyt, Esq., of New York. In 1854, after much vexatious delay on accounlt of the open title, two commodious professors' houses were completed oin the western end of the reserved site, aind about two years later two additional buildings, for similar purposes, were erected on the east end. Th-eir cost was about five tbousand dollars each. In 1859, tlirough the mnunificence of Mrs. Hetty C. Beatty, of Steubenville, Ohio, the fine building, called after the donor Beatty Hall, was erected, at a total cost, includin- lot, of fifteen thousand dollars, ton thousand dollars of wbich was contributed by- Mrs. Beatty. It is four stories in beigt,lt and at the time of its erection contained eighty-one sinule rooms; the wbole buildiiig being, supplied with -as and water fixtures. It was remodeled in 1868, at a cost of thirty-five'hundred and ei-hty-six dollars, the funds for which were principally raised through the appeals of Professors Jacobus and Hodge to Eastern friends. The library is extensive and valuable, includin- over ten thousand volumes in the general library, and embracing collectionls made in Europe by Dr. A. D. Campbell and the Rev. Charlton Henry, of Charleston, S. C. A fire-proof library hall has recently beenl erected, costing twenty-five thousand dollars. The Halsey Library contains, in addition, two tlhousand volumes of choice patristic and biblical literature for the special use of the professors. This collection was deposited in 1852, by the h-onorable ex-professor wvhose -name it bears. The library fund amounts to five thousand dollars.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY.COUNTY,l PENNSYLVANIA..93 The. complications of the war led Dr. Plumer to resign in September, 1862. ~He is now (1872) a Professor in the Seminary at Columbia, South Carolina.'The Assembly o)f 1857 elected the Rev. Samuel Jennings Wilson Professor'of Ecclesiastical History and Houlileties. He is an Ihonored soin of the Seminary itself, of the class of:1855, and a no less honored Alumnus of Washington College. The n-ext Professor chosen was Dr. William M. Paxton, the pastor of the First Church of Pittsburgh, wlho wvas appointed by the Assembly of 1860 Professor of Sacred Rhetoric, aiid inaugul-ated on the llth- of April following. Dr. Paxton's co nnection as Professor was suborcliiiiate to his imlportant pastorate, -yet his courses of lectures,,lci-auitously given, were received with gireat pleasulre cand profit. I-e -en-ioved to New York in 1865, and subseqiiently resignled. Thle Rev. Archibald Alexander Hodge, D.D., a son of the veneralble Dr. Charles Hodge, of Princeton, a missionary in India during, the first ye'ars of his nministrAi, anid at the time of his election a pastor in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, was inducted into the chair of Didactic, Historical and Polemic Theology November 2, 1864; the Assembly of that year liaving chosen bim to that office. Dr. William H. Hornblower wa.s electecl to the Re-union Professorship of Sacred Rhetoric, Church. Government, and Pastoral Theology, by the Board of Directors, under the new arrangement adopted by the Assembly of 1870, which gives the entire management to the Directors, retainin- the power of veto in the Assembly itself. In addition to these, the Rev. Charles C. Beatty, D.D., LL.D., has, since 1863, by appointment of the Board, filled the office of Lecturer Extraordinary on Practical Theology. OFFICERS. Trustees.James Laughlin, Esq., President, Pittsburgh; Hon. James P. Sterrrett, Vice-President, Pittsburgh; John A. Renshaw, Esq., Secretary, Pittsburgh; Theodore H. Nevin, Esq. Treasurer, Allegheny; Rev. Charles C. Beatty, D.D., Steubenville; Rev. William T. Beatty, Pittsburgh; Rev. George P. Hays, D.D., Washington; Rev. John Kerr Allegheny; Rev. Richard Lea, Pittsburgh; Rev. William B. Mcllwaine, Peoria, Illinois; Rev. David McKinney, D.D., Pittsburgh; William. Bakewell, Esq., Pittsburgh; Robert Beer, Esq., Pittsburgh; William S. Bissell, Esq., Pittsburgh; Harvey Childs, Esq., Pittsburgh; R. H. Davis, Esq., Sewickley; Joseph Dilworth, Esq., Pittsburgh; Henry Lloyd, Esq., Pittsburgh; George B. Logan Esq., Allegheny; Luke Loomis, Esq., Pittsburgh; John D. McCord, Esq., Philadelphia; Hon. J. K. Moorhead, Pittsburgh; J. Schoonmaker, Esq., Allegheny; James R. Speer. M.D., Pittsburgh; James B. Lyon, Esq., Pittsburgh; William Woods, M.D., Sewickley; Samuel Bailey. Esq., Pittsburgh; William Thaw, Esq., Pittsburgh. Directors. Rev. Charles C. Beatty, D.D., LL.D., President; Rev. George Hill, D.D., First Vice-President- Mr. James Loughlin, Secondl Vice-President Rev. William Beatty, Secretary. Faculty. Rev. Melancthon W. Jacobus, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Old Testament Literature and Exegetical Theology; Rev. Samuel Jennings Wilson, D.D.. LL.D., Professor of Biblical,and Ecclesiastical History; Rev. Archibald Alexander Hodge, D.D., Professor of Didactic, Historical, and Polemic Theology; Rev. William H. Hornblower, D.D.,- Re-union Professolr of Sacred Rhetoric, Church Governnent and Pastoral Theology; Rev. Samuel T. Lourie, D.D., Professor of New Testament- Literature and Exegesis; Rev. Luther Halsey, D.D., L.L.D., Lecturer Extraordinary on Practiccal Theology; Rev. John Launitz, Librarian; Delano Jeffries, Teacher of Elocution. ALLEGHENY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The Allegheny Theological Seminary of the United Presbyterian Church Iwasx originally establishecl by the Associate Reformed Synod of the West. -This Synod was oirranized, in the year 1820, by the churches wvhich had prevTiously contstituted the Synod of Scioto, subordinalte to the General Synod of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Almzost irnmediately after its or-aniizatioil, it sought to provicle for the edlucaltioin ofeacndidales for the iininisteriall office. In 1821; mecasur-es were taken to proeure a library. In 1822, wve find it engaged in devising ineains for supplying the Church with niiiisters. In 1824,, a committee was appointed to report cl plan for. securinb funds anid e.stablishinlg a seminaryi In 1825 it was iresolved to establish a thleological seiminary. Pittsburgh was desigfnated aKs tllc place in wblich it was to be located, ancl Rev. Dr. Joseph Kerr, at that tiinie pastor of St. Clair congregation, in the Presbytery of Monongahela, was unanimously chosen professor. "The term of study extendecl ovei- thlree years, there being, but oine session of four imontlis in each year, commiienting on the first Monday of December. Durin- the remainder of the year, the stuident was exp ected to prosecute his studics Ulnder the direction of Ihis Presbytery. The institution had a hard stru-,tle for existence dlurinu a number of years. It was with the greatest difficulty that meanls cou'ld be rhised for current expenses. At one time the idea was seriously discussed of disposinu of the property, paying off the debts, and closinu, its doors. At another period, a pro ect vvas set oni foot to transfer the Seminary, or a portion of it, to New Albany, Indiana, and still another to remove it to Cincinnati. Money was raised by incessant appeals to te curces,and the school kept running throug,h a very tlloomy period until at last fortune smiled UpOIl it and it stood. erect otit of debt, aiid with an endow-.juent fund of one hundred and eigbty-seven thousaind dollars. The Assembly of 1827 elected the Rev. Jacob Jones Janeway Professor of Theology; but be was not inlaug,urated ulntil October, IS2S. In the mean time the board had appoiinted the Rev. Elisha P. Swift to give instruction in Theology and the Rev. Joseph Stockton in Hebrew. These two Gentlemen had charge utitil the arrival of the regular profesSsor a year later. At tlhis time they were joined by Alexander M. MeJunkin, Alexander B. Brown, afterwards President of Jefferson College, the Rev. Adam Torrence, and Aaron Williams, D.D. In 1829 Dr. Janeway resigned and returned to Philadelphia. Professor Luther Halsey, D.D., of New Jersey College, at Princeton, was chosen to fill the vacancy.,He was inauuurated October 19, 1829. Soon. after, Mr. John W. Nevin was chosen to fill the chair of Biblical and Oriental Literature. The Assembly of 1836 sanctioned and confirmed the transfer of Dr. Halsey from the Department of Theology to that of Church History and Government, and placed in the former chair the Rev. David Elliott. In 1837, Dr. Halsey resigned Iiis position in the Seminary. His ability, fidelity, and Christian ebaracter had won for him many warml admirers and friends, alike among the ministry atid the people. Dr. Elliott was inaugurated in the autumn following bis appointment, wben Dr. Henry R. Weed delivered an able charue. At the timle of his entrance, in -the summer of 1836, there were twenty-six students; two years later the number had risen to fifty. The studies of the chair leit vacant by the retirement of Dr. Halsey, in 1837, were conducted by Professor Nevin, an assistaint having beerl employed in his own department until his. resignation, in 1840, to become a professor in the Theological Semuinary of the German Reformed Church, then at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. The spring and sumnmer of 1S40 mwarked oine of the severest trials of all this history. The retirement of Dr. Nevin left Dr. Elliott the sole professor. Strait-.ened finances, diminiislied classes, and a discourag,ed spirit in the, Church were conibinea ill a heavy burdein upon the shoiilders of one rnan of unwaveiring faith and resolute couraC,e. Had the heart of' Dr. Elliott quailed then, the Seminary would have come to its burial. The Rev. Robert Dunlap, thenl pastor' of the Second Church of Pittsburgh, gave temporary assistance in teaching. The Rev. A. D. Campbell still lectured occasionally on Church Government. The Assembly of 1840 elected the Rev. Lewis W. Greenl, of Kentucky, to fill the chair of Oriental and Biblical Literature. His inauguration took place in October, 1840. Provision bavin-t been made for a third professor for three years, by special subscription, the Rev. Alexander T. _McGill, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was chosen Instructor in 1841, and elected by the Assembly of 1842 Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government. In 1847, Dr. Green retired to take charge of the Second Presbyterian Church of Baltimore. He was afterwards successively President of Hampden Sidney College, Virginia, and Transylvania University and Centre College, of Kentucky. He died in 1863. The Rev. Melanethon W. Jacobus, pastor of the First Church of Brooklyn, was chosen to fill the third chair, as Professor of Oriental and Biblical Literature, in 1851. He was inaugurated in May, 1852, and still continues at his post. He is the author of a valuable commentary on the Scriptures. Two years later, Dr. McGill was trainsferred to the Seminary at Princeton, but not without stroDg opposition from.his Western friends. The vacancy thus cre-.ated was filled by the saine Assembly which elected William S. Plumer, D. D., pastor of the Franklin Street Church, of Baltimore, Professor. A change was made to suit this appointment Dr. Elliott taking, the chair as Professor of Polemic and Historical Theology and Church Government, and Dr. Plumer accepting the Professorship of Didactic and Pastoral Theology. He was inaugurated October 20, 1854. Dr. Plumer's influLence was woniderfuLlly beneficial to the instituLtioin. In 1854; wben he took his place, there were fifty-four students, wbich increased in three years to eit,hty-one; and in 1861, at the brea'kin, out of the war; tlle niumber had r isei-i to one hundred and sixty-five.:HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA..94.deem'it ex:pedient to elect anotlieir pro-fessor. Thus matters ill connection with the faculty of the Seminary rem-lained until the mornin- of 13th of August, 1870, when.it pleased God to reiiiove Dr. Pressley fiom. earth to heaven. He died in the Iseventy-sixtlh year of his a-,e, havin.- served Christ in a ministry exteinding over fifty-six years, and havin,I dischiarged the duties of theolog'ical instructor for thirty-eight years. When the first Synod of tho West was divided, in 1862, and the Synods. of Pittsburgh and Ohio wei-e folrmed, the supervision and care of the Seminary were committed to the three Synods conjointly, each retainiing an equal interest and power in its mariagement.. To facilitate the choice of professors, it was. arranged that the Synods should norninate, and that the Board of directors should elect from. the persons thus nomiitiated, the professor or professors required. From the nomninations previouLsly mlade, the board, on the 25th of October, 1870, elected Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Cooper to the -chair of Didactic and Polemlic Theology, made vacant by the death of Dr. Pressley. The appointment was accepted, and at the opening, of the next session, in 1871 Dr. Cooper was formally inau,,urated. At the organization of the Seminary, in 1825, the Synod elected three directors without limiting the term of office. In 1835 the number was increased to. five. In 1848 the board was enlarged to nine inembers, three of whom wereelected annually to serve for a term of thr-ee years. The Seminary was incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in 1830,. with a board of five trustees. In 1868 a new charter was obtained, the number-,of the trustees being nine, three of whom are elected annually by the directors..Under this clharter all the property and funds are held by the corporation. The buildin-, occupied by the Seminary is situated on the corner of North Avenue aiid Buena Vista Streets, Allegheny. It is sixty-five, feet front and -fiftyfive feet deep, of brick, withl cut-stone trimuminc,s. On the first floor there are. two spacious rooms, one occupied as a lecture-room and the other by the library,. with a hall ancl rooms for the janitor. On the second floor there is a. comrnodious chapel and an additional lectureroorni. The library nuimbers about three tbousand volumes. The Seminary is supported by annual contributioiis from the Synods, togetherwith the proceeds of a partial endowinent of ab-out thirty thousand dollars. There aeas,in addition to the Library Fund, a Young Men's Fund and a Dormitory Fund. The first is a loan fund, established, as already stated, by tlle first pro-- fessor, and largely increased by suibsequent donations and beqLuests; the second is a funad created some years since by a few generous friends of the institution, for the erection of a buildirlg to provide, lodgings for the students. The proceeds. of this fund are now used to aid students in niaintaininlg themselves wliile at the, Seminary. Siuce the organization of the Seminary, about five hundred ministers have been; trained in it for the service of the Church. The majority are still living, and exercisin- their ministry honorably to themselves and their cherished Alma Mater, and usefully to the Church and the world. They are scattered over all parts of our widely-extended country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They may be found also in the mission fields of India, China, and Egypt. TERM OF STUDY. The term of study prior to licensure is three annual sessions, of seven weeks, each, beginning on the -first Wednesday of October. For the benefit of licentiates who have gone through the aforesaid term'there is an advanced course of three inonths, beginning on the first Wednesday of' October. THE COURSE OF STUDY. Systematic Theology 1. The only special text-books designed in this department are the Scriptures and the subordinate standards of the Church. 2. The entire system of Theology is divided into three sectioDs, studied in their order in as raany sessions, so as to complete the regular course in three years. The first section ends with the topic of the Divine Decrees; the second, with that of the Offices of Christ; the third, with the close of the commonly recognized systeni. Church Governmeent and History. 1. The attention of the students during the first session is occupied with the history of the Old Testament Church; during the second, with the organization of the New Testament Church, and its history to the Reformation; during the third, with the Reformation and the history following to the present time. 2. The Bible, with Kurtz, and such other works as are considered useful'in different parts of the course, is used as the tesxt-book..'The Seminary was operied in December, 1825 ulder tlle direction of Dr. Kerr, who for four years discharged all the duties pertaining, to the different depai-tinents of theolo,,ical instruction with -reat ability, commuanding thie affectioncite respect of the students and the unbounded confid-ence of the Church, At his,suggestion, the fund for aiding) youn- iien in the pi-osecution of: their theolo(licall studi es was founded; and to this fund be contributed, fi-om year to year, tbe ~,treater part of his salary of two hundred dollars."' Dr. Kerr died after a blieif illness, on the 15th of November, 1829. Rev. Mungo Dick, at the request of the Presbytery, conducted the course of instruction dur-ing the next session, and at thbe further i-equest of the Synod, Dr. D. continued his services durin- another session. At the meeting of the Syiiod in 1831, the Rev. Dr. John T. Pressley, of South Carolina, was chosen. to fill the position of professor, whlich be accepted. Wbhen the Dew professor entered UpOIl his duties, he found thirteen students ready to listen to his instructions, January, 1832. Towards the close of the same year, the professor assumed the duties of the pastoral office for the Associate Reformed congregation of Allegheny. In consecuence of tbis, the exercises of the Seminary were tbenceforward conducted ill Allegheny City. Dui-in- the first four sessions stibseqluent to his election tlle entire Gliarge of the Serninary devolved upon Dr. Pressley alorne. In the year 1835 the Rev. Moses Kerr, a son of the fil-st professor, was elected by the Synod to fill the clhair of Biblical Literature and Criticism. Tbou;,h at this time Mr. Kerr had but just entered upon his twenty-fifth yeair, yet such wei-e his abilities that the Church was warranted in anticipating a brilliant career of usefulness. His liealth, however, did not admit of his remiaining in the positioni for which he was so eminently qualified. Unable to bear the strain of severe study, he resigned his professorship the followin- year. Dr.. Pressley was thus agrain'alone in charge of the Serminary. In 1843 the Synod establislied three professorsbips in the inistitution, iiamely, of Didactic, Polemic, and Pastoral Theology, of Biblical Literature and Criticism, and of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government. Rev. James L. Dinwiddie was elected Professor of Biblical Literature and Criticism. To Dr. Pressley was assigned the chair of Didactic, Polemic, and Pastoral Theology, and, as the Synod was not prepared to elect a third professor, the department of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government was, at its request, assumed by Dr. Pressley. Dr. Dinwiddie brought to his labors in the Seminary a high order of natural talents, trained and developed by years of earnest and enthusiastic study in the various branches of literary, scientific, and theological lore. He was remarkably familiar with our sterling old English literature, thoroughly versed in th-e classics and the original languages of' the sacred Canon, while his address and manners proclaimed him to be a finished Christian gentleman. He entered upon the discharge of the duties of his professorship with a zeal and assiduity which gave abundant promise of great usefulness, as well as peculiar eminence in his department.. But in the miysterious providence of God his brilliant career in the Seminary was cut short in the ninth of February, 1846, by an attack of paralysis of the brain. From the effects of this affliction he never fully recovered. He died in the city of Baltimore, in the month of January, 1849. In the year 1847, Rev. Dr. Alexander D. Clark, then President of Franklin College was elected to the chair made vacant by the disability of Dr. Dinwiddie. Dr. Clark entered upon his duties in the Seminary at the commencement of the session, in the autumn of 1848. In the year 1851, Rev. Dr. David R. Kerr, the youngest son of the first professor, was elected to thle chair of Ecclesiastical History and Church Governn-ient, and immediately entered upon the exercise of his professorship. A short time subsequent to the election of Dr. Kerr, the commodious and comfortable building now occupied by the Seminary was erected under the supervision of a committee of the Presbytery of Monongahela. The funds for this purpose came from a muniificenit bequest, made by Mr. Thomnas Hanna, "1an elder who obtaiined a good report." During the greater part of its previous existence, the exercises of the Seminary were conducted in a room gratuitously furnished by the First Church, Allegheny. At a meeting of the Synod, held September 27, 1859, the possession and control of the Seminary were transferred to the First United Presbyterian Synod of the West, which had come into existence as a consequence of the happy unioin between the Associate and Associate Reformed Presbyterian Churches, consummated the preceding year. The new Synod acceptecl the trust. The professors tben in charge were continued. A professorship of Pastoral Theology was created, in addition to those already existing,, and Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Cooper, of Philadelphia, was chosen to occupy this department. This position was accepted, but his Presbytery refusing to release him from his pastoral ch-arge, the appointment was ultimately declined, and the Synod did notI 4 i i I I i.1 I I I I I I i I I I I i i I I I I i i HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 90Committe for Receiving Incurables George H. Thurston, Cliff Street, Pittsburgh; Miss M. A. Sterling, 30 Lincolin Avenue, Allegheny City. Time and place of regular meeLing,s, on the third Thursday of each month, at ten o'clock A.M., in the parlor of the Y. M. C. A. rooms. HOME FOR AGED PROTESTANT WOMEN. iThis home is also located at Wilkinsburg, adjoining the city limits oin the east, t-he buildin- occuLpying- a site of five acres of grouild doiiated by James Kelly. It was organized June 10, 1869, under the auspices of the Women's Christian Assoiciation of Pittsburgh, and was chartered by the State as an independent institution on the 25th of March, 1871 The home is one hundred feet long, forty feet wide, aiid three stories high, biiilt of brick, and occupyiilt, a very commanding location in the southeast part of the town. It is designed for suLch aged Protestant women as in their closing days-find themselves bereft of means and relations, and destitute of a home, yet partially able to contribute to their own support through the kindness of friends or the remnants of property left from a former competency. The cost of the homie has been about thirty-five thousand dollars. January 1, 1876, the number of inmates was twenty-nine, their ages ranging from sixty-five to eighty-five years. But three deaths occurred the previous year. The grounds, beside being in a very healthy locatioin, are kept in excellent order, and lthe institutioil conmpares falvorably with those of otlher cities. A valu'able doilation lin the shape of a burial lot bas been received froin the board of managers of the Allegheny Cemetery and it is a source of comfort to the inmnates to know tlhat Iafter spending their last days together they will repose in one burial-place in death. They perform such light duties for themselves and others as their strength permits. The receipts, donations, admission fees, etc., for 1875 amounted to five thousand nine hundred and four dollars and eighty-seven cents and the expenses for fuel furniture, repairs, funerals, wages, etc., to four thousand one hundred and ninetythree dollars and ten cents. OFFICERS President.- Miss Jane Holmes. Vice-Presidents. Mrs. James Irwin, Mrs. Eliza Loomis. Secretary. Mrs. George H. Thurston, 16 Cliff Street, Pittsburgh. Treasurer - Miss Mary L. Jackson. Managers.-Mrs. George W. Jackson, Mrs. W. P. Logan, Mrs. Matthew Graff, Mrs. Samuel McKee, Mrs. Charles H. Paulson, Mrs. Jane Gorman, Mrs. Alexander Chambers, Mrs. Jacob Hubley, Mrs. Robert Pitcairn, Miss Lavinia Gordon Mrs. Judge Mellon, Mrs. William Thaw, Mrs. Joseph Dilworth, Mrs. Robert H. Palmer, Mrs. B. L. Fahnestock, Mrs. John Watt, Mrs. Andrew Fulton, Mrs. Alexander Bradley, Miss Tillie Smith. Time and place of regular meetings, on first Wednesday of each month, at ten o'clock A.M., in the parlor of the Y. M. C. A. rooms. iMEDICAL. HISTORY OF ALLOPATHY IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY. A GLANCE at the names of the following active members of the maedical profession of 1836, midway in the years that have passed since Anno Domini 1800, attachecl to a printed " Fee Bill" dated January 1, 1836, will demonstrate that but one of twenty-three contin-ues in the active perforr-lance of the duties of Iiis profeso (Dr. George D. Bruce); two only (Drs. Jonas R. McClintock and James R. Speer) having: voluntarily retired' froni the wear and tear into other channels, after a long and successful professional career. One, by one the others have passed away "Like o-ne who wraps the drapery of his couch about bim, And lies down to pleasant dreamns," Biography will yet reach the men of the earlier period (1800 who distinguished its medical roll, the Vanderschots, the Richardsons, the Bedfords, the Brunots, and the Mowrys, with elaborate notices of their personal and professional eharacteristics..0 DR, SHIPLEY R. HOLMES -Ithseodecde of this century, a native of the soutliwestern part of this County, who, after self-application and academy traiiiing, eiitered the office of Dr. Peter Mowry, the leadiing family physician of the borough of Pittsburgh, giving, evidence from the first hours of his admission of quick- perceptive faculties, that were given early exercise in the every-day Biblical Criticism, and Hermeneutics. 1. As far as possible, the whole of the Greek Testament is read in the course of three years. The Gospels form the section for the first session; the Acts, with the Epistles to the Romans and the Corinthians, for the second session and thence to the close of the New Testament for the third session. In addition, certain portions are selected each session for particular exegetical examination. 2. The reading of tlle Hebrew Scriptures is in the following order, viz.: selections from the books of Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Son- of Solomon, in the second session; and selections from tlle remaininm, books in the tbird session. Pastoral Theology. In the department of Pastoral Theology the course is divided into three parts, one for each session, in the following order, viz.: for the first year, the Directory for Church Government; for the second year, Homiletics; for the third year, the Directory for Worship, and the pastoral work generally. In addition, each student has exercises in the composition and delivery of sermons, in reading and public speaking,, through the whole course of the Seminary. ADVANCED COURSE. Licentiates are required to give special attention to present forms of skepticism an d unbelief, church discipline, exercises in sacred rhetoric, and whatever else may be needed to complete their seminary training for the work of the ministry in both the home and foreign fields. PRESENT FACULTY. Rev. A. D. Clark, D.D., President and Professor of Biblical Literature and Criticism; elected 1847. Rev. David R. Kerr, D.D., Ecclesiastical History and Church Government; elected 1851. Rev.Joseph T. Cooper, D.D.,Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology; elected 1870. Rev. Alex. Young D.D., LL.D., Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral Theology,; elected 1875. THE SHELTERING ARMS. This is a reformatory institution, owing its existence to the efforts of the Women's Christian Association of Pittsburgh. Its objects are to throw a shelterin, arm around those young girls who, deceived and betrayed, would abandon themselves to a vicious life, and also to reclaim such women as, having strayed from the habits of a correct and virtuous life, desire to abandon evil ways. Attached to the institution is a "Hospital for Incurables," where women suffering from dropsy, consumption, or like incurable diseases, may find care and attention. A further object being, to furnish to such women as have sought its protection and help in their efforts to reform employment in the care of the sick, and by the aid of the influence which will be brought to bear upon them, while ministering to the wants and alleviating the distress of others, impress upon their minds a lesson that will materially help them on their way in the paths of rectitude, and give them the opportunity to acquire a profession that will enable them to earn a sufficient livelihood, and regain their self-respect in the consciousness of well doing and laboring in an honorable if humble profession. This institution is located at Wilkinsburg, occupying a site of five acres donated by James Kelly. The buildint,s were dedicated in October, 1872, and when fully completed will cost about forty thousand clollars. One wing only is built, which cost, including furniture, twenty thousand three hundred and thirty-seven dollars. In the year 1875 there were admitted to the Sheltering Arms department-including eight children-twenty-three; helped to itutios,six; left of their own accord, three; rernaining in the Homne six. In the Hospital for Ineurables there were receivedl, durino, the same time, six patients, of whom one clied a few montlis after admission. The accommodations for' the admission of' hospital patients have been enlarged, and this branch of the institution, it is to.be hoped, will be made self-supporting, as a moderate sum per week is charged each patient for board, attendance, and medical advice. The regular attending physician is Miss Emma K. Ogden, a graduate of the Medical College of Pennsylvania. Dr. James Semple, of Wilkinsburg, and Dr. James King, of Pittsburgh, also give their advice when needed. The officers arePresident.-Mrs. Felix R. Brunot. Vice-President.- Mrs. George H. Thurston. Secretary. Mrs. S. S. Marvin, 192 Fayette Street, Allegheny. Treasurer.-Miss M. A. Sterling, Managers.-Mrs. Eliza Sands, Mrs. H. Riddle, Mrs. R. S. Davis, Mrs. R. W. Poindexter, Mrs. E. S. Newmyer, Mrs. E. J. McPherson, Mrs. J. A. Renshaw, Mrs. Joseph W. Spencer, Miss V. Stoner, Mrs. M. G. Semple, Mrs. F. H. Eaton, Mrs. S. M. Henderson, Mrs. J. S. Collins, Mrs. Levi Dillon, Mrs. Max Moorhead, Mrs. J. McKay, Mrs. B. C. Jillson, Mrs. F. Woods, Mrs. S. McKee, Mrs. T. M. Umbstetter.I I I I I Pittsburgh of sixty years ago. It was inaugurated in 1787, and melted, with its remnant of State endowments, into the present Western University about 1826-27. Dr. Irwin was a life-time, student, notwitstanding, his occupancy in professional luties, and had acqired among his medical brethren a reputation for high literacy and scientific tastes. He pursued an even course in professional life, and by attention and successes secured an ample professional reward. DR. WLLLIAM A. SIMPSON, a native of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, emigrated West with his father's family, early in the present century. His education hacl been thorough and polished, and his medical honors were drawn from the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. Connected with a large private practice, he had for many years, under different administrations of the War Department, served as Post Surgeon (per contract) at the Allegheny Arsenal. DR. HENRY D. SELLERS received his medical honors from the University-of Maryland, on Lombard Street Baltimore, and soon afterwards settled at Pittsburgh where his talents were appreciated by the profession and the people. His intellect was robust and refined, and moved in strong and smooth currents alteraately to reach its purposes. He was blunt but polished, in his professional intercourse, a strict observer of " medical ethics, and one of the galaxy of medical stars, and not the least that have "passed over the river."' As a part of the history of the medical profession in this County, we present a brief sketch of THE ALLEGHENY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The first regularly organized medical society formed in Allegheny County was about the year 1850. Amnong its original members were Drs. Gazzam, Brooks, Bruce, and others. The Society was in active existence for perhaps five or six: years, when it suspended, and was again partially resuscitated by the formation of the present Society, which was consummated in the early part of the year 1865. The first regular meeting, of the Society was held on the 20th of April, 1865. The first President was Dr. A. H. Gross, who was elected at the January meeting of the Society, in 1866. The medical gentlemen subsequently holding the office of President of the Society, from 1866 to 1876, elected in the order as they appear, were Drs. R. B. Mowry, A. M. Pollock, H. T. Coffey, T. J. Gallaher, E. A. Wood George D. Bruce J. C. Maggini, M. O. Jones, W. J. Asdale, T. W. Shaw, tihe present incumbent. The otlier officers electecl at the January meetinlg of the Society, in 1876, were Vice-President, James H. Snodgrass; Recording Secretary, William H. Daly Assistanlt Recording Secretary, W. S. Foster; Corresponding Secretary, S. N. Benjamin Treasurer, from the organization of the Society to the present (1876), Dr. Nesbit McDonald. The Censors for the current year are Drs. James McCann, R. B. Mowry, and W. S. Huselton. The Medical Examiners are Drs. Thomas W. Shaw, A. M. Pollock, and B. C. Jillson. The duty of these last-named gentlemen is to examine all applicants for the study of medicine as to their scholastic attainments. It is necessary that young inen inltending, to st-LLdy inedcliine shou~ld have a thorou,h knowied-,e of the English brariches of educeationl a sufficetiet acquLaintanee with Latin aild Greek for the requirements of the profession, and some scientific knowledge, before any member of the Society will undertake to instruct them in the various branches of the medical profession., The object of the Society, as set forth in its constitution, shall be the advancement of knowledge Upon all subjects connected with the healing art; the organization of the profession in connection with the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association; the elevation of the character and the protection of the proper rights and interests of those, engaged in the practice of medicine, and the study of means calculated to render the medical profession most useful to the public, and subservient to the great interests of humanity." The. Society is now in a very prosperous and flourishing condition. It numbers about one hundred and forty members in good standing, and embraces the majority of the prominent allopathic practitioners of Allegheny County., Aiilon-, the mnest prominent practitioners who entered on the practice of medicine, in or about the decade ending in 1850, we might mention the following: Drs. George D. Bruce, (in 1833), A. M. Pollock, Thomas W. Shaw R. B. Mowry, John Semple (Wilkinlsburg) A. H. Gross, James Kerr, John Dickson, Sr. These gentlemen are still in the active practice of their profession, and are among the ornaments that grace the Allegheny Medical Society. Among those who commenced practice after 1850 and before 1860 are: Drs. H. T. Coffey, Wm. C. Reiter James King (ex-Surgeon-General of the, Pennsylvania forces in the army), W. M. Herron, J. A. Phillips, A. Fleming, E. A. Wood (State Senator). These are also members in good standing, of the Society above mentioned. Those representing the later acquisitions to the medical fraternity within the period embraced in the decade from 1860 to 1870 are: Dr. John Hamilton, a graduate of the New York Medical College, from which institution he received his diploma, and commemced the practice of medicine in Mercer County in 1855. He practiced there until 1862, when I-IISTORY IOF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANTA. 96'clinic' presented by accompanying his preceptor in special cases. He attended the classes of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania one term, and, on his return, -was taken into partnership and adopted into the family. The second year afterwards, haviing, concluded on wedded life, he separated from Dr. Mowry, and shared with him an extensive and growing practice. In the line of a successful surgeon he became known throughout the western counties, and his services in all important cases were in constant demand. He had masterly use of his instruments, and a rapidity and precision in the performance of amputations and the extirpation of abdominal tumors that challenged the admiration of his professional brethren. DR. JAMES AGNEW was a native of New Jersey, and received his medical diploma from the University of Pennsylvania. He married the daughter of Goverror Howell of the former State, and emigrated in the first quarter of the present century to the city of Pittsburgh, where for many years, as a practitioner of medicine, he occupied a first place in the public estimation. His learning and early training would have entitled him to a professor's chair had he remained on the Delaware in the class-rooms of his Alma mater. Prompt in his diagnosis at the bedside of his patient he wastecl no time in Meeting, its indications. He was the pater familias and ready counsel lor of the young doctors JOSEPH P. GAZZAM.-His early education had valuable home culture, and his,opportunlity to enter the courts of the old Academy, the parent of the Western University of Pennsylvania, fitted him for the curriculum of the medical branches taught at the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. He received an honorable diploma from Jefferson College. He possesed substantial brain force, with energy, ability, and use of language, which, in other localities, woulcl have marlked him out as one calculated to adorn a professor's chair. As physican and surgeon, He was reliable, and the history of a long professional life and its successes indicate the fact of its rich harvest of returns. In early boyhood he reached Pittsburgh with his father, in 1800, the latter having emiglrated from England isoine years previous. WILLIAM ADDISON received his medical' diplomia (his preliilliinary edLicatioii havTimn been complete) from the, Faculty of the University of Maryland, during; the teaching of the noted " Bourbons of the Sciences, David, Potter, Patterson and De, Butts, all of whomll lcad been already celebrated in the mediccal annals of Europe.allcd America. Addison, likec his brother-iin-law tilowry, wals althou-,h inatiirally kincl anll- geintle, solliewhat br'usq-Le ill iilsistiilg Oil carXrying oLLt hlis orders, eveni pl'iOl' to any actual disobedlienlce. Hlis jUdgirieni had cleserveclly the confidlence of his illany patri'lls ill its applicatioii to disease, anid Ihis stur-ery was geonerally successfuLl. Ascons-Ltit ph sicianl he was plaini and didacatic in givill I his views, aind if opposed iiot readily inovedl. DR. J. BROOKS, iiiore thaii for ty years ago a r esidenit of the Upper Monongahela, p'larlted Iiii-iself in Pittsburgh, h-aviii, alll aloiie acq-uired Ihis professional status -'at his iiio-Lntaiii aiid river holme. As fatmily pliysiciaii lhe aecquir ed aind retainedl a pop)ularity, after a short residence, that lecl to ain uiicomfortable inlterferencee with tliejifelcs heretofore oce-Lpiedl by his medieal brethrein. He becan-ie fa-n-iliar withi -the instrsumenlts of the surgeonl, aiicl wvas celebrlatecl ill their s-uee'essf-LL use. A. N. MCDOWELL liad ireceivedl the inecessai-y ed-lucatioii ill the classics, ancl alfter lolz~~ office-preparlatioin, and s-Lbseq-Lueit gradluationi at ail Eastern University, hacl openecl all office at his homie, east of the lUlouLitaliis. EIe -finally, in. con,se-quellGe of hiis wife s iiiterest at Pittsburgh ill the inaultiffcture of iron, retired from iii,eflieine aiid removedl hither, to give his persoiial supervisioi-i to tlhe, new businless.;After a short service, the manuLfact-Lie of iron being uncongt,enial to Iiis dispolsitioin, lie resumlled his professioii, aiicl readlily secuirecl the fuLll eorifidlence of ouzii people. *SCl'iptiOll i iscuik, clS his perceptive faceultie,s were keenl. Noine of those wh-o prececlecl hin-i coulcl boast of havin, hacl truer friiidcs aicd adrnir'eils. DR. DAVID REYNOLDS, soime tweiity years a,o, after a, longt andl successfuLl resideI1Ge i11 OUr inidst., i-eturned to his olcl hoine in the nlorth of Irelandl. Ef-e was kinlsman to some, of the iiiost worthy faitnlies of Alleghenly, and after malcinu hosts of friendls, and ill the busy rounds of visits requLired by the practice of his profesSiOll reaping, a h-anclsome colmpeteiicy, he left the-i homie of his professional life iever to lreturnl permanaently. DR. ADAM HAYS WaXS -rad-Lated professionally frion the University of Pennsylvania, aild had previo-Lsly the necNsary preparatiol-i at Dickison College, Carlisle. He arrived here-ill iniddlle life, ancl clid iiot fail, with Ihis overflowin-t good niature aind inlfluential kinlsfolk to have i-apid success. Ile was esteemued an excellenit PIhysiciatil anld obtaiiiedl a clhoicee if i-iot all exteiisive, appreciationi. DR. WILLIAM F. IRWIN was aI uradLuate of the3 Academy instit-Litioii from which hias' collie ouLt the best talent of the bar, the pulpit, aiid imediGiine of theI 97 HISTORY. OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. system.. There are m-any former ancl presenlt citizens of Allegheny County who will feel a sense of satisfaction in recallin, to memory, on reading, these lilies, the, benefactions in the way of medical aid received at the hands of so conipeteDt aind successful a physician. Dr. Dake is still living with his family near St. Louis. full of honors and venerable in years. Next came Dr. Marcellin Cote, a. native of Lower Canada (Province of Quebec), graduate, of Bowdoin College of 1844. Having adopted homoeopathy, he came to Pittsburgh and located in 1847. A man of much vivacity and great geniality, he has succeeded in building, up a fine practice. To him homoeopathy is indebted. for translations of " Crosario's Homoeopathic Manual of Obstetrics" and " Rapou on Typhoid Fever." He was instrumental, with others, in organizing the' Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary," an institution situated on Second Avenue, of' which homoeopathy may justly be proud, and Pittsburgh feel highly favored. Dr. Cote though quite advanced in years, is still at his post of labor. and is now the oldest homoeopathic physician practicing in the County. About this time, probably in 1847, came Dr. Wilson, formerly a clergyman, who had studied and embraced homoeopathy, and wbo may be remembered by the older citizens of Pittsburgh as a very successful practitioner in the treatment of Asiatic cholera, as it raged in 2849 in Birmingham. In the very midst of his success, Dr. Wilson bimself was stricken with the same enemy he had so successfully battled. " Others he saved, himself he could not." Cbarles Hoffman, a native of Germany, baving receivTed bis medical educationl at Dresden, came in 1848, aind located in Pittsburgh. He will be remenmbered by a large, number of German patrons who yet survive. He removed to Illinois about four years after, and died in 1859. The next year, 1849, Dr. H. H. Hoffman, brother of Charles Hoffman, alseo a native of Germany, and a graduate of the University of Leipsic, came and located in Pittsburgh. He blad early elmbraced homoeopathy, and was among, the earnest workers, and assisted in organizing the' Alligheny County Homoeopathic Medical Society,"' and also the 1 Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary." He is an earnest and faithful physician, highly esteemed, by both patrons and professional brethren, for his urbanity and consistent deportment. He is still in very active practice, and has a large and profitable patronage. About 1849 or 1850, Dr. Wm. Penniman, an old-school practitioner of several years' experience, embraced homoeopathy, and commenced to dispense the " sugar pill" in Pittsburgh. For seven or eight years he followed with marked success the now practice, and then removed West to Minnesota, where he died,a year or two since. In 1851, Dr. J. P. Dake, M.D., a graduate of the Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical College, of the class of 1851, came to Allegheny County and located in Pittsburgh in company witb hiS former preceptor, Dr. Reichhelm. Dr. J. P. Dake is a brother of Dr. D. M. Dake, and is the son of a doctor, his father, Dr. Faber Dake, having been for a score of years a practitioner of the " old school,' and afterwards, for quite a number of years, an earnest physician of the " new." In 1853, Dr. Reichhelm having removed from the County, Dr. Dake succeeded to his immense practice, and was for many years the acknowledged leader of homoeopathy in the western part of the State. In 1852 an article containing some strictures upon bomoeopathy, deemed unjust, appearing in one of the city papers over the signature of Dr. James King, an " old-school" physician of ability, Dr. Dake, as champion of homoeopathy, took exceptions to the criticisms, and challenged Dr. King, to meet him in a public discussion of the followin-, propositions: lst. That " Similia Similibus Curantur " is the fundamental law in medicine.. 2d. That the medicinal power of matter can be correctly ascertained in no other way than by the vital test, the trial of drugs on the healthy. 3d. That the doses employed in the homoeopathic practice are efficient. Dr. Dake to affirm. Dr. King adroitly avoided to accept the discussion. In 1855 Dr. Dake was called to the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Homoeopatbic Medical College of Pennsylvania. After two years he returned to Pittsburgh, and was shortly after honored with the presidency of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and delivered its annual address in Brooklyn in 1858. In 1859 he published a work on domestic practice, which has since passed to a second edition. In 1863 he removed to Salem, Ohio. He was largely instrumental in organizing the Hahnemann Life Insurance Company, which proposed to insure the lives of the patrons of homoeopathy at a less per cent., on account of supposed less risk. This company opened an office on Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, in 1866. Dr. Dake is now practicing at Nashville, Tennessee, but has again been called to a chair in the Hahnemann Medical College at Philadelphia, whither he will remove in time for the session of 1876-77. In 1853, Dr. J. F. Cooper, a native of Ohio, and a graduate of the Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical College, located in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, the came to Allegheny, and has practiced here from that time the present. He was one of the earliest members of the Allegheny Medical Society, to which he still belongs. Wm. H. Daley, W. S. Foster, F. Le Moyne, R. S. Sutton, Cyrus B. King, James McCann, T. R. Van Kirk (McKeesport), James Snodgrass, Joseph N. Dickson, John Kirken, W. Snively; W. J. Asdale, and others. HOMCE3OPATHY lIN ALLEGHENY COIJNTY.* During the summer of 1837, Dr. Constantine Hering, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, an intimate friend and co-laborer of Samuel Hahnemann, the honored founder of homoeopathy, received a letter from a clergyman in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, requesting him to send a homoeopathic physician "over the mountains." The Pittsburgh of that day was small as compared with the Pittsburgh of to-day, and " over the rnountains" was about as inviting, to the contentment of the East as " beyond the Rocky Mountains" is to us of to-day. Three years before there had arrived in the country an enterprising young man, fresh from the German University of Halle. As he stepped upon the shores of the "New World,' and breathed the atmosphere of American freedom, he felt the impulse of a new life. Meeting his fellow-countrymen, Drs. Hering, and Wesselhoft, who long years before had embraced the new philosophy of medicine, he received new lessons and new light from them, and thenceforth renounced the " old" and embraced the "new" school of medicine. To this young man, as a suitable standard-bearer of homoeopathy in the West, did Hering hand the clergyman's letter of invitation. With true American zeal and promptness did the young German physician respond, "Give me five minutes to decide!" Westward, ho! A few weeks more and our hero, Gustalvus Reichhelm, was upon the soil of Pittsburgh. Tlle clergyman was alone his primal welcomer. Advocating a system of which the masses were entirely ignorant, a priniciple entirely antagonistic to the notions and practices of all other physicians around him, he was compelled to bear the insolence and professional abuse of ill-bred opponents, without the hand of sympathy, or even the cloak of charity, that are now so readily extended by an enlightened community to the introducer of new claims in any department of science. Very soon after his establishment, through the influence of his friend, the clergyman, young Reichhelm was employed as attending physician to the Pittsburgh Orphan Asylum. The success of his practice there for nearly twelve years has been almost without a parallel, even in the history of homeopathy. For a long time Dr. Reichhelm stood alone as the representative of homoeopathy in Pittsburgh. Others appeared claiming themselves as homoeopathists, but for nearly ten years no one came whom he could recognize as the true disciple of Hahnemann. Resolute, yet courteous, he carried forward the principles and practice of pure homoeopathy, and succeeded abundantly. The learned and the wealthy, as well as the ignorant and poor, were alike glad to secure the benefits of his counsel and his cures. Thus so well established, homoeopathy has gone forward with everincreasing succss,until to-day it nunibers among its patrons many tbousands of the most learned and wealthy of the community. In 1853, Dr. Reichhelm removed to Philadelplhia, where he died suddenly of apoplexy in 1864. The ground once broken for the system, others appealed in the field of practice in rapid succession. About 1840, a Dr. Jones came and located in St. Clair Street, as the second homoeopathic physician succeediing Dr. R. His stay was short, and but little, is known of his after-history. Next came Dr. C. Bayer, a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and located in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, about 1841 or 1842. He was educated for the ministry at the celebrated University of Tubingen. He was more of a defensive than offensive turn, but persevering, and built up a large and lucrative practice. He was one of the original members of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Allegheny County, and took an active part in its organization. In the winter of 1865, while attending to his professional calls, he slipped on the icy street, and so injured his head that he died in a few days from its effects. Next came Dr. D. M. Dake, a native of New York, and a graduate of tle medical college at Geneva in his native State, in 1837. He located in Pittsburgh in 1846. He was most cordially welcomed by his professional brethren, Drs. Reichhelm and Bayer, and soon acquired an extensive practice. Dr. Dake, unlike his predecessor, was aggressive. Having practiced the " old school" system a number of years, and changed to the "new," his abilities and ambition soon carried him to the front rank as a physician and representative of homoeopathy. He wrote and published over ninety columns in the Pittsburgh Daily Dispatch of the day, setting forth the principle and claims of his cherished school of medicine. This, together with his brilliant success in treating that terrible scourge, Asiatic cholera, in 1849 and 1852, gained many converts and patrons for the new * By B. F. Dake, M.D.98 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY.COUNTY, PENNSYLVAN, TA. sylvania, in the class of 1861. He located in his native city and practiced for a time, but owing to the embarrassment of partial deafness, he left the practice and engaged in mercantile pursuits. Dr. Wm. J. Blakely, a native of Pittsburgh and student of Dr. J. P. Dake, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1861. He located in Pittsburgh for a short time, when he removed to Elk County, where he was surgeon for a portion of the Philadelphia and Erie Railway until 1869, when he removed to Erie, where he is now practicing. Dr. C. Baelz, a native of Germany, was a graduate of the University of Zurich, Switzerland, in 1836. Having practiced the other school for many years in Europe, he came to America, and, after having, investigated homoeopathy, embraced it, located in Pittsburgh, and commenced practice in 1861. He was very successfuland died about 1872 at his post. Alexnder Black, M.D., a native of Pittsburgh, was educated at the Western University of Pittsburgh and at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, in 1837, and located in Pittsburgh in 1861. He finally left tlle " old school' and embraced the " new, and continuLed to practice it with success until his death, about three years ago. M. W. Wallace, M.D., a native of Pennylvania, was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1862. He immediately returned to Allegheny City and entered into partnersip with Dr. J. F. Cooper, his former preceptor. He is now practicing by himself, with a large degree of success. C. M. Dake, M.D., a native of the State of New York, received his doctorate from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1856. He practiced medicine for many years before in the other school, in his native State, and removed to Pittsburgh in 1863. He was the successor of his brothers, Drs. D. M. and J. P. Dake, until 1866, when he removed to Rochester, New York, near where he died three years ago. He was a practitioner of decided views, and will be long remembered for professional success. Wm. R. Childs, M.D., a native of Pittsburgh, and formerly a student in the office of Dr. J. P. Dake, was graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1860. He pursued his medical studies at Jefferson College and the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1863. He located in his native city, and was one of the founders of, and afterwards surgeon in, the Fourth Avenue Dispensary of 1866. He is yet comparatively young and active in his profession. Dr. David Cowley is a native of Pittsburgh. He studied in the office of Dr. Dake, and was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1853. After practicing in Philadelphia for eight years, he came and located in his native city, and is now at East Liberty at his post of labor. P. D. Liscomb, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1867. He practiced in Birmingham for several years, and then in Pittsburgh, and removed in 1869 to Beaver County, where he still remains in active practice. Thomas Hewit, M.D., a native of England, and a graduate of the Cleveland Homoeoopathic Medical College of 1857, located in Allegheny City in 1864, where he practiced until his death, about two years since. Dr. L. M. Rosseau, a native of Lower Canada, and a graduate of Bowdoin College, Maine, of the class of 1846, came and located in Pittsburgh with his brother-in-law, Dr. Cote, in 1865. Of French descent, urbane and polite, an accomplished scholar, he has, in his quiet way, called to his practice an extensive patronage. He is now in an office by himself on Penn Avenue. Charles H. Lee, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1864. He located and conmmenced the practice of homoeopathy at Aetna Borough, Allegheny County, where he remained until 1867; when he took the position of resident physician to the Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary of Pittsburgh. The next autumn he resigned this position and removed to Tarentum, where he is still in successful practice. J. P. Harvey, M.D., also a native of Pennsylvania, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1865. In 1866 he located in Allegheny City. Early in the same year his failing health compelled him to relinquish his growing and promising practice, and return to his native home in Bucks County, where he died in July of the same year. B. F. Dake, M.D., an alumnus of Union College, New York,his native State, was graduated from the Western Homoeopathic College of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1862, and after practicing in his native county for four years, came to Pittsburgh in 1866, and succeeded to the practice of Dr. C. M. Dake, with whom he had a short professional partnership. His success is abundant proof how well homoeopathy is sustained at his hands. He is noted for his independent and liberal deportment in his profession. and opened an office with his former preceptor. Dr. C. Bayer. Drs. Bayer and Cooper were to Allegheny and homoeopathy what Drs. Reichhelm, Dake, Cote and Hoffman were to Pittsburgh pioneers. Many others have since followed in their footsteps, but more to gather than to sow. Under the preceptorship of these early and faithful ones has sprung up a goodly army of disciplined and well-equipped soldiers in the cause, who have gone forth to fight the battles of the sugar pellet in this and other localities. Dr. Cooper is still at his post of duty in Allegheny City, also full of honors and of years. In 1853, Dr. Frederick Taudte, a native of Germany came to this country and located in Birmingham across the Monongahela River from Pittsburgh, then quite a small part of the suburbs. He is a graduate of the German University of Halle. He is still where he began, and doing credit to himself and honor to his school of nledicine. Dr. T. R. Moore received his doctorate from the Philadelphia Homoeopathic College of Medicine and located in Allegheny City in 1853. He afterwards removed to St. Louis, and but little more is remembered of his history. Dr. J. A. Blanchard graduated at the Cleveland Homoeopathic College in 1854, and soon after located in Pittsburgh. He was related by marriage to the family of Dakes, and his wife, also, was a graduate of the Cleveland College, ancl assisted him in his practice. He was at one time, for a short period, located at McKeesport,. He afterwards removed to Rochester, New York, where he died, about 1868. His former wife afterwards resumed practice in the State of Michigan. Dr. J. C. Burgher attended at and graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1854. He is a native of Ohio. Shortly after his graduation he located at Pittsburgh, and opened an office with his former preceptor, Dr. Dake. After three years he opened an office by himself. He has taken an active part in organizing many homoeopathic enterprises, among, which is the Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary of Pittsburgh, where he is still among the prominent representatives of homoeopathy. James A. Herron, a native of Pittsburgh and a student of Dr. J. P. Dake, also a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, class of 1856, settled soon after at Pittsburgh. He was at one time, during the late war, provost-marshal. He belonged to the numerous family of Herrons, and was widely known hereabouts as a wide-awake and fearless champion of homoeopathy. He was one of the originators of the Fourth Avenue Dispensary, in 1866, and was one of the attending surgeons. He died suddenly, in 1868, at the old family homestead, near Minersville. In 1852, Dr. F. W. Skiles was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College, of Cleveland, Ohio, and located in Pittsburgh in 1858. He married the daughter of Dr. D. M. Dake, who assisted her husband largely in his practice. Dr. Skiles was in company with Dr. D. M. Dake for a period of about four years, located on Fourth Avenue. He is now located in Brooklyn, New York. His wife was a graduate of the Homeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, and many in this vicinity will remember with how much coolness and command she assisted her husband and her father in their practice. J. S. Rankin, M.D., a native of Ohio, and a fomer student of J. P. Dake, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1858. He first located at Carlisle, Pennsylvania; from there he came to Allegheny City and located the same year. After tbree and a half years he crossed the Allegheny River and opened an office in connection witl Dr. Cote. He has for a number of years had an office by himself, and is still an honorable and active member of the profession; located on Grant Avenue, Pittsburgh. Dr. F. B. Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1859. He settled in Allegheny City, where he has been mostly in practice since, until the spring of 1876, when he removed to Pittsburgh, where he now has an office. Dr. George S. Forster is a native of Pittsburgh, and a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1859. In the same year he opened an office in East Liberty, Allegheny County. Pa. In 1861 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the Thirteenth Regiment of Infantry, Pennsylvania Volutnteers, and served for three months. On his return he located in Pittsburgh, but soon after removed to Meadville, Pa., where he practiced until 1865, when he returned and entered into company with Dr. C. M. Dake. Shortly afterwards he removed to Ohio. Dr. Wm. J. Church, a native of Pittsburgh, graduated at, the Pennsylvania Homoeopathic Medcial College in 1858. He entered immediately into partnership with his brother-in-law. and preceptor, Dr. J. P. Dake, with whom he continued in practice until 1862, when he died. Dr. W. C. Boreland, a native of Allegheny City, also a relative and student of Dr. J. P. Dake, was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of PennI 99 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. J. H. Buffum, M.D. is a native of Pittsburgh. He was a student in the office of Dr. McClelland, and graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1873, since which he has been in successful practice in his native city. R. E. Caruthers, M.D., a native of Allegheny County, and a student of Dr. Willard, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1873, and located immediately after in Allegheny City, where he is still in practice with his former preceptor. J. B. Chantler, M.D., a native of Allegheny County, studied medicine in the office of Dr. Willard, and was graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1873. He settled in Allegheny City, and after one year's practice removed to Sewickley, where he is now successfully following the duties of his profession. R. Ramage, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in the class of 1872, and located in Sharpsburg, where he remained for one year, when he removed to Pittsburgh, and has practiced there and in Allegheny since. J. G. Thompson, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Cleveland Hospital College, Ohio, in 1871. He practiced at Columbiana, Ohio, and then came to Allegheny City and practiced one year, when he returned to Columbiana, 0hio. Millie J. Chapman M.D., a native of Crawford County, Pennsylvania, graduated at the Cleveland Hospital College, Ohio, in the class of 1874, and settled in Pittsburgh shortly after, and is gaining a good practice. J. S. Crawford, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, and former student of Dr. J. C. Burgher, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1875, and comnenced practice in the office with his preceptor. He remained in Pittsburgh for one year, when he removed to Greensburg, Pennsylvania, to continue the practice of his profession. John J. King, M.D., a native of Pittsburgh, was graduated from the University of Nashville, Tenn., in 1874. He came and located in Allegheny City, in the office with Dr. J. F. Cooper, the same year. O. R. Shnnon, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Cleveland. Hospital College, Ohio, in the class of 1874, and soon after settled in Allegheny City where he is gaining a good practice. W. F. H. O'Keefe, M.D., a native of the State of New York, and student of Dr. B. F. Dake, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of New York City in 1875, and located in the " Diamond," Allegheny City, where he has founded and opened the Allegheny Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, for the benefit of the worthy poor. In connection with this he is buildin, up a fine pharmacy and private practice. Stephen Woods, M.D., a native of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1875, and is located and practicing, in the city of Pittsburgh. T. Morris Strong,, M.D., graduated at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1871. He practiced in Flint, Michigan, and Aurora, New York, until 1875, when he came to Pittsburgh and opened an office at Shady Side, where he now is. W. H. Kern, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1874, and is located at McKeesport, where he has a good practice. D. M. Graham, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduate and practitioner of the other school at Braddock's, commenced to investigate homoeopathy under the direction of Dr. B. F. Dake, in 1874. He adopted the new system, and is building up a good practice among his former patrons at his old home in Braddock's Field, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. E. W. Dean, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, and former student in the office of Dr. D. Cowley, is a graduate of the Hahnemann College of Pennsylvania, of the class of 1875. He is located at East Liberty, is active in directing a dispensary at the place, and has a fair practice. W. F. Dill,M.D., a native of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, studied medicine in the office with Dr. Willard, graduated at the St. Louis Homoeopathic Medical College, and located in Pittsburgh in the spring of 1876. Besides the above who represent homoeopathy in the County, there have come and gone many others whose names and history are unknown to the writer, but who have added material aid to the success of the school in the County. Such is the history of homoeopathy in Allegheny County. J. E. Barnaby, M.D., a native of England, came to this country in 1842. He placed himself under the guidance of Dr. J. P. Dake, and was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1866, and located in Allegheny City, where he labored in a successful practice until the summer of the following year, when his feeble health compelled him to relinquish his practice and seek the congenial climate of Florida; but he died ten days after his arrival at Key West. L. H. Willard, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and in 1866 located in Pittsburgh as resident physician in the Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary. In 1867 he resigned this position and removed to Allegheny City, and entered into company with Drs. J. F. Cooper and M. W. Wallace. At the end of about one year be opened an office by himself on Arch and Ohio Streets, where he now is. He has quite an extensive reputation as a surgeon. J. H. McClelland, M.D., a native of Pittsburgh, was also a former student in the office of Drs. J. P. and C. M. Dake, and was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1867. He afterwards opened an office with Dr. J. C. Burgher, on Penn Street, remaining in partnership about three years, when he removed by himself, and is now practicing with marked success at his old residence in Pittsburgh. He has quite a reputation and success as a surgeon, and is intimately identified with the Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary. C. P. Seip, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania and a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1868, first located at Canton, Ohio, but two years later came back to Pittsburgh and entered into practice in connection with Dr. Hoffman his former preceptor, and his father-in-law, and with whom he is still practicing with ability and success. James P. Crooks, M.D., a native of Allegheny County, and for five years a student of Dr. B. F. Dake, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1869. He settled in Pittsburgh in what is called Lawrenceville, and soon acquired a very respectable practice. But he had inherited the elements of that fell destroyer, consumption, and was obliged to relinquish his bright hopes and betake himself to a more genial climate. He visited Florida in the winter of 1870-71, but was too far gone to receive much benefit, and, returning in the summer, died in October following. William Wilson, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, received his doctorate at the Homoeopathic College of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1870. He practiced his profession in Allegheny City until he removed to Iowa, where he still resides. D. L. Starr, M.D., a native of Connecticut, commenced the practice of homoeopathy in Allegheny City in 1870, and still continues. His office is on Arch Street. W. H. Boardman, a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1871. He succeeded to the practice of Dr. Crooks at Lawrenceville, where he now is. T. C. Wallace, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, was graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1868. He first located at Rochester, Pennsylvania, but about three years ago removed to Allegheny City, and located in what was formerly known as Manchester, where he still remains. Dr. Shilling, a native of Denmark, and a graduate of the University of Copenhagen, has been practicing, homoeopathy in Birmingham for several years. Robert L. McIntyre, M.D., a native of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, was graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1870, and shortly after located in his native city, where he is successfully practicing his profession. J. C. Kennedy, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1871, and soon after located in Birmingham, where he is still practicing. C. D. Herron, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, and a former student in the office of Dr. McClelland, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in the class of 1871, and located in Lawrenceville, where he still practices. H. W. Fulton, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in the class of 1872, and shortly afterwards located at East Liberty where he is enjoying a successful practice. C. F. Bingaman, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, graduated at the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1871. He soon after located in Pittsburgh, and has since been practicing in conjunction with Dr. M. Cote. W. F. Edmundson, M.D., a native of Pennsylvania, was a student in the office of Dr. McClelland, and afterwards graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Pennsylvania, in the class of 1871. He afterwards opened an office in Baltimore, Maryland, from whence he returned to Pittsburgh during the year and opened an office, and is still practicing in the city.GEOGRAPHICALLY, the County of Allegheny is situated in the western part of Pennsylvania, between latitude 40' 15' and 40' 40' north; and between longitude 79' 40' and 80~ 20' west from Greenwich, or about three (3) degrees west from Washington. It contains an area of about seven hundred and fifty square miles. The County was organized September 24, 1788, from portions of Westmoreland and Washington, and in, 1789 another small addition was made from Washington County. As originally organized, the County included all the country to the northward, extending to Lake Erie. March 12, 1800 the Counties of Mercer, Butler, Beaver, Venango, Warren, Crawford, and Erie were organized, principally from Allegheny County; Beaver taking a portion from Washington, and Venango and Warren a small amount from Lycoming County. Lawrence County was organized March 20, 1849, from portions of Mercer and Beaver Counties. Allegheny County includes within its borders the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela, and also that of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers. The three principal rivers divide the County into three natural subdivisions; the portions lying, north of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers, and south and west of the Ohio and Monongahela. being, of nearly equal size, while the portion lying between the Allegheny and Monongahela is somewhat smaller. The latter portion, however, includes the main city of Pittsburgh, and is exceedingly rich in historic matter, having within its borders the sites of all the old fortifications, and Braddock's and Grant's battle-fields. Along, the principal water-courses the bluffs rise majestically to a height of from four hundred to six hundred feet, in many places very precipitous; and the intervening country is most agreeably diversified by hill and vale, with much,comparatively level land, well adapted to agricultural pursuits, and particularly fitted for the production of various kinds of fruit. Originally, the County was heavily timbered with a great variety of deciduous trees, prominent among them being, several kinds of oak, maple, hickory, and beech, with linden elm, sycamore, walnut, chestnut, ash, locust, mulberry etc., and here and there small quantities of pine and hemlock. The smaller streams include the beautiful Chartier's Creek (probably named from Peter Chartier, a half-breed trader, once quite prominent in this region), Turtle, Peters, Bull, Deer, Pine, and Plum Creeks; and Montour's, Flagherty's, Sewickley, Sawmill, Street's, Catfish, Lowrie, and Squaw Runs. The rivers contain many beautiful and fertile islands, among which are Neville and Montour's, in the Ohio; the former about five miles in length, and covered with splendid farms, and the latter also highly cultivated and beautiful; Herr's Island and others, in the Allegheny. The scenery along these streams is greatly diversified and interesting, and the Valley of the Ohio, from Pittsburgh to Beaver River, is unsurpassed in the world for beautiful and picturesque variety of landscape. The Allegheny River was long known as the Ohio, and the Monongahela was considered merely as a branch of the former stream. Springs of pure water abound in all parts of the County, which is admirably adapted to the dairy business and stock-growing. The County is at present divided into sixty-eight civil subdivisions, to wit: the two Cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, eighteen Boroughs, and forty-eight Townships. A carefully-prepared history of each of these subdivisions, going back to the earliest times, will be found under appropriate headings in this work. Allegheny County was originally principally settled by Scotch-Irish immigrants, partly from Europe and partly from the older-settled portions of Pennsylvania and other Eastern States; but in later years many German, English, and Welsh settlers came in, the two latter attracted principally by the manufacturing and mining, business. Up to the close of the Revolution, the settlements progressed very slowly, but subsequently immigration poured in rapidly, and the growth of the County has since been steady and continuous. The population since, at stated periods, has been as follows: in 1790, 10, 309; in 1800, 15,087; in 1810, 25,317; in 1820, 34,921; in 1830, 50,552; in 1810, 81,235; 1850 (not obtainable); in 1860, 178,831; in 1870, 262,204; in 1875, about 300,000. The history of the earliest settlements will be found in the general history of the County, and in the various township and borough sketches, which have been prepared after a great amount of research and expense. From a wilderness, the region comprising the present County of Allegheny has been transformed into a highly-cultivated and flourishing section of country, having all the appliances and luxuries of civilization, and representing in natural and acquired wealth, in industry and frugality, in education and refinement, in manufactures and commerce, and in all these elements which go to make the sum total of human progress and happiness, one of the most prosperous communities to be found in this or any other country. For a more particular description of all the great industries, public institutions, railways commerce.,see under proper headings in the body of the work. Allegheny County is situated partly in the purchase of 1768, and partly in that of 1784, all north of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers being in the latter, and all south of them in the former purchase. GEOLOGICAL.-Allegheny County lies in the bituminous coal basin of Pennsylvania, which is divided into upper and lower measures; that portioll of the County lying south of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers being in the upper, and the portion lying north of those streams in the lower measures. Geologically speaking, the subterranean floor of Pennsylvania is formed of granite mica slate, and marble, lying at various depths beneath the surface, from a thousand to twenty thousand feet. Beneath the Anthracite and Broad Top coal basins wells might be sunk to the depth of more than seven miles before reaching the former surface of the continent. Such wells would then begin to penetrate the same rocks which form the Adirondack Mountains of New York, the mountains of Labrador and Canada, the hill country of Lake Superior, the Black Hills, the Central Ridges of Utah, some of the hills of southeastern Missouri and Arkansas, the Black or Smoky Mountains of North Carolina, the Blue Ridge of Virginia, the South Mountain of southern Pennsylvania, the Durham Hills of eastern Pennsylvania, the Highlands of New Jersey and southeastern New York, and some of the hill country of Massachusetts and Maine. Everywhere these rocks are characterized by the presence of immense beds of magnetic and specular iron ore, and by being largely made up of feldspar and minerals containing iron. No doubt vast deposits of iron ore, exactly like those of Lake Champlain and Lake Superior, exist beneath every county in Pennsylvania, but at depths which render thein inaccessible. It is equally certain that the range of these rocks, which still shows itself from Easton to Reading, and from Carlisle to Harper's Ferry, was in that early day a range of mountains as high or higher than the Alps or Andes are now; that Canada and North Carolina were regions as high, as craggy, and as charged perhaps, with snow and ice, as the Caucasus or Thibet is to-day. The poverty of silica in these rocks, and the abundance of feldspar, made their erosion easy and rapid; their peaks were tumbled piecemeal into the ravines, the ravines were deepened and widened into valleys, until nothing has remained of all that was above water-level but what the traveler now beholds. Standing, like islands in a general ocean, their fragments were rolled by rivers into it, forming the conglomerates and coarser sandstones of the Paleozoic system along, their coasts, while their finer mud was floated far out to sea. No doubt, during this long, process, earthquakes, in less or greater intensity, produced frequent minor changes in the depth of the waters, the height of the lands, and the course of the shore lines. But no substantal difference was effected. The ocean bottom went on subsiding as it received formation after formation upon it, from the begining, to the end of the long, Paleozoic era, winding up with the deposits of the coal measures. Then the second great change took place. The ocean no longer deepened. The continent rose in the air. All further deposits became impossible, The wet masses of Paleozoic strata were thrown into waves 9 GEOGRAPHCAL AND GEOLOGICAL.100 -HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. BOARD of DIRECTORS. A. M. Brown, T. S. Mitchell, C. Coleman, W. J. Kountz, J. Vannote, Alex Nimick, Robert Munroe, S. T. Owens, James Johnson, J. H. Walter, W. D. Wood, A. Hartupee. THE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. In the great International Exposition at Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and vicinity make a good display, especially in the line of various productions of iron, steel, etc. Among the prominent exhibitors areE. J. Dashbach, Pittsburgh.-Gas machines, with automatic carburetter. Armstrong,, Brother Co., Pittsburgh.Cork-cutter and tapering machinery. A. Garrison Co., Pittsburgh. -Chilled rolls, for rolling metals. Manufacturers of chilled and sand rolls, ore and clay pulverizers, Haskin's patent double spiral pinions, etc. Emerson Stone Saw Co.,Pittsburfh.-Diamond circular stone saw and machine. This machine took the gold medal (highest honor) at the Cincinnati Exposition of 1874, and at the Pittsburgh Industrial Institute, 1875. W. W. Grier, Hulton.-Exhibits his celebrated hydraulic ram sentinels. Dexter Spring, Co., Hulton. Carriage spring in connection with fifth wheel. Jones Laughlin, American Iron Works, Pittsburgh.--Exhibit a great variety of bar, sheet, and plate iron, " T" rails, shafting,, etc. S. D. Hubbard, of Pittsburgh.-Steam pump. Evans, Dalzell Co., Pittsburgh.-Exhibit a great variety of boilers, oil-well radiators, artesian and hydraulic tubing, wrought-iron pipe, coils, sockets, nipples, and fancy designs. Porter,Bell Co., Pittsburgh.-Exhibit a narrow-gauge passenger locomotive and tender. The Westinhouse Air Brake Co., Pittsburgh.-Make a fine display of their celebrated automatic and vacuum brakes, air compressors, speed indicators, engines, engine governors, etc. Culmer Spring Co., Pittsburgh.--Exhibit springs in great variety for railway purposes. Spiral draft, bolster, journal, equalizing bar, brake release, smith, and valve springs. A. French Co., Pittsburgh.-Elliptic spring,s for cars and locomotives. Under the heading of " Machinery and Apparatus especially adapted to the requirements of the Exhibition," the firm of Jones Laughlin, Pittsburgh, are listed as furnishing "shafting, pulleys, and hanggers, for driving Centennial Machine Shop tools." CHAPTER XXI. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES. THESE two words cover a vast field of human enterprise, including, in fact, all departments of labor and every.variety of trade and traffic conceivable to the human mind. It is somewhat difficult to arrive at a correct estimate of the amount in dollars and cents of the immense volume of business transacted in Allegheny County, but the aggregate will not probably vary materially from two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000). Manufactures is of course the leading interest. In this department, according to the census of 1870, there were 1844 establishments in Allegheny County, employing 34,228 persons (29,139 males over sixteen years of age, 1723 females over fifteen, with 3366 youth of both sexes), with 595 steam-engines of 40,720 horse-power. The aggregate wages paid to employees amounted to eighteen million dollars ($18,000,000). The capital invested reached fifty-four Millions ($54,000,000), no doubt a low estimate, and the value of raw material is given at fifty-two millions ($52,000,000), while the total products of manufactured goods aggregated ninety million dollars ($90,000,000). The various industries representing investments exceeding one million dollars each were: Brass founding and finishing,, $1,260,500; coal oil, rectified, $1,951,533; - cotton goods, $1,050,000; drugs and chemicals, $1,611,500 gas, $1,010,000; glassware, $4,660,800; various kinds of iron, $20,000,000; lumber, $1, 300, 000 - engines, boilers, and machinery, $2,300,000 - liquors, $1,500,000; steel, $2 000,000. The live-stock business is credited with sales during 1875 amounting to thirty four million dollars ($34,000,000), and the coal trade for the present year, 1876, will probably reach fifteen million dollars ($15,000,000). Merchandising in its various departments reaches high up among, the millions, the leading branches CHAPTER XX. THE PITTSBURGH AND CENTENNIAL EXPOSITIONS. THE TRADESMEN'S INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE, located in the city of Allegheny, near the " Point Bridge," was originated in 1875, and first opened in the fall of the same year. As its name indicates, it was organized and is mainly supplied by the trades, manufactures, and industries of Pittsburgh and Allegheny; and there is certainly no reason why these prominent manufacturing centres should not, by united effort and well-directed industry and energy, make these annual expositions a pronouneed success. A large and convenient building was erected the first year, and extensive additions in the way of a Machinery Department and Floral Hall have been added, giving ample space for the various industries to make a grand and even unrivaled display in the specalties for which Pittsburgh and its immediate vicinity is worldrenowned. Possibly it may not have been advisable, in view of the Centennial Exposition, to have opened the Institute the present year, but, when once determined upon, every manufacturer, tradesman, and artisan in Allegheny County should have given their best efforts to make it attractive and worthy the region it represents. Among the prominent articles on exhibition the present year we noticed the special steam-pump manufactured by A. S. Cameron, of New York; a fine engine, by Thomas Carlin Sons, of Allegheny, which furnishes motive power for the machinery; a good display by the West Point (Pittsburgh) Boiler Works, and a fine showing of agricultural implements, by Samuel Hare Son, and Messrs. Scobie, Reed Smith. The enterprising firm of L. Glesenkamp Co. exhibit a fine variety of carriages, phaetons, etc. The Cliff Mine Works, of Wellsville, Ohio, make a good display of terra-cotta goods in large variety. One of the most attractive things in the building, is the Chinese pagoda or tower, erected by the " Old Tea House" of D. M. Jenkins, with a tasteful display of their most excellent goods. A fine showing is also made by Maginn the celebrated manufacturer of the "Excelsior Crackers, which are shown in endless variety. Wm. Peoples, stair-builder, of Allegheny, shows a nicely-arranged variety of model stairways, spiral, zigzag, etc. neatly executed. In the line of sewingmachines, now a great household necessity, there appear to be only two represented: the Domestic and the English Leather-Worker. A good variety of Nelson's celebrated stained and ornamental glass is on exhibition in the north gallery. Joseph Horne Co., the well-known dry-goodshouse, make a fine display of woolen goods, yarns, etc. W. D. Wood Co. have a tasteful and well-arranged assortment of their celebrated planished sheet and iron goods; and Graff, Hugus Co. are present with a variety of grate-fronts, fenders and ranges, all in beautiful patterns and exquisite designs. S. Hamilton displays a choice variety of the most popular pianos, organs, etc.; and Thomas McFadden, the Fifth Avenue jeweler, makes a splendid display of fine jewelry and silverware. A very creditable collection of prepared animals, fishes, birds, etc., including lions, bears, panthers, wolves, hyenas, leopards, kangaroos, and a gigantic and fierce wild boar, from France, is shown by Mount Union College, Ohio. In the Department of Penmanship an endless and beautiful variety is exhibited by the Iron City and Duff's Business Colleges. One of the greatest attractions of the Ex position is Floral Hall, which is fitted up with a grand waterfall, rock-work, fountains, etc., by Messrs. Buchmann Patterson, and an exceedingly fine and most beautifully-arranged display of plants and flowers, in astonishing variety, by the enterprising firm of B. A. Elliott Co. These two films are, certainly entitled to great credit for the, attractive fitting up of this department. The collection of paintings in the Fine Art Gallery is quite extensive, numbering some three hundred, with many fine pieces, the most prominent of which is the scene from Hamlet. Altogether, the Exposition, while not as complete as could be desired, is still worthy the patronage and encouragement of the people. The following are the officers of the Institute: A. M. Brown, President; T. S. Mitchell, Vice-President; S. T. Owens, Treasurer; James Johnson, Secretary. EXECUTIVE COMMIITTEE. D. B. Morris, Chairman; James Johnson, Secretary; S. T. Owens, R. Mun roe, J. Vannote.101 being groceries, with annual sales of over ten million dollars, and dry goods, with sales exceeding eleven millions. Large amounts are also transacted in hardware, boots and shoes, liquors, drugs, proprietary medicines, iron commission, produce, pork, and cut meats, books and stationery, clothing, etc. In 1803, according to Thurston's work, " Pittsburgh and Allegheny in the Centennial Year," the entire commerce and manufactures of Pittsburgh amounted to $350,000. In 1808 there were 50 merchants; in 1817, 109; and in 1836, 250. It is no doubt an unpleasant truth that Pittsburgh in her devotion to manufactures has neglected her mercantile and commercial interests. We give an extract from the Chicago Bureau, as quoted by Mr. Thurston, which shows how the matter is viewed in other places: "Pittsburgh has always been, by its natural advantag,es and manufactories, a supply-point for the West, which has also been the chief market for its productions. We believe in a healthy competition as the life of progress and trade. Yet, when one visits these vast and varied factories; notes the natural union here of minerals and fuel; the ponderous combinations of machinery, skilled labor and capital, with the able and experienced brains at work in the management of the same, he is apt to think there can be little chance elsewhere for the same enterprises with much show of success. It is certain that there is small _probability of a discovery at any other point of similar combined advantages,for manufactures. Were we located at Pittsburgh, however, we should counsel her citizens not to continue the error they are at present guilty of: namely, a neglect of commerecial interests, while securing the supremacy in manufactures. The natural position of that city for trade is something wonderful to think of. Had it been properly improved, it would have given her to-day a population of half a million. As a depot for exchange and trans-shipment of the products that naturally come to her as a centre, she controls the Mississippi basin. There is no point alono, the frontier of the Atlantic States westward that is so commanding as a trade mart as that of Pittsburgh." The position is a natural gateway, not only with reference to the noble rivers that form an extensive system of inland navigation, but a glance at the map will at once convince any one that the great railway systems of the East and West are compelled by the topography of this region to centre at Pittsburgh in their passage from one section to the other. A thorough and systematic development of all its resources, natural and acquired, cannot fail to make this point permanently one of the greatest manufacturing and commercial inland centres in America. The following table* will give some idea of the magnitude and comparative condition at the present time of the leading branches of manufacture in Allegheny County: 3 0 155 103 31 434 30 100 840 3 7 508 179 2 24 32 (94 22 438 13 195 4,259 19 3 4 295 III 714 7,076 704 1,1.32 177 464 1,726 321 5 197 76 1 8 18 3 C, 2 73 109 344 510 1 142'2-7 32] 49 188 37 12 1 8 63 3 0 1 0 a77 1 0 7 376 245 25 151 39 64 461 5 1 256 5 6 1,009 45 5 1 77 464 328 189 5 i53 1 0 21 5 32 31 65 INDUSTRIES. Capital. $9,700 1,95 1,533 44,000 226,300 516,500 62,700 184,52 250,000 60,000 1,050,000 60,000 1,6.1,500 351,00 4,7000 4!700 328,500 29,000 387,350 15,000 1,010,000 4,660,800 14,500 6,000 8,000 296,900 96,50 1,J25,000 12,755,847 579,500 1,668,50 0 335M00 1,2.50, 000 2556,000 I0,000 659,300 263,700 15?000 26,000 290, 000 1,235, 386 259,300 1,056,60() 857,500 1,453,639 77,000 21 0,200 ] 25,700 60,120 7,700 150,000 10,00 48,000 175,000 30,000 890,00 3,500 10,000 571,000 282,592 25,000 133,7'32 59,000 92,00 768,500 140,00 208,146 293,000 1,830,400 200,000 65,000 125,200 451,62 297,300 1()3,315 7,000 85,200 9,M76 14,000 20,000 46,000 16,450 110,000 Wages. $7,100 198,82 4,500 90,150 62,20 5 11,400 224,064 25,000 18,000 l188,900 8,900 2,()00 3,000 168,699 157,000 50() 6,700 20,800 31,458 13,780 228,039 8,500 129,867 2,568,481 8,5(00 1,000 2 100 107,13(1 47,720 430,570 4,502,463 357 450 577'980 96,000 286,000 921,465 178,108 2,350 102,880 34,1263 6,30 9,000 20,900 142,685 58,625 220,549 230,821 575,597 11,679 198,278 31,000 80,888 7,050 6,000 8,40 0 30,350 10,800.3,407 63,500 6,000 3,000 31 6,221 110,495 20,000 65,679 24,100 27,700 244,892 41,864 1 52,568 31,566 753,841 60,000 45,000 34,367 179,274 89,954 61.,776 2,800 15,100 1,1285 5,500 2,500 18,000 1 0,688 17,000 BlMaterials. I Products. $;41,8e30 6,950,645 204)4000) 282,4(00 243,6930 51,900 783,706 276,000 125,000 1,205,360 145,000 23,500 15,000 1,322,00 384,900 1(),500 11,390 45,2(00 913,723 52,500 74,401 26s,570 4] 0,872 5, 8 02,49 2 56,040 i8,1 98 15,000 538,01 120,560 2,923,460 20,101,664 1,463,795 23,229,13 L 617,000 2,324)000 3,802,911l 717,670 113,50() 1,276,305 785,298 40,225 59,478 702,000 ].,317,978 506,800 1,06B7,353 924,216 2,027,357 254,915 414,477 81,600 ] 70,731 36,240 320,000 ] 8,000 91,100 31 7,000:1 9,000 1,281,320 8,500 15,000 825,845:332,596 59,363 222,128 75,233 1()5,400 1,39,534.174,48s1 434,539 385P62 3,485,413 200,00 303,000 72,570 781,211 630,325 231,075 10,000 1 02,000 22,51 9 ] 4,500 12,600 78,500 27,550 105,032 $23,755 5,543,471 190,960 92,6540 106,790 22,675 46S2,n 5 211,280 75,300 827,4 00 72,760 20,90() 4,000 475,5S0 178,360} 9,0sL5 1,845 12,717 746,866 29,400 318,700 10,7]-6 114,59D8 1,527,983 31,4124 ]13,928 10,000 258,4 31 45,690 2,356,190 13,190,125 82],5665 2,417,054 46)9,800 1,494,590 2,316,907 329,362 11,75() 1,020,0.53 699,092 28,49f3 21,6S60 287,744 584,779 2941,530 609,374 546,719 1,11 5,823 194,653 143,046 29,1 20 51,977 7,690 300,00() 6,000 43Y445 294,900 ] 2,595 829,203 1,200 7,100 276,227 l121,354 33,919 102Y636S 24,648 48,057 658,682 58,532 212,829 26)5,09'9 1,*717Y925 120,913 21t),314 ] 8,41-0 392, 1.75 188,010 71,278 3,700 55y64L5 1 2,858 3,888 4,786 41,500 5,840 115,500 Clothing, women's................. Coal-oil, rectified.................. Coffee and spices ground.......... Coffins................................... Coke..................................... Confectionery......................... Cooperage............................. Copper, rolled..................... Cork-cutting........................... Cotton goods........................... Crucibles................................ Curled hair............................. Drain-pipe............................. Drugs and chemicals................ Edge-tools an axes................... Fertilizers.............................. Files...................................... Fire-arms, small arms............. Flouring-mill products............ Frames, mirror and picture........ Furniture (not specified).......... iron bedsteads.......... Gas..................................... Glassware............................. Glue................................. Gold leaf and foil........... Grease and tallow....... Hardware (not specified)..... saddlery................... Iron, blooms........................... forged and rolled............. bolts, nuts, washers, etc..... nails and spikes, cut, etc.... pipe, wrought.................. pigs............................... castings (not specified)...... stoves, heaters, etc.. Kaolin and ground earths....... Leather, tanned.................. curried..................... dressed skins............. Lime..................................... Liquors, distilled..................... malt......................... Lumber, planed....................... sawed....................... Machinery (not specified)........ engines and boilers.. Malt..................................... Marble and stone-work (n. s.)... tomb stones.... Masonry, brick and stone......... Matches............................... Meat, packed, pork................ Meters, gas........................... Mineral and soda waters.......... Oil, vegetable, linseed............. floor-cloth........................ Paints, lead and zinc.............. Patterns and models.................. Plated ware........................... Printing, newspaper................. job......................... Roofing-materials.................. Saddlery and harness........ Safes, doors, vaults (fire-proof)... Salt.................... Sash, doors, and blinds....... Sasw s................... Ship building and repairing.... Soap and candles........... Steel, cast.................. forged.............. springs............. Stone and earthen ware....... Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware. Tobacco (not cigars) and snuff.. cigars............. Trunks, valises, and satchels.... Upholstery................ Vinegar................. Whips.................... Wire fabrics.............. Wooden ware.............. Wood, turned and carved...... Woolen goods 11 20 1 3 6 6 36 4 1 4 3 1 2 1 26 2 33 1 3S 32 2 1 1 9.3 7 33 5 1 0 3 4 37 15 15 3 3 40 1.41 31 1.9 31 3 9 3 17.3 4 2 1 14 15 28 3 9 26 2 15 8 6 11 2 7 so8 1:2 62 11 4 4 2 1 2 6 2 INDUSTRIES. Capital. Wages. Materials. Products. 9 o~ -I - 12 245 11 7 11 11 2 1 35 6 63 29 294 2 43 4 42 9 231 57 228 41 591 2 33 374 5 49 9 14 63 359 2 32 11 16 100 1 1044 Agricultural implements........... Bellows................................. Belting and hose (leather)......... Bleaching and dyeing............... Book-binlding......................... B3oots ailcd shoes.................. Boxes, paper........................ wooden.................. Brass-founding and finishing.... Bread and other bakery products. Brick................... Bridge-building............ Brushes.............................. Carpets, rag.......................... Carriages and wagons............... Cars, freight and passenger.... Chromos and lithographs...... Clothing, men's...................... $641n200 20,000 50,000 301,500 4,1 I00 2.31,9D00 13,500 65,200 1,260,a00 2633,1 00 5934,05() 262,500 67,700 8,450 405,165 45,000 1-]2,00 613,750 $136,79 3,400 5,250 20,666 181,89.5 1129,262 8 S561 21,533 1128,367 81.,215 251-,74S 215,500 16Y925 2,250 157,615 16,000 10,152 2981456 $163,387 8,930 141,656 74,91.5 231 (7 I79472 20,000 123,380 1603,650 311,704 1 483,869 558,448 48.155| 9,528 J.4i6^5o 48,500 6,000 641,6~39 $487,770 15,000 49,800 161)036 49,790 412,11 5 34,500 241,600 849,.991 503,025 646,687 8.35,628 73Y648 124,J45 478)948 98,360 26,000 1 1n191Y213 " From the Ninth Census of the United States, 1870. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.ALREADY the centre of population has shifted beyond the Alleghenies, and it is possible that within a few decades Illinois may base a claim to leadership upon a numerical superiority. There are reasons however, for believing that the focus of productive industry will be found in another quarter, and that Pennsylvaniaof which Pittsburgh, and in fact the whole of Allegheny County, is the prime centre-is destined to exhibit a preponderance of capital and influence in the second century of the Republic's existence. A reference to statistics will even indicate that the epoch is not far distant when Pennsylvania may venture, single handed, to cope with the resources of England. We propose, under the above caption, to give in readable form an accurate, but necessarily brief, historical and statistical sketch of each of the prominent manu- Si factures, classified under proper heads. Particular attention has been given to the triple industrial commodities of IRON, STEEL, and GLASS, and to the concomitant productions manufactured from the c two first-mentioned articles. Iron is one of the decisive factors of industrial civilization, and as such claims priority in our arrangement. Besides, it, is in reality the chief manufacture in this County, and the most essential adjunct of human industry. Next comes its more complicated agent, steel, with the manifold and various uses to which it is subjected. Equally important as a commercial commodity is glass, in the manufacture of which -as in that of the other principal industries -Pittsburgh has attained an enviable and deservedly prominent reputation. THE IRON TRADE. In consequence of its almost marvelous growth into the distinctive character of being the very heart of the iron, steel, and glass manufacturing interests of the country within the last twenty years, we presume no city in the Union has been made the subject of so much writing and publishing, on account of its representative character as an industrial centre, as Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its rise into a leading position in the list of places of relative importance in the commercial interests of the country, with much larger or more densely populated cities, t is indeed a matter for marvel. That to-day it is by far the foremost producing city of the United States in the triple lines of manufactures have named is a fact so patent throughout the length and breadth of the land as to render its repe- t tition pointless. But growing, as it has been especially within the last twelve or fifteen years, upon the rules of both arithmetical and geographical progression, it is ever fraught with fresh interest to the commercial men of the nation. Fifty years ago Pittsburgh was but a village, and possessed one little rollingmill, which, oddly enough, was situated upon one of its surrounding hills. At the present time there are in the city at least thirty large and representative ironworking mills, whose yearly consumption of iron amounts to between four and five hundred thousand tons,which, with that of the surrounding territory within the limits of Allegheny County, is more than one-fourth of the entire consump tion of that description of metal in the United States. These figures are easily understood when it is known that in the iron-mills of the city alone there are upwards of eight hundred puddling furnaces, the average production of each furnace being five hundred tons of pig-iron a year. The variety of forms into which this vast amount of metal is worked at the mills as articles of merchandise, for the service of the manufacturers of the thousand and one other articles of commerce the existence of which is based upon iron, may be chiefly enumerated as pig, bar, sheet, and hoop iron. The annual value of this form of the trade of the city alone is estimated at nearly forty million dollars. The number of operatives directly employed in the work of producing, this vast revenue is roughly estimated at from fifteen to twenty thousand, the average yearly wages of the workmen being nearly one thousand dollars. 102 The total number of rolling-mills in Pennsylvania is one hundred and thirtyeven. Of this number. forty-seven are in the Western District, of which Pittsburgh and Allegheny County have thirty-one. THE AMERICAN IRON WORKS. Perhaps the most extensive rollin--mills in the State, certainly the largest in Allegheny County, are those owned and conducted by Messrs. Jones Laughlin, The works are located on the south side of the city of Pittsburgh, and cover an area of seventeen acres. They were erected in 1852, and have been in uninterrupted operation from their establishment. The works consist of seventy-five, single puddling furnaces, thirty heating furnaces, eighteen trains of rolls) and seventy-three nail machines. Products: bar iron, nails, hoops, railroad spikes, plates, sheets, cold-rolled shafting, and eight- to forty-pound T-rails. Annual apacity, 50,000 net tons. There are 2500 hands employed at the American Iron Works and at the mines belonging to the firm. ELIZA FURNACE, Laughlin Company, proprietors, Pittsburgh. Two stacks, built in 1861; originally 45 by 12, but in 1873 and 1874 they were enlarged to 60 by 17, with a total yearly capacity of 36,000 net tons. ALLEGHENY AND MONONGAHELA IRON WORKS, Lewis, Oliver Phillips, proprietors, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. These extensive works were erected in 184 and 1866 respectively. They employ sixty single puddling furnaces, twelve heating furnaces, two rotary squeezers, and eight trains of rolls (two puddle, two sixteen-inch bar, one ten-inch bar, and three eight-inch bar trains). Products: bar-iron, round,,square, and oval, bands, and peculiar and odd shapes, bolts, nuts, washers, hinges, and other wrought hardware; annual capacity, 4000 net tons. The firm of Lewis, Oliver Phillips is the most extensive in its particular line of manufactures in Allegheny County, and among the largest in the United States. We are debarred from giving a more extensive notice of the concern on account of the failure of one of the gentlemen interested to furnish the- necessary data. THE PITTSBURGH IRON WORKS. These works were erected in 1833, and have been in constant operation ever since. During the earlier years of their history several changes occurred in the proprietorship of them, but the senior member of the present firm, Mr. Jacob Painter, has retained an interest in the concern from its inception. In 1862 his three sons entered into the copartnership, and in 1864 the firm became that of Jacob Painter Sons. One of the members is deceased, leaving only A. E. W. and Park Painter, with their father, the sole proprietors. The establishment is quite an extensive one, the works consisting of fifty-two single puddling furnaces, fifteen heating, furnaces, and thirteen trains of rolls (six 8-inch, three 10, one 12, one 16-, and two 20-inch). Products: principally oil, whisky, and trunk hoops, also hoops for pails, tubes, and wooden ware, cotton ties, locks iron, stone saws, merchant bands etc. Annual capacity, 24,000 net tons. Average yearly production, 22,000 net tons. UNION IRON MILLS. These mills were erected in 1862 by the present proprietors, the Messrs. Carnegie Brothers Co. The works are located on Railroad and Thirtieth Streets. They consist of twenty-one puddling furnaces, ten heating furnaces, seven trains of rolls, and one hammer. Products: beams, channels, tees, angles, plates, and bar-iron. Annual capacity, 27,000 net tons. They also own and conduct theKEYSTONE BRID lOE CO. WORKS, P/rTTSBURGH, PA. UNION IRON MILLS, CARNEGIE BROTHERS CO., P/ TTS3'U f IFGH, PA. AMERICAN iRON WORKS OF J.ONES LAUGHLINS, PiFTSBrsUGH, PA. LUCY FURNACES, CARNEGIE BROTHERS CO., P /TTSSU/RGIh, PA..MASONiC BANK, 13t SIiTHFIELD ST., iiT7SBURGH, PIA. A. FRENCH CO'S E'LLiPTI.C SPRi-NOWORKS,9 CGA'- GIF' Vi'F,v.F, 71RST? LfI'E'TY STS.., P,TTSBURiGHi. FWA%RMER~S MECHANICS SAVINGS BAN-K, SHARPSBURGH~,i PA.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANtIA. 103. Product: plates, sheets, guide-iron, bar-iron, light T-rails, and German and cast steel. Annual capacity, 12,000 net tons merchant iron,, 1500 tons tool steel, and 8000 tons of special steel, German steel, and iron centre cast steel for agricultural purposes. The firm have remodeled the steam department, having ta ken out the old boilers and put in new ones, also a new engine and other improvements, including five additional shears. In the horse-shoe department they have erected an additional machine, and also two steam hammers. Their works are as complete in all their appointments as and similar establishment in the County. They employ 527 men. THE SLIGO IRON WORKS. These works are among the oldest now in existence in Pittsburgh, having been established in 1825. The original proprietors of the works were Messrs. John Lyon and Robert T. Stewart, by whom the business was continued until 1828. In the latter year the firrn was changed to Barnet, Shorb Co., and so continued until 1831, when the business passed into the hands of Ryan, Shorb Co., who conducted the establishment up to 1873. The present firm, consisting of Messrs. Phillips, Nimick Co., became the owners of the works in 1873, and have very successfully carried on the business since. We present the following statistical matter, as showing the present condition of the Sligo Iron Works: They have twenty-seven puddling furnaces, ten heating furnaces, two hammers, and five trains of rolls (one 12, one 16, one 18, one 24, and one 30-inch). Product: bar, sheet, and plate iron, light T-rails, and puddled steel; fire-box iron a specialty; make "Sligo" bars and "Tyrone" refined iron. Annual capacity, 16,000 net tons. BYERS, M'CULLOUGH CO. The works of the above firm were built in 1862-63, by the members of the present firm. They conasist of twenty-six puddling furnaces, six heating furnaces, one scrap furnace, and three trains of rolls (one 16, one 18, and one 20-inch); also a pipe mill to make butt-welded gas, steam, and water pipe, and a galvanizing department. Product, bars, plates, sheets, shafting, and skelp-iron. Annual capacity, 15,000 net tons. WAYNE IRON AND STEEL WORKS. Our remarks elsewhere, declaring and setting forth the non-conflicting character of Pittsburgh's principal manufacturing establishments, which in substance are condensed from the statements of many of the most prominent manufacturers themselves, as gathered by personal interviews there, are most strikingly justified in the history and general merits of the Wayne Iron and Steel Works of MESSRS. BROWN CO. at the corner of Duquesne Way and Tenth Street. As the source of the "Wayne" and " U. S." brands of iron and steel, the concern is favorably known from one end of the country to the other, from North to South and from West to East. The " U. S." iron, which in bar is made flat, round, square, oval, half oval, and half round, and in boiler plate from 3-16ths of an inch thick upwards, is an especially favorite brand throughout the United States, and is warranted by its manufacturers " equal to any iron known." It is famous for its extraordinary toughness, and therefore for its better lasting nature in any class of service, particularly for boilers or fine work, and the form of its manufacture is, we believe, to some extent, a secret, though its basis is known to be the employment of a class of metal technically termed cold-blast charcoal iron, which is manufactured from the ore to the finished bar or plate by themselves, and used in a manner known only by the firm. The "Wayne," brands are chiefly of the following order: flat bar, horse shoe, heavy bands, light; bands, hoops, light T-rails, boiler rivets, rounds and squares, oval iron, half oval and half round, sheet, and all kinds of iron for the manufacture, of agricultural implements. Of their " U. S." steel they make fivre numbers, and each is warranted for the special class of work for which it is designed and sold. The tensile strength of the " U. S." plate is 75.712. The Wayne brands of steel are made up chiefly of German plow, German spring, tire, cast spring, safe cast, machinery cast, and all kinds of steel for agricultural implements. Of all grades of both brands of iron. and steel the producing capacity of the works is over 12,000 tons a year, though the usual annual production is about 7500 tons of iron and 3000 tons of steel. The work is mainly carried on in one immense building, measuring two hundred and forty feet in depth and three hundred feet in length, wherein are five trains of rolls, five steam engines, two large steam hammers, twenty-eight puddling furnaces, eight heating, furnaces, and twenty-four smelting holes. The business of this establishment originated at its present location, in 1829, LUCY FURNACE, which is located at Pittsburgh. There is one stack 75 by 20, first put in blast in May, 1872, closed top. Annual capacity, 41,000 net tons. Thomas M. Carnegie, President of the company (known as the Lucy Furnace Company); Henry Phipps, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer; and H. M. Curry, Manager. CLINTON AND MILLVALE ROLLING-MILLS. One of the most prominent iron rolling-mills in Pittsburgh is that of Graff, Bennett Co., who began their business in 1854, their works at the time being in South Pittsburgh, a nd their office in Water Street, Pittsburgh proper. The firm then consisted of John Graff, "James I. Bennett, William B. English, and R. H. Marshall. The character of their works was then as at present, namely, for the manufacture of iron and nails. They commenced operations with the determination to establish a trade upon the merits of their manufactures, and to maintain and support the reputation which excellence of merchandise and correct mercantile dealing should gain. Upon these principles they soon ranked among the representative concerns of Pittsburgh. About ten years ago Mr. English died, and the business has since been carried on by the surviving partners without change of firm name. In 1863, in consequence of the growth of their business, they erected additional works at Millvale, opposite the southern end of the Fortysecond Street bridge. In addition to their absolute ownership of these mills, they are also largely interested in the famous " Isabella" Furnaces, near Sharpsburg, which are among the most extensive furnaces in the world, in all their various appointments; one of which alone has been worked up to a capacity of weekly production of pigiron to the amount of 700 tons. They are likewise largely interested in three furnaces located in Ohio, besides possessing considerable interests in various local enterprises extraneous to their regular line of tracle. We annex the subjoined statistical data from the annual report of the American Iron and Steel Association for 1876: Clinton Millvale Rolling-Mills, built about 1841; forty-one single puddling furnaces, six Danks puddling machines, seventeen heating furnaces, eleven trains of rolls, forty-one nail machines and one hammer. Product: bars, sheets, plates, and nails. Annual capacity, 20,000 net tons. Average make, 20,000 net tons. Clinton Furnace, Graff, Bennett Co.; one stack 45 by 12, built in 1859. Annual product, 12,000 net tons. Isabella Furnaces, Isabella Furnace Company, Etna; two stacks, 75 by 18 and 75 by 20, built in 1872, closed tops. Annual capacity, 75,712 net tons. Benjamin Crowther, manager. JUNIATA IRON WORKS. These works were built in 1824, and considerable additions were made thereto in 1857. It is one of the oldest, if not the oldest establishment in Pittsburgh. The original founder of the firm was Dr. Peter Shoenberger, who started the concern in 1824, and continued the business until 1840, when he was succeeded by his two sons, George K. and John H. Shoenberger, the present owners of the ground upon which the works are erected. These gentlemen have no connection with the business now, having retired from active participation in it at the formation of the present firm in 1853. Some immaterial change have occurred in the firm since its organization, owing to the admission of new members. The son of one of the owners of the property is the head of the firm, constituting the third generation that has operated the Juniata Iron Works from 1824 to this time. The iron works consist of twenty-nine, single puddling furnaces, eight heating furnaces, one annealing furnace for sheet-iron, one pair heating furnaces for sheetiron, six furnaces for heating nail-plates, one furnace for annealing nails, eight hammers, and six trains of rolls (two train muck, one 16-inch bar, one 8-inch bar, one sheet train, and one nail-plate train), and ninety-two nail machines. Product: nails, sheet- and plate-iron, horse and mule shoes, and horse-shoe bar. Annual capacity, 18,000 net tons. They also own and operate the SHOENBERGER FURNACES, Shoenberger, Blair Co., Pittsburgh; two stacks, 62 by 13, built in 1865, closed tops. Total annual capacity, 28,000 net tons. FORT PITT IRON AND STEEL WORKS were organized in 1862, by a firm among whom were the present proprietors. The works are located on Thirty-second and Allegheny River, and the office at the corner of Thirty-second ancl Penn Streets. They comprise twenty-two puddling furnaces, fifteen heating furnaces, seven hammers, one fusing disc, two 24-pot Siemens steel, melting furnaces, four shingle-strip machines, two horse-shoe machines, and seven trains of rolls (22-inch muck train, 22-inch sheet-steel train, 9inch steel train, 16-inch bar, 8-inch guide, and 8-inchl- hoop); also a spring factory, with full set of machinery for making spiral springs for railroad cars.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 104 at the hands of the firm of Mason Co. It has since undergone three additional proprietary titles, as follows: Miltenberger Brown, Bailey, Brown Co., and Brown Co. VESUVIUS IRON WORKS are located at Sharpsburgh, on the Allegheny River, five miles above the city of Pittsburgh. The original firm, consisting of George Lewis, James O'Hara, and J. C. Lewis, was organized under the name of Lewis, O'Hara Lewis, in 1845, and began operations in 1846. In the following year Mr. O'Hara withdrew, and Mr. Robert Dalzell took his place in the firm, the style of which became Lewis, Dalzell Co. The premises embrace thirteen acres of land, lying along the Allegheny River, and traversed by the West Pennsylvania Railroad, from which side tracks extend directly into the mills,affording the greatest facility for receiving and shipping. Starting with eight puddling furnaces and two sets of rolls, the capacity of the works has been steadily increased, till at present they employ twenty-four puddling furnaces, ten heating furnaces, six trains of rolls, and fifty nail machines. The articles manufactured are merchant bar, sheet, hoop iron, and nails. They also make a specialty of cold-rolled sheet iron and patent dipping broad and tin pans. The company manufacture their own kegs. The coal used at these works is taken from the company's own mine, at Hite Station, thirteen miles distant, on the West Pennsylvania Railroad, where, in connection with Spang, Chalfant Co., they own three hundred and fifty acres of coal territory. The works furnish employment to 375 hands, exclusive of the coal miners, and the annual capacity of the works is 12 000 net tons. The company have a warehouse of their own, on the corner of Anderson and Railroad Streets, Allegheny City, into which cars are run directly from the works without breaking bulk, a convenience rarely to be met with, even in Pittsburgh, where exceptional facilities exist for shipping. George Lewis died in 1863, and the firm then became Lewis, Bailey, Dalzell Co., by the admission of J. E. B. Dalzell, L. W. Lewis, and A. MeD. Bailey to the partnership. In 1875 Messrs. Bailey and J. E. B. Dalzell retired from the concern, leaving the present members constituting the firm, J. C. Lewis, Robert Dalzell, and L. W. Lewis, under the old style of Lewis, Dalzell Co. PITTSBURGH FORGE AND IRON COMPANY. The works of this corporation are located on the Ohio Ptiver, in the Ninth Ward of Allegheny City. The company was organized in 1864, incorporated by the laws of the State, and the works erected the same year by the present company. The President of the concern is W. W. Speer; Secretary and Treasurer, James H. Murdock. The works are well supplied with Shipping facilities, being situated on the line of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne Chicago Railroad. The establishment employs fifteen single puddling furnaces, seven heating furnaces, three trains of rolls, and three hammers. Products: (1 ) bar, rod, band, hoop, oval and half-oval iron, fish plates, and track bolts, and (2) hammered car and locomotive axles, railroad, steamboat, and machine forgings capacity yearly, (1) 13,000 not tons, (2) 2000 tons; average yearly production, (1) 8500 tons, (2) 1500 tons. Number of hands employed, 250. ETNA ROLLING MILLS of which Spang, Chalfant Co. are the proprietors, are located at the borough of Etna, five miles above Pittsburgh, on the Allegheny River. The works were founded in the year 1828, by H. S. Spang, and they then only employed about 50 hands. In 1837 the firm became Spang, , Co., consisting of C. F. Spang, James McAuley, and Joseph Long. At the end of a year the latter gentleman retired, but the style of the firm remained unchanged until 1858, when the present copartnership, consisting of C. H. Spang,, J. W. Chalfant, C. B. Herron, and George A. Chalfant, succeeded. Their business is the manufacture of merchant bar, nails, boiler plate, and wrought-iron tubes. They were the first to attempt the manufacture, of wrought-iron tubes west of the Allegheny Mountains, and they have kept pace with the improvements to the, present time. The mill employs twenty-four puddling furnaces, nine heating furnaces, and four trains of rolls (one 8, one 12, one 16, and one 18-inch). In 1873 the company erected an extensive mill at Etna Station, on the West Pennsylvania Railroad, which they intend to operate so soon as the demand of the trade will justify them in so doing. This mill has five Siemens puddling furnaces, one Siemens heating furnace, and two trains of rolls. Product (intended), similar to that of the old mill. An interesting feature about the company's mills is the utilization of Butler County gas for fuel. They were among the first to adopt this vast improvement, and they have expended large sums in the perfection of the mode of usage. They enjoy excellent facilities for receiving and shipping, a private track extending from the West Pennsylvania Railroad into their mills, which are less than half a mile distant; and their warehouse, on the corner of Sandusky and Railroad Streets, Allegheny City, is so arranged that the cars of three different railroads can be run directly into the building. The company mine their own coal, owning, in connection with Lewis, Dalzell Co., three hundred and fifty acres of fine coal land at Hite Station on the West Pennsylvania Railroad, fourteen miles distant. In fine, the general appointments of their extensive works compare favorably in every particular with the best of the manufacturing interests of Pennsylvania. THE ANCHOR NAIL AND TACK WORKS were originally established in 1837 by Elmer Chess, who conducted the business until 1845, when the works were totally destroyed by fire. The establishment was rebuilt, and the business continued by Campbell, Chess Co., under whose management it remained until 1850, in which year it was again burnt down. The works were rebuilt in what was then known as East Birmingham, now the Twenty-sixth Ward of the city of Pittsburgh. The firm then because Chess, Wilson Co., and remained as such until 1860, whem Mr. R. F. Smyth, one of the present members, entered into copartnership with Messrs. Chess, Wilson Co.; under the firm style of Chess, Smyth Co. The works consist of twenty single puddling, furnaces, five heating, furnaces, four trains of rolls, ninety nail machines, fifty tack machines, and one hammer. Product: nails, tacks, and brads; annual capacity, 10,000 net tons. UNION FORGE AND IRON MILLS. These extensive iron works were erected in 1860 by Messrs. Kloman Phipps, and continued under their control until 1865, when they became known as the "Union Iron Mills." Subsequently the firm owning them was Carnegie, Kloman Co., and the establishment was termed their lower mill. In 1873 the present firm was composed of Messrs. John K. Wilson, James R. Wilson, and John Walker, as general, and A. Carnegie, of New York, as special, partner, under the title of Wilson, Walker Co. The mills are located at Twentyninth and Railroad Streets, and consist of fifteen single puddling furnaces, six heating furnaces, four hammers, and five trains of rolls (one 18, one 15, and one 10-inch, and two "universal" plate trains). Product: railroad specialties and bridge work, angles and peculiar shapes, and bar iron; annual capacity, 9000 net tons. STAR IRON WORKS. These works were established on the lst of June, 1863, under the firm of Lindsay Whipple. In the following year, 1864, the firm was changed to its present title, that of Lindsay McCutcheon. The works employ fourteen puddling furnaces, four heating furnaces, and four trains of rolls. Product: hoop iron of all sizes, band iron, aad cotton ties; annual capacity, 8000 net tons. The firm emlploy at this time about 200 hands. The establishment is located at 98 Rebecca Street, Allegheny City. GLENDON ROLLING-MILL. The works of this concern are located in South Pittsburgh, and were established in 1857 by the present firm of Dilworth, Porter Co. They contain twentyfour single puddling furnaces, four heating furnaces, nine railroad spike machines, and five trains of rolls (two 8-inch, one 10, and two 16-inch). Product: railroad and marine spikes, railroad chairs, and fish bars and bolts; annual capacity, 10,500 net tons; average make, 8000 tons; number of hands employed, 200. SOHO IRON MILLS, of which Messrs. Moorhead Co. are the proprietors, were built in 1859. They contain twelve knobbling fires, eleven single puddling furnaces, six heating furnaces, four sheet furnaces, three pair furnaces, five trains of rolls (one muck and four sheet trains), and one hammer. Product: sheet and plate iron; annual capacity, 10,000 net tons; average make, 7500 tons. Works located Second Avenue, above Soho, Pittsburgh proper; branch office on Water Street. SOLAR IRON WORKS, of which William Clarke Co. are the proprietors, are located on the corner of Railroad and Thirty-fifth Streets, Pittsburgh. The premises contain about three acres of ground, and extend from the railroad to the Allegheny River. The business was established in 1869 by William Clarke, E. Clarke, his brother, and Charles Fownes, under the firm-name of William Clarke Co. Charles Fownes died in 1872, but his heirs retain his interest in the works, and the style of the firm has not been changed. The business from the first has been a success, and the works have been steadily increased. The works now contain seventeen single puddling furnaces, five heating furnaces, and five trains of rollsHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 105 (one 7, two 8, one 12, and one 18-inch). The production of these works is hoop, band, and scroll iron. Their capacity is 6000 net tons per annum, and, when in full operation, they furnish employment to 200 hands. The firm has succeeded in establishing an enviable reputation among their numerous competitors. THE KENSINGTON ROLLING-MILL of which Henry Lloyd, Son Co. are the proprietors, was originally erected in 1828, and continued in operation until 1845, when it was destroyed by fire. In 1846 it was rebuilt by Alexander Miller Son, who conducted the business until 1855, when the concern passed into the possession of Lloyd, Black Co. It continued under their joint management until 1873, when, owing to the decease of Mr. Black, the firm became Henry Lloyd, Son Co., as at present. The mill is located on the corner of Second Avenue and Try Street, Pittsburgh, and comprises sixteen-,single puddling furnaces, six heating furnaces, and four trains of rolls. Product: merchant-bar, sheet, and plate iron, flat rails, and T-rails from twelve to thirty pounds to the yard; annual capacity, 6000 net tons; average yearly production, 5000 tons. PENNSYLVANIA IRON WORKS. The nucleus around which has developed these extensive rolling-mills was a forge built by Everson Company, in the year 1840. The establishment was erected for the purpose of manufacturing heavy hammered iron, and at it was made the first wrought-iron shafts used in the construction of steamboats navigating the Ohio. The company continued operations at the original works until 1852, when the rolling-mills at present owned and conducted by them were erected. The firm at that time became Eversonj Preston Company, and so continued until 1872, when Mr. Preston retired, and Mr. E. A. Macrum was admitted to the copartnership of the concern. The style of the firm is now Everson, Macrum Company. The works are located on Second Avenue, immediately above the bridge. The mills employ fourteen puddling furnaces, eight heating furnaces, and five trains of rolls (two sheet, one bar, one guide, and one muck train). Product: bar,sheet, and guide-mill iron; annual capacity, 6000 net tons; average annual make, 4000 tons. This company also owns and operates the large works known as the SCOTTDALE ROLLING-MILL, located at the borough of Scottdale, in Westmoreland County, which were built in 1871, and which consist of eleven single puddling, furnaces, four heating furnaces, and three trains of rolls. Product: muck, bar, and sheet iron; annual capacity, 5000 net tons; average annual make, 4000 net tons. CHARLOTTE FURNACE, located at Scottdale, Westmoreland County, is owned and run by Everson, Knapp, Co. One stack, 65 by 16, coke, built in 1872-73; -put in blast October 14, 1873; annual capacity, 13,000 net tons. M'KEESPORT IRON WORKS are owned and operated by W. D. Wood Co. The works are located at McKeesport, and the office of the company is at 111 Water Street, Pittsburgh. They were built in 1851. They comprise ten forge-fires, seven single puddling furnaces, sixteen heating furnaces, four trains of rolls, and four hammers. Product: sheet-iron, both common American and planished, in imitation of Russian annual capacity, 4000 net tons; average make, 3500 tons. EAGLE IRON WORKS. These extensive works were established about 1850, by James Wood Co., by whom they were controlled up to the time of the decease of the senior member, after which the interest came into the possession of Mr. Wood's sons, and was conducted under the firm name of " James Wood's Sons" until 1873, when these gentlemen made an assignment, and the works passed into the hands of the present firm of Mullin Maloney. The works are located on Saw-mill Run, South Side, and the office of the firm is on the corner of Duquesne Way and Cecil Alley, Pittsburgh. Product: bar and sheet iron. THE NATIONAL TUBE WORK COMPANY was organized several years ago, and first erected works at Boston, Massachusetts, Upon the border of the Charles River. Their premises include about three acres of ground, almost entirely covered with factory buildings, which, like those at McKeesport, are thorougly equipped with all the requisite appliances for the manufacture of the various styles of goods which the company make. The number of hands ordinarily employed at this establishment is about 450. But the unexampled growth of the company and the rapidly inereasining demand for their production rendering, the works at Boston wholly inadequate to supply the wants of the trade, it was determined, in 1872, to build a large mill; McKeesport, Pennsylvania, at the junction of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers, fourteen miles southeast of Pittsburgh, being, decided upon as its location. The premises occupied at McKeesport comprise eleven acres, to which additions are being made as necessity requires; of this area about nine acres are covered by the lap., weld and butt-weld mills, coupling and tapping department, pipe-screwing and finishing department, pattern and machine shops, blacksmith shop, tool shop, extensive store room, stock houses, foundry, boiler houses, enameling works, gas houses, etc. Railroad tracks running, directly into the east and west ends of the works reduce handling of material and finished work to the very lowest minimum; iron plates brought on cars to the east and being turned out perfect tubes at the west end, ready for loading on the cars. The company have their own locomotives and cars in numbers sufficient to ship their own goods as fast as manufactured. The works are completely equipped with furnaces of the most approved construction, machinery of the latest and best possible description, and every conceivable facility for the prosecution of the busiiness upon an extensive scale. The greater portion of the machinery used is covered by letters patent, owned by the company, precluding, its introduction into conpeting establishments, and in their general appointments the works are unsurpassed by any establishment of a similar kind in the world. The number of workmen employed at McKeesport averages about 900. From the proximity of the works to the coal regions of Pennsylvania, the indispensable article of fuel is procured at comparatively slight cost,-an item of no small consideration in the expense of production. The very best quality of American charcoal iron is used in the construction of tubing, and certain processes, employed by no other parties, enable this concern to produce goods of a quality that is entirely unequaled in this or any other country. The advantage resulting from their mode of manufacture consists in the production of perfectly clean, smooth pipe, even and uniform throughout, characteristics which will be readily appreciated by consumers. The leading specialities are lap-welded wrought-iron boiler- tubes, and steam,gas, and water pipe of the very best quality, and of all sizes that may be required, up to and including fifteen inches in diameter. We should here mention that this company is the only concern in the world which has facilities for producing lap-welded wrought iron pipe ancl boiler tubes of over ten inches diameter. Before leaving the works all tubing, of every description, is thoroughly tested by hydraulic presses, graduated in accordance with the strain to which the pipe will subsequently be subjected, and nothing is allowed to pass as satisfactory in which the most trifling flaw or slightest indication of weakness is discovered. This rigid supervision of finished work insures to customers the certainty of getting a sound and reliable article of tubing when purchasing, anything that bears the stamp of this company. A large department of the establishment is devoted to the manufacture of "Patent Protecting Couplings" of wrought-iron, so constructed as to work with ease and certainty, and, by a collar'extending over the entire thread on each end of the tube, it is preserved and reinforces the joint, making a perfectly tight joint, and proving extremely durable. Nothing superior to these couplings is procurable in the market. For bridge work they are particularly adapted. Besides this patent coupling, the company manufactures all sizes of wrought-iron couplings of the ordinary pattern. The company also make an improved style of tubing and casing for artesian, oil, and salt wells. Used in connection with their patent protecting coupling and patent smooth-barrel coupling, this tubing is the most effective article of the kind yet devised, and is very largely in demand in mining, and manufacturing localities, and the oil- and salt-producing districts of the country. Power bending rolls, plate-planing machines, hydraulic presses, steam engines, indestructible enameled pipe, Mack's patent injectors, pipe-screwing machines, pump columns and fittings of every description, are also included in the company's manufactures. THE CRESCENT TUBE WORKS of Evans, Dalzell Co. were established in 1866, and enjoy the reputation of being the first in the United States to construct pipe larger than eight-inch bore, and are, consequently, entitled to furnish the largest sizes turned out in America. They are now engaged in the manufacture of boiler flues, wrought from the best charcoal iron which they can supply, lap-welded. Their specialty of hydraulic and heavy tubing is well known throughout the country. Their display at the Pittsburgh Exposition was very creditable, particularly their heavy gas pipe, steam pipe, oil-well tubing, oil-well casing, glass-blowers' tubes, boiler flues, radator tubes,sockets, nipples, galvanized pipe, and everything actually coincident to a highly respectable tubing, company. Among the salient features ofCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 106 furnaces, and one cupola, capable of melting from forty to fifty tons per diem; also one steam crane,and five others,for lifting heavy castings; also crane ladles, holding from one to ten tons of fused metal. The machine shop, occupying the ground floor of a three-storied brick building, is 34 by 180 feet, and is furnished with lathes, by means of which the rolls are made ready for use; it contains eleven large lathes, one of which swings seven feet between the shears. There are also large planers, two large drill presses, an upright and a horizontal coring lathe, and a coring mill; the lathes will turn rolls varying from 4 to 36 inches in diameter, and from 6 inches to 10 feet in length. An additional machine shop, 60 by 40 feet, for fitting up, heavy rolling mill trains, is also furnished with a steam crane for handling heavy castings. The dimensions of the blacksmith shop are 42 by 25 feet. The pattern shop is in the second story, over the machine shop whose third story is used for storing light patterns. A separate two-storied building is filled with patterns of every description, placed there in order to protect them from fire. The rolls are in use throughout the United States, also in England, Belgium, Russia, and France. A. BRADLEY CO. are among the oldest stove and range manufacturers in Allegheny County, having commenced operations in 1836. The senior member of the present firm has been intimately and inseparably connected with the concern from its inception. They manufacture every description of stoves and ranges. Their works are located at the corner of Twelfth and Etna Streets, Pittsburgh. The number of hands employed is 125; and the annual value of manufactured product, $200,000. GRAFF, HUGUS CO. This firm was established in 1852, by a firm in which the senior member of the present one was interested. The works are located at the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Sedgwick Street, Allegheny City. They manufacture stoves, grate-fronts, ranges, warm-air heaters, horse-stable fixtures, and all castings for building purposes. There are 50 hands emlployed at the works, most of whom are experienced workmen. BISSELL CO. The first firm in Pittsburgh that entered into the regular manufacture of stoves was that of Arthurs and Nicholson. In the year 1826, they formed a copartnership in the machine foundry business, and, in 1830, bought a large shop and began manufacturing stoves. They continued this business together until 1847, when Mr.Arthurs retired, Mr. Nicholson carrying on the business alone until 1849, at which time he associated with him G. W. G. Payne, and the firm became Nicholson Payne. On January 1, 1856, Mr. Nicholson retired having sold out his interest to Mr. Lee and F. S. Bissell, and the firm name became Payne, Lee Co. In August of the same year Charles S. Bissell purchased the interest of Mr. Lee, and the firm name became Payne, Bissell Co. In 1858, Mr. Payne retired, and F. S. Bissell and Charles S. Bissell continued in the business under the name of Bissell Co., until 1866, when Charles S. Bissell withdrew, leaving F. S. Bissell sole proprietor, who has conducted the business up to the present time under the above title. The foundry and shops are situated in Allegheny City, at the corner of Robinson and Darrah Streets, having a frontage of one hundred and forty feet on Robinson Street, and three hundred and seventy-five feet on Darrah Street. They have ample capacity for the production of an extensive line of stoves, ranges, and grates of every variety, and have also at great expense fitted up their shops with all the latest improvements in machinery, thus enabling, them to manufacture goods of a superior character as to quality and finish. They make a special point with fine parlor grates, and turn out some of the finest finished work in the country. Their business office and warerooms are located in Pittsburgh, at No. 235 Liberty Street, and 242 Penn Avenue, where they exhibit as fine a class of goods as can be found anywhere. Mr. John M. Killin has been connected with the works since 1848, at intervals aggregating nearly twenty years. He is Superintendent of the Mechanical Department. William H. Collingwood has been with the firm since 1865, as General Superintendent. KEYSTONE BRIDGE COMPANY. This company was organized in 1865, with a capital of $300 000 absorbing the firm of Piper Shiffler, who had erected bridge works in Pittsburgh in 1863, and executed many important works. By a very liberal charter, granted by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, in 1872, the company was authorized to increase its capital stock to $1,500,000, and the privilege was conferred to construct general machine work and the substructure and superstructure of buildings, bridges, and other constructions of wood, iron, steel, stone, etc., in any part of the United States. After numerous additions to the original shops, the present new and their manufactures is the superiority of the material used. This firm employ 450 hands, and have an annual capacity of 15,000 net tons. WM. B. SCAIFE SONS, PITTSBURGH. In the year 1802, when Pittsburgh was but a village and dismantled Fort Pitt still existed, the foundation of the firm of Wm. B. Scaife Sons was laid by the grandfather of the present managers. Everything was then on a very limited scale, but the little shop for iron was destined to become an establishment of no inconsiderable magnitude. Through nearly three-quarters of a century the character and kind of work has greatly changed. For over thirty years, during the time of river prosperity, one of the specialties of the house was the outfit of steamboats in all kinds of iron, tin, and other metal work, until many complete boats were contracted for and superintended and built by the firm. In 1857, the river interest showing signs of decay, the firm added the manufacture of iron roof-frames and corrugated iron to their business, and now this has become their leading line. The mills and manufactories in many parts of the country, and the large number of iron roof-frames erected by them, show the great growth of this branch of business. The use of corrugated iron for roofs, ceilings, etc., and for many purposes in the erection of fireproof structures, has also developed to large proportions. With the growth of the country comes also growth in every line to promote domestic comfort; and, as water-works sprang up over the country, the ordinary cookstove, with its small open boiler, was abandoned and gave way to ranges with their large circulating range boilers. These boilers have been brought to high perfection by this firm, and they are standard from the coast of Maine to the shores of the Pacific,and constitute a leading, article in their list of manufactures. Mr. Wm. B. Scaife was lately called from the scenes of his earthly labor, after an active business life of nearly half a century. A link was taken from the chain of the early Pittsburgh stock (now getting very scarce), who have done so much to develop and make Pittsburgh the great manufacturing centre she is. The name continues on, under the management of the sons, some of whom had been associatecl with him for over twenty years.* The firm give employment to 75 hands, and produce, annually, from 1800 to 2000 net tons. Their pay-roll amounts to $35,000 per annum. PITTSBURGH IRON FOUNDRY was established in 1803 by Joseph McClurg, Joseph Smith, and John Gormley, on the ground now occupied by the custom-house, corner of Fifth Avenue and Smitfield Street, and was, probably, the first foundry originated west of the Alleghenies. Smith and Gormley subsequently disposed of their interests to Joseph McClurg, who, with his son Alexander McClurg, conducted the business successfully until 1841. In 1811 or 1812, they made the contract with the United States Government for the manufacture of cannon-balls. for the guns which, upon the declaration of war with Great Britain, in 1812, were sent to New Orleans, where they were efficiently used by General Jackson on the 8th of January, 1815. They contractecl with the government, also, for the manufacture of field and siege guns, carronades, howitzers, shells, and balls, during the progress of that conflict. Frequently, at this period, ten or twelve wagons were observed at one time, standing in front of the old foundry, waiting until the projectiles became sufficiently cool to load for conveyance to Commodore Perry, at Erie. From 1814 to 1822 the foundry was conducted by McClurg McKnight, and subsequently by Alexander McClurg Co., until 1830 or 1831, when the establishment was purchased by Kingsland Lightner. The first contract for water pipe for the city of Pittsburgh was made in l826, by Alexander McClurg Co., of the Pittsburgh Foundry, and Kingsland, Lightner Co., then proprietors of the Jackson and Eagle Foundries. The first pipe was cast in January, 1827, and tested at the pond between Smithfield Street and the Cathedral. The first chill rolls made west of the mountains were cast by the latter firm, in 1825, under the superintendence of Lawrence Kintsland, the senior partner. From 1831 to 1836 the establishment was conducted under the style of Kingsland, Lightner Cuddy, when the senior member of the present firm (A. Garrison Co.) obtained an interest in. its management. Subsequently, H. L. Bolman and A. Garrison purchased the interests of the other partners, and associating with them H. F. Bolman, the firm became known as Bolmans Garrison, remaining thus until 1851, when H. F. Bolman withdrew from the partnership. The present firm consists of A. Garrison, J. H. Ricketson, and William Holmes. In the spring of 1852 the foundry was removed from its original site to the present location, corner of Ninth and Bingham Streets. For fifty years the manufacture of chill rolls has been a specialty of this firm; these rolls varying in size from 4 inches to 31 inches in diameter, from 6 inche.s to 9 feet in length, and from 100 pounds to 15 tons in weight. In the foundry are two large reverberatory * See Biographical department of this work.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. complete works were erected on a lot embracing six acres of ground purchased for the purpose, and located at Fifty-first and Fifty-second Streets, in the city of Pittsburgh. The works consist of a blacksmith shop, the dimensions of which are three hundred feet long, and eighty feet wide; a machine shop of the same dimensions, and one of four hundred feet long and seventy feet wide, a foundry one hundred and twenty feet by sixty feet; a pattern shop sixty feet square, and several other auxiliary establishments. The buildings are as nearly fire-proof as possible, each having a sheet-iron roof. Their annual capacity is now about $3,000,000, their actual annual receipts from contracts, etc., about equal to their capital stock. They employ four hundred hands. This company have built iron and steel bridges of every variety, and in nearly every section of the country, besides an almost equally great number of wooden bridges. Perhaps the climax to their reputation as extensive bridge builders was reached on the completion of the bridge over the Mississippi River, at St. Louis, the contract for which was awarded to them, and successfully fulfilled. This immense bridge has three arches, two of which have spans of five hundred and fifteen feet each, the remaining one being five hundred and twenty feet, constituting the longest spans in the world. Among the numerous contracts now being executed, may be mentioned the proposed bridge over the Ohio River, at Cincinnati, for the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, which has one span of five hundred and twenty, and two of three hundred feet each, a pivot-span of three hundred and eighty-seven feet, and fixed-span one hundred and ten feet, the channel-span of which is the longest span of iron truss bridge in the world. The present officers of the Keystone Bridge Company are J. H. Linville, President; T. M. Carnegie, Treasurer; A. D. Cherry, Secretary; J. L. Piper, General Manager; A. G. Shiffler, Assistant General Manager; and A. Gottlieb, Manager of the branch office at Chicago. THE MALLEABLE IRON INTEREST. The manufacture of articles of malleable iron was very little carried on in America until within the past half-century. One of the earliest establishments for this class of manufactured goods west of the Allegheny Mountains was the UNION MALLEABLE IRON WORKS which were erected in 1842 by Samuel Reynolds, who justly claims precedence in this line as being the pioneer in an important and, at that time, comparatively incipient industry. Mr. Reynolds brought a thorough knowledge and a somewhat extensive experience of the business with him, which qualities had much to do with his success. The works were first erected on the present site of the establishment occupied by the Crawford Manufacturing Company, but were subsequently removed to their present location from No. 187 to 196 (inclusive) River Avenue, Allegheny. The business embraces the manufacture of all kinds of saddlery hardware, malleable iron castings, and agricultural implements, including many hundred varieties of articles. The material used is the very best of charcoal iron, which undergoes the regular annealing process. The Union Works consist of four annealing furnaces and one cupola, give employment to 130 hands, and turn out annually manufactured product to the amount of $150,000. They are among the most extensive works of the kind in the world. The excellency of the goods made is attested by the commendation they received at the Centennial, where a fine display was exhibited. THE NATIONAL MALLEABLE IRON WORKS were established in 1848, by Olnhausen, Crawford Co., who conducted the business until 1867, when, owing to the death of Mr. Olnhausen, the firm was changed to John Crawford Co., and so continued till June, 1875. In the latter year the title, " The Crawford Manufacturing Company," was adopted, the company being composed (as at present) of the following-named gentlemen, viz.: E. Crawford, G. Eldel, Paul Gschwend, and E. Davis. The works occupy the entire square between Sycamore and Pine Streets, Allegheny. The nature of the products of this firm is similar to that of the establishment above noticed. BOILER MANUFACTURERS. There are a large number of firms in Allegheny County engaged in the manufacture of boilers, whose works are located either in Pittsburgh or Allegheny, of which we briefly mention the following: A. HARTUPEE is the sole manufacturer of Hartupee's patent compound engines, patent gratebars. He also manufactures engines and castings of any style, size, and description, made to order. The works are situated in First Avenue and Short Street, covering nearly the entire square. The business was commenced by the present proprietor in 1846. On the first floor the foundry is situated. Here all the heavy work, such as heavy castings, etc., is done. The second story is devoted to pattern-shops and for their small machinery. This floor itself would be more than sufficient to stock a first-class machine-shop; also, we find here a handsomely fitted-up office, where all the drawing,s for the different castings are made. The third floor is almost filled with patterns of all possible descriptions. The motive power throughout the building is furnished by three large engines of ninety-horse power. The number of hands employed at these works is about 200; and the annual value of productions is $300,000. FORT PITT STEAM-BOILER WORKS. This establishment derives its name from the fact that within a few feet of their doors stood the once famous Fort Pitt of Colonial times. The business is prosecuted under the firm name of D. W. S. Carroll Co., the company being Robert G. Jones. The concern was founded in 1840, and in 1859 was managed by Carroll Snyder, which firm was dissolved in 1872, and the present junior member, formerly head book-keeper, became associated in partnership with his employers. The manufactures consist of steam-boilers of all kinds, blast-furnace stacks, pipes, condensers, mill-stacks, sheet-iron work, railroad car oil tanks, etc. The works are located on Second and Third Avenues and Short Street, Pittsburgh. The business is subdivided into three parts, viz.: tank, boiler, and sheetiron departments, each under the management of practical mechanics. WEST POINT BOILER WORKS were established in 1835 by James Litch, and were continued by that gentleman until 1855, a period of twenty years. He disposed of the business to James Wightman, who conducted the same until his death in 1857. The firm of Watson Monroe was established in 1858, and the works now operated by the latter were purchased by them, and the business was conducted by them jointly until 1875, when Mr. R. Monroe, the present proprietor, purchased the interest of Mr. Watson, and has since transacted the business alone. He manufactures all kinds of boilers and every description of sheet-iron work. He has recently built two locomotive boilers for the Pittsburgh Gas Works, having a capacity of fifty-horse power each, and weighing eight tons respectively. There are 45 hands employed at the works, and the average annual amount of products is $125,000. ANDERSON, MAXWELL PORTER. This firm was first established by Anderson Brother in 1866, and the business transacted by them jointly until the death of J. L. Anderson, the junior member of the partnership, in 1869. The surviving, member then associated with him Messrs. Maxwell and Porter, and the firm assumed its present title. The main portion of the business is done at Nos. 33 and 40 Park Way, Allegheny. They also own and operate a boiler shop, at the corner of Darrah and River Streets, in the same city. The firm manufactures engines, boilers, and all kinds of machine castings, and also make a specialty of house fronts. The engines built by this concern vary from two to sixty-horse power, being suitable for flourmills, rolling-mills, coal mines, and oil wells, and for both marine and land purposes' They employ 65 men, most of whom are skilled mechanics. The average annual value of their products is almost $100,000. THE WASHINGTON WORKS of Robinson, Rhea Company, Founders and Engine Builders, were established in 1835 by William C. Robinson and Reuben Miller, and so continued until 1863, when the present firm was organized. The works are located at the end of the Suspension Bridge, at the South Side of the city of Pittsburgh. The firm transacts a business embracing the manufacture of engines and the various branches of foundry products. They employ 250 hands, and have an annual capacity of 5000 tons of finished work. The constituent members of the firm at present are George T. Robinson and William Rhea, who conduct their business under the style of Robinson, Rhea Company. RITER CONLEY. This establishment was founded in 1864 by James M. Riter, now deceased, a brother of the senior member of the present firm. In April, 1873, William H. and Thomas B. Conley became copartners in the concern, under the title of Riter Conley. The products of the works are steam boilers, blast furnaces, Siemen furnaces, rolling-mill stacks, iron roofing, oil tanks, and all kinds of sheet10 GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL. upper measures have been worn away and carried into the lower valley of the Mississippi and the Mexican Gulf. The southwest corner of the State shows an area still covered by the upper measures of about three thousanth square miles, and the lower measures extend over a territory comprising nearly fifteen thousand square miles, including, of course, the upper measures in the estimate. The Pittsburgh or upper measures are so situated that every square yard can be worked, and it is estimated that the amount of workable coal in this field is equal to twenty thousand million tons (20,000,000,000), or a quantity sufficient to supply the present British coal trade for twenty centuries (2000 years). The seams vary in thickness from four and a half to eight feet, increasing in thickness as they ascend the Monongahela River. Of this seam, Mr. Lyell, the eminent English geologist, says, in his travels in North America, " I was truly astonished, now that I had entered the hydrographical basin of the Ohio, at beholding the richness of the seams of coal which appeared everywhere on the flanks of the hills and at the bottoms o f the valleys, and which are accessible in a degree I never witnessed elsewhere. The time has not yet arrived when the full value of this inexhaustible supply of cheap fuel can be appreciated. To properly estimate the natural advantages of such a region, we must reflect how the three great navigable rivers, such as the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio, intersect it, and lay open on their banks the level seams of coal. I found at Brownsville a bed ten feet thick, of good bituminous coal, commonly called the Pittsburgh seam, breaking out on the river's cliffs, near the water's edge". A statement showing, the amount of coal, in bushels, shipped by the Monongahela Navigation Company, for a series of years, is given in an article on the history of that enterprise. The total coal trade of Pittsburgh amounts to about five million tons annually. A large share of this is shipped in various directions. Limestone and sandstone, suitable for building purposes, are abundant, and good brick clay is found in immense quantities in nearly all parts of the County. Salt water is obtained at several points in the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and at Natrona, on the Allegheny River, twenty-five miles above Pittsburgh. Notices of these manufactories are given in the proper place. as they ascended. Erosion commenced. Drainage in various directions was established. Hydrostatic pressure forced the sea water to issue in innumerable springs. The coal beds, which were formed just at sea-level, were lifted in some parts of middle Pennsylvania to a height equal to nearly the whole thickness of the Paleozoic system,-that is, thirty-five thousand feet,higher than the highest summits of the Himalaya Mountains. Frost above, and the undermining rains below, began their rapid work of destruction, which has lasted ever since. Nearly the whole area of the State east of the Allegheny Mountains lost not only all its coal measures, but a vast majority of all the mineral strata underneath them, All that escaped destruction was what lay in the deep synclinal basins of the anthracite country,the little patch of Broad Top and the tip end of the Cumberland or Frostburg coal basin. For scores of miles the entire Paleozoic system was excavated and planed down to the limestone at the base of the series. Along the central lines of Kishacoquillas, Nittany, Canoe, and other valleys, the old Lawrentian surface cannot be more than a thousand feet or so beneath the present surface. All the rest has been carried off. The destruction was the greatest where the elevation was greatest,--along the middle belt of the Appalachian Mountains. But western Pennsylvania suffered also, as any one can see who looks at the map. Out of this destruction were created, on the eastern side, New Jersey, Delaware, and the tidewater country of Maryland and Virginia, and on the western side, the lower half of Alabama and nearly the whole of Mississippi and Louisiana. In other words, the Protozoic mountains were wasted to form the Paleozoic rocks of the interior, and the Paleozoic mountains, in their turn, have been wasted to form the Triassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks of the seaboard." There is little doubt but the coal measures of the American Continent were originally continuous, stretching in an unbroken sheet from the mouth of the St. Lawrence, southwestwardly across New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas, and, perhaps, to the great central chain, the present Rocky Mountains. The remnants of this vast field, which we call our " great coal measures," are but the fragments of those immense measures which once overlaid the Co'ntinent. Nearly the whole of the Professor J. P. Lesley. t Thurston.products. These are almost exclusively locomotives, the company never having embarked in the manufacture of cars. The locomotive engines here constructed embrace every class of broad and narrow gauge, from five to fifty tons' weight, and adapted to all kinds of service. They are used in every section of the United States, and enjoy a high reputation for neatness of finish, care in workmanship, efficiency in working, economy of fuel, and durability. The average capacity of this establishment is about 100 locomotives of the class usually employed on fullgauge roads, to produce which requires the labor of about 600 workmen, mostly skilled; numerous steam engines, and a vast array of machinery, all of which is of the most modern and approved manufacture. The proprietors of this establishment are reaping a fair reward for their enterprise in its inauguration, and the aggregation of an army of mechanics at their works has added largely to the growth and prosperity of the immediate locality. The present officers of the concern are, D. A. Stewart, President; Wilson Miller, Secretary and Treasurer; J. Aug. Durgin, Superintendent. PORTER, BELL CO. are the proprietors of extensive locomotive works, which are located in the area embraced within Fortieth and Fiftieth Streets, on the Allegheny Valley Railroad, Pittsburgh. The firm was founded in 1871, and no material changes have occurred in it since its establishment. The works are used exclusively for the manufacture of light locomotives for narrow gauge and special service. The buildings, machinery, etc., are of the best and most substantial character, and the quality of the product is unsurpassed. The firm employs 216 hands, and manufactures locomotives to the annual value of $300,000. THE RIVET. AND SPIKE FACTORY of Samuel Severance was established in 1842, by Levi Severance, the father of the present owner.* At first not more than a ton per diem of manufactured goods was turned out, and only five men were employed. The works came into the possession of Mr. S. Severance at the death of his father, which occurred on the l8th of February, 1854. The present capacity of the works is about 10 tons a day, or about 3100 tons per annum; emlploving~ froms 35 to 40 hands. The annual value of its products is from-$1-50,000 to $200,000, accord-ing to the briskness of trade. W. P. TOWNSEND ,.CO. This firm was originally organized in 1816, by Robert Townsend, the father of the senior member of the present firm. The business was continued as at first formed until 1860, when Mr. Robert Townsend retired. The works are known as the " Juniata Wire and Rivet Mills," and are located at New Brighton, Beaver County. They manufacture ev ery description of first-quality rivets, of black and tinned iron, and of all conceivable sizes and shapes. They afford employment to, 40 hands, and produce manufactured goods to the annual amount of 1500 net tons. THE UNITED STATES IRON AND TIN PLATE COMPANY was organized in January, 1873, for the purpose of manufacturing tin and terne plates and various kinds of black plates, and the same was incorporated under the manufacturing laws of Pennsylvania in April following. The first Directors in the company were, J. D. Strous, W. Jarvis, D. W. Riggs, Henry H. Demmler, M. V. B. Cowen, W. 0;. Davies, and F. Protzman. Officers: J. D. Strous, President and Treasurer; M. V. B. Cowen, Secretary; and W. O. Davies, Superintendent. In March, 1873, the site for the mill was selected and bought, on the line of the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad, near McKeesport Borough, and in May following the excavating and grading of the ground was commenced ancl the contracts for the erection of buildings and machinery were awarded. Like most associations which undertake to introduce a new enterprise, this company had to fight against a great many adversities and prejudice, and was even several times severely attacked by newspaper criticism; added to this came the panic of 1873, which caused a great drawback in the disposing of the capital stock, and for this reason, as well as by the unfaithfulness of the building contractors, the work proceeded very slowly, and it was not before August, 1874, that the works could be put into operation. During this,time several changes took place in the Board of Directors, and in September, 1873, M. V. B. Cowen resigned as Secretary, and W. C. Cronemeyerwas elected in his place; at the yearly election in January, 1875, Henry H. Demmler was elected Treasurer of the company. After the works had been running a short time, the stockholders found that the process under which they were operating was not profitable, and consequently the work at the mill was suspended again in November, 1874. So it remained until after the yearly election of directors and officers in January, 1875; at this election Mr. J. H. Demmler, who for some time previous had iron work. Their specialty is heavy sheet-iron; and, during the past year, they -have built oil tanks- of a total capacity of three million barrels, having special machinery, covered by letters patent, for preparing and punching the plates. The office and works of Messrs. Riter Conley are located at 55 and 56 Water Street, Pittsburgh. SAMSON BOILER WORKS. These works. are located at Nos. 20, 22, 24, and 26 Penn Street, Pittsburgh, and were established in 1862 by Williamn Barney -Co., and so continued until 1871, when the firm was changed to that of Brenneman Ward, as at present. The nature of their manufactures is steam boilers, tanks, oil stills, and general sheet-iron work. When in full operation, the works employ 70 hands. PENN STREET BOILER WORKS are located at No. 61 Penn Street, Pittsburgh, and are owned by Mr. Jared M. Brush. They were established in 1852, by William Barnhill Co., who continued the business until 1855, and then disposed of the concern to the present proprietor. The products of the works are steam boilers, oil stills, sheet-iron work, etc. There are 65 hands employed at the works. LAUDERBACH CO. This firm was established in the present year (1 876). The machinery is all new, having been made to order especially for the firm The present capacity of the works is from 5000 to 8000 lineal feet of railing per week; and, in consequence of the success of the concern, principally bridge railings -they are making arrangements for enlarging the works, giving them double their present capacity. They manufacture wrought-iron railings and guards of every description, from the lightest to the heaviest, and of designs ranging from the plainest to the most elaborate and ornamental. A branch of the business is the manufacture of crimped and woven wire guards for windows, etc. They also manufacture wrought-iron stairs, wroughtiron having proven very superior to cast-iron for purposes of this kind, possessing double the strength with half the weight. There are 15 skilled workmen employed in this establishment. J. COCHRAN BRO. This firm was founded by the father of the present members, who succeeded to the business by the decease of the original proprietor in 1856. They manufacture iron joints, fences, steel bank-safes, and general house-work. The process by which they make their goods is from the raw material. The number of hands employed is 25, and the annual value of products about $50,000. THE PITTSBURGH LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR WORKS. An important and growing industry of Pittsburgh is the manufacture of locomotives, which, though of recent origin, forms a considerable item in the aggregate value of her products. The Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works are conducted by a stock company chartered under the laws of Pennsylva nia, having for its object the building of locomotives, passenger and freight cars, and general machinery. The company was organized in 1865, with ample capital, its principal stockholders being gentlemen ultimately connected with the manufacturing and railroad interests of the State. The site selected for the works was a portion of the Bakewell property, embracing about nine acres, and located in what is now the Sixth Ward of Allegheny City. Here ground was broken for the largest manufactory within the limits of that city, on August 1, 1865, with appropriate ceremonies; the shops were ready for operations in the autumn of 1866, and the first locomotive was turned out in the spring of 1867. Since that date the works have be en in almost continuous operation, and although the buildings were liberally planned and constructed, and furnished with machinery of superior quality in excess of need at the outset, so rapidly did the business increase that frequent additions of machinery and buildings for its accommodation have been made. At this time the structures required in conducting the operations necessary for the production of a complete locomotive cover an area of nearly two and one-half acres. They are, all of brick, built in the most substantial manner, and embrace the following: machine shop, 290 by 120; engine room, 50 by 25; smith shop, 250 by 70; paint shop, 70 by 55; carpenter and pattern shops, 115 by 70; iron foundry, 135 by 7 0; flask shop, 35 by 23; cupola house, 23 by 22; brass foundry, 60 by 50; boiler shop, 250 by 70; pattern storeroom, 70 by 55, with other smaller buildings. The grounds have a frontage of 415 feet on Beaver Avenue, running through to the Ohio River, a depth of about 800 feet. Switches of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, with side tracks running into the inclosure; give connection with all railroads centering in Pittsburgh, greatly facilitating the receipt of supplies and shipment of the manufactured HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 108 * See Biographical department.house and rail-mill have iron side columns with timber side-framing. All the others are wholly of brick, and all, without exception, have iron roof-frames and coverings. A brick shed 48 feet wide, with all addition in the rear 56 by 26 feet, a locomotive engine-house holding two locomotives with pits for washhng out, and at pattern-shop (back of the machine shop) 60 by 25 feet these three buildings being frame with slate roofs complete the buildings used for the works. The converting machinery comprises three cupolas, 5 feet clear diameter, and 40 feet high; 4 spiegel cupolas, 2 feet diameter, and 40 feet high; two 12-ton cupola ladles upon scales; two 5-ton converters, 6 feet clear diameter by 15 feet high; 12 crane ladles for castings, and a full equipment of ingot moulds and flasks for bottom casting. Am ple oven capacity is provided for drying spare bottoms for the converters, the flasks, and ladle-stoppers. A crusher and a mixing-mill of approved patterns are placed in the cupola-house, in which also is ample room for storage of refractory materials required for immediate use. The steam machinery comprises twenty tubular boilers, 5 feet diameter by 15 feet long, each having forty 45 1/2-inch tubes, a separate grate, 5 feet 6 inches wide by 7 feet long, and a separate chimney, lined with brick, 2 feet 6 inches clear diameter, by 75 feet high from the ground. Each boiler has an independent safety valve, feed valve, and blow-off valve; and any one boiler can be used or repaired independently of all the rest. Two heaters of the largest size are connected for the supply of the boilers with hot filtered water. The boilers are fed by two duplex pumps, 10 inches by 5 1/2 inches by 10-inch stroke, each having, a direct cold-water supply, and also a connection to either one of the two heaters. All the principal pipes are led under ground in brick tunnels, so that they are quite accessible at all times. The two blowing engines for the converters have 42inch steam cylinders, 54-inch air cylinders, and 48-inch stroke. Each has two 20-feet 20-ton fly-wheels, a balanced slide-valve on the steam cylinder, and rubberfaced poppet valves in the air cylinder. The moving parts are balanced by an auxiliary piston in a small steam cylinder. A duplex blowing engine is used for the cupolas, with 18-inch steam cylinders, 60-inch air cylinders, and 36-inch stroke. A horizontal engine in the cupola-house, with an 18 by 24-inch ey linder, drives the crushing and grinding machines. A horizontal engine 36-inch diameter by 48-inch stroke, with a 25-foot 50-ton fly-wheel, drives the blooming mill, and a similar engine, 46-inch diameter by 48-inch stroke, drives the rail mill. A 3-ton hammer is placed for cutting the blooms, and for such hot chipping as maybe needed. An engine, 18 inches by 24 inches, drives the strenthening press, the slotting machines, and the drills for fish plate holes. A single swinging hot saw is driven by a 12 by 16 engine. A " Porter Allen" engine, 11 by 20 cylinder, drives- one cold saw, and a "Keystone" 16 by 16 cylinder engine drives the other. The hydraulic machinery comprises two duplex pressure pumps with 25-inch steam cylinders, 9-inch water plungers, and 24-inch stroke, and one pressure pump, 20-inch, and 71/4-inch by 15-inch stroke; a complete distributing apparatus, all the valves of which are connected to a common platform; two accumulators, 16 1/2-inch diameter by 9-feet stroke; a ladle-crane, 15 1/2-inch diameter by 6-feet stroke; four cranes 13-inch diameter by 9-feet stroke, three for lifting ingots, and one for the bottom castinog flasks, is-inch diameter by 9-feet stroke, with racks and pinions for rotating the converters; one cylinder 12-inch diameter by 24-inch stroke, fixed upon a car, for lifting and removing the bottoms of the converters; and two lifts, 9-inch diameter by. 27 feet stroke, for raising material s in the cupola-house. The heating furnace plant comprises twenty gas producers in five blocks; a sheetiron cooling tube leading overhead to the brick gas-flue, and seven Siemens furnaces, each 8 feet wide by 20 feet long, inside of the walls. There a-re two chimneys, each 6 feet clear diameter and 98 feet high. Three of the furnaces have hydraulic machinery for charging the ingots, as, brought red-hot from the converting house, and also for drawing, them for rolling. The ingots are bloomed in a 31 1/2-inch 3-high mill, which is fitted with feedingrollers, driveni by an independent engine, ancl with hydraulic cylinders for moving the feeding-tables, for turning over the ingots, and for moving the middle roll for varying the sizes of the groves gas reqiiired. A "telegraph" leads to the hammer, and a hydraulic crane places the blooms on the buggies, to take them to the reheating furnaces, for the rail train. A 23-inch 3-high train, with three sets of rolls, is used for rolling rails. A fourth stand of rolls is used for rolling billets, being connected with the rail train. A line of driven rollers leads to the sawcarriage, and a second line of driven rollers leads to a 60-feet.straightening plate, where the rails are " hot straightened" or curved by a process used only in these works which makes very little cold straightening n ecessary. The hot saw is a single swinging saw; the intention being cut but one end of each rail hot, the other being, cut cold, for which purpose two " cold saws" are located at the lower end of the cold bed. There are three cold straightening presses (one doubleended), a cold punch, four drill-presses, and the usual appliances for shipping the rails. already been taking a lively interest in the enterprise, was elected President; and shortly afterwards the services of Mr. John Coles, formerly with the firm of Rogers Burchfield, were secured as Superintendent of the works. In February, 1875, the works were running again, and ever since that time they have been operated successfully. In May of the same year the increase of business made it a necessity to enlarge the works, and an additional train of sheet rolls and several other pieces of machinery were ordered; in August everything was ready, and since then the business' of the company has been steadily increasing; several large improvements have been made' in and around the works, and. to-day it is a fixed fact that tin and terne plates can be made in the United States as good- and as cheap as in England or any other country. The value of the annual production of this company is now about $300 000, and from 160 to 200 hands are steadily em ployed at the works. The United States Iron and Tin Plate, Company is at present the only firm in the United States that is engaged in the manufacturing of tin and terne plates from the raw iron. The works contain three puddli ng and two heating furnaces, four knobbling fires, two double, sheet-mill furnaces, two annealing furnaces, three tinning stacks, one steam hammer, one train of bar-rolls, two trains of sheetrolls, and three sets of cold-rolls. The present Directors of t,he company are, J. H. Demmler, James Nimick, J. D. Strous, G. Gerner, W. G. Coffin, D. J. Thomas,- G. A. Ballantine, Sr., and A. Fromm; the officers, J. H. Demmler, Presdent; James Nimick, Vice-President; H. H. Demmler, Treasurer; John Coles, Superintendent; and W. C. Cronemeyer, Secretary. The office of the company is at 112 Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh. STEEL WORKS. THE EDGAR THOMSON STEEL COMPANY, LIMITED (Branch Office, No 41 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh), are the proprietors of the Edgar Thomson Steel Works, which are located at Bessemer Station, near the village of Braddock's, eleven miles east of Pittsburgh, on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Pittsburgh Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. They were projected and partially constructed by the firm of Carnegie, McCandless ; Co., composed of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, of New York; Messrs. William Coleman, John Scott, David A. Stewart, Thomas M. Carnegie, Andrew Kloman, and William P. Shinn, of Pittsburgh, and Messrs. David McCandless and Henry Phipps, Jr., of Allegheny City, Pa. The firm organized on January 18, 1873, and commenceed operations by purchasing a tract of land for its works from Robert and John McKinney, containing one hundred and six acres, having a frontage on the slack-water of the Monongahela River of three thousand three hundred feet. The property is divided into three parts: the strip lying between the Pennsylvania Railroad and the County road being 300 feet by 1800 feet; that lying between the County road and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad being 600 feet by 1500 feet; and that lying next to the river (a part of which is occasionally overflowed) being 1000 feet by 3300 feet. The works are erected mainly on the portion between the County road and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, on a level sixteen feet above the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and from twenty-five to thirty feet below the Pennsylvania Railroad. Ground was broken for the erection of the works on April 15, 1873, and work was commenced on the buildings on April 20, 1873. Contracts for all the machinery were so made that the works could have been put into operation by July 1, 1874, but in consequence of the financial panic of September, 1873, work was mainly (though not entirely at any time) suspended, delaying the completion until August, 1875. The first " blow" was made on August 28, 1875, at 5.15 P.M., and the first rail was rolled on September 1, at 12.55 P.M. Both were perfectly successful. On October 2, 1874, the parties composing the firm of Carnegie, McCandless Co. organized under the act of Assembly approved June 2, 1874, a "limited partnership association, as " The Edgar Thomson Steel Company, Limited," to which association all the works and property of Carnegie, McCandless Co. were sold, and by which organization the works are now owned and operated. The buildings now erected are as follows: Cupola house, 107, feet long, 44 feet wide, and 46 feet high; converting-house, 129 feet long, 84 feet wide, and 30 feet high; house for blowing-engines, 54 feet long, 48 feet wide, and 36 feet high. These three works are known as the " Converting Works."' A boiler-house 178 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 18 feet high; producerhouse, 90 feet long, 46 feet wide, and 26 feet high; rail mill, 380 feet, long, 100 feet wide, and 25 feet high, with a wing 100 feet long, 35 feet wide, and 117 feet high. Office and shop building, 200 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 18 feet high a coal and iron house, 40 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 10 feet high. The producerCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 110 hole furnaces, six. converting furnaces (with a capacity of 90 tons per week, three puddling furnaces, twenty-five heating furnaces, sixteen steam hammers, two 20inch plate-mills, one 16-inch bar-mill, one universal-mill, one 16-inch spring train, tw o 26-inch sheet-mills, one 18-inch, one 9-inch, and one 10-inch guide-mill, and an extensive rake-tooth shop (employing 30 hands). They have recently erected a large 20-inch mill to roll homogeneous plates, plow plates, circular saws, locomotive fire-box: and boiler-plate steel, to meet the increasing demands of mechanical engineering on railroads. This new mill has an engine of 5-feet stroke and 26inch cylinder, a massive bed-plate of 5 tons' weight, and fly-wheel 30 feet in diameter, and weighing 35 tons. The company manufactures only a superior quality of crucible steel, not being favorably impressed with the Bessemer process. THE SHEFFIELD STEEL WORKS are among themost extensive in Allegheny County. They were founded in 1848, by the present firm of Singer, Nimick Co. The works are located on the South Side of the city of Pittsburgh. The works comprise, in mill, six puddling and six knobbling furnaces, one 18-inch train of rolls, one 42-ton steam hammer, four 24-pot Siemens gas furnaces; thirty melting furnnaces, and one 5-ton open hearth furnace. Annual capacity, 12,000 net tons of cast steel. In steel-converting department, eight furnaces; annual capacity, 5500 net tons. In finishing mill, one 22-inch 3-high sheet and plate train, one 16-inch, and one 10-inch, and one 10-inch bar train, eleven heating furnaces, and ten hammers. The new plate mill has four sets of 28-inch rolls, four sets of 20-inch rolls, and six heating furnaces. Product: steel plates, tool steel, saw steel, and all other kinds of steel, carriage springs, and axles. HUSSEY, WELLS CO. This firm was originally organized in 1858, by C. G. Hussey, Thomas M. Howe, Calvin Wells, and James M. Cooper, and commenced operations in April, 1859. The firm continued as at first formed until 1866, when C. C. Hussey and C. A. Howe, sons of C. G. Hussey and Thomas M. Howe, were admitted into partnership. The firm has since lost two of its members by death, C. A. Howe and Colonel James M. Cooper. The company began business on premises at the corner of Penn Avenue and Sixteenth Street, covering a space of 9200 by 250 feet. Now the works are spread over an area of four acres, mostly under cover, embracing nearly all the ground between Sixteenth and Eighteenth Streets, Penn Avenue and Allegheny Valley Railroad. There was an early attempt to make steel on the ground occupied by the present firm, but it proved a failure, and the property, which then consisted of a smelting shop of twelve furnaces, was purchased by the original organization. After remodeling the works to suit themselves, the attempt was renewed. Many experiments preceded final success. Every description of American iron was tested. The English method of converting had been to roast long bars in a brick oven between alternate layers of charcoal, then reduce to pieces, and complete the operation in the crucible. They were the first to successfully demonstrate that the conversion might be made in the crucible alone. Before success was attained between three and four hundred thousand dollars were expended. The capacity of the works has been increased from time to time, until now the appointments of the shops comprise nine trains of rolls (one 9, two 12, three 16, two 18, and one 28-inch), sixteen single puddling furnaces, twenty heating furnaces, ten steam hammers, five tilt hammers, thirty-six coke furnaces, six 24-pot Siemens furnaces for melting by gas, eight engines supplied by twenty steam boilers, steam shears, hydraulic presses, etc. Product: crucible cast-steel in bars, sheets, rods, plates, and forgings of al1 kinds; annual capacity, 13,000 net tons; average make for five years, 5000 net tons. Number of hands employed, about 400. STEEL SHOVEL MANUFACTORY. This concern is owned and controlled by Hussey, Binns Co., Pittsburgh. Steel plant built in 1875, one 24-pot Siemens furnace; product, cast-steel, used by the firm in making shovels. The plain-back solid cast-steel shovel, with socket and straps complete, manufactured by this firm, is a new article previously unknown in manufacture, consisting of a single plate of metal without welds or rivets. This plate is first wrought from a single ingot of cast-steel, securing absolute strength, with smooth surfaces front and back, at the junction of the straps with the blade. In consequence of the superior quality and peculiar manipulation of the steel employed, the blades wear evenly from side to side, and are much more durable than any other shovel in the market. These results are due to the process and mnethods original and vested with Hussey, Binns Co., which they have carefully developed and exclusively control, by which a shovel is produced that cannot be obtained in any other way. The advantages enumerated are of such importance as to command the hearty indorsement of consumers everywhere, while as manufacturers of the solid caststeel shovel the firm use every effort to maintain its superiority. The water-supply is brought from the river, a distance of one thousand eight hundred feet, through a 20-inch glazed sewer-pipe. Entrance piers are placed at the river bank, and the pipe throughout its whole length is placecl at such a level that the water will flow at the lowest stage of the river into a well near the works. Two duplex pumps, each 20 inch by 71-inch by 1 5-inch stroke, are placed at this well and are supplied from the main stem-pipe, and are regulated by valve in the boiler-house moved by a float. An 8-inch pipe discharges from these pumps into a 20,000-gallon tank, from which supply-pipes are led to the pumps in the works. Tracks have been laid, connecting with the Pennsylvania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, and to the Monongahela River, where a wharf has been erected, having 200 feet front, for shipping rails, and a coal elevator for unloading coal from barges and loading it on cars. This gives access to the whole Ohio and Mississippi River system of navigation. A bridge across the Monongahela River, a mile above the works, which is far advanced towards completion, will give immediate connection with the Panhandle Line, with the entire railroad system West and Southwest, and eventually, by the Virginia and Charleston Railroad, with the whole upper Monongahela Valley. A complete system of 30-inch railroad tracks has been arranged for the carriage of materials throughout the establishment, and for the removal of all debris. A store-room, laboratory, and engineers' offices are provided for in the same building with the machine-shop. The latter contains one 54-inch and one 68-inch lathe for roll turning, one 30-inch and one 16-inch lathe, a 30-inch planer, two drills, a pipe-cutter, and a screw-cutting machine, all being driven by a 12 by 18-inch engine. In the smith-shop are 4 fires, a 1 000-pound steam hammer, and an upright steam-boiler. The works have been very successfully operated since September 1, 1875, and were started on double time on March 13, 1876, the following being a statement of the monthly product, probably never before equaled by a new works: 1875. Tons Ingots. September.................................. 1,554 October.................................................. 2,318 Novemlber........................................ 2,672 D ecem ber........................................ 2,094 Tota^l first four m onths............................. 8,6.38 18-76. January......................................... 2.551. February........................................ 2,40 M arch.......................................... 4,246 April.................................. 4, 026 M av.................................. 5,403.Juii e.................................. 4,290 J-Lily..,................................................ 4, 510 Augulst (fouir dIays estimlatedl)............................ 4,600 Total for twelve m oiiths.......................... 40,67]. Tons Rails. -1,20 2,145 1,480 6,563 2,055 1,800 2,800 2,652 4,1 28 3y341B 3,548:3,740 30,632 The exhibit made at the Centennial Exposition contains, among other things, one rail 62 pounds per yard, 81 feet 5 inches long; one rail 62 pounds per yard, 98 feet long; one rail 62 pounds per yard, 120 feet long. The latter being the longest and heaviest rail ever, rolled in the world. The following is the company's organization: Board of Managers, D. McCandless, Chairman; John Scott, T. M. Carnegie, D. A. Stewart; W. P. Shinn, Secretary and Treasurer. Engineers' department, A. L. Holly, Chief Engineer; P. Barnes, Resident Engineer; John C. Lewis, Civil Engineer. Operating departnent, William P. Shinn, General Manager; William R. Jones, General Superintendent; Thomas H. Lapsley, Superintendent of Mill. THE PITTSBURGH STEEL WORKS. These works are at present owned exclusively by Mr. Robert J. Anderson, but still retain the firm name of " Anderson Woods," on account of this well-known and long-established brand of steel. They are among the oldest steel works in the United States, having been established in 1845, thirty-one years ago. This was one of the pioneer mills of our country, and had its origin long before the network of railroads spread all over the land. Its inception was on a very limited scale, but as the years rolled around it grew little by little, like the successive branches of the oak, until it has spread over the entire area of two squares. It has accommodated itself to the growing wants of the country, and has been the birth-place of many of the new inventions in the use of steel on railroads, and many of the useful commodities of every-day life. The works have been as prolific in the production of various kinds of steel for numerous purposes as any steel-mill that is covered by the enveloping pall of the Smoky City. Its managers are men of energy, perseverance, courage, and practical ability, who have fostered the growth of inventions in steel for different purposes, and whose mission has been fruitful in the development of industrial resources. When a peculiar kind of steel was required for some special utility, this firm seized the idea, and practically embodied it in their manufactures. Some idea of the extent of these works can be gained from the subjoined: They employ 375 hands, their pay-roll amounting to over $300,000 per year; have four Siemens furnaces, having erected the first of these excellent furnaces in the United States, three sets of cokeerable enterprise at the, commencement of its operations by boring for gas, which they procured at a depth of 1751 feet. They are now making the necessary preparations to utilize it in the works for fuel. CRUCIBLE STEEL CASTING COMPANY (LIMITED). This company was originally organized by the firm of Hussey, Dravo Co., in April, 1875. The works were purchased by the present company in September of the same year. The secretary and treasurer of the concern is Mr. J. F. Denniston. The mechanical department of the works is under the management of Mr. Henry Moseley, a practical and experienced mechanic. The establishment runs three steel-cementing furnaces and eight steel-melting holes. Product: caststeel castings annual capacity, 600 net tons. THE VERONA TOOL WORKS of Messrs. Metcalf, Paul Co. were established in January, 1873, by Messrs. 0. Metcalf and J. W. Paul, both practical business men of many years' experience, for the manufacture of railroad track tools and forgings, and heavy hardware. The works are located at Verona, on the line of the Allegheny Valley Railroad, ten miles north of Pittsburgh, the principal business office being at the corner of Penn Avenue and Tenth Street, Pittsburgh. For a long time the necessity for a great improvement in the class of tools they manufacture was seriously felt by all the railroad companies, the tools which they required to use for track work being made mainly of iron, and therefore weak. The introduction of steel rails enhanced the difficulty, and it was found that only tools made of the very best quality of steel and with extraordinary care would meet the want. To supply this need was the purpose of Messrs. Metcalf Paul in starting their works, and understanding well the nature of the difficulty ininvolved in their undertaking, they were resolved to spare no pains or expense in seeking to accomplish their object; in other words, they fully realized the necessity for the production of a class of tools not hitherto made in this country. Providing themselves, therefore, with every requisite appliance in the way of machinery, using only the very best cast-steel, employing the most skilled labor to be procured, and subjecting every piece of work to the severest test in order to prove it equal to the requirements of the service for which it was'designed, they soon found a ready market for their productions, and secured a trade which has elevated them to an enviable prominence among the great manufacturers of this County. The famous " Verona Nut Lock," for splicing rails, now so generally in use upon the principal roads, is manufactured exclusively in these works, the proprietors holding letters patent for it. There are numerous other useful and highly ingenious and equally good tools made at these works, for use in every department of railroad construction. And while Messrs. Metcalf, Paul Co. make a specialty of railroad tools, they also manufacture largely of blacksmith, stonemason, and mining tools. Their works contain, among other excellent appointments, twelve forges run by blast; two steam hammers (one of 300 and one of 500 pounds); one steam press of 34 tons' weight, used for the manufacture of tools generally, which dispenses with manual labor entirely, except in finishing the various articles for the market. The Verona Tool Works are, in every particular, among the most perfectly arranged and best furnished in Pittsburgh. KLOMAN, PARK CO. This firm was established in 1866 by Kloman, Buerkley Co., and so continued until 1872, when Mr. Buerkley retired, and Mr. D. E. Park was admitted to the copartnership. The concern was organized for the purpose of manufacturing every description of railroad and mining tools, including fine steel picks, mattocks, sledges, etc. The works of the company are located at Thirty-second and Railroad Streets, Pittsburgh. They give employment to 80 men, and turn out manufactured goods to the annual amount of $150,000. KLEIN, LOGAN CO. This firm was originated in 1856 by John C. Klein, the present senior member of it, and continued under his sole management until 1868, when it became, as at present, Klein, Logan Co. The building proper of the firm is a twostoried brick, 110 feet square, and is located on the corner of Thirteenth and Breed Streets, South Side, city of Pittsburgh. The products of the concern are picks, luattocks, sledges, hammers, crow-bars, wedges, wrought-iron fire-shovels, and every description of railroad, mine, and quarry tools. They employ about 60 hands, and turn out goods to the amount of $80,000 per annum. The firm' export extensively, through their Eastern agenlts, and their manufactured goods are put upon the market solely on their merits. They bave acquired quite an lenviable reputation in their line of trade. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY,PENNSYLVANIA PITTSBURGH STEEL-CASTING COMPANY. This enterprise, although comparatively in its infancy, is one of the most important in this great manufacturing centre. Its existence only dates back to 1871, when it started in a modest way and commenced operations' under a patented method of castings of cast-steel, not of cast-iron, with a certain similarity to cast-steel, nor a semi-wrought-iron, with something of a steely texture and brittleness, but genuine, fine-grained, crucible cast-steel, capable of hardening, forging, and temper-drawing, and which would make castings as fine as any material almost that is run into moulds, with sharp and perfect edges, smooth surface, and capable of coring, hollow work, interstice work, and yet free from blow-holes and sandmixed spots. To no branch of a manufacturing business was the success of the patented method of the Pittsburgh Steel Casting, Company so advantageous as that of agricultural implements. The makers of this class of goods had wants so innumerable and peculiar that to have their multitudinous shapes made out of steel-and cast-steel at that-so increased the value of the articles made and gave such an impetus to their business as to be a matter of marvel. Parts that had been previously made by the expensive method of forging were displaced by steel cast more accurately to size and shape, and of greatly increased strength and durability. Many of the largest plow works in the United States get their various castings made at this establishment, while hand-car wheels, couplers, bumpers, buffers, spring-blocks, pedestals, brake-blocks, journal boxes, frogs, crossings, switch-chairs, brake- and ratchet-wheels are made for the principal railroads of the United States. The works are located on the corner of Twenty-sixth and Railroad Streets, Pittsburgh, and consist of nineteen steel-melting holes, two 24-pot Siemens gas furnaces, and one Siemens open-hearth furnace of six tons' daily capacity. Product, steel castings. James Irwin, President, and Henry W. Patterson, Treasurer. LA BELLE STEEL WORKS. These works were erected in 1863. They are operated by Messrs. Smith, Sutton Co., and located on Belmont and Ridge Streets, Allegheny City. The establishment employs four 25-ton converting furnaces, four open-hearth refining furnaces, four puddling furnaces, seven heating furnaces, twelve cast-steel melting furnaces, five hammers, and three trains of rolls (one 20, one 16, and one 10inch). Product: cast and German plow steel, agricultural steel of every description, cast and German spring steel, cast machinery steel, cast tool steel, and cast and German steel tire; also, finished springs and iron and steel axles; annual capacity, 6000 net tons. THE CRESCENT STEEL WORKS are owned and conducted by Miller, Metcalf Parkin. The works are located in the Seventeenth Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, occupying the entire block between Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets. The firm was established in 1865, and the present works erected in 1867. They employ eight heating furnaces, two trains of rolls (one 12 and one 9-inch), three steel-cementing furnaces, twenty-four steel-melting holes, and four 24-pot Siemens melting furnaces, and six hammers. Product: hammered and rolled bar steel, and cast, spring, and edge tool steel; annual capacity, 4000 net tons; average make, 3000 tons. THE BLACK DIAMOND STEEL WORKS. These works were erected in 1861, and commenced operations in May, 1862, by a firm in which the senior members of the present concern were interested. It now does business under the style of Park, Brother Co. We quote the following statistics from the annual publication of the American iron and Steel Association, a work of standard authority among iron manufacturers generally: "It has six: single puddling furnaces, forty-eight heating and annealing furnaces, six trains of rolls (one 8, one 10, one 12, one 16, one 18, and one 28-inch), twenty-one hammers, six steel-cementing furnaces, seventy-two steel-melting holes, and two 24-pot gas furnaces. Product: all varieties of steel; annual capacity, 10,000 net tons; average make, 4500 tons." The works are located on Thirtysecond and Railroad Streets, Pittsburgh. PITT STEEL WORKS. These works, now under the firm of Jones, Ingold Co., were established in May, 1874. They are located two miles west of McKeesport, on the Monongahela River. The works are yet small, the main building being 150 by 180 feet, containing one single Siemens furnace, ancl six double furnaces, also four steam hammers of the following capacity respectively: one 3500 lbs., one 1500 lbs., one 700 lbs., and one of 400 lbs., now under course of construction for small work. There are also two engines which drive the machinery, and two large steel boilers..The annual capacity of the works is 1400 net tons. The firm displayed considHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 112 plows, harrows, cultivators,. road scoops, shovel moulds, ice plows, and railroad grading plows, all of which are made of the very best material; and the firm is one of the best in Allegheny County, and among the most prominent in the United States. PITTSBURGH PLOW AND CRUCIBLE STEEL CASTING WORKS, under the individual control of Mr. J. C. Bidwell, were established by that gentleman in 1859. The works covered the area comprehended within the boundaries of Duquesne Way, Garrison Alley, and Fayette Street, Pittsburgh. Until within two or three years, the principal manufacture of the establishment was plows; but recently steel castings have to a large extent formed a specialty. The works furnish employment to one hundred hands, and the annual value of manufactured product is one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. There are several other firms engaged in the manufacture of plows, prominent among which are George Spalding, and Spratt, Johnston Company, whose places of business are located at Nos. 116 and 145, Liberty Street, respectively. THE GLASS TRADE. The manufacture of glass was among the earliest industrial pursuits established in Allegheny County. The first and best known of the early glass factories was that established by James O'Hara and Isaac Craig, in the spring of 1798. We quote the subjoined information concerning this factory from Neville B. Craig's " History of Pittsburgh, " published in 1851: "In the spring of the following year (writing in 1795) arrangements began to be made by James O Hara and Isaac Craig, for the erecting of the first glass works here. William Eichbaum, Superintendent of the glass works at the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, was engaged to direct the erection of the works. As this was an important experiment, the following letter from Major Craig, giving an account of the very first movement, may be worth preserving: "'PITTSBURGH, June 12, 1797. "'After your departure I furnished Mr. Eichbaum with the laborers, and the necessary tools for digging and probing the hills near the saw-mill, and up the run as high as the manor line; considerable time and labor were spent, without any other discovery than a stratum of coal from twelve to thirteen inches only. I then took Mr. Eichbaum up the coal hill, and showed him the coal pits called Ward's pits, and the lots on which they are, with all of which he was well pleased, both as to situation and convenience of materials for building. I, therefore, immediately purchased of Ephraim Jones the house and lot near the spring for one hundred pounds, and have made application to Ephraim Blaine for the two adjoining lots, which, no doubt, I will get on reasonable terms. These three lots are quite sufficient, and we are now quarrying lime and building-stone, both of which are found in the lot. James Irwin is engaged to do the carpenter work; scantling for the principal building is now sawing, four log house carpenters are employed in providing timber for the other buildings, and I am negotiating with a mason for the stone work. "Colonel JAMES O'HARA, Detroit. "The saw-mill referred to in the above letter must have been up the run, at the upper end of Allegheny City, for in no other direction near Pittsburgh could they have failed to find a vein of coal of a proper depth. The line called the'manor line' was, no doubt, the line of the reserved tract. The lots spoken of were those now (1851) owned by Frederick Lorenz. "Such was the com mencement of that business which is now so extensively carried on here. Major Craig, who embarked so promptly in the work, did not partake of its profits, the reason why has never been generally known. The extracts from his correspondence, which our task has called forth, prove him to have been a man of energy and enterprise, and his means then were very ample; but his brother-in-law, Presley Neville, by no means a-man of business, became alarmed at the uncertainty of the result, and this alarm very naturally extended itself to his sister, the wife of Major Craig, and thus led to an abandonment of his interests in the glass works, after a partnership of seven years." The second venture in the manufacture of glass was made by Messrs. Beelen Denny, about the year 1800, or perhaps a few years later, probably about the time that the Craig enterprise suspended. These parties employed a man by the name of La Fleur to superintend the erection of the works. They continued in operation but a few years, when they failed, on account of not being able to use wood for fuel, as they had purposed doing. From this pe riod up to 1808 we learn of no permanently established glass works. In that year the factories now operated THE PITTSBURGH CAST-STEEL SPRING WORKS of which Calvin Wells and Aaron French are the proprietors, trading, under the firm name of A. French Company, are situated in Liberty Street, in the city of Pittsburgh, and extend from Twentieth to Twenty-first Streets, and back one hundred and twenty feet to Spring Alley, occupying exactly half a square of ground, and being completely surrounded by public thoroughfares. Their works, which are the largest of their kind in the United States and among the largest in the world, are capable of turning out twenty tons of railroad car and locomotive springs -per diem. The concern was started in 1865 by Aaron French and five associates, under the name of the Hazen Light Steel Spring Company, occupying a small building on Liberty Street, opposite the Union Depot, and employing not more than a half-dozen of hands. The original capital was six thousand dollars, but the project succeeded so poorly that at the expiration of eighteen months not only was this amount entirely absorbed, but also a debt of ten thousand dollars, had accumulated. At this trying period C. Wells and A. French succeeded to the whole business as equal partners, changing the name of the establishment to that of the Pittsburgh Cast-Steel Spring Works, assuming the debts of the defunct concern, and investing fresh adequate capital. The latter gentleman was a skillful mechanic, and by numerous inventions in machinery for the purposes required, and a close study of the philosophy of proportions, rapidly brought the manufacture of elliptic springs to great perfection, entirely revolutionizing the business in fact, and producing an article that with a third of the ordinary weight answered the same purpose as the ponderous and unwieldy spring formerly in use. Mr. C. Wells, who had an extensive acquaintance with the steel and iron trade, assumed the responsibilities attached to the financial department, and in a remarkably short time the new management proved a decided success. In 1869 the works were removed to their present location, and were steadily increasing in capacity, until, in 1872, their productions amounted to $650,000, while the hands in their employ number nearly 100. Their grounds are almost entirely covered with substantial buildings, and the appointments of the shops are very complete; containing twenty-nine furnaces, eight blacksmiths' fires, a large steam hammer, three steam " drops," also tashes, centering machines, drills, and other machinery, all of which are worked by a perfectly adjusted system of shafting. The steel is tempered by a patented process, and before leaving the shop each particular spring is subjected to a hydraulic test. Depending exclusively for their patronage on the railroads of the country, these works have consequently been directly affected by the panic which prostrated railroad business in the fall of 1873,and during the years 1874 and 1875 the production was beneath the maximum; but, fortunately the firm is in a situation to sustain the decrease in trade. The establishment has recently supplied the springs for the Pullman Palace Cars on the European railroads, a fact that enhances their reputation, and speaks well for American mechanical ability. THE MANUFA CTURE OF PLOWS. One of the oldest and largest establishments engaged in the manufacture of plows is that known as the GLOBE PLOW WORKS, situate at the corner of Duquesne Way and Cecil Alley, below Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, the property of Messrs. Alexander Speer S ns.* These works are simply the result - of the initiation taken in the work of plow manufacturing in Pittsburgh by Mr. Samuel Hall in the year 1828, with a small shop at No. 166 Penn Street. In 1845 he admitted to a copartnership in the business Mr. Alexander Speer, who had been for a number of years previously a practical worker at the trade, the firm name under which the copartnership was published being that of " Hall Speer." Upon the death of Mr. Hall in 1852, the business was continued by Mr. Speer without change of proprietary title or interest till 1858, when Mr. John S. Hall, son of the founder of the firm, joined Mr. Speer in the concern. Meanwhile the trade of the house had grown into very formidable proportions, and in 1873 Mr. Hall sold his interest to Mr. Speer, who admitted his sons, W. W. and J. T., each into an interest in the business, under the firm style as at present, Alexander Speer Sons, these latter gentlemen, like their father, having been literally brought up to the trade. The principal lines of manufacture for which the Globe Plow Works are distinguished, and which have a leading reputation all over the country, are hand Mr. Speer died in May, 1876, but the business is continued by his sons, without change in the firm name.products is about $200,000. The goods manufactured by this firm consist of all descriptions of cut and engraved ware, such as gas-shades, goblets, decanters, tumblers, etc. Also, table-ware, bar furniture, apothecary-shop furniture, gas and kerosene globes and chimneys, lantern glasses, and all kinds of blown and pressed ware. BRYCE, WALKER CO. The works now operated by this firm were established in 1850 by Brice McKee Co, changed in 1854 to Bryce, Richard Co., and in 1865 to Bryce, Walker Co., its present title. This firm is engaged in the manufacture of pearl and crystal table, lamp, and perfumery ware. They have three furnaces, and give employment to 200 hands, and, when in full operation, will turn out productions to the amount of $250,000. THE O' HARA GLASS COMPANY (LIMITED) was originally established in 1848, and carried on by James R. Lyon Co. until 1875, when the present company was organized, under a special mercantile law of the State, with the title of the O'Hara, Glass Company." The president of the company is James R. Lyon. They have two furnaces, and manufacture pressed flint-glass, table-ware, etc. They employ on an average 160 hands, and their annual products amount to $175,000. The works are located on the Allegheny River, at Thirtieth Street, Pittsburgh. CAMPBELL, JONES Co. The firm doing business under the above title are the successors to Shepherd Co., who established the works situated at the corner of Twentieth and Mary Streets, South Side, in 1863. The original firm conducted the business until 1865, when the present one, consisting of Messrs. J. W. Campbell, Jenkin Jones, John Davis, and John F. Loy, succeeded to the business. The line of goods manufactured by this firm is table-glass ware. The number of hands employed is 130; value of annual products, $160,000. KING, SON CO. This firm was established in 1865, under the style of Johnson, King Co., and so continued until 1869, when it was changed, as at present. The kind of manufactured products thrown into the market by the firm is crystal glassware of different descriptions, such as table and bar ware, etc. Their works and office are located at the foot of Eighteenth Street, Pittsburgh, South Side. They have two 10-pot furnaces, and employ 100 hands. AGNEW Co. The firm doing business under the above title was established in 1842, by Chambers, Agnew Co., at which time the works were located on the banks of the Allegheny River. The original firm carried on the business until 1854, when Mr. Chambers retired and formed the present firm of A. D. H. Chambers. The works have been been conducted by Mr. Agnew alone since the withdrawal of Mr. Chambers. They are located on Brownsville Avenue, just without the city limits. The nature of the manufactures of this firm is druggists' green glass and flintglass ware. There are two factories, one for each quality of glass made. When in full operation they will employ 100 hands; the annual value of products is $150,000. The senior member of the firm, Mr. Agnew, is one of the oldest practical glass manufacturers in Allegheny County, having been engaged in the business for nearly forty years. TIBBY BROTHERS. This firm operates two separate factories, one located at the corner of Twentysecond and Smallman Streets, Pittsburgh, and the other at Sharpsburg. The manufactories were both established in 1866, and have been coducted by the present proprietors since that date. Their manufactured goods consist of flint prescription vials and bottles. They employ in both factories 175 hands, and produce ware annually to the amount of $200,000. The firm consi sts of four brothers, namely, James, John, William, and Matthew, who are among the best practical glass manufacturers and business men of Allegheny County. CRYSTAL GLASS WORKS. The concern doing business under the above title was established and incorporated in 1868 for the manufacture of crystal glass, table and bar ware, and chimneys. Their works are located at the corner of Sixteenth and Washington Streets, Pittsburgh, South Side. They have two furnaces, employ 150 hands, and have an annual capacity for manufactured ware to the amount of $150 000. The President of the company is Daniel Bennett; Secretary, William Bennett; Treasurer, M. J. Bennett. THE PENN GLASS WORKS, which are located at the foot of Seventeenth Street, were established in April, 1 874, by the present firm-of Peter Kunzler Co. The nature of their manufactures by Bakewell, Pears Co., were erected, or at least the nucleus around which they developed. A brief sketch of this establishment, with all of those now in operation, follows this prefatory notice. M'CULLY CO. This establishment was founded in 1830 by William McCully, by whom it was continued until his death, in 1859, in connection with the present owners, N. W. Watson and J. McC. King. The works are very extensive, and located at various points. The window-glass factory is situated on Carson Street, on the South Side, and consists of two furnaces. The firm also operate a factory exclusively for green bottles, which is located in the Tenth Ward of Pittsburgh, and one other for the same kind of ware in the Twelfth Ward; also two flint-glass factories in the same locality. They employ, on an average, almost 600 hands, and manufacture glassware of different varieties to the annual amount of $650,000. THOMAS WIGHTMAN CO. The works now operated by this company, in West Pittsburgh, now the Thirtyfourth Ward, were erected by Colonel O'Hara in 1796, and conducted by him for some time; then by Frederick Lorenz, Sr.; afterwards by William McCully Co., which firm was composed of William McCully, Frederick Lorenz, and Thomas Wightman. In 1851, that firm was dissolved, the two latter withdrawing and forming the firm of Lorenz Wightman. After the death of Frederick Lorenz, Sr., the same works were operated by Frederick R. Lorenz, after whose retirement the works were leased by Fahnestock, Albree Co., and carried on by them for several years. In 1863, Thomas Wightman, M. A. Lorenz, and Alexander W. K. Nimick entered into partnership under the firm name of Lorenz Wightman, who carried on the same works until 1871. Thomas Wightman purchased the new works of Fahnestock, Albree Co., at Temperanceville, now the Thirty-sixth Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, including them with the works at the Thirtyfourth Ward, as operated by the aforesaid firm of Lorenz Wightman, until the death of the latter, when the surviving partners continued the business under the present firm name., When running full, they operate six factories, three of them for bottles, vials, etc., and the remainder for window-glass. At present, they do not run more than one-half full capacity. They employ 150 hands, and manufacture goods to the annual amount of $400,000. A. D. H. CHAMBERS. This firm was established in 1843, by the gentlemen at present comprising it. The works are located on Fifth and Bingham Streets, Pittsburgh, South Side. They manufacture window-glass, vials, and bottles; having five furnaces, three of which are in constant operation. They employ (when running full) about four hundred hands, and have an annual capacity for the manufacture of products to the amount of $400,000. CUNNINGHAM IHMSEN commenced the manufacture of window-glass, black-glass, flint-glass, and druggists' glassware, under the firm name of W. Cunningham Co., the former being the senior member of the present firm. The factories are located at Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Streets, South Side, Pittsburgh, and consist of three furnaces. They employ 280 hands, and have an annual capacity of $450,000. M'KEE BROS. This firm was established in 1853, under the title of F. J. McKee. It was continued under the original style until 1857, when it was changed to McKee Bros. In 1865, the junior member of the firm, Mr. Stewart McKee, was admitted in the copartnership, but no change in the title of the concern occurred. The factories are located on Eighteenth Street, South Side, and consist of four furnaces, which constitute the most extensive flint-glass manufactory in Allegheny County. The principal articles manufactured by the McKee Bros. are table and bar ware, druggists' furniture, jars, and chimneys. They give employment to 200 hands, and produce ware to the average annual value of $250,000. BAKEWELL, PEARS Co. This firm was established in 1808, under the name of Bakewell, Page Bakewell, and is now the oldest flint-glass works that have been in continuous operation west of the Alleghenies. The works are now situated on the South Side, but were formerly, and up to about 1850, located on the present site of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad depot. The original members of the firm are all deceased, those now conducting the business being the sons of the old members, and others who have become associated with them. The firm now consists of Benjamin Bakewell, Jr., B. B. Campbell (not now an active partner), and Messrs. Thomas C., Benjamin B., and Harry P. Pears. They have two 10O-pot furnaces, both in constant operation, averaging at least ten months a year. Their annual value of 113 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 114 is principally chimneys; but they also make a superior quality of tumblers, and some other description of crystal glassware. The factories consist of two furnaces, giving employment to about 140 hands, and turn out ware to the annual amount of $80,000. EVANS, SELL CO. were established in 1869. Their works are located at Twenty-first and Twentysecond Streets, South Side. They are engaged in the manufacture of chimneys and jars exclusively. They have two furnaces, employ 140 hands, and annually produce ware to the value of $150,000. ADAMS CO. The works now operated by this concern were erected in 1861 by a firm of which the present senior member was one. They manufacture table ware, lamps, jelly tumblers, and other articles of flint-glass. They have two furnaces, employ about 165 hands, and produce goods annually to the amount of $175,000. GEORGE DUNCAN SONS were first established in 1866 by Ripley Co., of whom the present firm are the successors. The works are located at the corner of Tenth and Washington Streets. They manufacture table and bar ware and other articles of flint-glass. They employ, on an average, 150 hands, and the ann ual products amount to about $165 000. DUFF CAMPBELL. The well-known and extensive window-glass manufactory of Duff Campbell was established in 1866 by Page, Zellers Co., who continued the business until 1871, when they were succeeded by the present firm. They are engaged in the exclusive manufacture of window-glass, of which they produce an amount annually valued at $125,000. They give constant employment to 55 hands, among whom are some of the most experienced practical glass-blowers in Pittsburgh. STEWART, ESTEP CO. are extensively engaged in the manufacture of window-glass, their works having been established in 1866 by Melling, Estep Co. The firm remained as originally formed until 1871, when Mr. Melling retired, but the business was continued without changing the firm name. Their works are located on the corner of Twenty-second and June Streets, Pittsburgh (South Side), and consist of two furnaces. They give employment to 80 hands, and their annual capacity in manufactured products amounts to about $175,000. PLUNKETT CO. erected their works in 1862 for the manufacture of flint glassware, such as chimneys, jars, etc. They have one furnace, which they operate ten months each year. The number of hands employed is 130, and the annual value of products is $100,000. DOYLE CO. This firm was permanently established in 1868, the works being located at the corner of Tenth and Washington Streets. They manufacture flint-glass, table, and other wares. They have one 10-pot furnace, which is in operation ten months each year. The number of hands employed is about 100, and produce goods annually to the value of $100,000. THE FORT PITT GLASS WORKS. These works are among the oldest now in existence in Allegheny County, having been established in 1827 by the old-time firm of Curling, Robertson Co. They continued the works up to 1857, when they were succeeded by Edward Dithridge, who was connected with the business until his death in 1873. The present firm consists of George W. Dithridge, Henry H. Collins, Paul Zimmerman, and G. W. Blair. The office and works of the company are located at the corner of Washington and Franklin Streets. The kind of ware manufactured by them is flint lamp-chimneys, of which they make an ex tensive variety. S. M' KEE CO. Among the oldest and most prominent glass works in Allegheny County are those established by Mr. S. McKee in the year 1834 and located at Birmingham, now partially constituting the Twenty-ninth Ward of the city of Pittsburgh. These works consist of three factories, two of which are used for the manufacture of glass, and one exclusively for bottles. These works give employment to about 200 hands, and turn out annually glassware to the value of $400,000, which finds a market in nearly every city in the Union. The principal of this establishment, Mr. McKee, is one of the oldest practical glass manufacturers in Pittsburgh, having been continuously engaged in the business for nearly fifty years. EXCELSIOR GLASS WORKS. These works were established in 1859 by the present proprietors, Messrs. Wolfe, Howard Co. They manufacture lamp-chimney and other flint glassware. Their office is located at No. 4 Wood Street, Pittsburgh, and they employ at their works, on an average, about 60 hands. KEYSTONE FLINT-GLASS MANUFACTORY. The above is controlled by a stock company, which was organized in 1872. The nature of the products of the establishment is chimney and silvered ware. The number of hands employed is 125; annual value of products, $150,000. The President of the company is Mr. George A. Macbeth; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. James B. Graham. The office and works are located on the corner of Third Avenue and Try Street, Pittsburgh. RIPLEY CO. were established in 1874. They manufacture crystal glass, table and bar ware, and lamps. Their factory is located at Eighth and Ninth and Bingham Streets, Pittsburgh, South Side, and consists of one 10-pot furnace, with the necessary buildings in which to transact their business. They employ 120 hands, and the annual value of their product is $120,000. STAINED GLASS. The process of staining glass for the ornamentation of sacred edifices and public buildings is a very interesting, one, and one which, for many years, was kept a profound secret from the general public. Of late years, however, the increased demand generated the dissemination of the secret, and many persons embarked in the business. Perhaps the pioneer in this class of work in Pittsburgh was William Nelson, who is located at 23 Market Street. The colors used in the decoration of glass are of mineral, such as gold, silver, cobalt, tin, copper, zinc, etc., which are fused and incorporated in the glass by heat, and become a part of the glass itself. The process of staining and ornamenting glass can be seen at any time at the works of Mr. Nelson, who extends an invitation to those interested to visit his establishment. THE COAL INTEREST. "The future, Peel says, " belongs to the nation which shall produce most coal." And basing the futurity of Allegheny County and its surroundings upon the assertion of the eminent statesman above quoted, the aspect of its prosperity is of the most promising nature. Novel applications of steam are daily narrowing the field of rude manual labor, and coal seems certain to remain for centuries the most available calorific agent. A country whose employment of this mineral is checked by dwindling supplies and expanding cost of extraction, is doubtless doomed to eventual exclusion from the marts of the world; and in a recent comparative statement of amounts and progressive rates of coal production the English statesman would probably have recognized the handwriting on the wall. The total yield of the mineral throughout the world, including bituminous, anthracite, and lignite varieties, was estimated, for the year 1873, at 273,704,055 tons, of which England was credited with about one-half, or, in exact figures, 127,016,747 tons. The United States ranked second in the list, having extracted 50,512,000 tons of which the single State of Pennsylvania furnished about 35,000,000, an amount exceeding the united quotas of France, Austria, and Russia, and constituting almost one-fifth of the whole production of the globe. Of the latter amount the western district of the State, comprising Allegheny, Washington, Westmoreland, and Fayette Counties, furnished about 5,000,000 tons, or about one-seventh of the entire production. Still more significant are the figures which exhibit the comparative rates of progression in the development of different coal fields. During the last half-century the yield of Pennsylvania has successively doubled with each decade, while England's production, although expanding with curious regularity, requires a period of fifteen years to show an equivalent gain. It is probable that the rate of production in Pennsylvania will be rather accelerated than diminished, since a possible falling off in the delivery of antbracite mines (whose area is limited) must be more than compersated from those exhaustless bituminous deposits which lie west of Alleghenies, and within the province of our present labors. On the other hand, it appears, from the report of the Parliamentary Commission, that while the English coal fields are in no immediate danger of depletion, a sensible increase in the expense of mining may be expected at an early day. In this case, therefore, we are justified in drawing an inference from statistics, and a simple calculation demonstrates that Pennsylvania should outstrip England in theHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.' 115 production of this mineral within sixty years from the present time. In other words, the men are already born who may see a State, which now clamors for protection, controlling, with paramount authority, the most essential adjunct of human industry, and so far qualified to undersell competitors in every free market throughout the world. We have sought, in the subjoined pages, to present a separate brief historical sketch of tlle works of some of the most prominent coal operators in this County, which we trust will constitute a fair criterion of the general status of the coal trade here7 without necessitating an individual particularization of the numerous firms engaged in the business. H. B. HAYS BRO. The works of this firm were established in 1828, by Jame s H. Hays. They employ 500 hands; pay $160,000 wages, annually; have 200 houses, valued at $100,000; they have 500 pit wagons, 10 horses, and 20 mules; the improvemelts are valued at $300,000, and the annual product of the mines is 4,000,000 bushels. The firm own, in all, 3500 acres of coal-land. WM. H. BROWN. The coal business now carried on by the Messrs. Brown, under the old style of W. H. Brown, was established in 1846 by M. Corey. They are among the most extensive works in the County, employing 325 hands, and producing, 4,000,000 bushels of the calorific commodity per annum. The yearly amount of wages paid's $128,000. They have 150 houses, valued at $37,500; pit wagons, 275, valued at $8500; the improvements are valued at $45,000. The whole number of cres owned by the firm in Pool No. 2, is 550. They have 8 tow-boats, valued at $200,000; barges, 278, value, $270,000; flats, 47, value, $14,100. They also own a locomotive, used in the transportation of the coal about the works. They also have works in Pool No. 3, which were established by the Black Diamond Coal Company in 1858. These works employ 200 hands, and produce 1,000,000 bushels; wages, $48,000; houses, 70, value of same, $20,000; pit cars, 150, value, $4500; improvements, $9000; mules, 10; number of acres, 325. Also, in Pool No. 3, they own and operate works established in 1861 by Jenkins 3ro., which employ 125 hands, and produce 700,000 bushels annually; wages paid, $300,000 houses, 35, value of same, $14,000 number of pit cars, 100, value, $3000; improvements, $10,000; mules, 6 number of acres, 1000. JOSEPH WALTON CO. These works were established in 1863, by Joseph Walton, Peter Haberman, and Joseph Keeling, and so continued until 1872, when I. N. Bunton was admitted, Mr. Keeling retiring. The firm own and operate four mines, one in Pool No. 1, at Six Mile Ferry, called the Haberman Works. The statistics, as shown by Thurston in his recent work, are: Hands employed, 175; number bushels mine 1,500,000; wages paid, $60,000; houses, 25; improvements, $30,000 mule,, 10; number of acres of coal land, 150, value $148,000; barges, 140, value $140,000. They also have two mines in Pool No 2, near West Elizabeth, called the Upper and Lower Works. The Upper Works were established in 1855 by O'Neil Berry. Number of hands employed, 175; number of bushels mined, 1,500,000; yearly wages, $64,000; houses, 40, value, $24,000; improvements, $45,000; number of acres, 200. The Lower Works were established in 1870, by Walton Co. Number of lands, 175; bushels of coal mined, 1,500, 000 yearly wages, $64,000; value, $36,000; improvements, $80,000 number of acres, 200. The firm also own and operate a mine in the Fourth Pool, called the Leadbeater Works, located at Greenfield. We have no statistics at hand touching this latter mine. J. C. RISHER Co. The Amity and Dravo Works of J. C. Risher Co. were established in 1863, by the present firm. They are located at Dravosburgh. The firm consists of J. C. Risher, Daniel Risher, and S. S. Crump. They produce 25,000 bushels of coal per day; they own 4 steamboats and 116 barges, and employ 300 hands. The firm commenced with the Amity Works, and in 1867 purchased the Dravo Works adjoining, of John F. Dravo, Esq. J. C. RISHER has one mine in Pool No. 2, established by James O'Neil in 1866. Employs 100 hands; produce, 1,000,000 bushels; annual wages, $84,000; improvements, $1500; number of acres, 450; tow-boats, 4; barges, 90; flats, 20. O' NEIL CO. was organized in 1860 by J. N. Wm. W. O'Neil, and the business was conducted by them until 1866, when S. P. L. N. Large were admitted into the copatnership, and the style of the firm was changed to its present title. The works are located in Pool No. 2, at West Elizabeth. Daily capacity, 12,000, bushels. Number of hands employed, 170. Number of barges, 120. GEORGE LYSLE SONS. The works operated by the present firm of George Lysle Sons were established in 1840, by the senior member of the concern. They are located in Pool No. 2, at Camden. They employ 175 hands, and mine 1,250,000 bushels of coal per annum. They pay wages to the annual amount of $96,000, have 46 houses, valued at $19,000, and have improvements of a gross value of $253,000. Their area is 300 acres. They have 2 tow-boats, 45 barges, and 10 flats. The firm consists of George Lysle and his two sons, Addison and George Lysle, Jr. A third son, Thompson, deceased, was a partner in the business, and his interests are still retained by his heirs. REDMAN FAWCETT are the proprietors of the Green Springs Coal Works, which were opened up in 1875. The works are located opposite Braddock's Field, and contain an area of 110 acres. They employ 175 hands. Number of bushels mined annually, 1, 500,000; amount paid yearly in wages, $60,000; number of houses, 50; value, $20,000; improvements, $45,000. THE COKE INTEREST. A more simply produced article than coke cannot be made by process of manufacture, and yet it is now an article of trade as necessary to the vitality of the iron manufacturing interests as salt (an equally simple article of production) is to the human race. With the growth of the iron and steel producing interests of the country, the production of coke has become a matter of a distinct business of singular magnitude; and, notwithstanding the simplicity in form of production, it is distinguished by the peculiarity of being of various qualities and valuesarising from the different qualities of the coal employed. Without taking our own authority upon the subject to support us in an argument upon this point, it may seem more forcible to some of our readers if we advert to foreign opinion in the matter. Those familiar with the iron and steel trades will readily bring to mind the "Notes of a Visit to the Coal and Iron Mines and Iron Works in the United States, written by Mr. J. L. Bell, F.R.S., President of the Iron and Steel Institute of Europe, a year or two ago. That gentleman ought, at least, to have understood the subject whereof he made "Notes, and that he did understand them is evident, even by his "Notes." Notably, in speaking of the coals of the anthracite and bituminous areas, he regarded them especially well adapted for furnace purposes, and recognized the Connellsville coke of a character entitled to preference among furnace men, a feature which is well established by them. THE PITTSBURGH CONNELLSVILLE GAS, COAL, AND COKE CO. Of the establishments in that locality giving practical demonstration of Mr. Bell's idea, we can instance no better than the Pittsburgh Connellsville Gas, Coal, and Coke Company, whose works are located at Connellsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, some fifty-six: miles above Pittsburgh, on the line of the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad (with which it has connections), and whose office is at 83 Wood Street, Pittsburgh. This important concern was started in 1864, with 40 ovens. Its business does not seem to have been marked with much success till after its present manager, Captain John F. Dravo, took hold of it in 1868, when there were altogether not more than 30 car-loads of coke shipped per day from the entire Connellsville region. These works alone now have 203 ovens, with productive capacity of 15,000 bushels of coke per diem, consuming 12,000 bushels of coal. The proprietors own coal mines and surfaces of 300 acres, with a vein 10 feet thick, and are now working three mines. The coke made by the company named seems to be the standard article among blast-furnace men and foundrymen, if such establishments using it as the Cambria Iron Works, the Isabella Furnaces, the South St. Louis Iron Company, the Crowther Iron Company of Newcastle, Pennsylvania, and two large furnace companies at Irontown, Ohio, one of which is the Etna (one of the largest of its kind in America), are any index of the representative iron works of the country. For shipping facilities the works possess every advantage, having connections not only with the Connellsville, or Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, but also with the Southwestern Pennsylvania Railroad, including the Pennsylvania Central, for connecting with which the company have two locomotives and one hundred and sixty coke cars. The concern is especially worthy of notice at our hands, not alone because ofpast half-century, having first commenced business as a wholesale grocer in connection with his brother, John Dalzell, and Josiah King, the present editor and part proprietor of the Gazette. He did not commence business as an oil manufacturer, however, until 1855, when he established the firm under the style of James Dalzell Son, though the present junior member did not enter the partnership until after the decease of his brother, who was a member of the original oil manufacturing firm. They employ ten hands, and do an annual business to the amount of $150,000. THE PARAFFINE OIL AND WAX WORKS. Marvelous has been the growth and progress in the utilization of apparently worthless substances. As an instance illustrative of the ingenious arrangement by which the (until recently) supposed useless article, known as the residuum of petroleum, in other words, the substance formed in the stills used for the manufacture of burning oils, is utilized, we give a brief sketch of the manufactory at which this somewhat wonderful operation is accomplished. The modus operandi is first to distil the residuum in stills made of one-eighthinch boiler-plate iron. The next process is to place the distilled liquid in cans, and freeze in a manner not dissimilar to that used in freezing ice cream, then press in slack presses, then treat with acid and soda. After these various processes it is again pressed in hydraulic presses, then either melted or pounded into barrels for shipment, in the state of crude wax. This is sent to a refinery, where, after being re-treated with benzine, it is made into wax candles of a very superior quality. These are mostly exported, principally to Europe. The oil, also procured from the residuum, makes an admirable lubricating oil. The process is to treat the liquid not used for wax with acid and soda, then barrel and ship. It is similar in temperature to the oil manufactured in Scotland from shale, a sort of earthy substance forming the substratum of certain localities in that country. The Paraffine Oil and Wax Works were established by the present owner, Mr. Charles T. Place, in 1868. They are located on Herr's Island, which constitutes the Eighth Ward of Allegheny City. They cover an area of nearly three acres, and are under the assistant management of Mr. E. W. Strain. PITTSBURGH COPPER AND BRASS WORKS, C. G. Hussey Co., proprietors, are located at Soho, formerly a suburb, now a part of Pittsburgh, on the bank of the Monongahela River. As the most prominent in the State, and the first one in the country devoted exclusively to the reduction of American ore, its history is worthy of special attention. In 1843 Dr. Hussey became interested in the copper territory of the upper peninsula of Michigan, and, at first acq uiring his title by lease and locating his claims, he purchased the property which he had located as soon as the government placed it in the market. In 1845, with certain Eastern capitalists whose interests were identical, he formed a joint stock company, entitled the " Pittsburgh and Boston Mining, Cornpany," of which he subsequently became president. The same year they opened the " Cliff Mine," on Eagle River, which established' the value of the mining district of that section, and produced about $8,000,000 worth of copper before exhaustion. Rendering this ore into operation was at first a slow process. There were but four smelting works in the country at this date, and none were able to meet the necessities of reducing the ponderous blocks of almost pure copper produced in the Lake Superior region. Dr. Hussey conceived and perfected an idea whereby these heavy blockis, sometimes weighing four or five tons, were deposited in the oven of the reverberatory furnace by means of a movable top, and this he proceeded to practically test by erecting the Pittsburgh furnace in 1850. The success was so great that the improvement was adopted by every furnace in the country using the Lake Superior ore. The mines from which the, raw material was obtained have of late been exhausted, and but little is now done at the furnaces except melting the " scraps." The metal at present worked at the rolling mills is obtained from smelting works on Lake Superior, and is received in flat blocks weighing about one hundred and fifty pounds each. These, after being melted and reduced to the thickness desired, by passing through train-rolls, have the oxide, which forms upon the surface from contact with the air, removed by a process peculiar to these works. This process, though simple, requires great experience and skill in its proper manipulation. From seventy to one hundred employees are constantly engaged; they are mostly Welsh, from the Swansea district. The value of the annual product of these works amounts to from seven to eight hundred thousand dollars. The brass foundry contains ten furnaces. The copper and Zinc are placed together in crucibles, in such proportions as will prothe magnitude of its transactions, or its identity with the coal and iron interests of the country, but as illustrating, to some extent, the causes of variety in the quality of the products of both coke and iron, ranking, as it infinitely does, the foremost establishment of its kind in America. The present General Manager, Captain J. F. Dravo, was for many years the President of the Pittsburgh Coal Exchange, and is now First Vice-President of the Chamber of Commerce. (See portrait and biographical sketch of this gentleman elsewhere in our work.) THE OIL-REFINING INTEREST. From the first discovery in 1859, by ColoneL Dake, near Titusville, of petroleum in strata of pebble deposit, commonly called " sand rock," to the present time, considerable and generally perfect information has been periodically laid before the public. The producing belts have been traced and bounded only by years of labor in expensive development. In this brief sketch we shall casually glance at the general statistics of the business, but we shall,as nearly as possible, confine ourselves to the refining of the oil as being the only interest in the vast commercial community which belongs properly to Allegheny County. During the fifteen years which have elapsed since the striking of the Drake well, the Pennsylvania oil region had produced up to January 18, 1875, 67, 700,000 barrels of oil, which brought at the wells the sum of $235,500,000. Of this amount 3,200,000 barrels are stored to-day in the tanks of the oil region. The total production since 1859, in exact figures, has been 67,707,094 barrels; average price, $348; total value of yield at wells, $235,475,120.35; total amount exported, 32,490,971 barrels; total value at wells of crude oil exported, $113, 950 153.26. The refining of this oil, at a cost of $2 per barrel, or 75 per cent. of the total amount, makes an additional value of $l00,000,000. There has been exported a crude equivalent of 32,500,000 barrels, the value of which, at the wells, without refining, freight, or handling, was $114,000,000. The freight on 40,000,000 barrels to the seaboard, at an average of $2.50 per barrel, would amount to $100 000 000; so that the value received from abroad for the export would exceed, at a minimum estimate, the sum of $260 000 )000. The total number of wells drilled in the region from the start in 1859 to January 1, 1869, on or near actual producing territory, was 5560. The amount of oil produced up to January 1, I869, was something less than 25,700,000 barrels, giving an entire average production of each well at nearly 4600 barrels. The amount realized for oil up to January 1, 1869, gave an average of $4.06 per barrel, or $18,700 for each well. From that time forward until the present (January 1, 1875), the outline of the underlying strata being better understood and defined, and the failures proportionately less, the figures are as follows: In 1869 there were drilled 991 wells; in 1870, 1007; in 1871, 946; in 1872, 1032; in 1873, 530; and in 1874, 433 wells. Total from 1869 to 1874, inclusive, 4939 wells. This estimate is exclusive of those bored in non-producing territory. We now proceed to the consideration of the refining interests, so far as they pertain to the province of our labors, viz., Allegheny County, of which Pittsburgh is the centre in this business. There are in all twenty-eight firms engaged in the refining, of oil, of which we particularize the following,: Central, controlled by a stock company, of which William McKelvey is President, has a weekly capacity of 21,547 barrels. Vesta Works, R. S. Waring, proprietor, 16,354 barrels. Brilliant, Lockhart Frew, 12,078 barrels. Standard, N. Graver, President, 7250 barrels. Citizens', Brush Lym, 7072 barrels. American, Holdship Irwin, 6828 barrels. E. D. Miller's Works, 5238 barrels Star, E. J. Waring, 3718. The total number of.stills operated is 134, the total weekly capacity of same 128,6S5 barrels. The average equvivalent is 46 gallons to the barrel. The oil is -transported from the wells by pipe, rail, and boat; the transportation being about equally divided. Since the financial panic of 1873, the business has been generally depressed, but the prospects for a fair average business during the present year are more promising. The partiality of some of the prominent railroad officials in favor of Cleveland over Pittsburgh has been detrimental as affecting the oil as well as other interests of the latter city. The principal markets for the refined oil are New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, to which points a comparative uniformity in freights should be established. LARD OIL. The representative firm engaged in the manufacture of lard oil is that of James Dalzell Son, whose factory and office are located at Nos. 69 and 70 Water Street, Pittsburgh, extending, through to First Avenue. The senior member of this firm has been intimately identified with the commercial interests of Pittsburgh for the HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 116COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 17 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY duce the best quality of brass, and when melted, the metal is moulded into flat cakes, which, after being annealed in an oven, are removed to the rolling mills and there rolled into whatever thickness of sheet is desired, the oxide being removed and the product left pure and ready for the market. The product of this extensive concern consists of various-sized sheets of copper, in weight from eight ounces to fifty pounds to the square foot, and as wide as nine feet; circles cut from three inches to nine feet in diameter, pressed and trimmed bottoms for stoves, furniture, patent planished copper, patent spunbrass kettles, roll and sheet brass, etc. The original and present members of the firm controlling this important industry are C. G. Hussey and Thomas M. Howe. The senior partner, Dr. Hussey, has been intimately connected with the business and commercial interests of Pittsburgh for the past forty years. He is at present, and has been since its establishment, one of the firm of Hussey, Wells Co., who own and operate a very extensive steel works, a notice of which can be found under the caption " Steel," elsewhere in this work. THE WHITE LEAD TRADE. There are six manufacturing establishments engaged in the production of white lead and the general articles of the trade. Below we give a brief sketch of each: BEYMER, BAUMAN CO. This firm, known as the Standard White Lead Works, was established in 1867 by the present members of it. The nature of their productions is white lead, red lead, potter's lead, orange mineral, and colors. The works are located at the corner of Bidwell Street and Penn Avenue, Allegheny City, and the office adjoining the National Exchange Bank, Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh. The number of hands employed is forty; annual capacity, twenty-five hundred tons. C. F. WELLS Co. manufacture the same articles as the above firm, with the exception of colors. This establishment is located on River Avenue, and is known as the Pennsylvania White Lead Works. Number of hands employed, thirty annual capacity, eighteen hundred tons. T. H. NEVIN CO. was established in 1841. They manufacture white lead and colors, their productions being of a similar nature to those of the firms mentioned above. The works are located at the corner of Grant Street and Western Avenue, Allegheny City. They give employment to about thirty hands; annual capacity, one thousand tons. DAVIS CHAMBERS Co. This firm is engaged in the exclusive manufacture of pure goods, consisting of white lead and colors. They were established in 1865. The works of the company are located in Carson Street, Pittsburgh (South Side). They employ fortyfive hands, and have a capacity for an annual production of two thousand tons. ARMSTRONG M'KELVIE are the proprietors of the Keystone Lead and Color Works, which were established in 1870, principally by the present firm. They are corroders and manufacturers of strictly pure white lead, dry and in.oil. They employ about forty hands, and produce annually one thousand tons of manufactured goods. THE FAHNESTOCK WHITE LEAD CO. This corporation was originally founded in 1857 by B. L. Fahnestock Co., but was not incorporated under its present title until 1872. Mr. B. L. Fahnestock, the senior member of the old firm and president of the existing company, commenced business in 1829, having associated himself with B. A. Fahnestock in the dru- business in that year. The works of the Fahnestock White Lead Company are among the best in all their appointments to be found in the United States. Up to the organization of the present concern in 1872, their manufactory was located in Liberty Street, Pittsburgh; but in the same year it was destroyed by fire, and the substantial structure now owned and occupied by then at Dallas Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was erected. The company give employment to thirty-five hands (their excellent machinery dispensing with many), and annually produce two thousand tons of manufactured articles, including white lead, dry and in oil, red lead, orange mineral, litharge, glass-makers' and potters' lead and putty. The Secretary of the company is B. S. Fabnestock; Treasurer;, B. F. Vandevort. PENNSYLVANIA LEAD CO. This company was incorporated in 1873. They are engaged in the smelting and refining of white lead, a business altogether different from the manufacture of the article for paint, etc., but we arrange it under the caption of tlle White Lead Trade in order to avoid a too numerous classification. The' President of the company is J. E. Schwartz; Secretary, J. B. Arnold. The works are located at Mansfield Station, on the Panhandle Railroad. THE SALT TRADE. Salt, as everybody knows, is a very essential commodity, and bears about the same relation to human existence as iron does to commerce, as compared with the more costly articles of every-day use. In and around Pittsburgh it is obtained in abundance and of excellent quality, in aqueous form, from wells or springs in the midst of coal, oil, and gas. It has been a common thing of late years for parties boring for oil or gas to strike salt-springs, and vice versa. The first discovery of a salt-sprinlg in Pennsylvania occurred in 1816, at or near the town of Saltzburg, Indiana County; a Colonel Johnson, from Philadelphia, being the discoverer. Today the product is immense, the largest works hereabouts devoted exclusively to it being probably those of Messrs. Haller, Beek Co., in Allegheny City and South Pittsburgh, known as the UNION SALT WORKS, which yield about three hundred barrels a day, or about nine thousand barrels or twelve hundred tons a year. The works are finely arranged, the well being a flowing one; but a large steam-pump is also used, in order to increase the capacity of the establishment. Mr. A. Haller is the founder of the establishment, or, at all events, the originator of the present concern, and gives his attention mainly to the operations of the works, while Mr. Beek attends to the mercantile portion of the business. GRAHAM ALLEN. The salt-manufacturing firm of Messrs. Graham Allen was established in 1860. The intention of' the original owners was to bore for oil; which they did, and, instead of oil, struck salt. This is also a flowing well, having a capacity of about one hundred barrels per day. The yield is ten per cent. salt, the flow being about one thousand barrels per day. The firm manufactures four grades of salt, viz., dairy, extra No. 1, No. 1, and coarse. THE PENNSYLVANIA SALT MANUFACTURING CO. If a new treatise were proposed to be written " On the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation, to be illustrated by the variety and formation of the Mineral Kingdom and by discoveries in Arts and Sciences, a natural substance entirely unknown when the Earl of Bridgewater made his munificent bequest, and Kidd, Buckland, and Prout wrote their memorable papers, would prominently claim the attention of the writer, and the processes by which it is converted to human uses become an important part of the argument. This substance, the mineral cryolite, is even now comparatively unknown. Its peculiar composition and location, its inexhaustible abundance, and the variety of substances necessary to human comfort which are made from it, will render it of great interest to the popular as well as the scientific reader. The magnificent industry by which this material is utilized includes also in its operations the manufacture, on an immense scale, of many of the most important productions of the laboratory. It is, moreover, American. We propose, therefore, to lay before our readers a brief sketch of the organization and history of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, and describe what was recently seen of its stupendous works, its processes of manufacture, and its products. The Organization. On the 25 th of September, 1850, a charter was issued by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to a number of gentlemen of Philadelphia, among whom were Messrs. George T. Lewis, George C. Carson, Samuel F. Fisher, Thomas F. Sparkes, Samuel Simes, T. G. Hollingsworth, Charles Newbold, Charles Lennig, and others, who thereby associated themselves together for the purpose of engaging in the manufacture of the soda ash of commerce, under the corporate name of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company. This title was partially a misnomer, as the manufacture of salt was not their primary object; but, at that time, there existed no law in Pennsylvania under which a company could be chartered for the manufacture of chemicals. There was, however, a general manufacturing law, containing a clause under which a company could be organized for the manufacture of salt and the products derived therefrom, and under this clause theBY S. W. DURANT. which they named the Mohicannittuck, they explored the region round about, and, after several months' absence, returned to their country, where they reported everything they had seen. They described the country as abounding in fruits, game, fish, and fowl, and as destitute of inhabitants. Believing this a country destined for them by the Great Spirit, they proceeded to colonize it, and established themselves upon the four rivers, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, and Potomac. The Delaware, which they named the Lenape Wihittuck (river of the Lenape), they made the centre of their possessions.t They say a portion of their nation did not reach this country, but remained behind to assist another portion, who, frightened by the reception which the Allegewi had given them, fled far to the westward of the Namoesi Sipu. The Lenape nation was finally divided into three great bodies, the larger portion settling along the Atlantic and the eastern slopes of the Allegheny Mountains; another along the eastern bank of the Mississippi, and a third, the larger of the last two, remaining on the west side of that river. The Atlantic branch was subdivided into three tribes: the Turtle or Unamis, the Turkey or Unalachtgo, and the Wolf or Minsi. The former two inhabited the coast from the Hudson to the Potomac. The Minsi, called by the English Moncey or Muncie, the most warlike tribe, dwelt in the interior, forming a barrier between their people and the Mengwe. They extended from Minisink, on the Delaware, where they had their councilseat, to the Hudson on the east, and occupied the valleys of the Delaware and Susquehanna, and reached west as far as the valleys of the Lehigh and Caughnawaga. There were also many subordinate tribes, named from accident or location, as the Shawanese, who are said by the French to have come from the valley of the Cumberland River; by others, from Florida, where they dwelt on the banks of the Suwanee River, whence their name; the Susquehannas, the Nanticokes, the Shackamaxons, the Neshamines, the Mantas, and others. The Miamis, the Wyandots, and many other tribes in the west also claimed the Delawares as their forefathers. The Mengwe remained along the borders of the great lakes for some time, uncertain whether they were safe from the terrible Allegewi; but at length, becoming assured, they spread themselves along the St. Lawrence River on both sides, and became the near neighbors of the Delawares on their whole northern frontier. In process of time, the Lenape and the Mengwe became bitter enemies. The Lenape, or Delawares, claim this was brought about by the Mengwe, who stirred up the Cherokees, by cunning treachery, against them. Their treachery was at length discovered, and the Lenape turned upon them with the determination of exterminating them. Their hatred was rendered the deeper from the fact that the Mengwe were said to have followed the practice of roasting and eating their captives; thus reducing them in the eyes of the Lenape to a level with the brutes. In order to defend themselves the better against the Lenape, the various tribes of the Menywe formed a confederation called the Five Nations, consisting of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. The number was subsequently changed in 171 2 by the admission of the Tuscaroras, who had been driven from North Carolina by the whites. From that date they were known as the Six Nations, and were no doubt the most celebrated and powerful of all the Indian nations of North America. They were called by the French, the Iroquois. Their grand council-house was CHAPTER I. INDIAN NATIONS-ANCIENT TRADITIONS. AT the date of the earliest discoveries made in North America by Europeans, the whole vast region lying between Labrador on the north and the Roanoke River and the Ohio on the south, and between the Atlantic seaboard on the east and the Mississippi River on the west, was occupied by various nations of the copper-colored races, who, though subdivided into many tribes and speaking a great variety of dialects, claimed to have descended from two original peoples, known as the Lenni Lenape e and Mengwe. The former were known among their derivative nations, also, as the Wapanachki, corrupted by Europeans into Openaki, Openagi, Abenaquis, and Apenakis or Abenakis. They were subsequently known among the whites under the general name of Delawares. These occupied the region extending from the Hudson River, called by them the Mohicannittuck, across the State of New Jersey, and including a large portion of Pennsylvania. Nearly forty tribes acknowledged the Delawares as their " grandfathers" or progenitors. An ancient tradition was current among them, at the time of their acquaintance with the whites, that many centuries ago their ancestors dwelt far to the west in the wilds of the Continent. That after many years they began moving eastward, and arrived, in course of time, on the banks of a great river, which they named the Namoesi Sipu, or river of fish (Mississippi). Here they first met the Mengwe, who had also migrated from a country far to the north and west, and had also finally reached the Mississippi at points north of where the Lenni Lenape had approached it. The spies of the Lenni Lenape reported that the country to the eastward of the great river was inhabited by a powerful people called " Tallagawe," or "Allegewi," from whom came the names of the Allegheny River and Mountains.* These people lived in large cities, situated along the principal streams and surrounded by fortifications. They were represented as being tall and strong, and some of them of gigantic stature. The Lenape asked permission to cross the river and settle in their vicinity. This was refused; but the Allegewi told them they could cross and proceed eastward to a country beyond the Allegewi. The Lenape accepted the proposition, and commenced crossing; but the Allegewi, becoming alarmed at their numbers, fell upon them and destroyed all who had got over, and warned the others that a like fate awaited them should they attempt the passage. In this dilemma the Lenape sought out the Mengwe, and took counsel with them. An alliance, offensive and defensive, was entered into, the two nations agreeing to conquer and divide the country. A terrible war followed, protracted through many years, with great slaughter on both sides, for the Allegewi fought valiantly for their country; but at length the united nations prevailed and the Allegewi were conquered, and the remnant of them driven far to the southward. The conquerors appropriated the land and divided it between them, the Menywe taking the country around the great lakes, and the Lenape choosing the region lying to the south and along the Ohio River and its tributaries. After many ages, during which the nations lived peaceably beside each other, the hunters of the Lenape crossed the mountains and discovered the rivers Susquehanna and Delaware, and the great bays into which they discharge their waters. Eventually they explored the country beyond the Delaware (now New Jersey), and named it the Scheyichbi Country. Arriving on the banks of the Hudson, * These traditions would seem to be connected with the pre-historic race familiarly known as the Mound-Builders. T Heckewelder. 11 r I 7 ( ) - t OF - j ( , - T I I - T. -1 - T 0 9118 charter was issued, as soda is, by one process, a direct product from salt. These gentlemen had, some years previously, been interested in patents for several new processes for manufacturing soda by the decomposition of salt, and extensive and costly experiments had been carried on, resulting, however, in partial or entire failure, and in the determination to abandon these processes for the ordinary method of manufacturing soda ash, Le Blanc's process, or the decomposition of salt by sulphuric acid, and its calcination with limestone and coal-dust. A suitable location for a manufactory was selected on the Allegheny River, twenty-four miles from Pittsburgh, at a point now known as Natrona, on the line of what was then the Pennsylvania Canal, the main thoroughfare between the head-waters of navigation in the West and the tide-water of the East. The country was then comparatively undeveloped at this point; but the property purchased by the company contained coal in unlimited abundance, and a plentiful supply of salt water was obtained upon sinking wells. Extensive works were immediately erected, including everything necessary for the manufacture of salt and sulphuric acid, and the manufacture of soda ash was commenced and vigorously prosecuted. This product, as is well known, is a crude form of the carbonate of soda, and is largely used in the manufacture of glass and soap, its importation from England annually averaging almost ninety millions of pounds. The company now found it impracticable to manufacture soda ash, owing to the low wages paid for foreign labor in this branch of industry, which rendered competition in cost of production impossible. The directors thereupon thought it desirable to attempt the manufacture of the higher and better grades of soda in place of this lower and less remunerative one. These higher grades are known by the names sal-soda, bicarbonate of soda, and caustic soda, all purer and more finished articles, and now largely consumed in many trades and occupations, and in the various processes of domestic economy. We have before us an exhaustive little manual upon the different processes by which the products of the works are manufactured, but we are debarred, by limited space, from entering into details; suffice it, therefore, to close this sketch with a brief description of the works at Natrona. The place takes its name from Natron, the native carbonate of soda. As we approach Natrona, the village, a thrifty, substantial-looking place, lies on the right of the railroad (the Western Pennsylvania). Beyond it and between the road and the river are " The Works, a wilderness of huge, queer-looking buildings of stone, brick, and wood, with a score of towering chimneys, from which vast clouds of smoke and steam rise heavenward. The grounds here comprise some forty acres, twenty-five of which are actually covered by the manufactories of the company, twenty-five acres of buildings in one establishment! On our way to the office, one of the most striking objects is a mountain of that rare material, the cryolite,-some thousands of tons,-precisely as it came "From Greenland's icy mountains," and not far away another miniature mountain, not much smaller, of native sulphur from Sicily; the one from the hyperborean regions of almost perpetual snow, and dug from beneath the Arctic waters, the other the product of the internal fires, and thrown from the bowels of the earth by " Triniaerian Etna." The offices of the company are one (the central) at No. 121 Walnut Street, Philadelplhia. The others are at Natrona and at Pittsburgh. The officers of the concern, under its present organization, are: Albert F. Damon, President; Samuel Simes, Treasurer; Samuel F. Fisher, F. P. Steel, Thomas S. Ellis, Joshua B. Lippincott, Andrew M. Eastwick, and James Simpson, Directors. COTTON MANUFACTURES. THE EAGLE COTTON MILLS COMPANY. This company was organized April 27, 1867, under the general manufacturing laws of Pennsylvania. It is managed by a board of five directors, of which the president is one, and a treasurer. The first president was Joshua Rhodes, who served until July, 1867; he was succeeded by Captain C. W. Batchelor, who continued in that position until January, 1874, when he resigned. The present manauement consists of O. M. Harper, President; C. W. Batchelor, J. H. Dalzell, J. W. Cook, and Ralph Bagaley, Directors; with Robert B. Townsend, Treasurer. Joel Smith, Jr., has been the superintendent since the organization of the company. The principal factory is located on Sandusky, Isabella, and Roinson Streets, Allegheny City, near the margin of the Allegheny River, and consists of a number of brick buildings, the first of which was erected in 1832, by Arbuckles Avery, and was operated as a cotton-yarn mill. That firm, by their skillful manufacturing, acquired a celebrity for their yarns above any other brand in the Western market, where, at that period, and for a long time afterwards, this article of merchandise was very extensively used in domestic manufactures, as warps for jeans, blankets, and satinets. The Eagle Mill has always sustained an enviable position in the market, and received the highest market price for its goods. During the first year of the present company's existence, operations were confined to this site alone,-the Eagle Mill,-in which one hundred and forty looms were devoted to the production of sheeting,s, in addition to the machinery in the specialties of yarns, carpet warps, twines, and wicks. Additional looms were shortly afterwards introduced, and the number increased to two hundred and twenty, with auxiliary machinery of new and improved pattern. The Eagle Mill now contains 84 sets of cards, 9700 spindles (beside twister and spooler spindles), 6 dressers, and 220 looms, together with a complete machineshop for repairs, a commodious warehouse, fine office building, and superintendent's residence on the grounds, which cover an area of nearly one acre, the dimeusions being 218 by 197 feet. In January, 1872, the company purchased the property known as the Banner Mills, formerly owned by Park, Painter Co., and fronting on Main, Sycamore, and Carroll Streets, in the same city, with a commodious cotton-house attached. The area of ground measures 163 feet by 100 feet, besides the lot on which the warehouse is built, which is of the dimensions of 25 feet by 116 feet. This mill contains 63 cards, 26 spinning frames, 8 twisters, and 32 bag looms, besides machinery for other specialties, and a fine repair-shop. Both mills are operated by Corliss steam engines; that in the Eagle Mill has a 26-inch cylinder and 4 feet stroke; the other, in the Banner Mill, has a cylinder of 23 inches and 4 feet stroke of piston. In the latter mill, the company manufacture, bags, twine, carpet warps, and hosiery yarns. All the goods of these two factories are placed in the market as the product of the Eagle corporation, and are very favorably known both East and West. The goods are sold by agents of the company in Cincinnati, Louisville, Chicago, and St. Louis, whilst other cities are supplied direct from the mills. The weekly consumption of cotton by the two factories is one hunmdred bales, of which the Eagle takes sixty, and the Banner forty. The cash value of the annual products, of course, varies with the price of the raw material, but the average amounts to about $600,000. The capital of the company is $300,000, all of which is paid. THE PENN MILLS. This factory, which occupies one of the most imposing manufacturing establishments in Allegheny County, was started in 1845, by Kennedy, Childs Co., and has been conducted by them ever since. The nature of their products is sheeting, seamless bags, carpet chain, cotton twine, etc. The factory has an annual capacity of twenty-five hundred bales of cotton, and gives employment to about three hundred hands. E. HYDE S SONS. The cotton factory now operated by Messrs. George, Edmund, and W. S. Hyde, under the firm name of E. Hyde's Sons, was established in 1858, by Edmund Hyde, Sr., and was continued by him until his death, which occurred in 1865. The number of hands employed is one hundred. The annual value of products is one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The nature of the products is white and colored carpet chain, cotton and coverlet yarns, candle wick, twine, etc. The factory is located on West Canal Street, between Robinson and Lacock Streets. THE WOOLEN INTEREST. The most extensive establishment engaged in tlle manufacture of woolen goods, in this County, is that of S. BRADLEY SONS, which was originally founded in 1837, by S. W. Bradley, in Ohio County, West Virginia. The mills first erected were destroyed by fire in 1848, and rebuilt in 1849,conducted here four years, and then removed to Wheeling, West Virginia, where their capacity was doubled. The firm of S. W. Bradley was dissolved in 1856, and the present mills were built by Samuel Bradley, one of the members of the original firm, in 1857. The goods manufactured by S. Bradley Sons are woolen yarns and fancy-colored flannels. The excellency of their productions is shown by the fact that they received the first prize at the Pittsburgh Industrial Exhibition, held in October, 1875. The decision of the Judges reads: "The plaid flannels exhibited by Messrs. S. Bradley Sons, and other goods manufactured by this firm, are superior in purity of material, color, and design, and such are entitled to the premium." The machinery in these mills is from the English firm of Pratt, Bros. Co.,In addition to the above, there are a cigar manufactory, and several weaving looms, for the manufacture of material for the use of the institution, with some little custom work in the shape of carpet weaving. The product of these latter industries goes to the credit of the State Prison authorities. PITTSBURGH BEDSTEAD MANUFACTORY, of which M. Seibert Co. are the proprietors, was originally erected, in 1852, by gentlemen none of whom are at present connected with the establishment. The factory is located at No. 157 Grant Street, Pittsburgh, where also the company keep their general office. They manufacture every description of bedsteads, bureaus, and mouldings; and also keep on hand bed-castors, varnish, looking-glass plates, etc. They employ ninety hands, and do a business annually to the amount of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. M. Seibert Co. conduct the most extensive business in their line in Allegheny County, their success being the result of careful management and a thorough knowledge of the trade, both in its mechanical and commercial aspects. PITTSBURGH WAGON WORKS. The first manufactories erected on the present site of the above works were those built, in 1832, by Mr. John Sampson, which consisted of a foundry and an establishment for the manufacture of wagons, carriages, trucks, and plows. He conducted the business until 1836, when he sold out to Samuel Hall. In 1839, Cyrus Townsend purchased the works, which were then conducted under the firm name of C. Townsend Co. In 1857 they became the property of Messrs. Phelps, Park Co., and so continued up to 1 874, when a stock company was formed and incorporated as the " Pittsburgh Wagon Works." The present officers are Alexander Patterson, President; and Jacob Rush, Secretary and Treasurer. The products of the works are wagons and agricultural implements; number of hands employed, thirty; annual products, $50,000. BRUSH MANUFACTORY. The most extensive establishment for the manufacture of brushes west of the Allegheny Mountains is that of the Stewart Brothers, whose factory is located at 359 and 361 Liberty Street, Pittsburgh. The factory was first operated by Mr. David Stewart, father of the present proprietors, in 1851. He continued the business until 1868, when it passed into the hands of T. H. Stewart, his elder son. He died in 1872, at which time the business was committed to the charge of Charles E. and William C. Stewart, who now own and conduct the same under the firm name of the Stewart Brothers. They manufacture every description of brushes, making a specialty of painters', kalsominers', and white-washing brushes. Their place of business is the headquarters for artists' brushes of all kinds. The annual value of their products is $150,000. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. A. J. NELLIS CO. This firm was organized in 1871. The works are located at the corner of Rebecca Street and Allegheny Avenue. They manufacture harpoon horse hay-forks and agricultural steel and iron cotton-ties. The products of the establishment find a ready market, and are considered standard wherever introduced. They employ one hundred hands, and their annual trade amounts to about $200,000. WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE.* It is of no small interest that Pittsburgh is the birth-place of this extremely important invention, as well as the seat of its manufacture. The Committee on Science and Arts of the Franklin Institute, in concluding an exhaustive report on I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Oldham, England, and has only recently been put in operation. There are three sets of mills, with self-operating mules, and, when fairly under way, they will turn out an excellent quality of manufactured woolen materials. ALLEGHENY WOOLEN MILLS. The foundation of these mills was originated as early as 1826, by the erection of a woolen factory at Perrysville, this County. It was built by Conrad Reel, father of the members of the present firm. This factory was conducted at Perrysville for some years, and then, in 1841, Mr. Reel removed his business to Allegheny, and conducted it in part of the oil mill located on the southwest corner of the Diamond, where he continued it up to 1843. He then removed to the present location, 12 and 15 Church Avenue, where he rebuilt in 1856. He conducted the business to the time of his death, in 1870, when it passed into the hands of his three sons, J. G., John A., and William H., who continued the business together until 1875, when William H. retired from the firm, and removed to Harrisburg. The business has been conducted by the family for half a century. It is now under the firm name of C. Reel Company. The products of the firm are blankets, flannels, satinets, knitting, yarns, and general custom work of all descriptions. Their manufactured goods are all pure, no cotton or shoddy ever having been used in them. THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE WESTERN PENITENTIARY. All the principal industrial pursuits conducted within the walls of the above institution are carried on by contract, by parties mostly identified with the interests of Pittsburgh. Through the courtesy of Captain Edward S. Wright, Warden, and Mr. Hugh S. M'Kean, Deputy Warden, we are enabled to present a brief sketch of the various industries of the place. BOOTS AND SHOES. The firm of W. E. Smertz Co. are now fulfilling their second contract for the labor of one hundred and sixty men, in Shop No. 2, which comprises one of the best arranged and most complete boot and shoe manufactories in the State. The machinery used is of the very latest style, and of a kind particularly adapted to the various departments of the business. Conspicuous among the latest laborsaving machinery in this establishment is the Standard screw machine, of which there are but two or three in use. It is by far the most ingenious contrivance invented, even in this age of progression. The working of the machine is very simple, and is as follows: First, it is supplied with a coil of ordinary brass wire, which, as it passes through the apparatus, becomes spiral, and is inserted into the sole of the shoe, which it fastens on permanently giving it a durability and strength which is astonishing. The pegging and burnishin, machines, and the McKay sewing machines, are also very ingenious and excellent labor-saving agents. The company are now turning out five hundred pairs of ladies' and gentlemen's boots and shoes, both in fine and common goods, per diem. THE WHIP FACTORY is in Shop No. 5, and is worked under the contract of Messrs. Weaver Burdall. Their contract commenced in June, 1876. They manufacture leather whips entirely, turning out twelve thousand of different styles annually. They enjoy a very extensive trade, their whips finding a market in nearly every State in the Union. The manufacture of the whips of this firm is entirely manual, no machinery of any kind being used, not even in sewing,. The modus operandi is, first, to cut the leather into strips of different sizes, which are then glued together, when a covering of substantial harness leather is placed over them. A strip of leather, cut in the shape of the whip, is then taken and sewed on the wrong side, the covering being turned as the sewing proresses. Each cover is numbered, as also is the internal part, which are made to correspond, so that a uniformity in size and style is obtained. The whips thus made are necessarily very durable, and rank among the very best of American productions in this line. BROOMS are manufactured in Shops Nos. I and 6, under the contract of Watt, Lang Co. The broom-corn is procured principally in Illinois and Ohio, and is of the best quality obtainable. The corn is first put through a seed-stripping machine, then carefully sorted, and afterwards sent to another shop, where the articles are completed. The firm turn out from one hundred to one hundred and fifty dozens per day. They have all the latest machinery, notably a handle-painting machine, which works on the same principle as a printing, press. On this a plan can paint five thousand handles a day in three or four colors, and as many different designs. * From Thurston's Pittsburgh and Allegheny in the Centennial Year.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 120 THE EXCELSIOR COFFIN MANUFACTORY was established in 1864 by the present firm, although some immaterial alterations have since been made in it. At present its style is Hamilton, Lemmon, Arnold Co., and they manufacture fine rosewood, walnut, imitation of rosewood, gloss white and ebonized burial cases and caskets, together with all the necessary trimmings, etc. The office and factory are located in Mulberry Street, Allegheny, and the city warerooms in Pittsburgh. HARDWARE. JOSEPH WOODWELL CO. The firm doing business under the above title was established in 1847 by Joseph Woodwell,* and was continued by him alone until 1850, wben James Wiley was admnitted, and two years subseqLuently Thomas Birney became a mnember of the firmn. In 1853, Wm. K. Woodwell, a son of the founder of the business, joined the copartnership, and the firm consisted of the four meinbers above mentioned until 1863, at which time Mr. Wiley retired, followed in 1869 by Mr. Birney. The following, year Joseph R. Woodwell, also a son of the senior member, was admitted. The style of the firm has remained unchanged. They transact a very extensive wbolesale and retail hardware business, making specialties of ornamental wood, iron wheelbarrows, aind wire. They carry'a large stock of shelf bardware, and are in every respect a representative firmn in their particular line of business. the Westinghouse Air Brake, says, " That by contriving and introducing this apparatus Mr. Westinghouse has become a great public benefactor, and deserves the gratitude of the traveling public at least." At no time more than when speeding along at the rate of from thirty-five to forty miles an hour does the traveler feel the value of an invention that either by the will of the engineer or acting automatically brings the train to a stop in fifteen seconds, without shock or action to disturb the inmates of the cars. In a series of experiments, conducted by the committee above quoted, a train running thirty miles an hour up grade was brought to a stop in sixteen seconds by the engineer. Second and third experiments developed the fact that a train could be stopped in fifteen seconds. In another experiment, the engine alone being severed from the train, the speed being forty miles an hour, down a grade 28 feet to the mile, the train came to a rest in ten and a half seconds. The building in which these wonderful brakes are manufactured at Pittsburgh is 264 feet long, by 100 wide; there are employed in it, in the production of the various brakes made, 120 hands, whose wages amount to $75,000 a year. There are consumed at the present time 900 tons pig-iron, 200,000 bolts, 250,000 feet gas pipe, 50,000 feet rubber hose, 15 tons rivets, 50 tons ingot copper, 20 tons malleable fittings, 100 tons merchant iron and forgings, 37,500 bushels of coal, and the products of the works in six years have reached $2,250,000 in value. There are manufactured the Westinghouse automatic air brake, vacuum brakes, locomotive driver brakes, Westinghouse freight brakes, and truss brake beams. These brakes are in use in Canada, New Brunswick, Mexico, Cuba, Peru, Chili, Equador, Belgium, England, New Zealand, and Australia, all supplied from Pittsburgh. * See portrait and biography elsewhere in this work.M U NICI PAL H ALL, -- NEW CITY HALL. - PITTSBU RGH, PA. J. W. K*ERR, ARCH T. L. g.,EVERlS CO. Li TH. PH/tLA.Arthur Lee, a Virginian, visited Pittsburgh in December, 1784, but did not speak very highly of it, and believed it would "never be any considerable place." The town of Pittsburgh was laid out in the year 1784. The surveying was done by Thomas Vickroy in June of that year. The survey was approved by Tench Francis, Esq., attorney for the Penns, September 30, 1784. A distillery was erected during the same year by Craig Bayard Co., of Pittsburgh, and Turnbull, Marmie Co., of Philadelphia, who also built a saw-mill up the Allegheny and erected salt works somewhere on the Big Beaver.~ On the 29th of July, 1786, the Pittsburgh Gazette was first issued by Messrs. John Scull and Joseph Hall, it being the first paper ever published west of the Allegheny Mountains. In the first number of the Gazette, Judge Brackenridge published an article descriptive of the place, in which he estimates the number of dwelling-houses at about one hundred, and gives the inhabitants at the surprising number of fifteen hundred! In subsequent issues of the paper in August of the same year, it is stated that there was one Calvinistic minister settled here (Rev. Samuel Barr), and one German Lutheran occasionally preached here. A church of " squared timber" was also in process of construction on the ground where the First Presbyterian church stands. There were two lawyers in the place, Brackenridge and John Woods, or James Ross; also two physicians, one of whom was Dr. Bedford, a native of England, who afterwards laid out the town of Birmingham. There was no mail established until 1786. A market-house was erected in 1787, on what is now the corner of Market and Second Streets. The Presbyterian Congregation was incorporated by an act of the Legislature, passed September 29, 1787. The pastor was Rev. Samuel Barr. The first Postmasters were: John Scull, in 1786, a Mr. Adams succeeding him, Dr. Hugh Scott, John Johnston, who was appointed in 1802, and held the office until 1822, and William Eichbaum, who succeeded Mr. Johnston, and held the office until 1833. On the 3d of April, 1788, the " May Flower," the first boat with New England emigrants for the Muskingum country, arrived here. On the 24th of September, 1788, the County of Allegheny was erected, and Pittsburgh soon after was made the permanent county seat. We find the following notice of Pittsburgh in a rare old volume, entitled "An Historical Review of North America, printed at Dublin, Ireland, in 1789: "Pittsburgh is a neat, handsome town, containing about four hundred houses; it is situated at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. It is expected, this town will in a few years become the emporium of the Western country." A new fortification was constructed by Major Isaac Craig, under orders from General Henry Knox, Secretary of War, in 1792. It stood across the present Penn Avenue, on the east site of Hand Street, and was called Fort La Fayette. In the eleventh volume of the "American Museum," in 1792, there were said to be thirty-six mechanics and one hundred and thirty families in Pittsburgh. On Monday, May 20, 1793, a court of Oyer and Terminer and Jail Delivery, and of Nisi Prius, for the County of Allegheny, was held at Pittsburgh, by the Chief Justice and Judge Yeates. The only criminal business was the trial of Captain Samuel Brady, who had been indicted for murder in killing certain Indians near the mouth of Beaver Creek in the spring of the year 1791. One of the witnesses for Brady was the celebrated Guyasutha, an Indian chief of note, who testified most emphatically for Brady. The jury acquitted Brady without leavinog THE early history of Pittsburgh, under its various names, "The Forks," "Fort Duquesne," "Fort Pitt," and Pittsburgh, is fully given in the general history of the early settlements up to about 1796. In a return of the number of houses and inhabitants, made to Colonel Bouquet by Captain William Clapham, April 15, 1761, the population is given at three hundred and thirty-two, including the garrison and their families; houses, one hundred and four. In the list of names appear those of George Croghan, John Ormsby, Colonel John Campbell,* Ephraim Blaine, and Thomas Small. The first plat, where the city of Pittsburgh now stands, was laid out by Colonel John Campbell in 1764, the same year in which Colonel Bouquet built the celebrated block-house, still standing. This plat covered that portion of the present city bounded by Water, Second, Ferry, and Market Streets, amounting to four squares. What Colonel Campbell's authority was is not known, but the Penns subsequently recognized it so far as not to change the plan of lots. The place was little more than a military post previous to the Revolution, and did not increase very fast for several years succeeding. Pittsburgh has seen many masters: Indians, English, French, English again, Virginians, the United States, Pennsylvanians. On the 5th day of January, 1769, a warrant was issued for the survey of the "Manor of Pittsburgh." It embraced five thousand seven hundred and sixty-six acres, and is minutely described in the general history of the County. In Octo ber, 1770, Washington visited Pittsburgh on his way to the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers for the purpose of locating lands for the Virginia soldiers and others. At that date Washinton estimated the number of houses at twenty, located along the Monongahela River, above the fort. In October, 1772, General Gage, the British commander-in-chief, issued orders to Major Edmondson, then in command of Fort Pitt, to break up and abandon the fort. This was done; the pickets, stone, timber, brick, and iron were all lumped together and sold for fify pounds, New York currency. The fort was abandoned; only a corporal and three men were left to take care of boats and bateaux, and keep up communication with the Illinois country. During the year 1773, the fort was reocc upied and repaired by the notorious Dr. John Connolly, under orders from Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia. During the war of the Revolution it was occupied, first, by Virginia troops under Captain, afterwards General, John Neville, and subsequently by Continental troops under General Hand, Colonels Broadhead and Gibson, and General William Irvine. The famous renegades, Simon Girty, Alexander McKee, and Matthew Elliot, were here under parole, and fled to the British in Canada on the 28th of March, 1778. Pittsburgh was the general rendezvous for a great many expeditions against the Indians, including those of Bouquet, Broadhead, Gibson, Crawford, Governor Dunmore, Harmer, St. Clair, and Wayne, which are all more or less extensively treated in the general history. * Colonel John Campbell was an Irish gentleman, described as of fine personal appearance, large, of strong mind, but rough in manners. He was for a long time a prisoner at Fort Chambly in the war of the Revolution. He was at Fort Pitt as a witness of the Indian treaty on the 17th of September, 1778. He removed to Kentucky, where he owned a tract of several thousand acres of land at the falls of the Ohio, on which he laid out the town of Campbellton, afterwards Shippingsport, now a part of the city of Louisville. He was prominent in the early history of Kentucky: a member of the convention to form the first constitution; also of the State Senate, of which he was president. Campbell County was named in his honor. He died in 1799. t Darlington. Craig. Mrs. William Eichbaum's recollections. Thurston. 121 CraigHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 122 Bank. of Pittsburgh,' and the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank,' the latter with a capital of four hundred and fifty thousand dollars. " PUBLIC BUILDINGS. "These are a large brick court-house and market-house, in the same square with two others, on the space of ground on the Monongahela, laid out into town lots by Colonel O'Hara; a handsome octagonal brick Episcopal church on Liberty and Wood Streets; three large Presbyterian, a German Lutheran, and a Covenanter meeting-house; a Methodist church; besides a Catholic chapel, which has an excellent organ. INHABITANTS. "A mixture of all nations, though principally Americans. There are Irish, Scotch, English, French, Dutch, Swiss, etc. The character of the people is that of enterprising, and persevering industry. Strangers are not much pleased with the place, in point of hospitality merely; but those who have business to transact will meet with as many facilities as elsewhere. Luxury, pomp, and parade are scarcely seen; there are, perhaps, not more than one or two carriages in the place. The amusements of these industrious people are not numerous-a few balls during the winter season; there is also a small theatre, where a company from the Eastern cities sometimes performs. PRICE OF PROPERTY AND RENTS. "The price of property has increased in the most surprising manner within the last ten years; it is now at least ten times as high as it was at that period. Tllere are but few sales of lots in fee simple, the custom is to lot on perpetual lease; the price in Market and Wood Streets varies from ten to twenty dollars per foot, and in the other streets from four to eight, and in particular situations still higher. The rents are equally high. In Market, Wood, and Water Streets, the principal places of business, it is difficult to procure a common room, in an upper story, under one hundred dollars per annum. The rent of stores varies from three to five hundred dollars. There is one warehouse which rents for twelve hundred dollars. The rent of tavern stands is from five to twelve hundred dollars. The rent of dwelling-houses varies much, according to the locality and kind of tenement; a genteel private family can scarcely attain a good dwelling under three or four hundred dollars." All this sounds strange enough in 1876, but it is only by comparing the past with the present that we can get an idea of the change constantly going on around us. The first bridge over the Allegheny, at Hand Street, was built in 1837-38. John Tassey, President; William Larimer, Jr., Sylvanus Lothrop, F. G. Bailey, Robert Galway, Charles Avery, Richard Gray, William Robinson, George Ogden, Andrew Leech, John Grier, Managers; Alexander Brackenridge, Treasurer; William Fitzsimmons, Secretary; Contractors, wood work, Lebaron; stone work, Pagan Allston. Northern Liberties; Bridge-to be completed in November, 1837 F. Lorenz, President;.John H. Shoenberger, Samuel McKelvy, William Wade, John Kewn, Nicholas Voigtley, Sylvanus Lothrop, J. Painter, Managers; G. E. Warner, Treasurer; Walter Lowry Secretary; Contractors, E. Oles, J. K. Moorhead, wood work; William Pagan Co., stone work. The total tax of the city for 1837 was eighty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight dollars and twenty-six cents. The number of licensed stores in the five wards of the city was three hundred and twenty-nine. Pittsburgh owes its pre-eminence to the fortunate combination of several advantages. It is, with slight exceptions, at the head of steamboat navigation. It is the mart of portions of Virginia and New York, as well as of Western Pennsylvania; while the Ohio opens to the enterprise of the citizens the whole of the Mississippi Valley. The exhaustless banks of coal in the neighboring hills, and the excellent mines of iron ore, found in great abundance in the counties along the mountains and on the banks of the Ohio below, together with the vast forests of pine timber on the head-waters of the Allegheny River, give to this city its pre-eminnence over all others in the West for manufacturing purposes. The principal articles of manufacture are steamboats, steam-engines, and a great variety of machinery, both of iron and wood; bar-iron, steel, railroad iron, nails, glass, and agricultural implements, cotton and woolen goods, salt, cloths, leather and saddlery, etc., etc. The steam power used in the various establishments was estimated in 1833 at twenty-five hundred and eighty horse-power. Thirty years ago travel was mostly by steamboat, canal, and stage. In those days the celebrated Monongahela House was one of the best hotels in America, or the world. It was one hundred and twenty by one hundred and sixty feet in size, five stories high, and cost, including lot, one hundred thousand dollars. The court-house was, when built, one of the finest and most Costly in the country. It stands on Grant's Hill, is one hundred by one hundred and sixty-five feet in size, their seats. Of the "`"Whisky Rebellion," which created such intense excitement, and came very near producing open warfare, we give an account in the body of the history. In the Pittsburgh Gazette of January 9, 1796, it is stated that the number of inhabitants in the borough, as taken by the assessors, amounted to one thousand three hundred and ninety-five. The number of houses, as given by Craig, was one hundred and two, which would indicate a much smaller population than that given by the assessors. At the time of the threatened rupture between the United States and France, in 1798, several vessels were built at Pittsburgh, and sent down the Mississippi River to the Gulf. Among them was the galley "President Adams," launched on the 19th of May, 1798. She was spoken of by Major Craig as a fine vessel. Another galley, called the'Senator Ross," was ready for the water in July, but the rivers were so low that she was not launched until the spring of 1799. The place was incorporated as a borough on the 22d of April, 1794. The census of 1800 gave the place one thousand five hundred and sixty-five inhabitants. January 1, 1804, a branch of the Bank of Pennsylvania was opened in a stone building, on the east side of Second Street, between Ferry Street and Chancery Lane. The same year the first iron-foundry was erected by Joseph McClurg. In May, 1805, the first stage started from Pittsburgh to Chambersburg, and in the beginning, of May, 1806, the first advertisement of the Commissioners for the construction of a turnpike road, from Pittsburgh to Harrisburg, appeared in the Pittsburgh papers. In 1809 a steam flouring-mill was erected at the corner of Water Street and Redoubt Alley, by Oliver Evans. The population of the place by the census of 1810 was five thousand. The first steamboat built here was the "New Orleans," under the superintendence of Mr. Rosevelt, for Messrs. Fulton and Livingston, of New York.'Her length was one hundred and thirty eight feet on the keel, and she was of four hundred ton,s measurement. She was launched in March, 1811. In 1812, the first rolling-mill was built on the corner of Penn Street and Cecil Alley, by Christopher Cowan. The Bank of Pittsburgh was incorporated in 1814. On the 18th of March, 1816, the act was passed erecting Pittsburgh into a city and body corporate, by the name and style of the "Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of Pittsburgh."* From a quaint old volume, entitled " Navigator of the Monongahela, Allegheny, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers," published in 1818, by Zadok Cramer; we gather the following statistics: " In 1807, there were in Pittsburgh one cotton-factory; two glass-works; two breweries; one air-furnace; four nail-factories; seven coppersmiths, etc.; one wire-weaving, and riddle factory; one brass-foundry; six: saddlers and harness-makers; two gunsmiths; two tobacconists; one bell-maker; three tallow-chandlers; one brush-maker; one trunk-maker; five coopers; thirteen weavers; ten blue-dyers; one comb-maker, seven cabinet-makers; one turner; six bakers; three butchers; two barbers; six hatters;-four physicians; two earthenware potteries; three straw-bonnet makers; four plane-makers; six milliners; twelve mantua-makers; one stocking-weaver; two bookbinders; four house and sign painters; two portrait-painters; one mattress-maker; three wheelwrigts; five watch and clock makers and silversmiths; five bricklayers; five plasterers; three stone-cutters" eight boat, barge, and ship builders; one pump-maker; one looking-glass maker; one lock-maker; seven tan-yards; two rope-walks; one spinnine-wheel maker; seventeen blacksmiths; one machinist and whitesmith; one cutler and tool-maker; thirty-two house-carpenters and joiners; twenty-one boot and sboe makers; five windsor-chair makers; thirteen tailors; one breechesmaker and skin-dresser; twelve schoolmasters; four schoolmistresses; thirty-three taverns; fifty-one mercantile stores; four printing-offices; six brick-yards; five stonemasons; two book-stores; four lumber-yards; one maker of cotton and woolen machinery; one clay-pipe factory; one copper-plate printing press. In the year 1810, the following manufacturing establishments were enumerated by the marshal: One steam grist-mill; three carding and spinning mills (two of cotton and one of wool); one mill for grinding flat-irons; two distilleries; three breweries; four brick-yards; two air-furnaces; three red-lead factories; six nailfactories; three glass-works; two potteries; two gunsmiths; three tobacconists; sixteen looms; six tanneries; seventeen smitheries; four cooper-shops; eight chair and cabinet manufactories; ten hatters; four silversmiths and watch-makers; six brass, copper, and tin smiths; three stone-cutters; three boat and ship builders; two wagon-makers; three chandlers; one rope-walk; one button-factory; one stocking-weaver; one cutlery; one glass-cutter; one wire-weaving- factory; three printing establishments, and one bookbindery. "In 1817, the total; number of hands employed in manufacturing, was one thousand six hundred and thirty-seven. Total products amounted to the value of two million two hundred and sixty-six thousand three hundred and sixty-six dollars. At this date (1817), there were enumerated under the head of banks,'The Office of Discount and Deposit,' a branch of the United States Bank; " The * Craig.FIRST NATIONAL 13ANK,PlT-,SiURCxH. IHI-RD NATIONAL BANK,PrrT8TBURGHIPA. W.E. SCHMEAPrZ, PRE.SIDENT-........W. SrriivA,a-rtr, CASHIER41 GERAMNIA SAWViNS BANvK RLIWIONG, COR.of WOOD ST., D/AVMONiV AL~'-EY. P I T T S S U FV GH,7 P A. C. MEYRAAN Hi Es SOs.AELVICE PR?ES? CM 4. 4EI8(*r-T, SEC. 7 DOLEV AR SAViNGxS BANK,' PEXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK. PIT TSBU RGH, PA.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 123 forty tons each, were built by the Mississippi Steamboat Company, in 1813-14. The first-named was burnt in 1816. The " Etna" continued in trade until 1822, when she was condemned as worn out. In 1816, the "Franklin, of one hundred and twenty-five tons, the "Oliver Evans," of seventy-five tons, and the "Harriet," forty tons, were built at Pittsburgh. The " Expedition," one hundred and twenty tons, and " Independent," of fifty tons, were constructed in 1818, for the exploration of the Missouri River. The " Western Engineer," built in 1819, near Pittsburgh, under the direction of Major S. H. Long, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, for the exploration of the sources of the Missouri, was the first boat that ascended to Council Bluffs six hundred and fifty miles above St. Louis. In 1818, there were nine boats built at Pittsburgh. The total number of boats constructed here between the years 1811 and 1835 was one hundred and ninety-seven. In 1836, there were sixty-one boats built. In 1837, there were owned in Pittsburgh, and running in regular lines, sixty-three boats, of an average value of fifteen thousand dollars each. In 1846, there were built here sixty-three boats, with a tonnage of eleven thousand and eighty-four tons, beside keel-boats, barges, etc. From 1852 to 1856 inclusive, there were constructed here three hundred and sixty-two boats, of the value of six millions eight hundred and ninety thousand seven hundred dollars. In 1857, there were built eighty-four steamers, of the value of one million six hundred and eighty thousand dollars. From 1857 to 1875 there were constructed in the vicinity of Pittsburgh six hundred and forty-nine steamboats, with an aggregate tonnage of one hundred and fifty-five thousand two hundred and fifty-three tons, and a value of twenty-one millions eight hundred and eighty-six thousand and seventy-three dollars. In the same period there were constructed five hundred and eighteen barges, with a tonnage of one hundred thousand eight hundred and eighty-three tons; also, four hundred and ninety-six keel- and flat-boats, with a tonnage of twenty-one thousand six hundred and sixty-two tons; and twenty-six ferry-boats, with a tonnage of two thousand six hundred and eighty-one tons; being an aggregate tonnage of two hundred and eighty thousand four hundred and seventynine tons, and an aggregate value of over twenty-two million dollars. Beside these, all wooden boats, there have been built quite a number of iron ones, commencing with the " Valley Forge," built in 1839, by Robinson, Minis Miller, proprietors of the Washington Iron Works. Two iron boats,the "Jefferson" and the " Bibb," were built in 1845; they were each two hundred and ten feet keel, twenty-one feet beam, seventeen feet depth of hold. The " Jefferson" cost one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. She was taken in pieces to Oswego and launched, and is still in service. The "Bibb" was sent down the river to the Gulf of Mexico. She cost two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and is still in service. The iron revenue cutter " Michigan, in service on the lakes, was built at Pittsburgh. In 1863 two others were built, the "Manayunk," of twelve hundred and forty-seven and a half tons, and the "Umpqua," eight hundred and thirteen tons. Among other war-vessels built here for the United States were the "Hunter," a revenue cutter, and a second-class frigate, the " Allegheny," and two others, called the " Marietta" and " Sandusky." Two iron vessels built at Pittsburgh are now navigating Brazilian rivers.~ LUMBER TRADE. The lumber trade of Pittsburgh is quite extensive. From Thurston's " Pittsburgh and Allegheny in the Centennial Year" we extract the following: In 1807 there were in Pittsburgh four lumber-yards. In 1812 the quantity of lumber brought from the Allegheny River and inspected at Pittsburgh was seven million feet. In 1817, Cramer's Almanac makes the lumber business of the Allegheny River twenty-eight million three hundred and fifty thousand feet, of the value of three hundred thousand dollars. In 1831 the amount brought down the Ohio(?) is estimated in Peck's Guide at thirty million feet. There are now in the two cities thirty-four firms engaged in the lumber business, employing two hundred and ninety-one men, whose annual wages amount to about one hundred and fortyfive thousand dollars. They use fifty-five horses and forty-three wagons, and handle over fifty-five million feet per annum, and also fifteen million laths and thirteen million shingles. Tlle total value approximates one million three hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The area of ground occupied is equal to sixty-three acres. There are also thirty-eight firms engaged in manufacturing flooring, sash, doors and blinds, and packing-boxes, and employing eight hundred and twenty-one hands, whose wages amount to four hundred and sixty-two thousand nine hundred and sixty-six dollars. They use ninety-nine horses and ninetyseven wagons. These firms have in use three hundred and ninety-four machines and has a beautiful rotunda in the centre sixty feet in diameter. Its original cost was about two hundred thousand dollars. The architect was John Chislett, Esq., of Allegheny. RAILWAYS. Pittsburgh is the central point from which rwadiate nine lines of railway, to wit: the Pennsylvania Railway; the Baltimore and Ohio; Pittsburgh and Connellsville; West Pennsynvania; Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago; Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis; Cleveland and Pittsburgh; the Pittsburgh and Erie, and the Allegheny Valley. These lines connect at the east with Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore; north with Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, Buffalo and Erie; west with all the great cities,-Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Chicago,-and through them with all important points in the great West. RIVER NAVIGATION. The earliest craft to navigate the waters around Pittsburgh, at least so far as modern times are concerned, were the canoes of the Indians; after these came the pirogues, bateaux, keel- and flat-boats of the white man, which transacted all the business of the rivers until 1811, when the first steamboat (the " New Orleans") made its appearance from a Pittsburgh ship-yard, producing an entire revolution in the carrying trade of the country. This service was attended with many dangers and hardships, and the voyages were necessarily long, and tiresome. Fifteen days to the mouth of the Ohio, from Pittsburgh, was considered good time, going down, while the return voyage was much more tedious. The first regular attempt at boat-building in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, according, to Mr. Craig's history, was on the 23d of February, 1777, when fourteen boat-carpenters arrived from Philadelphia, and were set to work on the Monongahela, fourteen miles above the Fort, near a saw-mill. They built thirty large bateaux, each forty feet long, nine feet wide, and thirty-two inches deep. These were intended for the transportation of troops against the Indians. "In July, 1794, a line of mail-boats was established to run from Wheeling to Limestone, and back, once in every two weeks. From Wheeling to Pittsburgh, and back, the mails were to be carried on horseback. The mail-boats were twenty-four feet long, built like a whale-boat and steered with a rudder. The men had each a musket and supply of ammunition, all of which were snugly secured from the weather in boxes along side their seats. The whole could be protected in wet weather by a tarpaulin, which each boat carried."*' The same year there was started a line of boats from Cincinnati and Pittsburgh, in relation to which we quote from an advertisement in the " Centinel of the Northwestern Territory' published at Cincinnati, under date of January 11, 1794:'Two boats for the present will start from Cincinnati for Pittsburgh, and return to Cincinnati in the following manner, viz.: First boat will leave Cincinnati this mornin, at eight o'clock, and return to Cincinnati so as to be ready to sail again in four weeks. Second boat will leave Cincinnati on the 30th instant, and return in four weeks, as above.'"t This arrangement was afterwards changed, so that one boat left the termini every week. An account of the construction of several galleys, in 1798, is given in the general history. From 1802,to 1805 ship-building was quite brisk, and a total of four ships, three brigs, and three schooners was constructed. "The building of sea-going vessels was established at Pittsburgh by a French gentleman, Louis Anastasius Tarascon, who emigrated from France in 1794, and established himself in Philadelphia as a merchant. In 1799 he sent two of his clerks, Charles Brugiere and James Berthoud, to examine the course of the Ohio and Mississippi, from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, and ascertain the practicability of sending, ships and clearing them ready-rigged, from Pittsburgh to Europe and the West Indies. They reported favorably, and Mr. Tarascon associated them and his brother, John Anthony, with himself, under the firm of John A. Tarascon Brothers, James Berhoud Co.,' and established at Pittsburgh a wholesale and retail warehouse, a ship-yard, sail-loft, an anchor smith-shop, a block manufactory, and everything necessary to complete sea-going vessels. The first year (1801) they built the schooner' Amity,' of one hundred and twenty tons, and the ship' Pittsburgh,' of two hundred and fifty tons, with which they opened trade in flour, with the West Indies and France, direct. In 1802, they built the brig'Nanina', of two hunddred and fifty tons;. in 1803, the ship'Louisiana,' of three hundred tons, and in 1804, the ship'Western Trader,' of four hundred tons." As elsewhere stated, the " New Orleans" was the first steamboat constructed on Western waters. Her cost was about forty thousand dollars. She continued to do a very profitable business until 1814, when she was snagged and lost near Baton Rouge, La. The second boat was the " Comet, of twenty-five tons, built by D. French, for Samuel Smith, in 1812-13. She was sold in 1814, and her engine put in a cotton gin, The " Vesuvius" and " Etna," of three hundred and * Craig. t Thurston. Thurston. Thurston.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.. 12 at Onondaga,, where all business concerning the confederation was transacted by delegates from the different nations. Their council has been compared to the Wittenagamott of the Saxons, and Governor DeWVitt Clinton, of New York, called them the " Romans of America." The result of the collision between these great rival nations was the final subjugation of the Delawares either by force of arms, or, as the Delawares affirmed, by cunning, and deceptive policy on the part of the Iroquois. Hence when the Europeans began the settlement of Pennsylvania the Delawares were found occupying a subordinate position. Their complete subjugation was celebrated at Albany, New York, in 1617, in presence of the Dutch, whom the Delawares charged with aiding and abetting the treachery of their ancient enemies. At the date of the earliest settlements the number of Indians within the borders of Pennsylvania has been estimated at something less than fifty thousand, or about one per square mile, composed mainly of Delawares and their descendants. A powerful nation, called the Eries, who gave name to Lake Erie, lived along its southern and eastern border. Their principal town was located where the city of Buffalo now stands, and was called Tu-shu-way. Hearing of the confederation of the Five Nations, they were jealous of their power, and soon became involved in a desperate war. Tradition speaks of a great and destructive battle, fought between them and the Iroquois, near the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, in which the numbers engaged were equal to five thousand upon each side. No quarter was asked or given, and after an incredible slau,hter the Eries were beaten by the superior generalship of the Iroguois, who pursued them to their own country, and finally drove them from their possessions and occupied the land. Tradition says the Eries fled beyond the Mississippi, and, after the lapse of many years, when they had again become strong, they raised a great army, and, traveling up the Ohio, fell upon the Senecas, who were living upon their ancient domain, with terrible ferocity. But the Senecas rallied all their warriors, and the gallant Eries were slain to a man, and their bones left to bleach in the storms of heaven. Governor Lewis Cass, of Michigan, believed the modern Shawanese and Kickapoos were descendants of the Eries. By some writers, and particularly Mr. Bancroft, nearly all the nations included under the two heads of Mengwe and Lenape, or Iroquois and Delawares, are called the Algonquin Nations.* The name is said to have been given by the French to the language spoken by the various Indian nations, constituting what are known as the " Algonquins." It was spoken by a great majority of the Indians east of the Mississippi and north of the St. Lawrence. CHAPTER 11. EARLY SETTLEMENTS AN:D EXPLORATIONS BY THE FRENCII. TIIE Frencb were the first Europeans to make settlements on the St. Lawrence River and along the great lakes. Quebec was founded by Sir Samuel Champlain in 1608, and in 1609, when Sir Henry Hudson was exploring the noble river which bears his name, Champlain ascended the Sorelle River, and discovered, embosomed between the Green Mountains, or " Verdmont," as the chivalrous and poetic Frenchman called them, and the Adirondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is indis,solubly attached. In 1613 be founded Montreal. During the period elapsing, between the years 1607 and 1664, the English, Dutch, and Swedes alternately held possession of portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open battle, until, in the latter year, the English. became the sole rulers, and maintained their rights until the era of the Revolution, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing power of their colonies and retire from the field. The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le Caron, a Franciscan friar, who had been the companion and friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, which he did in 1616t in a birch canoe, exploring Lake Huron and its tributaries. Under the patronage of Louis XIII. the Jesuits took the advance, and began vigorously the work of Christianization, the savages in 1632. Inspired with a lofty and intense zeal for their religion, they boldly took their lives in their lands, and pushed into the unknown wilderness, bearing aloft the standard of the Cross, even to the western extrenity of Lake Superior. In 1634, three Jesuit missionaries, Brebeuf, Daniel, and Lallemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the Iroquois (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also established others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. From a map published in 1660, it would appear that the French had, at that date, become quite familiar with the region fron Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, including considerable portions of Lake Michigan. In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Ra.ymbault embarked on the Penetanguishine Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived after a passage of seventeen days. A crowd of two tbousand natives met them, and a great council was held. At this meeting the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the great lakes. Father Raymbault died in the wilderness in 1642, while enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The samne year, Jogues and Bressani were captured by the Indians and tortured, and in 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1649, the missions St. Louis and St. Ignatius were also destroyed, and Fathers Brebeuf and Lallemand barbarously tortured by the same terrible and unrelelenting enemy. Literally did those zealous missionaries of the Romish Church " take their lives in their hands," and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of their faith. It is stated by some writer that, in 1654, two fur-traders accompanied a band of Ottawas on a journey of five hundred leagues to the west. They were absent two years, and on their return brought with them fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty Indians to the French trading, posts. They related wonderful tales of the countries they had seen, and the various red nations they had visited, and described the lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowing, terms. A new impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and adjacent country, and a party wintered in 1659-60 on the south shore of Lake Superior. In 1660, Father Mesnard was sent out by the Bishop of Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. While crossing the Keeweenaw Point be was lost in the wilderness and never afterwards heard from, though his cassock and breviary were found long afterwards among the Sioux. A change was made in the government of New France in 1665. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled it since 1632, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, Courcelles Governor, and Talon Intendent. This was called the Government of the West Indies. The Jesuit missions were taken under the care of the now government, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement to Christianize the savages. In the same year (1665), Pierre Claude Allouez was sent out by way of the Ottawa River to the far west, via the Sault St. Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at the bay of Chegoimegon. Here he found the chief villae of the Chippewas, and establislied a mission. He also made an alliance with them and the Sacs, Foxes, and Illinois,~ against the formidable Iroguois. Allouez, the next year (1666), visited the western end of the great lake, where he met the Sioux, and from them first learned of the Mississippi River, which they called " Messipi." From thence he returned to Quebec. In 1668, Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette established the mission at the Sault called St. Marie, and during the next five years Allouez, Dablon, and Marquette explored the region of Lake Superior on the south shore, and extending to Lake Michigan. They also established the missions of Chegoimegon, St. Marie, Mackinaw, and Green Bay. The plan of exploring the Mississippi probably originated with Marquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Intendent, Talon, who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the whole West. In 1670, Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a congress of all the nations and tribes living in the vicinity of the lakes; and, in 1671, a great council was held at Sault St. Marie, at which the Cross was set up, and the nations of the great Northwest were taken into an alliance with much pomp and ceremony. Various opinions were entertained regarding the course of the Mississippi. One was that it ran to the southeast into the Atlantic below Virgnia, another that it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, and the third that it discharged its mighty waters into the Gulf of California. t The duties of Intendent included a supervision of the policy, justice, and finance of the province. 2 The meaning of this word is said to be " Men." I *See map of the Indian tribes in 1700. Bancroft's United States. t Western Annals.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Of various descriptions, and use fifty-two million five hundred thousand feet of lumber annually. Their products amount to two million dollars: The capital employed is eight hundred and ninety-four thousand seven hundred and three dollars. These establishments occupy forty-nine acres. There are eleven furniture factories, employing three hundred hands, with wages amounting to one hundred and eighty-four thousand dollars, and annual sales of eight hundred and thirty thousand dollars. The cooperage business is also veryextensive in Pittsburgh and Allegheny. The aggregate amounts to three-fourths of a million dollars annually, and the number of men employed approximates five hundred. In the carriage and wagon manufacture are twenty-nine firms, employing four hundred hands, whose wages amount to two hundred and ten thousand dollars. Their finished work amounts to the value of five hundred thousand dollars annually. WATER-WORKS. The subject of introducing water into the streets of Pittsburgh was agitated, with varying success, until February 16, 18, and 24, 1826, when the friends of the measure had an ordinance introduced into Councils providing for a loan to construct the necessary works. The supervision of the proposed works was placed under the charge of a commaittee, which was named the Water Committee. The Pittsburgh and Exchange Banks having advanced the necessary funds on loans, the committee began work by purchasing a lot on the corner of Duquesne Way and Cecil Alley, suitable for an engine-house, at a cost of one thousand four hundred and twenty-five dollars, and also a lot of two hundred andforty feet sqLuare on Grant Street, just opposite the present court-house, paying for the same three thousand eight hundred dollars. The first annual report of the Water Committee was made January 9, 1827, in which the committee stated that the citizens, by an almost unanimous voice, having decided to construct water-works, the committee then began the construction of the same. The first revenue was realized in 1829, amounting to the sum of three thousand and eighty-six dollars, while the consumption of water for the first three years did not exceed three hundred thousand or four hundred thousand gallons per day. The city grew so rapidly that the works alluded to were found to be wholly inadequate to supply the growing demand, and the Water Committee, by direction of Councils, therefore set about the construction of large reservoirs and pumping-engines, the reservoirs, pumpingengines, and machinery being placed under the direct supervision of Mr. R. Moor, a mechanical and hydraulic engineer, who superintended the entire work. The water was pumped into the new reservoirs July 4, 1844. The capacity of the two pumping-engines was nine million gallons per day, each of the engines working a pump of eight and a half inches diameter, with twelve feet stroke, an amount six times greater than the consumption at that date. The consumption in 1844 did not exceed one million five hundred thousand gallons per day. The report for the year 1854 states the consumptio n at three million seven hundred and -twenty-five thousand one hundred and sixty-seven gallons, adding that the consumption was one-third greater the preceding year than during 1851-52, owing to the cleansing of the streets. on account of the prevalence of cholera. The report shows that the consumption had reached five million five hundred thousand gallons per day in 1864, and now, in 1874, the consumption will reach fourteen million five hundred thousand gallons per day. The Board of Water Commis-, sioners for 1872, Messrs. D.- W. C. Carroll, P. H. Laufman, Hill Burgwin, R. Watson, S. Beymer, made a report December 31, 1872, from which we make the following extracts: "D. W. C. Carroll was elected Chairman and Hill Burgwin appointed Secretary pro tem. William H. Kennedy was elected Chief Engineerr and Joseph L. Lowry Mechanical Engineer. John Ross was subsequently chosen Secretary of the Board. After the examination of the various sites proposed for the new water-works by the Board of Examiners, consisting of Messrs. J. K. Moorhead, Felician Slataper, and George A. Berry (Board of Water Commissioners), E. S. Chessborough, Chief Engineer, and Joseph French, Superintendent of the WaterWorks, it was decided by the Commission that, inasmuch as the city was about beginning the construction of works of very geat magnitude, involving an outlay of a very large amount of money, it would be prudent for them, before taking any forward steps, to visit some of the prominent cities of the country, and examine into their respective systems of water supplies. We accordingly, on the 17th of February, 1872, left Pittsburgh, and visited Philadelphia, New York, Brooklyn, Jersey City, Boston, and Baltimore, and subsequently a sub-committee visited Cincinnati, Covington, Louisville, St. Louis, and Chicago. Subsequent to these visits our Chief Engineer was directed to prepare accurate plans of various parcels of land required for the pumping-works and the several reservoirs. Negotiations were at once entered into with B. W. Morgan for the purchase of about two acres of land on the Allegheny River bank, immediately above the mouth of Negley's Run, the property deemed best suited and requisite for the engine-buildings and pumping,-works; with Caspar Negley for forty-five acres on Hiland Avenue, in the Nineteenth Ward; with Aaron Reymer for seven acres adjoining the Negley property; with James McCully for fifty-four acres, and with Lockhrt Frew for two acres, the land required for the Brilliant Hill and Hiland Avenue reservoirs; and with the late Mrs. Clarissa Herron for twelve acres, and with William A. Herron for two acres on Herron's Hill, in the Thirteenth Ward, the land required for the Herron Hill reservoir. After various negotiations one hundred acres were purchased from various parties at a cost of between three hndred thousand and four hundred thousand dollars. "Our Chief Engineer having made the necessary surveys and plans, proposals were invited for the construction of Hiland Avenue and Brilliant Hill* reservoirs, and on the 19th of July 1872, contracts for both reservoirs were awarded to C. Howard Son, at the estimated aggregate cost, for both of five hundred and twenty-five thusand dollars. On the 22d of July, ground was first broken on the Hiland Avenue reservoir. After examining the various pumping-engines of the different water-works visited by us in several of the largest cities of the country, it was decided to adopt the Graduating Double Plunger Pumping Engines designed by Mr. Lowry, our Mechanical Engineer. On the 22d day of August, the contract for the construction of two of these engines was awarded to Aindrew Hartupee, for the sum of $423,550. On the 26th of November proposals were invited for the construction of the Herron's Hill or High Service Reservoirs, and on the llth of December the contract was awarded to Messrs. Wray McElhenney, of this city, at $70,000." Up to December 31., 1875, the total expenditures by the Water Commission and Committee on Water Extension were $3,356,559.92. The amount estimated to complete the works required was $750,000. At the present writing (August, 1876) four engines are in process of construction, which, when completed and in operation, it is claimed by the engineers will be the most powerful set in the world, being of fifteen hundred horse-power each, or an aggregate of six thousand horse-power. The fly-wheel of these engines will weigh eighty tons, and they will be required to force water in the first lift, to Hiland Avenue Reservoir, to a height of three hundred and fifty-six feet. This reservoir will supply about nine-tenths of the population of the city. Its capacity is one hundred and eighteen million gallons. Herron's Hill Reservoir, which will supply the higher districts, is five hundred and sixty-three feet above the Allegheny River. Its capacity is ten million gallons. One pair of the engines, with a speed of eight revolutions per minute, will supply thirty-two million gallons daily. Mr. Lowry is also the designer of the large engine at the Allegheny Water-Works, which is about seven hundred and fifty horse-power. The length of water-pipe laid in the city amounts to about ninety miles. The total consumption of coal at the different water-works is, in round numbers, seven hundred thousand bushels annually Total number of fire-plugs in the city is about six hunidred, of which seventy-five are on the South Side. The intention is eventually to'abandon the old reservoir, near the High School Building, and use only the Hiland Avenue and Herron's Hill Reservoirs. For a sketch of the fire department, see description of the new Municipal Hall. A carefully prepared sketch of the prominent manufactories in glass, iron, steel, nails, cotton, wool, and heavy oil refineries, together with some account of the coal business of Pittsburgh, is given in the history of manufactures in another part of this work. There are in the two cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny nearly two hundred churches of various denominations, viz.: twelve Baptist, forty-six Catholic, two Disciples, twelve Episcopal, twelve Lutheran, twenty-eight Methodist Episcopal, six: African Methodist Episcopal, ten Methodist, twenty-four Presbyterian, seventeen United Presbyterian, seven Reformed, four Reformed Presbyterian, one Cumberland Presbyteran,three Jewish Synagogues, five Congregational, one Universalist, one Unitarian, one Zion, one New German, one Welsh Calvinistic, one German Evangelical. SOCIETIES AND ORDERS. Thirty Masonic, eighty I. O. O. F., twenty-two lodges A. O. U. W., thirty-six Knights of Pythias, five posts G. A. R., thirteen lodges Improved Order of Red Men, ten castles I. O. K. and M. C., one Brotherhood of the Union, one Independent Order of Mechanics. There are about ninety banks and banking houses, thirty-three newspapers,-eleven daily and six religious; fifty insurance agencies, representing one hundred and thirty companies; three hundred attorneys, and about two hundred and fifty physicians and surgeons. The above enumeration includes the two cities. Brilliant Hill Reservoir was temporarily abandoned in 1874.WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR TH E INSANE AT DIXMONT. PITTSBURGH DISPATCH BUILDING. OFFICE OF DAILY AND WE:EKLY COMMERCIAL.125 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY history and resources of Pittsburgh. In the middle window is a representation of the city seal, which is founded on the coat-of-arms of the Pitt family of England, the head of which was the first fast friend of our country in 1776, and from whom comes the name of the city. Above the city seal is a representation of the " old Redoubt", which was a part of old " Fort Pitt, and is still to be seen (used as a dwelling) near the foot of Penn Avenue. Beneath this window is inserted the original stone tablet which was taken out of the walls of the " old redoubt" and built into the walls here for preservation, to show that Pittsburgh has a history. The stone bears the rude inscription, "A* D* 1764 oo Coll Bouquet," and is no doubt the first stone that was quarried and cut west of the Alleghenies, and is of the same character as the stone of which the hall has been built. As the old tablet shows no signs of decay after an exposure of one hundred and twelve years to a Pittsburgh atmosphere, we may safely conclude that the stone works of this municipal hall will outlast the wants of several generations if the demands of modern progress will allow it. The whole work was designed and executed by Pittsburghers. The actual cost of the building, according to statement, was purchase of lot, $500,579.24; interest, $109,228.75; total, $609,807.99. Incidentals bring the total up to nearly $700,000 The following is the arrangement of the rooms: FIRST FLOOR. Mayor, Treasurer, Controller, and City Engineer. SECOND FLOOR. Council Chamber, City Attorney, City Clerk, Board of Health, Board of Viewers, and Water Assessor. MEZZANINE FLOOR. Street Commissioners, Building, Inspector, and Council Messenger. THIRD FLOOR. Board of Fire Commissioners, Board of City Assessments, Office Water Extension Committee, Mechanical and Civil Engineers New Water-Works, and Draughting Rooms. FOURTH FLOOR. _Fire-Alarm Telegraph. POPULA t various periods, we. do. do..do..do. do. (estimat M TON. find from authentic sources, has been The population.as follows: 1761 1796 1800 i810 1820 1830 18S40 1850 8S60 1870 1876 332, including g;arrison. P,95. 1)565.'5 5000. 7,248. 21,912. 3S;931. 79,873. 124,844. 199)1 30. 225,000. vted) NEW MUNICIPAL HALL, PITTSBURGH. The initiatory steps for the purpose of erecting a new city hall for Pittsburgh were taken at a meeting of the City Councils, held in the old city building Market Street, Monday, July 30, 1866; at which meeting a committee of three was appointed,-two from the Common Council and one from the Select Council, in conjunction with the Presidents of Councils, to look for a lot for city buildings. The com mittee consisted of Messrs. John H. Hare and Jared M. Brush, for Common, and Mr. Wm. Phillips for Select Council. Presidents of Councils: Select, James McAuley; Common, Thomas Steel. On the 29th of October, 1866, Mr. Hare made a report, recommending the purchase of the lot, corner of Smithfield Street and Virgin Alley, adjoining the U. S. Custom-house and Post-office. The report was accepted, and the committee empowered to make the purchase. December 31, 1866, Mr. Hare reported the purchase of ground named from Messrs. Lyon, Short Co., at one hundred thousand dollars. March 1, 1867, an act was passed by the General Assembly of Pennsylvania creating a Board of Commissioners for the erection of a city hall in Pittsburgh. The Board consisted of Wm. Phillips, Jared M. Brush, Thomas Steel, Wm. M. Lyon, Wm. Holmes, James McAuley, and John H. Hare. Mr. Holmes declining, Richard Hays was chosen by the Board. The death of Mr. James McAuley caused another vacancy, which was filled by the election of Henry W. Oliver, Jr. The building was completed, and dedicated with interesting ceremonies May 23, 1872. The city hall building fronts on Smithfield Street, near Fifth Avenue, facing eastward. The excavations for the foundation walls were staked off on the 26th of June,1868; the first stone was laid on the 8th of August following, at the northeast corner of the tower; and on the 5th of May, 1869, the " cornerstone" was laid by the Masonic fraternity. The building has a frontage of one hundred and twenty feet, and is one hundred and ten feet deep. The walls of the body of the building are seventy-two feet high above the pavement on the street, and the extreme height of the tower and belfry is one hundred and seventy-five feet. The first story is twenty feet; the second, twenty-five fe et; the third, twenty feet, and the tower has two stories more, of twenty-two feet each, the attic story being fifteen feet high; but, the rear half of the building has an additional story, formed by dividing the second story into two, forming, a mezzanine or half-story. A basement story of twelve feet is made under the whole building, the walls of which are of stone, and sunk twenty feet below the ground-line to a bed of hard gravel, which was grouted with liquid cement before building. The material used in the construction is vhite sandstone, called by geologists " traveled stone, and brick and iron. This stone contains 96.82 parts of silica to the 100, and is very durable. The main entrance to the building is through the arcade, which is sixteen feet wide by thirty-four feet long, and having three openings in front, each six feet wide. On the right of the entrance are the Mayor's offices, and on the left the Treasurer's. In the centre is the main doorway, opening into a vestibule twelve by sixteen feet, leading into the central hall, which is thirty-seven feet square and communicates with every room in the building, being open from the first floor to the roof, ninety-six feet high, and having galleries seven feet wide on all four sides of each floor above the first, and a sky-light twenty feet square in the roof, which lights up th e whole interior. The gallery to the second floor is supported by twelve Ionic columns of eighteen inches diameter, and a full entablature. The galleries to the upper floors are supported by wrought-iron beams, and each gallery is furnished with cornices and balustrades, the whole being constructed with iron, and the floors formed of brick-arching, covered with marble tiles. Opposite to the main entrance, and immediately in rear of the central hall, is the stairway, twenty feet wide, having a central flight of eight feet, and two sideflights of five feet wide each, leading to the attic story. At the top of the first flight, in the rear wall, are placed three windows, three by eight feet each, filled with embossed glass, having designs illustrative of the TURRET CLOCK. The turret clock of the city hall is the medium by which the time is supplied to the city of Pittsburgh from the Observatory in Allegheny. The source of' all time is the observation of the heavenly bodies, and an observatory, where one exists, is the natural means of obtaining it at first hand. The Commissioners of the new city hall, and a number of members of Councils, having visited the Allegheny Observatory, and found there an extended system of time distribution already organized for the use of railroads and others, it was proposed to the Director of the Observatory, Professor S. P. Langley, to supervise and arrange a system for supplying time to Pittsburgh in such a manner that every citizen could enjoy the use of it, and all the affairs of its large business community be regulated by a single accurate standard. The personal examination of the systems employed in Great Britain having led him to desire to introduce one in Pittsburgh, which might inaugurate in this country the use of the most beneficial features found elsewhere, with some contemplated improvements, he was requested by the Commissioners to devise the arrangements he deemed most suitable, to superintend their execution, and finally, on the part of the Observatory, to assume the responsibility of their direction and maintenance, so far as was necessary for the' purposes of a constant regulation, by connection from the Observatory's standard mean time clock with the public time. The ultimate standard of time, by which all regulators are set, being the motion of the heavenly bodies, and no time-keeper having the power to keep itself right, the best clock will go wrong, without constant supervision, and the best time is that which is most frequently regulated by the stars. Two things are chiefly desirable: a general access of the public to one common standard, and the exact truth of that standard. The consideration of unity is here placed before that of accuracy, as it is, in fact, not hard to see that if every clock and watch in the community were agreed in being wrong by exactly the same amount, little practical inconvenience would be felt. It is, however, believed that in the Pittsburgh system unity and accuracy are equally attained. It is well known that the sun can be made to announce his own passage across the meridian by a burning-lens-placed so that the solar rays falling on it at noon shall ignite a fuse at their focus and fire a gun; and to improve on this' rude,contrivance, so that at the instant the " mean" sun crosses the meridian a signal may announce to everyone that it is exactly twelve o'clock, more exactly than if the sun itself gave the signal, is the object of all contrivances like these. There is, in the cupola of the city hall, an alarm bell, and very elaboratemechanism for ringing it, which existed before any of the arrangements now metioned were perfected. To take advantage of this, which was just what was wanted to make the Observatory signal audible, the Director was requested to provide with the makers for special electrical attachments to the new turret clock. This fine instrument, built by the Messrs. Howard of Boston, is in the first place an excellent time-keeper by itself, and being driven by weights. in the ordinary manner, is as independent of electric connection as any clock can be, and would continue to to and to move the hands on the four transparent dials if every wire connecting it with the Observatory were removed. The electric attachments to this clock are of the most complete description, and worthy the attention of any one interested in such matters. They were executed also by Messrs. Howard, through Mr. Hamblet, as electrician, the latter gentleman having skillfully embodied in them the wishes of the Director and the results of his own practical information. The turret clock is kept in such close accordance with the Observatory standard, that they may be considered, for practical purposes, as operating like one piece of mechanism. At the exact hour of noon the bell is struck, and for the convenience of the public the stroke is repeated at every third hour of the day and night. There is among other electric attachments of the turret clock, one which will put any distant pendulum of a clock, connected with it by a wire, under control of its' own, so that the two swing together as though united by a rigid bar. This enables the turret clock to become, in its turn, a sort of prime motor, controlling any or all clocks, if desired, in distant police stations, or other city offices, so that all move in exact time with the standard. FIRE-ALARM TELEGRAPH. The room on the fourth floor is occupied entirely by the Fire-Alarm Telegraph, in which branch are employed one superintendent of telegraph, three operators, and one repairman. The apparatus for receiving and transmitting alarms is most complete, and believed to be as good as any in the country, and has been noticeably successfully for the purposes intended. The machinery was manufactured by the American Fire-Alarm Telegraph Company, and consists of eight signal-bells, eight relay magnets, and two five-penl ref,isters for receiving alarms. For transniittingi tlie alarms to the various engine-houses, there are six: relay mag-nets,' six, sounderis aiid a three-dial repeater, by mneans of which the signal-box from wbich an alarm has been received is accurately and promptly repeated on the engine-house gongs, and at the same time struck upon the city ball bell, for the beniefit of the public. Every third hour of the twenty-four,-viz., three, six:, nine, and twelve o'clock is noted by a stroke upon the city ball bell, ancl upon four other public bells located in different parts of the city, as follows: at Lawrence School-house, Seventeenth Ward; Presbyterian Church, East End, Twentieth Ward; Hazelwood School-house, Twenty-third Ward; and Engine-house, Twenty-sixth Ward. Arrangements for this public convenience in different parts of the city were provided by the Board of Fire Commissioners, and are supervised by the officers of the Alarm Telegraph Department. There were in 1874 one hundred and twelve miles of wire, one hundred and fifteen alarm-boxes, fourteen engine-house gongs, and four bell-strikers in use in the consolidated city, To operate the machinery, three hundred and twenty cells of Collaud battery are used. The alarms are divided into eight signal and six alarm circuits. In the lower and more thickly populated and business portions of the city, three engine companies, with their hose-carriages, the extra hose-carriage, and a hook-and-ladder company, answer the first alarm. In other portions of the city two companies only answer. In case the Chief Engineer or Assistant find additional aid required at a fire, their signal to that effect calls other companies. The two rooms immediately over the reception-room, and of the same size, one on the third and the other on the fourth floor, were set apart for the use of the Fire Department and the alarm telegraph connected therewith, all under the control and management of a Board of Commissioners, consisting of nine members. The rooms were taken possession of in the spring of 1872. That on the third floor is furnished for the use of the Board as an office and a place of meeting. It also serves as offices for the Chief Engineer and his Assistant and the Secretary of the Board. All the accounts of the Department are kept here, together with the various records required. At present (1874) the Department consists of ten steam-engine companies, three hook-and-ladder companies, one hose company, and, with the Chief and Assistant Engineers, there are one hundred and three (103) active firemen employed. The apparatus consists of ten steam fire-engines, with as many hose companies connected therewith, a two-horse hose-carriage to provide extra hose when necessary, and three hook-and-ladder companies. With each engine company there is a foreman, an engineer, fireman, driver, and four hoseHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 126 men. With the largest hook-and-ladder truck there is a foreman, driver, tillerman, and three laddermen. The other ladder trucks are in charge of five men. The independent hose company comprises a foreman, driver, and two hosemen. The class of engines in use are six: second-class, and four third-class, all of the Amoskeag Companys make. A third-class engine has recently been received for the Thirty-sixth Ward. ln all business with the office of the Department, the foremen represent the companies. Requisitions for supplies are made monthly to the Chief Engineer, and orders on the storehouses are issued by him. A monthly time-sheet, properly probated before the City Controller, is presented to the Secretary by the foreman of eaeh company, and warrants are issued, signed by the President of the Commission, and countersigned by the City Controller. The Board of Commissioners are divided into four monthly committees of two each, and these committees inspect the companies, apparatus, etc., and attend to the wants of the Department alternately, from month to month. There are also standing committees on Finance and Building and Real Estate, in which connection it is proper to state that the Department has no rents to pay, all of the twelve buildings (including the storehouse occupied) being the property of the city. This account is from the report of 1874, the latest we have been able to procure. There have been some additions to the force and equipment of the Fire Department since, but we have not the data. THE PRESS. THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE. The Gazette is the oldest newspaper west of the mountains. It was established by John Scull and Joseph Hall, and the first paper was issued on the 29th of July, 1786. At that time there had been no mail established between Pittsburgh and the Eastern cities, and " all correspondence was carried by special express or casual travelers." In the issue of the Gazette for September 30, 1788, is the following extract from a letter dated Philadelphia, September 14, 1786: Mr. Brison has returned from New York with o rders to establish a post from this place to Pittsburgh, and one from Virginia to Bedford. The two to meet at Bedford. The following letter explains itself: " MONDAY MORNING, July 1, 1792. " DEAR SIR: John Wright's pack-horses, by whom I receive my paper from Chambersburg have returned without bringing me any, owing to none being finished. As I am entirely out, and do not know what to do, I take the liberty of applying to you for some you have in the public stores (and of which I have had some) as a loan, or an exchange for the kind herein inclosed and as this kind is smaller, I will make an adequate allowance or if you could wait two or three weeks, I will return you paper of a superior quality for any purpose, as I have sent to Philadelphia, by Mr. Brackenridge, for a large quantity, and John Wright's pack-horses return immediately to Chambersburgh, and will bring me up some. As I conceive you will not want the paper as soon as I can replace it, I flatter myself you will let me have three reams, and as soon as I receive mine it shall be returned, or if you choose to take the inclosed in exchange, it shall be immediately sent you. If you can oblige me with the paper it will do at any time this day, and I shall consider myself under a very particular obligation. "I am, dear sir, your most obedient servant, *MAJOR ISAAC CRAIG. " JOHN SCULL."* John Scull was succeeded in the proprietorship of the paper by his son John T. Scull and Morgan Neville, a son of General John Neville; but the date of the transfer we have not been able to obtain. John Scull, the elder, died February 8, 1828, in Westmoreland County, aged sixty-three years. Messrs. Eichbaum Johnston succeeded Scull and Neville. Mr. Eichbaum afterwards sold his interest to C. Stockton. David Maclean bought out Johnston Stockton in 1822. Matthew Maclean took an interest with his brother in 1825. In 1829 the brothers Maclean sold the Gazette to Neville B. Craig, Esq., but reserved the jobbiing department, which they continued until 1 835-36. (David Maclean died at Springdale, on his farm, in 1852. Matthew Maclean is still living at Lincoln Station, West Pennsylvania Railroad.) In 1835 Mr. Craig took in Matthew Maclean Grant (a nephew of the Macleans) as a partner. The firm continued until 1841, when they sold out to D. N. White. Neville B. Craig, Esq., author of a History of Pittsburgh and publisher of the "Olden Time,7 died March 3, 1863, aged seventy-six. April 7, 1845, White took B. F. Harris in as a partner, under the firm name Craig's History of Pittsburgh.REV. CHARLES AVERY"S MONUMENT. R?EV. CHARLES AVF-.Y. TIIis MONUMENT was erected in A.D. 1860, to the memory of Charles Avery, a distinguished philanthropist Pittsburgh, 3Mr. Avery's head, band, heart, and purse were with it, from bottom to top. Ile was also frequent and benefactor of the African race, who died at Pittsburgh in 1858, and was interred in thle beautiful rural in his generous assistance to poor young men of good character, to local itinerant preachers and teachers, "Allegheny" Cemetery of that city. At the time of its erection it was pronounced the finest private Moniu- and to literary institutions. ment in the United States; it was the worlc of Louis Verhagen, an eminent sculptor of New York, a native Towards the end of his life 3Mr. Avery's benevolence intensified, and, as it were, crystallized in one direcof Belgiuni, at a cost of eigliteens thousand dollars. It is embellished on the fiorth side by a full length alle- tion. In Bible doctrines lse had taken the side of free grace for alt mankind. In Church government he gorical figure of Charity, a female with infant child; on the south side by a figure of Justice, blindfolded, with advocated the rights of the laity, and on the slave question he took the side of the down-trodden, and bescales and sword; on the west side is a tablet in bas-relief representing Mr. Avery with a group of negroes, some came thorouglily anti-slavery. Ilis large-heartedness needed a special object to spend itself upon, and he in nude barbarism, others as educated and refined, witli "Avery College" in the background, and a ship in espoused the cause of the oppressed and friendless negro. He observed them poor, ignorant, degraded, and the distance, to which Mr. Avery points, as bound for Africa, withl missionaries on board educated by Isis socially ostracised, and these were motives enough to call forth his most heartfelt sympathies, and earnest, bounty and sent to carry tIle gospel to the colored tribes of Afr'ica. The material is pure statuary marble, helpfiil efforts. After much forethought, and earnest prayer to God for success, he commuitted himself to the imported fronm Italy especially for this monument. The pedestal, twenty-four feet high, is surmounted by a work he had on hand. Living on the borders of a slave State, he slot only had opportunity of observing the colossal statue, nine and a half feet high, which is a perfect likensess of tle living man, and of rare excellence condition of the slave, but of assisting fugitives from bondage. as a work of art. The inscriptions are as follows, viz.: On the east face of thie shaft He was ever most liberal to the colored people of this section. Recognizing them as men, he invited them CHARLES AVERY, to his house and table, and visited theirs,-at a time, too, when it required moral courage to do so. He was BoRN IN WESTCHESTERa COUNTY, NEw YoRK, DEcCEtBER 10, A.D. 1784; never ashhamned either of his religion or Iits brethren, without regard to color, but recognized the colored man DIED iN ALLEGHENY CITY, PENNSYLVANIA, not only Iiis equal in right, but in capacity, though not in opportunity, and it was long his desire to test this JANUA'RY 17, A.D. 1858. comiviction by actual experiment. The minid of the colored man, Mr. Avery argued,'will never be able to AYERY. show its capacities until traiined in an institution where lie feels himself welcome, at home, aed by nature equal to the best." And so, in Allegheny City, he erected on Iiis own grounds, and exclmmsively at his own On the west face:-CHARLES AVERY. The tsee is known by itsfrlmit.-MATT. xii. 33. lie hatlh dispersed ea expense, the comDmodiouis college for colored people wliich iiow bears Iiis nam-e. For several year's lie was abroad; Hie hath given to the Peoor: His righteousness seissaineth forever.-II. CoR. ix. 9. Remember the word qf President of the Board of Trustees, many of whom were black men, mend are such to this day. Most of the the Lord Jesus, how lie said, It is more blessed to give thean to eceive.-AcTs xx. 35. The memory of the just is teachers vere, and still are, persons of color. The design of the institmmtion was to flirnish a complete colblessed.--PRey. x. 7. lege course of Latin, Greek, mathematics, and sciences; and in order to fit the students fom- this curriculum, REV. CHARLES AVERY.i" he established a preparatory sclmool, which snow exists and flosrishes unmder the superintendence of Mr. B. K. The memory of a really just and good man belongs to and should be more especially clierished by the Sampsomi. Before the college department was in actual operation Mr. Avery died, in 1858, at the age of 73, commminnity in wimich he passed Iiis life, and whlere his acts of bemlevolence were displayed. Unselfish Chris- leaving a large estate to benevolent purposes, and making a special beqsmest of $25,000 to this institute. tian workers are not so plenty in these modern days that a city can afford to forget them when they are In church matters Mr. Avery was ever a leading spirit, earnest, zealous, and as mmuch opposed to clerical passed from mortal sight to their just reward. The graves of such worthies shouhli also have their stated domination as he was to slave-holding. He was avaluable counsellor and a very influential "LocalPreacher," decoration days, and should thie inscription on their tombs be in danger of obliteration, an "Old Mortality" universally respected for his piety, talents, usefutimess, and umrbanity of manners. He and his wife were slmould arise now and then to re-grave the lines, and rescue them from "Decay's effacing fingers." Such constant in their attendance at camp-meetings, and Isis tent was ever open for the accommodation of both will be our pleasing duty now. friends and strangers. At these social religious gatherings he was a miost earnest worker, as a preacher at The subject of our sketch passed a long and honored life in Pittsburgh. It was here he amassed his the stand, In the altar, and among the tents. Wlserever penitents were, there was lie to be fournd. At the wealth, and here he spent it; here he, preached, and here lie died and is mournied. The leading mand ruling "Love Feasts" and "Class Meetings" of his church and denomination, his whole soul was stirred with zeal idea of Isis whole life was that he was but the steward of God's bousnty, and that as a faithful trmmstee he was and emotion. His style of preaching was plain. Scriptural, full of pusre gospel, vital piety, and practical accountable to him for its disposition, which he held should be fom- the welfiare of man and the glory of God. common sense. He preferred his native unadorned simplicity of gospel truth, delivered with holy unction He was a nmost sincere and lifelong friend and benefaetor of the down-trodden colored race when such open and earnestness, to all the flights of a splendid rhetoric. espousal of their cauise brought him, humanly speaking, more obloquiy than hosior, but CaTARLEs AVERY was Mlr. Avery died as hle lived, full of trust in God and love to Isis fellow-man. A few days before his end, not osme of those wvho could ever betray hits conscience, or set at naught his most earnest convictionos; neither the sacrament was admiinistered to him, amid at his last hours Isis heart was fixed asod Isis face beanied with was he one of that large miumber who postpone their charities and bounties muntil death separates themi from joy and confidence. To the Rev. M1r. Cowle, who asked hdim if le had aiy message to carry to Iis people, his their wealth, striving to coiidlone for life's mieglects by a posthlumous munificence, but lie was hiimiself thie latest breath was spent in murniuring the following pertinent text, which unay be said to have furnished almoner of his own bounty, living frugally and self-sacrificingly that hie niighlt spare the niore, probably, at him his rule of life-" Tie tree is known by its fruit." His remains were kept for several days, aid the respect death than he lIad dispensed during hits. thatv was paid to thienm tiy all classes amundantly manifested the strong hold he had upon the affections of the CHAsrLEss AvERsY was born in Westchester County, Ne1v York, in 1784. Being osme of a large family, and whole community. All classes camie in crowds, the rich, the poor, the white, thi black. with a defective education, he proceeded to New York City to pushl his fiortune, and apprenticed himself to a The portrait that acconipamiies this hurried and very inmperfect sketch of a noble life is considered, by those druggist. Ilere, in connection with the business lie resolved to miastem-, he advanced his edLication by means who were nmost intimate with Mr. Avery, as a most faithful likeness. e I-was a large, heavy, and fine-looking of night schooling and a systemoatic couirse of reading. A new and influential element at this time entered noan. His features were regular, eyes gray, hair dark auburn, famce sonmevwhat florid, and, as the portrait into mis young and earnest life, by his conversion and self-dedication to Christ. He was living in dosibt testifies, his whole countenance beamed withl goodnoess and benevolence. his bearing towards all was kind, whether to serve the Mlethodist Church, with whiiclh lie had united, as a regularly ordaimmed minister, or to cosirtqous, and affasble, and his whole deportament that ofea polished Christiaii gentleman. In Iiis own house, serve it as best he could in connection with his btisiness, as am "local preacher." After niimchl counsel with especially, was he reniarkable for Isis Ikindness amid hospitality, amid from his door the childreno of poverty, others, amid miany strusggles in his own heart, he resolved on the latter; and with hiin to resolve was to act. white or black, never went empty away. For many years he wvas a cotton-nianufamcturer, iso company with John and Thomas Arbmsckle amid Josiah The fortune of Mr. Avery at death was estimated at nearly eight hundred thoosand dollars, almost all of King amid I. M. Pennock. This was the basis of lois large wealth, which he afterwards greatly increased by which was given to benevolent objects. Aio equial sum was probably expended by him in puiblic amid private investmnents in the copper regions of Lake Superior. He was anoong the very first to perceive the woinder- acts of beneficence during lis life. Havinog mo children to inherit his large estate, after a liberal distribution ftsl richnmoess of that district, and was the pioneer in its developimemit, sinking, in cosmopany witli Messrs. Howe, to his widow, aimd his own and wife's relations, the residue was left for the good of Iiis fellow-men. 3Most Hissey, amid others, the first shaft for copper in all that region. Ilis drug businiess also prospe,in'g, lie soon liberal bequests were made to Allegheny Institute, Preachers' Aid Society, Obemrlin College, American Misranked anmong the solid men of Pittsburgh. His wealth was all amassed in an honorable asid legitimate sionary Society, variouse Methodist Churches, Passavant's and Pensnsylvania Hospitals, etc. nmasosoer. Speculationm was not to Isis taste, and greedy, self-seelcing specuslators lie abhorred. lie never lost Having fumll confidenoce in the integrity and discretion of Ihis chosen executors, Hon. Thomas Al. Howe, sight of his conscience, the "golden rule," or the God whoomi he professed to serve. He carried his religion Win. MI.. Sliinn, Esq., and Josiah King, he devised to them his residuary estate, estimated by thie testator at with hismo in all his transactions, aisd was always prumdenot, deliberate, and far-seeing, never in debt, or over- probably osie husnodred thloumsand dollars, possibly oime hlundred mnd fifty thosusanid dollars, oiie moiety thereof burdened with business complications, and lience ever esteemed a happy, geniial, and sociable business nmaln. to be for the "dissemination of the Gospel of Jesus Christ among the colored tribes of Africa," uinder the As before stated, Mr. Avery's benevoleince was as muchi a part of hiis daily life as was his seligion. Large- auspices of the Anmerican Missionary Association of New Yoi-k (of whichs fr. Avery had beeni a life nmemmober), hearted amid unostentatious, it was his regular habit, fiommo Isis very youths, a part of thie structure of his mma- the other moiety as a perpetual funid, the issues thereof' to be applied "to the education and elevation of the ture, but rendered nmore a miatter of consciemotious obligation in him by Iiis selfSconsecration to Isis Mlmaker. colored people of the Unitedi States and Canada." Since the death of Mr. Shminn, in 1864, the fumrthier manIn strict coimformiity with his fasvorite Bible texts, he commenced this part of his life by givisig away tIme first agement of this trusteeshlip has devolved on the survivors, Messrs. Howt aind K ing, acd lias been such that five dollars hie ever smoade in osir city to sosne poor people for bumildisg a chiirch. This wass liis first "firsit- they will accouint for a sumii exceeding double the maximum estimate of time decedeint, and sulchm also that offering," ansd deeming himmoself eves- after as but a steward for God, hoe dedicated his means to benevolent valuable normal and otlier schools for colored people have been partially orvwholly endowed in Pennsylvania, purposes. He took the liberal view of every local nseasure, abounding in charitable contribustiosms to benoevo- Ohiio, Virginia, Northo Carolina, Canada West, and elsewhere. lent enterprise of-Pittsburgh, Alleghleiny, and surroundintisigs. tsHiemwas a la-ge and constanot giver to tie poor, We close this inmperfect skletchi of a good and puire man smith the simple remiarlk that Pittsburgh should ever not lettising tis lsight hand lissow what his left fiand did, and tliss, too, without regard to comsplexion, nation- holsh dear the nmenmory of one of tier best anmi greatest cisizens. His smoble ex;imple is still operating in ossr ality, or dienosinisation. Hei mainly ulilt the K. P. Church o050 East Ciomons, Allegheny, withiout asking mist. Ilis benevolence and phlilaithiropy are still exerting a wide and hellfu iinfluence. Ils humnility, piety, contributions finonm any, bsmt accepting sonm feew voluntary oiies. Whleni the Third 31. P. Church was built in. conscientiousness, and zeal finr thei honor of God and welfaire of his fellow-noan, cannot and should not easily be finrgottesi, and his whole life constasntly temaches that great wealthi is only valumble for what it does, amid not * This sketch was written by thie late Rev. George Brosen, D.D., a contemporary asnd attached friend of Mr. for swhat it is, amid that its possessor is nmore honored in the disposal of his means, and the motives which Avery, amid was originally published in the Peo:ple's hl-ontlhly, in July, 1871, and is reproduced here with slight actssate limo in such ispesal, raller than in the anmout of his gatherings. When ssicli mre caIled to rest alterations and correctioris. from their labors, may they be as sure as tIme subject of this sketch, that their good worlks mmill follow thlemn.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 127 then became Whitney Dunn. In 1851; the firm changed again to Barr McDonald, and in 1853 Mr. Barr was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Babcock. This firm in turn sold out to Kennedy Brothers in 1854. and in 1856 Charles McKnight became sole proprietor, and continued to issue the paper until 1863, when Mr. Joseph G. Siebeneck became a partner. Mr. McKnight retired from the firm in 1864, and the same year the partnership of Siebeneek Collins was formed. In 1874, Mr. W. A. Collins retired, and Mr. Siebeneck became sole proprietor, and still continues at the present time (1876). The circulation at present is daily, eight thousand; weekly, five thousand copies. In politics the Chronicle maintains a strictly independent position, and is esteemed as the most readable and reliable family journal issued in the city. Throughout the long years intervening since the date of its establishment, the Chronicle has maintained a hold upon the confidenee and patronage of the public which could not be weakened. Its aim being to elevate journalism, to give a paper which would be a welcome visitor in every family, every effort has been made to accomplish that object, and the proprietor has the satisfaction of knowing that the efforts of himself and predecessors have been successful. The Chronicle now enjoys a larger circulation than ever before, while its efficiency as an advertising medium is acknowledged on every hand. THE DAILY POST. On the 10th of September, 1842, the first number of the Pittsburgh Daily Post was issued from the building corner Fifth Avenue and Wood Street. The Post is the legitimate successor of the Commonwealth, published by Ephraim Pentland, July, 24, 1805. It was in 1811 that James C. Gilleland, Esq., started the Pittsburgh Mercury. In 1812, John M. Snowden, Esq., succeeded him in the management of the paper. Joseph Snowden took charge about 1830, and retired in 1835. Robert Morrow and William H. Smith were his successors. The Allegheny Democrat was established in 1824 or 1825, by John McFarland. After his death, it was carried on by Leonard S. Johns, Esq., who then " concurred" in sentiment with the Democrats. It passed through several other hands, and in 1841 was united with the Mercury, and both were printed by Mr. William H. Smith, under the style of the Mercury and Democrat. Some time in 1831, William B. Conway, Esq., established the American Manufacturer, which was continued by himself and Richard Phillips, afterward by Thomas Phillips, until 1842, when the Mercury and Democrat and the Manufacturer were merged in the Weekly Mercury and Manufacturer, and under this arrangement, on the 10th of September, 1842, the Daily Post was issued by Thomas Phillips and William H. Smith. The present editor and senior proprietor of the Post was engaged in the office when the first number was issued and has been connected with it in various capacities for the greater part of its existence. It is the third daily in point of age in the city, being only out-counted in years by the Gazette and Chronicle. It has seen the rise and fall of many rivals, both in and out of the Democratic party. Among the former were the Advocate, the Commercial Journal, the Spirit of the Age, the, Sun, etc.; and among the latter were the Aurora, the Union, etc. It has been conducted successively by Phillips Smith; Bigler, Sargent Bigler; Lecky Harper; Harper Layton; Gillmore Montgomery; James P. Barr; and James P. Barr, Joseph S. Lare, William Schoyer, and E. A. Myers, under the firm name of J. P. Barr Co. It is at present published on Wood Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. THE DAILY DISPATCH. The Daily Dispatch, Pittsburgh's representative paper, was established February 8, 1846, by the late Colonel J. H. Foster, and was the first penny paper published west of the mountains. It was then a puny little sheet, scarcely onefourth its present size; but, through the vigor and independence of its editorials, devoted generally to the discussion of home topics, and the spice, variety, and fullness of its local reports, it bounded at once into public favor, and within a year from its establishment had reached a circulation more than equal to that of all the other city dailies combined. In 1849 the late Mr. Reece C. Fleeson bought an interest in the paper, and under the joint management of Colonel Foster and himself it was conducted with marked success until the death of the latter, in 1863, dissolved their partnership, and left the former sole proprietor. Mr. Foster had, however, neither the time nor physical ability to give the office the attention it required. He had entered the army during the early part of the war, and having been appointed provost-marshal some months afterwards, the duties of the position absorbed so much of his attention that he had little or no time to give to the Dispatch. The office, in homely phrase, was left to "run itself," and Mr. Foster, finding that it was becoming a source of expense rather than profit to him, disposed of one-half the establishment to the present proprietors, in February, 1865, since which time they have had control of its management. The first step of the new partners on of White Harris. April 1, 1847, White Harris sold to Erastus Brooks, who took charge as editor and proprietor. June 7, 1847, the firm was changed to Brooks Co. (name of Company not given). On the 1st of July, 1848, D. N. White again purchased the paper and became editor and proprietor. He sold out to R. Errett Co., in 1859. January 1, 1861, S. Riddle Co. became proprietors, and in turn sold to the "Gazette Association" in 1864. The Association sold to Penniman, Reed Co., May 14, 1866. The latter firm changed to King, Reed Co., November 1, 1870, who are the present proprietors. The Gazette, while indorsing the principles and policy of the Republican party to an extent that has caused it to be recoogized as the leading Republican newspaper of Western Pennsylvania, has not failed to rebuke the political leaders of its own faith when necessity required, at all times placing the success of the party on the broad principle of right, and not of temporary expediency. The intelligence and candor which have marked its discussion of all questions have given it a strong hold on the confidence of the masses of intelligent, thinking people of its section. Not only have its standing and character steadily risen, but its circulation and material prosperity have correspondingly increased, until it is now conceded that it wields a larger influence on all public questions than any Pittsburgh journal. Reliability, honesty, and candor have been and are its marked characteristics, while the fullness with which it gives important news, and the care with which it condenses the unimportant, have placed it in the highest rank as a news-paper. Its commercial and market reports are specialties to which the most ample attention is given, and the reputation of these reports is widely extended. Thus it fulfills the highest functions of a public journal. Its news columns are amply supplied, the most searching care being exercised to make them reliable rather than sensational. Its local columns contain a perfect resume of Pittsburgh life, from day to day. In its editorials it is what a metropolitan journal should be, an organ of opinion. Its views are clearly and fearlessly expressed, and ably maintained. It thus aims at the true ideal-completeness in the news and market departments, and fullness, independence, and freedom in editorial discussion. The pettiness of personal vilification is put aside, and high-toned, honorable discussion substituted. It is not surprising that a journal possessed of every good quality sought in a newspaper, and that avoids the bad, should have a wide and powerful hold on the confidence of the people. Its views are widely accepted, and its advice followed, until it has often been remarked that it controls the destiny of political candidates. Its career has been, under the present firm, one of increasing prosperity, and at the present it seemns to have simply renewed its youth, and to be advancing in-to larger prosperity and more ex:tended influence than it ever possessed before. THE PITTSBURGH EVENING CHRONICLE. This enterprising and thriving journal was established as a weekly paper in May, 1841, by R. G. Berford, Esq., now of New York City. It was first issued as a daily morning paper September 8, 1841, with J. Heron Foster and W. H. Whitney as editors. Judging from the second volume of its files, which is now before us, it had a very fair share of patronage from the start, and its columns now afford sufficient evidence that it has fully maintained the reputation attained in those early years of its history. The advertising columns of the volume before us are filled with announcements from the leading business firms of the city, and many of the advertisements give an idea of the then existing state of affairs. For instance, in the issue of February 16, 1842, Van Worden's " Writing, Book-keeping, and Daguerreotype Establishment" is advertised in bold type. The art, which has now reached such perfection, was then being introduced in Pittsburgh, and Mr. V., with apparent satisfaction, announces his ability to make pictures "finer than any steel engraving, and far more accurate than any oil painting." In the same issue is the text of the "1 Act to provide for the Resumption of Specie Payment by the Banks of the Commonwealth," showing that history has repeated itself most unmistakably. Phrenology was, in those days, the great hobby. Accordingly we find an advertisement of " Professor Goodbarne, who says " his capacity as a phrenologist is well known from the fact of his having examined four thousand persons in Pittsburgh and vicinity." Mesmerism and animal magnetism were, in 1842, likewise topics which filled people's minds, and a lecture, with experiments on these topics, by Mr. W. A. Burleigh, one of the early anti-slavery men, and subsequently correspondent of the Cronicle in New York, is reported in the columns of the paper for that year. Whitney, Dumars Wright assumed charge of the paper in September, 1843. In 1846, Mr. Thomas W. Wright sold out his one-third interest to James Dumars for two thousancl dollars. In 1847-48, Mr. Dumars retired from the firm, which128 and a number of others representing the various business interests of the community. The first meeting of stockholders was held December 28, 1863, at the rooms of the " Iron Association.' James I. Bennett was President, and William M. Hersh acted as Secretary. The following Board of Directors was chosen: William S. Haven, George H. Holtzman, Mark W. Watson, William M. Hersh, F. R. Brunot, R. H. Palmer, and John W. Riddell. Previous to this date, a communication had been received from a committee representing " The Pittsburgh Gazette Association, which had just organized with a capital stock of thirty-five thousand dollars, and had contracted for the purchase of the Gazette for thirty-three thousand dollars. The committee proposed that the stock of the two companies should be consolidated, and a paper established, commensurate with the wants of the citizens. The proposition was entertained and discussed, but for some reason the consolidation was not effected. At the first meeting of the shareholders, the directors were instructed to ascertain at what price they could purchase the Commercial, and at the subsequent meeting held February 10, 1864, it was reported that the Commercial could be bought for twelve thousand dollars. A resolution was at once adopted authorizing the purchase, and on the following day the first number of the paper, under the new organization, was issued. A committee consisting of George H. Holtzman and John W. Riddell was appointed to visit the East and secure the services of a competent managing editor. In the mean time R. D. Thompson, of Brooklyn, New York, had been engaged as business manager, and remained in that capacity until November, 1871. The committee to select an editor secured the services of C. D. Brigham, who took charge of the paper in March, 1864. The Board of Directors organized by appointing W. S. Haven, President; William M. Hersh, Secretary, and R. H. Palmer, Treasurer. The paper rose rapidly in popular favor, and soon took rank as the leading newspaper of Pennsylvania. On the 4th of September, 1865, the following Board of Directors was chosen: William S. Haven, W. K. Nimick, M. W. Watson, R. H. Palmer, George H. Holtzman, W. A. Caldwell, and William M. Hersh. Mr. Haven declined to serve as President, and Mr. Holtzman was chosen in his stead. Mr. Caldwell was appointed Secretary. This board continued until September, 1867. At the annual meeting in September, 1867, Messrs. William M. Hersh, W. K. Nimick, C. D. Brigham, W. A. Caldwell, R. H. Palmer, David McCandless, and M. W. Watson, were ch osen directors. Mr. Watson was elected President; Mr. Caldwell, Secretary; and Mr. Palmer, Treasurer. A new and more liberal charter was obtained in March, 1868, and on the 15th of April following, at a meeting of stockholders called for the purpose, the charter was accepted, and the existing officers authorized'to serve till the next annual meeting. Under the new charter the title was changed to the " Commercial Printing Company." In 1869 no change was made in the management. November 21, 1871, a stockholders' meeting was held, and directors were chosen to serve for the remainder of the year, as follows: William Anderson, Edward Abel, R. B. Carnahan, C. D. Brigham, G. E. North, Charles R. Brigham, and Charles Bradley. C. D. Brigham, President; William Anderson, Secretary; Edward Abel, Treasurer. September 10, 1872, the same Board was continued. Previous to the reorganization in 1871, Mr. Brigham had obtained a majority of the stock, and controlled the paper financially as well as editorially. In December, 1872, the stock of Mr. Brigham was purchased by Robert W. Mackey, State Treasurer, who has since held a controlling interest in the paper,-over two-thirds of the stock. On the 25th of January, 1873, R. W. Mackey and Russell Errett were chosen directors to fill vacancies caused by the retirement of R. B. Carnahan and C. D. Brigham. Mr. Mackey was chosen President, and Russell Errett was selected as managing editor. September 9, 1873, M. F. Eagan, who had succeeded Mr. Thompson as business manager, was elected a Director in place of' C. R. Brigham. Mr. Eagan's connection with the office ceased September 25, 1875, and the duties of manager have since devolved upon the Treasurer, Edward Abel, who has been connected with the business department since the first issue in September, 1863. The editorial staff, at the present writing (August 1, 1876), is organized as follows: Managing Editor, Russell Errett; Assistant Editors, Richard Realf and G. E. North; Financial Editor, L. Halsey Williams; Commercial and River Editor, William Evans; Assistants, J. F. Hudson and F. H. Coolley; City Editor, William Anderson; Assistants, Frank P. Case and William Ramsey. No newspaper enterprise in Pittsburgh ever achieved such marked success as the Commercial. Its management was liberal beyond any previous attempts at journalism in this city, and the patronage which it received was ample compensation for the outlay. In a year or two after the paper started it had revolutionized the newspaper business here. Greater enterprise was infused into the other papers; much more space was given to news and other matters, and the rates of' taking charge was to enlarge the paper, which was then less than half its present size, and the subscription price was also raised to a figure corresponding in a measure with large advance in the cost of paper, ink, composition, etc., brought about by the war. It was a bold move, but, contrary to the predictions of many of its friends, it proved a great success; for within five months from the time of its enlargement its circulation had nearly doubled, and a corresponding increase in its advertising patronage very naturally followed. This led to a second enlargement; but, even with this, it had not yet attained dimensions sufficient to accommodate the demand for space in its columns, and a third increase in size became necessary before the close of the year. In 1867, Colonel Foster, whose health had long been declining, died, and his interest in the paper having been purchased by its present owners, the establishment was supplied with an entire new outfit, including a new Hoe Rotary Lightning Press, with capacity for printing from twelve thousand to fourteen thousand sheets per hour. The paper was again enlarged, its working force increased, and the scope of its usefulness greatly widened. With its history since the public is familiar. From the sickly concern which, in 1865, its proprietors found it, it has grown in circulation, business, and influence, until it is now very justly regarded as the most wi dely read, prosperous, and influential paper in the State, outside of Philadelphia, and a "power in the land." The Dispatch is owned by Messrs. D. O'Neill and A. W. Rook, both practical newspaper men, and has a daily circulation of between fourteen and fifteen thousand. Mr. O'Neill's connection with the paper commenced over a quarter of a century ago, and Mr. Rook has been identified with it for the last eleven years. The Dispatch, though Republican in its proclivities, is entirely independent of party; and in discussing the issues of the day, aims always to give the facts, regardless which party is affected, or what the consequences. A weekly edition of the Dispatch is also published, which has a circulation of about eight thousand. Rowell's American Newspaper Directory says of the Dispatch: "As regards business, circulation, and influence it occupies the same position in Pittsburgh that the Herald does in New York, the Ledger in Philadelphia, and the Commercial in Cincinnati;" and the Philadelphia Proof Sheet, in alluding to it, is equally complimentary. It says, " The Dispatch makes a specialty of local news, and has long been an institution of the city of Pittsburgh. Its daily circulation is over fourteen thousand, and it has a highly lucrative and steadily increasing advertising patronage. It is conducted on the strictest business principles, and is undoubtedly the most valuable newspaper property in the State outside of Philadelphia." The paper is issued daily and weekly from the Dispatch iron building, No. 99 Fifth Avenue. THE PITTSBURGH DAILY COMMERCIAL. The Pittsburgh Daily Commercial was started by a number of prominent business men, in the summer of 1863. The course of the Gazette in opposing the election of Andrew G. Curtin for Governor met the disapproval of many prominent Republicans, and the project of starting a new paper was freely discussed. There had been for years a growing feeling among business men that their interests and the importance of the city as a manufacturing and commercial centre were not adequately represented by the daily press. The opportunity was then regarded as favorable for establishing a paper which would supply this want, and a joint stock company was formed under the title of "The Pittsburgh Commercial Printing Company." The capital was fourteen thousand dollars. Among those prominent in the enterprise were Ex-Governor William F. Johnston, N. P. Sawyer, Joshua Rhodes, T. J. Bigham, Henry D. Moore (of Philadelphia), and Thomas M. Howe. Thomas J. Bigham was editor, John B. Kennedy, assistant editor, and N. P. Sawyer, business manager. John C. Harper was city editor. It soon became apparent that the capital stock was insufficient to establish a paper of the character aimed at, and a reorganization on a broader basis was demanded. Negotiations were commenced by George H. Holtzman, representing a number of leading merchants and manufacturers, for the purchase of one or more of the existing papers, or for establishing a new one. An organization was effected under the title of " The Pittsburgh Newspaper and Printing Company," with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars. Among the stockholders were Messrs. F. R. Brunot, William Bagaley, C. W. Batchelor, M. W. Beltzhoover, A. M. Brown, Alex. Bradley, H. Childs Co.; Chess, Smyth Co.; J. McDonald Crossan, James M. Cooper, Charles J. Clarke, Caldwell Brothers, A. G. Curtin, Joseph Dilworth; Everson, Preston Co.; B. L. Fahnestock ; Co.; Graff, Bennett Co.; R. C. Gray; William M. Hersh; W. S. Haven; C. G. Hussey; B. F. Jones; William M. Lyon; Lockhart Frew; J. K. Moorhead; D. J. Morrell; David McCandless; Nimick Co., James Park, Jr.; R. H. Palmer, Joshua Rhodes, 0. P. Scaife; Spang, Chalfant Co.; William Thaw; M. W. Watson; Whitmore, Wolff, Duff Co.,HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 13 On the 13th of May; 1673, Marquette, Joliet, and five voyageurs embarked in two birch canoes at Mackinaw and entered Lake Michigan. The first nation they visited was the " Folles-Avoines, or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menomonies, living, around the "Baie des Puans, or Green Bay. These people, with whom Marquette was somewhat acquainted, endeavored to persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They represented the Indians on the great river as being bloodthirsty and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being, inhabited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes together.* Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the Fox River, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids, and visited the village, where they found living, in harmony together tribes of the Miamis, Mascoutens, and Kikabeux, or Kickapoos. Leaving this point on the 10th of June, they made the portage to the " Ouisconsin," and descended that stream to the Mississippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette says, " which he could not express." Sailinr down the Mississippi, the party reached the Des Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village some two leagues up the stream. Here the people again tried to persuade them from prosecuting, their voyage down the river. After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this hospitable people, they proceeded on their way, escorted by six hundred persons to their canoes. These people called tbemselves _Il1inois, or Illini. The name of their tribe was Peruaca and their language a dialect of the Algonquin. Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Passing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admiration of the traveler, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the Pekitanoni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the condition of its waters, which they described as "muddy, rushing, and noisy." Passing a great rock, they came to the Ouabouskigon, or Ohio. Marquette shows this river very small, even as compared with the Illinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the Akamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being destroyed by the natives; but they finally pacified them, and, on the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among the most important of that age. Marquette afterwards returned to Illinois, and preached to the natives until 1675. On the 18th of May of that year, while cruising up the eastern coast of Lake Michigan with a party of boatmen, he landed at the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since know as the river Marquette. He performed mass, and went a little apart to pray, and being gone longer than his companions deemed necessary, they went in search of him, and found him dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing, his labors, two other men, of a different stamp, were preparing, to follow in his footsteps and make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important discoveries. These were the Chevalier Robert de la Salle and Louis Hennepin. La Salle was a native of Rouen in Normandy. He was educated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to Canada in 1667, where he engaged in the fur trade. Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely interested in the new discoveries at the West, and conceived the idea of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Governor-General, Count Frontenac, and desired his co-operation. The Governor at once fell in with his views, which were immensely strengthened by the reports brought back by Marquette and Joliet, and advised La Salle to apply to the King of France in person, and gave him letters of introduction to the great Colbert, then Minister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675, he returned to France, where he was warmly received by the King and nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to and every possible favor shown to him. He was made a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston), upon condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. Reurning, to Canada he wrought diligently upon the fort until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent and new privileges. Only the 14th of July, 1678, he sailed from Rochelle, accompanied by tbirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec on the 13th of September, and after a few days' delay proceeded to Frontenae. Father Louis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet variety, was quietly working in Canada on La Salle's arrival. He was a man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accompany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, and to open trade with them, La Salle himself embarked on the 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross Lake Ontario. This was the first ship of European build that ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in beating up the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle constructed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, about six miles above the falls. In the mean time La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac to forward supplies for his forthcoming, vessel. The little barque on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large amount of the supplies she carried was lost. On the 7th of August the new vessel was launched amid great rejoicings amid made ready to sail. She was of about seventy tons' burden. La Salle christened his vessel the "Griffin," in honor of the arms of Count Frontenac. Passing across Lake Erie, and into the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they encountered heavy storms, as dreadful as those upon the ocean, and after a most tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of Michilimackinac (Mackinaw), on the 27th of August. La Salle remained at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and peltries, he determined to load this vessel and send her back to Niagara. On the 18th of September she was sent under charge of a pilot, while La Salle himself, with fourteen men, proceeded up Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after stragglers, was to join him at the head of the lake. From the 19th of September to the 1st of November, the time was occupied in the voyage up this inland sea. On the lastnamed day, La Salle arrived at the mouth of the river Miamis, now St. Joseph. Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month waiting for tidings of his vessel; but, hearing nothing, he determined to push on before the winter should prevent him. On the 3d of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-ki-ki, since corrupted into Kankakee. Embarking on this sluggish stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the rocky bluffs a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illinois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a quantity of maize stored there, and La Salle, being short of provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing down the stream, the party on the 4th of January came to a lake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct a fort. It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named Creve-Coeur (broken heart), most probably on account of the low spirits of the commander, from anxiety for his vessel and the uncertainty of the future. Possibly be had heard of the loss of the " Griffin," which occurred on her downward trip from Green Bay; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under the lead of Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Niagara and Frontenac to raise more means and enlist new men; while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they were to strengthen in the mean time, and extend their intercourse with the Indians. Hennepin started on his voyage on the last day of February, 1680, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, started on his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the Illinois River, the Miami, and Lakes Erie and Ontario, to Frontenae, which he finally reached in safety. He found his worst fears real ized. The " Griffin" was lost, his agents bad taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his goods. But he knew no such word as fail, and by the middle of summer he was again on his way with men and supplies * See legend of the great bird, the terrible " Piasa," that devoured men, and was only overcome, by the sacrifice of a brave young chief. The rocks above Alton, Illinois, have some rude representations of this monster. Prairie Indians. t Marquette's journal. The grand tower. 11 Annals of the West. The site of the work is at present unknown.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. advertising, which through a system of " cutting" had fallen below a remunerative point, were gradually brought up to a fair living standard; thus enabling all the city press to share in the benefits. It was freely admitted by other newspaper proprietors that the Commercial had aided, in a large degree, in lifting the business up and making it profitable. The paper seemed to have awakened new interest in all quarters; and while it was building up, year after year, the other papers did a largely increased business. The Commercial has always exerted a marked influence in its discussion of social, political, and other questions; and, as a leader of public opinion, and an expo-.nent of popular sentiment, it ranks among the ablest papers of the country. It has a large circulation among those engaged in banking, merchandising, manufacturing, mining, steamboating, shipping, and other branches of trade. The professional classes ministers, attorneys, physicians, teachers-largely prefer it; and many of these are occasional contributors to its columns. The daily paper is widely disseminated on all the lines of railway leading east, west, and north, through Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia; and the weekly issue finds its way to the homes of thousands of farmers, mechanics, and laboring men. The paper, since the lst of April, 1876, has been issued from the fine new iron-front building, No. 70 Fifth Avenue. The office is the most complete in its details of any in the city. The paper contains thirty-six columns, and is printed on a four-cylinder Hoe press. (See cut of building in this work.) THE PITTSBURGH LEADER. The rise and proress of the Sunday Leader from a comparatively humble beginning until it has reached its present influential position in the newspaper world, forms one of the most interesting chapters in the history of journalism that could be written. Not a few will remember the appearance of the first issue on December 11, 1864, by John W. Pittock, when it started out as the pioneer Sunday sheet of this vicinity. It was indeed a sorry-looking affair in comparison with the neatly-printed journal of the present. At that time it was determined to establish the Leader, if perseverance could by any possibility accomplish it. Many people were decidedly opposed to it, and considered their moral sensibilities sadly outraged by the innovation. So much had this feeling taken hold of them that regard for their prejudices led the proprietor to date his paper "Saturday at midnight" instead of Sunday as is now done. These good folk being unposted regarding, the ins and outs of printing-offices, did not know that the work on Monday morning papers was and is principally done in the twelve hours succeeding Sunday at noon, while that on the Leader was almost wholly accomplished before the bells had done sounding the departure of the last day of the week. The fact became gradually understood in the community, and the opposition in time thinned down to such an extent that it is now barely perceptible; indeed, the necessity of a Sunday paper has now become admitted by all classes, as the increased circulation of the Leader now larg er than any secular paper in the State, outside of Philadelphia amply testifies. Yet it will hardly be believed that less than seven years ago the newsboys always made arrangements to dispose of their stock before the church-bells announced the turning out on the streets of the straight-laced portion of the population. The early issues were attended with anything but encouragement to the indefatigable proprietor; but assiduous labor, methodically applied, in time though not without disheartening struggles-overcame all obstacles. The receipts of the office for the first number were forty-five dollars, and the expenditures two hundred and sixteen dollars, while the second brought an income of only eight dollars and forty-three cents, with an unreduced outlay. This is a fair sample of the difficulties and trials which the Leader's infancy entailed on its projector. As years passed, however, it have evidence of a healthy bringing-up, and grew steadily and sturdily in the affections of its readers until finally it was able not only to stand alone, but to kick vigorously and effectively against the abuses of the day. The success of the Leader was not attained without creating rivalry from time to time, but none of the several Sunday papers which endeavored to build on the solid foundation discovered by the Leader had more than an ephemeral existence. The Republic's penny dip flickered finally into utter darkness; the Dispatch's gas was of an inferior quality, and, after having shed its dingy rays for a short season, was shut off suddenly and without warning; the World succumbed before it was generallly known that such a sheet was being issued; the Mirror", sickening of its prospects, changed its day to Saturday, and subsequently to Thursday; while the latest venture -the Ca11 was finally ushered into that state where its predecessors led the way through the medium of the sheriff's officers. And so the Leader now stands alone in the much-tried field, made stronger by opposition ancl with sinews toughening every day wh-erewithl to meet the fauttre. In May, 1870, after all examination of the fastest printing machines in the country, it was concluded to contract for a Bullock press. Although the price of the style necessary to get the Leader impressions off in good time was twenty -two thousand dollars, the. proprietor was compelled by the large and increasing circulation of the paper to order, and the builders promptly delivered it in the following August. He thus had the satisfaction of being the first to introduce the beautiful art of stereotyping in the West. His foresight in so doing has been proved beyond cavil by his example having since been followed by several of the leading papers in the most populous and go-ahead cities in the country, and even here, where the usefulness of stereotyping had been before comparatively unknown, his action in setting before the people the convenience and economy with which it could be adapted has given a wonderful impetus to the business. Few business men, indeed, there are now who have not called into requisition the art, to a greater or less extent, to facilitate their advertising. While this latter improvement was being consummated the firm was changed from "John W. Pittock" to Pittock, Nevin Co., by the admission of Robert P. Nevin, John T. Nevin, and E. H. Nevin, Jr. The first issue under the new management was on the 31 st of July, 1870, since when the new partnership has continued, although the style of firm has since been changed to the " LEADER PUBLISHING COMPANY, composed of the same proprietors, and under its auspices the Sunday Leader has kept on its course upward and onward, until now it is admitted by common consent to be the most influential journal in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio, published in this neighborhood. THE EVENING LEADER. The first number of the Evening Leader was placed before the public for their approval October 18, 1870. A want long felt and admitted was the necessity for an evening paper which should be at once full of life and a spirit of independence; and with the determination of giving the people a journal that would combine these qualities in their most attractive form, Messrs. Pittock, Nevin Co. founded the Leader. The result realized all their anticipations to the utmost. The new paper went off like wild-fire, and among all classes of the population it was received from the start with an enthusiasm which surprised the staid, old-fashioned newspaper men in the city. This rush was not merely the evanescent curiosity usually displayed on the issue of a new paper, but continued to increase in extent until the present writing, when it has advanced the Evening Leader far beyond its contemporaries, both in shaping the course of local, and indirectly State and National affairs, but as an advertising medium which the business public has not been slow to appreciate. That quality so essential to the enterprising newspaper of the present day spiciness-has been maintained in its columns with unabated vigor, and will continue to be the leading feature in its management. One of the specialties from its inception has been those pointed gems of brilliancy published under the headings of " Personals" and " All Sorts." These have been immensely popular, and in consequence have met with many vain attempts at imitation in the columns of numerous home papers, under the name of " Brevities," etc. It is hardly necessary to state how signal a failure has been made in this; a glance at them will be convincing to any doubters, should there be such, that the Leader is very far ahead of its rivals in that, as it is in other details, in giving the daily history of the world. The position it deserved, and has been assign ed by the reading public, is indicated by its upward progress since its birth. This has been the result of its independent and fearless treatment of every public person or subject that has been brought into notice, coupled with a sincerity and truthfulness in all it says, which none will deny. THE DOLLAR WEEKLY LEADER. The Dollar Weekly Leader contains a full history of the events of every week, with market reports very carefully compiled and strictly reliable, and which alone cannot fail to repay the reader tenfold the price of his subscription. It is the neatest, liveliest weekly sheet published in the State, and will always be found full to overflowing of such interesting news as will keep its subscribers thoroughly posted in everything of importance that is going on in the world. THE PITTSBURGH FREIHEITS FREUND. The Pittsburgh Freiheits Freund was founded in the year 1834, in Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, by Mr. Henry Ruby. Mr. Victor Scriba was the first editor. It was issued weekly, the subscription price being one dollar and fifty cents per annum. In 1835, Mr. Scriba purchased Mr. Ruby's interest, and became sole proprietor and editor. In 1836 the present proprietors, Louis and William Neeb, who were then boys, became apprentices in the office, where they learned the business of newspaper and book and job printing. Upon the invitation of a number of the most prominent and influential German citizens of Pittsburgh, Mr. Scriba concluded, in 1837 to remove his establishment to the latter city, and issue the Freiheits Freund there. All the office material and hand-presses, by which maeans the paper wasIts files really contain the history of Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and Western Pennsylvania, in short, of the whole country west of the Allegheny Mountains, since this portion of the country has had practical communications with the Atlantic seaboard; first by turnpikes, then by canal, and finally by railroads and telegraph. EVENING TELEGRAPH. The Evening Telgraph was projected by a number of manufacturers, business and professional men, during the political campaign of 1872, but the paper did not make its appearance until April 16, 1873 Its original size was thirty-four by forty-six inches, four pages, which was changed to a quarto, and, in 1876, was again changed to a folio of thirty-two columns. The company was orgranized under the title of " The Pittsburgh Evening Teleraph Publishing Company," and H. B. Swoope, United States District Attorney, was the first President and editor, John C. Harper the managing editor, and Thomas MacConnell, Jr., the business manager. Politically, the paper was, and is, independent Republican, having no affiliation with cliques or factions. Always an advocate of Republican principles, it exercises the right of criticising as they deserve the acts of Republican officials, and the character of the party nominations. It is not a personal organ, and therefore is bold and outspoken in its utterances regarding all forms of political corruption. It is an advocate for true reform, independent of partisan promises on the subject. From the date of its first appearance the Telegraph became a popular journal, and grew rapidly in circulation and business patronage, until, at the present writing, its publishers claim for it a circulation unexcelled in quality, and only exceeded in quantity by one morning paper. It is pure in tone, and will not admit to its columns lottery or quack medicine advertisements. It is, in brief, recognized as the business and professional man's family paper. The Telegraph Company is governed by a Board of Managers, of which Charles W.B. Batchelor is President, and Ralph Bagaley Secretary and Treasurer. John C. Harper is editor, and is assistecl by a competent editorial and reportorial staff. Thomas MacConnell, Jr., is Manager, and has charge of the financial and mechanical departments. Terms: single subscriptions, per annum, nine dollars, including postage; single copies, three cents; delivered by carriers in the city at fifteen cents per week. The weekly Telegraph is a quarto sheet and contains very little advertising, the object being to give subscribers a first-class family paper, replete with the latest news and choicest miscellany. Terms: single copy, one dollar and fifty cents per year. THE SUNDAY GLOBE. This is the only illustrated Sunday paper in the city, and has a clean, fresh appearance. It is a thirty-two-column sheet, independent in politics, and devoted to local affairs to a great extent. The first number was issued June 4, 1876, and its increasing, patronage and, tasty appearance combine to make it a favorite and paying journal. J. W. Breen, Esq., is the editor and proprietor. The office is in Mellon's building, 116 Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh. The circulation is large, and mainly in Allegheny and adjoining counties. THE SUNDAY CRITIC is published at 94 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, by the Critic Publishing Company. Is a forty-eight-column paper, and is also a comparatively new one, as its publication was only begun early in 1875. It ignores politics, and bases all its efforts on the spirit of reformation. It has an extensive circulation in Allegheny and the neigbboring counties. It presents a neat appearance to the reader, and among a like class of newspapers its efforts will undoubtedly be successful, and its management followed by continued prosperity. Y WASG. This is said to be the only Welsh paper published west of the Allegheny Mountains, and, such being the case, it has a clear field for a wide-spread circulation, and must be a source of profit to its publishers. It is Republican in politics,and published weekly in Mellon's building, 116 Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh. Operated by a joint stock company, of which Jacob Reese, of the firm of Reese, Graff Woods, is President, and J. W. Davis, Esq., internal, revenue collector, Secretary and Treasurer. This journal was established May 3, 1873, and in the three years of its existence has built up a large business, circulating mainly in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Ohio, although large numbers are sent to Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, New York, etc. It is an ably managed newspaper, and the support it receives from so great a scope of country tells to show its popularity among the class it is designed to benefit. Its name, " Y Wasq," is identical with the English " The Press." It has a smooth, clean appearance, and, by judicious management, must continue to be in the front rank of newspapers of its class.. printed in those days, were packed upon wagons and transported across the mountains, the office employees all following the establishment. The office was at first located on the corner of Lacock Street (not then opened) and the Pennsylvania Canal, in Allegheny City, from which place the paper was issued until 1839, though it was always dated from Pittsburgh as the place of publication. In 1839 the office was removed to a new building, on the corner of Chestnut and Main Streets, Allegheny, but the paper was still dated from Pittsburgh. In the year 1844, Mr. Scriba commenced the issue of a tri-weekly Freiheits Freund, in addition to the weekly, and continued its publication until 1847, when the tri-weekly merged into a daily. The subscription price of the daily was ten cents per week. In 1848, Mr. Louis Neeb entered into partnership with Mr. Scriba, and on the first of July, 1850, Mr. William Neeb purchased Mr. Scriba's interest. The firm name then became L. and W. Neeb, publishers of the Daily a nd Weekly Freiheits Freund. The office was removed from Allegheny to Pittsburgh in 1851, and located on the corner of St. Clair (now Sixth) and Liberty Streets. In 1852 the proprietors, feeling that a ten-cent paper was somewhat too high-priced, concluded to try an experiment, by which they sought to increase their circulation, and at the same time give the Germans the latest news at a minimum price. The size of the Daily was reduced, and the subscription fixed at one cent per paper. The latest telegraphic and local news was furnished in condensed and concise form. The experiment was a success, and in a short time a comparatively large circulation was obtained. As an instance of the manner in which news was quickly circulated by the Freiheits Freund, the following incident is given: About daylight, one morning, a large block of buildings, situated on the Canal (now Eleventh Street), between Penn and Liberty Streets, took fire and burned down. The forms of the Freiheits Freund were just going to press when the fire broke out. They were hurriedly opened, a concise report was set up, and the paper printed. While the people of Allegheny and the South Side were wondering where the fire was (the smoke being terrible, owing to the flour, produce, etc., stored in the buildings), the carriers of the Freiheits Freund brought their subscribers in those places their papers, and, behold, they learned where and what the fire was while it was still burning. The Freiheits Freund was the only paper which contained an account of the fire until the evening papers were issued. This gave it a great reputation for enterprise, and as its publishers continued to furnish the freshest news, its reputation spread rapidly, opposition dwindled away, and soon the Freiheits Freund had, practically, a clear field. Heretofore the Freiheits Freund had been neutral in politics, but in the Fremont campaign of 1856 the proprietors took a firm stand on the side of Fremont and the young, Republican party, to which course it has adhered and given its hearty support ever since. The success of the paper in securing a large circulation had the natural effect of attracting advertisements (a desirable thing for every newspaper), and from time to time the paper had to be enlarged, until it grew to such a size that one cent per copy would hardly pay for the blank paper upon which it was prirted, to say nothing of the cost of printing, carriers' fees, etc. These expenses were more than made up, however, by the increased advertising patronage and the increased price charged therefor, in some measure commensurate with the circulation. In 1861, however, when the war of the Rebellion broke out, the price of paper becoming very high, the subscription price of the daily was raised from one cent per copy to two cents, and ten cents per week to regular subscribers. The weekly, which had become a solid institution as to the number and character of its subscribers, had been furnished to its patrons ever since it was founded at one dollar and fifty cents per annum; but in 1866 it was enlarged, and the price increased to two dollars per annum. To-day the subscription list of the daily is second only to one paper in the city of Pittsburgh, and it has come to be rearded by every German family as necessary as a regular meal. The proprietors of the Freiheits Freund in the spring of the present year (1876) purchased a finely located lot in the centre of the business portion of the city, on Smithfield Street, near Sixth Avenue, where a large and commodious printing establishment is to be erected, which will be the future home of a paper the history of which extends over the most eventful part of this county's existence. All the great inventions and enterprises, such as the first telegraph, the building, of a canal through Pennsylvania, the construction of the first railroad over the Allegheny Mountains, at first declared impossibilities and the dreams of visionaries and lunatics by the outside world, and many other matters of equal importance, have been duly chronicled in its columns, and their practicability commented upon in its editorials. The Freiheits Freund has outlived a large number of rivals and contemporaries, both those published in English as well as German, and to-day it stands high in the list of prominent and influential German newspapers in the United States. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 130THE ALLEGHENY EVENING MAIL. On the 23d day of. June, 1873, the Mail was transferred from Pittsburgh to Allegheny, where it was published by W. J. Kunz until the organization of the Mail Publishing Company. This was effected October 21, 1873, under a very liberal charter, granted by the Pennsylvania Legislature, June 13, 1873. It is a stock company, whose business is managed and controlled by regular officers, chosen according to the provisions of its charter. The corporate officers are as follows: W. W. Martin, President; W. D. Spiking Treasurer; J. F. Livingston, Secretary together with a Board of five Directors. The Mail, since its advent in Allegheny, has received very liberal encouragement its circulation having been largely increased, and its permanent success assured on a solid basis. It- is the recognized organ of the prosperous city of Allegheny, and it is now a welcome visitor in the homes and business places of nearly every inhabitant on the north side of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers. Repeated attempts have heretofore been made to establish a newspaper in Allegheny, but in every instance the enterprise has proved a failure. The Mail however, is now considered an established institution and bids fair to become one of the most influential newspers in Western Pennsylvania The success of the Mail is largely due to Com. W. J. Kountz, whose capital, energy, and splendid executive qualities; have mainly contributed to its permanence and- prosperity. The paper is edited with care and ability,. and is a true reflex of the news of the world, and especially of -the intelligence and enlightened progress. of the cultivated community in. which it is published. It is fearless and outspoken in the advocacy of the right, and unsparing in its exposure and denunciation of corruption and wrong doing. The Mail is the official paper of the city and the only daily paper published in the Twenty-third Congressional District. It is an indepentdent Republican journal. Mr. John B. Kennedy is the present able editor. BANKING INTERESTS. The city of Pittsburgh is necessarily a great money centre. The manufacturing interests of the city and County require a capital probably exceeding one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000). The general commercial and railway interests also represent immense accumulations; and, taken altogetber, the aggregate of capital actually employed at this point is scarcely paralleled in any community of equal population in the United States. According to the new City Directory, there are eighty-seven (87) banking institutions including the Safe Deposit Company, in the cities of Pi ttsburgh and Allegheny of which seventy-one (71) are in Pittsburgh and sixteen (16) in Allegheny. Of these, twenty-seven (27) are national banks, six: (6) private banks and the remainder organized under the State laws. Three of these institutions have each a capital of one million dollars or upwards. The aggregate capital of all the banks is very large, but we have not the data for the precise amount. The Pittsburgh Clearing-House Association includes sixteen national banks, the Bank of Pittsburgh, and the private banking-house of N. Holmes' Sons. The aggregate capital of these eighteen banks is over ten million dollars ($10,000,000). The first bank established in Pittsburgh was a branch of the Bank of Pennsylvania, opened January 1, 1804, in a stone building on the east side of Second Street. We make brief mention of a few of the leading institutions in this branch of business as follows, commencing with the BANK OF PITTSBURGH. This is the- oldest banking institution west of the mountains, having been orgaized in 1810, under the title of the Pittsburgh Manufacturing Company. It commenced business. in 1812. It was incorporated and chartered in 1814 as the Bank of Pittsburgh, which name.it has ever since retained. Its first officers were Hon. Wm. Wilkins, President, and Alexander Johnston, Jr., Cashier. (Mr. Wilkins was a prominent man in his day, having been United States Senator, Secretary of War in President Tyler's cabinet, and at one.time Minister to Russia.) The original capital was nominally six hundred thousand dollars ($60,000), but it was only partially.paid in. In 1834 it was increased to'$1,200,000. The bank was first located on the corner of Market and Third Streets. It was removed to its present site, in 1835. The presidents chronologically succeeding each other since Mr. Wilkins have been John' Darragh, John McDonald, Wm. H. Denny, John Graham, and the present incumbent, Mr. John Harper. The cashiers succeeding Mr. Johnston HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 131 have been John Snyder, John Harper, and William Roseburgh, in the order' named. This bank always paid specie upon its circulation and deposits, with the possible exceptions of short intervals during the war of 1812, and in the great revulsion of 1837; but these were of short duration, and it speedily redeemed all its obligations. Through the war of the Rebellion it paid all liabilities in coin, no matter what the gold premium may have been. During the war it actually paid out in gold over $1,300,000. It has divided in one hundred and twenty-two dividends $4,500,000. The institution has never failed in making dividends during sixtythree years. The average annual dividends have been 8.44 per cent. The Bank of Pittsburgh building is one of the landmarks of the city. It was. destroyed in the memorable fire of 1845, but its:vault's and, contents were saved uninjured. The present structure is in the Grecian-Ionic order of architecture and presents a commanding appearance, even among the more costly and pretentious modern structures..It is an institution of which. the citizens may justly be proud Mr. Harper was the first principal clerk of the bank in 1832. As clerk, cashier, and president,'he has been steadily connected with it for forty-four yea rs. During the period between April 22, 1861, and June 12, 1864, this bank loaned the United States Government the sum of $815,000. It was also a subscriber to the Pennsylvania war loan to the amount of $90,000, and, in addition, its total donations during the war in aid of volunteers and sanitary and subsistence committees amounted to $16,280.'-. Supplemental to:the above sketch of the Bank of Pittsburgh, it is proper to state that the president and directors Presented a strong memorial, drawn up by Hon. William Wilkins, to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, praying for the issue of a charter, in the early part of tbe'year 1810. The memorial included an elaborate. statement of the reasons why a reliable banking institution was one of the necessities of this locality, setting forth the manufacturing and other interests of Pittsburgh and the surrounding region and closed by making several exceedingly liberal propositions, to be carried out in case the charter was granted, to wit; To transfer -to the State the sum of $40,000 in capital stock; or, to subscribe $20,000 each to the. two bridges then in contemplation over the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, and also $20,000 towards the great State Road, or, to grant the suni of $45,000 to be appropriated towards such public improvements as the Legislature might devise.' The charter. was not issued, and the company went into: operation as the "Pittsburgh Manufacturing Company, in 1812. The charter was finally issued in 1814. In consequence of the failure to obtain a charter, the bridges mentioned were not built until 1818 and 1820. TIIE DOLLAR SAVINGS BANK. This old and reliable institution is one of the heaviest in the State,and was incorporated April 27 1855, as the "Provident Savings Bank." This name was afterwards changed' to the present one.' The first officers were George Albree, President, and Charles A. Colton, Treasurer. It was first located on Fourth Avenue, but removed to'its present location, 124, same avenue, in 1871. There are only two or three banks in the State having larger assets than this, the total on the lst of June, 1876, being about $4,950,000. The amoutnt due depositors at that date was $4,570,895.37. Dividend, same date, $120,724.97. Contingent fund, $151,006.90. Total liabilities, $4,842,627.24. The number of depositors June 1, 1876, was 10,387, averaging $451.68 each. The present officers are: James Hedman, President; Vice-Presidents, George Albree, Hill Burgwin, B. L. Fahnestock, Richard Hays, J. B. D. Meeds, Isaac M. Pennock, A.M. Pollock, M.D. Robert Robb, John H. Shoenberger, James Shidle, Alexander Speer, Christian Yeager; Treasurer, Charles A. Colton; Secretary, James B. D. Meeds. The magnificent front of this institution has few.equals in the, United States. (See sketch.) EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK. This institution was originally chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, as the Exchange Bank -of Pittsburgh, with a capital of one Million dollars ($1,000,000). The first meeting of the Board of Directors was held May 18, 1836. The bank was soon afterwards in full operation, with Board and officers as follows: - Board of Directors. William Robinson, Jr., Sylvanus Lothrop, James E. Leslie, George Wallace. Tobias Myers, Benjamin A. Fahnestock, Samuel P. Darlington, John Grier, John Freeman, William G. Alexander, James W. Brown, Samuel Baird, Harvey Childs. It commented business in a small stone building on the north side of Second Street, between Market and Ferry Streets, but soon removed to its new bankingHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 132 house on Fifth Sreet, near Wood, where it transacted business for about thirty six years. In 1873, this building gave place to a more modern structure, and on the lst of June, 1874, the bank moved into it (its present quarters). For the greater part of the thirty-six years above mentioned, the bank was ably officered by Thomas M. Howe, James B. Murray, and Henry M. Murray, as cashiers, successively; and by Thomas M. Howe and James B. Murray, subsequently, as presiding officers. The institution became a National Bank April 28, 1865, and is now known as the Exchange National Bank of Pittsburgh. January 22, 1866, a dividend of $500,000, in stock, was made out of its surplus earnings; making its paid-up capital $1,500,000; and in the latter part of 1866 new stock was sold to the' am ount of $200,000, making its present capital $1'700 000. Including deposits, circulation, surplus fund, etc., the bank does business on about $41,000 000. The bank is well established, has always been successfully managed, and is closely identified with the business and prosperity of the city. For a better idea of the beautiful and substantial edifice occupied by this bank, we refer the reader to the sketch elsewhere. The present officers are as follows: President, John H. Shoenberger; VicePresident, David McCandless; Cashier, Andrew Long. Present Board of Directors. John H. Shoenberger, David McCandless, Mark W. Watson, Thomas M. Howe, Benjamin Bakewell, Jr., William Means, Frank S. Bissell, John H. Dalzell, Calvin Wells, Campbell B. Herron, James P. Hanna, June 22, 1 876. MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK. This institution was incorporated in 1833, with a capital of $600,000. The first officers were, Michael Tiernan, President, and James Corry, Cashier. It was at first temporarily located on Second Street, now Second Avenue. It was incorporated as a National Bank November 22, 1864, and its capital raised to $800,000 in 1865. The presidents succeeding Mr. Tiernan have been Thomas Scott, April, 1845; H. L. Bollman, November,. 1857; R. H., Hartley, January, 1873; and William Rea, the present incumbent. The cashiers have been J. Carothers, W. H. Denny, John Scott Jr., and W. A. Shaw. The present magnificent building was occupied in April, 1870. (See sketch in this work.) The bank has $146,000 invested in lot and building. The average deposits are $900,000; circulation, $360 000; total dividends since commencing business, $2,605,000 surplus fund, $280,000. This is one of the solid institutions of the city, and is, next after the Bank of Pittsburgh, the oldest bank in the city. CITIZENS' NATIONAL BANK. This bank was first organized as "The Citizens' Savings Bank,"' in 1851. Its officers were William Dawson, President, and James Cooper, Treasurer, afterwards succeeded by Samuel McClurkan. It was incorporated as the Citizens' National Bank, in 1865, with a capital of $500,000. Its officers were 0. P. Blackburn, President, and E. D. Jones, Cashier. These were succeeded by Francis Sellers, President, and George T. Van Dohren, Cashier. In 1867, the capital was increased to $800,000. Mr. Sellers resigned the office of president in 1865, and was succeeded by George A. Berry, who is the present incumbent. Mr. B. L. Fahnestock is Vice-President, and Mr. R. K. Wilson Cashier. Th e present circulation of the Bank is $462 600. Its deposits average about $700,000. Its surplus fund amounts to $165,000. Amount invested in building and lot, $33,000. The dividends are made semi-annually, and have averaged about five per cent. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. Incorporated in August, 1863, with a capital of $500,000. In January, 1875, the capital was increased to $750,000, the present amount. The first officers were James Laughlin, President, John D. Scully, Cashier, Charles E. Speer, Assistant Cashier. These gentlemen are also the present officers. The fine building occupied by the bank was erected in 1870-7l, and was occupied for business in April, 1871. The value of building and lot is about $137,000. The building is a very fine one, and beautifully finished throughout in variegated marble. The present circulation is $90,000. It has the largest deposits of any National Bank in the city, the amount averaging for the past five years $1,900,000. It is altogether one of the solid institutions of Pittsburgh. See sketch of the building in this work. THIRD NATIONAL BANK. This institution was incorporated in 1864, with a capital of $300,000, which was increased in 1865, to $500,000. The first officers were: Adam Reineman, President, John B. Livingstone, Cashier. - The present officers are: William E. Schmertz, President, and William Steinmeyer, Cashier. It was temporarily located on the corner opposite its present site. The building now occupied is a fine one, and with the lot, is valued at $50,000. The circulation is $364,000. The surplus fund is $145,000. The average deposits are about $700,000. GERMAN NATIONAL BANK. This institution was organized as the German Trust and Savings Bank about 1860, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Its first officers were Augustus Hoeveler, President, and John Stewart, Cashier. It was incorporated as the German National Bank in 1865, with a capital of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The circulation is two hundned and twenty-five thousand. dollars. The average deposits for the whole time it has been doing business have been about six hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Its present deposits amount to one million and forty thous and dollars. It has about sixty thousand dollars. invested in lot and building on the corner of Wood Street and Sixth Avenue. The bank has a surplus or contingent fund of one hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars. Dividends since the organization of the National Bank have been three hundred and forty-five thousand dollars. The total dividends since first organization have been three hundred and eighty-eight thousand dollars. The first officers of the National Bank were Augustus Hoeveler, President, and George A. Endley. Cashier. Its present officers are A. Groetzinger, President, and J. Laurent, Cashier. MASONIC DEPOSIT SAVING BANK. This bank was incorporated in May, 1869, with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars, and the privilege of increasing to five hundred thousand. The first officers under the original incorporation act were C. W. Batchelor, President, George C. McLean, Cashier; and these gentlemen still fill the same positions. The average deposits of this institution are about four hundred thousand dollars. Its surplus fund is twenty-two thousand dollars. The amount invested in building and lot is fifty thousand dollars. Average annual dividends between four and five per cent. REAL ESTATE SAVINGS BANK. This is next to the oldest savings bank in the city, having been incorporated in 1862. Isaac Jones was the first president, and fills the office at the present time. The average deposits are about six hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Its surplus fund amounts to ninety thousand five hundred dollars. Its aggregate interest, dividends, and deposits are three hundred and ninety-six thousand three hundred and twenty-two dollars and thirty-one cents. A. A. Carrier was the first cashier, a position which he held for nine years. George A. Holtzman, the present cashier, has held the office for five years. The total assets and liabilities of the bank on the 1st of May, 1876, were seven hundred and thirty-one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven dollars and eighty-five cents. It is located on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Smithfield Street. GERMANIA SAVINGS BANK. This bank was incorporated in April, 1870, and commenced business June 13 of the same year, with a capital of $150,000. The first officers were Charles Meyran, President; C. M. Seibert, Secretary and Treasurer. The present fine building occupied by the bank was erected in 1873, at a cost (building and lot) of $200,000. The building was occupied in May, 1874. (See sketch.) The average deposits are about $600,000. This was the latest established savings bank in the city, but its business is increasinng rapidly, and it will no doubt soon take ranlc among the best and heaviest institutions. Its total assets January 1, 1875, the latest statement we have, were $702,118.62. The present officers are Charles Meyran, President; Joseph Abel, Vice-President; and C. M. Seibert, Secretary and Treasurer. The directors are Adam Reinieman, John M. Kennedy, A. Steinmeyer, C. Meyran, G. Schleiter, J. F. Havekotte, J. Morganstern, Joseph Abel, and Charles F. Schwarz. It is located corner of Wood Street and Diamond Alley. THE SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. This is the only institution of the kind in the city, and was incorporated June 24, 1867. It commenced transacting business September 1, 1869. It was chartered by a special act of the Legislature, for the safe keeping of valuables under guarantee, and for the renting of safes in fire-proof vaults to private parties. The building is one of the finest in the city (see accompanyirig sketch), and was erectedThe Fourth National Bank is unconnected with the Association; capit-al, $300,000. All other bank-s and bankers clear through some member of the Association. The business of the Clearing-House for the last week in May was $5,059,433.29; for the first week in June, $5 592,828.41. Pr~esident.-John Harper. Jlanager. John Stewart, Ewxecutive Committee,-John D. Scully, George A. Berry, W. McCandless, S. George, Jr., and Andrew Long..HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH. Erom, the Repo? t oj Joseph Albr~ee, E sq., Pi esident of the''Association, pr-inted ia the Twenty-second Annual Report, for the year 1869. " The first record we have of our association is a paper dated July 13, 1847, signed by twenty-three persons (eight of whom have since died), stating the advantages of a public library and reading-room, and'ple(.lying themselves, each to the othei, to exei-t themselvesfor the promotion ancfJinal success of theii- object.' " The first meeting of those interested was held on July 20, 1847, at which a' committee of three was appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws; also a. committee to secure appropriate rooms. " The second imeeting was held on July 29, 1847, at which the following persons were elected to serve as officers until the ensuing January: P r~esiclent. Samuel M. Wickeirslam. " Vice-President.-John Finney, Jr. - " Secretcay.-Robert Finney. " Teasurer. Williani P. Townsend. " Dir ector s.-John R. Hlersh, David Holmes, Jacob Weaver, Charles H. G#rant, W. K. Ninick. X zAuditors.-John S. Cosgrave, William M. Hersh, N. Holmes, Jr. " On the 5th of August, the committee previously appointed presented to the Board a constitution with by-laws, which were accepted, and which, with slight modifications, govern our action to-day. " Soon after the organization the Board rented rooms in the second story of a building on Market Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, which were used until the summer of the succeeding year, when the library was removed to a. larger room, at No. 64 Fourth Street, between Market and Wood Streets. This room was our home until April, 1861, when we removed to the pleasant place, which we now occupy. " During the year 1849 our association was chartered by the Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania. In the years 1857 and 1858, notwithstanding the active efforts of earnest friends, the association was not able to meet its current expenses; but, by the efficiency of its officers and the liberal pecuniary aid extended by those who had faith in its noble mission, it passed safely through the severe struggle, and was placed on a secure foundation. To Messrs. James McAuley, George W. Jackson, Alexander Gordon, William M. Hersh, and others of whose names we can find no record, this association is indebted for money and service fieely given at a time when both were essential to its life. " In this connection we would also make special mention of William H. Kincaid, Esq., who faithfully performed the laborious duties of secretary for twelve years, and whose activity as a member of the Lecture Committee helped to make our lecture system a permanent source of revenue. " The lectures which have proved so instructiveto the community and profitable to the association were inaugurated by R. W. Emerson, in March, 1851. Since that time a ffill course has been presented during each winter. "c Some years ago (the exact date we are unable to find) the library of the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania was placed in our hands. In this library were many volumes of great value, but the collection was not complete. Many books which the historian desired to consult were out of print, and could be purchased only at a price beyond our means.~ Volumes that gave facts and incidents coiinected with tl-ie stru-gles of the pioneers with the Indians and the French the events which have made Western Pennsylvania classic groundcannot be found on our shelves. One of the meinbers of the Historical Society (Major William Wade) had given to the Society over one hundred voltimes, many of them of rare historical value. Such books are of inestimable worth to a public library; and it is to be hoped that those who have books, pampllets, or manuscripts in their possession, relatin(g to the early history of OUL State, will follow the excellent example of placing them where they will be accessible to al]l, so that the children may have fnLll record of what the fathers have suffered and accomplished." *i *I * X,c * 8.g,,... -.f,: *:, especially for a strictly fire7proof buildin,. The walls are extremely solid and substantial, and the floors are of stone, tile, or iron, or two of these combined. The counters and wainscoting are beautifully finished in marble, and there are accommodations for over three thousand safes in the vaults. Furniture, books, pictures, and valuables are stored in large, convenient rooms, in the back part of the building, and all at very low and accommodating rates. Altooether it is one of the finest and best buildings in Pittsburgh, and well calculated for the specialties it was intended for. The present officers are Abraham Garrison, President; Edward Gregg, Vice-President; and William Little, Secretary and Treasurer. The directors are A. Garrison, William Rea, William M. Lyon, Jas. I. Bennett, A. E. W. Painter, Joseph S. Morriso-n, James A. Hutchinson, Edward Gregg, and John Scott. Located at 83 Fourth Avenue. IRON CITY NATIONAL BANK. The Iron City Bank was organized under the State banking law, August'27, 1857, with a capital of $400,000. James McAuley was the first President, and John Magoffin the first Cashier. The present location, 74 Fourth Avenue, was first occupied in 1858. It was organized and incorporated as a national bank January 1, 1865. Mr. McAuley died January 9, 1871, and was succeeded by Mr. John Magoffin, as President, July 12, 1871. The average deposits of this bank are about $700,000. The circulation is $360,000. Surplus fund, $320,000. Its total dividends have been $815,000. The amount invested in lot and building is $20,000. The present officers are Richard Hays, President, and George R. Duncan, Cashier. PEOPLE S NATIONAL BANK. The People's National Bank was incorporated in 1865, with a capital of one million dollars ($1,000,000). The first officers were Samuel Rea, President,'and F. M. Gordon, Cashier. The bank was at first located on the corner of Wood Street and F'irst Avenue. The fine building now occupied by it, at 79 Wood Street, was erected in 1868-69. The amount invested in building and lot is $93,000. It is a very fine edifice, solid and substantial, and elegantly finished and furnished. The averag,e deposits of this institution are about $600,000, and it has a surplus fund of $150,000. The present officers are Barclay Preston, President; J. W. Chal[fant, Vice-President, and F. M. Gordon, Cashier. PRIVATE BANKS. The private banking-house of N. Hlolmes Son dates back to 1822, about which time Mr. Nathaniel Holmes started the original institution on Market Street. Afterwards a son was taken into partnership, and the firm changed to N. Holmes Son. The old gentleman died about 1849. The second Nathaniel Holmes died in 1866, leaving three sons, all of whom are in the banking business, the youngest (Nathaniel) beingc about coming of age. The present firm consists of John G. and W. R. Holmes, John H. Ebbert, and James J. Donnell, with the youngest, Nathaniel Holmes, soon to be admitted to the firm. This is one of the oldest established business firms in the city, well known, and reliable. ALLEGHENY NATIONAL BANK. This bank was incorporated in 1857 as the Allegheny Bank. It was changed in 1865 to the Allegheny National Bank. Its capital is $500,000, with the privilege of increasin-g to $1,000,000. Its first officers were H. Hepburn, President, and J. W. Cook, Cashier. It was originally located on Federal Street, Allegheny City, but was removed, by act of Asseinbly, to Pittsburgh, and temporarily located on Wood Street for a few months during the erecetion of the building, it at present occupies, at Nv. 45 Fifth Avenue. It was established there in 1860. The building is a very fine one, and with the lot is valued at $100,000. The present circulation is $437,500. The average amount of deposits is about $900,000. The total anount of dividends since it comnlenced business have been $875,000..Its contingent or surplus fund amounts to $160,0,00. The present officers are J. W. Cook, President, and Mr. McCandless, Cashier. MEM1BERS OF PITTSBURGH CLEARING-HOUSE ASSOCIATION. No. - Name.; Capital. 1. Bank of Pittsburgh....................................................... $1,163,150 2. Excbhange National Bank........................................,,700,000 -3. Merchants' and Manufacturers' National Bank..................... 800,000 4. Cifizen8'National Bank................................................ 800,000 5. Iron City National Bank...........,,......,, 400,00 6. Mechanics' National B5nk.,,,, 5................................. 400,000 6. Allecheni National Bank.......................................... 500,000.7. Allerenv Ntio nat l Bank..................................~........... 500,000~~ isooo 8. First National Bank........................................l 750,000 9. Secod National Bank................... Secocl.tinaU Ba......3 00,000 II. Farmes' Depost Nations B,znk...........,........................ 0,0 10. Thirc Nationa~tl Bank............................................;.... ~~~~~~ 500,000 11. Farmers' Deposit Na,tional B3ank,..,...,................. 300,000 12. Union National Bank..........................., -.....,,,... 250,000 14. Gerwan National Banlk............................ 250,000 15. XFirst Natio nal 1i ank of Alleheny City........................... 350,000 16. Pittsburofh National Bank of Coinmerce....................... 5()0,000 M1. N. Holiiles Son....................................................... -18. Tradesmen's NationalSBnnk k...........-.....;.................i........,400,000 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1:3t3Salle himself was at the brink of death. When he recovered he learned that the ship containing his supplies had been taken by the Spaniards. But the Chevalier bestirred himself and procured new supplies, and on the 20th of November the first of the fleet set sail for Louisiana, bearing La Salle and Joutel, the historian of the voyage. For a month they were knocking about in the gulf, and when they finally approached the main land they found they had missed the river altogether. Getting out of patience, La Salle determined to land some of his men and search along the shore for the river. Joutel was sent out with this party, which left on the 4th of February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to a great stream which they could not cross. Here they made signals by building great fires, and on the 13th two of,the vessels came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels were anchored under shelter. But again misfortune overtook La Salle, and the vessel which carried his provisions was wrecked by negligence, or purposely, and the bulk of the supplies was lost. At this juncture M. de Beaujeu, his second in command, set sail and returned to France. La Salle now constructed a rude shelter from the timbers of his wrecked vessel, placed his people inside of it, and set out to explore the surrounding, country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of course, disappointed but found on a stream which he named the Vaches, a good site for a fort. He at once removed his camp, and, after ineredible exertions, constructed a fortification sufficient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated on Matagorda Bay, within the present limits of Texas, and was called by La Salle Fort St. Louis. Leaving Joutel to complete the work with' one hundred men, La Salle, took the remaincler of the company and embarked on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he could. The savages soon became troublesome, and on the 14th of July La Salle ordered Jou tel to join him with his whole force. They had already lost several of their best men, and dangers threatened them on every side. It would seem from the historian's account of the expedition that La Salle began to erect another fort, and also that he became morose and severe in his discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only for the purpose of making further discoveries, Joutel leaves in doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th day of January, l687, with a company of about a dozen men, including his brother, two nephews, Father Anastasius, a Franciscan friar, Joutel, and others, and moved northeastward, as is supposed, until the 17th of March, when some of his men, who had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his nephews and two of his servants. This terrible deed occurred on the 20th of March, 1687, on a stream called the Cenis. The murderers quarreled among themselves and several of them were killed, and the whole expedition was eventually cut to pieces and dispersed by the Savages a few being taken prisoners and returned to their friends through the Spaniards, and by other means, in the course of several years afterwards. In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of the Empire against Louis XIV., and England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Savoy took up arms, and Louis found himself battling with nearly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for anl ally. This war ended with the peace of Ryswick in 1697. No material change took place in America, but the colonists were harassed and many of their people killed or carried captives to the Canadas. In 1688 the French possessions in North America included nearly the whole of the continent north of the St. Lawrence,and the entire valley of the Mississippi; and they had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between wbich points they had three great lines of communication, to wit: by way of Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin River; by way of Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers; and by way of Lake Erie, the Maumee and Wabash Rivers, and were preparing to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. At this time a census of New France showed a total population of eleven thousand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of twelve years, ending with the treaty of Utrecht in 1 713. This also extended to the American Colonies, and its close left everything as before, with the exception that Nova Scotia was captured in 1710. The boundaries between the French possessions and the English colonies were left as unsettled as ever, and no definite or settled condition of affairs was arrived at until another generation had passed over the stage. 14 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. for his band in Illinois. A sad disappointment awaited him. He found his fort deserted, and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During La Salle's absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, who camne the long distance betwe en the shores of Lake Ontario and the Illinois River to make war upon the more peaceable tribes dwelling on the prairies. Uncertain of any assistance from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the savages, Tonti, in September, 1680, abandoned his position and returned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on the Illinois in December, 1680, or January, 1681. Again and bitterly disappointed, La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to return to Canada and start anew. This he did, and in June met his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. Hennepin, in the meanwhile, had met with strange adventures. After leaving Creve-Coeur, he reached the Mississippi in seven days; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the llth of April reaching the Wisconsin line. Here he was taken prisoner by some northern Indians, who, howev er, treated him kindly and took him and his companions to the falls of St. Anthony, which they reached on the I st of May. These falls Hennepin named in honor of his patron saint. Taking to the land, they traveled to the northwest, an estimated distance of two hundred miles, to the villages of the Sioux. Hennepin and his companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly bv their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band of French, led by one Sieur de Luth,* who, in pursuit of game and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Superior. With his band Hennepin and his companions returned to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hennepin returned to France, where, in 1684, he published a narrative of his wonderful adventures. In August, 1681 La Salle was again on his way up the lakes, and on the 3d of Novenber we find him at the mouth of the St. Joseph, as confident as ever. Here he remained until the middle of December, getting ready for the trip down the Illinois. Instead of following his former route by way of the Kankakee, he took a new route by the Chicago River. The party consisted of twenty-three Frenchmen, eighteen Eastern Indians, ten Indian women, and three children, and traveled on foot, conveying their baggage on sledges. They left the present site of the great city of Chicago about the 5th of January, 1682, and on the 6th of February reached the Mississippi. On the 13th they proceeded on their voy age, and, after various adventures, reached the mouth of the Mississippi upon the 6th of April, 1682. They examined the three great channels by which the river reaches the sea, and On the 9th of April erected a column, surmounted by a cross, and affixed the arms of France, with this inscription: "LOUIS THE GREAT, KING OF FRANCE AND NAVARRE, REIGNING APRIL 9, 1682." At this ceremony formal possession was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King; the whole concluding with salutes and cries of Vive le Roi. La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the Chickasaw Bluffs, where they had erected a fort on their downward voyage, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti to communicate with Count Frontenac. La Salle himself reached the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From that point he sent Father Zenobe with his dispatches to represent him at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and to the project of completing a fort, which he named S t. Louis, upon the Illinois River. The precise location of this work is not known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and fifty feet high, and only accessible upon one side. There are no bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the description. It may have been on the rocky bluff above La Salle, where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. Upon the completion of this work La Salle again sailed for France, which he reached on the 13th of December, 1683. A new man, La Barre, had now succeeded Frontenae as Governor of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and this, with other untoward circumstances, no doubt led him to attempt the colonization of the Mississippi country by way of the mouth of the river. Notwithstanding many obstacles were in his path, he succeeded in obtaining the grant of a fleet from the King, and on the 24th of July, 1684, a fleet of twentyfour vessels sailed from Rochelle to America, four of which were destined for Louisiana, and carried a body of two hundred and eighty people, including the crews. Discord soon broke out between M. de Beaujeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to worse. On the 20th of December they reached the island of St. Domingo. During their stay here the fearful Southern fever broke out, and La e From this man undoubtedly comes the name Duluth. t Western Annals.134 Ex tracts from Letter of F. R. Brunot, E sq., President of the Mercantile Library Hall Company, to Joseph Albree, Esq., President of the Mercantile Library- Association. "PITTSBURGH January 8, 1869. "The plans for the building submitted by the architect. (Leopold Eidlitz, Esq. of New York) were adopted by the Board of Managers in May last, and Messrs. Barr Moser, of. this city were appointed superintending architects, and on the 16th of June proposals for the execution of the stone, brick, and carpenter work were accepted. The work of taking down the old Concert Hall and other buildings on the lot was shortly after commenced, and the excavations being completed, Mr. J.L. L. Knox, contractor for the masonry laid the first stone in the foundation of the structure on Wednesday August 27 [1868].... The building will occupy a ground space of one hundred nd twenty feet front on Penn Street by one hundred and sixty feet deep along Barker's Alley Its architectural style is Byzantine, with a Mansard roof. The front will be of dressed stone, the sides and rear of brick, with stone dressings. The lower story will be divided into six compartments. That which is nearest to St. Clair Street will be occupied for the main entrance and staircase to the Library and Auditorium.... On the first floor (or second, as we are accustomed to call it), in front, will be the accommodations for the Library The Library hall will be'one bundred feet by forty, and forty-six feet high, with a gallery surrounding it' at seventeen feet above the floor.... At the west end of the hall is a special readingroom for ladies, thirty by eighteen feet, and over th is room, and accessible from the gallery, is a room of corresponding size, for gentlemen. In the rear of the east end is the Librarian's room, thirty-four feet four inches by seventeen feet two inches. "Adjoining the north side of the Library, and between the last-mentioned rooms and the staircase, is the book-delivery room,, seventy-nine feet by thirty-four feet four inches, which it is proposed shall be used also as the newspaper reading-room, and for conversation. "In the rear of these apartments will be the Auditorium,one hundred and sixteen feet by seventy-eight, inclusive of stage and foyer. It will be constructed upon the plan of a theatre, with a single gallery' and seat comfortably about fourteen hundred persons. "In the front part of the building, over the Library, is a room one hundred and sixteen feet long by forty feet wide and sixteen and one-half feet high, which, at some future time, will be needed in connection with the Library, but which, until then, may be devoted to other uses. It would make a very good gallery for the exhibition of pictures." Extracts from Report of J. R. McCune, Esq., President Mercantile Library for 1870.."The most important event to the Association during the past year (1870) was the removal from the room which it formerly occupied [i.e., corner of Sixth and Penn] to the magnificent new library building, erected by the generosity of the Mercantile Library Hall Company.... After unavoidable delays, involving a temporary removal and occupancy for some months of one of the new store-rooms on the first floor of the library building, the final completion of the library rooms enabled us to remove into them on the 26th day of August' [1870]. " The Board is advised, informally, of a bequest of five thousand dollars made to the Association by Ebenezer Brewer, Esq. None of the fruits of tllis generous benefaction will probably be realized during the present year, but will, in good time, produce happy results to the community. "The Board also desires to make grateful acknowledgement to Richard Hays, Esq., for the unsolicited donation of fifty shares of the capital stock of the Mercantile Library Hall Company, of the par value of five hundred dollars." Extracts from the Relport for 1871, by H. M. Long, Esq., President Mercantile Library Association. [The donation by Richard Hays, Esq., of fifty shares of stock in the Library Hall Company, to the Mercantile Library Association, which was referred to in Mr. McCune's report for 1870, initiated a movement which was followed up by several public spirited stockholders, and which, if others continue to be inlfluenced by the same generous impulse, may hereafter be fraught with important advantages to the library. On this subject Mr. Long says in his report: "The policy of acquiring the stock of the Library Hall Company easily engaged the attention of your Board, and they take great pleasure in recording, the following donations, as the result so far attained: Mrs. M. B. Jackson, one hundred shares; Mr. James Park, Jr, one hundred shares; Mr. Edward Rahm, fifty shares; Mr. F. S. Bissell, ten shares; Mr. William Morrison, fifty shares; Mr J. Metcalf, five shares.'.." The Board take this occasion to return the thanks of the association to the liberal donors. Other stockholders in the Library Hall Company, have expressed an intention to present their stock to the library association, but have not yet consummated it.". Bequest of Ebenezer Brewer.-" In the la st annual report reference was made by your President to the bequest of the late Ebenezer Brewer of five thousand dollars to the library. Your.Board acknowledged the receipt, during the past week of one-half of this amount, two thousand five hundred dollars, from Hon. Felix R. Brunot and James P. Brewer Esq, the executors of the will of deceased. The balance of the bequest will be paid to the association during the curren t year. Two thousand dollars of this sum are to be invested at once in books of a religious and moral character, to be selected by persons who are named in the will, and the remaining three thousand dollars are to. be permanently invested, the interest to be used in the further purchase of books for the library." "A Supplement to an act to Incorporate the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association and Mechanics' Institute, in the, city of Pittsburgh, passed March, 1864. "Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in'General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That Thomas M. Howe, John H. Shoenberger, William M. Lyon, William K. Nimick, Felix R. Brunot, James McAuley, and George W. Cass and their successors are hereby appointed trustees, to have the charge of and to invest the donations, bequests, and other sums of money which may hereafter accrue to the permanent fund of the YounCr Men's Mercantile Library Association and Mechanics' Institute, in the city of Pittsburgh, and shall pay over annually the income of said fund to the Treasurer of said institute, unless otherwise ordered by the donors or devisors thereof.; and the said trustees shall have power to fill vacancies occurring, in their body," etc.., etc. Extracts from the Report for 1872 by Wm. N. Howard, President Mercantile library Association. "The increase of the number of volumes added to the library is largely in excess of any previous year, with one exception (1866), and nearly twice as great as in 1871. The additions number one thousand three hundred and seventy-one volumes, making the total number now in the library twelve thousand three hundred and forty-four volumes." "In addition to the purchases for the Brewer alcove, the other departments of the library. have been enriched by the addition of five hundred volumes in all branches of science and literature, including many valuable works on technology, especially adapted to the wants of artisans in all the various pursuits which have made Pittsburgh one of the great industrial centres of the country. It is greatly to be desired that this department of the library be made as full and complete as possible, and that it be made especially rich in works treating of the application of science to the arts and trades. Your Board regret that, owing to their narrow means, they have been restricted in the purchase of this class of books, which are mainly of an expensive character." "A public library has special claims as an educational institution to the moral and material support of the community in which it is located. The school, the college the university, are but the first stages in education. They but prepare the young man or young womnan to acquire from bookss the various knowledge which books contain. The library places the books within their reach, and enables them to carry on their education to practical results. "But a library does more than merely provide for the intellectual growth of the people. It exerts a highly moral influence, not only as a necessary incident of education, but by rescuing the evenings of our young men from the haunts of dissipation and vice that surround and allure them from the path of rectitude." Extracts from the Report of the Mercantile Library Association for 1873, by Malcolm Hay, Esq., Presdent...." Our library has been frequently referred to by the press and in the annual reports as a public library. Let us hope and strive that it may really become what it has been styled. Until it rests upon some more sure and permanent foundation than yet exists for it,'there is of course. no possibility that its doors can be much more widely opened than they now are. "Lectures..The net profits of the course of 1872-73 amounted to three thousand and twenty four dollars and four cents, the largest sum realized from any lecture course during the history of the association."Extracts from the Report for the year 1874, by General J. Bowman Sweitzer, President. "Depending as this institution does, and must, for its support upon the voluntary contributions of our citizens, either as paying members of the Library or patrons of the lectures, you naturally presume that the past, year bas. been a trying one upon it, as it has been upon our city in financial matters.''Though we. admit that your anticipations are in a measure, correct, nevertheless, your Board take pleasure in stating that they have been, and they think you will be, agreeably disappointed in the results, as shown by the reports of the officers and the lecture committee, that.will be read in your hearing. "The amount received for memberships during the past year was, as appears by this report [the Treasurer's], $3823,being $107 more than was received in 1873 from the same source, and $165 more than was received in 1872. The'Lecture Committee has paid into the treasury the -sum of $2715.15 as the net proceeds of the lecture season of 1873-74. For the season of 187273, the amount paid over by the Committee was $3024.09, and for 187l-72, $2540." TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. Extracts from the Report for 1875, by General J. Bowman Sweitzel-, P-lesident. "In submitting, to you the twenty-eighth annual report of the operations of the Library, your Board have to regret that its affairs are not in as flourishing a condition as they could wish,though not as discouraging as they might be. "Since the fall of 1873, commerce, manufactures and all the industries of our city and nation have languished and been less profitable than prior to that date. Hence the institution, dependent' for its support upon those engaged in these pursuits, mechanics, merchants, and manufacturers, who are less able now than heretofore to patronize and aid it, could not but be affected unfavorably by this condition of their interests. Ours is not an exceptional case. Sim ilar institutions throughout the country, both East and West, that are dependent on the patronage of their members for support, make the same report as to their condition. "Our receipts from members during the year was $3896.36, being $73.36 more than was realized from the same source in 1874, and more than was received'in any previous year, except 1871, when we came into this building. Lectures.-The net profit to the association from lectures for the season'of 1874-75, was the sum of $601.65. The lecture course was inaugurated in 1851, and our profits therefrom continued to increase yearly from the year 1859 (the earliest of which we have any data), with but few exceptions, down to the season of 1872-73, when the largest amount was realized. In 1858' it was but $50; in 1873 it reached the handsome sum of $3024.072 and your Board was induced to believe that it could be relied on thereafter as an unfailing source of revenue to the institution. The next year the profits fell off eighty percent, and of the present lecture season (1875-76) enough is known to warrant the assertion that it has resulted in actual loss to the association of several hundred-dollars.'' In view of this manifest failure'of the.lecture system as a source of income in 1875- 76, it may be interesting to note the fact in the most successful year of lectures, 1873, when over $3000 of profits w ere realized the President of the association in his report for that year wrote: "The support of the Library is now almost entirely derived from two sources: the dues of membership and the profits of the annual course of lectures. Should the receipts from either of these sources at any time fail or be sensibly diminished,the necessary expenses of its existence could not be met...But the hope is to be cherished that there may be such benefactions made by the friends. of the Library-liberal-minded citizens who hhave at heart the permanence and tlhe Ixtensio.o th insttuion t hat-in course of "tinme the Mercantile Library Association of Pittsburgh like tha o Philadelphia ad oter itis, may not only be reliev'ed fromn the pyent of rent for' its rooms, buLt may own tlle build'iii in which it' is 1octd and be'possessed''of sumf-_ cie'nt income to enable it to be of the gi-eatest and most enlarg,ed' usefulness of wllii;h a public- librar'y in a tho thtf'ul, active, and industrious commnunity is capable." -. Successive Presidents of the Mercantile Library Association of Pittsburgh. 1847, Samuel M. Wickersham; 1848, 1849, and 1850, John Finney, Jr.; 1851 and 1852 Robert E. Sellers; 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, and 1857,James McAuley; 1858 and 1859,Felix R. Brunot; 1860 and 1861, David Ritchie; 1862, James Park Jr. 1863, 1864, nd 1865, Felix R. Brunot; 1866, Willliam, Frew, 1867, John R. McCune; 1868 and 1869, Joseph Albree; 1870, John R. McCune; 1871, Henry M. Long; 1872, William N. Howard: 1873, Malcolm Hay, 1874, 1875, and 1876, J. Bowman Sweitzer. So far as we have been able to find out, the successive librarians have been HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 130 C.Seaad Alexander Hay, filling the interval from the establish ent of the association in 1847 up to 1859, when George E. Appleton suceeded Mr. Hay and held the position until 1875' or the beginning of 1876, when the present incumbent, Mr. James Macrum, was elected on the resignation of Mr. Appleton. BRIDGES. - The first steps taken towards the erection;of bri'dges at Pittsburgh were as early as 1810. A charter was granted by the Legislature on the 20th of March of that year for two bridges, one over the Monongahela and the other over the Allegheny; but circumstances interfered to prevent their erection for several years. The same year,the old "Bank of Pittsburgh" made application for a charter, and made an offer in the memorial to'the Assonibly to give twven ty th'ousand doll ars. to'each of the proposed bridg,es in case chiai-ter, wvas' issued-. The charter was not o b tai'n ed,-and tho bu'ilding -of tlhe brldu,es was conlsequently pos'tponed.' Th'e bridue chart.er was allowed to lapse, but a DOw one was granted by the Legislature February 17, 1816, whioh - as sig,ned by'the Governor May 1816.'A"''compa-ny organiz'ed under this charter July 8, 1816, with the followirt. y. P Y. Z!... Offcers: President, William Robinson, Jr.; and James Adams, James Anderson, Abner Barker, Robert Campbell, Thomas Cromwell, John Darragh, Hug Davis Ebenezer Denny William Hays, George Poe, Jr., and A. Zeigler, Managers. Alexander Johnston, Jr., was appojine Treasurer.'--: The -bi-id res were constru-cted ailnd opened to the pu blic -for tr-affic, the Monongahela.in 1818'and the Allegheny in 1820. The'-f'ormer -cost ab-ou't'one liunidre'd thousand'dollars, IaDd tbe latter -about eightyc tblous',an d dollars. Thley were both ofwo,and: constructed'nte.cprcile, siiilliair to the pi-es iit Mechanic Street bridge. The op'eniD6g of'these bridu,es' was- a great event in t.he- hist oly of the twocities The Mongahela bridge was- consid'ere the mlore, importtin:t of the -two, from the fact th-at' it opened communication- with an older aln'd better-. settled cou-ntry. The region to the south of t.he Ohio River WclS settled at an'earlier date~ than that on the north side, and trade from that quare-a for mlany years'much in adva ice of the northern, portion'of Allegrheny County. But a'fter the l'apse of a' f'ew yeaci-s the Allegheny bridge took the le-ad, as the coun-try im-proved and de'velo ed, and Allegheny City becalme a flourishing, municipality. The rate, of'toll fo rfoot-passent,fers -on theso brid'res was- two'cents- for each person, both inale and f'emale.- The Monongahela bridge was destiroyed -in th'e great fire of April, 1845, and the pre.sent it-on structure Wa;s ei-ected the sa iDse ye'ar, at a cost of fifty-five thousand dollars. The, old stone pier-s of't'his brid,e became very wTeak and were replaced by new ones about 1833-34. These:w'ere retained who'.n constiructincr the itron br id('rd, and: ther eby mat'ei ially reduced the cost.' John A. Roebling was the constructing engineer. From a miniute desciription furnished by Mr. Roebling to h New York Railroad Journal al d coid in Craig's " O1den Time," we'condense tho followin:( items. -The' bridu,e WC1$;ornmenced in June, 1845, and finished inl 184i6. The wliole lengrth -of the work betwe'en'abutiiienits'ls- exactly fif'teen hundr-ed feet; di'vided into ei Iht spans' each one hundrea an'd ei' bty-ei(ylht feet fronm centre to centre. Tlhe total width between the r lin,s- is thirt, two feet. The iocidway's twenty fe'et, ad-' tlie ar two sidewalks, each five fet in widtli, outside the cables. The cables are four and a ballf iliches in diameter-andl protected by a1 solid wirappinC,; there are seven bundred aind fi fty wien ealch cable. The wei(,ht of tlle superstructure of oiie spaLn, as far as' utpp red bytecables ssvnytns Ultimate,tleon-thl of the tw o cables, oi"ht hundred' arid.sixty tons. This blito- id stll itdino'7 in'o condition, thouc,h by nmeseqal'to the suspension brid-e over.tbe Alleg,heniy. A'supplement, to the orni-,inal' chart.er was obtiti[ed; May S7: 7 a8T:uthlorizing the tea'ring down of the old Allelierl'y br ido,ea(nd tli e el ectioni of a more s-Lubstan tial sti uctuire.'rllere was considerabtle discussion'touc;hin,, tlie 7~isul1 of bridh,e to be built. Ml'. John IHailper, wlio WaS at the time a dlirecte zaously. advo0cated a Sll.s)el.0b bridge fionm the be^,,innin(, and tl-iis pr sfinaly adope,' oKh ln'cn tende it woul s0t SO m ueh that it cotildd d tr ld conver become'a palying invsestmenet. The old wooden structure wtas completely de'iiiolished,-supersti-uctui-e, abutlients, an ir,and the ma~,nificent b idg,e -of to-day erected inl its pl.lce, antl- opeiiedI to the public in, 186() The stone ill the pliers arid abutriients of the old bi.idge. was used as far as possible, reductio, the cost quite iiiateilitly Tlle totail outlzty fo r tllis granid piece of enginleeringU was a little uiider' tlii-ee Iiiundi-ed tlious.lrcl dollars.''Its to'tal' len-Oth is about one tliousallld feet, its wvidtli flor ty- f'eet its lieio-lt'above the oi dinaiy stagre of walter ini thle Allegheny is su ffiietiet f'or' the, pbtssaf,fe'of steamef s withiout low7erir, their -statcks.'Thie bridge has' tw7o 16iiO sp.lns in the-,ce.ritre of about tlii-ee blulidred anid fifty feet eacli, withl a sh-ortcr fspzii at eai enid, and t'le wliole, Stl cttire, is in tlle fol iii of''a g,i aeef'tll ai-'eh fi-Oill banrlk to baliik. Two.beautiful'-and~ alli t towers, flin te lt aco ateter'extreiiiity, addingr miuch to the bealuty anld n-andeur of, tlic whiole.' THISTORY OF -ALLEGHENY COUTNTY,, PENNSYLVANIA,: John A. Roebling was also the engineer of this work:, which was the first -i-oat bridge to -span a navig,able stream inl the United States, and one of the most important works of the kind in this country. Not very Ion, after its comupletioii, the Prince of Wales and,the Duke of Newcastle,'who wei-e on- a tour of. the country, were crossing the bridgye in an opon carriage. When about half-way over, the duke reqLuested the driver to stop, and lookin- around at the beautiful and solid structure, he remarked, "It is the finest work of the kind I have ever seen." The State of Pennsylvania had forty thousand dollars of stock in the old wooden bridge, which was sold about 1843, at public sale. Th-e par value was twenty-five dollars per share, and the State stock sold fo rover thirty doll'ars per share. It was purchased by various individuals." For some time, people were afraid to take stoek in the new structure, and it required persistent effort on the part of Mr. Harper and others to place it; but it gradually appreciated until it. reaclied a permanent market value of over fifty,dollars per sbare, an inerea-se of over one, hundred per cent. It is a most valuable investment, paying a recgular dividendt of seven and a half pers cent. per annum on the market value of the stock, equal to fifteen per cent. on the original issue. Its dividends are paid at the Bank of Pittsburgh, whose officers and stockholders have always, indiv7idually, been largely interested in the work. John Harper, President of the Bank of Pittsburgh, is also President of the Suspension Bridge Company. When the new bridge was'completed the rates of toll were materially changed. The rate for foot-passeng,ers was reduced to one cenlt each-f'or miales,'and females were allowed free passag,e. Many franchises were granted by the charter to schools, societies, employees, etc., etc. Property improved imnieiisely on Sixth and Federal Streets, and the wisdom and foresight of those who advocated the suspension plan have been generally acknowledged by all classes of the comrnunity The very appearance of the structure drew a large additional traffic, and it is to-day, by far the busiest tbhoroughfare on the river. A double-track street railway passes over it, and it is constantly tbronged with cars, ~carriages, and pedestrians. The view from. this superb structure is worthy of London itself. A busy n-anufacturing, and commercial city lies on either hand, with its crowning doimes and lofty spires, its smoking factories and massive warehouses, its lofty heights and clustering, homes-, wliile; below sweeps the majestic Allegheny, b3eariwg on its bosom the stately steamer, the heavy-laden coal or oil barge, immeiise lumber rafts, and numerous, smaller craft; the whole constituting a scene of busy life not soon to be forgotten;., A few hundred yards below, an elegant wooden-arch bridge spans the river at the "1 Point, while above there are five. Others, includiDg the railway bridge, the one at Bennett's, and the, fine. iron. structure at Sharpsburg, all witbin the limits of thle city. On tlle Monongahela, above the iron suspension bridge. already described, are two others, the railway bridge, and the wooden arch bridgfe at Birmingham. A neIw one is also in process of construction at the junction of the Monongahela with the Ohio, makiDg in all eleven substantial bridges. within the corporate limits of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. The Monongahela suspension bridge is paying about the same percentage as the Allegheny suspension bridge, tbough on a nmuch smaller amount of stock.' The wooden bridges are all substantial and costly structures, and good for many years.X PITTSBURGH CITY POOR-HOUSE This institution was incorporated by act of Assembly in 1847. It is finely located on the left bank of the Monongahela River, in Mifflin Township, about. eight miles from t-he city hall in Pittsburgh. The farm consists of about one hundred and fifty acres of excellent land, valued at one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The' buildingys are large and commodious, and most beautifully and picturesquely located in a mag,nificent bend of the river. The farni is well watered by fine spr'itigs, affordino, am-ple quantities for all necessary purposes. There is also a quarry of buildiDg-stonle on the place, sufficient for the wants of the institution. The total value of farm and buildings is about t-wo hundred thousandc dlollars.'''''It is intended, exclusively, for the use and accon-modation of the poor of the; city of Pittsburgh, not including insane paupers, of whom tlhere are about one hundred -at the Dixmont Hospital, at an annuLal cost to the city of eighteen thousand dollars. -- On the first of June, 1876, the number of inmates was 331, of whom 205 were rtlales and 126 females. The males work upon the farm, which is devoted to the raising of stock and vegetables, of wbich the proceeds for 1875,amounted to $6536.94. The femuales are employed in various domestic duties, and in making clothiing.for the irniiates, of whaich quite a, lar e anmount is manufactured. anDually. The institution is under the control of a Board of Guardians electedl by the City Council, and consisting of twelve iiieimbers, of wbom four are elected annually'. The annuLal assessment for poor-house purposes is one-half niill 0oz. the dollar, upon thae city valuation, and the aimouLnt raised for 1875 was aboum eiglity-five- thousand dollars. Besides the rwegular'care of this institution, the Board h'ave furnished aid during the past year to eighl-t thousand four hundred and nine needy persons not connected with the poor-house, and, in addition, have accommodated a ver lart,e number of destitute travelers and "1 tramps," cornpellino, them generally to overrun the armount provided by taxation'. - BOARD OF GUARDIANS OF THE POOR. Office, 177 Fourth Avenue. S. S. Boggs, Joseph S. Finch, Thomas Jones, Henry Hays, R. E. Mercer, John M. Schafer, T. B. Atterbury, J. B. Sweitzer, E. Houston, James Montooth, John M. Osborne. James T. Kincaid, President. G. L. Braun, Secretary and Agent; James S. Todd, Assistant Secretary; J. B. Williams, Messenger. Physicians. George Purviance, First District; Alex., AE. McCandless, Second District; A. V. Chessrown, South Side District; D. M. McMasters, East End;, W. S. Bullock, Superintendent City Farm; A. D. Brewster, Physician City Farm. BETHEL AND YOUNG MEN'S HOME. This institution is located on Duquesne Way, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, Pittsburgh, and is now one of a series of Homes under the auspices of the Western Seamen's Friend Society, governed by a board of seventeen resident trustees, whose directions and plans are carried out by a superintendentj who also performs the duties of chaplain to the Home. The present,building is a four-story brick, with basement. It is forty feet front and extends back one hundred- and seventy feet, containing eighty bed-rooms, two -parlors, one large office, two dining-rooils, ~two kitchens, a spacious chapel, and. a large department for tlhe destitute. The hotel department can accommodate one bundred. lodgers with good sleeping facilities, and the destit-ute department can lodge three bundred persons. The entire building is beated by steamn, and every part of it is well supplied with. water, batli-rooms, water-closets, and gas-lights. It is wortlh seventy-five tbousand dollars. From what has been said it can be inferred that the institution is divided into twvo departments, one of which is a hotel for the accommodationl of transient and permnanent customi. All classes of boarders are protected against the influences of strong drink, gambling, and profanity. The profits accruing, from this department are applied to the SUppOrt of the other, which is known as the Department for the Destitute. The object of tlhis. latter departinent is to afford a ternporary home to such as are out of employment and destitute of means; to strangers who are in search of work and bave no mnoney with wliich to obtaiin food, and lodging. All such are fed and sheltered and assisted in procurinog suitable employment.. Religious services are held every eveing and three services each Sabbath. At the close of each service an opportunity is g,iven to all who wish to come forward and sign the temiperance pledge. Besides furnisliing a temporary bome fo r the destitute, this departmnent bas in a great degree been a protection to the property, and perhaps tlle lives, of citizens of the place, for if all wbo nightly find lodging here were left upon the streets, little property would be secure from molestation. The history of the Home dateKs back to the fall and early winter of 1867, when a number of persons engaged in works of active benevolence became impressed with the necessity of extendiDg help to the large number of persons daily found on our streets,-without food or shelter, and obtained the use of an old building on the corner of Penn Street and Barker's Alley, where, under the rname of "HOMIE FOP, THE DESTITUTE, food and lodginog were provided for such as had none. Finding, that the nurnber of destitute continued to increase, these persoris called a formal meetingP of committees representing the following associatioDs, viz.: " Home for the Destitute," Ladies' Relief Society of Pittsburgh," "Women's Christian Society," "Ladies' Relief Society of Allegheny," "Young Men's Christian Association," and the "Allegheny County Prison Society, Mr. R. C. Miller acting as Chairman aind Wm. H. Knox as Secretary. This meeting was held in the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association, No. 23 Fifth Avenue, and resulted in a pern-ianent organization, the following persons being elected officers and manage rs: Thomas H. Rabe, President; John Watt, VicePresident; Wm. H. Knox, Secretary T. K. Cree, Treasurer; Executive Committee, Thomas H. Rabe, Wm. M. Claney, Frank Woods, John Watt, James D. Carlisle, F. R. Brunot, and Richard Hays. Under the malnagement of the organizationl thus forli-led, a large amuount of relief was afforded durin-, the'winter and spriig of 186S. It was found necessary in the winter of 1868-69 to reorfanilze'; coDsequently on the 1,st day of January, 1869, anotlher meettin-t was held in the roomls of the Y. M. C. A., and thei follwing managers were elected, viz.: Thos. H. Rabe, President; W. Van Kirk, Vice137 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY the month of May, 1834, Dr. Speer visited t}le citie's alonff the Atlantic seaboar-d fro'm Washington to Boston. Durin- the trip he particul arly initerested himself in gatherinO information connected with riu'ral cemeteries, iiit,ann te places, Mt. Vernon and Mt. Auburn Cemetery near Boston:which was chartered in 1831.' The latter was ev;en th'en finely improved, and -ave abundant promise of what it bas siiice become,-one of the finest ceimeteries in the woirld. Laurel Hill Cemetery, in Philadelphia, was chartered in 1836, and Greenwood, New York, in 1838. - In the interval between 1834 and 1842, tlhe enterprise of establishiillg a rural cemetery in this vicinity was at no time lost sight of or abanDdoned., Durin^, ab part of this tiiDe there was great depression in business all ovTcr the country, and but limited iiieIans and still less inclination to emibark in new enterprises of' any kind. Continued efforts were made to keep alive an interest ill the subject wlhich miight lead finally to definite action.: Occasional articles fronm different writers were published in' the newspapers, advocatingf the i-neasure and explaining the,pernicious consequences resulting, fro'm buryin, the dead in larg,e cities. and frequent notices were tlhrown before the public of the prof,ress and success of rural cemeteries in. other cities. Repeated explorations, were also made of all the sites in the neighborhood thatS were considered suitable or' available for the purpose. Thou'h several of these were very beautiful, some were fo)und, on exaiiiination, too difficult of access, and others, from various causes, not adapted to burial purposes,,until, finally, the farm of Colonel Bayard, embracing; oDe blundred acres, was selected as in all respects the most desirable location in the, vicinity. To the original purcbase several other tracts lhave been from time to time,added, bougbt froni Mrs. Dr. Mowry, thebeirs of Richard Biddle, William Young, Mrs. Semple, anld others, makiillg the' entire amount of the ground in the ceiiietery two hiundred and eigbty acres. In the mean time Mr. Colwell iremoved to Philadelphia, where he resided until the time of bis -death, wlilch occurred in. 1873. Considerable correspoindence tookc place between Ihim and Dr. Speer'relaltin-, to the proposed newv cemetery, aiid he gathered up all the information within his reach and, sent it to the doctor, from time to time. In the spring of IS44 several meetinus were beld for the purpose of furtbering the obj'ect, at wbich prominent m'embers of Trinity Church and the First Presbyterian Church took an active part. The two adjoining lots occupied by these churches, extending, each one, hundred and sixty'feet o'n Sixth Avenue and two hundred and forty feet to Virgin Alley, had been donated to tlhem in the year 1787 by Jolin Penn and others,,for'tlhe purpose each of a church and burialground.' Tlie lot lying north'of these' fronti-ng sixty feet on Sixth Avenue aDd,two bundred and forty on Wrood Street, was a- sub'sequent purchase by the First Presbyterian Churcb,'not subject to the same conditions, and no interments had ever been made in it. Consequently the great number of interments made from 1787 to 184L4 bad all been crowded into a space, after deducting that occupied by the two church buildin,s, considerably less than a single acre. In-deed, so densely populated with dead bodies had these -r'ounds become, that it was scarcely possible to open a new grave without desecrating the remains of some. onie previously interred. For n-iore. than a lialf-century they had beeii the depository of large Duiibers f'romi the Doted and respectable families wbose inames are associalted with the early bistory of the'city.' They were, tlierefore, tlle objects of cleep initerest. and the necessity for some now arran(yeinent to remedy the increasing evil had beconle not oDly urt,ent but imperative. On the first MoDday of April, 1844, a mneeting was held at'tbe First Presby terian Church, on Wood Street, at'which the Rev. Francis Herron was callled to the Chair, and Samuel R. Johnston appointed Secretary. The subjeto h c ondition of the,rave-vard connected with the cliurch, and the necessity of procuring anotlher site for a burying-groundl, was discussed, atid, with the bope of leadint, to a mor'e gzeneral movement on the subject and the adoption of some plan that should be creditable to the public enterprise of the pla'ce, a series of resolutions, coverin-g the subject and expressive of the sense of the meeting, was offered byT Dr., Speer and aIdopted; and a committee of thr-eeDr. J. R. Speer, F. Lorenz, Esq., and William Robinson, Jr.-was appointed to mature and report such plaii as mig'lt be advisable. Shortly af'terwards, in pursuance of public notice, a meeting, of the citizens was beld in Philo Hall, to consider in ret,ard to the establishiment of a public cemetery. The Rev. A. D. Campbell was callled to the Chair, and T. J. Bigham. appoinited Secretary. On motioni, Thomas Bakewell, William Eichbaum, Wilson McCandless, Frederick Lorenz, and Dr. J. R. Speer were appointed to report r-esolutions for the acceptance of the mneeting. A series of resolutions wals prepared and adopted, and a committee of -five members was appointed to prepalre.articles of associationi and obtain an act of incorporation for a ceimetery to be situated within f'our iniles of the city, containing not less than fifty nor inore than one hundired acres. Richard Biddle, Esq., President; R. C. Miller, Secretary; T. K. Cree, Treasurer; Frank Woods, T.J. Gillespie, Jas. D. Carlisle, John G. Holmes, and George B. Logan; and a n additional house was rented at No. 234 Penn Street. In these two buildings a very large number of destitute and homeless p'persons, out of employment, found food and shelter. It is also hoped and believed that much good was effected by tlie devotional services held. The results of the work thus commenced were so salutary'in'their effects, and so prornising- of much and greater oood yet to be brought forth, that those initerestecl in the undertakinC, determlined to increase their' bounty by gettinu a more suitable place for the Home, so as to meet. more fully the w'ants of its rapidlyincreasing inui-ibers; consequently, tlhe site on: which is now erected the abovedescribed building was purchased, and a part of the, present building erected in 1869; and in Decembe'r of tlle same year; the " PITTSBURGH BETHEL, conducted by the Western Seamen's Friend Society, having for its object evangelical and missionary labor amon-, boatmen and railroad em'ployees of Pittsburgh an'd vicinity, arranged to conduct its work ill Pittsburgh and contiguous cities, and joiined with the societies-already named in conniection with this enterprise. In 1871, Mr. Long and his family'moved int-o the Honie and ass-Lined, under the' gener-al dir-ection of Mr. Rabe, the active and entire supe'rintendency of ih istuon.Tu far the HFomle had very little or' no Tryaterial support. DuLring' this pei-iod the demnands for charity conti'nued to increase very.rapidly, and all wlio had beein engagyed or interested in the work could now see'that a' charity' of this nature had become an. absolute and permanent neces'sity. A mode of support other than voluntary contributions of friends was found necessary, and the id'ea was su-,gested of establishi-ng a hotel or reg,ular boarding-hou'se department, and devoting the profits to the support of th-e department'Iof thle destitute. This plan was adopted, and'the work. carried on for about three years. The profits of the pay department did not, however, fully cover the expenses of the depairtm-ent for the' destitute..Heretofore Mr. T. H. Rabe had held the title,to all the real estate of the Home in his individual naulle; but at this time it became evident that more effectual permzanency would be secured and a deeper public syin athy insured to the institution by vesting the property in a board of trustees, representing thl-e several and combined interests of the Western Seamen's Friend Society and the Young, Men's Home, and to this end the property wa's accordingly trazlsferred to trustees in 1872, and was properly, and accoi-din- to act of Assembly incorporaWted under the name of the "Bethel and Young Men's Home." Dul-ing the year a large addition was made to the building, and it now has every con-venience. The records are kept and reportecl every month to the board of directors, and an auditing committee' audits the accounts of the hote,l department, an.d reports each montlh. From the report of the Destitute Department for the year ending, July, 1875, we find that the total n'umber''admitted was 14 300; number of foreigners, 6274; Catholics, 6288; number baving no trade, 7122 - married men, 735; widowers, 528; single men, 13,037; over fifty years old, 538; under twenty-five, 5191; free meals, 63,363; rnieals sold, 12,305; -free lodgings, 56,5271; relig,ious services held, 465; attendance at same, 62 98:1 -number sig,ninog temperance pledge, 27233; number re-entered, 2240; new narmes, 12,060. THE ALLEGHENY CEMETERY. De of the noblest ornamlents of the city of Pittsburgh is the beautiful "Allegheny Cemetery." For exte'nt and variety of surface it ranl.s wit'h the great cemieteries of the seaboard cities, and the views froim many portions of its ample grounds'are commanding and wonderful, including the valleys of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers, and the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. The site is most agreeably diversified with hill and dale, valleys, glens, and.cosy. nooks, with streams aind rivulets coursin-, their sparkling way towards the noble Allegheny. Over one million dollars have been expendled in. beautifyint, and ornamentin- the ground with costly monumnents, with carriage-drives and walks, ornamental shrubbery and flower-plats. The total number of interments up to June, 1873, was seventeen thousand four hundred and fifty, and at the present tiime they reach probably tweDty tliousand. At a meetiDg of the manac,ers of the ceimetery, held October 31:1872, Dr. J. R. Speer read a historical essay in which were incoi-porated miany inlteirestin, facts coDnected with its early bistory, gathered from old records and fi-om bis own recollection. These were embodied in paraplhlet forin and, by a rsesolution of the managers, published. Fron-i this pamnpllet we make thae followin-, extiracts: All tlle records and papers relatingf to the proceeding,s of the conmpany previous to the 1.0th of April, 1845, were destroyed in the office of Richard Biddle, Esq., by the great fire which occuirred on that day. The first mleeting of the corporation after that date was held in the Board of Trade rooms );85 As eai-ly as 1834 an attempt was made by Dr. J. R. Speer, Stephen Colwell, and John Chislett, Esquires, to establish a rural cemetery in this neighlborhood. InI HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA. With the, exception of the ocean, bay, and city views at Greenwood, New York, whiich are no'where else to be'found combined, we'do not believe there, is any' other locality in' the counitry where all the essential'requisites of a rura.' cemebtery ar~e present. in a hig,her deuree'of pe rfection thlan in the grounds of the Allegheny Cemetery.'Indeed, the panorama often pr'esent'ed to the'' ey e,-from some of its higbest points, on a calm sumumer or autumn'.evening, is surpassingly beautiful;especially on a Sunday evenling, when the couiitless fires and fur'nace's of the workshop-city' are extinguished in deference to~ the sacredness of the'day' anid their' buge columns' of smoke cea'se for a,time -to darken the air, when the sun is seen sinking behind golden clouds that gild'his path-way, the bold hills on tfhe opposite sid'es of the Allegheny and Monongahela hemming in' their waters as'they glide along to join the' Ohio, and trav:el in company with it two thousand miles through,'the peerless vallevs of the Ohio and Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.: Witbin the ot rangye of te eye from these' grounds-lies the city of Pittsburgh, containin, wth its surround no, cite vn vlages, two uude thuand inbabiants, and destined in' the propbetic vision of Washington, -Iong before'the era of canals and railroads, to beconie the key fromi the East to the.West. Our rivers and railroads have Ion- since converted this prophecy into history. At,'a still nealrer distance from the northwes.tern s'ide of the c'emetery i-s Wainright's Island, adj'oining the river fron of the U. S. Arsenal, lne lob thrillin-, incid'enit to the name of the Father of his Country. It is a memorable fact that, on'two occasions in the early history of this',reat nian,-his life was placed in im'minent danoler in this immediate vicinity. In the bloody' and disastrous defeat''of, Braddock's Field he miraculously,7escaped' unscathed -by the, arrows'or bullets of the savage foe, and in the other inst'ance' encountered a-anger n'o loss threa-teninog from the ice-flood -in'the Allegheny River.'Taking into conside'ration the natural attractions of the'grounds of the ceme-, tery, and the reminiscences connected with Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, and the; vari'ous wars and revolutions by wbich this important' point had passed suc6essively un'de'er Indian, French, and English rule and authority befoire the War of Independence,'they be'come invested-with fa hif,h degree of classic a'nd histor'ic interest, Never ca'n these grounds cea'se to be i'nteresting to visitors. as -they pass round th.eir walks and avenue's and'note the'names of Francis Herron, John Black, Robert Dunlap, Robert Bruce, Allan D. Campbell, Elisha P. Swift, and ot he faithful and worthy divines, who, by ea'rne'st argume-nt and persuasivTe eloqu'ence, "Triedl evei-y art, reprovecl each clull delay, - ~~~~~Al]uried to br'ighter worlds, and led the wvay." From the ba'r'will be seen the names of James Ross, William Wilkins, Richard Biddle, Orlando Metcalf, Walter Forward, Charles'Shaler, Cornelius Darragh, Wm. M. Shinn, William B. McClure, Thomas Williams, and miany others widel'y known as disitinguished lawyers-and'statesmeni, both in the courts and councils of the State andl Nation.''' -' Of the'medical profession the number' is large of useful and -eminent phy'sicians. In ibis catalogue are the names of James Agnew, Shepley R. Holmes, John S. Irwin, Wm. F. Irwin, Joseph Gazzam, Wm. Addison, Andrew N. McDowell, Robert Simpson, Henry D. Sellers, E. G. Edrington, Jeremiah Brooks, Thos. F. Dale, and Dr. Day, U.S.A. And there is still another class whose graves-and monuiments will be visited by' bereaved and loving friends while memory, lasts. Their'remains sleep in the cemetery, but'their namnes are inscribed on the roll of their country's' honor. The'y a're. the soldiers and patriots who sprang to arms when' the life and integrity of;the nation were endangered by the late rebellion,and -laid down their'lives in, its defense. IGeneral Alexander Hays, General C. F. Jackson, Colonel James H.'Childs, Colonel O. H. Rippey, Colonel Samuel W. Black, Major Albert M. Harper, Major Wm. S. Kirkwood, with nearly twelve hundred of' their brave compayiion s who bivouaacke d over these grounds, belong to' this:noble band.'- Fifteen o'thers, brought from the battle-fields' of Mexico lie by' their side. From the editorial corps, whicb, in every community, exlercises so large ain influence in forming and guidi'n-, p'ublic opinion, in -all tlle departnments of literature, morals, politics, and religion, will be found the naimes of John' M. Snowden, Neville B. Craig Robert M. Riddle, Henry C. Marthens, J. H. Foster, HiramKaine, and James W. Biddle. Malny' of these men bave left behind them an envriab'le reputation for tale'nt and ability as writelrs and editors. X''Two gallant' officers of the U. S. Navy repose in this cernetery-C6ommod'ore Joshua Barney and Lieutenant James L. Parker; the former'of who'm died while on a casual visit to Pittsburgh in 1 S I8, and whose'remains had been interred ill the clhurch-yard of the First Presbyterian Church. The latte'r died'with his armor on and at bis post of dulty, off the coast of Mexico, durin- the war w'ith l that country' The managers of-' the cemetery had''appropriated a beautifuI' spot, I in the'most'comlma ndinlg position in the grounds' and' dedicated it a.s a.burialP.. Hon. R. C. Grier, Thomas Bakewell, William Robinson, Esq., and Rev. Robert Dunlap were appoinlted-such comnmittee. Acomimittee of nine members was appointed to receive proposals for the purchase of a lot of0 ground suitable for'the purpose of establisliint, such cemetery. The following persons were' appoint-ed on tilis coiiimittee: Thomas Bakewell Dr. James R. Speer, T. J. Bigham, John Freeman, Thomas M. Howe, John Chislett, Dr. H. D. Sellers E. W. Stephens, and William J. Totten. A comimittee of fifteen imembers was talso' appIointed t'o obtain subscriptions to, the stock of, a conmpany for carr int, the. previous;-resolutions into effect. T8he followin were ap'pointed: Frederick Lorenz, Charles Avery, George Hogg, John R. Shoenberger, John Bissell, H. Sterling, William Eichbaum Jacob Painter, Charles Brown, Dr. William Kerr, F. G. Bailey, R. S. Cassatt,' William Lippincott, E. D. Gazzam, and H. Childs.'These proceedings were published in the newspapers of the city. Fr'om the Gazette and Advertiser of April 8, 1844, the proceedings of the'next and' final neeting a.re copied: "PUBLIC CEMETERY." -- "A adorne meing of th citzens of Pittsburgh to consult in regadt the, establishment of a public cemetery.'was held'at th e Board of Trade rooms,'Col. Wm. Robinson being appointed Chairman,'and T. J. Bigham Secret'ary. "Richard Biddle, from a committee ap'pointed fat a fornier' neetin'^, -re'por'ted a iiiemorial to the Legislature'and the draft of a proposed act of incorportion'These were unaniliously adopted, and' dire;cted to be'forwarded to Harrisburg for th'e action of the Legislature.''' - "The following names'were added to' those of the coimmittee, previously ap'pointed, to conis'tltute the-'first Board of Corporators: Hon. Wilson McCandless, Hon. Thomas Irwin Hon. Harmar Denny George W.' Jackson, Josiah' King, Charles Brewer James S. Craft George 0gden, Nathaniel Holmes, Pollard McCormick, James Laughlin, Robert Beer, and John D. McCord. " -The proceedint,s were directed to be'published in all' th.e city papers.;: " WM. ROBINSON, President. "T. J. BIGHAM Secretary" The act of inlcorporation was promptly passed by the Le-,islature without objection, and returned with the atpprova'l'.of Governor David R. Porter, dated April 24, 1844. To. no one more competent and rBeli-able could the' respo'nsible duty'of drafti'nu the charter of the companyT have been intru'sted th'an to the Honorable Richard Biddle, a gentleman widely known as a learned and'able'lawyer;, and to his legal experience and forecast it is largely indebted fo r the wise'and,carefuil provisions it contains,-tersely and cle-arly expressed -by which iin'p6rtant rights havIe been.secured and difficulties a'nd embarrassments alvoided,'whic'h have retarded or frus-' trated the success of.similar undertakings in other cities.' When charters are' ganted by the S tate for'ordina'ry -purposes or e'nterp'rise's they are generally limited to a certain time, and' the' r,ight' is. rese'rvecl to, anniul or revoke on certain condition:s. The charter of the Allegheny Cemetery is ilot limited in timne nor does it contain any'clause reserving the right to revoke' the privile e -ranted.''''''' The idea of' pecuniarly gain or speculation has not at an' tm e ened intth minds of the' projectors of the Allegheny Cemetery. Their aim's and purposes, from the beginning to the pres'ent time, hav e been neither- pecuniary, sectatriazn or -selfishw, but in all respects liberal and humn,loigolyt h pubi efr and public benefaction. This principle was'distinctly avowed in a resolution v*.fered by General Hlowe, and unanimously adopted at one'of the earliest m'eetings of -the managers, and before a sing,le lot bad been sold; and. much of tlle success of the enterprise is'due to its strict observance,to the'pres-ent time. The resolution indeed (roes much farther, however, than' the' a'sser'tion of this f'undamental'principle.' It provides'that the entire pr-occecls from the sale of lots'shall be appropriated', fit-st, to the extint,uishm ent of the debt intu-Lred by the p-urchase of the piroperty; next, in improving and ornanmcnting the grounds; and, lastly, to the creation of a permalnent- fund sufficienlt to keep the' grou'nd in good'order through all comiillg tinie; but, in order to provide' against the COntinutency that after these'objects had bee'n a'ccomplished a surplus mi(,ht remain, it provides'that suich surplus shall be devoted to ",philanthropic and Ch,aritable uses." Tlhe company bas been doubly'fortunate in the'purchase o'f'-'its lands. They wvere bought or-iginally inl separate parcels and from differen't ow'ners,'at m'oderate rates, amounting in the agglre-,ate to one hundred and ei'ghteen th'ousa'n'd five hundred dollars; but, if estimated by recent sales of adj'oinin- property,' could iot be purchased at the present time for less than one million, perhaps one an'd a half million dollars. The'soil is' of a sandy -and, prunare'nd the grounds' in all respects. 4dmiJLably adapted to the pur-poses- of so ulture, and in- kee'iri, with m' dein t'aste and sentimnent i-n regard to rural cemeteries.139 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. plat'e for naval heros und'er, the name of " Mount Barney." To' this spot the remiains of the two gallant officers were remnoved on the 12th day of May, 1848, accompanied by s'uch appropriate mtailifestations' of respect as were due to their illustrious deeds, and which have- been: faithfully chronicled in -an eloquent; address deliverIed upon that occasion by~ our fellow-citizen, Wilson McCandless, Esq.'Among the prmnn ouesa-the Moorhead Mausoleum, the monuments of Messrs. Hogg, Brunot, Breading the military mnonument -to General Alexander Hays, those of A. Bradley, Rev. Charles Avery, James Wood, J. H. Shoenberger, Samuel W. Carr, and J. Painter. THE OFFICE BUILDING.'This building is located bet;we'en the two -entrance-gates, immediately inside the main entrance, with wbich it is connected by ani open arched colon'nade. ~-The style is the'pure, Gothic.' It is'con'structed'of stone and. brick. The finishing of the ro'oms doset.,i'f solid'w' Inut.;tAll surfaces of walls -are.'of dressed stone, backed- witli brick,; and all interior partitions are built,-of st-one.-- The building is two stories high, with a tower attached of five stories--the first stoiy fifteen feethg, MA the; second fourteen feet.' The first~ story contains an arched colonnade, teni feet wide by fifty feet long;, a'awaiting-room, twenty,by thirty feet, with a small ladies' dressino-roomn attached; the office, sixteen by twenty feet;.a stair-ball, fourteen feet ninle inches by,nineteen feet four inches, containing half-circular stairs, besides vestibules, fireproof vault, water-closets, etc.'Tbe'seconid story contains the managers''and- treasurer's rooms, twenty by thirty feet; the superintendent's office, sixteen by. twenty' feet, with.alatchd the stair-hall and' small. room in-' the' tow e"r:havingc windin6g stairs leading into the upper rooms of~ the'samne.' -; -':V-V-:The extreme height of th e tower is'elghty feett above the surface-of the ground, anld' its upper s tory'carries a signal-bell of fo`lur thousa'nd and' eet-w ounds, and in the story below the sam'e a" clockd'havinog four faces,-two -of:'which.a're illum inat d-.'''''-'':''' - -- -:: -- -; - X'-Thie arcade, consis'ts'of fiv'e arches,'and'has a groined arch ceiling; it is sup-, ported on piers with -columiis attached, and braced by ligfht. buttresses surmounted by ~pinniacles risin`o above the ortiamental arc'ade'cornic'e. The end of the arcade -is received a'gainst the proj ect-ing part' of the building containing the ge'neral office. -This part, the portion' of the building containing tho waiting and''managers'. rom?and the st ir-hll'are all carried up two stories,--ut not'of uniform heightsj'the' tower hig'aove them, the' ladies' dressing-room'oniy ne stry,'all clustered to formf a sky'-line' of pictu'resque appearance.-' The design and plans -were drawn by Mr. Moser, of the firm of Barr Moser, architects, of Pittsburgh. The stonework was executed by Messrs. John George Hinchcliff,, contractors in stone, Massillon, Ohio. THE RECEIVING-VAULT. -The mausoleum, or -receiving-vault, is a' great IacqLuisition to, the cemetery, -and no less an ornament to the grounds. Indeed, the want of a receiving-vault in the central part of the city is no longer regarded as an inconvenience. It is'designed in the Gothic style of architecture, with a front of fifty-five feet, and''thirty feet i-n heigrht.' -i X''''--''-':'' Its internal accommodations will.be ample for any emergency the city, with its present population, may' require, and is so constructed that at any time it ~can be enlarged -ad lib. Its'-arrangement: c'onsists of -a central h'all or corridor, twenty-five f'eet in length a-nd'nine feet in width, and on each side recesse's, fitted up with hermetically-closed cells, capable of containing six:ty cases. l n-~addition to this, there is a'-separate apartmen't for the accommo''dation of those dou'btful cases of decea'se which sometimes occur, where life seemns held susp'ended betweenl this and the"'futur'e world.''-''g- - -'The inside is arched and groined, anid m'ade as'secu re- as'the Kskill of ar'tisans can devise'.'The material used in its ctonstruction is a brown Freeport stone -of handsome r-etiring color,-and of great durability.~ -`;- -'0': - 0 - ORIGINAL CORPORATORS. Thomas': Bakewell, James'R. Spear, William Robinson Jr., John Freeman, E.W. Stephens, T. M. Howe, John Chislett, T. J. Bigham, William J. Totten, H. D. Sellers,'Fred Lorenz, Charles Avery, George Hogg, John H. Shoenberger, H. Childs, Jacob Painter John Bissell H. Sterling, A. M. Bryan, William Lippincott, Dr., William Kerr, E. D. Gazzam, R. S. Cassatt, William Eichbaum, F. G. Bailey, Harmar Denny R. C.Grier, George W. Jackson, Josiah King, Charles Brewer, W. McCandless, James S. Craft, George Ogden, Pollard McCormick, James Laughlin, Richard,-Biddle, John D. McCord, Robert Beer, Thomas Irwin, Nathaniel Holmes.. PRESENT CORPORATORS.; - Thomas M. Howe, John H. Shoenberger, Wilson McCandless, Dr. James R. 8peer, Thomas- J. Bigham, Jacob Painter, Robert Beer, Robert S. Cassatt, John D. McCord Jesse Carothers, William Holmes, Charles F. Spang, Charles Bradford, Alfred Culbertson, William Bagaley, J. K. Moorhead, James Park, Jr., Samuel Rea, William Thaw, Alexander Bradley, J. H. Lynch, James B. Murray, Francis Sellers, Henry W. Williams, John Chislett, Jr., George W. Cass, Charles Hays, Josiah King, John Harper, Springer Harbaugh, E. P. Jones, Charles, J. Clarke. BOARD OF MANAGERS. Thomas M. Howe, President; John. H. Shoenberger, Wilson McCandless J. K. Moorhead, William Thaw, Charles J. Clarke; James R. Speer, Secretary and Treasurer.' -\ THE GREAT FIRE -IN PITTSBURGH. 1845. - OnthelOt ofAprl, 845 a-fire broke out in the city of Pittsburgh, anda gfreat amount of- property was destroyed and- business badly prstrate-d. ~-After the' fire a meeting of-the sufferers was held on the 1'2th, a' memorial ~to the Legislature adopted, and Hon. Cornelius Darragh appointed to proceefwith it to the State capital.'On'arriving at Harrisburg, the papers were at once laid before the Governor, Francis R. Shunk, who, on Monday, the 14xth, laid before both branches of the Legislature a inessage, in which he ex:pressed his willingness to-concur-in any'measure which milght b'e adopted by them to ~aford relief. - At tAhe -same tinie, a bill was before:the'. House to, grant to' the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad the right of way into Pittsburgh, azand this was first taken up an'd postponed indefinitely by avtof fifty-five to thirty-three.- Then., the railroad busine6ss- tbeing disposed of, the Governor's -message was read, to'gether with:' the -'accompanying documents, and -Mr. Cooper, of Adams, introduced a' bill'for the r'elief of -the city of Pittsburgh,' which was' at once passed unanimously It'-was amonded in the Senate, and the I-ouse concurred in a portion of the amendments. It finally passed both houses, and was immfediatel'signed by the Governor. The substanee of the bill was an Appropriation-of ~fifty,thousand dollars for. the,relief of the sufferers, and the authorization of the~ return of unpaid State and County taxes in the First and Second Wards Qf Pittsburgh and the town of Kensington, and the provisionIi that no, taxes for State- and County should be assessed, upon said property for the years 1846-48:; that all-. persons who had be'en doing business in the, town of Kensinton, whose property had been destroyed,. should be released from, the paymeAt of all licenses of any kind fo r 1845, The, followin'g extract from -a statement made bv Messrs. C. Darragh and W. McCandless will show to-what extent the.city suffered:- - - -- "On Thursday? the 10th instant, at twelve o',clock at nooil a fire broke out in somie frame' buildin",s situate, on thle southea'st corner of, Ferrv Street., For two or-three weelks before, th-e weather had been -dry-0 and the winds -prevailed to.a ureat ex:tent. -At the time of the discovery of the- ire, the wind was blowing fresh from a few poiiits north--of -west.- In a very brief space of timfe.the flames had s-pread ~tbroug,hout the square and' communicated fire to oe o h opposite squares. The wind continued to increase, and~ with it the conflagration extended until it enveloped at least one-third. of the city in the tempest of- flame. The -fire extended alonog Ferry Street south to First -Street, consumin;g the whole square; it crossed from tbhe south, side of Thi-rd Street to, the north sides and burned that block with the exception of one or- two houses; it passed east on Market Street, and consumed more than one-half -the block betwe-en Third and Fourth Streets; it passed up Third Street to Diamond Alley, and. destroyed the larger -part of the block- between Fourth Street and Diamond Alley to the, base of Grant's Hill, and consumed all the buildins between Diamond Alley and the Monongahela River. Its eastern course was.only arrested when every house or;buildinU,, with few exceptions? was destro red. -It; passed from the city into Kensington and destroyecl thlat town..-.- The burnt district cornprised most of the large business houses. and many of the most valuable- factories. Intelligent. citizens estimated tlc e etent of the fire as covering;, at' least. one-third the,oWgraphical extent of the city alnd- two-thirds its value. The loss cannot fall, short of six: or-eight million dollars. The- bridgeoe the Monongahela wras entirely consumed. The magnificent hotel, erected at a vast es:ponse known as the Monongahela House, is a ruin; cotton-factories, ironwor-ks,-hotels, glass-works, and several churches ai-e.prostrated in the general desolation. It is estimnated that not Iless than eleven hundred houWses were destroyed, the.,greater jnumber of -which were buildingTs of a large and. superior kind..." - -; Durino, the fire, from its first discovery on Ferry Street, a great scarcity of water. prevailed, and the efforts of the firemen to check aild subdue the flamebs,were- unavailino, ai-d all Vthey.could do was to turn their: attention to, saving a few buildings on the outski'rts of thoe fire, and coiifininig the damage to as small a space as possible., As SOOii as the news.spread, relief began to come from every quarter,, and the amounts donated reacbed the sum of $19S SM3407 besides laro,e -oaios of provisions.-~and cltig.Teindividual losses in real estate rainHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 15 pany of persons sent out one Captain Nathaniel Turner, who purchased for thirty pounds sterling a large tract of land on both banks of the Delaware, and erected trading-houses, and planted a colony of fifty families upon it. These accounts are, however, received with much doubt. Jealousies had long existed between the Dutch and the New Englanders, and the latter had formed a plan in 1653 for driving the former from the continent. They applied to Cromwell for assistance, which, for some reason, was not given; but, under Charles the Second, the plan was carried into execution. On the 20th of March, 1664, the King granted to James, Duke of York, the territory occupied by the Dutch; and soon after Colonel Richard Nichols, and others, with three ships, carrying one hundred and thirty guns and a force of six hundred men, who were joined on their arrival by reinforcements from New England, appeared in the Bay of Manhattan (New York), and summoned the doughty Dutch Governor to surrender. To this formidable armament Stuyvesant could offer no effectual resistance, and, after several days of negotiation, in which he obtained tolerable terms, the Governor surrendered, and with Manhattan fell all the Dutch possessions. It was accomlplished without bloodshed, and,gradually the civil administration of affairs was transferred to the English. War between England and Holland followed, and in July, 1673, a Dutch squadron recaptured New York without opposition; but at the treaty of Westminster, in 1674, the Dutch gave it up to the English. Sir Edmund Andross was appointed Governor of the British territories in America, which position he held until 1681-82. In June, 1664, the Duke of York granted to John, Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret the province of New Jersey. Liberal laws were enacted, granting entire religious toleration, and immigration was invited. The province began to be settled rapidly, and numerous towns to spring up. Lord Berkeley, in 1675, sold his interests in the province to John Fenwick, in trust for Edward Byllinge. Both these men were members of the society founded by George Fox, and familiarly known as Quakers. Fenwick settled with his family, in the beginning of 1676, at a point called Oijitsessing or Hog Creek, now Salem. Troubles arose between Governor Andross and Fenwick concerning the latter's proprietary rights. Byllinge became involved pecuniarily, and conveyed his interests to William Penn, Gawen Lawrie, and Nicholas Lucas, in trust for his creditors. In June, 1677, a colony of about two hundred and fifty Quakers formed a settlement at a place wbich they called Beverly, afterwards Buellington, and which is now knowli as Burlinuton. It was in his character as one of the trustees of Byllinge that Penn be.came acquainted with the country on the west side of the Delaware' He formed the desig,n of founding a commnonwealth upon priniciples of perfect equality, or, at least, equality to all who acknowledged the Christian religion. Hlis father, Admiral Sir William Penn, was a favorite of the King (Charles the Second) and the Duke of York, on account of distinguished services against the Dutch, particularly for the part he took in the great naval battle fought June 3, 1664. He obtained a promise from the Duke, just before his death, to support and assist his son, a promise which the Duke redeemed by the assistance he rendered to the American scheme. Penn obtained a grant of a large tract of land in America, in consideration of a debt of sixteen thousand pounds due his father at his death. The charter bore date March 4, 1681. The inducements to the grant were declared in the charter to be the merits of Admiral Penn, the extension of the British Empire, and the conversion of the savage nations to civilized life and the Christian religion. The King, named the province Pennsylvania (Penn's wooded country), in opposition to the wishes of the proprietary, who desired to call it New Wales. The following boundaries were given by the charter: "On the east by the Delaware River from twelve miles distance northwards of Newcastle Town, unto the three and fortieth degree of northern latitude if the said river doth extend so far northward but if the said river shall not extend so far northward then by the said river so far as it doth extend; and from the head of the said river the eastern bounds are to be determined by a meridian line, to be drawn from the head of the said river unto the said forty-third degree. The said land to extend westward five degrees of longitude, to be computed from the eastern bounds; and the said lands to be bounded on the north by the three and fortieth degree of northern latitude, and on the south by a circle drawn at twelve miles distance from Newcastle,northward and westward, unto the beginning of the fortieth degree of northern latitude, and then by a straight line westward to the limits of longitude above men tioned." The grant was declared to the inhabitants within its borders by the King's CHAPTER III. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA-WILLIAM PENN-THE GREAT TREATY. ACCOUNTS of the earliest settlements in Pennsylvania are somewhat vague and uncertain, but it appears that the Dutch and Swedes made numerous voyages and attempted settlements at various points along the Delaware nearly simultaneously. In 1623 the Dutch West India Company sent out Cornelius Jacobse Mey, who visited the Delaware and erected a fortification, which he called Fort Nassau, at a point near the mouth of Timber Creek, on the east side of the river, a few miles below the City of Philadelphia, and very near the site of Red Bank. In 1630-31 De Vries found this work abandoned. He also founded a settlement at Lewis Creek (Hoerne Kill). In 1632, De Vries again visited the Delaware, and found his settlement destroyed. The Swedes are said to have made settlements on the Delaware in 1633, but they were probably abandoned or destroyed by the natives; and in 1633-34 there appears to have been no European remaining, in this region. From the latter date to 1638 no further attempt was made to colonize the shores of the Delaware. In 1637-38, Minuit, with a ship-of-war and a transport named the " Griphen," under the patronage of the court of Sweden, visited the Delaware. He made the acquaintance of the Indians, cultivated their good will, and eventually made a treaty with them, at which he purchased a strip of country extending from Cape Hinloop) or " Inlopen," along the west bank of the Delaware River to the Sandikans Falls, opposite the present City of Trenton. In 1638 he made a settlement and built a fort, which he called Christina, at a place called by the natives Hopohaccan, situated on the north side of a stream called Minquas or " Suspecough," near its mouth. Minuit died in his colony about 1641. John Printz made a settlement and built a fort on Tinicum Island,in 1642-43. He erected a fine dwellin, for himself and built a church. An English settlement was made at Oijitsessing, Asamocking, or " Hog Creek," now Salem, in New Jersey, in 1640 or 1641. At about the same time another colony of English settled on the Schuylkill; but they were soon after compelled to remove by the Dutch. In 1652, Joln Pappegoia succeeded Printz as Governor of the Swedish colony, and in 1654 he was succeeded by John Risingh. The Dutch and Swedes held the Delaware in common for some years. The Dutch built Fort Kasimer in 1651 on the present site of New Castle, Delaware. War broke out between the two nations, and in 1654 the Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam, the renowned Peter Stuyvesant, marched a force against the Swedish settlements on the Delaware,and compelled their surrender; thus bring,ing the whole region along, the two great rivers, Delaware and Hudson, with the country lying, b etween, under the dominion of the Netherlands. Their rule was of only short duration, for, in 1664, they were conquered in turn by the English. About the year 1648 a grant was made by James the First, of England, to Sir Edward Ploeyden of the greater part of the country lying, between New England and Maryland, which was erected into a province and county palatinate. The bounds of this grant were given as follows: " One thousand miles compass,of this most temperate, rich province,-for our south bound is Maryland's north bound, and beginning at Aquato, or the southernmost or first cape of Delaware Bay, in thirty-eight degrees and forty minutes, and so runneth by or through or including, Kent Isle, through Chesapeake Bay to Piscataway, including, the Falls of Potomac River, to the head or northernmost branch of that river, being above three hundred miles due west, and thence northward to the head of the Hudson River to the ocean sixty leagues, and thence to the ocean and isles, across Delaware Bay to the South Cape, fifty leagues; in all seven hundred and eighty miles. Then all Hudson River isles, Long Isle or Pamunke, and all isles within ten leagues of the said province being." These limits, it will be readily perceived, while ambiguous in the extreme, covered a vast region including the whole of the Dutch and Swedish settlements on the Hudson and Delaware Rivers. A company had been formed by Sir Edward* Ploeyden for the purpose of colonizing this grant, which was to be called New Albion. Agents were sent out, some of whom established themselves; and it is supposed that the Palatine himself, with several of his friends, retired from England durin- the Civil War, and sought an asylum in America. Forts were said to have been erected at various points and settlements made, but they were probably broken up by the Swedes and Dutch. It is also stated in " Trumbull's History of Connecticut," that, in 1640, a comWritten also Edmund. t Gordon's Early History of Pennsylvania. Gordon.fro $2 to$60000. The lieaviest loss was suffered by Messrs. Lyon, Shorb Crossan, ow ners of the " Monongahela House," they suffering, to the extent of $60,000. - Messrs. Lyon and Shorb also lost $15,000 on their; iron manufactory. Among the beavierz losers mayVbe mentioned.the Bank of the United States and the Merchants' Exchange, $20,000; John D. Davis, auctioneer, dwellins to the amount of $15,000; C. Ihmsen, glass-works, $17,000; McCurdy Loomis and Alexander McClurg, $10,000.each;, M. B. Rhey, Co., merchants, $13,000; these all in West or First Ward. In Second or South Ward, George Anschutz -lost $15 000; William Arthurs, $10,000.; George A. Bayard, $12,000; Thomas Bakewell, $18,000; James Crossan, " Monongahela House," $35,000; Mrs. Evans, $9800; W. Hays, $12,000; Jonas Kidd Co., $15,000; King Holmes, grocers, $17,000; Livingstone, Roggen Co., manuifacturers, $10,000 George Ogden, druggist,. $15,000; James.P. Stuart, $15,000; George Singer, ehair-malker, ES9500. J., W, Woodwell, cabinet-maker, $15,000; Williams Dilworth, grocers: $15,000; Western University, $12,000. James Woods, $20,000. In Kensington, the heaviest losers were Thomas Greenough, $2500; J. Freeman Co. ironmanufacturers, $18,000; Freeman Miller, $5800; S. W. Caskey, Pennsylvania Forge, $2000; J. Watt and M. Reilly each $1900; Samuel Leonard $1,500; R. Everson, $1400; and John Wallace, a farmer, $1000. The loss of life, for so great a conflagration was very slight. The losses of personal property were in many instances very large, sonie, individuals losing from $5000,to $200,000. Four Pittsburgh insurance companies went under after paying a small percentage of their losses. The total losses were $798,000; total insurance, about $,870,000. The number of applicants for relief was 1011.. Embers are said to, have fallen at Greensburg, in Westmoreland County, thirty-one miles avvay. A number of frame.buildings.are yet standing on Second Street that escaped the -fire. BIRMINGHAM. The original town of Birmingham was laid out by Dr. Nathaniel Bedford, in the fall of 1811. The doctor was from Birmingham, England, and. named the new town in hono'r of his.native'city He was a re-sident for some time of i Pittburgh, livin near the Allegheny River, just- below the, garrison, or Fort Fayette. He removed to Birmingham in 1814, where he lived until his death, March 21, 1818. Isaac and Oliver Ormsby Gregg laid out a town adjoining Birmingham runnin back from the river to' he foot of the hill,'in the spring'of 1812. A tract of.tein acres be'longing, to the Glass Company was also: siibdivided an'd Ilaid out about the same time. This and the Gregg plat were called Sydneyvi1le, undle,stoo'd to ~be for the.maiden nam-e of-the:wife~ of'one of the proprietors. This plat was afterwards consolidated with Birmingham. A compa ny was' formed. for the manufacture of glass in' 1811. Among,the prominent'memnbers of'the firmn were Frederick Wendt, Charles Ihmsen, Edward Ensell (father and son): Peter Haynes, and others. The works went into operation in the fall of 1812. This was:- about:- the- third or fourth establi'sbment for thSe manufaicture of glass in Allegheny County, that of O'Hara , Craig being the first,'starting in 1796,and Beelen Denny the.seco-nd,- about 1800. The-first actual settleri-in.the original town of Birmingham. was- James Patterson, wbo lived in a framea house (still standing, July, 1876), near the upper bridge. John Irwin, father, of Mr. James, Irwin, living on.Fifteenth, Street, came from Westmoreland County in February, 1810. His son James came with:the -fa'mily in May of the: samne year. -. Numerous additions and'subdivisions bave been m'ade fromn time to time by Patterson, Neely, Bausman, Kimmel, and others. The first bridge over the Monongahela was built at the foot of Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh', and opened in 181 8.* It was a wooden structure, constructedon the arch printciple, at a total cost of about one-hundred thousand dollars. -It was destroyed by the great fire of: 1845, and- the present iron suspension brid'ge erected in it8s place and opened in IS46. -(For a sketch of this work see the article, " BRIDGES, P. 135.) Th upper bridge was constructed -some years later. Dam No.. 1, of -the Monongahela Navigation Company's slack-water system, is situated opposite the foot of Eighteenth Street, in Birmingham. The town of Birmingham was erected into a borough by act of Assembly7, approved April 14, 182S.- The boro'ugh limits were extended by a subsequent act of March 30, 1835. An act p.assed April 27, 1855,' makes the northern uboundary of the borou,h the line of low water in the Monongahela River, and the openings of all streets thereon public-landingps. By'an act passed April 19 185Sj all the ground.-lying between the'northern line of Water Street and the low-water mark; of the Monongahela River, and betwee n McKee, or Tenth Street, and the eastern line of Birmingham, was made a public wharf or landing. An ordinance passed June 26, 1857, divides the borough into two election dsHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 140 tricts the portion lying west of Denman Street to be the First District, and that east of the same to be the Second District.. The Burgesses since May. 21, 1827, have been as follows: Edward Ensell, James Patterson, Sr., Aaron Sullivan, James Patterson, Jr., Samuel Hare, James Patterson, Sr., Samuel Hare, R. A. Bausman, C. Ihmsen, S. McKee,, John McKee,.Edward Ensell, Sr., Edward Ensell, William Beck, N. Patterson William Symmes,, N. Patterson, Isaac Banks,.William Synmmes, Job Wareham, William Symmes, N. Patterson, Isaac Banks, A. B.,Stevenson, James Salisbur, W. C. Aughinbaugh, James Salisbury, W. C. Aughinbaugh. Quite a number of the above served several terms each. Birmingham, along with the other South Side boroughs, was consolidated with the city of Pittsburgh by an act of the General Assembly, passed April 10, 1872. The actt-tooki effect January 1, 1873.. -. -. -.. The first menibers of the Councils were elected in October, 1872,-and were inimediately admuitted, but bad no voice until Jatnuary 1, i18.73. The South Side boroughs bad each its-separate police arrangeets, but at the union of the cities these were consolidated.Carson Street was named after a sea-captain living in' Philadelphia, -with whoim Dr. Bedford was acquainted.-...ALLEGHENY ARSENAL. On the 29th of April, 1814, the government purchased. thirty acres of land of William B. Foster, of Pitt Township, and at once began erecting buildings. By 1829 -the groun-ds were inclosed with massive s.tone walls. Smal.l, additions were afterwards purchased, and the amount of land now inclosed.,is about thirty-sis acres. No guns-were ever cast.in the ~arsenal.: The -articles m.anufactured-a're artillery-carriages, horse and infantry equipments, and ammunition. During.-the rebellion about twelve hundred bands were employed, and it was considered ione of the most important points belonging to the government at the time.. From. its establishment; till about 1868 the manufacture of the above-narne.d articles was e:xtensively carried on, and during the -war -millions of small-arm cartridges, bundreds of tbousands. of ca.nnon,.ammunition,..bundreds. of artillery-carriages, and thousands of infantry.and cavalry, equipmeuts were made and forwarded, to the army in all parts of the.field of -operations. No manufacturing -has been done since 1868. It is now a regular milita'ry, post,.under command of Major A. R. Buffington, and is used for storing. and.distributing.. A considerable naumber of guns-are stored here, also a large quantity of. ammunition. Among.tbe trophies are several bronze, pieces of British manufacture cast in 1747. The arsenal grounds are very-fine, and are kept,,in good order. DUQUESNE GRAYS. THEIR FIRST BATTLE REVIEWED, AND A PLAIN) UNVARNISHED STORY TOLD - ~~~THEREOF.-'We have made careful finquiries in reference to the correctiaess of an article that Ippeared in the columns of one of our local issues, headed, " The Duquesne Grays-Their First Battle." Of course, it could not be expected, that, after the lapse of forty yasprties not officially in control of the interests of the military organizations. referred. to would be able to.render perfect minutes of the occurrences of the "My Parade' of the year 1832... -.' It is proper to state that Major R.L. Baker, then commandant of the "Allegheny Arsenal,"' holding rank. and commissio,n oramte Government of the United States, would be powerl'ess to act under'a subsequent commnissio-n from. the State authorities, and would not be justified in case of conflict with a rebellious member of the. Grays or resisting offenses under the orders of misled recimental or brigade officers holding State, cornmlission, where the result might end in either assault or bodily injury. The maemibers of the company were all young, and to gratify a warm feeling for the major, and assure the success of their corps, gave him a unanimiou s call to the captaincy. Thus elected and commissioned, no note had ever been taken up until the Mayday attempted outrage, of the conflict of commissions, and it is history that neither the,officials of the "Bloody Eighty-seventh" Regiment, or the redoubtable majorof brigade, had ever discovered through their " field-glass" that a..quiet whisper from the lieutenant-commandant had secured the Major-Hero of 1812 fi-om the tend.er mercies of.a military court whatever Xmight have occurred. The facts stand thus: In the early spring of 1832, aware of the militia law requiring that all1 volunteer compa-nies unattached to a volunteer battalion. or regiment of volunteer's, should be given, place by the proper brigade inspector with the militia regiment withini *1819. Craig's. History of Pittsburgh.missions. " To save trouble, major, transfer the, couamand to me, that you may not be involved in whatever may result." The major at once saw the point an-d wise, caution, and acqjuiesced. "I will, however, go with you, and keep my sword sheathed." They were in line, fronting the west side of the square; the crowd of militia and followers pressed on the alignment, and, refusing- to give way, was met by an order to clear the front with bayonets. Two or three bayonet-wounds was the result, and had it not been for the commlandinog lieutenant tbrowinu aside the thrust of a bayonet in the hands of ~, a gentlemoan well knowvn would. not have been the venerable Justice of McClure Township in this Centennial year. To avoid bay oneting, an open sqLuare was at once formed, the men faced outward, and arms ordered at rest. Major and lieutenant in front of square. The militia, under command of Colonel Mackey, ocpigrund covered with- the refusemodern ammunition of brick-bat piles, twenty paces in front- with backs- toward Ohio Street. Brioade officer not having made his appearance, and no doubt wisely turning his face towards the peaceful shades of Robinson Township. Mackey, on his war-horse, in full military rig, rode iip towards Major Baker, and in no quivering lip or voice, co)nfrontin- him, and ordered him to "1 deliver up his sword." Major Baker promnptly respondino,',-The only way you can dishonor my sword will be by havin- it thrust through your body." With this sharp answer Mackey turned to his " men in buckram," who had gallantly crowded around him. Dismounting from his charger, he adva-nced quickly to the left-of Major Baker's position, and, with armi e:xtended as~ if to make a i)oIlcemlagi's arg est, was confronted by Commander McClintock at the prpe moment, li1e liaving mnade a side-step in rear of the -ulajor, throwinlg up the arm' of the colonel of.'the Eighty-seventh Reg,iment,. with the words, " Y-ou must arrest me first, sir!" Without accepting the condition, the colonel reached and -mounted his horse, when the regiment was ordered to "Arm with brickbats!" The words, "Load! Grays!" had passed the lips of the commandant, and were promptly responded to. After the' pointed and determined answer of Baker to the ridiculous demand for his sword, and his foiled attempt to dishonor the United States officer, a wellknown citizen advanced towards McClintock with every- appearance of peace and friendship, and as he neared and within reach made a -fierce grasp with both hands for his sabre', which, had it not been tightly held at point and hilt,, as -the result of the general exscitementj he would have wrenched it from his -grasp. McClintock released the point, and as quick as thought had his hand fastenied in his black neck-tie; a single twist projected the tongue beyond the lips, and thus disabled be was thrust from him, fallinog at a distance of ten paces.Recovering his feet ancl the use of his lunos, he made a courao,eous run for his uniformed antagonist, the latter giving his trusty blade an honest force which, with the power g;ained in the race, penetrated'a three-caped woolen coat, etc., and lodged between the fourth and'fifth ribs, without reaching either lung or heart. When retirinog he turned, and, with a preliminary adjecti've or two, he exclaimed, "McClintock, you have murdered me!" -The result of a court of investigation inaugurated by the militia applauded the conduct of the Grays, whilst a true bill for riot, etc., against the officers of the bloody Eighty-seventh was found. McClintock from his place on the right of Baker brought the square to an order arms, and gave direction to load; he having in a few moments of parley had the men supplied with marbles, knowing thev were with blaink cartridges for purposess of drill. The front side of the sqtuare, composed'of such men as John B. Guthrie, Robert M. Riddle, Ephraim Lloyd, and Robert McCullough, knowing that in such -a conflict as apprehended but a single chance would be given (then the bayonet), left their ramrods unreturned instead of the marbles, which at the distance could naot fail to prove effective. This was pouring, cold water on the courage of the " brick-bats, knowin-, that the first missile of that character thrown would h'ave been followed by the word "fire" from their lieutenant. The mob wavered and commnenced to fall back. McClintock ordered the music to the centre of -the's'q-Lare., direoting them to strike up Yankee Doodle, whilst the colors were raised and flaunted -to the-breeze by Sergeant Joseph Woodwell. The music-proved elect'ric, and the nex:t few moments the, inglorious crowd had passed away. I 141 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANtIA. the bounds of which the majority of the members of any unattached uniformed company may at the time reside, an effort was promnptly rnade by sending a draft of a supplement to the old law repealing that provision so far as the Grays were concerned, and directing the brigade officer to act accordingly. Brigade-Major McFarland had already issued his orders attaching the Grays to the Eighty-seventh Regiment, commanded by Colonel James Mackey; Adjutant, George Peters. Having watched the movement, at Harrisburg, and, urged the action of the Legislature through Colonel Mathias, of the Military Committee, with instructions that as soon as passed, a certified copy under the great seal of the State,should be at once pushed through the slow mail of the period, which was promptly,done, and came to hand a few days prior to the grancl review and inspection of mixed-armis of the celebrated Eighty-seventh. With the Broad seal in' hand, the "headquarters" of -the inspector's hotel on Fifth Avenue, opposite Hussey Co.'s copper warehouse, was visited, and the officer, having just dismounted from his horse. was in conversation with our -country friend, Major-General John Neil, of the South Side.' After the ordinary courtesies, the "1 certified copy" of the act, of independent inspection-was presented for his information, with a preliminary -word mnodestly put as to its purpose. His order had been issued,- the not unusual.fire' of -his eyes and face indicated a quick and imnpassioned answer, which was given, that he " would not countermand his published order." Interposing, it was sugetd that the, Grays did notprpse to avoid his right of inspection at their parade-ground, Fifth and Wood on the.-day, and at the- hour named in his regimental1 order. "Sir!- I will miaale no c ana,e iunless I receive orders from imy superior officer." Remarking- hat the broad seal of the Commonwealth, under- wbich the'name of George Wolff, Governor of Pennsylvania, and present commander-in-chief of the militia of the C ommonw'ealth,:has commanded it, and it would be difficult to reach.an superior officer within the State boundary.Then, turning to General -Neil, he was- requiested by McClintock to note the fact thsat, five d'ays'preceding the day named for inspection of the Grays,. this ".certified coy -f -an act of Assembly had been submitted to the brigade in-,spector.-- Inspecition day arrived. On consultation -with Major Baker it was concluded to -leave no -point of- courtesy or duty, neglected, and repaired at once to the inspection ground of the militia, selected on Liberty Street, at the junction of Sixth Avenue and Seventh Street, a'nd announced, to thebrigade major that the Duquesne Company ~was then ready, on -the. corner of Fifth and Wood Streets,- for inspection. He coolly and respectfully refused, and the, Duquesne officer promptly returned to his- quarters. The company was at once-pla'ced in military order, and the line of -route taken to Market and St. Clair Streets; fo r Allegheny Borough, where, after thorough drill, they were' marched to partake of an engaged dinner at a, tavern, near -the southwest corner of Allegheny Diamond. That, the Grays, did not lay themselves open to a charge of twitting the, militia officers or regiment by marching, past the- inspection ground,. to-which offense their after-outrage was attributed, is seen to be a grave error -not likely to have been.committed by Captain Baker or his, lieutenant-commandant, McClintock. In the midst of the enjoyment of the banquet, the lieutenant,, who had heard whisperings that the militia -would create mischief -by following to the Allegheny Commons and by some means effect a colsion-and -perhaps serious trouble- had allhissenesin a nomlsae.Catn to hear the cry, from boys outside, -"The militia are coming!" and as he cquietly arose from tho table, -heard the tap of the drum-Lthen seeing from the doorway, that the militia were really turning on -the corner of Federal at a quick steprin bis di-rection, called everJ -man to his place or ground,- on which thet arms and Icolors were stacked..The'militia, with the evident purpose of disgrtn; the conipa v, had intended to captunre the muskets and colors, which, with almost unpardonable neglect, were left without gnard to protect themn. They would possibly, have accomplished their purpose,, but the "cackle" of the boy -saved the dishoinor; -the Grays, some without caps and in shirt-sleeves, stood at their guns in. time. As, Major Baker and Lieutenant McClintock passed over the threshold, the latter suggested to him the apparent trouble, and -referred to the conflict of his- com~WITH:,STIT T 0N S ET'C T, C -:11-1 E.S P T C, I 11 CITY. G VERNMENT., CITY OF, ALLEGHENY. e -Allegheny laid' nde act ofth ffayor'O'Phillips. 'Th city f e General Ass bly 0 eg eny -was ou u r an em Cogil"ptlroller James Brown. assed September 11 17S7: Th'e'. tow'n lat'a' robably surveyed early in the p p W S p:lWasurer:. The, original, to far from' eight en.1undred -feet spring of 178S. wn was not'W. B. Rodgers.: square and was -surrounded 6n.'all''sides by a common ground containing in e City. Enghier Cbarles. Davis., r- d acres.''Thi'"'common groun was a narrow s rip on Siper-intendent of Water- Works. ic ond., thb south side of Ahe towii about two hundred and fifty feet wide on'the east n' t r e A n r n widtli"on the west Street Co-himis8ioner, Ealstern District'. - Nesmith. 4es-'aild ima ing fou te bu d ed eet. i'Sti-eet Contmdssioner,, Weste';,in''District. Alex. Ha-n-na. side. it o'riginall eluded th'e' present Penitentiary grounds, and also the. lands Assessor, 6f Watei. ReAts James Nichol., now occupied-'by the Western Theblogical Seminary' nd a ning propr City Assessor': Thomas Ward. The railways ha the base of the "Monument Hill." ve since been'granted the S. Clei-k of Markets D. Hasting ing'considerabl in the a gregat and leaving altogether right of w'ay througb,tak" 9n e) Chief Engiveer James E. Crow: i'n tbe' present -parks -about ei'ghty-four'acres.:-About the year 4860 the- narrow Superintendent Fre Alarm Telegraph G. W. Winn. SUP line'on the south side''of the original town was fenced in and sinoe then graduClerk Select Council.'' R. T. White. ally the whole commons" bave been changed from unsightly reaches of ouffh Clerk Common Council R. Dilworth. nd rren; groun'd'cov'r d with offal a'nd garbage, into'beautiful parks orna-'Clerk of Committees R. T White. mented 4ith walks:a'nd drive's shrubber'y and flowers, sparkling fountains' lake's Health Officer C. Hoch and fine statuary. Al'togefher the c y e most convenien ant par systems City Physican W. W. Cole, M.D. it has one of' th t and pleas k to be' found in the country, and her people bave a right, to feel'proud of it, wbile ORGANIZATION. AND MEMBERSHIP fhe: best of it: is thaf it has not overburdened the. tax-;payers. The bill in the SELECT COUNCIL. southern portion of the west park is susceptible of being madea most beautiful addition to the park_ systern. Its elevation above lo'wl water is about two hundred J. C. Patterson President. feet. Roland T. White Clerk. The'u'nsightly cutting, made originall'y to accomniodate the Seminary,'bastaken First Ward. Tbomas. M. Baine J.'E. McKelvey.. o th landscape'In m,uch from the, natural beauty of this once isi e f Second Ward. Simon Drum Alfred Slack. e rst I'A iti-gh Gazette iss e an article writt n for the fi umber.of the Pittsb' u d July 29, Third Ward. Huckestine, N,,H.'Voegtly 1786'Jud-'e Brackenrid-e speaks of this hill as an island IC remarkable for the Fourth Ward. James Callery J.T.- Patterson. number o An ant and ostly monument, W t e C f' ild urk ys which inhabit eleg Fifth Ward.--William Heagy,'James II. Lindsey. ho fell defe's'of their co't r dedicated'to the fou thousand brave men", w n n e un ry Sixth Ward.-John A. Cochran G.; M. D.' Knox. fro'm Allegheny County during the war of the Rebellion crowns the summit of M C. C. Hax. Seventh Ward. Willia. Eberhardt, ofterr c s and shrub this'hill at its ea tern extremity. B e bery the ole means a wh Eighth Ward.-Simon McRoberts, G. P. Wilhelm. b of this romantic spot could be con-verted into' a'most enchanting resort overlookNinth Ward.-David Davis Jr., Edward Sweeney. Ing as it does ities of Pittsburgh'ah d Alleubeny, with'their busy streets Tenth Ward.-Henry Kreiling Charles B. Welte. and the noble'rivers flowing at its feet. There are whisperings looking to the Eleventh Ward. C. H.- Hartman, Walton Woolsey, demolition of this Acro'polis and it may be that the grasping greed of traffic will eventuall level it with the' pi-ain; but a'far.'better way would be to beautify a'nd-. COMMON COUNCIL. y dr' Sp adorn it with bady ives and'cosy walks and arkling fountains, witli a te'mple President t a an and h nd there the glistening some J. 0. S. Golden, shaft of or two de' oted o: rt' science Robert Dilworth Clerk. worthy ineinory..1 town was exactly square containing one liundred lots, each sixty 9 First Ward. Tbomas Neely W. P. Bedell. The ori' ina Second Ward.-Samuel D. Sholes, James Hunter James Wilson, Archibald feet hundr d and' forty. Outside the "commons a ureat number of Alston. ts" were laid out which have long since 0,010 been th'ckly bu'lt up n, and covered C. Lingenfelter Raymond Mueller, J. L. Kerr he place was called Alle,heny T W 9 w y years Third ard.-A. W. Kredel ith a reat cit For man own, oppo9 Y. William Swindle. it site Pittsburgh. was incorporated into a borough by an act of the enera Fourth Ward.-Louis Moul Hiram Landis Hugh McGuire A. D. Arm- Assembly, passed April 14, 1828, and erected into P, city April 10, 1840, baving strong.. at the latter date a population of about ten thousand. Fifth Ward.-William C. Cooke, Leon Long. Sixth Ward.-George A. Cochran, L. P. Stone, Jolin Parkhill. MANCHESTER. Seventh Ward.-Anton Schmitt, G. K. Biber Frank Hopf. Eighth Ward.-Christian Klicker, Smith Walker. The town of Manchester was laid out in 1S32, by John Sampson, Dr. ArmNinth Ward.-Patrick Wall, John Hughes. strong, Robert Hall, Tbomas Hazelton, and Thomas Barlow. The last-nanied Tenth Ward.-J. 0. S. Golden George W. Snaman. -entleman was a nepbew of Hon. Joel Barlow, fornierl Uiiited States Minister ZI-1) Eleventh Ward.-Thomas B. Kerr, John Seiling. to the Court of France, and acted as his private secretary. The two gentlemen 142accompanied tbe. first Napoleon on his:celebr.ated. Russian campaign, as fiir as Poland, where the elder Barlow sickened and died, in the latter part of the year 1812.Manchester -and Duquesne' Borough were boith in orp'ratediit the city of Allegheny -'byan act passed ac 2 8 The''area' included witbin the presen't city limits is seven and thirty-four- on'e-hundredthls'sqaemls and h frontage alono' the- two- rivers, Ohio and Allegheny is S ix,an d 6n'e-h'alf miles8.'. -?The approxiinate population is''seventy-two thousand.. -'''''''''; The geographical -position of the city hall is -0iven as latitude 40~' 27' 4' north; loiiogituide- 80 0'`25" west frornm Greenwich, England, or about- tbree"degrees west from Washington. The number of m'iles of paved streets is sev eiit'yseven; the number of miles of se-we'rage is'twenty-fouraian Et half.''As'sessed valuation, abou't fifty-six: million dollars. The syTstem of,sewerage adopted.by the city,of Allegheny.may be. said,,. in some respects, to be'-original, and deserve-s speci'alnotice. The plan of taixation. adopted by Coun'cils a'ssumes; that there. are.! to -kindso benefits -rsn:from. the -construction of sewers,. -.asanitary.,bne', and a local one,.' arising from- increased value' given.the adjacent pr,operty.-. To al rive fat -the value- of this lo'cal -benefit, I as compared with the g'eneral one,'and to fix t-ie:rate. of assessment for'botb,.~it was con.sidered that th.e rate for.lo'cal. sew'ers,.should be, determnined-bby the cost, of.aX sewer reqLuired to draiii two.blocks of first-class houlses.':;.This, it was'-found, could be effected, taking. the bouse-waste and:. the''storrn-water fiallinog _on th-e area of', the two h-alf-blocks, on, each:side--,of the. Streetj by a fifteen-inch pipe, which:would cost, witli its'appuIrtenances.under ordinary cGircumstances,.about a; dollar and ninety cents.-or. two dollars. per front foot. iThis sum was -fixed for:.the special rate to be assessed on all property abutting on "the Iiine of sewers to'be..ostuted, for the reason that such proper.ty could.not get' the ~adv-antage of. hoie-lang fo:a.les cost: -thaii two dollars per front. oot...The. srnallest-sized pipe'. an'swerabe fifteen-inch..:.'..; -The' )mi eer r aid,.for in part,:.by'~a general.tax- on the manveer r raluation, and in part by a. special tax, affectinu only abuttinog property-,the latter~ oin-the front foot.. -.-:..... VWhere'the sevver costs over.:two_ dollars per-foot, it i's evident' tbat.it is usef'or otber than local purposes, and the excess in cost is paid by the city at large.- By a recent amendment to- the law, sewers over two feet in -diame'ter are styled "mrain sewers," and.others, aea.- -;:. - 0t -; The systemn of sewerage for.Allegheny has.been -adopted after.mature-deliber'ation..and a careful examinatimn:of the systems of such citie-s.-as Philadelphia,, New York, Brooklyn, and'. Chicago, the. two: latter of which.are- considered..as having. developed.and carried- out the best systems:'n the' United States.,.;.'The experience of,the bes't cities in Europ'e -has also been -carefully studied.' --'' *TheEcity is divided into four natural' draina e basins-by the.topogra.phy; of the ground; called Eastern, Middle, River, and Western Districts; comprising,: respeetively, eight hundred-,.six' hundred and ninety-eight, two hu'ndred -and thirty-t.wo, and five hundred and fifty-seven acres. Thle great bulk of. Ahe Eastern. District is mostly rug,ged, unim'proved pr opeirty..The Middle. District comprises, four'hundred.and.eiglhty-two- acres of imuproved.city-pro)perty, and:two hundred ~and sixteen of rough, billy lands, unimproved. The River District-. is', mostly co,mparatively -level, and nearly all improved city. property.;: The:Western District. shows great variet-y of surface, bein,.partly level;and finely i'mproved city property,.-and partly- ro.ugh:' and hilly, with; numerous ravines and valleys, an-d a ~large amount, of unimproved property. The plan of assessments -for the.rmaintenance of a~ general sewerage system is,original with:the gentlemen coiinected with -the.cit' government, and espoeciallyv Mr. Charles Davis kthe city -engineer..-::-..' -'.: -The location of. Allegheny is in ~ all. respects a fine o:ne.'Occupyi1n g, suibstan - tially, a g'ently-sloping.plain, lying: between the Ohio and Allegheny Rivcrs and the high bluffs to: the northward, theA.rai.nage system is, r may eailyb ae perfect. No malarial diseases are natural to this region- the triver banks rising boldly,'and. he intervening t.lands between the rivers and ~the- bluffs lying high and dry, admitting of no'flat or i-narshy grounds, as is the case in m-any: of the world's great cities.'.:.-..: The-f'ront of the city along the Allegheny and Ohio is in the' form.of a majestic convex curve? describing nearly a semicircle; and tbe line of river-bluff's..conforms substaiiti'ally. to that of the streamns, but approaches themn ne-arest.-at either extremity. of;the city. iThe bluff line is cut in numerous.places by streanis Vfrom the high.lands; the- largest of.I these being; Butcher's and: Wood's Runs' The great nmass of the city lies on the comnparatively level'groun-d at the foot of -the bluffs but -the hill-sides are traveirsed by numerous zigfzag and most picturesque roadas wndiDg gradually around the hills, which are covered vt cosy homes and shrubbery -elilbowered. cottages, peeping out quietly froml seqXuestered nooks, or lookiing grandly down from cornmanding siteXs upon the broadlyspreading city below. Both Allegheny and Pittsburgh are largely built of brick, m i I i I i I I HISTORY-:OF, -ALLEGHENY; COUNTY, P.ENNSY'LVANIA. 143 and have inore tlhe appearcance-of European cities than of American towns;;and the imm ense number of chimney-pots iriereases this appearance.- The bill-slop'es; are frequently -terraced, and.covered with vineya.rds and pleasant: gSardeus, adding an indescriba-ble charnl to the background of this beautiful and busy city. Crow.nint, the.prominent points are several cenieteries, the Observatory, numer-'ous.p~alatial- mansions, and one li.t.tle solitary chap-el, far up among, tbe wlhite headstones of a quiet grave-yard. In the eastern portion of the''city" is;' an, abrupt'el evation lcnow'n as Troy Hill which is,"the'cit'y reservi; achurch,' two ceeeries, an''or'ph-anasylum,'and many resid'ences.: CEMETERIES. Uniondale aild Bellevue Cemeteries are beautiFful. places, -adorn-ed- and s'haded by a great variety;of native.: a'nd -foreipn - forest-trees and- shirubbery, finely'laid- out with; wal'ks -aindi carriage-roa-ds, -and-:r6mlarka.ble for nmany'.prominent-and'costly gmonuments,-iamno` -which, are:; qu'ite- a large-l number'constructed ~of the- famous Aberdeen granite,- from Scotland.9- These Ice-ieterie;ccp,altogether some'-'thing like- one: bun dred -acres of gro-und, b-ein-, only second to " Allegheny Cemetery'-' in Pittsburgh in extent.- fThey'over'look~ an immlense regio.n up and down the Allegheny, Monongahela,and Ohio Rivers, a.nd have sufficient- variety of surface to please tChe eye'~an-d -lend-,a'charim to-the landscape.' Th.ey'xform. altogethert a -most bbautiful~ Necropois and' every succeeding' year will see' them imuproved and: adorned,'until they shall:take' r'ank' with the -most- noted~ cemeterie's inx the l:and.'In'additi6n'to' the prmnnt ons,'there ar ueru;othe restingplaces- of the dead in:v v'arious, parts' of the c-ityj eadch with -its own' peculiar charmas and attractions, amongy which are several German Catholic and Lutheran Cemeteries.'~'' -:'.When we 0co-nsider that a-t the beg-inining of the' p'resent centu'ry the site'- of Allegheny..was substantially'a WiliderDess, And that ras' late as'4812 only'a few settlers lhad made inroads and built their log cabins,'the'liange to the present comipact'and we'll -built city'of sev'enty-two thou"sand people' with:its'railways,- ~its -great manufactor'ies, its numerous, c.hurches, its'~splendid schools,'~asylums', and -co'stly mnions, is'te more wonderful',:illustrating 0 as it.'oes th.e indomnitable'perseverance'and restess energy of the'-races who' are -build'n eu get'cities throughout the length and breadth of the land. 5R:-- ''-The-city'.o'f Allegheny contains forty-e-ight ~churches, three theological fsominaries, one free-~public -library, ~twent y-two public -'schools,'siX,' select schlools,' one observatory (fifteen-inch equatorial telescope), two reformatory institutions, sevren asylums. Of industrial works' -there are ni-neteen tanneries, eighbteen breweries, twelve foundries,'nine, white-lead works,' three- flour-mills, seven'cotton-mills,:two m.alleable-iron'.. works, eig ht -machine-shops,: ten..cabinet and chair factories, five wagon --and'.carriage works, one.locomotive:~ works,'one nut: and -bolt works, two car-shops, tbree woolen-mlills, one wire works, one m'arble'works, one crucible tworks, on,e chemical works, one b'oil.er-shop,- on'e.cemnent pipe., works,two.glue ffactories, two linseed oil works,.~eight. saw.mills,:thr6eerailroad-shops, one gas works, ten cooper-shop)s, two coffin mnanufactories, two.,tobacco factories, five.chandler establishments, two enamiel-ware w,orks,-- oine'pottery,---fur r6lling,-niills, twelve planing-mills,,two plow,works, one axe and.shovel factory,.wo steel:works, one car-wheel'works, one:tube works, two salt wo-rk's,''one\bla'st furnace,'two agricultural and: tool.works, si:x oil -refineries. The altitude -of:~principal points- above the Ohio River, are' Hazlett Hill., si:x h'undred..feet.; Green Tree, six hundred anid.seventy'; City View, five.h-undred and thirty-five; Reineman, five.hundred; St. Mary's. Chapel, five hundred and fifteen;. Fort McKeever, four huiidred. and fiftynine;Toll Gate, Eleventh Ward,.two hundred and-fifty-five; Water Basin,fo line,--7two. hundred and eighteen; Monument Hill, two.hundred. Observatory, four.hundred and forty-seven; City Hall, seventy-eight. The appropriations for the past year'have been as followvs - Fire Department.............................,,..,,,,,............ $52,760.00 Streets.................................................. 40, 0 00.0 0 Police...........................................:.... 1. 47,123.50'0,Water-Works..................,...................... 50,000.00'Gas................................................. 20,000.00 Parks,.......,,.,.,........................................ 13,000.00 Total............................................ $222,883.50...' -The-valuation of property belonging to the city is: Miscella,neous.....................,............... $539,454.99 -X' Water-Department..............................1,135,100.00'Fire Departinent................................................ I.... 126,212.00 Public Parks.............................. I,.;.,.... I.................. 1,894)615.76 City Home Property............................,.,,,,,.,.,.,........,....... 295,442.29 Cash in Treasury.......................................... I..,...... 35,921.48 AC X Cash,in Compromise Sinking-fund...................... 89,641.30 Amou-nt in sinki-ng-fund redemption gold city bonds... s.... 927.75 " "' " " r' " ~~~~~~~water bonds,............................. 2,319.38 - Total assets......................................... $4,119,634.95 Deduct liabilities.........................,,,..................... 1,734,000.00 $2)385,634.95HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA. 144 ALLEGHENY PUBLIC SCHOOL LIBRARY.; This ins titution' is located in a very commodious and pleasant central room oin the seScond floor of the city hall- building. It is supported by the Board of School; Controllers, and, -is fr.ee to all citizens over twelve years of.,age. It has been in operation as a free library-about five years. It wa's formerly a mercantile library, but was transferred to,.the School Controllers December 15, 1871. At that time it containecl four thousand four bundr.ed volumes. Two thousand volumes have since been added, making the.-present number si:x thousand four hundred. The number of books circulated in 1872 was 16 500; in 1873, 27,500; in 1874, 38,500; in 1875, 50,006...'The' pesn Librarian is Mr. James W. Benney ALLEGHENY CITY HOME, FORMERLY CITY FARM..In accordance with an act of the General -Assembly approved April 9, 1844, Thomas Barnett, Henry Hannen, Robert S. Cassath, Thomas Farley, E. W. Stevens, Thomas H. Stewart, John Morrison, William Tate, and L. O. Reynolds were appointed, Commissioners to purchase a site within ten miles of the city of Allegheny, upon w hich were-.to be erected suitable buildings for the employment and support of the poor of said city....The Commissioners, on September. 23, 1844, purchased from John Sample, for eleven thousand eight hundred and Xfifty-six dollars, one huindred Iand sixty-four aqcres:an0 twenty~-eigbt perches of land?: situated in Shaler Township, Allegheny County, abo-ut: two miles ~from, the, city, at what is now known as Bennett Station, on the West Pennsylvania Railroad.. The work of ferectin'g the buldnswas at once commenced, uinder the supervision: of Messrs.'Moore- .-Walker, contractors,- and inmates' were admitted in February., 1 845.0. n.,accordailce with an, act. of Assembly, approved Arl 2 87 hsfr was surveyad: and lai out in building-lots in:June,- 1867.. The money received from the sale of the same was to be appropriated to the purchase of' a new farm, and the erection thereon of: suitable.bu:ildings fo-i -the support and employment of tbhe poor'..'-' The first public sale, of,the.16ts was.8-eptember 4,.1867j and the last sale August 1 1 1875. The amount realized from the sale of the lots' and buildings on ~the lst,of January,,1876,_was:two~ hu'ndred and ninety-two thousand: three'hundred and ninety-six dollars anid seventy-.tw.o-.cents ($292,3'96.72)) being sufficient for the purebase of the new',farnm and the erection of the b'uildings at, Claremont. The first ~Board: of Directors was.elected J'anuary 14, 1845, and -consisted of Thomas H. Stewart, Thomas Barnett, and Peter Beard. -The Board of Directors cosisted; of three memrbers, elected triennially, until an act:~ of A'sml,apoe April -1 G, I8'.70, changed.the numiber of members of.the B3oard to consist of one f.roma each-ward of the,city, to be elected for a term of two years by the citizens at. the reoular city election.....'' The Boar'leet for organization on the first Monday of February next ensuing th.eir election- aud holdS their- stated monthly meetings-at the office in: the city, on the.first Friday, of- each:mon-th.."..:The iiew farmn was purchlased from James T. Beatty, March 10, 1871, in accordance withlthe act of Assembly approved April12, l867.'It issituated'in O'Hara Township, Allegheny County, at Claremont Station, on the West Pennsylvania Railroad, nine miles from the city. It -consists of ni net-i ace.Te price paid.was six 1-1undred. doll-ars per acre,-amoul'iting to a total of fifty-seven thousand six hundred dollars, payable one-fourth down, the remainder in twenty years. The-work of erecting,the.buildin gs was commenced in June IS71 and they were oc.cupied July,29, 1873- although only partially' finished. The buildings were entirely c ompleted in December,:1873, and cost in round numbers two hundr'ed and t tenty-five thousand dollars..:; fThe.following des ription of the!Home'.' is by tbie Board of Public Charities,: i.n tiheir annual. report for, the -year: 1 873: -: The main buLilding is two hundrecl and eighty-si:x by forty-six feet,' with a corridor r.ubnring t-he, whole length; ten feet wide, with:east and west wingvs extending ~one- hundred and fifty feet-back by fifty feet wide. The.steward's~ house, connectecl zwith- main.-building d on tlhe Centre, is thirtyfive- by: fifty-t-wo feet,.and- contains a corridor int eachl story twelve foot wide, and a separate.stairway.:: In this section of the building' there are twelve -rooms, each t-wenty. by -,ixteen feet... - In the female, department of the. main -buildinlg there are three sitting-~rooms, eachl twenty7onle by fifteen.'feet;- thirty-nine fdori-itories, fifteen by eight feet. Tlle feiuale. wing:baSs.also, thirty-,one: family rooms, -each twenty-onc by fifteenl fet, twelve -large dopmitories, thi-ee walsh-roouis,-tliiree water-closets, th'ree bathrooms, and',.has a duinb-.waiter con:nectod wit;h each stolry, ad: a, ventilati-g istack Cash valuation of taxable property in the city:of Allegheny: Persona.l........................................... $1,054,645.00, Occpto...'''''' 7 3'14 630.00 Real est,ate.................................... 4.6651,536.00 -'$55,020,811.00 According, to the business returns in the Comptroller's office, there. are in the city two hu ndred and nine grocery estiablis-hments, seventy-one cigar establishments, and two hundred and seventy-six saloons. The total sales for the.year, in all branchXes of business, amnounted to' eighteen million' six: hundred and~thirteen t-housand one hu-ndred and sixty dollars. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The Fire Department of Allegheny is in very efficient condition. The department, as at present. organized, consists of. one chief engineer, one superintendent of fire-alarm telegraph, eight foremen, six en gineeris six stokers, seven drivers, twenty-six hosemen-divided into comnpanies, as follows: five enuine-cotuDanies, of seven -men each; one en inle.hook-and-ladder company, of ton rnen; two~ hosecomnpa-nies, of four men, each. The -engines are classed as first- and second-class, Amoskeag -eb s. Ther-e are thirt-y-eigh1t, (3S) mniles of fire-alarm telegr-aph.wire, and forty-n-ine (49) signal-boxes. (Report of 1875.)-.A new and useful feature, connected.with -the fire-alarm teleo,raph, has been added during thef past year by placing in each engine-house-and the Chief En-. gineer's office what -are: knlown as, talking c ircuit-s -or call-bells, by the use of whichV the Chief-Engineer-can hold comlmunication with any ~engine-house desirable. Tllere are at poresent twelve thouLsand feet of hose in use.in.the department. CITY HALL.'. This -buildino; is -situated in- tho northwest -corner of. theo- Diamnondj" fronting east on Federal Street. It is a -fine, substantial building, and cost, coimplete, ineluding the-west wing $.60,976.32. i--.. The-southeast portion of the building,.on, the ground floor, is occupied by thepost-.offi-ce, and. the centre room i;the second. story on.the Federal. Stre-et: front, is, occupied by the Allegheny Public School Library. -The remainder of the build-. ing s sd for., the various ci ty. institutions, ~and is commodious and well. arranged throughout. ~The -esplanado surrounding the building is~ tastefully laid out, and planted with shrubbery- A godlin, -substalitial -iron- fence incloses the whole, *;. ALLEGHENY. MARKET. The Commtissioners. created:by'.act of Assembly, fappr'oved April 5,-186-2, for the erection of a mnarket-house and city hall, were Samuel Riddle, WilliamWalker John Wright, and Joseph Kirkpatrick, together with.the Mayor of..the city for-the. tirne being.. - -.. - -.On.the 3-1st day of March, 186.3,'the market-house -being.:completed,r a publio sale took.place for t-he choice.of. stalls, stands, and store-room.. The premiums received at this sale amnounted to..............$21,978.00 The amount of premiums received during the year, was.........12,106.91 TotaJl amnount received in 1863........................$34,084.91 Total cost of Market-House,......................................... 29,669.88 -Excess of receipts. over. cost............... $4,415.03:'The- money invested in the market bulilding is very profitable to the''city. The market is the finest in the two cities, and the'display, of all1 kinds of eatables is really mnarvelous. The building is about two hundred feet square,'covering nearl-y an'acre, and is nicely fitted up'inside, and kept rsemarkably clean and neat. -It is-an honor fo the city, and a source of juist- pride- to'the citizens. GAS COMPANY. The pent Gas Company was formed in 1852, with' a -capital of'$600,000, aiid has been in successful op ration.since.': The numb er of miles of gas tmains laid in the eity- of Alleghenly ap roximates forty-five, ancl-the nu.imber of -street-lamps., in operationl is about one.th:ousand. on- account o-f';the abuiidance and consequent cheapness of coal, the gas supply of Allegheny and Pittsburgh is furnisbed at; a much, less rate than in mo,st of the large cities of the country. The ei'tize'ns.of Allegheny pay an average, of about one doll'ar and sixty cents per thou' sand feet', and the city is fuirnished at -one-hbalf -that- rate, O1' eighty cents per thou- sand feet..T he.e park pr Ipid' with burners, and a imore, beautiful sight can sca'reely be imagined tlh.an. a:view-of-the:city on a pleasant eveniing from the summnit of Seminary Hill. The valley below sparkles and gl7itters with myriad lights, and', risingu tier above tier, like seats ill ail am-phitheatre, the long lines of lamps -shiminier upon tlhe surrounding, hill-sides, until the stranger is, aliluost led to believe I-e is gazing upon the stalrr heavens, the illusion is so comuplete.proclamation, April 2, 1681, in which he commanded them to pay due obedience to the proprietary, his heirs, assigns, and agents. Penn soon after published an account of his province, with the charter and other documents, and invited purchasers at the rate of forty shillings the hundred acres, subject to a quit-rent of one shilling per annum forever. Two ships from London and one from Bristol, with emigrants, soon after sailed for America. One of the London ships, the "Amity," was driven by adverse winds to the West Indies, and did not reach the Delaware until the followinc, spring. The others arrived safely, and landed their passengers towards the close of the year. At this time, December, 1681, the population was about two thousand, principally Quakers and Swedes, each of whom had three houses of public worship. This magnificent domain comprised the present State of Pennsylvania, containing about forty-six thousand square miles, and having, by the United States census of 1870, a population of 3,521,791. Penn left England, in company with many Friends, in September, and landed at New Castle on the 24th of October, 1682, where he was received with every demonstration of pleasure and respect. He convened the Assembly on the 4th of December, during whose session tbree imp.ortant laws were passed, to wit: l. An act for a union of the province and territories; 2, a naturalization act; 3, a general system of jurisprudence. Religious toleration was secured to all who believed in a deity, but a belief in Christianity was made a pre-requisite to holding office. The people were commanded to observe the first day of the week as Lord's day. Swvearing and blasphemy were punished by fine and imprisonment. Personal liberty was respected. The judiciary power was vested in a supreme court, sitting quarterly, a court of common pleas, held monthly, and a court of quarter sessions and jail delivery. The mischievous Enlish law of promogeniture was rejected. Property was made devisable by will with two witnesses, and in case of intestacy was distributed among the children. In case of issue, only one-half the property was subject to execution. A property qualification was required for the exercise of the rights of franchise. Crimes were severely punished. Assault of parents and disrespect of persons in authority were punishable by fine and imprisonment. Marriage was made a civil contract. Plays and games were prohibited, and made punishable by fine and imprisonment. The laws were to be printed and published, and taught in the schools.* The celebrated council with the Indians was held under the spreading branches of a great elm, in what is now Kensington, a northeastern suburb of Philadelphia, on the l4th of December, 1682. The treaty which the contracting, parties entered into was a just and equitable one, remarkable for the spirit of conciliation which it taught, and the equality of all men which it acknowleded. The celebrated Voltaire said, "This was the only treaty entered into between these people and the Christians which was not ratified by an oath. and which was never broken." The Indian name for the location where the city of Philadelphia stands Was Coaquannock, or Coaquenaki. Penn remained in the colony until June 12, 1684, when he sailed for England. At the time of his departure the province and territories contained a population of seven thousand, two thousand five hundred of whom resided in Pliiladelpbia. Cliarles the Sccorld, of En-,land, died February 6;, 16S4, and was succeeded by tlle Duke of York, uDder tlle title of Janmes the Second. In 1688, a revolution di-ove hii-i froin the tlironc. This cliainte in the government destroyed all Penn's influence at court. He fell under suspicioD, and was brou-ht before the Pi-ivy Council at tlhree different times to answver a char-,e of coDspirin;- to restore James to the throne, but was fitially dischar0ted. Heartily tired of these difficultieys, lie resolved to ret,urn to America. He was -yra-anted a convoy by the government, and, at the bead of about five hundred ellini-rants) was preparing to sail, whlen DleWtroubles overtook him. One Geor,,e Keith, a nativTe of Scotland and for many years a zealous member of the society of Fi-iends, had rendered Ihimself obnoxious to tliem, and had been expelled froom their body. A schismn followed, and Keith's adherents becarne quite nuinerous and stiirred up dissensionls and di.scord. KVeith eventually abandoned the Friends, took orders in the Established Churcl, and came to America as a missionary, where he died some years afterwards. Out of this sedition grew many difficulties which in the end had nearly cost Penn his province. In fact, William and Mary, who had succeeded James, stripped him of his authority, and placed Benjamin Fletcher, Governor-General of New York, over Pennsylvania on the 19th of April, 1693". War was then raging between England and France and had extended to the Colonies. Schenectady, in New York, Salmon Falls, in New Hampshire, and the settlements at HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 16 Casco Bay, were taken by bodies of French and Indians, in 1690, and their inhabitants killed or carried into captivity. Desolation and ruin stared the Colonies in the face from the St. Lawrence to the Carolinas. At this juncture a strong effort was made to unite the Colonies in a general system of defense, and Governor Fletcher called upon Pennsylvania for her proportion of the subsidy which was bein-, raised to propitiate the Six Nations, and thereby attach them to the English interest. A long discussion, producing serious complications, ensued between the Assembly and Governor Fletcher, ending in a dissolution of that body. Penn was, finally restored to all his rights by letters patent issued in August, 1694. The war ended by the treaty of Ryswick, in 1697. Penn having finally surmounted all difficulties, sailed from England with his wifet and family, in August, 1699, and arrived in the Delaware on the last day of November following, with the intention of spending the remainder of his years in America. But in the midst of his labors he received intelligence which compelled his return to England. He again departed on the lst of November, 1701, arriving, at. Portsmouth in December. An attempt had been made to influence the King, and Parliament to purchase the proprietary rights in America, but the presence of Penn was sufficient to arrest the movement, and he and his successors remained in peaceable possession until the occurrence of the American Revolution, when all their rights and property were confiscated, excepting in cases of manors granted or sold and occupied by other parties. William Penn died at Rushcomb, in Buckinghamshire, England, on the 30th. of July, 1718, aged seventy-four years. The city of Philadelphia was laid out by Penn late in 1682. The original plat was one mile wide on the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, and two miles long, from river to river. During, the first year about eighty buildings were erected, various, mechanical arts established, and a profitable trade opened with the Indians. Penn. chose for his residence or manor a spot about twenty-five miles above the city, on the Delaware, where he built a large brick mansion, having an extensive hall for holding conferences with his Indian friends. This place be named Pennsbury. When Penn finally left his colony it was in a highly prosperous condition, Philadelphia contained three hundred houses, and had a population of two thousand five hundred. Quite an extensive trade had been opened with the West Indies, with South America, and even with the nations along the Mediterranean Sea, but the profits of this trade were largely monopolized in England. CH APTER IV. -MOVEMENTS OF THE FRENCH ON THE LAKES AND THE OHIO-NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE SIX NATIONS-THE OHIO COMPANY-WASHINGTON'S MISSIONCHRISTOPIIER GIST. THE French began to visit the head-waters of the Ohio probably as early as 17 39. Detroit was founded by them in 1700-1, and a great military road was constructed from that point to the Ohio in 1739. They called the river " La Belle Riviere, " and it was known among, some of the Indian tribes as Oua-bouski-gou. French voyageurs and explorers had undoubtedly been familiar with Lake Erie since the early discoveries of La Salle, and probably had established trading-houses and erected fortifications at various points, from Niagara to their settlements on Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River. As early as 1690 they bad a trading-post at the head of Lake Erie, on the Maumee, called by them "River a la Roche." The " Poste Vincennes," on the Wabash, about forty miles above its mouth, was founded very early, 1711-12,and minor stations were located at various points on those streams. Fort Niagara was permanently built in 1726, and it is claimed by some writers that La Salle erected a stockade at the foot of the big island in the Maumee about 1680. According to colonial records, the French had established trading,houses on the Ohio, against the remonstrances of the Indians, as early as 1730-32. This statement was also attested by the Six Nations at a conference held at Philadelphia at about that date. The war which broke out between Great Britain -and Spain, in 1739, was mostly confined to the West Indies, on the Western Continient, but the war which began in 1744 between France and England was severely felt in the Colonies. Under a proclamation of Governor Thomas, aided very much by the labors of t His second wife. His first wife died in 1693. Gordon.145 wbiclh extends above the roof, iinto which, by a galvaniz,ed iron cornice, are ~conducted the flues froim the dorsmitories in each story. The male win- is substantially the same as th.e femnale wing, with the exception of the sitting-rooms, which are of larger size. There is a dust-flue or shitGte coniected with'all the stories, and running dowvn into the cellar in both wings. ~The physician has two rooms fif'teen by eiglht,een feet eacll, connect;e.d with- a hall from, outside the main- building..The attic ove.r thle main.building,~ east and ws,is, finished.in the -best manner, and lighted with -dorrmer windows.. -The central -building,is com,p,osed.of,a dini,ng-room.and,two,pantriesj wVith a hall:lead4iDg into the kitchen between them. The chapel is over the dining,irooi, with laundry and b'ake-house in: rear oftekthl.Al hs apartinents;are large.an.spacio,us, and fin-ished in the' best. manner.. --.;: The insane department'is situLated over-the laun:dry and-bake-ho.use, in,the rear of the chapel. The entrance to it is by a liall, seven- feet. wideo. It -cont,ains twe nty-$i arots, with separate water-closets,:bath-ro.onmsj and. dining.7rooms. for male an fenals,.with -elevators from fthe kitchen for each. The -whonle build'n is warmed by steam, direct and indirect,-radiation.. There, are,;seven separate flights of, stai.rs to eac'h story. The- heights,,of-.the diff,erent stories, commendcing with first. floor, are respectively thirteen., twelve,.and, eleven feet. This cap'acious~ and we]1-plannled structure is erected oni a commanding site about oe hundred and fifty feet-from the railroad.- Few, i.f' any, f'of. its class in the State can comnpare with it in point of maginitud.e and perfection of all its parts. It is fur'nished' throughout with gas. --:'..Its'7accommodating capacit,y is from five bundred to seven hund.re.d. It is supplied -with wa'ter from the AlIeg,heny River. During,the ye,ar I875 there was.an averag,e numtber of two- hundred- and fifty-two persons~ sulpported,'of whom fortyeioght were insane. -,.The total expenditure for 1875. was.ffty thousand,six, hundred and fifty-nline dollars an'd seventy--twfocents, thirty-se-ven thousand one.e:hundred and forty-five dollars and three:cents, beinog for outdoor relief in the city. The ta'x levied-in 1,875 -was one qnill on the dollar. of the assessed valuation of the cityj which was fifty-six million fif-tv-six thousand two hundred and fifty-seven dollars,.'. -, -The following are the; members of the B3oard, and the officerm:for ~the; year 1 87 6 MEMBERS.,First Ward,- Joseph F. Neely; Second- Ward, Abraham Dickson.; Thii-d TVard, Wm. Walker.; Foursth Ward,,Leonard Walter; Fijfth, Ward, James R. Reed; Sixth 1 Ward, Wm. F. Trimble; Seventh W,ardc, Martin Ley Eighth WardX David F. Jackson; Ninth Ward, E. N. Riggs, M.D.; Tenth, Wai d, John Q. Workman; Eleventh Ward, John Seiling.,' OFFICERS. - -; Pr esident, Joseph F. Neely; Secr etary, Abraham Dickson; Clerk, Robert D. McGonnigle;- Steward, T.F., Grubbs; Physcian, Dr.' B.B. Smith. HOME'FOR THE FRIENDLESS.:'''' The following sketch is condensed frorn an article published in,the daily papers of June -2, 1876, on the occasion of the: cele,bratio,n of the fifteenth anniversary of the-,'Home":: This institution was organized,,on,the 26th of February, 18.6-1 by a-,few of the -ladies of the "Pittsburgh and Allegheny Relief Society,", who -formed an association for the.purpose of establishing a home f'or children wh,o could not be admitted i ntof the Orphans' Asylum whose S sit,uations are often more distre'ssing than those deprived of father and mother; also to provide a temlporary hoime for women of good character, out of situations. A suitable building was procured, at -a rental of four -hundred dollars per annurn, rand opened i,n May of that year-with three inm,ates. -From year to,.year, the Managers bave labored with untiring energy, surmountingy all difficulties, until at present they have an inco,me of nine hundred and forty dollars-fromn the endowmnent fund-and buildings, valuLed at about forty thousand dollars, capable of accommodating from one hundred to o-ne hundred and twenty children, and they feel richly rewarded by already seeing some of the good resulting from the work. The-year just ended has beenl filled with anxieties and-~perplexities. The depressio,n of business. arid. cha nges caused by financial troubles have rendered, it difficult if not imnpossible, nmn instances, to make,collections, while at the same time there have been unusual demands upon the incoine, incidental to the g;radinlg and paving oft' Church Avenue.,-. Ms. Neel -fomer Matron of the institution, and Mrs. Thompson have both died within-the year. The num-ber of children nlow in the Honie is eighty. During the:year eigbtytwo have been admnitted and sevent.y-four dismissed.'Some lhave beenl remnoved by p?arents anid friends, aind somie have been provided with good homes by the commlittee. A few have beenl removed t,o " Passavant's Home," and a,still smnaller number, to- "Passavant's Child's Hospital. " -A new and handsome front f6ene has been donated by Messrs. Lewis, Oliver Phillips, and the, grou,nds' have. been very'much improved by the generosi'ty oft Mr. John McCreery.. -. X Th:e. Treasu,rer, Mrs. Mary D. Agnew,: re.ports re'eip'ts from xall sources'a tr thousa,nd one hundred,and forty-four dolla,rs and,sixty-two ceuts, of w.hich a halance of.-two thousand ~one hundred a,nd: biuhty dollars, and, seventy-nine cents.remainisin tlxe tr.easurv....;... -...' X.. -..The following office~rs-were elected for.the en'suing year:.. Pres-,ident, Mrs.H. P. Schartz; Vice-President, Mrs,. Robert McKnight.Treasurer, Mrs. C. I. Agnew;; Secretary, Mrs., J. B. Herron.. ....:.The institution is lctdner.ieonrof Washington Street and Church Avenue.: i- -',' -''.PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY,PROTESTANT ORPHAN. ASYLUM One of the most conifortlable a.nd.home-like institutions in the city of All-e gheny is the "Pittsburgh and Allegheny Protestant Orphan Asylum," located on the corner of Grant and Ridge Avenues. Oli the 17th of April, 18232, a meeting wvas held in -the old Presbyterian church, Pittsburgh, at which the " Orphan Asyum Society, of Pittsburgh and Allegheny was organized, and on the 27th of Juiie following a bouse was opened onl Montgomery Avenue, Allegheny, and two orphan cliildren were admitted to the "Home" as a beginnino, since which'time-over two thousand l-lave been received and, sheltered..In, Septemb.ex followingS three- lit,tle girls were in-dentured to the Asylurn, and the record shows that the'y,faithfully served their time, and became respectable and worthy women...: The " Orphan Asylum Society of Pittsburgh and Allegheny" was~ incorporated by an -act of Ass embl aprved March 20, 1834. The first -Board of Managers unde'r thlis act was as follows: Elizabeth,F. Denny, Anna Halsey, Mary Robinson, Mary B. Herron, Elizabeth Tiernan, Mary Wilkins, Marion Young, Margaret George, Margaret Bruce, Hannah Higby, Elizabeth P. Halsey, Mary A. S. Baird, Susan K. Wade, and Isabella Simpson. Under this act every femnale paying into the treasury one dollar annually beceame a mnember so long as the subscription was continued, and every female paying,fifty dollars became a life-member. The grounds and buildiDgs were e:xempted from taxation so long as used by the society. This act limited the, income to: eight thousand dollars annually. A supplementary act, passed March 12, 1866, fixed the annual incom-e at twenty-five thousand dollars.-.On. the 20th of Ma,rch, 1872, an act, was passed ch-anging the name.to the "Protestant Orphan Asylum of Pittsburgh and Allegheny." Under this act the following-named persons were constituted a Board. of Managers: Mrs. Elizabeth F.Denny,..Mrs. Mary Wilkins, Mrs. Mary J. Hays, Mrs. H. B. Logan, Mrs. Mary H. Brunot, Mrs. J. E. Childs, Mrs.. H. W. Heath,.Mrs. Letitia Holmes, Mrs. J. F. Jennings, Mrs. A. C. Kay, Mrs. W. Van Kirk, Mrs. Lois J. Campbell, Miss M. H. Smith, Miss H. S. Lothrop, Mrs. J. Verner, Miss E. P. Albree, and Mrs. E. Fawcett, and such other persons as,the said board shall from -time - to tiime elect to fill-vacancies, so that the said board shall always consist of eighteen miembers, ten of whom shall constitute a quorum..The splendid buildings at.present. occupied b,y the institution were com-pleted about 1866. They are beautifully located, fron-ting on Ridge Avenue,-and,have a,larg,e capacity. The institution is purely a benevoleint one, and is suipported by the contributions of those friendly to its.excellent subjects. Among- tlhose who have contributed t,o.the neces.sities of the institiition are the followin-: A donation of one thousand dollars froml Mrs. Mowry,) and a leg,acy -of stock and a farm in Mercer County fro'm Mr. James McAuley which latter was,sold in 1$712, netting, two thousand ni.ne:hundred and fifty dollars; by Mr. Jolin Reddick, a quit-claiin deed of two.hundred and fifty. feet by one hundred fet on Ridge Avenue,, thus freeing, the institution from debt and incumbrance; from. Messrs. McKnight, Hogg Childs, balaiice of the " Fortification Fund," seveii hundred and sevenity-eight dollars and ninety-eight cents.; from.the estate of, Thomas Hall, of Allegheny, legacy of four hundred and seventy-five- dollars; from the estate of Charles Brewer, fifty-two thousand five hundred dollars; -legacy from estate of J. R. Weldin, three hundred. dollars; bequest.of James Frazier. deceased, five hundred dollars; from. estate of Thomas Hartford, two thousand dollars. Over two huDdred and thirty soldiers.' oplhans have been cared for sinc h war. For these the State has arnnually. appropriated an average Xfor each of -one hundred and two dollars and fifty cents, an,d the total received' fro m the State..for,tbe support of. soldiers'. orphans has amounted to (up. to 1.8715) seventy-eight thousand nine hundred and, tweinty-seven dollals an ot-five censThle expenditur-es for 187 0-7 1- w-ei-e'twenlty thousand and sixty-nine do'llars, and twventy-onle cents; for:L871-72, seventeen thousalnd three hunclred and seventytlhree dollars anld.Torty-six, cents;- for 1872-73, twenty thousand'seven hundred and tbirteen dollars and' fifty-one cents; for 1873-44, twenty thousand five hundred and ninety dollars and sixty-four -cents; for IS74-75, forty-eight' thousand five hundr-ed- and ninety-ninle dollars and fifteen cents. This: latter statement icue ail investment of thirty-five thousand dollars.X'The income of the inistitution is steadily incre'asi ng, an'd a~ gre'at amouant of g'ood is resulting from' its influlence in the c ommtunity.'Over two thousand orphan children lha~ve been cared for and:~ train-ed up'in~ the paths'of rectitude, and v'ery many of them furnished with good bomes and profitable situations, who might otberwise have becom'e:inmates. of: refo'rm -schools; and prisons.~ EThe number-of inmates June I - 1876 - was about'one hundred and eighty-.;:- 0 -t The following is a list of the Board of Managers for May',: 1875,, the latest report we have been able' to;-obtain:, Mrs. Mary J. Hays Mrs. Mary Childs, Mrs. Letitia Holmes, Mrs. W. Van Kirk, Miss H. S. Lothrop, Miss Amelia Verner, Mrs. Mary A. Murray, Mrs. Robert McKnight, Mrs. Samuel Lowrie, Mrs. Mary H. Brunot, Mrs. H. P. Heath, Mrs. A. C. Kay, Miss Jane Holmes, Miss E. P. Albree, Mrs James Speer, Miss S. Garrison, Mrs. Louisa Patterson, Mrs. Mullins. Mrs. Elizabeth F. Denny. President. Vice-President. Mrs. Mary Wilkins. Treasurer. Mrs. H. B. Logan. Secretary.- Mrs. Lois J. Campbell. THE ALLEGHENY OBSERVATORY. -This institution was fo'unded in 1860, by the' su'bscription's, of citiz'en's" induced: to promnote th-e' undertaking. b y' the- exertio'ns of- Mr. L. Bradley',- to whom'' ~the inception of public interest in the plan was due.'A -b'uildiDg was'erected'and a large equa'torial telescope procuredy wben pecu'niary difficulties -arose- to' hinder imime'diate further- progress. In 1860, the donatioii o'f a large sumi by William Thaw, Esq., of Pittsburgh,' witli aid-from -other's, freed'the nascent Observatory fromn debt'a0ind fuirnished:nleans~'for a; -patial endowmet, hs'ic)esol supply~ its Smore urge'nt future'current need. At tesme timeteoiia cofitribut6rs were' itidiuced at' the' solicitatioln of Dr. G. Woods, to co'nvey -tbeir title in-the; p'roperty to the tru-stees of th'e Western University of Pennsylvania, -coildition'ally upo'n this prpryben restr c e'd'o te specific'use-'of the- Observatory, - and on t-eth'e' appointmen't a'nd maintenance of ani observer.'In-ione quence of this'chan'ge the' trustees invited Professor S. P. Langley to assuime tlhe offi ce of'Director',:butit was'not unti Sl69'that' the eq'iiipmen'twas iin such a state of forwardness as to permit systemaltic observation, suich as;'has sin.c e'b een unin'terru'ptedly mai'in'aiined.'It'i's-.proper- t~ostate that th'e'very considerable' means for tbis equipment, procuiied b'y Professor Langley, were also due -chiefly to'the' generous donor'who'se'name has' just b'een-mentioned.'''-'"-'''''''' The Observatory is situated on the'high g'round jus't north'of Pittsburgh, about four hunldre'd and''forty-seven feet abov'e the, Ohio River,anelvnhdrdft above;tbe sea.' Thie building, one hundr'ed'and. four feet-,in' len'gth,' consists of'a.........~~~~~~~~~Z principal story and a bas'ement, and the fagade looking toward the south is distributed in a central part,- covered by a revolvin'g dome'an'd two wi ngs.-':lenea'th the doine is t he'principal instrument, the equatori'al of thirteen in'ch'es aperture (with an excellent, objective- by Clarke) with hour circle'reading''to seonds of time' declination~'circle reading' to-'ten" second adcok-mv en controlled ~by Bond's syste'm. -The instru m-ent has'also a-'position filar mic'rom'eter, polarizing sol'ar -'eye-piece, spectroscope,' a'nd othe'r access6ries. -The' internal diameter'of'the' rotatin'g dome is tbirty-four'feet. 0 In the western win-, is- the tiransit-room, con'taining- an instrum'ent'of four-inch aperIture by Simms, a st'andard- barometer by Green, the-'sidereal clock by Frodsham, and the, principal mean t-inie clocek' by Howard, Both clockcs,as- well as the observer at th'e meridian in'strument'o6r the equatorial, ca.n' be'placed in electric, con' nectionl'with the rest of the buLildino, atid a'lso with the lines of telegraph conneeting- the Observatory with the city, so that beacits of the, c' kls can't a few n oiore,ts' liotice retansmited to'any'part of tll'e couiitr;'toeo'te siereal eloe fo the determin'atioii -of Iongi tude', ailed those of'the mrean time clock'for'supplying time to near~ or distant cities- and ~to railroads. - In the small hall conlnecting' this room with the dome is ordi'narily mounted the reflecting galvanometer, used'in differentical mieasurements of solar heat,-in con-, nection with the equLatorial.' Fromi this hall access is calso bad to the: self-re,istering adoter thermometers. Inth eatwn,i h omctininlg the chronograph-, various piece's of electric apparatus', a tbird clock, and-'chronometers. The rooms beyo nd consist of- a, study and sleeping-room forh'us ofte bser'er.' The equatorial has'-been and colntinue's to beb eim-ployed inmaueme'nts of double stars and planetatry' observations,-but~ its- most systematic, use is, at pr'esen't, HISTORY ~-OF ALLEGHENY -~ COUNTY,: PENNSYLVAIN-71A 1L46in the study:-of the su.n. D rawings'of the'-sun liave beeni made for the past five years, and are at present executed daily.on a scale of eight inches to the.; solar diameter,'during the: pre, paration'. for solar photography, which'will~ soon. be comlplete.FSor this purpose a third lens has -recently beeii provided, to be placed immedia'tely before the a'nterior leiis of the thirteen-inch achromatic objective, as this coimbination (adopted at the suggestion of Mr. Rutherford) brings the actinic rays sharply to focus while dispersing the'visual ones, ~at thle same- time that-the in.strument is at once restored to its normal condition by/ removing the supp'lementary lens' which:is readily detachable. --07~.---. The projections mentioned and tbe photographs Are subsidiary to the principal use of the instrument in studying, the details of the solar surface, for which purposc mcrometic' measureet aeccomnpanied bydrawinos- on a larger scale, made by the polarizing -eye-piece.:..-...... -. - -Researches' upon the relative tliermal, luminous, an- acti'i inensities, of, differe'nt p-arts of- the; sun's disc'' are''beinog at present -carried on.by the' aid. of the thermopile and special:optical -apparatus... t'X. A m ention,of the Observatory's work-would be'incomplete without.~some account of its systenm of tii:ne -distribution,- in-troduced by fits present, Direct6r..'Three especially, -onstructed lines' of--telegraph -connect,. with the municipal offices in Pittsburgh, with the. telegraph lines of. the Western Union Telegraph Company, anid witli the: priv'ate lines: of the railroad's....-'.'-.-..: Aturret clock in the city ball of Pittsburgh has beeii provided'by the -bunicipal.-authorities' with electric mechanism, which enables it to.be controlled from the, Observatory,; so that,..its rmovement -is synchronous with tha't of the: p'rincipal mean. time stand-ard there, which is itself'corrected by nightly observations.-,The electric mechanism of the distant tuLrret clock causes a stroke upon- a hea;vy bell above the summit'.of' th'e- tower to be given, with exact:~ precision; at the first second of every third hour,.so that. it is audible, -throuohout, the.city. - The mechanisin of the same. turret clock is:arranged so'that' the pendulums of clocks isf any' distant police, fire-alarm,' or other municipal offices'. call.be co'ntrolled: by it, an.oplled-;to,.move synchronously wvith its o n', at the'ame.~time it- auto'matically reports its own time upon the electric-recording apparatus; at the Observatory. -A" second line o'f tele-graph, maintained a't the- charge of the principal watchimakers and jewelers of Pittsburgh, enables them to receilve at all hours the beats of the Observatory clock, which are made au dible in their places of business by simple pi6ce's of teleuraphic, apparatus known -as "sounders, which' are'place beside their; o'wn re'gulating, clocks, and enable them to give these latter an astronomical peion. The private lines-of, the r'ailroads carry these bet:oerh country -from' New York'Lipon' the ~east to Chicago upon the west, and frorn Erie upon the northern lakes to Baltimore in the'south. -Over forty associated railroad companies are thus niot oinly in permanent electric conneetion with the Observatory, but,their iiianauers having,adopted its time as the official standard, their employees are instructed,to'make regua cmaios with it, and for this purpose during-a certain time every day the'ordinary transmission of' ti'me ceases, while the wires are engaged in transmittino. the -beats of the Observatory clock. To enumerate all'the different railroads thus adopting the Observatory timle would-be~ too long" but to give an idea of the extent oft-the use.which Iis made of it, te'mybgrueinotee systemns: -the Southern, including originally seven railroad companies, and extending 1150 miles; the Northern, including eightee'n-'coMpani6s 1l563 miles; the Eastern, including seventeen associated companies, 2000 miles. This aggregate of: 4713 English miles does not, represent the whole use, of tl-le Observatory by railroad comnpanies, Isince only those wbich ha-ve officially' instructed their employees to adopt its time as: their stanldard are incl'uded h'ere.'-'.'.-'' Over the network of railroad lines uniting. he Atlantic,- through the Middle States,'with the western lakes all trainis are mnoved and:all busiiness carried on by, ti-me:priimarily' derived from. a siingle clock, whose beats, by. the repeating instrumnents of the telegraph' lines aevirtually- made -auLdible, at least once a -day o)ver- a considerable -part of the country. The advantages of such a Ssimnple.'and accessible means of re(,ulating the trafie- tbrough a l-arge portion, of th'e continent areI obviouLs; -and as%.it- is believed. to, be not only of- inportant: advantage in other respects to the conipainies emuploying it, but by diminishing the chailces of accident in- traveling to contrib'ute largely-to the public safety, the' Obs'ervatory has seen -with pleasure the. use rnade,-of it in this interesting application of the, processes of an ex;act science.to the -general welfare, the inore as it is in nwa-iclptible with the steady pUl'SUit of other and'purely scientific duLties.- A- -.: The Observatory has several times had occasion to use its' electrical connecti'ons for: astrono'mical purposes in the teleglraphic determiniation -of longitude. In one of-these, the longitude of Austin, the capital of Texas, was determine'd,-.at' the reque'st o f the United States Coast Survey by telegraphic -signals -extending' over acomplete circulit of nearly 5000 miles, aind' i.onlogte has been'stablishedI HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. i47' desceended by ininumerable additions from the hill-side torrents, soon became a mad and rushing river, irresistible as fate and insatiable as a maelstrom; and by th-e time the two streams, Butcher's Run and Spring Garden Run, united the whole was like a sweepinlg Niagara, deimolishing everything in its pathway, and leaving desolation and mourning in its track. With the earliest morn the tidinos spread,- and soon thousands were gatherin- around the sceenes of desolation. -The military were out in stronog force, including Knap's celebrated battery (the first on the ground), Companies B and D of the Fourteenth Regiment, under Colonel Hill, the Heath Zouaves, the Washington Infantry, and other bodies, the whole under the command of General Pearson in person. The desolated district-s were surrouinded by a cordon of troops, who kept back the crowd and gave the workmen opporttunity to clear away the' rubbish and collect together the remains of those. who h'ad perish'ed. The scenes were heart-re'nding! Hundreds of families were mourning the loss of friencls, ancl sorrowing eyes were eagerly watching as one after another the - -oiswere dug from the accumiulated de'bris or drawn from the turbid waters. Representatives of the Eastern press were early on the grouind, writing up a history of the terrible calaniity, and artists were busy sketching the various localities for the illustratod papets., Mats-s-meetinigs were call-ed, and -committees appointed to solicit subscriptions and provide for the destitute and suffering. Amnong the subscriptions receivecl from a distancee were the following: Philadelphia Salt Company............................. e $500.00 Walter Bryant............................................. I no.oo Citizens of Manor Station........................................... 131.25 Mountain House, Cresson Springs...................................... 152.50 The total subscriptions up to the last of September aggregated over sixty thousand dollars. The total loss of property in this vicinity was probably never accurately ascertained, but it was estimated, by competent judges, at several million dollars. The' loss of human life in Allegheny we have not been able t'o figure to a certainty, but, from the best iinformation we can obtain, it approximated seventy persons. The aggreoate loss of life at all the various points covered by the storm--- Allegheny, Saw Mill Run, Sodom, Mansfield, McLaughlin's Run, Beck's Run, and other localities-was in the neighborhood of one hundred and fifty. The funerals were exceedingly, solemn; business places were generally closed and the bells tolled in'unison for the dead. All classes of citizens, from those in authority (both civil and military) to the.humblest walks of life, contributed liberally of their time and means for the am'elioration of. the condition of tlheir unfortunate fellow-beings. It was a terrible visitation, and should be a most solemn warning to the people, teachingo them not to neglect the necessary precautions, and to never disregard the possiblei power of the' elements. by interchanges of signals with the Observatory at Cambridge, in turn coiiiected by the Atlantic cable with the observatories at Paris and Greenwich. While observations upon the stars and planets are not neglected, the present Director, considering the'advantage of givinog particular attention to some one portion of astronomlical science, bas aimed to make the Observatory principally useful in -pbysical astronomy, and particularly. in solar researches..To this fruitful fi.eld of labor.its work is likely:to be given, chbiefly, in, the fuLture as in the past. THE GREAT FLOOD OF JULY, 1874. By the politeness of the proprietors of the Allegheny Evening Mail, we give the following brief account (compiled; from it's'colunlns')'of the g-reat disasteb' which overwhelmed this re-ion on th.e eveninog of Sunday,-July-26, 1874: About eight o'clock in the evening, of the day above mentioned a storm of unprecedeiited violence closed over this vicinity, and continued for upwards of an houLr, during, which the fall of water was something enormous, and the display o electricity uiiparalleled within the memory of ainy living citizen. The districts most terribly afflicted in Allegheny were along the courses of.Butcher's Run, Spring Garden Run, Pleasant Valley, and Wood's Run. The's'e streams head amonog the hills some miles north'of the city, and,.in proxi'nity to each other. Butcher's and Spring Garden Runs unite a half-mile from the river, in-a. densely built-up portio'n of..the'city.'The-'storm appeared to be the. result of a combination of, or, rather, of a co'llision between, t-wo separate ones; the one rising in the northwest, the other in' the soutlieas't, and dpproiach'ing from- opposite directions. The'y se'e med to come in.cont'act immediately over "the city and the hills'to ithe north, and cove-red thie *he;ads of the stream metioned, whose valleys'were filled b'y the down-pourin g -flood iintil -each, -contained a roaring river, carrying everythinog before it, buLilding's and their contents, corpses of human beings, dead animals of every description, hoss ate, hoo, h'shep anid mules, ho'useho'ld furniture, mounta ins'of clay, sand, and gravel, street lamps, fences, etc., etc., all'borne upon its raging, bosom towards *the river below. Scores. of people whoj a short hour before, were resting in peace Iand fancied * securtity, were cauoht in the sweeping tide and scattered like chaff, overwhelme'd and biiried in th'e hu'ngry waters. The disaster came so suddenly upon.the dwellers in the valleys,- and'in such deep darkness, that very few had any warning until the roaring w'aters were upon them. -.-..In the districts bounded by Centre, Greene, and Concord Streets and Madison Avenue, and: the smaller one bounded by Troy Hill, Ferry, William, and Ohio Streets, the destruction wa's appalling...-- The flo-od, starting somne miles in the interior, and gathlering volume: as itForward, in Allegheny County, Rostraver Towhship in Westmoreland County, and Fayette County,'so-Lthwa'rd to a Iiine extenldiicg from the miouth of Redstone to the mouath of Jacob's Creek. At that timne Bedford County incl-Lided all of southwestern Pennsylvania;- but Washington County andc a' lar`ge tract souLth, as mentioned'above, was disputed territ'ory. The forks of the Youghiogheny were never subject to Indian depredations after Forbes's occupailcy in 1758. The reimainliiig portioll of this section was called Pitt Township, and included all of th.e land now occulpied by the townshiips lying between the Youghiogheny and loXver portion of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers. Westmoreland County was erected in 1773, and Pitt and Rostraver Townships becamne parts of it, thei llmsrmining. unhne. X Upon the erection of Allegheny, we learn froml the records tha;t the court decreedl that Elizabeth Township should contain'all thlat part of the forks between the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers which lay within the County of Allegheny, and that th-ree -townsh-ips slhould be erected from the land northea st of the lower parts of tlle Youghiogheny and Monongahela, as follows: "Versailles-Beginning at the mouth of the Youghiogheny River, tlhence up said river to the mouth of Crawford's Run, thenlce by the line of the County to the mouth of. Brush Creek, thence clown Turtle Creelk to the mouth thereof, thence up the Monongahela River to the place of beginniiig.'' "Plum -Beg,inning at the n16uth of Brush Creek, thence by a straiught linie to tlhe mouthi of Plum Creek, on the Allegheny River, thence ulp the said river to the ouny lne,thence by the,said line to the place of beginning." "Pitt-XBeffinning at thie mouLth of Pokety's Creek, thelnce up the Allegheny River, and by the line of the County to the nmouLth of Flaherty's Run, thence up tlhe Ohio River to the miouth of the Monongahela River, thence up said river to the mouLth of Turtle Creek, thence up Turtle Creek to the mouth of Brush Creek, thence by the line of Plum Township to the place of beginning." In 1789 (June sessioils) th-e bouLndary betweeni Pitt and Plum was so changed as to reacl as follows: II Begfinning at the m-outh of. Thompson's Run, thence up the saidl run to the Lick Fork, tlhence up said fork to the head thereof, tlielice by a direct line to the inlaoth of Plum Creek." It is thus evident that at the close of the year 1789 Plum Township included wbat was occupied in about the year IS50 by the northeast corner of Wilkins, and by Plum Township, and that this tract is ilOW includled within the bounds of Plum, Patton, and nortbeast portion of Penn. All the rest of the territory in the County north of the Ohio and north of the Monongahela, as far up as the mouth of Turtle Creek, and all north of the Allegheny, was Pitt Township. Thus the third section mentioned wcas ca pai-t of that township, but at thle tin-ie of the erection of Allegheny County there was not a single permanent settler in that tract beyond"the imnmediate neighborhood of Fort Pitt, and there were not more tlhan two cabiiis in Allegheny City. In 1783 this vast tract was set apart -for the redemptionl of "1depreciated certificates." 7In 1784 it was first purchased from the Indians, and in 1792 it was offered to actual settlers. It was not until after this date that it began to fill up. It was then divided, as will be mentioned in the proper place. It was not settled until twenty vears after all of thle rest of the. County, and during those years it was the terror of the settlers on the opposite shores of the rivers. In that tract the Indians were unmolested, and there they weree allowed to ke-nnel during two decades, and sneak out- at their pleasure to murder and des troy. It was the only telTitorv settled under Allegheny County. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF TOWNSHIPS. ALLEGHENY COUNTY, may be properly divided into three distinct sectionls. Of thlese, onie includes the townships south of the Ohio and soutli and west of the Monongahela;' another, that part which lies betweenl the Allegheny and Monongahela; and the third, th-e tract north of the Allegheny and Ohio. The first sect'ioln was a part of.ithe Virginia claim, aind was relinquished by that State in accordaince with the comnpromise rat-ified in June, 1780. Upon the erection of Washington County in 1781, it was included, and, while that county exercised' jurisdiction over it, it formned parts of Robeson, Cecil, aiid Peters Townships, adin 1784 Dickinson was ere,cted from the northern part of Peters.*: - Dickinson Township was not conifirmned by the Legislature unitil 1786. It was named from John Dickinson, at tha~t'time President of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and lay wholly within the present limits of Allegheny County, and bordered upon the Monongahela River. Peters, Cecil, and Robeson Townhsiips were erected July 15, 1781, by trustees appointed for that purpose. Upon the erection of Allegheny County, September 24, 1788, tlhese original boundaries were obliterated, ancl we -learn from the records "That the court proceecled to divicle the County of Allegheny (inclucling tlie' part receivecl from Westmoreland) in the following mnanner into townsliips." - And then follows a descriptioni of the boundaries of the sevenl original townships u'ndeir t-he jurisdiction of Allegheny County. The sectionl of wliith we are now treating, included three of these seven tovvnshlips, Moon, St. Clair, and Mifflin. Referrin, to the records a.gain, we fliad their outliiAe to) be as followvs: "Moon-beginning at Flaherty's Run, thence by the Ohio River to the mouth of Chartier's Creek, thence up saicl creek to the mnouth of Miller's Run, thence by the line of the County to the place of beginning. "St. Clair-beginning at tlhe mouth of Chartier's Creek, th-ence up the river Ohio to the mouth of the Monongahela River, and up said river to thle nmouth of Street's Run, thence up said ruin to the head thereof, tlhence by a straight line to the line of the CouLnty, thence by the said line to thle mnouth of Miller's Run o Chartier's Creek, and down said creek to the place of be-inning. "Mifflin-Beginninog at the mnouth of Street's Run, thence up the Monongahela River to the line of the County, and by the said line to the line of St. Clair Township." The description of the southwestern boundary line about Miller's Run is very loosely worded, but, notwitlistanding, this defect, thle reader may see that Moon formerly included that part of thle County whlich, in the year 1850 and thereabouts, was occupiedI by the four townshlipbs, Moon, Findlay, Robinson, and North Payette, and South Fayette west of Miller's Run; that the territory formerly included in St. Clair was in 1850 occupied by the southeastern corner of South Fayette and by part of Snowden, by the whole of Baldwin, and Upper alnd Lower St. Clair; and that Mifflin had been divided, and its former territ;ory was thenl occupied. by tlhe southeast corner of Snowden, and by Jefferson and the diminished township of Mifflin. The second sectioi-i, menltionled cabove, was origi nallyr a part of Bedford County, which was erected in 1771. That part of it between the Youghiogheny and Monongahela Rivers was called Rostraver Township, and iiieluided all of the townships of Lincoln, Elizabeth, and * Nottingham Township, Washington County, formlerly included within its limits the southeast corner of Jefferson Township. It included this strip, as far as Peter's Creek, in 1784...148 1 I T ) I - x - -A, ) A) OF (" x 0.1.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 149 tracks, and afterwvards went ashore and hid, and the Indians passed by him. When the settlers learned of Vaughan's death they organized a larger force, and went to the place the next day, and buried him. They then chased the Inldians beyond the bounds of the County., Adam Deemer settled on a tract of land in the southern part of the townslhip, within a quarter of a mile of Montour's Run, in 1793'. He was the first settler upon his property, although it was surveyed years before. He wvas a German, aind his son Andrew was a member of the Pittsburgh Blues in 1812. Joel Ferree was murdered at a comparatively recent date. He went into the woodls one morning to shoot a deer before breakfast, and tookr his son-a small boy-with Ihim. He liad been out but a short time when he shot one, and senlt the boy back to get a horse on which to carry th-e game home. When the boy r eturned he fouiid him dead and scalped. The settlers guarded the shore of the river with their rifles all that day, but the nmurderer escaped. Moon was one of the seven original towvnships of Allegheny County, formed in 1788. Its oinly villag,e of any conlsequence is Middletown, and it is only notecl for its great age, being one of the oldest villages in the County. The oldest school-house in Moon was Oll the flarin of Joshua Meek. Its date is lo-st. It stood there ninlety years ago, at the least. There was an old mill on land now owvned by the heirs of John C. Hess, whicli was probably built by Adam Patterson, once a resident on that property. It was the -first in the township. The first church was Sharon Presbyterian. It was comnend Jun I,12 ancl tlhere was preaebili- in it the same year. There are now three churchles, Methodist, United Presbyterian, anid the oine already menltioned. The Methodist buLilcling is on the bank of the Ohio, near Middletown, and the United Presbyterian in the western part of the to-wnship. Thlere are three post-offices, one at Middletown, one callecl Beer's Post-office, and oine called Moon, in the western part. The first established was Moon. The occupation of the inhabitanlts is alImost exclusively agriculture. The recrion along the Ohio, near Middletown, is oiie of the inost beautiful in the County. Moon Township was probably niamed from the crescent-likSe bend of thle Ohio a-t its northern extremity, before Crescent Township was erected. FINDLAY TOWNSHIP. The Iiistory of Findlay is closely coiinected with that of Moon, from a part of wliich it was erected in Jainuary, 1822. It'derived its naiiie fromn Governor Findlay. Long- before aily otlher adventurerlihacl penetrated the wilderness in tlhat re, ion, Charles Morgan,,an camle frolia Virginia, ancl settled near a little stream in Findlay Township. It was tlhen a part of the Virginia claim. It afterwards became a part of Robeson Township, Washington County, uponi its erection in 1781, and in 17883 it was includedl in the bouindarie's of Moon. There on this stream Morgan macle some improvemenits, and plainted a potatopatch, from wlhiih tlhe brook was calledl Potato Garden Run, a namle which it still retains. Duriing th-e succeeding years Morgan was obligecd several times to flee for his life to old Fort Redstone, but he as often returned, and was in time repaicl by seeing, the Indians leave, the couiitry around settlecl, alid himself ain inclependent man. I-e, diecl there on the 23cl of October, 188 U h te fszt-ie His son, John Morgan, was born tl-iere in 1776, ancl was doubtless the first white chiild bornl in Findlay Township, although wve unlderstandl that the honor was claimed by Josias Guy in another part of the township. John Morgan was born on the tract where Vance Hays now lives. The old log house theni occupied by Charles Morgan's family was standing only a few years ago. John Morgan cliecl on the 15th- of May, 1852e The Morgans were of Welsh ori in. There is a popular belief among the olcl settlers of the townsliip that Thomas and Henry Reardon were induced to settle in the townshlip by Charles Morgan. They located on a tract acljoining him, and which was purchased of theml in 1792, by George Aten. The heacl-waters of Reardons' Run are on that lanld. The remains of the Reardons' old elhimney are still standing on the Eaton farm. They were wanidering characters, aiid as sooii as the, country began to be settled they left for wilder regions. MOON TOWNSHIP. In 1769 (April 3), in pursuance of an application made bv Henry Montour, an order was granted for the survey of a tract of land llOW occupied by Middletown and sorne of the descendants of Robert Vance. WVhether Montour ever occupied it or not is very uncertain; but it is inot probable that he ever made any improvements, and it is certain that he never occupied it long. It is not likely that his land ever bordered upon Montour's Run, for, in tlhe same year (1769), a warrant was graiitecl to survey a tract bordering upon the run for one Masden, wlio was never a resident of the town-ship. Zadock Wright settled UpOii that tract in 1790, and th-ere is no recorcl of any previous' settler upon it. IThe first wl-lite settler in Moon To.wnship was probably Robert Vance. The date of his arrival is unknown. There was an ol'd block-house on his tract in early times, called Vance's Fort. Notlhingi has remained of it within the last seventy years. It deserves a prominent place in the early bistory of Moon and the neighboring townships. It was built mainly to protect t;he settlers fiom th-e Indians wvho livecl onl the opposite side of the Ohio, ancl who were constantly makillt, incursion's alid committinog their outrages in Moon anld the neighborinlg townships. A detailecl sketch of the murders andc depredations colnmitted by tllem pre-. vious to the year 1800 would require a volume. WYe can only give the more proinineilt ones.'Many naiueless -raves were filled throughlout that country borde'rin- on the Ohio andc Allegheny, the story of the murcler of the occupants of which- will iiever be told. Many fell beneath tlhe murderous tomahawk or bullet of tlheir siieakinu ancl cowardly foe, and their boines bleaclied in the forests for years cc without a grave, unkne'lled, uncoffiiied, tand unktnown, until, perchance, some later huilter or woodiuan founcl them and buriecl them in son-ie sballow pit, giving them, as oftein as otherwise, a nlan-ie whicli they ilever bore durinag life. Thle settlers used to occupy the fort at nic,ht. One m-orning, as one of them stepped out of the door, without previously recoinnoiterinog, I-e was shot dead within half a yard of the walls. The Inidiall who had shot himl ran for the river, and a numlber of the settlers firedl at him, but without effect. At lenlgth one of them, at the risk of an ambuscade, followed him to the bankz and shlot hii-n as he was swimming across in a zig,zao, mlanner to avoid the, bullet. Joshua, John, ancl Jacob Meek were, early residents on the property now owiied by their descendants. They were of Welsh ori;,in, but emigratecl from Virginia to Western Pennsylvania. They were obliuecl to leave on account of the Indians some timie after coming to the township, and flee to old Fort Redstone, where they remained for several years. The fact that they went to Fort Redstone would inldicate that Vance's Fort was not then buLilt, buLt other circumlstances go to prove that Vance was theni in the towilship. His block-liouse niay h-ave been standiing at the time, an'd Redstone offered far greater security. The Meek patent was dated April 7, 178S, ancl the warrant for survey September 15, 1784. The " Tomahawk Claim" was no doubt taken up several years before, and it is not improbable that they were in the township previous to 1776. Jacob Meek settlecl ill Findlay Township, adjoinin,,. As Joshua Meek w'as ricliing horne across his laicl, one night shortly after its settleiieint, he drew his reiins at a little spring to let bis horse' driink. He sat there in fanciecl security, wlhen a gun sinappecl, allcd the horse wheeled sucldenly and ran witlh hirb.. Al1 exaliillation of the grouncl the next clay revealecl by the nioccas'iii-tracks that an Inclian I-ad lain in ambush for him beliincl a tree near the spring. He hacl snappecl Ihis guii, but tlhe powder had flashedl in the pan, ancl to that accident the settler owed h-is life. Joshua Meek's old lo- liouse ~is still standlinU, on laicl of his son's. The builcling is probably a Centennial relic. Mrs. Meek also had a niarrow escape friom the Inclians on one occasion. The good woinan h-ad attainecl some fame as a iiiidwife among the early settlers. One ni_uht she was called to Vancee's Fort on professional business, aicl wa;s accompaniecl by a mani from- the fort. They were both Oil horseback. DuLrii1t, tlheir journey it became appareiit to themn that tlley were followed by a baind of Indians on foot. They struck a faster gait and hulrriedl on, but not until one of the savages hacl approached near enough to throw his tomaliawk at Mrs. Meek, which passed so near her that the bark which it strueck from a tree near thle path hit her in the face. William Nesbit now lives Oll the tract where the tree h-it by the tomnahawk stood. It was standing years afterwards, with the mark onl it. Andrew Vaughan was quite an early settler, allcd was killed by the Indians near Flaherty's Run. Vaughan and John Bell were menmbers of, a large party of whites which hacl attacked a baind of Indians near Chartier's Creek aind driven thelu downl toward Logstown. On the way back the'y were fired upon by some Indians in ambush. Vaughan was killed on the spot, ancl Bell's horse fell, shot througli the neck. Bell escaped. The lnclians pursuecl him closely, but he succeeded in reaching the run, in which he waded for a long distance, thus hiding bisHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 17 About the same time Celoron sent the following, letter to the Governor of Pennsylvania: TRANSLATION. " From our camp on the Beautiful River (Ohio), at an ancient village of the Chouanons, 6th of August, 1749. "SIR,- Having been sent with a detachment into these quarters by M. the Marquis de la Gallissoniere, Commandant-General of New France, to reconcile among themselves certain savage nations, who are ever at variance on account of the war just terminated, I have been much surprised to find some traders of your government in a country to which England never had any pretensions. It even appears that the same opinion is entertained in New England, since in many of the villages which I have passed through the English, who were trading, there, have mostly taken flight. "Those I have fallen in with, and by whom I wrote you, were treated with all the mildness possible, although I would have been justified in treating them as interlopers, and men without design, their enterprise being contrary to the preliminaries of peace signed five months ago. "I hope, sir, you will carefully prohibit for the future this trade, which is contrary to treaties; and I give notice to your traders that they will expose themselves to great risks in returning to these countries, and they must impute only to themselves the misfortunes they may meet with. " I know that our Commandant-General would be very sorry to resort to violence; but he has orders not to permit foreign traders in his government. "I have the honor to be, with great respect, sir, your humble servant, "CELORON." From these letters and documents, it appears that the French claimed all the countries situated on the Mississippi and all its tributaries, by virtue of original discoveries, and supplemented these reasons with the conditions made at various treaties. The English claimed the same region, or portions of it, by virtue of the grant of King James the First to sundry of his subjects, which covered all the territory between the thirty-fourth and forty-eighth parallels of latitude, and thence to the Great South Sea. They also claimed the country on the headwa ters of the Ohio by virtue of the treaty of Lancaster with the Six Nations, though the latter denied having sold any lands west of the mountains. In the spring or summer of 1749, the Assembly of Pennsylvania received intelligence that a force of one thousand French was preparing to leave Canada for the Ohio. Startled by these rumors, they sent an agent, Mr. George Croghan, to the Ohio, for the purpose of gaining, all possible intelligence of the movements of the French. On his arrival at Logstown, an Indian village on the right bank of the Ohio, about twenty-two miles below the forks, he learned that a French officer, named Jean Coeur, or Joncaire, was on the Allegheny, about one hundred and fifty miles above, with a strong party, for the purpose of erecting, trading-posts and fortifications. Jean Coeur was on the same errand as Celoron, to pacify and make treaties with the savages and establish claim to the territory along the Allegheny; for which purpose he also was furnished with the same description of leaden plates, one of which was stolen from his party by an Indian and brought to Governor Clinton, of New York, at Fort George. The inscription on these plates probably varied to suit the locality where they were deposited, but their general tenor was the same. The location of this "ancient village of the Chouanons" is very uncertain. Some writers have located it on the river Wabash, called by the French Ouabache, and sometimes pronounced Weba; but the Wabash was never called the beautiful river, so far as we know, and we do not find any allusion to an Indian tribe by that name, along its banks. It is more than probable that the village spoken of may have been a Shawanese town, and very likely located somewhere, on the Ohio between Pittsburgh and Marietta. In the fall of 1750 the Ohio Company employed Christopher Gist, who had settled on the Yadkin River, in North Carolina, and who was an experienced woodsman, and probably understood several Indian dialects, to proceed to the Ohio for the purpose of examining their lands, and to select suitable localities for settlements and fortifications. Leaving Cumnberland on the last of October, he proceeded by way of the Susquehanna and Juniata rivers to the head-waters of the latter stream, where he crossed the mountains to the Kiskeminetas, which he descended to the Allegheny. This was no doubt a well-known route,as the portage from the Juniata was a short one, giving the trappers and pioneers an easy route, mostly by water, from the seaboard to the western.waters. No mention is made Dr. Franklin, the militia of Pennsylvania, to the number of twelve thousand, were organized, armed, and drilled, and the Colony put in a complete state of defense. Great difficulty was experienced in maintaining amicable relations with the Indians. Minor skirmishes and petty collisions frequently occurred. The French were busy working for their own interests, and a war with the savages was imminent; but, by careful handling,, they were persuaded to attend a general council, which was held at Lancaster, in 1744. By virtue of large sums raised and presented them by the Colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland, amounting to six hundred pounds, they were constrained to remain neutral. The preceding year a half-breed trader, named Peter Chartier,* who made Philadelphia his chief residence, endeavored to involve the Shawanese in war with the Six Nations. Becoming apprehensive of arrest, he fled to the Shawanese, and persuaded them to declare for the French. Soon after, at the head of four hundred warriors, he waylaid and seized two provincial traders, on the Allegheny River, with goods valued at sixteen hundred pounds. Strong, efforts were made by both contending, parties to enlist the services of the Six Nations, but, while they listened respectfully and accepted presents, they politely declined all overtures. The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, signed October 1, 1748, between Great Britain and France, terminated the war, which had given no substantial advantage to the former power. The boundaries between the French and English colonies were not established by this treaty, and this fact alone very soon plunged the two nations in another costly and bloody war. The celebrated Ohio Company was chartered in the year 1748, about the close of the war. This charter covered a grant of five hundred thousandt acres of land on the Ohio, between the Monongahela and the Great Kenawha, and lying principally on the south side of the river, but giving the privilege of taking, a considerable tract on the north side. The conditions of this grant were that two hundred thousand acres were to be located at once, and one hundred families were to be settled upon them with in seven years. The lands were to be free of quit-rents for ten years, and the Company was to build and maintain a garrison sufficient for the protection of the settlers. Among the persons prominent in this adventure were Colonel Thomas Lee, Mr. Thomas Hanbury, a London merchant, Lawrence and Augustine Washington, and ten other Virginians. The proposed Company had sent out an agent, one Conrad Weiser, to visit the Indians and obtain their consent to the occupation of the lands, which they willingly gave, in order to prevent the French from occupying the Ohio. Preparations were now made to survey and colonize their lands, and a cargo of goods for the use of the set tlers and for traffic with the Indians was purchased in London, to arrive the next year (1749). Other companies were also formed for similar purposes. June 12, 1749, a grant of eight hundred thousand acres, from the Canada line on the northwest, was made to the Loyal Company, and upon the 29th of October, 1751, another grant of one hundred thousand acres was made to the Greenbriar Company. In the mean time the French were neither blind nor idle. Foreseeing at once the result of the occupation of this region by Great Britain, they prepared for prompt and vigorous action. The Marquis de la Gallissoniere was now Governor-General of New France (Canada), having succeeded Admiral de la Jonquiere, August 16, 1749. During the summer, he sent Monsieur Louis Celoron de Bienville with three hundred men to the frontier. Celoron proceeded to Detroit, and from thence he visited various places along the Ohio and deposited leaden plates containing the following description: TRANSLATION "In the year 1749, in the reign of Louis XV., King, of France, we, Celoron, Commandant of a detachment sent out by the Marquis de la Gallissoniere, Commandant-General of New France, to re-establish tranquillity in some Indian towns in these departments, have buried this plate at the mouth of the river Chinodahichetha, ~ this 18th day of August, near the river Ohio, otherwise called Beautiful River, as a memorial of the resumption of possession we have made of the said river Ohio, and all those that fall into it, and of all the lands on both sides up to the sources of the said rivers, the same as the preceding kings of France have enjoyed, or were entitled to enjoy, and as they were established by arms and by treaties, especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix-la-Chapelle.". After whom Chartier's Creek was named. t Annals of the West and Gordon. Lossing says six hundred thousand acres, Count de la Gallissoniere-Bouchette. Q Indian name for the Great Kenawha, meaning River of the Woods (Kenawba, Republican). 11 Pattersou's History of the Backwoods. The Indian name of Pittsburgh is said to have been De-un-daga.WVe clo'not kinow the clate of their arrival in Findlay Township. Their warrant to survey thae land oin whichi they settled was clated February 22, 17S6. Thei:r names are spelled Rai-dhi in the olcl parchmneiits. The Atens, who puLrchasecl their laind, have spelled- their names in t-hree cliffrrtway wihl a hndrecl years. They are of Gora rtn and the niarne wvas ori inally Auter. It was Aten at the tim-e of their settleiilent in the towrn-, ship, and is now _Eaton. Their land lies inear the village of Clinton. Jacob Meek settlecl in Findlay, adljoiniin-r the land of his brothers, in Moon Township, previous to 1787. James Steward was also a very early resideiit in the township. The first chuLrch in, Findlay was a log builcliing at Clinton, iiear where the present United Presbyterian church stands. Rev. William Wilson was the first preachler. The first school-house wvas a log, buiildiln^, erectecl about 1 79a, near wl-lere the old Seceder church stoocl. The first post-office was started at Clinton. Dr. John Pollock wvas the first Postmaster. Clinton is thle only village in Findlay It was laid out by John Charles about 1826. It is eighteen illiles fromn Pittsburgh, on the Pittsburgh ancl Frankfort roadl. There are no mlanufactories in the place. There are se'veral stores alnd a hotel, aind the place lias col'isiclerable counitry trade. In early tim-es ain Indian trail crossed Findlay Township fromn Pittsburgh to Georgetown. It crossed the land of Peter Eaton an'd David Stomsipher, anld went oln to Shousetown, anicl thence'aloing the bank -of the river. WVithin a few vears its colurse could be plainly tracecl. Findlay is an exclusively agricultural towvnship. CRESCENT TOWNSHIP was namnecl from thle bend of the Ohio River upon which it borclers. It was erectecl from the northerln part of Moon in 1855, anld is the most niortlhern township in Allegheny County on tlhe left ban-k of the Ohio. Nearly all of the land in Crescent was at olne timne owinecl by James O'Hara, of Pittsburgh, and James Woodburn. O'Hara never livecl in the township, but Woodburn was the first permuaileint settler. Ile camae to a tract adjoining Shousetown in 1794. A mwan by the name of Scott hacl made some imnprovemei-ts there years before h-im, but hacl beein driven away by the Indians. He liacl obtained a patent for it somne two years before Woodburn's arrival. James Woodburn was aii Irishman. There is but one village in Creseent Township. It is called Shousetown fiorn its fouii-cler, Peter Shouse, who still lives there, at a very advainecd age. Mr. Shouse came t'o the pla'ce now bearint, his naiiie in 1827. He was a boat-builder, and lielped to builcl the first steamboat that floated on the Ohio. It was called the " New Orleans", was buLilt in Pittsburgh, ancd went out in IS11.: After Shouse went to Crescent Township, lie carriecl on the boat-building buLsiness there frora 1827 to 1837, when his sorl-in-la'w Ezra Porter, and his brother. Nathan Porter, continued the -busineiss with Samuel Shouse, Peter's brotlier, until within fouLr years. A great nwuiber of excellenlt rivTer vessels were built at Shousetown, and wheii the business proved unprofitable there, the little village that it hacl built up declinecl. It is nowr a place of nlo importance. It has a post-office, a school-house, two clhurches, ancl two stores. These are the only buildlings of the kind ill the towiiship, which is of exceeding sinall climensions. The first church was built in 1845) and was buLrnecl clown April 27, 1856.' It wasfre fo al Evangelical dnonintions. It was aft rwvards lebuilt. The other chulrch is Methodist.-- -The first school-house of any importance wvas at Shousetown. It was built in 1 S30: and was buLrned, with -the ch-urch, ia IS56. In early timnes there was an Indian burying-ground at the mnouLth of Flaherty's Run. Bones ancl various relieSs have beein found there. The post-office was locatedl in Shousetown early ill Fillmore's administration. John Hamilton was the first Postmaster. MIFFLIN TOWNSHIP was namecl from Thomas Mifflin, Governor of Pennsylvania at the time of its formation. It was one of the seven original townships erected in 178S, and formierly inclucled all of the County between the township of St. Clair and the Monongahela River.; The first white- inan wlho livecl- irn the township wvas' robabily a "squ-atter" nalued Sebastian Frederick, wlio located where the villau,e of Homestead now stancls, and on laiid afterward occupiecl by John Hay. The date of his arrival is unLlcertain, but' it i's -quite probable-th'at he-was the're aicd hacl erected.a house al'id bar-n before the year 1780. --~ Remlai'ns of these buildinigs existed within the raemory of the present inhabit-' alas.-Litleis novn f Frederick,except that he -came there with his family and left the counitry when settlers beganl to flock in. David Calhoun, ail Irishman from niear Harrisburg, cam'e to Mifflin in 1784. Afaiiiily named Snodgrass settled very early ill the township, caind aergrded by imany als the fillst. - Amos McAllister was- one of the - fi-rst. He livecl a short tirne oil laiid patenited by John McClure. The patent wa-s dated May 19, 1786, and the'applica-tionl for suLrvey was made Ap'ril 3, 1769. McAllister was the fi'rst settler upon this tract, and was not there, until years after its su'rvey. In 179,9 a wiclow nameid Martha Means, with the cha'racteristic bravery of tlie American women of that day, clrove a four-horse teani froiii Harrisburg, anid sett'led within the ori;,inal Iimiits of Mifflin. Shle had at that timue six ehiildren, the olclest of whom wTas buLt fifteen years of agfe. That child, Nathan Means, is still livinig, at the age of nlinety-two,, and was ouLr inform,ant. At th-e time of Mr. Means'. settlem-ent, the Wests, McClures, Cochrans, Finneys, Snodgrasses, Whitikers, Pattersons, Cunninghams, and Neels, were all livingo witliin- a few nmiles of the tract upon wlhiich Iiis m'otlher lo'cated. The Cunninghams aiid Neels hacl been ebased from the township by the Indians, but hacl returned. Oii that occasion, Mrs. Neel rode back to her old'horne, in Lancaster county n hrsebtk,carrying oine ch-ild in her arms, while' her little boy, abou-t f-our yearSs old, rode beliilld her. This was probably in about 1780. The,little boy was afterwvardls General Neel, well known in Allegheny County. The heroismn of those pioneer women caninot be too higlily admired or exalted. No eulogiumi of ours can acld to the bright lulstre of their famze. WVe can con-~ ceive of various selfish objects which might induLce mnze to penietrate this borrible wilclerness at that timle, but wbat, save the muost p-Lre ancl lofty mlotives that ever inlfluen-cedl mortals, coulcl have tempted woman, in h-er comlplete helplessness, to attemBpt such lhardsliips ancl brave such pei-ils? The first church in Mifflin was at Lebanon, four ancl a h-alf miles soulth of Homestead. It was of the Presbyterian denomination. John McMillan, the niotedpioneer preacher of Western Pennsylvania, first served that eburch, in 1776 or 177S. Major-General John Neel wasAthe first child baptizecl in it. He was born in 1776. The first school-house was near the eburch. It stood there in 1799, aind was an old house at that time. Oii the 29thi of April, 1874, a mnurder was comlmittedl in Mifflin, which, f*omits extreme atrocity, deserves meintion in the history of the township. John, Hammett was a respectable farmer, living about a mile an'd a ha-If soulth of Homesteacl. His family consistedl of his wife, two little girls, niiie ancl four years. olcl respectivTely, and a boy iiamled Robert Smith, about fourteeii years of age, whiom he hacl taken to raise. Late in the winlter of IS74l iA Mr. Hammett hired a German, named Earnest Ortwein, as a. farml laborer. He wvas about twenty-five years old, appeared to be possessed of ordiniary intelligence, ancl was indcustrious and, faithful. On the nigyht of the 29th of April Mr. and Mrs. Hammett wenit to visit one of their neiglibors, who lived about a mnile away... Thley left tlhere. about ton o'clock, ancl were never again seen alive. Their bodies were found ia tlhe ashes of their house the next morning, together with parts of the children, oile of the l ittle girls being entirely devouLrecl by the flames except oine of her f-eet, which was foulnd in her shoe. It was at first sup'poseod that Ortwein I-ad also, been consun-led, but he was afterwarcls seen in the city,- was arrested on suspicion of murder, confessed that he committecl the cleed, was tried and executed. Ortwein claimeiLd that he first killecl the boy by a blow oii the head with a hatchet, and that he then:killed the little girls in bed, but the findinog of the foot o'f one of them in her shoo wouLld iiclicate the contrary. Mr. and Mrs. Hammett were no. douLbt knocked downi with the hatchet as they came to the door. It was supposed by maniy tllat the deecl was. commnitted for money, as Ortwein had seen quite, a sum in Mr. Hammett's possession, buLt the inurderer claimed to the last that this wyas iiot his motive. If it was, he did not obtaiin the object, for,Mr. Hammett bad not a great amount of money abouLt him at the tinie of his deaths and we are inclinedb to believe Ortwein's story, anld think he -did it for amusement, just to while away a leis-Lre hour. The unparalleled idiocy whicli he displayed in all the after-events would denote that he was not too intelligernt to find fuLn in such performainces. Mifflin has three post-offices. Homestead, Germantown, Dravosbug, and Amity are villages in the township. Dravosburg and Homestead are the niost inmportant. At the former -place thlere is an extensive country trade. Tlle coal works of Mifflin are numerous and imnpor'tan't, HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.I i HISTORY - -OF...ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.Chartier's Creek, in a small boat. It was then reloadled upon a, keel-boat, anld takeii dowii the r-iver. Mike Fink was boirn in ilaryland about 178a1. His father aild i-ilother weire German,'and came to. Pittsburgh in 1789. In 1790 they boultht a ti-act of land in North Fayette. There Mike girew up to be one of the nlost brutal roughs that any border coulitry ever produced. His only bappiness WclS found in' figbting and -low aillusements, ancl bis inan-ie became a by-wordl froml Pittsburgh to New Orleans. He could drink. a quart of whisky anid iiot feel it, aind wvas a giant ill strengfth and endurance. He wvas a wonderfuLl marksmanl and used -to display his skill by shootitl^, a cup o-f whisky froni the head of Ihis friend Carpenter at a distance of seventy yards. After a time Carpenter and Fink lost confidence in each other, and becalme en3liies. A reconciliaItion wfas brou )ht about; Mike claimed to be fieiendly agDaiii, and to provte his coinfidelliee Carpenter allowed. himi to make another trial of l-iis skill, but instead of firin- at the whaisky, he shot his friend through the head. For this he was afterwards killed by a frieiid of th-e nlurdered iian. Mike was styled the " last of the keelboatmen." He used to amuse him-self 11l gnoin- down the ri'vers by shooting val'ious objects on the'Sshore. It is a well-authenticated f'act thbat oii one occasion hle successively shot the tails froio three pigs, at a distance of about sixty yarcls, without iriflictin-, any other iinjury u-pon them; but his caireer of fuin w'as brought to a close by bis shooting the heel from a negro who was watchinog him froiii the shore one day. For tb1is tricek he was arrested and' made to suffer the penalty of the law. Noblestown and vicinity was the sceene of his revellries. A family by the Dname of McKillip lived near there, betweeii whom ancl the Finks a perpetual feud existedl. The fights betweeii _Mick Fink ancl Sam McKillip are treasured up to this day in the memories of the early settlers. Mike was gfenerally victorious, but Sam was always ready to fight again whenever they met, whether at the store, tavern, or low dance. This practice continiued for miany years, until in oile of their kinock-downs Mike bit off Sam's nose,-a proceedling so dishonorable and oposed to pugilistic rules that Sam would riever condescencl to fight witlh bini agaiin. Th-e tavern in wbich this nlotedl bully obtairled Ihis whisky, caroused, aind miacle ni,,ht bideous with his drunkSen orgties, iS still standing- in Noblestown. I-e was killed while oin'an e"xpediti'on up the _Missouri River. T1lere was an old settlers' fort'near Noblestown, on Noble's tract, wbich was built about 1773; also-anotlher'on or near the property now owned' by John GreggNoblestown is one of the oldest villatels'ill the Counity. The pre-bistoric remains of North Fayette are quite interestin.g.- There were extensive earthworks on land n1ow ownecl by Robert McClellad, aind,reat numlbers of stone implemenlts have been found. 0 SOUTH FAYETTE TOWNSHIP.'North and South Fayette are closely connected, historically, and h-ad niot th-eir geographical connection beein partially seve'red by the erection of a new towinship they wouldl have been treated uinder a single heading. Probably the first settler in South Fayette was one Miller, who settlecl at tlle mouthl of Miller's Run. But little is known of himn. He settled theire before 1768, was of English descent, and emit,ratedl from the towvnsliip to Kentucky as soon as settlemnents beg,an to be miacle in that State. He had quite ail extensive tract in South Fayette, anld oni leaving solcl it to a landjobber, named Campbell, for a pair of shoes.. The inext settler, and the first permainent one, was Christopher Lesnet. H e emigr-ated fi-om Germany to Baltimore, Maryland, and came froni there to South Fayette before 1770 William Bries, Obadiah Holmes, James Dinsmore, Moses Middleswart, and Gabriel Walker, all came to the township before 1785. Gabriel Walker settled about a imile southwvest of Walker's Mills. In 1782 his family was surprisecl by a larage body of Indians. Two boys were killel and scalped ill the field, ancld three' a son and two daug,hters were taken prisoiiers. The prisoilers were taken to Canada and after an -absence of three years returiied home. On the liext morniiif after the m-urder, a large compaiiy of the settlers assembled and pursued the In-'diaDs'. They came up with them a few miles above Steubenville, in the act of croSSiD O the Ohio River. The pursuers fired upon tliem, ancl killecl two Incliains. Knowin-,that they wouLld muLr'der the prison-ers if overtaken, aiid fearing to fire aiiy more lest they should wounLid tliem, they followed themn no farther. The oldest lot, school-house was probably on laind of Thomas Alexander. It stood there in 1790. There were several of these olcl school-houses scatterecl throuo,h the township at a very early date. The olclest church was near Robinson's Run, ancl was of the United PresbyteNORTH FAYETTE TOWNSHIP. Fayette derived its name froim General' La Fayette, and was erec'ted a townslhip in 1790. It was divided"ill 1842. Fayette -Tlow-n8hip was-rmore noted for Indian outrages than any other townsliip in the County, aiid the gireater part of theie were enacted in North Fayette. The old Mingo Indian trail passed thr-ough the township, and was a main' thoroughfare for scalping-parties as lo'ng as Allegheny County wa-s, infest-ed by them. The roadl'froml Noblestown to Beaver now follows this trail. W7e have beeni unable to obtain satisfactoray evideince in regard to thcl first white settlement. There were several white fanmilies in various parts of North Fayette in 1774; there wvere tw1vo or thiree in. 1773, and there was'! one man (perbaps more) in 1770. This one was an Irishman by tle -name of Alexander McClelland; --but we are not satisfied tha.t he was the first- s'ettler. A f Walkers c-aiiie veryery Colonel Henry Noble was no doubt- located in Noblestown in 1773, and Samuel Jeffrey came about the saliile tiine to the site^ Of the present little village of Jeffreystown. -Jeffrey canie from Maryland, and settled in Jeffreystown in-im-ediately after his marriage. His oldest child, Martha, was tlhe first white child borii on Montour's Run. Henry McBride canie with hiini and settled witlilin one n-iile of Jeffreystown. A mLan, n -aiied McManimy, was mlurdered by the Indians there at an early day. He lived near an old. block-house on the Turner Tract, inl another part of the township, and with seve-ral other settleys had been over in Findlay Township, assisting a neiglhbor in' harvesting. BeOing in a hurry to reach home, he had started on ahead of otherswho were goinig the same way, and was found by thenm near Jeffreystown, scalped.William Turner, upon wliose land the block-hiouse was built, caine tO -the township in 1774. The block-house was built in 1778, and was well constructed, hlad a stockade around it, and a never-failing spring in its centre. In about 1780, two sons and two daughters of William Turner left North Fayette with a man by the name of Fulks, and went to the edge of Beaver County to make sugar, as,there was a maple grove there. While they were at work the Indians came upon theml aind killed George Turner on the spot. Fulks ran and would have escaped but for a white dog which followed hinm, and, with the intelligence of the proverbial white dog, kept up a continlual barking, andthus prevenltedl him from- concealiing hiimself; and he also was overtaken ancld niurdered. The Indians then left with the remaining soln, William, and the two girls, Betsy and Polly, and started for the British lines. The young man died after they had niarched a few days, and the girls were subsequently bought of the Indians. A captain in the British army purchased one of tbein and married her, and the other was o_btainaed in a similar manner, by a man nam-ed Johnston, who afterwards settled in Kentucky, McCormic was the name of the British captain. It is said that both McCormic and Johnston,servecl as officers in the war of 1812, oine in the British andthe' other inl the American army. At about th'e same time that the Turners were captured, Mrs. Dolly Clock wvas' taken from a tract about tbree miles from Jeffreystown. Her busband was away fromn home at the tinie, and she was alone --n the liouse with he-ir infant. The Indians, always on the alert when any poinlt was unguarded, took this opportunity, captured her, and started for the Northwest. After they bad proceeded a short distan'ce, the babe cried, wben an Indian h it fromn her armis by tl-e let, dashed its brairis out a(,ainst a tree, and threw it upon t1he gro'und. Mrs. Clock, afterw.ard stated that, uponl the perpetration of thisE hellish outralge, she loosed ber..apyon and spread it over her child's face, and walked oil without a tear. She was subsequently rescued, and lived wTith lher liusband near whl-e District School-House No. I now stands. A young man named. Tucker was killed by tb Indians in the old orchard on the farni nlow owned by Dr. Andrew Pierce, but we aire unable to obtain particulars. The old apple-trees on that farm are the inative fruit, are over a hundred years old, and are said to have been planted by the Indians. There is also a tradition that two men were killed ijear North Star Post-office, but the people who ar7e saicl to have been murdered by' Indians in North Fayette exceed balf the present population of-,the to'wnship. The first scliool-house in North Fayette stood on land now owned by Thomas Partridge. It stood tberein 1788. The first teacher.was Matthew Williams. He taught there for manyyears. "Squire Valandigham," of Noblestown, was the first justice of the peace.Clement Vallandigham of' Ohio was a direct" desce nclan't o"f him.'' Onle of the ~first miills in the township was built at Noblestown, by Colonel Noble, before 1800. It was a mnill of some importance at thlat tin e, for Mike Fink, one of the early celebrities of the township, made his first trip to New Orleans with a cargo of flour frinl tlhere.Robinson's Run nwas then'high, and MIike ran the flour down to the mouth. ofHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 152 The first church was. Presbyterian. It was built of hlewn loogs, and waXs situated near Montour's Run. Rev. James Patterson was its first pastor. Tlle first hotel was built by William McCormic, and was oin the Steubenville turnpike, seven miles from Pittsburgh. It was a large log structure, ancl was ei-ected about 1816. The first post-office ill the townsbip was at McFarlane's Tavern, near Palmer-, ville. Andrew McFarlane was the first Postmaster. There was a murder committed at that tavern forty years ago. The place was a. resort for all thle roughs of the neiabborhood- One Samuel Burns was a saddler by trade, and lived near there. He was a small, iioffensive man, fond of his drinks, and a goocl workman. One night he walked into the bar-room and called for a glass of whisky. Among the loafers in the room was a noted bully namaed Linton. As the bar-keeper placed the glass of liquor upoll the counter, Linton stepped up and drank it before Burns could take it. Burns reproved himl for his impudence, and said that that was not the way Americans did. Linton, who was an Irishman, knocked him down. Burns arose and told him that if they were of nearly the same size, he would not have dared to strike him; and that, small as he was, it would not be well to do so again. Linton knocked him down again. Burns sprang up without a word, and, drawing a saddler's knife from his pocket, plunged it into Linton's bowels. The latter fell to the floor and died on the spot. Burns gave himself up to the proper authorities, was tried, and sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but was pardoned at the expiration of two years. He was a man who had sustaiiied a good character in th-e townslhip previous to his c,rime, for whiclh there was some excuse, to say the least. There are now two post-offices in the township-oi-le at Remington, on the Steubenville Turnpike, five aild a lhalf mniles fromn Pittsburgh; the otl-ler at Palmersville, nine miles from tlhe city. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad crosses the southeast corner of Robinson. The coal works of the Mansfield Coal and Coke Company lie on this road, near Chartiers Borough. They ruin out an average of about twelvTe tlhousand buslhels of coal per day. A full descriptioin of the works, and also of the Pennsylvania Lead Company's works, adj oiniDng,will be found in tl-le chapter on maniufactures. STOWE TOWNSHIP, named froom Judge Stowe, was takSen from Robinson Township in 1869. In 1764 a grant was made to Alexander,McKee of a larU,e tract of land at the miouth of Chartier's Creek, in what is now Stowe Township. Thef)llowiDng is a copy of the ori-inal docurnent, which vvas in the bandwritingo of Colonel Bouquet, then commander of the garrison at Fort Pitt: "By Colonel Bouquet, commanldincg his Majesty's forces in the Southern District, permission is hereby given to Alexander McKee, Assistant Agent for Indian Affairs, to occupy and build upon land at the mouth-of Shertee's Creek, on the south side of the Ohio.. In coinsideration of which he is to pay five sbillings yearly, if deimanded, and also to be subject to such regulations as hlis Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, mnay order fo r the -ood of his Majesty's service. "Given under my hand, at Fort Pitt, this 25th day of iNovember, 1764. HENRY BOUQUET "Colonel Commanding." IVe are informed fromn otlher sources thaat the tract talien up contained tbirteen, hundred aind seventy-five acres. James McKee, a brother of Alexander, was the first settler. IHis descendalits state that this settlem'ent was made in 1763. They also say that be came from the eastern part of the State, near Harrisburg. There is a bolief among the residents of tllat part of the towlnship that be was of Iindian descent, and possibly a half-breed. He settled not far from McKee's Rocks, wbich were namecl from hlim.* The land oln wbichi Joseph and Andrew Clever nowP live was survTeyed in pursuance of a warraint graiated to Joseph Pierce, April 13, 1769. Pierce was a resideint of Cumberland County and nlever occupied the laiid; but theire are indicationls that there were tenants upon it at a very early periocl, thougYh not as early as on the McKee tract. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution, Alexander McKee sidecl withl the British, and, on account of h-is sympathy with the eiieimy, an order was iissuedl by the Colonial authorities for his arrest. Tradition states that he fled the COUlltry on horseback and ran to the bailk of tlhe Ohio, where he attelmpted to swim the stream, and was thrown from his horse after he lhad entered it. Grasping the rian denomination. The Presbyterian church on the bank of Mill Run is also quite ancient. It was built in 1814. The first post-office was at Herriottsville. John McEwing was the first Postmaster. There are now two post-offices; one at Oakdale. Oakdale is a village of somie consequence, and lies partly in North and partly in South Fayette. The Chartiers Valley Railroad eilters tlle township, and runs through it for a sliort clistance on the soultheast. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad crosses it on the north. There are many pre-historic relies in various parts of South Fayette. Amao-n the niost noticeable are.some graves on a tract first occupiecl by John Vance. Large piles of stone, in several places OI1 that tr'act, were fouind to contaiin many and CUl'iOUS renmains of the stone aue. ROBINSON TOWNSHIP. Robinson Township was erected in 1M9. Since then its territory h-as been greatly dimiinished by tlhe formation of otlier townsbips, and the confirmation by the Court of the township of Stowe, in 1869, separatecl it almost eintirely from the river. It was named from Robinson Run, which, previous to the formation of Collier Township, boundecl it oil the south. In October, 1768, John and James Bell, two brothers, from somewbere in Virginia, came to the bank of Chartier's Creek, aiad passed the night on the tract now ownled by John Doolittle, near th-e borough of Mansfield, in Chartiers Township. Somle time duLring the next day they crossedl the creek, and passecl the secoiid nifflht on the opposite sbore, within the pr esent limits of Robinson Township, about three liundredl yards below North Mansfield Station. They were probably the first settlers in Chartiers and Robinson Townships, and it has been affirmiecl that they were th'e first white m'en who ever swuln- all axe on the banks of Chartier's Creek. This, howev'er, is very iiuprobable, as the McKee tract, "1 at the mouth of Shurtee's Creek," had been settlecl six years before, an-d there is no evidence that James McKee had not cut cortds of tiilnber there before the Bells ever Isaw the str eam-. After making' some tomalhawk imiproveiments, which consi-sted in cutting away the bushles in the corners of the tracts wbichi tlley intended to occupy, they returned to their families in Vir-inia. In the following sprinog (1769) they returned witli their families. John built a cabin in Chartiers, aind James in Robinson, Townsbip. Jamnes's shanty was on land now owned by J. C. Morrow. James Bell resided upon tllat tract of laiid, or near it, uiltil his death, which occurred in February, 1833. E-is life was an eventful oine, ancl it is to be re-rettedl that we have no lonC,er the means of obtaining a more mliinute record of his early career and adlventures. No slketch_ of thein has beenl preserved, and we are obliged to depend UpOIl the unsatisfactory and inconiplete traclitions of his descendailts. Froml thein we learn tllat lie was of Scotch dlescenlt and that wheni oinly fourteen years olcl be was captulredl by a party of Indciaiis iLl onle of the colonlies, where he wvas then living, andc was adopted by the tribe. After a residence of several yearSs witli Iiis captors, aiad numerous barclsliips and thrilling adventures, be wvas returnled to h-is friends, b-Lt wlhether by recapture, excliani-e of prisoners, or clesertion froma the tribe, we are unable to say. Years afterwardls he imet, onl Liberty Street, Pittsburgh, the Inidian who had taLen him fromz bom-e, aicl ill whose fainily he had been adopted. Bell was then a mail advsanced ill life, and mnust bave preseinted a very different appearance from the boy of sixteen or seveiiteen whomi the Inclian h-acl known years before, but he recognizedl Iini under the disgu'ise, althout,h Bell liad forgotteni tlhe old warrior. The Indian, it is saicl, was overjoyed to see himn, anid imade Iiiin presents of maiiy trinkets such as are prized by savage tribes. At length they partecl, aind Bell never saw bim again. It is a curious ficlt that the Bells were niever molested by th-e India-ns after coininlg to Allegheny County, alflioullg tlley were amiong' the very earliest settlers; and the couLntry swarmed with savages at that time. Though the settlers in other parts of the County were n'early all more or less subjected to Indian depredatioins, some mysterious falte seems to hlave protected them-somne league or compact wlhicll their barbarous neighbors niever in a sinlgle inistance violated. A child of James Bell, born in 1769, was thie first white chiilcl born in- the township.i A man named Campbell was anothler very early resident in thle townsbaip, as. was also James McMichael. Campbell was a Virginian, and settled near the run named from bini. McMichael was of Irish desce-nt; he located in thle township before thle Revolution, a-nd built a log, fort to protect himself and the neig,hboring settlers from] the Indians. The first school-house was oln tlle banks of Campbell's Run, and was built in 1775. A view of " McKee's Rocks" will be found on Plate XVI.The first post-office wvas at Sodom. There are no coal-works of importance, and no mainufactures. The villages, Brid,eville land Sodom, are each unimportant. Bridgeville is a station on the Chartier's Valley Railroad. There is a post-office there. The railroad l'UllS about a half-mlile in Upper St. Clair Township. The townlsbip is now separated from Lower St. Clair by Scott, which was erected from Upper St. Clair in 1861. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 153 horse's tail, he was dragged to the farther shore, whenlce the rapids at that point are knownl as " Horse-Tail Ripple" to this day. Various Iridian ancl pre-bistoric remlains have been found in Stowe as in the.neighboring -townslhips. There is a veiry large mound, on McKee's Rockis; upon its sumnmit trees a hundred years old are growing. C:omparatively few Indian outrages were committed ill what is now Stowe Township. WYe are told that one Patrick More was shot by them on property of John McKee, but are unable to learn the particulars, The resiclents of the viciDity still point out the spot where he is said to have been murdered, and, by naming a neig,hboring hill from him, have conferred an immortality upon his name wbich, but for his unhappyr fate, it woulcl never liave acquired. There were no churches in Stowe previous to 1854. In that year the little Catholic chapel was built a mile ande a quarter fromn the mouth of the creek, anal,on its bank. Rev.. Lucas Bantenely first preached in it. This ancl a Lutheran church, on the Middletown road, near laind now ownecl by James Allen, are the only churches in the townslhip. The first post-office was established about 1861, not far fromn the Catholic church. James Bryan was the first Postmaster and still continues in the office, which is called Chartiers, andc is the only one in the township. - ~~There are no villages of imlportance, and no public coal-works or manufactories in Stowe. Agriculture is the niain resource, and along thle bainks of l;he Ohio the inhabitants are largely engaged in gardening. The home of Shingiss, King of the Delawares, was in Stowe Township, near the mouth of Chartier's Creek, in 1753. UPPER. ST. CLAIR TOWNSHIP. St. Clair was one of the seven oriu,inal townslisips erected in 1788, and was namedl from General Arthur St. Clair, a brave but unfortunate officroth Revolution.. The first'settler in Upper St. Clair was John Fife. The earliest autbority places bis settlement in 1766; the latest in 1773. He was an Irishman, and had first settled in Winchester, Pennsylvailia, after emicyratinu, fromi his inative land. He lived there for about ten years, ancl then came to St. Clair Township, wlhere he purebased of a friendly Indian a thousand acres of laiid for a pair of leggings. WVe conaclude from this that he settled there before 1769, because the Indiaiis had no rigl-it to that property at that time, sincee the tract afterwardls known as St. Clair Township was a part of the purchase of 1768. It is not imnpossible that he was locatecl in the township in 1766, as several of our iilform-a-nts have assured us. John Connor settled not fair froin- the centre of Upper St. Clair in 1769. He was an Amnerican by birth, and came from Virginia. There were not many -depredatioins conmiiitted by the Indians in Upper St. Clair. About 1770 a runner came througli the township, aiicl warned the few settlers there that theI savages were comiDng in grreat force. Connor's fanlily flecl for a block-h-ouse, but hacl not gone far before they ascertainecl that the Inidianls were gainin,:, UpOil thenme In this terrible strait they took the oDly course that offered a possibility of safety, ancl hid ill the bushes. The enemy came on, stoppecl at th-e lhouse ancl exalliniied it, and then passecl themi by without any -damiage. But the family were too well acquaintecl with the Inclian character to.leave tlheir hiding-place, and in about all hour after tlhe niain body bad left, they observecl two savagyes-come slkulkim-, back. These Indians niade a carefiul exarnlination of the premises and of the bushes near the bouse, an a ent.appearing satisfied that the famlily- had taken final leave, departed to overtake their omrIde aindl returned nn n-irpeWYe learn from olcl records, still in the possession of the Connor family, that when the Revolution broke out, Cornelius Connor, who was the father of John and came to the township with himi, enlisted as a recruiting captain-from Upper St. Clair. At the same tirne lhis son, only sixteen years of age, entered the army,as an ensign. He was afterwards promoted in th-e service, ancl left it a major. He doubtless served during, the whole war. John Connor, the father of our in-formiant, was a- noted Indian scout during the Revolution and afterwards. There is an old earthwork in the township, on land of the Middleswart heirs, wbich -pr'obably had a pre-historic origin. There are also some of the old graves on the -same tract. The first school-house was on land of John Fife. It stood there over a hundred years ago. Sixty years ago inothing but the chimney remlained to mark the spot. There is but one church in the tow'nship.. It is Presbyterian, and was built at Brid;,eville, in 1871. SCOTT TOWVNSHIP has Do river-coast, being separated from the Monongahela by Chartiers, Union, and Lower St. Clair Townships. The tow'nship was named from General Scott, aind was erectecl fromi a part of Upper St. Clair in 1S61. The first pernmanent settler in Scott was, no doubt, Alexander Long. He settlecl on the place now occupied by Mr. Irwin, iiear Mount Lebanon, in 1773. He was of Irish descent, and came to the township from York County. Two other names appear occasionally among the unwritten records of what is nlow Scott Township, and these are John Henry and Andrew McFarlane, both of whom took up land there at one time, and iilay bave been in tlle townslhip before Long. Bl3ut they seem never, to bave residecl tbere. for any length of tizle, butt camie ancl went like the Indians, with this exceptioin, that they left whenever tlle Indians carne. Thus it is relatecl that McFarlane weint to this townslsip ancl built a cabinl ol bis lalncl. But the Indians attaclked him shortly after, and chased bim unltil withinl range of the guns of Fort Pitt. This race wals SO celebrated at the timie that it has been orally handecl downl, like " Brady's Leap," from generationl to.generatioil. McFarlane came from Ireland to America in 1758, and in 1774 lield, under Governor Penn, a coninmission as justice of the peace in the vicinaity of Fort Pitt. It was about this timie that he was driven from Scott Township. There wvere few of the early pioneers whose lives were miore eventful, but though he fl,ured on several occasions in. the history of Scott Township, we have no recorcl that he was ever a resident. Henry, although a land-owner in Scott, was at first a resiclent of wliat is now anotlier township. He settled, however, in 1773 or 1774, in Scott Township, anld reiiiained there with his,family. Major William Lee came to Fort Pitt somie time dlurin- the Revolution, and afterwards settled in Scott Township. He wals an Englisman by birth. In 1794 the house of General Neville, near Woodville, was burned to the ground by the Whisky Insurgents. A mnan by the name of McFarlane was shot from tlle house by some of t'ne general's friends or slav7es. It is said that th-e general escaped death by bidinl, -under the old Episcopal church. This church was the first ill the townsliip. Scott has two post-offices, one at Woodville. and one at Mount Lebanon. The first school-house was at Mount Lebanon, near the preseilt site of tlile United Presbyterian church.;Amon,, ancient relies mnay be mentioiied the remains of an old mill built before -1800, by Captain Samuel Morgan. It is still to be seen, and stands on Painter's Creek, at a place known in the township as Wolf-pit Point, froim a wolf-pit that was dug there by some of the early settlers. Indeed, there is a traditioi that wild beasts were peculiarly troublesome in this township at that time, and that it was alnmost impossi ble to protect domestic animals from their ravages. The howls of the wolves at night were fearful, andl they prowled close to the cabin walls. Panthers dropped upon the unwary traveler from the trees, and the bears were so bold as, on one occasion, to walk indoors and take possession of a log house. Although there is an abundance of coal, it is not so ex:tensively mined as in many of the neighboring townships. The Chartier's Valley Railroad ru ns along the -westernl skirts of the t-ownship,,on the baiiks of Chartier's Creek, which is a clear and rapid stlieam of considerable importance and great natural beauty. Woodville, a small village on -this strean-1 contains one church, a grist-mill, a post-office, and store. The glass-manufactory of James Lindsay, a short distailce above Woodville, is doing a larg,e and profitable business. LOWER ST. CLAIR TOWNSHIP. The early hlistory of this townslhip is nomlinally the same as that of the eintire territory su'rroundinog the con-fluence of the rivers, ancl in the general h-istory of the County will be found everythin-, of consequence. pertaining, to this portioii o fof the`route subsequently pursued by the Ohio Company, and by Washington and Braddock, though it was undoubtedly, a well-known and prominent one. Continuing down the left bank of the Allegheny, Gist crossed at a point a few miles above its junction with the Monongahela, which latter stream he makes no mention of, probably because he passed to the right of the " Hog-back Hill," in Allegheny, which would effectually hide the mouth of the Monongahela from his view. He visited Logstown, where Tannacharison, a chief of the Mingoes, and who was called a half-king of the Six Nations, had his home. He was received apparently with distrust, and gained very little inforination here. Passing west, he next visited the Ottawa and Wyandot villages, on the Muskingum River. The Ottawas were friendly to the French, and the Wyandots were somewhat divided. At this point Gist found George Croghan, the agent of Pennsylvania, and the two held a council with the chiefs. They then visited the Shawanese, on the Scioto River, and went as far as the Miami Valley. Crossing the Great Miami on a raft of logs, they visited Piqua, the chief town of the Pickawillanies, where they made a treaty with the last-named tribe, and representatives of the Weas and Piankeshaws living on the Wabash. From this place Croghan returned, but Gist followed the Miami to its mouth, and went down the Ohio to within fifteen miles of the great falls at Louisville, returning by way of the Kentucky River, and thence over the Cumberland Mountains to Virginia, in May, 1751 having, during his journeyings, visited the Mingoes, Delawares, Wyandots, Shawanese, and Miamis, and appointed a general council, to be held at Logstown, for the purpose of forming an alliance between the Indians and the Colony of Virginia. In the mean time some traders from Pennsvlvania had opened a trading-house at some point, not certainly known, but within the limits of the State of Ohio, and certainly within the region claimed by the French. The latter, accompanied by a band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, demanded the traders of the Miamis, who refused to surrender them; whereupon a battle ensued in which fourteen of the Miamis were slain, and the traders taken to Canada, where some accounts say they were burned.* The English now determined to purchase the disputed territory from the Indians, and accordingly Messrs. Fry, Lomax, and Patton were dispatched by Virginia to meet them in council, which was held at Logstown on the 9th of June, 1752. Gist attended this council as agent for the Ohio Company. The Lancaster treaty of 1744 was produced, but the Indians insisted that " they had not heard of any sale of lands west of the Warrior's Road," "which ran at the foot of the mountains (Allegheny Ridge). The Commissioners endeavored to get the assent of the Indians to the treaty of Lancaster by offers of goods, and mentioned the proposed settlement by the Ohio Company at the forks. The Indians recognized the treaty, and the authority of the Six Nations for making it, but insisted that no western lands were conveyed by it, and declined having anything to do with it. They were willing however, to have the Company construct a fort at the forks of the Ohio. This did not satisfy the Commissioners, and they persuaded the Indians through Motour, the interpreter, to recognize the Lancaster treaty in its broadest sense, which they finally did, and the tribes united in signing a deed confirming it, on the 13th of June. At the date of these negotiations, the country adjacent to the forks of the Ohio was occupied by various tribes, or nations. The Shawanese, who may scarcely be said to have had a permanent abiding place, were settled along the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers. The Delawares were intermingled with the Shawanese, having removed westward from their former homes on the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. Their king, Shingiss, was found by Washington, in 1753, located at the Mouth of, Chartier's Creek, about two miles below the forks, and their queen, Allquippa (variously spelled), at the nouth of the Youghiogheny. The Delawares also had a town, called Shanopin's Town, on the left bank of the Allegheny, two miles above the forks. The Senecas of the Six Nations were also dwelling on both the Allegheny and Ohio; and these distinct nations appear to have been living, peaceably together, at the same time preserving their manners, customs, and dress. The following letter, addressed by a French officer to Governor Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, shows with what determination the French prepared to make good their claims. "DE CHINIQUE, June 6, 1751. " SIR, -Monsieur the Marquis de la Gallissoniere, Governor of the whole of New France,having honored me with his orders to watch that the English should I I i I i I i I I i i i I i I I I I I I i HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 18 make no treaty in the country of the Ohio, I have directed the traders of your government to withdraw. "You cannot be ignorant, sir, that all the lands of this region have always belonged to the King of France, and that the English have no right to come there to trade. My superior has commanded me to apprise you of what I have done, in order that you may not affect ignorance of the reasons of it; and he has given me this order with so much the greater reason, because it is now two years since Monsieur Celoron, by order of Monsieur de la Gallissoniere, then CommandantGeneral, warned many English, who were trading with the Indians along the Ohio, against so doing, and they promised him not to return to trade on the lands, as Monsieur Celoron wrote you. "I have the honor to be, with great respect, "Sir, your very humble and obedient servant, "JONCAIRE, "Lieutenant of a detachment of the Navy." It would seem from very competent authority~ that Gist had recommended the point at the mouth of Chartier's Creek as the proper place for a settlement, and it is stated that in the latter part of the year 1752 he was actually at work laying out a town and fort there. If he was ignorant of the locality at the forks and had no knowledge of the mouth of the Monongahela, his selection of the point. before mentioned may be readily accounted for. It was at the mouth of a considerable stream, and near to the Indian village (Logstown), and had also as good a site as any in the neighborhood, being,, no doubt, as favorably located for defense as the fork itself. Soon after the Logstown treaty,. Gist, no doubt thinking the Indians were permanently pacified, and that there was no more danger to be feared from their incursions into the interior of the State, on account of the protection soon to be afforded by the Ohio Company, and having had his property destroyed and his family scattered by an Indian raid, concluded to abandon his settlement on the Yadkin and make a new home in Pennsylvania on the great route of travel adopted by the Ohio Company. He accordingly selected a location a few miles west of the Laurel Ridge, and near the present town of Uniontown, in Fayette County. Here, some time in 1752, in company with eleven other families, he began his new settlement. If a town was ever laid out or a fort commenced at Chartier's Creek, they were certainly abandoned, for Washington makes no mention of them in his journal of the next year (1753), when, visiting this region. In the spring of 1753 the French began the erection of a chain of forts from Lake Erie to the Ohio, beginning at Presq' Islell (now Erie). One was located at Le Boeuf (now Waterford), another at Venango (now Franklin), and they no doubt intended to add a fourth at the forks of the 0hio, had not the Ohio Company anticipated them. From Captain Joncaire's letter in June, 1751, supposed to be dated at Venango, it will appear that they were in occupation at that date, but perhaps only temporarily. One writer states that there were two forts built at Venango, one on each side either the French Creek or the Allegheny River. The second one was called Fort Michault. As Captain Joncaire was quite a noted personage, a short sketch of him will no doubt be interesting. In Smith's "History of New York" is the following, notice of his father: " Canada was very much indebted to the incessant intrigues of this man. He had been adopted by the Senecas, and was well esteemed by the Ontondagas. He spoke the Indian languages, as Charlevoix affirms, " avec la plus sublime eloquence Iroquoise,' and had lived amongst them, after their manner, from the beginning, of Queen Anne's reign. All these advantages he improved for the benefit of his country. He facilitated the missionaries in their progress through the Cantons, and more than any other man contributed to render their dependence upon the English weak and precarious. Convinced of this, Colonel Schuyler urged the Indians, at his treaty with them in 1719, to drive Joncaire out of the country, but his endeavors were fruitless." His son, the author of the letter to Governor Hamilton, given heretofore, seems, from all accounts, to have followed the course his father pursued, and to have given the English a great amount of trouble. He may have been identical with the Captain Jean Coeur from whom the leaden plate was stolen by the Seneca Indian in 1749. We shall meet Joncaire again during Washington's journey to the French posts, in 1753. The Marquis de la Jonquiere, Governor-General of Canada, died in Quebec, May 17, 1752, and was succeeded by the Marquis de Duquesne de Menneville, one of the ablest statesmen and soldiers which France ever sent to America. He was a grandson of the famous Admiral Abraham Duquesne. He was recalled, at his own request, in 1754, to re-enter the navy. The first fort erected at Pitts+ Craig's Olden Time. This letter is variously translated by different authors. # Annals of the West. 11 Some accounts say this work was built in 1732. * Annals of the West. t Supposed to mean Chenango, or Venango. Translated also Skenango.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 154 the County, reachin, back as far as the parti-al con'struction' of Fort Duquesne by Ensign Ward, ancl its subsequent -abandonillleiit to the French, and Washington's visit the year previous (1753) to Logstown anicl the French forts at Venango and Le Boeuf. Amoino the earlier settlers may be rtlentionedl Williamn Dilworth, who camie to thle neigbborhood in, 1791,'when Pittsburgh was a mere straggling vJillage,'connectedl by row-boat ferries with the settlemeints, at what are now Allegheny and Birmingham. The present Fifth Avenue wit1h its costly and beautifiil edifices, was then a line of shanties. Two general stores transacted most of the business. Mr. Dilworth joined General Harrison's army in its camnpaicyns against the British and Indians, and was at that time just of affe. He was the first settler on. Mount Washington, opeined some of the first coal-mines,.and was one of the first to supply Pittsburgh with coal., He was' married in 1817 to Elizabeth Scott, daughter of Colonel Samuel Scott, of Ross Township, havrinfg er7ected a dwelling some time previous to biis marriage. He built perlhaps the first scbool-house in Lower St. Clair Township aiid gave free schooling, to the ebildlren of the miners in his employ,-pjaid the teacher out of his own pocket, ancl purchased books for the -pupils. Mr. D. paid fifteenl dollars per acre for tl-ie coal laiids be purchased southi of Pitts-' burgh, and-during the latter part of his life solcl quLantities of the same land for tlhree tbousand clollars per acre. The school building was erected by bim'about 1S20. In conmpany with a Mr. Coltart, I-e buLilt the preseiit court-houso and jail in Pittsburgh, about 1832-35; also the piers of the old Monongahela bridge, saicl briclge being clestroyed in tlhe great fire of April 10, 1845. About 1847 hemxas elected to the Legislature, ancld servTed onie sessioil. A church was erected at what is now West Liberty, about IS59-60, and although there:nay bave been earlier oiies, tlhis is the only one we can learn ainything of -fromi present inlhabitants of the towniship. West Liberty was incorporatedl inlto a borough in the spring of 1876. It is priiicipally settled by imein eniployedl in the iLumerous coal-miiies. At the village of West Liberty are a church, school-house, two hotels, a store, wagon~, and blacksmith-shop, etc., etc. The surface of Lower St. Clair Township is muchl the sa'me as in the rest of thje County, billy and broken. Numerous small streamis flow through it, and spr'ing s are exceedingly abundant, tbus affording plenty of, water aind power for manufacturing purposes, sh-ould it be ineeded. Coal is the staple procluction of the township, althougfh ag,ricultural pursuits are quite extensively carried on. The inbabitants are generally in good circunmstanlces. The townsbip was erected in 1788,. UNION TOWNSHIP. In 1860 a new townsbip was fornmed from a small part of Chartiers, and was named Kirkpatrick, from Judge Kirkpatrick of the Court of Quarter Sessions. The name subsequently proved unsatisfactory to the inhabitants, and was chanlgedl to Union by the court in 1861. Isaac Sellers was probably the first settler in that territory. I-e was a Virginian, and settlecl in 1773,'on land now owirled by Alexander Carnihan. James Kearns came to a tract now owned by heirs of Thomas Kearns between the years 1770 and 1775. His settlement was probably made in 1774. William Chess settled on an adljohinin, tract at about the same time. Kearns and Chess were both froin Ireland. Kearns was out on several occasions after the Indian marauders with John Henry, of Scott Township, ancl others. The first church was built in 1817, and was of the Presbyterian denomination. James Carter was the first Justice of the Peace.. He held the position until the new constitution mnade the office elective. The first post-office was near land of Alexander Carnihan, and was called Green Tree. The first Postmaster was David True. There is but one post-office at present, and only a tri-weekly mail. Union bas extensive coal-mines, no less than three openiing in Banksville. That place was named from Banks, the maiden name of Mrs. Carnihan, the wife of Alexander Carnihan, inow living in Union. e It is q.uite an importanit coal village, and a railroad runs from it to the city. It is on Little Saw-Mill Run, and th'e scene of some- of the worst devastation,of the flood of July 26, 1874, by which iio less than thirty persons from Union Township were drowned. There wfas another terrible flood upon that stream in 1826, but its baiiks were but thinly populated at that time, and no one in Union perished. Union is thickly settled, and its population has, changed very rnuch since its,original isettlement. Alexander Carnihan is the oiily remaininc, soldier of the war of 1812 now livinig witbin its boundaries. He servTed as a serg;eant under General Harrison. SNOWDEN TOWNSHIP -- was n amed froml Judge Snowden, of Pittsburgh.. It was'erected from, parts od Upper St. Clair and Jefferson in I 845. The first settler in the townsbip was Oliver Miller, who- located in' th e south-- iern part, on a branch, of Peter's Creek, on the farm now owned by his desceendants. From an old Bible, now in the p?ossession of Mrs. Miller, widow of the late Oliver Miller, wbo was a grandson of Oliver Miller, Sr., we find that the latter married on January 2-7, 1745.c -James Miller, bornlMrh29 3 wa hs egt -child, and we- are assured by Mrs. Miller that he was born i-n the territory -nolv vecupied by Snowden Township. From this and- other, corroboratinog facts, we conclude that Oliver Miller had made his settlement there as early.as~ 1762 - His farm was n-ever- patenited -in his name, but -was surveyed and patented on application of his son, James in 1785. Of his previo us history but, little cain bJe obtained. He was oblied t-o leave the township once, at le' st, after bis first- set-'tlement, a:nd flee with- his family to a fort-on, the Allegheny He was killed in the whisky insurrection in 1794. Among other early resideiits -appear the names of James Wilson, William Larmer and Joseph Logan, who were in the township before the organization of the County, and Benjamin Kirkendall and Andrew Nye, some of the leading men in after years. Nye was of German descent, and was for mlany years a Baptist preacher.. The -first preachiing ill the township was by the celebrated John McMillan, 1).D., -the, -pioneer prea-cher of, Western Pennsylvania. His first sermon inl the townslhip was delivered at the farm-hou.se of Oliver Miller, in th-e latter part of 177S or early in 1779. This was the g;erm of Bethel Church, although the first buildiDg was not erected at Bethel ulntil -severa-l years later. Rev. Clarke was the first regularly ordained pastor. The Baptists bad a cl-urch in Library, built in December, 1793. Rev. David Phillips wras t lie first preacher at that place. Log school-houses were doubtless numerous among- the early settlers, but we bave no record of any previous to the, one on the Brownsville road, on land now owned by Henry Miller.- There was also one at the commencement of the present century on the farm of Huqh McElhenny. The first school building of any pretensions was of brick, -and was'ereceted onl tlle Oliver Miller tract about 1822., We are informed by an old and reliable resident that there were no less than six of the common -log school-houses in the township in I-805. - There are now two churebes,- the Presbyterian, at Bethel, and the Baptist,;at Library so called fi-om a small public library started there years ago. - Snowden bas seven public schools, besides an academy started at Bethel in 1835, and;~rebuilt in 1856. There-are no villages of importance. The coal of the township is not worked extensively. --- There are many pre-historic remains, but none of special note. Farmlnog is the only~ occupation of the -inhabitants. The land is, abunda-ntly watered, Peter's Creek and its branches passingy througcih- it. Peter's Creek was named from -tb-e Indian of tha~t name who lived on- its banks previou-s to the white settlementsO. BALDWIN TOWNSHIP. In June, 1843, a petition was presented to the Court of Quarter Sessions, by various inhabitants of Upper and Lower St. Clair, Jefferson, and Mifflin praying for the erection of a new township, to be formed from parts of, each. of the tow-n ships which they represented. The prayer of the petitioners was granted; tenwonsiwanamed Baldwin, from Judge Baldwin, and was confirwped February.:24,-1844. In- 1875, the line between' Baldwin and Lower St. Clair was changed, so as to throw the farm of the heirs of William Noble, Esq., into the new township. It was formerly upon the line, and lay partly in Lower St. Clair. Baldwin contains about ten thousand four hundred acres in its present bounlds.,Made up as it is of small fractions of four older townships, and inhabited by a.population which has changed more-than-is common in this County, we have found it absolutely impossible to ascertain with certainty its first settler, or any.data -of,g'reat interest. William Wightman and John Stewart were. residents, at -a very. early period. Stewart came from Ireland, and settled nlear the centre of th present limits -of Baldwin. H-e'was liv'ing. there in 1780, an'd probably-loni g b efore. He was the~ first to, make any improvements on -the tract upon which he, settled, and he lived upon it until the timne of his death. Late in life he married Sarah Montgomery, an Irish woman, and sister of William Montgomery, formerly well known in Pittsburgh.I I i i I i I I i i i i HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 155 No t-ownship in tlio-;County can b)oa8t a iiiore, interestirlg blistory. Its settlenllent~ Iwas ainoriic the first,-it-s pr-e-historic:relics are -tho most- wonderful. its Indian: adventures: among -the most thrilling, and its early -log, fortifications, barrack,s'etc., areof, pecliarand,we may add, a mysteiious: ch-aracter.; The first white'settler in Charti ers Township was John Bell. As mentionedi in our'sketch of- Robinson Township'he first can'le in October, 1768,'and maIde: axpermanent residence inAtheVsprinr4, of 1769.. Cnthie ni(,ht of the::first arri'val of te Be],JonXelcta large chip from', an old swamp, oak, on the bankS of the~ creok, with which. to. make a hominy-block. That tree.was: often pointed out in after-years'a's the first tree-ever chipped. by zt vhite man -on Chartier's Creek., It was standing utl. July, 1873, whein it was. blown dow n in, a. heavy storm. -.$-................. John Bell's settlement was made on land now.ovvned by John Doolittle. - He l; died.there ~March 5, 1829.: "":.-..'David Steel wa.eyearly settler, and probably--the first in the.uplands o the township.:.:..':.''...: Jacob Day was a,,nono'the -first jn the northwrestern part; and John Lorraine, Joseph Hall, and Joseph Toe, who came, at'about the -same time, are. quot-ed. as "old residenters": by the oldest inhabitants- of the present, day..:.'. On.'the- bank of Chartier's Creek, a' half-l-n'ile' or ~Inore from Broadhead post-office, there: lies a- valley of un'usual -beauty..It contaiDs, perhaps,': a, square mile.' The creek mea'nders in a graceful -curve along its western. bounds, a-nd precipitous hills, risingo -on the.east, and stretchin, for' a short dista;nce to. the north and souith, at. lenglth chanz,e their, course at each Eextreiiity of the range, and' slope gradually to/ the.inargin- of the water. It is thus completely stirrounded fby- hills and rapids, a-nd -a high' blu ff toweraing above its neighbors on the, southeast, overl.ooks and coznmands the whole.. In -that valley volumies of history are buried. In 1825' and before, there stood near its centre a vTery large logf building, knowi. as Hand's Hospital. It was about. o.ne hundred feet in length, thirty in wvidtb, was Itwo'stories high, and had a: porch exten-din, entirely-around it. There were two. doors,. oDe on either side, but.no.windows,. and two part-itions divided it. into three rooms above and below. Several small block-houses!,surroun'ded. it; at some distance.. Statements differ in reo,ard to the number, some placing it as high as' fifteeln, and others sayin- that there were not more than- five. Mr. Henry Ingram, who lives near the place and. can remem ber. the. buildingsy assures, us'tbat there w'ere at least. ten,-and that one of them. was, larger than the'.rest, and stoodupon the high:bluff mentioned above.~.The hospital was Sprobably built by General Hand, during his command at Fort Pitt, which was, then an uiihealthy, place, and his sick soldiers were -doubtless removed from the -fort to that place, which was as favorable,.for their. convalesscence as any. in the.County....Wbether the small, circle of block-houses were fortifications or not, we are unable to say, but think,zit extre'mely,probable.that they were; and this; seems -to be the opinion of the old inhabitanlts. Nothing but the old hospital- well and -several heaps of rotten wood now remain' to imark wliere the buildings, stood. Grape-shot, s everal twelve-pound-cannon shot, lancets,. and surgical -instruments of vario.us descriptions have been found scattered- there in profusion. - We are surprised that the spot has n.ever before -foun'd a place in history. At a short distance east:of the sitedo the old hospital stands th:e house in whiclh Jennie Stoops. and her child.were captured by Indians, in 1780.: The followinm, account was obtained from a dau--hter of the child that. was captured, and is the -fiilst correct statement of the afFair ever presented to the public: Stoops and his wife had ~planted a field of corn in thalt rich valley, and were in the hlabit of passing the nigrht at Fort Pitt, as the Indians were troublesome at the time. On this ni,,ht, however, they concluded to-risk' tlle dant,er of lod,ino, in their lo-, house, as they were very tired froin their d-ay's work.' Accordingly,'with their little boy, William, then five years old, they enteired the house, barred- tbe, door a.nd slept un'til near m.orninff.' The Indians then surrounded. them. Mrs. Stoops, on awaking and- seein'g that a winldow of' the house was not -guarded, urged her husband to escape through it, and, if possible, make his way back to Fort Pitt for the' sake- of their other children that she had left the morning be:fore. He complied, and succeeded in reaching the fort unobserved.'T-he Indians, sbortly after his escape,.broke into the bouse, captured Mrs. Stoops and her child, and left in a northwesterly direction.. A short ~time previous to these eveiits, ~the celebrated Indian scout, Samuel Brady, liad been, sent out by Colonel Broadhead to watch the nilovements, of the Indians -near Sandusky. He was now returning with a band 6of followers,;and had but one chart,e of ammlunition left, and that, was in his rifle. His party was entirely out-of.food, and, tellinf, them -tha't he would go lout in- tlle woods- alon'e and attoi'npt. to sboot a deer, he'left, dressed in the costume of an Ind.ian warrior.; He -hbad not' trbaveled fJar when, a de'er appeared, and h-e raised his-. rifl:e but' it missed. fire, and,..the -anim'nal Jacob Crady, a~ Hessian, captured atthe battle of Trenton. settled near Street's Run between,'178S2 and 1787. *We- also find the namne of Robert. Douglass amonc, tlio ~residernts of the tow.nship before, 1790, -and he w'as,the first Justice of-the Peace in the township. He was -servii- ~in-- that ea acity;.-previous to 1.7-92. In. 1794, John Varner, of Lancaster County, a German by birth, came to the township: and settled- near the present site of the, German Lutheran church. Hisson, Thomas Varner, is the oldest-'acting Justice in the County. -His first cowmission:was from Governor Schultz, and was recorded July; 4,: I83(O, and he: bas; held the office without~ intermissioni to thae pr'esent time.-' Thefirst post-office in Baldwin was Surgeon's Hall, on the Brownsville road. One Curry had lived there previously who- was, or' pretended to be, a physician. and surgeon- aind from his profession the, post-office derived its' name.; -The German Lutheran church, built' in 1812, near "Squire Varner's, was the first in the township'.''..;. -- XThe first school-house of whichwe a-re able to obtain any informnation:was- a 10og b-Lildlno, near the Lutheran church. It was built as late:as 1 807, but -there were, no doubt, school-houses hi the townlship before that. There fare now six churches~ and five post-offices, in'the township.'-.: There is a small glass-manufactory near Carrick post-office. -- Th'e coal-works of Baldwin n are extensive, and- there are iio less than, three railways which carry the "black diamonds" to the Monongahela. The Castle Shannon road- -'uns. from the Inclined Plane in Pittsburgh, and termi-nates at Castle Shannon, as imp,ortant-a.village as tlhere is in Baldwin contains somie dozeii dwellings, a hotel, a church, one store, and a post-office. Baldwin is thicklystldan a lage Petcentaoe of the ~prese~nt-pop'ulato'i German. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. was erected from a part of Mifflin in 1828, and, was nanied- in, honor of: the third President of th-e United States. Zadock Wright was a native of Virginia, and in 1755 -was a wagoner in Braddock's army.,At tedisastrous defeat he cUt two horses loose and rode backz home.-'He afterlwards returned to Western Pennsylvania, and settled on a tract in Jefferson Township that he I-ad passed on his retreat. His patent- was; dated 1784, but he was-probably a' resident in -the township, some time befor e, and was, without doubt, the first settler. His land was on Peter's Creek, and lay at that time in Peters and Nottingham Townships, Washington County. At that place he lived, raised a- most ungracious progeny, and died. Two of his sons, Ephraim and Ezekiel, were sent to the penitentiary for stealing horses, and Zadook, Jr. was a notorious outlaw.' Benjamin Custard was also an early resident, -and was~ probably in the' township in 1785, and perhaps before. His land was near Peter's Creek, a mile and a, half from the Washington County lin is now occupie bhidecendlants, who have changed their names to Castor. John Trumbo made a settlement contemporary with Custard's. The oldest church was of recent date. It was of the Methodist denomination:, and was built in 1843. William Snee was the builder, and Rev. Abner Jackson was the first preacher. It is on the Limetown Road. The first log(, school-house was probably at Gill Hall. The -date -of its'erection is lost.. X -.... There are two post-offices in the township, Gill Hall and Coal Valley. Coal Valley, or " Calamity," is the only village of any imlportance. It has a graded schsool and church. Lewis's Run empties i-nto Peter's Creek in Jefferson Township. At a farm near-~the con-fuence there is a field generally known as the " Fort Field" frma old pre-historic fortification which stands there. It is now nearly obliterated by the rains of aues, and still more by the plow; but parts of it, may still be distinguished. It is an earth and stone work, and in and around it.many of the common stone axes and other ancient implmnshv enuerhd CHARTIERS TOWNSHIP derived its name from the beautiful creek so called, and the creek was named from the half-breed Chartier,* mentioned in the early annals of Western Pennsylvania. The. rth-ography given in "Washington's Journal" is Shurtee.,-ran.lof.-fi:fe examining the toucbh-lole-aild:satisfying.biniself'tbat it w6uld;not fAil again, hewalkzed. on,. when, h.earinganie e dod edbeind' some rs just as a pcarty: of. Indi'aiis:ca.me in-.si-11t...A~ number: pass~ed, and l'ast.of -all caime.-an Iindian on liorseback withi a white child tied, to-him illn front,-and ca:white- woman'and,:a: squaw, walking t Ogether~. -The: cb'ld a'ppeared to. be asle6p f6r its bead rolled so that'at first, Brady did not'dalro to' carry out, his determination of -shooting Ihis captor, lest the bullet should: also pierce.tbe little priso'ner. At length, however, taking a falvorable opportunity, he''pullod thle tirigg er,"'and horea an.,captive. fell., - With a terrific. yell, to ana imnagiinary ba'nd- lof -whites- to surr'ound th-e red-skins, he ran to Jenny Stoops, with whoni be -was acquainted, and, callin, h-er b'y name, told her to follo,w him'.- It is saild that'he was so disguised that she at first supposed him an Indiani, and askSed him why he~ had sho't his -brother':; but upon' giving lier bis name she; rnwth himrl to th.e bus-hes.-' The In'dians'were.so confounded by the daring deed that they were at:first ne-arly paralyzed, b'ut'recovering as-Brad'y and, Mrs,. Sto-ops were I; ing,'tb:ey sent a-volley'fethm not a bullet of wbich harmed them, and they at length arrived safe at Fiort Pitt., In t-;te common vrersions of this~ affair, it has b'eenl st;ated that. Brady rescuLed tlle child with: the mother; buLt, althoiugh weR are unwillinog to dotract one iota from. the glory of Samuel Brady,' we are absoluLtely-'certaiii'that'this" is a'mistalke. The attempt' was made` but, being tied- to the bodyo the fallen Indian, it "was impossible for Bradlf to e'xtricate -iiin, and he, waLs left to the.'moecy of a mnerciless foe, As'one of-them ca-me to the dead w-arrior,- ho struckt the child'a blow upon the side of- the h-ead-with his: to:mahawk, inflicting' a~wou'und the scar o'f whichi he bore tolhis death. Th-esqua"wwho was wralkirnC, with Mrs. Stoops then interceded and potected- th bcild, and he was~. afterwards sold or gi ven to th British,- for he was resciled thre'e years afterwards, and was- at- that time witli a' British family. The naime, too, h-as commonly been written Stoop; but Stoops is the p'rop'e'r orthoffraph.''-X -- --:-The pla'ce is ilO'W to be'seen'in Lawrence County whr the Indian horesman was uid n'' uiu cincidence that tlie- young,est' ebild -of William Stoops, the b oy w'h.o w a scaptured',' ancl tomahawked, now: lives'within'a~ short,distancee of -that ur]iave.-'"'''- -: - -nanoth'er sidle of Hand's' Old Hospital ther a agir-itrcbrig irouiild and ne'ar a ledge of lrock's'the orh side' of the valley, ston -iplemet,of alni-ost e-very conceivable sli-ap'e, have b-een' found:, stone' mortars, pipes representin,- birds.:'and'various' an'imals; spea'l-heads,' gouges,. st'on e kdnives fo r skinnling, game, pieces of ancient pottery, and stonie axe-s and hatc'hets.; Ma-ny of the imiplen-ients are of'peculiar shape, and therisi'no u nknow'n, a'nd som'e' of the axes are6 of g,i-,an,tic size, and mutst have- be'en- used b-y a race superior in physical' strengt'to the mnof tle prsn ie his valley -seems tob -ae be-eiithe greatest resort in the CouLnty for the people wbo have left siich re-mnains.' - Copper has been found near' the Old Ho'spital in con-sidera'ble qu'antSitis n th'ere'was a salt-manufactory iiot far from it:'at the Chartiers Iron Bridge, so r ne forty years ago.'0 -'''' 00-0 The firs't school'-os in the townslhip'was built soennty'ye'ars ago,'at Will's Hollow, not far from the'spot: of w'hich wTe have be'en treatinig. The -first church'was Catholic, and was built in 1829. It is; near Crafton Station.'The first post-office was~'also nlear Crafton. James McDonnell wa's the fir'st Postmaster. -The old school-house at Will's Hollow (frio'n Will-o'-the-wisp) was burned down in. 181S. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati'and St. Louis Railroad ~ro~sses Chartiers.- The-tow'nship is thickly sett'led. COLLIER TOWNSHIP, so-called~ ~ ~ ~ ftmJudge Collier, of the Court of Common, Pleas, was fore fo'lh.about oiie-third of Robinson, one fourth of South Fayette, aind a- small add'itioin froiin North Fayette. The petition for its erectioni waLs erltered -in May,:18757 n thei:vote favorable to i-t wa ofrlned by the coulst-i tll te fall.of the same yer' -Tbee al no churchles' in -h onli,ald'ut one post-offi-ce,'hc is at Walker's Mill, and wzts forinecl longu bef'ore the, townshii'p' in'which it is' now' situ-h ated. Isaac Walker was tlhe first Postmaster. -;'';--- -; iAmngh first,'if -not the first, settler- in the terrtr-y no cuid by Collier Township, was John Henry. He einliurated fr'om the -present site of Walker's Mill in 1773, and'settled in, Scott Township Of his -ea'r'ly. histo'ry btit little'is kl nowll, except that he camne origyillally fiom, Dunkirk, France., Ho was proba~bl-y livin-g oni tho tract now- owned by Isaac Walker in" 1970- -- --- At abou'6t th-e sa'me tiine tlhat, Henry settled' ilear Walker's Mill, a large tradt was taken: ulp,partiy~ within, the Iim-its: of- the township: by James` Ewing, of Cecil County, Maryland. After Henry vc-cate d his t laiz- in 47z, Isaac Walker settled toii it;-adth Ewings an Walkers n-a;y th~ e c 1 adAhoVle-fore' be- co' 8ide" od t1w. fir8st pM(Mi.eftt I I i..HISTORY.-',OF-,,.,'A-,LLEGHENY.-:: COUNTYTENNSYLVANIA., l'o- -6settllA.-It issaidthat Ewing's tomahawk-claini-compri'se-d aboutt' tw thousand acres. There are some remains of all old mill now:- s4anidiig on1-n Robinson's Run wvhich was'6rected'by Ewing more -than a hundred' years ago.- The're"'S iisa tradition'to'the e'ffect that Isaac Walker ame; t'o the township -when, quite; young,'and that at that time he was engaged to be narrie to. a lady.'in York County.~ Every winlter for several yeatrs he: used to, return East to visit her;; butAthe' la'dy- pro-ved -false to him, and-married one Richardson,- who~ einigr ated with her to Westmoreland County on the Loyal, Hanna. Th'ere, h'e was killed by the Indians, after'a residence, of. several years - and, left bis widow with -two young, ehildreni to brava the perils of the wilderness alone. - Mrs~. Richardsion; took~ them ~on hor seback, and started for- her -home: across the mountain~s.; - Day'after day she` waildered-'car'rying ~one in. her arms, witlh the o ther~ riding behind and clin i ng-to her. -At~ leingth the older one -died friom ex:posure. 9 -The m'other sc'raped a shallow,,rave- for it in.the leaves. and' loose earth -alonc, her path,'and left it to be dev ouiL'ed. by wilcl beasts, and rode on. At last she reached home with her remaining child. Several' years afterwards Walker met. her while on a~ visit: to. -York ~County, forg'ave:her former coquetry,' and married her.: From' tha t union sp'rang- some of the best-kno'wn falmilies. in- tlie towinship..0;;-- James Ewing was a citizen of considerable, importance. in early -ti-mes, an'd was the first Justice of the Peace ill this re(Tion.-i' - - The. first school-house w as erected near Walker's Mill. -The, ruins,;of it -are still visible. f:' There a'r several remains of the' prehistoric race in the township, amogwhc nay.,be mentionie'd an Indian grave, so-caled,'on'the property"of E.: Wake - aiid an enormous stone mound, near Gregg Station..The minerat -resources'of Collier Township "are eOx:tensive'' but have- not ~been as fully developed as in some of tlhe neighboring townships. There are three coa~lminies now in successfuLl operatioD,-the Fort Pitt Coal Company, near Walker's Mill, Huntsman, Miller Co., at the same station, and the Cherry Mines, one mile west. There are also large ancl valuable quarries of flagstone within a few rods of Walker's Station.''' dThe Cunty Home a- large ar'id, commdious'bDu'ldling., is. situ;ate in- Collier Township, near Woodville. It is a beautiful brick; edifice.,'in one-of the' most picturesqule localities in, the Couanty.The Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Cincinnati Railroad crsethtonip alng the banks of Robinson's Run a clear, and beautiful stream tha't- e'mpties into V Chartier's Creek - X There are no villages of importanlce, and no manufac'tu'res'. t.!., CHARTIERS BOROUGH is siuae on Chartier's Creek ie' Cre at th j unto of th Chartier's Valley and Pan P Handle,:a.o,d,. It wa i nopr't.e in 187 fro a par of Robinson Township The Manshfield Coke and Coal Works isslituatedork liehartier' within it and junctlyion-oth Chartiers Tow eyn Panp heei also an extensive- planing-rniill; 1ikewise two schools, and' a German Lutheran church., .The-re -is'no post-office, the inhabitants of Chartiers obtaining;teirmi from Mansfield. The borough has tlhree hotels- and several. stores, also Ieea coalmines not, ment'ioned above'.: - -0 The place is of comparatively recent origrin. MANSFIELD BOROUGH was namneJ fi-oin Mansfield Brown, the -originat'roprietor.' It was incorporated fironi the village, wliich was.previously a'part of Scott Township, in. 1 S72.: It is separaited from, tlhe, borough of Chartiers, by Chartier's Creek,, and the Chartiers Valley Railroad passes through' it.'- - There is a large -public sch6ol, in the placee a -post-office', seven churches, and abouLt fifteen stores. Thei churches are Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Methodist, Colored Methodist, Welsh Baptist, Baptist, and Catliolic. There are'no mnanufactories witbin the borouLgh. WEST ELIZABETH BOROUGH. The town of West Elizabeth was laid out in. 1833 by Gilbert Stevens,. Erastus Percival, Andrew Craighead, and Samuel Frew, anid they. offered a premiuim of' fifty dollars to: thi-man.wh-o should -build the. first. house-;. John Keenan was theHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 19 burgh was named in his honor by Contrecoeur. Under Duquesne's adiministration the French became exceedinary active, and proceeded to occupy and fortify the whole western country. Thus we find the English and French in the spring of 1753 standing, face to face, with no solution possible but by the arbitrament of the sword: England powerfully intrenched behind her hardy colonies, and France advancing to the encounter with all the hereditary chivalry of " La Grande Nation," well officered, and backed by the great bulk of the most powerful Indian tribes. The first blood shed in this great contest, drawn by the hand of Washington himself, shook the, monarchies of Europe to their foundations, and changed the destinies of Christendom. The year 1753 begins the interesting history of the region around the present city of Pittsburgh. The eyes of two of the most powerful European nations were upon it, each determined to occupy and hold the grand strategical point at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, or, rather, at the mouth of the latter stream, for the Allegheny was then called the Ohio by many. Captain Stobo, in his plan of Fort Duquesne, made while a prisoner the next year, calls it the Ohio, and writers, in describing Grant's defeat in 1758, speak of some of the Highlanders being driven into the Ohio, evidently referring to the Allegheny. Here, among the rugged hills of western Pennsylvania, on the head-waters of the Ohio, began the conflict, apparently for the control of the site where now stands one of the great manufacturing centres of the globe, but which eventually enveloped America, Europe, and Asia in the sulphury clouds of war, precipitated the American Revolution, and, finally, broke up the ancient feudalism of Europe. The grandest character in this great drama, as the curtain arose upon the opening, scene, was far in the background of the glittering throng of crowned and jeweled monarchs, and princes, and famous commanders who crowded to the front: a plain, unpretending lieutenant-colonel of colonial militia. The trumpet-blast of battle sounded. The scarlet ranks of England, the bonny Highland plume and tartan plaid, the shamrock and the green, and the veteran legions of the Gaul from hard-won Fontenoy and many another bloody field came pouring o'er the restless sea, " and swiftly forming in the ranks of war," prepared, each man, to do his best devoir for king and fatherland. And, side by side with Europe s veterans, hardy and unflinching, as a Spartan band, came the gallant sons of noble sires from all the hills and valleys of the land. And that nothing might be wanting to give effect to all this grand array of war, the dusky sons of the forest, in eagle plumes and gaudy paint, swarmed by thousands through the dim old forest aisles, eager for the fray. When, after years of strife, the vapors lifted from the "rent and trodden field," lo, and behold! a nation had been born, baptized in blood, and taken their place among the peoples of the world! And at their head, honored and beloved like none before him,the plain Virginia colonel of the border fray! Robert Dinwiddie, a native of Scotland, had been appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the Virginia colony in 1752. Upon a careful investigation of the situation, he recommended to the Board of Trade in England that a series of fortifications be constructed in the West, for the better protection of the settlers and traders. Captain William Trent was sent, early in the season of 1753, on a mission to the French and Indians; but he seems not to have been the proper person for the position, and, after proceeding as far west as the Piqua towns, he became discouraged at the aspect of affairs and returned without accomplishing anything. It was immediately resolved to send another in his place. It was difficult to find a proper man who was willing to undertake the enterprise, but after careful consideration, and upon learning that Major George Washington would probably accept the position, the Governor concluded to appoint him. Washington was then just, past twenty-one, and the bluff Scotchman, to whom he was not unknown, said to him, " Faith, you are a brave lad, and if you play your cards well you shall leave no cause to repent of your bargain."* This appointment was certainly a high comlpliment to a young man who had just attained his majority, and could only have resulted from great confidence in his judgement and ability. WASHINGTON'S COMMISSION.'To George Washington, Esq., one of the Adjutant- Generals of the troops and forces in the Colony of Virginia. " I, reposing especial trust and confidence in the ability, conduct, and fidelity of you, the said George Washington, have appointed you my express messenger; and you are hereby authorized and empowered to proceed hence, with all convenient and possible dispatch, to the post or place, on the river Ohio, where the French have lately erected a fort or forts, or where the Commandant of the French forces resides, in order to deliver my letter and message to him; and after waiting, not exceeding one week for an answer, you are to take your leave and return immediately back. "To this commission I have set my hand, and caused the great seal of this Dominion to be affixed. at the city of Williamsburg, the seat of my government, this thirtieth day of October, in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of his Majesty George the Second, King of Great Britain, etc., etc. "Annoque Domini, 1753. "ROBERT DINWIDDIE." " To all whom these presents may come or concern, greeting: " Whereas I have appointed George Washington, Esquire, by commission under the great seal, my express messenger to the Commandant of the French forces on the river Ohio; and as he is charged with business of great importance to his Majesty and this Dominion, I do hereby command all his Majesty's subjects, and particularly require all in alliance and amity with the Crown of Great Britain, and all others to whom this passport may come, agreeably to the law of nations, to be aiding and assistig as a safeguard to the said George Washington and his attendants in his present passage to and from the river Ohio as aforesaid. " ROBERT DINWIDDIE." INST'RUCTIONS FOR GEORGE WASHINGTON. " Whereas, I have received information of a body of French forces being assembled in a hostile manner on the river Ohio, intending by force of arms to erect certain forts on the said river within this territory, and contrary to the dignity and peace of our sovereign, the King, of Great Britain: These are, therefore, to require and direct you, the said George Washington, forthwith to repair to Logstown, on the said river Ohio; and, having there informed yourself where the said French forces have posted themselves, thereupon to proceed to such place; and, being there arrived, to present your credentials, together with my letter to the chief commanding officer, and in the Name of his Britannic Majesty to demand an answer thereto. "On your arrival at Logstown, you are to address yourself to the Half-King, to Monacatoocha, and the ot her sachems of the Six Nations, acquainting them with your orders to visit and deliver my letter to the French commanding officer and desiring the said chiefs to appoint you a sufficient number of their warriors to be your safeguard, as near the French as you may desire, and to wait your further direction. "You are diligently to inquire into the numbers and force of the French on the Ohio and in the West; how they are likely to be assisted from Canada, and what are the difficulties and conveniences of that communication, and the time required for it. " You are to take care to be truly informed what forts the French have erected, and where; how they are arrisoned and appointed, and what is their distance from each other and from Logstown; and, from the best intelligence you can procure, you are to learn what gave occasion to this expedition of the French, how they are likely to be supported, and wbat their pretensions are. "When the French Commandant has given you the required and necessary dispatches, you are to desire of him a proper guard to protect you as far on your return as you may judge for your safety against any straggling Indians or hunters that may be ignorant of your character and molest you. "Wishing you good success in your negotiations, and safe and speedy return, "I am etc., "ROBERT DINWIDDIE. "WILLIAMSBURG, 30th Oct., 1753." Preceding the date of Washington's mission, the Half-King,, Tanacharison, hearing, of the movements of the French, made a journey to their posts on Lake Erie to expostulate in person against their contemplated encroachments on the Ohio. His mission was fruitless, the French treating, him with extreme hauteur; and the chief returned, disappointed, to Loystown. About this time, according to one author, a trading-house, said to have been erected by the Ohio Company at Loystown, was surprised by a detachment of French, the traders killed, and their goods, to the value of twenty thousand pounds, seized and carried away. This account is evidently a great exaggeration, and most probably entirely fictitious. As Washington followed the route (marked or proposed) of the Ohio Company, a few words regarding it may not be amiss. Before the company adopted this, route it was well known by the name of Nemacolin's Path, from the fact that the t This name is spelled in a variety of ways.:I Patterson, History of the Backwoods. * Lossing.-first man to put up a dwelling''in nthe'0pla -e', som'e time Rin 1 834 anid is still living in, it at -the- corner,of Second'and. Market, Streets. T.,,It,is- not:stated, however, that,. MNr.-,: E.z.enan~, ey,er rec,eive,d th, fiftW;dolr ofle..... -.-.-.;.,..The, o,r1-inal.,pDatentee, -of -the, tr,act, on,- w,hich the.boug nowf'stands,: was,.' Thomas Robinson. The.place was. Incorpora-ted a. a,, boroug,h -.rh3 848,, an,,.,t,he,follQwipu ex the.-first -b.9out,h:offi;e.rs, the..election:a,t,-,,whic,h..the.,were; chosen, bei,ng, h,!eId -on t4e third,, Fridavy of, Aprily of- thge,same. -y-ear,:., Burgess, William Coyan; Council, Fergson Biggs, John, B. McGrew, Isaac Hammett, Thos. F. Thomas, David Lynch. Te Council -met -and.,orgta!n,ized.May l. 848j and elected John P. Vance, Constable; Wellinton D. Harper, Town,Clerk; William Youdan, Treasurer; James Donalds, Collector; and Josiah Brink, Coal Measurer,..h.lte.. ofie.en,cetd t.y,c. of, Council. The first. boroug h,,tax;. levied, wa.s four lnills. on,the dollar.,:!SD;::.The first. 8choQl, Board w,as* as,fo,llows: For three yeays, John B. McGrew, T. F. Thomas;,for,-two,.years, John Keenan, James Donaldson;-, for. on,e year,; Paul Clutter, Isaac Hammett Jr. The. Scboo,l..Boar,Qd rganized,May 1,,:. ~1848.an,d; ele ted J. B. McGrew, President T. F. Thomas, Secretary Paul Clutter Treasurer, ad Belah Grimes, Tax Collector. About the year the vill,age.wa,s., laid, out, Eli Bentley bu.ilt a, saw-mill: where,. th e^: Walton mill n ow.sand. i- Sbp,ortly,after,wards, Gilbert Stephens,,p otheors c.oxnm.en,ced-w bo,4-b.uilding ne,ar that plaqe,,,and:,, tohe, bu,siness, w-as c ntinued, b var.ious parties,:until: 1852,,whe.n-it was. diseqntn,,, and th,e,coal business was, started in the place on a, large scale. Coal bad be,en. dug, ln.smallF quan,tities th,er-e from.-.1840.by Percival, McCurdy, and.McIntosh, but, thweir yvorks wereV only pr,InItiv,e,.aff, airs..-,Tbey,. were, situated. at tbe, low,er, end of -the: borough..:~. - The first fire occurred November 15, 1852, destroying.f,our, or fiV6'-houses in', what, was galled " Brick Row", on Water and Wayne Streets.., In, 1859 a: coal-pit was opened by O. Berry Co., this.being t,h,e ~ecouo -one wp,nd;sve.ha been u,nable to get,the facts-regar,ding. the,firs.t.-,,;,;..-,-;,.'In- l1861 a s.chool..b-Lilding,was. cownpletedf and,: m.ade, r,eady,,f,or occ upancy' the contraQtotr fo r,building, being Ferguson Biggs O. P. Berry Co. furnish,ing-, the. brick.....,..,...,-,..The.first Presbyterian church, was b.uilt.About 1 846, a,nd Rev. Dudley Calhoun was its, first,pso. Th.scn,,.,,uh,te Methodist Episcopal, ws built, in. 1,859, with Rev. Eaton as. its, first pastoy..--,...-- -u;--....The first school-ho,use,wa,s. of brick,,and,,erected in l 37.., It is, at present. OGcupieda?san armory by the "Parkinson Guards" (Company A, Fourteenth Regiment N. G. P., Colonel Hill,commanding). The first, man,.to j,v.olunteer: -after t,he rebellion. brok.e,.out was James Lych, o, enlisted inf the "Washington Blues",.Apll. 16., John B. McGrew raiised.. Company G, of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, in 1862. .:'-.The p,ost-office, was,,es,tablisbed, in 1S45. Erastus Percival was the: first, Postmaster, as well as the first Justice of the Peace.,.-,,,..,-,. The -first secret society in,the pl,ace,was "Star-Division, No. 442 - Sons of Temperance", it, beinf, instit,ute,d April 2.9, 1850,. and kept, up -until. Jun e, 1855.0 About,,18,52.the';order. of "Know-Nothings," or "Native Americans" started a banc hee, but,it soon- broke up..- "William Youdan Lodge, I.O.O.F." instituted Se tember.7,1868,,and i,s still in- a.flourisbing condition; "J. N' O'Neil Lodge, I. O. G. T." was.og zed July 20,: 1870,. and th.e. n.ame:.afterwards thanoged.to "Alfaretta:" "West,,Elizabeth Encampment,, No. 212", ebartered May 15, 1S7l,;; "Alfaretta Rebecca Degree Lodge, No. 63," instituLtedFebruary 9, 1872, by dispensation, and,echartered May 23, 18,72; the," Co-operative Labor Association" was instituted Augu-st 17 1875' and,.another society familiarly known as the "Sons of Erin", August IS8,1875; the "Knights of Pythias" Lodge, established May 6, 1875. The Pittsburgh, Virginia and Charleston Railway was finished to West Elizabeth in the fall of 1 873, and passeng,ers, carried over, the. route, since which- time the borough has rapil increagsed. in imrovem,e,nts and pouain,and rmfv hundred,. and ninety inh,abitant,s in 1870.it h.as -now (1:876) increas,ed to neatly one thousand.,... Messrs. Joseph Walton Co, and O'Neil Co,..are heavy: coal miners. and doalers.. The.former firm built a large saw-mill, in. the fall of,1871,,wbich was de-: stroyed by fire January 2,9,.1872, a-nd,immediately rebu,ilt.; Thev manufacture lumber from oak and pine exclusively f,or, their own use. i,n building and repair7ing' barges in, which to transport the coal, talken,f,r m. their,mines, of which- theyoe rate. several,, and have.n,ar,row-gauge railr,o.ads run,ni, rgfromn them,to their.,docks: on the Monongahela River.' Th.eir wpiners a,nd,,saw-mill.,hands ocecpy one budred and -twelve hous,es,. owned -by th,e company., Messrs. Walton Co. Iiaqve also, built a fine hotel near the railroad,..and, i.ave.nu,me,rous.other.,:buildinos in a the.p,laco.',,The,e.Jower stor.o. -the.ho.tel is,occupied, by them,.as a larg;e.genleral. store) one olf the fines,t of its c,lass in:,the C0o,unty The c,omp4n.y ojn.one hunrdred, and ninety-eighlt barges and six steainers-all en agedf,in.carrying c.oal.:he I 1'57--!;' HISTORY' OF. ALLE-GHENY C.OUN.TY. PENNSYLVANIA - partners; in't.he firm ar'e Joseph Walton,Peter Haberman, and Isaac W. Burton. all "self-inade men. " -.;;.;- -,,,X.,- ,..--,,,,,,,,,,0-,The Presbyterian` Society is at present. blidn.ane-bricek edlifice near the hotel and. railroad..; The location-.of: the bol.ouula ist.ex:t eily. picturesque-, the,~ gro ind;sloping gently fio.the feet.ofthe, high bluffs to t-herv, forming.a finesite for a,town.':.,..'',.' -'. The officers of the borough,.for 187,6 are-.-'..;,',,'' -.- - Burgess. Richard Owens. Council.-David Pearsol, Holcraft Pearsol, C. F. Diehl, D. J. Davis, J. L. Campbell. Justices of the Peace.-J. M. Shoaf; J. P. Vance. Constable.-David Pearsol. Street Commissioner. Isaac Keenan. Asessor-James Arthurs. Assistant Assessors D.J. Davis, James Campbell. Board of School Directors, S. H. Dalley, President; Dr. R. Gillespie Treasurer; J. M. Shoaf, Secretary W. K. Hobson, Dr. S. R. Fife, William Nolder. The n,rmber.o,f scehool jphil,dren in, tlle bo,rou,h;is,one hundred and: eight.y, o -ors whonr three teachers are appointed...... --The. popul.ation.is largely mtade up.of miners,,althoughAhohre are,-some fine- residences belon,-,int, to old settlers anid mien wbo m-ake the place a suburban summer r'esidence... Natuvre bas been, laivish -in beautifying this -spot, and wit h -a- stnall out-.lay:of human:toiltand ependiture of money tli6 place can be, made, like -its sister-. town of Elizabeth, on- the 6ppo-site side of th,e rviver, -and, with which.it is,connected by'a ste.am ferry, on,e of.the miost lovely.places,in, the entire coLintyT..' ALLENTOWN, BELTZHOOVER, AND WEST LIBERTY, three unimportant boroughs, -near. the line of the Castle Shannon Railroad, bave' no history of a,ny interest, excepting as they formed a part of Lower,,St. Clair, previous to their ineorporation.,....:,,;, Allentown, by far the, most consi.derable place of the three, was iincorporated inl 1869, and at that time included Beltzhoover,.which -now j'oin,s it..Part of the original borough of Allentown was. subsequently incorporated a ward of the city of Pittsburgh, and. the remaining part wag then made.a, sep'arate borough, under: the name and title of Beltzhoover. This occurred in June, 1875..,......................, West Liberty, the le'ast importaint of the three, was incorporated from a part of Lower St. Clair in I S76. It bas a.small Methodist church..,-V. Allentown was named from Joseph Allen, the former owner of -luhe tract which it occupies.;..Beltzhoover.was the:namne of an. e:xtensive.family of Lower St. Clair.,.FORWARD TOWNSHIP was formed from the southeastern part of Elizabeth in 1869. It conaprises the, territory neluded within,the bend of,. the Monongahela and a line -passing from near Elizabeth Borough to a point about two miles east of the river, on-the boundary betw,een Allegheny County and Westmoreland. There are no churches, and but one post-officoe witliln its limits.,,0-,. XAThe first- permanent,settlement in the original; Elizabeth Township was ma by William Benjamin, Daniel, and Thomas Applegate previoups to: 1772..The:~ family came from New Jersey, an'd from them the land- iear the bend of. theriver was named the "Jersey Settlement", a name whiclh it- still bears. - A man by the name- of: Wagner had "squatted" in the township before the arrival of the Applegates, but, as his name does not appear in the assessor's l'st for Bedford County in 1173:it wo,Lild aperthat he was a mere " squatter" and not a permanent.resident. James Wall came. to the Jersey Sett,lement a short, time after the Applegates and before 1773. It -is- probable that bis brother, Walter Wall, caet abouLt the,same tinme.; The, Walls were doubtless from Mary-, land. Their descendants bave nothing more than a traditionl in regard to their, origin, viz.,, ~that they came from the banks of the Potomac. There is a tradition current. that,t the Applegates and Walls were: ilnduced to settle, in, the forks of the rivers by returned soldier's fromn- Forbes's expedition, aind tha,t they were there long before 1770. We haVve no meanis., of, knowing how this may.be, but certain it is th,at they chose as favorable a spot for a home as co-Lld hatve-beeni selecte,d in. that wilderness, aind one in wbich they were never atz any time disturbed by the savages. The firs school-house in Forward Township,' and within the former limits ofI i HISTORY,'OF ALLEGHENY -COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA'. 1.58 Elizabeth, was:built pr-ior to 1776, and stood,.on'tlie farm.of Benjamin Applegate. The first and oiily post-office. in the township is at Scrabbletown. fAsi irlmost -of the' townships of the County on.the south side of the Allegheny and Ohio mining is the chief industry. Horner Roberts's works in;. the northern:part.of the township are' very extensive-and there are numerous other~ coal-pits aloilg the bank of the river. Forward Township has no village of any importance. ELIZABETH TOWNSHIP was erected i-n 1788, from the part of the original. township, 6f; Rostr aver which was emnbraced in Allegheny County. It has at various times formed: a part of three differeint counties, Bedford, Westmoreland, and Allegheny. The: name Elizabeth was applied in honor of Elizabeth Bayard, the wife of the founder of Elizabeth village. In 1869.the township:was divided by the formation of Lincoln.on. the north and Forward on the south. here is considerable un-certainty in reg'ard to the. first- settler within its present bouiids.: -;. -. Samuel Wilson purchased land in. 1779, near the, centre of the township, of Ebenezer Mitchell, who was doubtless one of the very earliest: resi dents,,.and the first to take' up tbe-and -nwhich he rsided.. ~This Wilson was in Rostraver Township as early a's 177-2, and his nam-e appears in the. ensuing- year upon the assessmnent roll. It appears from old docuLments, now in the possession of Mr. M. M. Wilson, thlat Samuel Wilson did iiot talke up his residence in Elizabeth until 17S0. WVe are told that a tract of land onle-half muile west of Buena Vista was patented by Thomas Morton in 1 776. Nathaniel Boyd, William Witherow, and John Means were in the township at ain early' per'iod. - Thle earliest permanent settlement was probably in the neighborhood of Round Hill, since the first: improvements of a public character appeared there. The first chu'rch and school-house'were- erected near that-place.' It is a inoticeable fact that--the land between thea Monongahela and Youghiogheny was, from 175S peculiarly free from Indian depredations, and this, too, when the forests aboun'ded witli game', and murders were frequent on the opposite shores of -the- rivers. The oiily block-liouse- in this peninsula, and west of Westmoreland County; was-one situated near Boston or Elrod's Ferry, and which is mentioned in OU1 sketch of' anotlher township. The reiuains of a pre-historic race are abundanlt in Elizabeth. Portions of old. fortifications and what are termed in conmmon parlance " Indian graves" abound. In an old fortification on the farm of Mr. James McKnight, one mile and a half west of Buena Vista, various implements of the stone age have been found. There was also an ancient fort on the farm of M. M. Wilson, the walls of which were six feet high as late as 1830. Mussel-shells, arrow-heads, and flint chips were strewn within it in profusion. There was an encanmpment, too, on Warne's farm near Round Hill, that must have had a very ancient origin. Ain old barn stood at the mouLth of Wild-Cat Run in 1873, in which James Patterson and several other of the insurgenlts of Elizabeth Township were imprisoned and- guarded by United States troops in 1794, duLring the Whisky Insurrection. Samuel Wilson (mentioned above) was also concerned in that trouble, aind was arrested and rzemovefimhn, buLt was subsequently released. The first -post-office in the township was at Elizabethtown, now Elizabeth Borough. Thlere are now three post-offices, onie at Buena Vista, one at Gamble's, aind onie at Green Oak. Buena Vista is a small village on the Youghiogheny containinog one church and a school-house, and a few dwellings. Green Oak lies on the same stream, opposite Alpsville,'acld is, occupied princip'ally by miners. IIt- was laid out -about I850, and nowv bo'asts a post-office (established in 1876), three churclies, aiid a graded sch-ool., The liniiing interests of Elizabeth Township are extensive. Ainong others mlay be m entioned Love's coal-beds, near the little village of Lovedale, and Brown's works,' ne'ar Green Oak. At the latter point the coal is drawn from the pits' by a stationar?y engine,'tlie cable of which weighs twelve'oils, and tbirty cars are drawir: at, once by its means; LINCOLN TOWNSHIP, so called ill memory of President Lincoln, formed until- 1869, the: norther'n-point of Elizabeth Township, formerly;a, part- of Rostraver Township, Westmoreland, once a part. of Bedford County The plantosre th'e laiid now owned by Andrew McClure was entered by Mary Creigh, utie.14, 177 eae unable to as'certaini whe-ther Mary Creigh ever resided -upon the'property or not; but there are fiiuit trees'now standing u'pon the, farm, which- are undoubtedly asold'as any-in the County,-anfd which must have been~ planted over a hundried years ag,o. Tliis was the earliest survey in the township, and it was, withou't: doubt, h first' tract settled.: James Gray was one of the earliest' res'id-cnts of Lincoln Township. William Johnston settled on la`nd which Gray had occupiodl- tvwo or'th;ree - years befoire, and Johnston first obtained a warrant to survey the tract in 1784. Gray was probably upon the land in 1782. George Fockler settled near the Monongahela, tbree miles soutlheast of McKeesport, before, the erection.of Allegheny County. David Pollock purchased of him in 1792. Pollock had previou sly lived in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, and built the ~first court-house there., The -first schoolhouse in Lincoln Township was probably-on his land,'although there was a-log onel on the xfarm now'owned by John Penny, before- 1800. X-' -There were Do -curches in the: present bounds'of-h tonsi untl te' Methodist one. at- Bellevue, which was completed in, the fall of 1870. There is - no post-office, the; farmers generally obtainiiig their' mail at McKeesport. Coalininingl is the-principal industry. -: -.The works of Farrow, Gumbert Co., at Bellevue; Penny, on the Youghiogheny; and Robbins Jenkins, a mile below Bellevue, are the most important. There are six'schools in Lincoln Township. The pre-historic and, Indian remains of this towniship deserve special notice as, indeed do those of'all the townships of the Forks. Amlong these may be mentioned numerous stone graves formerly on the farm of Mr. Levi Edmondson. Mr. Edmondson states that witllin his recollection these relics were in an almost perfect state of preservation. They were formed by a rectangular stone wall built around the corpse, and implements of war which were placed upon the surface of' the ground, and afterwards this wall was covered over with other'flat stones to prevent the depredations of wild beasts. The later- Indians regarded these remains with superstitious veneration, and sometimes used them for burial purposes, as iron weapons have been found in them which belong to a more recent period than the stone age. Mr. Edmondson, who is a man of undoubted veracity, tells us that he found an iron hatchet in one of them together with stone; implements, which would indicate that they were used in common by two widely different races. The stone axes in them are generally of a grayish stone, foreign to that region. They are well polished and have a groove around t he centre for the attachment of- a withe handle. Stone pipes and various other relics have been found in profusion. - Another equally striking peculiarity of this region, were the vast droves of wild hogs which roamed the forests in the years subsequent to 1780. They may have inhabited the peninsula at a far earlier time, and were without doubt descendants, of the European stock, as there are no native breeds in the United States. he descendants of the earliest residents concur in the statements that they were rather smaller than the domestic breeds, that their bristles were very long and thick, and that the tusks of' the males were formidable weapons, often attaining a length of over six inches. Their hides were of remarkable thickness. They were very fleet, and would jump high fences with ease, and were the most dangerous animals in the forests, even attacking men when accompanied by dogs, and destroying wolves whenever they could catch them. The following anecdote receives general credence among those who can remember anything about these animals, although it has a strong flavor of tradition: One day, the father of Mr. Levi Edmondson and another gentleman were in the woods, when they noticed a large drove of these hogs surrounding a wolf which no doubt had stolen a pig, a nd on being pursued had taken refuge upon a high stump, where he sat above danger, and watched the enraged swine below him. On seeing the men, however, he was alarmed, and immediately sprang among the hogs. There was a tumult among them, and a generai rush for a few moments, and the drove trotted off. On examining the spot where the wolf had alighted, both men affirmed that every particle of him was devoured but his hair t was customary among the settlers to feed these animals, occasionally when they came near their houses, and to shoot them in the fall. They were considered as common property, like any other wild game. Athough the hog is an animal of wonderful fecundity, it seems almost incredible that fron some few stray animals in 1770 or afterwards the whole region could have been stocked with them, and that they should have lost their resemblance to the domestic animals early as 1780. But we leave the subject to the speculations of zoologists.Remains-of an old mill existed at a recent date, on Long Run. It was built by Thomas Plummer, about the year 1800.. The coal-works of Brown Co. and Dixon Co.and otb ers in North Versailles; ale qie;:tensi.ve while, in Versailles there are none of any importance in operation., The mines at Osceola,,(Bigley Co.) and., at Alpsville (Armstrong) are the principal ones in South Versailles. Ill Versailles there are also.,two -productve alt-ell,-one at the mouth of Long Run, and the other at Elrod's Ferry. A -as-well, which has proved unusually productive, has recently beeni sunk near McKeesport. There are no post-offices in the present township of Versailles. South Versailles hastwo, and North Versailles one, at Port Perry, which is'a place, of considerable, imp ortance... -...'As. early: as 1806 there was, preaching -in a barn o.wned by John Gill, in North Versailles, and reliodous. se'rvices were no doubt. held- at a much. earlier- time ill tents, as they w.ere.in other parts of the County. - PATTON TOWNSHIP de,riv6d its name from Judge Patton...In 1770, General Washington, in company with Dr. Craik, made aX trip'to the Ohio River,revisitinu on the wav. some of the scenes of ~his adarent-Lres in the; years 1.75.3,.1754, and 1755. In his journal olf this tour in, November, we. find th:e..following entry.:. "23d. -After.-settling witl-/,the Indians and the people that -attended;me down'the r'iver, and defraying.the suindr'y expenses.accruinz at Pittsburgh,.I set off oni my return homie, atnd afiter dlinling at the Widow Mier's, on Turtle Creek, reached Mr. John Stephenson's'i n the n-i-ht.,"-..This;- Miers), Mires, or - Myers family was the first in Patton Township. In 1769, Martha Miers occupied an old stone house on the bank of the, creek., Her history is.shrouded:: in' miystery... A.'gentleman who, resides nearX the spot, and is quite.well informed in the.history of the County, assures us that -her house- was built there- before Forbes occupiod Fort Pitt in 1758;.but,this:is not probable. Her land is called, the "Widow's Dower" -in the-.patent,,which.is the oldest ill the..County.,.She prPobably. settled there. immtediately aft-er the land Sfell -into the.undisputed possession of.the English. What became of herl husband is not known, and why she was allowed by the. Indians, to remain~ there fromi year to year is -equally.mysterious.,, -.ff-...' An old mill,stood.j~ust-across the -line, between Patton and Wilkins Townships,.and in i ts wall" there wa.s a stone marke "James Mres, 1785" which would dicate that the family had remainied- there until, tlat- date... - This James Mires is supposed to have been ~a sonf of the lady at woe os Washington was entertained. in'; 1770. The. old buildings are both, gone now. The rudely-rnarked stone in the mill wall is now.: in -the wall of another mill built.upon the old site..' Tat Mrs. Mires live on Turtle Creek,,June 13, 1769, is wi-tout adoubt,:and it is not impossible that she iynay hiave been there, ten years before., In 1778, William Johnston cam to Patton and purebased a-tract of land within two, miles, of' Turtle Creek, which-! i's still Qccupied by,his desceiidants. He.was a Revolutionary soldier, and fought with Wayne at the capture of Stony Point. From. papers in,the possin. of - Mr. - John Johnston, near Monroeville, we learn that a.-.-tract, of land in the. township, on. Dirty Camp, Run, was surveyed on applicat-ion. of Robert Johnston, date-d Ap'ril 3, 1769. The, patent, conveying three -hundred ald twenty-one.a'cres to-.him, bears date March 3, 1789.. His purchase.was made for.forty-four pouinds four:. shillinsgs. Mr. Johnston allso has the pack-horse book, of his.ancestor in, his posse'ssion,.and his.coimllission as pack-horse commander under General Greene in his Carolina, campaigns This document is dated 1779. The Johnstons are -of -Irish descent.;- -. ~For the following list olf early settlers of Patton Township, between, the years 1765 and 17.85,,we are indebtcd to Mr. William Johnston: William McElrey,: William Johnston, Robert Johnston (brothers), Charles Duke, Christopher Shriker, Joseph McClintock, Robert Beatty, Thomas McMullen, Robert Deiff, John Irwin, William Scott, Robert Chugston, William Clugston, John McCully, George Ellis. The'first church within'the limuits of the township was Presbyterian, anld WclS built near Monroeville.' Rev. John Barr was probably the first preacher. It is iinpossible to-DJamne with certainty the first, school, as there were several at a very early date, in' old lo, houses in various, parts of the tow"nship..AbouLt.1777j~ tlhere was, a family murdered by the Indians on Thompson's Run, -three mniles frorn Turtle Creek; And previously, -in 1773,there was a:falnily, iiuldered at Dirty Camp..Thi8 n'ame was; given by the soldierbs of Colonel Bouquet, VERSAILLES TOWNSHIP. The. orz,ial twnsip of Versailles, at the forks of tlhe Monongahela and Youghiogheny, has been twice- divide.d-since itseeto.nh.ya 78-nc into North and South Versailles, in 1869, and again. in 1875.,,when- the, two-celeetion precincts of South Versailles' were.-rected. into two separate -townships,..called Versailles and South Versailles respectively. The -history of these, three. townships is.so. clo sely.connected that it can be written to-- gyroater.-advantagYe under one-.hea-ding. The ndame,Waskapplied.in- 1:78,.'in1 c6mpliment to the Frenob, who were ver-y- popular at'that,time,- from the assistance:they had- rendered: this country in her struggle for national independence. Like -most-of tho County,. the land Of these townships is much broken, biut there are some*. excellent farms, and much rich bottoin land, while the hills are for the most part clothed with a growth of first-rate timber, and are pregnant with coal. In 1778, Eli Coulter was livinog in North Versailles, aud owned a large tract of land there, which was after.war4s purcliased by,David Shaw. Coulter settled within the present limits of th ilge, whIichfo hiwa afterwards named Coulterville. - - -The date: of the patent of the. la'nd: owned by, John Gill, in the same townsbip,. extenids b'ack before the Revolution.;.... William Wallace, -who settl-ed opposite to Stewartsville was probably in the township at the, time of John McKee's settlement at McKeesport, in 1778. Wallace. was a noted hunter, and -met with-.many wonderful adventurels and naryow escapes, if we miay believe tbe, traditions of.the.-old settlers. Once,'while hunting near Turtle Creek i,,,i Westmoreland County, he was pursued by an'Indian. His gun was not loaded, and the Indian chased him- so fast that he had no time to load it. His enemy was fast gaining upon him, when he approached the brow of a precipice, over which the limbs of a small pine-tree were hanging. He paused. There; was no time, to lose., Death was on, Iiis trail, a'n'd.destiuction stared, him in front.;' -All retea:a u f,-and hle chose the only-,.possible chance' of escapej and'leaped f''iom:the, ledge' to the'lirnbs of the tree..TheC bou-,hs -bent with his weight, but' did not break, and by means of themn he swung himse'lf -down the loc1ks and escaped., The Inidian came totehi, bv,lo,oked over, and -gave.i up the cha so.'-: -.. -... David Shaw settled in North Versailles Township in 1788, immdaey.a'e his marriage. He located between the Pittsburgh and Greensburg Turnpike and the-river. Mrs. Shaw was not over twenty years old at. that itime, and. sbe.lived -in the samne house'(;(which sbhe settled with ber husband) until her! dea'tb, which occurred;'in her- one ~hun'dred and'third year. Mr. Shaw was a native of Ireland. His wife came from York County, Pennsylvania.'The~ orig.inal-town'ship of Versailles.was perhaps-as noted as any in the County for Indian outrages. In-477;7 a:A iyb-te.aeo Keyser murdered within a few rods of Riverton Station,'near;i the.present limits of McKeesport Borough. The father- two sons, of eighteen and twenty years respectively,'were- in a field' inot far fri on tlhe hliouse, sowing,,whoat. -The- mother and:four small children were at the houLse, when they were alarmed by-the terrible war-whoop,. and a band ~of the paintod, monsters., rushed'in'and murdered, theni all.. Ravinset fir' to:the house, the I-ndiaiis imlnediately repaired.~to the field and attacked the men. The father was shot down and scalped,.but the two soins ran' Ifor the'river; -On reaching-~itsie banks- the: you-nger one'fell pirered by a bullet, but the *elder, es~caped by swimminig -to a' block-house theopposite shore. Only one of the eight was left to tell the mournful story. It was customary in -those: early times for -sev'eral farme'rs to- club together for the piurpose -of mutual., prote-etion and assi'stance. All would work bu't one, who stood guard at a coneit dsac.. On one of these occasions one McNulty was appointed sentinel', and had. left the field for the purpose of bringing the dinner, from- the- house to: ithe workmien. After bringuing- it he w'as in the act of placing-i-t -in- a little spring--house near by,'where it would keep. cool, when he was surrounded by the Indians -and overpowered. beo he. could:'use. bis gun. He was; lea away, and it, is said. th-at he was killed by them..At about the same time two brothers by the name of Neal wer'e killed.-by.tbhe'savages on a farni adjoining the one no'w -owined by J. J. Muse,,Esq.. They were aftekw'ards, buried near the -spot whe're; they; f'-ell, and. their:- graves are, -still pointed oiut by: t he. resideints of that vicinity. The last Indian raid in Versailles Township was in the year. 1780. No damage was done by them. One savage was wounded, and they crossed the Allegheny, never-to return.'. -' In 1796 there was, a block-house standing on the promises of Mr. Faundley Muse, which was -doubtless~-erected by Adam Reburn, a'previous owner. The property is on Long Run. Robert Cozen was shot there by the Indians in 1779 or 1780. He was hoeing corn with two daughters of Reburn, when the savages fired from behind the neighboring trees and killed him but the girls escaped to the block-house. 159 HIS8TO-RY-,OF--.ALLEGHENY'CO0UNTY,.PENN8YL A1-\IA.160. wh6encAmped,lat the'pla-'e -on theirr6ut6A-6 Fort Pitt "ftfter-theirinemoi,able''victory over the Indians at Brush Run. Monroeville and Turtle Creek are-the' 6nly post-'offioes h ow! 1-11 e I ow p a e m ortance. -t,w s a e., Monroeville.,Js'a, 1- 0 lof4ittloi;p a n u-ied:froni' President Monroe e -v V-1 a..: o th tow-nsh' Tttrtle'Gr e-Ic i~ a thri in-g'Ila,--" Th:`6oal-n-lindng interest,of e ip 181 f iv, Yery, ex en-s. -e. WILKINS TOWNSHIP gef, was e'r6cted fvow a -part of Pitt -,in -November -1 821'It was;nanied!,-f- n, Judge p Wilkins who at various times held the followino, offices under:4he,.'Genora1,,and% St'ate',,-Gov'e.rn''m'e,.n,ts-'.,Judg.,,of the!,Cou'e rt'-.; fTlommou Pleas intba;Militia, R, epres entdtivo 4' 11 Ah e'. Le isIA-tti-r-e J-'adue-In -D'stri'd. Court i-of the, United_ States 9 Representative twice and Senator d" n, Congress t,Envoy an.d.: Xiiiister at, St. Peters burg, and Secretary of War. The history of this township is niore ancient than that of any other tract in Allegheny County and here Braddock's memorable battle was fougbt. Its result is well known to every reader of general history, and a minute description of it is iven upoii other pages of our 9:When Washington caine toA161niouth of Turtle Creek, N6vemb-er;21 1753 ho ant'-' John Frazier 1, Ai%,'tb e and w as stopp;e ith Lieuten n 17 wbo Ad- a ading-post. or I -Co ur -nd tho-flrst: -white settler hi--the-' unty.1 11e, was' a- m. an, off"tinusual co, -age.:a enterpi-ise, and bold various prominent Tositions, under the,Commonwealth u, ntil an As. late as 1775 whed-he -disappeared from. Frazier's Fields d from'history 1804 his,housd:was,still at'tho.'niouth of'ereok on the, Braddock's, side. Forbes's line of march in 1758 passed through Wilkins Township --i and years p afterw ds tb m ark s'- of', hi's:route wiete 8till visible, b tbe.'brusli thA was:'Cut away to admit'of tbe passage of:-baggage-wagons and artillery.!:, One division of his alrmy passed throu--h--the preseiit si'te, of the villaue of:Swissvale, whileanotberkept 4h6- div'idi r -e, b tw-een th n id, e e Allegeny and Monongahela.,; After! the Cou-nt-r-y Fell into the-hands of: -the- English in:' 1758- Frazier as mentione above remained. n -his settlement'and was for niany, yeqrs tho only- settler -inAhe still upo pre en mits' Wilkin Township. In 1:78 William Elliot settled near SwissVale, and subsequently. James Kelly located nea Wilkinsburg; but there- were:.n ot more than six families in theltownship in-, 1790. The first church of wbich any record remains was about three miiles cast of Wilkinsburg, and waK called. Beulah.. The history -of Blairsville Presbytery states th-at Beulah was occasionally S'Upplied fron-i:1795, and t-hat on, the Sth of October, 1804, Rev. James Graham was-ordained and 1-nstalled 4s first' pastor. There ihust, h Ave been'preachino, in, a, tetit: at that, place long,before for Mr. - John Johnston - other old --settlers mentione Rev John Barr who ston, near,; Monroeville, An occasion-,qlly,offi,ciatedthere,i:n' 1786. Subscription schools, taught in loo, houses and huts were coramon from 47,90. The earli6st'6f Which'we. are able to; 1eatn was located o -n a farm - owned by one Horner near the- present city -lilbits. There is a'very, ancient'mill -now standing; on: the rm of James -Swisshelm on the Nine-Mile Run'near. Swissvale. At one tim6 grain''was gro-Lin'd - at, - that -,mill for the families of Pittsburgh. The'reis a block-house stand'ing near it the origin and- on old Oak -near' by- -the rude figure of:an Indian is of which ls' n an carved. Tradition states that the figur'e was marke there to, - commemorate'the Ul of a chief killed: -at, Braddock's Fiejd,ybut-tbis.bas no:foundation in fact mo other- antiquities -may: be mentioned- an old block-bo-Lise liea-r tl-ie 'resi119 dence of James Kelly, at Wilkinsburg _; also the hou.se. in which Mr. Kelly. resides was s 1-n 1790.! which; built bY a Mt. McNair Wilkins Township is;thickly- settled, and has ma-hy-vi'llages and manufactories. -Its-history is ixitimately coiinected-with the generat'histo ry-of the. County, aiid its more interesting events will be found tbere, and in t-he chapter on ma-nufactures. -i of the townshi is, extensive The, coal-minii 9 p nd the'-Pe-nnsylvania,llailway passes through it. Its; -inhabitants a orAbe most part Wealthy,and i telligent. Some of the -fi'ne'st residencesin the: Count may bo fouiid, in this townshi The y p e n tasto. and elegance sch'ool - buildin-S in iLs villaes are larg a d convenient: And the rule. WILKINSBURG.'The Uwn b s beeil "'successivel known as McNairsville' --.'nd a y -, Rippeysviille, Wilkinsburg X eekly Cis,,at, otie timelp-Liblislied AV papor w,' -fowweol.:,s, called, the East _Ender'6711 but w'as', s-tibsequently-removed to` Pittsburgh'where it is now, calle'd tl-le Saturday Times; 4ts-publisher in?" Wilkinsburg,84(irl- was, W. Eisenbise. In 061 st b structure d: the cli-arche, he The o-h -buildin 6, is: a, tivo- ory rick an s -are, United Bretheren of-brick Presbyterian brick -built-in' 4,86W-:- St. James's Catholic "a-, D rme Reformed Presbyterian k" uilt f bri6fc-`, -i'n Olic',',, f-ramo: A M O d, 0 1,845 The place is almost wliolly a, residonce town-,, thore,:, being b-Lit little manufacturin-. A -rist-mill and the usual complement of shops make them up,'and the -priii e _W b-usiness Jin place is cipally--sottt d-by peqk ho, hav dw-ellin'ffs b'er' -a 7an-d doj US -tr' s-: pass,....: -..1; ain Pittsburgh It t, outside, thec city libaits,'aftd; accommo,dation, eitherWay;nea yevervh,lf-hour. r o ated.in, the-osoutheast, part of: het0wD, each on, bei'levolent institultions a'e I c t:0 Y a4ivo-`a0reAract--:' f -,Iaild,.-,doiiated'by James Kelly,tm'osKelIv. -1hey' are-.operated:.;b Ah Women's Christian Association of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, 4iid re-a I "Home for Aged Protestant Women" ". Aued "Protestant Women",and, "The Sheltering Arms" Fora full.-dese'rip'l In tion, see'-the I(Religious'_ -ohapter-in another -,part- f this:volume.,-i.-, -is - m an Tha 16 caflon' ears?.it u Wilkinsburg ost beautif I -d ere. many, y -m St becoiiie --:'P'art bf: t-l-le grow-in "Iron City." 9 1_: J. PLUM TOWNSHIP In regard to the first settlement of Plum Township tl-iere is some doubt..,, lnl 1 -7-88 William McJunkins located-,,uear.,tjie ito,:of.theol old Plum Creek Church. His patent states that the Itract was surveyed Jn,,1773,,.an0W,,1t,,co, t4i.dtwo, bund--re,acres,,cailed,, Greenfield about two jniles.north- of Forbes'S o1d road ona of Turtle Creek, Westmoreland County, adj branch oi in: likiii owned by Colonel Hugh Davidson T.here iare -renjains. of, an:old.block-14Q e no Standj,,u- onAha prernises which4as -pi-obably orected-'by McJunkins On one:occasion,severalpersons werefired upon, -hy, theIndians ,and., vounde.,w.. d wTkile, to. th4t,,reuge.. th e - parts,of an ancient, enoppM nt, o-r N4, far from.1--the-, ol block-house ere,ar e fortification. of, earth; which was b.-Liilt by -tbe India11S, or sonie previous race, ages before. InA803, Alexander Logan purchased atract, where, Logan's Ferry -so,V,rr now. stands. n 1- y Looan.' Logan was. probably., o,ne, of t e earl, est -and most fl h b i --in uential meu;in t e,,tQwnship,, 11'e. was a -resident'. of th-e Co-unty, and. probably.of Plum Township, yeecrs before'his - purchase,Tor a commissioij., frou'l. Thomas Mifflin, Governor. of the., Commonwealth of Pennsylvania -bearingAate A-ugust, 19'1793,,!c p0es, Alexander Logan of the County of Allegheny, captain for seven years of the Second Regiment of the Allegheny Brigade of the, Militia of the Commonwealth of ePnnsylyania. Much of the prope ty on, the; east sido., of the Allegheny was.:at that time owne.4 by r 1In Eastern parties, aiid Logan came, there at first as.tbeir. agent. He was a man of much i fluence n d was, the. first Justice of the Peace in Plum. Township We. also: find the iian-ie of Cristopher Latchaw aniong t e earl P. pioneers, but the date of his arrival -is, u.nQertain,, Alexander McMath was a conteinporary of Logan's in Plum Township. He.bought previ.ous to 1.8 1 3, and-bis land adjoined: the, McJunkins tract.. -At the time,,,of his. purchase Most, of-Ah.e. adjoiningla d was,still. unsettled. Plum Creek Church - was: the oldest in the. present limits of the township. Ne,quote the,-followingfrom the "History of Blairsville Presbytery," by Alexander Donaldson, D.D. Plum Creek, originally called Ebenezer, first, obtained supplies about 1791. Rev. Francis Laird was: ordain4. and, installed pastor over it June 20.) 1800. Mr. Laird was its first pastor. One of the.first ifmot,the first school-hmise was near Plum Creek Church and built-of logs...It was.there asearly,as 1806.; 1here were doubtless subscript'ion schools before it. -rst st re in- Plum Township, was kept: by Logan:at the Ferry. Antrim was'the first p st-office.., There are.now,two, ffic 0 post o es, ope at, New Texas fand one: at Logan's Ferry. New Texas ed,. its, name during the Mexican War aD d is th-us a, villa e of, comparaltivelv recent origin. Thore are two 9 one United Presbyterian, -within a mile and a. ha f, and a Presbyterian - churelies -near it, byterian Ch-Lirch within its.limits-,,:.Rhas a good. sc4ool buildiDg.- Its first,postoffice was established -in 1856.,., J. Conner was., fhe,,-first, Postmaster. J. M. Laird editor,of, the, Greensburg Argus earried- its first mail, The old Antrim post-office wasdiscontinuedA ril,41859..'The vatuatiorliof Plum Township,_as given in- 187.5 was $2 054773. iThe. New York,- aud, Cleveland. Gas-Coal Company has five, hundred and ninetyfour acres of-co'al-lands,withiii,its,limit Its.inhabitants are mainly of Irish and,Scotch dwopt.. Plum Township was one of the seven original townshi-os formed in 1788. It has since then' been: much reduced hi'size.,.The1.'14R1`ne was from, Plum Creek which flows tbrough, dt, and iaturn was m the abundance of wild plum-trees- upon.,its baoks in eujy,limos.company employed Colonel Thomas Cresap, of Old Town, Maryland, to mark the road,and the colonel hired a well-knowyn Delaware Indian, named Nemacolin who resided at the mouth of what is now Dunlap's Creek, to select the best route. It was known to the Indians many years before, and used by the Indian traders as early, probably, as 1740. It led from the mouth of Will's Creek (Cumberland, Maryland) to the " forks of the Ohio"* (Pittsburgh). The Ohio) Company first marked this road in 1750, by blazing (the trees and cutting away the underbrush acnd removin;, the old dead and fallen timber. In 1753 they improved and enlarged it at considerable expense. Washington took the same route in his campaign of 1754, improving, and extending the road; and Braddock also in the following year completed it in good condition as far as the mouth of Turtle Creek, within ten miiles of Fort Duquesne. Since that unfortunate campaign of 1755 it has been known as "Braddock's Road." Washington's journal is so characteristic of the man, so interesting, and, withal, so intimately connected with Pittsburgh and its vicinity, that we venture to give it entire. WASHINGTON S JOURNAL OF HIS TOUR TO THE FRENCH POSTS ON THE ALLEGHENY. "I was commissionod by the Hon. Robert Dinwiddie, Esq., Governor, etc., of Virginia, to visit and deliver a letter to the Commandant of the French forces at the Ohio, and set out on the intended journey on the next day. The next, I arrived at Fredericksburo, and engaged Mr. Jacob Van Braam to be my French interpreter, and proceeded with him to Alexandria, where we provided necessaries. From thence we went to Winchester, and got baggage-horses, etc., and from thence we pursued the now road to Will's Creek, where we arrived on the 14th of November. "Here I engaged Mr. Gist to pilot us out, and also hired four others as servitors, Barnaby Currin and John McQuire, Indian traders, Henry Steward and William Jenkins,--and in company with these persons left the inhabitants the next day. "The excessive rains and vast quantities of snow which had fallen prevented our reaching Mr. Frazier's, an Indian trader, at the mouth of Turtle Creek, on Monongahela River, till Thursday the 22d. We were informed here that expresses had been sent a few days before to the traders down the river, to acquaint them with the French general's death,t aid the return of the major part of the French army into winter-quarters. "The waters were quite impassable without swimming, our horses, which obliged us to get the loan of a canoe from Frazier, and to send Barnaby Currin and Henry Steward down the Monongahela with our baggage, to meet us at the forks of the Ohio, about ten miles below, there to cross the Allegheny. "As I got down before the canoe, I spent some time in viewing the rivers and the land at the fork, which I think extremely well situated for a fort, as it has the absolute command of both rivers. The land at the point is twenty-five feet above the common surface of the water, and a considerable bottom of flat, welltimbered land all around it very convenient for building. The rivers are each a quarter of a mile or more across, and run here very nearly at right angles, Allegheny bearing, northeast, and Monongahela southeast. The former of these two is a very rapid and swift-running, water; the other deep and still, without any perceptible fall. About two miles from this, on the southeast~ side of the river, at the place where the Ohio Company intended to erect a fort, lives Shingiss,l King of the Delawares. We called upon him to invite him to a council at Logstown. " As I had taken a good deal of notice yesterday of the situation at the fork, my curiosity led me to examine this more particularly, and I think it greatly inferior, either for defense or advantages, especially the latter. For a fort at the fork would be equially well situated on the Ohio, and have the entire command of the Monongahela, which runs up our settlenent, and is extremely well designed for water carriage, as it is of a deep, still nature. Besides, a fort at the fork might be built at much less expense than at the other place. " Nature has well contrived this lower place for water defense, but the hill on which it must stand, being, about a quarter of a mile in length, and descending, gradually on the land side, will render it difficult and very expensive to make asufficient fortification there. The whole flat upon the hill must be taken in, the side next the descent made extremnely high, or else the hill itself cut away; otherwise, the enemy may raise batteries within that distance without being, exposed to a single shot from the fort. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA. 20 "Shingiss attended us to Logstown, where we arrived between sunsetting and dusk, the twenty-fifth day after I left Williamsburg. As soon as I came into town, I went to Monaculooha** (as the Half-King was out at his hunting, cabin on Little Beaver Creek, about fifteen miles off), and informed him, by John Davidson, my *Indian interpreter, that I was sent a nlessenger to the French general, and was ordered to call upon the sachems of the Six Nations, to acquaint them with it. I gave him a string, of wampum and a twist of tobacco, and desired him to send for the Hallf-King-which he promised to do by a runner in the morning- and for other sachems. I invited him, and the other great men present, to my tent, where they staid about an hour, and returned. " According" to the best observations I could make, Mr. Gist's new settlement (which we passed) bears about west-northwest seventy miles from Will's Creek; Shanopin's, or the forks, north by west, or north-northwest about fifty miles from that; and from thence to the Loystown the course is nearly westtt about eighteen or twenty miles; so that the whole distance, as we went and computed it, is atleast one hundred and thirty-five or one hundred and forty miles from our back inhabitants. "25th.-Came to town four of ten Frenchmen who had deserted from a comupany at the Kuskuskas which lies at the mouth of this river. I got the following account from them: They were sent from New Orleans, with one hundred men and eight canoe-loads of provisions, to this place, where they expected to have met the same number of men from the forts on this side of Lake Erie, to convey them and the stores up, who were not arrived when they ran off. "I inquired into the situation of the French on the Mississippi, their numbers, and what forts they had built. They informed me that there were four small forts between. New Orleans and the Black Islands, garrisoned with about thirty or forty men and a few small pieces each. -That at New Orleans,. which is near the mouth of the Mississippi, there are thirty-five companies of forty men each, with a pretty strong fort mounting eight carriage-guns; and at the Black Islands there are several companies and a fort with six guns. The Black Islands are about a hundred and thirty leagues above the mouth of the Ohio, which is about three hundred and fifty above New Orleans. They also acquainted me that there was a small palisaded fort on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Obaish,~~ about sixty leagues from the Mississippi. The Obaish heads near the west end of Lake Erie, and affords the communication between the French on the Mississippi and those on the lakes. These deserters came up from the lower Shacnnoah town with one Brown, an Inidian trader, and were going to Philadelphia. " About three o'clock this evening the Half-King ll came to town. I went up and invited him, with Davidson, privately to my tent; and desired him to relate some of the particulars of his journey to the French Commandant, and of his reception there; also, to give me an account of the ways and distance. He told me that the nearest and levelest way was now impassable, by reason of many large, imiry savaniiahs; that we must be obliged to go by way of Venango, and should not get to the near fort in less than five or six nights' sleep, good traveling. When he went to the fort, he said, he, was received in a very stern manner by the late commander-, who asked him, very abruptly, what he had come about, and to declare his business; which he said he did in the following speech: "Fathers, I am come to tell you your own speeches, what your own mouths have declared. Fathers, you, in former days, set a silver basin before us, wherein there was the leg of a beaver, and desired all the nations to come and eat of it,-to eat in peace and plenty, and not to be churlish to one another; and, that if any such person should be found to be a disturber, I here lay down by the edge of the dish a rod, which you must scourge them with and if your father should get foolish, in my old days, I desire you may use it upon me as well as the others. " Now, fathers, it is you who are the disturbers in this land, by coming and building your towns, and taking, it away unknown to us, and by force. "Fathers we kindled a fire a Iong time ago, at a place called Montreal, where we, desired you to stay, and not to come and intrude upon our land. I now desire you may dispatch to that place for be it known to you, fathers, that this is our lanld and not yours.' Fathers, I desire you may hear, in civilness if not, we must handle that rod which was lai d down for the use of the obstreperous. If you had come in a peaceful manner, like our brothers, the English, we would not have been against your trading with us as they do; but to come, fathers, and buLild houses on OUr land, and to take it by force, is what we cannot submit to. Loston is vaiousy located by different writers; soine affiliming- it to be on the right In some on the left ba,nk. Hon. James Veech says there were two. one on each side the river -'4-Vai. iously spelled.I tt The clirection is nearer nortl-lwest. +1 Kaskaskia, at the mouLth of Kaskaskiat Rivei-, in Illinois.(?) ##This probably refers to "1 Poste Vincennes," locatecl oi-i the W::abash, aboult fort,y mi.les from the mouth. The location of the Black Islands, as given by Washington, is ne,-,r Rock Island. il1Tanacharisoii. Ile dicl a,tHarrisburg in October, 1-754. *'' Monongahela of Olcl. t This probably refers to the Marquis de la Jonquiere. T The exact a.ngle is 560. 2- Southwest sicle (?) 11 Variously spelled..-The, boro ugh-:officers -.lre,.Burgess, A. H. Rowland Jr.!. Coulncil7,J, R. Cribbs, A. G. Shade, W. J. Quinn, Thomas Miller, William Anderson, D. J. Voelke, C. D, Wylie;, Constables, John Burch, Henry Diamond, Justices of the. Peace, George L. Lee, W. D. Houghtelin; Assessor, First Ward, W. W. Grier; Registering Assessor, John Burch, Second Ward, Asssessor, B. F. Reynolds;, Auditors, W. W. Grier, B. E. Reynolds Street Commissioner David Osborne; Treasurer, A. M. Vantine: Clerk of Council, R. E. Smith Board of School Directors, John H. Blackford, President; W. D. Houghtelin, Secretary Daniel Stotler, A. H. Rowand, Jr., J. R. Cribbs, M. F. Bright.,The town is ot ati old place;, it has been buitu sitice the rsailro.ad wa -p.led. Itoeuies:a- commanldin-;.stuatioii:on the, left bank o.f the Allegheny River, the'valley--of -which stream is u nsuLrpassed for ~the grandeur of- itsX beauty ainywhere inWestern Pennsylvania. The:lofty'hills rise forest-clad -before us,, and here ancl ther.e.a,deep and, dark r avine and-a gray patch,of rock len:d diversity to the,pieturo,: a;nd -the whole is. mrirrorecl in, the,-:clear waters,of the- upper bran'ch of' La Belle Riviere." The Allegheny Valley and Western Pennsylvania Railways follow te nloble, sweeps~ of the river, and at alniost anvy tiiii a swift whlrliig,'trail. mnay bo,seen windin-, alon'b, the s,erpentine -way, at the,foot. of the- bluffs on the west, -OI across the loii- level plain, with a, perfSectly st:taight jine o-f track., on thc -east.:.In.the, distance are, -se-en thie white dwellint,s aroundc the. nob)le s.trLuetLres locate.d at Claremont, Station anid away to tho north tlhe, hills rise abruptly frozn- the river, their -undullating -summnits crowned with fiine dwellin gs, and -fin-orehards-and fields,.spotted wi-th.-the darkier -reen of -the f-brest-trees.:.The. town3 -itself is.generally well,built., and.all th.e indlioationis are. those of prosperity.;.:Braddock's Borough Covering t-ie couintry which, on the fatal 9th of July, 17,55, resounded to the yell of the paiinted savage and the crasli of battle, iiow stands a prosperouLs boroug0h of three tbousand to three thousand five hundred people, and naught remains to tell the tale of that bloodly da'y eOxcep't historic legends and occasional *xlics unearthed in excavatina for tho foundations of bu-ildingsj.,or u.pturnedq by *-the.plowshare. The spot is still- shown where th-ose.awf`ul scenes: took place..Orn the first rise of p;gronnd, or "bench,". where, in all probability,-the thickest of the fi,!ht took place, are now loca-ted an. ol:d burynt-gound, manay, dwellings- and - several churches, and still- farther back the many trains of the- Pennsylvania Railway thunde-r along- over the- smooth track, and back -on the slopes of! the higher hills are, located fine residences and -ne-at gxoulndls, where once- stood a.mighty. forest-a, fit hiding-place for the sava-e; men: ancl beasts! -that ion-, inha:bited- the -regyion. Th-e roar of battle has -been cban3ged for the- hum of inachineryl, and the battle-field bec'ome one of the most -prosperous stations in tho Co3unty pa the Pennsylvania Road. The borou-,h was inlcorporated in'1867.,'.',,,':, Among the. improvemnents..which sbow the progress- of the,plae.e sinace the days of Braddock and Washington are the fine. churelies and.schools... The First Presbyterian Society have in th-e proceess of completion, a fin-e brick ochurch-, and.tho; otlher -denlominlations are. repr esented as: follows, i. United Presbyteran church built-in 1866:; Methodist Episcopal "Sellers's Chapel," in 1859; -Disciples Church,. burnt -and rebuilt in, 1874; St. Thomas Catholic about. 1860.! The most importan't educational institution.pre.vious to its incorporation was a Female Seminary, started in IS34. For- years it was considered one of- the best ins,titutions of -the kind- in the CouLinty...-.-.:.:--.-. -..:. The school building is a two-story brick edifice, in the southeast part of t owltl The "Brad-ock's Trust Company", was- established in,. M:arch,, 1,873, wilth a capital -stock of $60'00.0 in cas4.'It does- a, general, banking buisiness, also a.savinr,q- bank -business, -and the company-is, at, -Dresent erectin a n io-front, -firev-,proof -buildin-, for its uise on the- corner~ of Braddock Avenue and Tenth Street. The officers are-7 President, W. S. Packer, Vice-President, R. E. Stewart Cashier.John G., Kelly; Directors, W. S. Packer, Thomas L. Kenny, R. E. Stewart, J. D. Schooley, R. P. Duff, M. L. Baum, William B. Lucas, W..L Hunter, Henry R. Chalfant.. -...-...... The " Braddock's Land Building and Loan Association", wa-s orca) edMarch r14): 1873. The offiGcers: arei as follows: President John Benn, Vice President J. C. Maggini; Secretary, H. C. Shallenberer; Treasurer, Dr.. S. Stahl Directors, Isaac Mills,. Sr. Isaac Mills, Jr., Jesse McCune, C. Fisher,.John Giles, G. A. Douglass Hoene, H. Hahn, Joseph Walters. Its; obj;ect is public benefit, an:the-acceler,atiorn of the g,rowth- of the atlr.eady.thlriving 1borouO,h,.-.:0;.The,- manufaicturles- a' -the Braddock's. Field Foundry, and Car Works, hby McVay Walker, anid a.sawv and pl ning, niill, by Leezer, Sollinger Patton; whiilo jiist. outside. the borough Xlimlits, at Bessemer Station, are, Joc)ated litee:..Ogteiisi-ve Edgar Thomson Bessemer Steel Works - whichr a-Tonore.p.articularly 4es6ribedL in- another pl,ace. --;:. -.;X;:-:...-:.;:-.: PENN- TOWNSHIP Penn was fone -o'the early' di-vislons of thle triit Sy-orhier iy occupied Pitt Township,-;and is at pr'esent -one-of te- iarges towvnshipsl in te aonny Thomas Wilson, esq. i isn-as te-first- se;ttler, oni th rmI now: owned y hsgrnsn lrni Wilson, Esq., and' was probably the first in the townslii. He ownted;'at;one tme nearly fou hudird acres in a singleerasactLire waseanIIrishman and, caime to A m'erica' in' 1765.`-::-;-; His settle,mernt in: Penn was: nmade in 1770., There'were no wh'ite settleis noa him at that time.; i-Ae'mo'ved to'Pittsburgh 1776,'d-emidthr uintil t he close''of the, Revolution. "Aft'er.the'war- the, Indians.still contin:ue d troublesome, and Mr. Wilson b'uilt -a block-house 1'e6 u p16 his, farm to protect, his family. Wilson's land is c a'le-d Wilson's Mount, Pitt Township, in-tepat'ent, which isdae Jnuary 9, 1788. Iis wVarrant tosurveyl tetract was- dated MAy To as(aol s ettied: in' th etownship:i n:1784. HIe -wa; a Revolutionary soldier and' had. served throghte vwholeo a:r.; In, 94) Frederick Stoner, a German, located ili the noteitpr-of Penn That part vthtowihipwa principally settled: bv Germnans, amono, whom w:ere6 thie Sniveleys, Sollers, Hersheys, and Souers, fw i e`the remainderof th ownhp wa V.nl populaed,by the' Irish.--: ---::... About 1790 Hugh Donaldson built a block house necar Ahe, presen-t forks -of: the Frankstown and Saltsburg road. ear -tbhis lb16ok h' fitere"was an; old Indian prehistoric burying ground. M:an rlie: wet- obtain edfrom ityears ago, bthere is flte,'left -^ow t-o nark' the- spot:l: Shortly~ afe te cls of0 e a for ind6pe nden',: a mrari naed Rollter was murdered by the Indians about'two male frm Wilkinsburg in Penn Township. There was no church in Penn tavr al period.Tefrst -was United Presbyerian and wa 6bit''T o miles~ fro Sandy Creek Station 6on th e, Frankstown road. 4The firSst scl 1o-h6us6'was -eiected "befobeXrS0-6n-la John Keating abou teemie*o Turtle Creek Village. White Ash post office was tefrst. It wasI. lcted, abu to,iles fro m' Sandy Creek Station. The coal deposits of Penn are extensive.:; The New York and Cleveland Gas Coal Company own over vehidrd6 ars'of the'' b'est coal-lan'ds ir'tho tow~nship, adtero -are many -ot er mines.:Ide, a Ie:xte'ds'ndeleeyfo fln in the -tow,ns-hip.- -;::-.; Tere are at pre'seinte elevn schoosandfurchurhee Penn VERONA BOROUGH was-incorporated. by act of the -Legislatur'e in 1 S7 I,. It previously forme-d part of Plum.and Penn Townships..It extends over a- wide -surface, there being four stations on the Allegheny Valley Railroad witliin its limits,_Iona, Verona, Hulton, and Edgewater. Of these -the inost important is Hulton, whichl was nlamed from Jonathan Hulton, who came there in 1832, and is still living near the station. At the time Mr. Hulton located tl-iere were- not over fifteen people in the vicinity. The first settler was a man named B1ady. One Shaw also came at about,the same time, and planted the' first orchard'aind built the" second house in the bo Wr:teewr n uhroug,h. This was years beoe thr eeay thougts of arailroad tbrough that pa'rt of the Cou nt -; Some ext'ensive manufactories are located her,aogte bin the rnia shops o'f thle Allegheny Valley Railroad. These'shops cover a larg-e fr-ac of ground adjacent to Verona Station, and are built-' of" briel-c.::They e' mploy about' tw'o hundeme,and tuLrn out nearly e'verythinoig that i"s'used on the road. A branch of the Allegheny Valley Railroad leaves from Verona, aild ruins up Plum Creek Valley to: the coal-w6rks -of the "New York and Cleveland Gas-coal Company," and beyond.- These works It locatfed- at Saltsburg Crossing aburgCliosg -- - Other -mailiate ai teto6l-works of Metcalf, Paul Co.,:whichl employ from-twe,nty-five to -.forty hacilids, and m' anhiufficture nlearly ~all kinlds of tools, in"cluding p ateitiu looks,mng tools, oto.'; the' Valley Paper Company:wit nIl -nteupper: part-:of'the: boroii-h,: establishod abouit -a- y-e`ai. s4nde, and m ani- fa~turn rpil a:nd pr'intingo paper;: ~and- a Spl'ii3 fatoWryowr Dexter Spring Company Szprmg C(opny''wo ilanufa 3ture'the@ new- "Dexter Spring." Thfatrws built aot87.-Teboroub oilans als 6iir4chu'hes,-and'naia stor-es,'Shops--oe -' " -- -; --." X - - D; - -i The'86hool bJuiIdiho,s'are throee-in'number, the olcl-:one a rckt O-toY dic a, small one in te lowe-r pa'rt o"f -tow-n, aid-a new:6il b iiiig'e-ectedl.' The'total value of the schiool -property is about eig-ht- th'ousalid clollars, anid the iLuniber of -sho hidrebn in Pt e orlou h;iii th- ni,bolooc of-0to}udr.. The number of inhabita't i'',lad t ero, Ait hunarec dto three tl ousand. 7 161 HISTORY, eOFd: - -ALLE-GRENY;1,COUNTy -, PEN:NSYLVANIA.162'The prominent -coal firms are Curry Co., Braddock's Field Gas and Coal Co., Thomas Kenny, and Redmon Fawcett. A -large proportion of the Ip opulation is composed of mineirs. -Brick is the principal mBaterial -Lised in building, and many fine dwellings and business, establishnients have, been erected recently, anld the wo'rk still: goeOs on.- There ar-e many, beautiful sites for, buildings, and people ar-e not slow in'takingr possession of them and mnaking -first-cl-ass improvemleiits'thereoii. The secret org7anizations are,:Braddock's Field Lodge, No. 510, A. Y. M.; Braddock's Field Lodge, No. 529, I. O. O. F.,; Knights of Pythias, aiid a new lodge called Knights of the Mystic Chain. The'value of the school property within, th'e borough limlits -is estimnate'd at $15,.000; number of sc-hool children ~about-325,' and average- a~ttendance, 250.~:The borouc,h officers'are, Burgess, Thomas J. Dowler; Council; William Rose, Daniel Oskins, Jacob Woolford, Owen King, W. A. Holland, Jesse McCune; Clerk of Council, H. C. Shallenberger; Assessor, Joseph McCune Assistant. Assessor, Edward McCready; Collector, William Sherwin; Street Commissioner, Zach Oskins; Justices of the Peace, J. McK. Snodgrass, J. A. Russell; Constables James Petty,: George Jacobs; Board of School: Directors, Jesse McCune, President; John B. Swem, Secretary; Isaac Mills, Jr., William Sherwin, William Speer, Philip Sharah, John G. Kelly, Treasurer. It will be noticed that- the different societies and institutions of the borough cling cloisely to the name:- Braddock's Field, and lby r'eforence to the map we find the streets -having such historic names as Shingiss, Aliquippa, Tonnalenka, Braddock, Beaujeau, Washington, Grant, Halket, etc., all named, from actors in the early history of the place and the region around. Thus the even'ts of one hundred and twenty-one years alre perpetuatecl in the meniory of the inhabitants, on the very grouDd vvhere they transpired, and every person bornl in the place mulst realize that the hoine of his nativity is "hallowed and historic ground." ELIZABETH BOROUGH is th oletplc.nteCut Monongahela except Pittsburgh orgnlonro'tepaewsDnl Mno.-Hsptn a bandi Stephen Bayard, Elizabethtown boatheuildinst paeri te ab out t on0 the firtnonatelas builtpt Pttsurl.ah orgname Mowne-on theplac'F armr Doal Mol Hs subeqentl buil othered wer 179.fterw74 tehn aards purchsed. Ih in.nd,i and Clr'lapdton h irs outeamvlaer buit'a was 178, Samuel Walker Stepher n toDtepatur," and ent son Joshua Thmencedt botbuildn uingtees -abou 1800eI. oneTenie l -irs both place b uilthti16 date,nd was named Monongahela River Lewis and Clark Expedition first steamer built at Elizabeth named "Stephen Decatur" gave way, as in West Elizabeth, to.the:coal trade. There are extensive mines in the-neighboring country, and the coal is shipped fromn the borough. -For the following itemwea- indebted to an a rticle which apae in the Elizabeth Black Diamond several years'ago: "Abo'ut the first o-f November, 1815, Samuel Cooper started a store at Elizabethtown. It w'as opened in Major John Watkin's'new brick building,.: There were less than a score of houses in the village at thati time, and only one small store, kept by: Major Andrew Craighead. "Round Hill meeting-house- was then in existence. The best tract of laind near Elizabethtown could have been bought at that time for thirty or,forty d'ollars per acre.'--': It was incorporated as a borough by act of -Assembly April 5, 1834. There have- been at different times th'ree newspapers published in the borough, -one during the Jackson campaign, called the- Pennsylvanian and Jacksonian Free Press,by Samuel Frew, and-a subseqLueint one, called the Monongahela Valley Messenger, by the-same gentlernan. These were both caimpaign papers, anid lasted no long-er than till after the Presidential election. The Elizabeth Herald was first published August 1, 1873, by Shaffer Penney, then called the Messenger. January 1, 1874, the ready-print outsides were discarded, and the ilname was changled to the Black Diamond, an d the paper devoted Iseiytoteca tracle. lMessrs. Shaffer Penney published it until September 12, 1874, wheni it was purchased bjy T. J. Weddell, and published by him until-the lst of January, 1,875, a t which time it was enlarged from' a wny-four to a thirty-two columin paperanth -name changed to The Elizabeth Herald. Messrs. McGinney Wiley leased it January 1, 1876,- and are the present'publishers. The -paper:is devoted to cap,i'culture, manufactures,'and gen'eral and h'ome news, and is iihtended for a first-class famnily journal. -The uniatze of the borough -are a plani-n t-Il operated by S. P. I. N. Large, aild -a foundry and, machin.e-shlop; this: institution, -however, -being just out of thle borough limits north of town, ancl owned by R. J. May.:. Th'e o -erators are Messrs. J. N. O'Neil Co., with works, on the west sidle of the z iver, alw-d Horner Roberts, -with works on the east side... The business, when in full blast, is very extenisive, anid.these firms give employn-ient to many haicls.. Messrs., J. ~S..J. Weddell, proprietors: of the; Elizabeth, Savings Bank, do a gYeiieral baniking; business... -:-.-.The public school building is a two-story brick,, built in 1 8 52 by S. Anderson, architect. It contains five room-s, each room haviing a separate, teacher, and the nuiiiber of children- of school age in the.borough is.three-hunclrecl to three hundreA and-twenty-five, with an average attenldance of two hunclred and.sixty-7three; this-for the year 1875; The estiinated Yalue of the school,property is niine thou-- sand dollars. Principal of schools, L. DB., Welch, Esq.: The oldest society in tovwilis the Monongahela Lodge, No. 209,1. O. O. F. The others are, Monongahela, Encampment, No. 109, I. O. O. F.; Stephen Byard Lodge, No. 526, A. Y. M.; Elizabeth Lodge, No. 444, Knights of Pythias; Chill Hazard Lodge,.No. 713, I. O. G. T.; and a Circle.of the Brotherhood of the Union.. Two building; and loan associations are also established here. Of, the Mutual Buildinand Loan Association, the following. are the officers, viz.: S. P. Large, President; J. M. McMains, Vice-President;- D. W. McBryar, Secretary; J.. P. Weddell, Treasurer. Those of the Elizabeth Building and Loan Association are Thornton Clay President; Ed. S. Walker, Vice-President; J. Q. A. Young, Secretary; J. E:. Shaffir, Treasurer.. The first church was tlie, Methodist Episcopal,, buqilt in 1832. The churches and their pastors -at present are as, follows.:. Reformed Presbyterian, Rev. T. C. Sproull; Methodist Episcopal, Rev., C. W. Miller; St. Michael's Roman Catholic Rev. P. McGarvey.; African Methodist Episcopal, Rev. W. H. Brown; Baptist, Rev. J. K. Cramer; Methodist, Rev. J. Hodgkinson; United Presbyterian, Rev. D. R. Pollock:Presbyterian, Rev. J. B. Dickey. The officers of the borough are,. Burgess, R.C. Stephens; Councilmen, George Roberts, Sr., David McBain, James McCune, Edward South, L. H. Norfolk Justices of the Peace, R. B. Abraham R. C. Stephens; Constable, B. H. Paul; Assessor, Robert Means; Board, of School Directors, J. N. O'Neil, President; J. M. McMains, Secretary; Josiah Speer, J. W. Robinson, L. A. Riggs Samuel Walker; Postmaster, Dr. J.. E. Shaffer. The population of.the borough is about thirteen.hundred,.although the adj acent territory is very thickly. settled,.and a; population is clustered here.reaching altogether about twenty-five hundred. The location of the town is one of great beauty, aind its iiihabitants have ilOt been sparing of their efforts to still more beautify nature by erecting handsome dwellings and making first-class improvemnents. A steam ferry plies between Elizabeth and West Elizabeth, giving the people of Elizabeth easy and q'uick connection with train-s on the Pittsburgh, Virginia Charleston Railway,. and enabling them also to -et their mails much qtuicker, and be witbin easy reach of the "Iron' City," Pittsburgh. The place has grown rapidly during the past few yeIars, and the imaprovements mlade in ~the time are of no mean order, and -reflect to good advantage upo'n the citizens who have made them. BOROUGH OF McKEESPORT. About the bet,inning of the eighteenth century? David McKee, with his family, removed from Scotland to the Protestant settlement in tlae north of Ireland, settling in the county of Donegal, or Derry; but persecution folLowed the Presbyterians, and about the middle of the century he was forced to remove, and. in compn with several brothers came to America,an-fudithprvceo Pennsylvania what he so long bad sought, *'A church without a bishop, And a state without a. king."' Hefrtsete er Philadelphia,bti the,, -4ear 11M5 c-riossed the montairns,r and, under the protection of the once celebrated queen of the Delawares, Aliquippa,* settled permianently at the miouth of tl1e Youghiogheny River, built a log cabin, and becaine the first wbite resident of the locality. The ground now covered by th many fine dwellings, stores, and various churches, schools, and manufacturing establishments, of McKeesport, was at that time an extensive marsh or swamp, and.not a site that would be chosen to-day by seekers after health and long life.,. The time, also, was seemingly not aptly chosen, for it was contemporaneous with the defeat of Braddock's army, and while the entire region was quakin, with the shocks of warfare, and the only recognized law was mni-ht. Yet in spite of all di:fficult-ies the settlement was made, and its fruits, are to be seen today ill the prosperous town, with its railroad, mnanufactories, and evtery evidence -:This place was the Indian Queen's honme. It is related that she took offense at Washington for not payinog his reg-ard,s to her wvhen passing her royal quarters, in. the fall of 1753; he, however, propitia'ted he'r on his return-'trip', by'the preseni of-abotefru!widely known by this means- and the splendid facilities it furnished for horgseracing. Oii one occasion a sbam battle was engaged in by the troops, and tlle event dwelt long in the n-iemoiry of the spectators as a grand. affair. One of the promiinent butildings of these times was the "Black-Horse Tavern,'" on Water Street, near Second, where it is still standing, aind is ktnown to-day a, the "1 Red House." This house was built of logs, by Sterling Johnson, about, eighty years ago, andl bas been occupied by vairious parties since, al-ways in. the~ capacity, of a tavern. Mrs. James Alexander, wife of James Alexander, whco occupied.it in 1812, was reputed as being the best cook in the nei;,hboybood7 and her coffee was known and praised both far and near. In 1S15, Jamnes Penney came from the New Jersey settlement, near Monongahela City, and settled on Third Street. He married a sister of Colonel Jesse Sill, and kept a store and cooper shop. The first preaching, at this point wa$W about the year 1800, in an old boat-house. James Mercer was the pioneer preacher. Ill 1819 a Union church was erected by the Presbyterians and Baptists, on land doinated for church purposes by Joln McKee. The church was built by contribution, the first Presbyterian pastor being Rev. Mr. Swan, and the first Baptist pastor Rev. Milton Sutton. The Baptists afterwards built a separate church at the southeast corner of the Diamond wbich was subsequently purchased and used by tlhe Reformed Presbyterians. The church buildint,s nowv standing in the borough are eight in number, as follows: First Presbyterian, erected in 1862; United Presbyterian built in IS51, and rebuilt in1S71; First; Baptist, built in IS69; Methodist Episcopal, 1847; Protestant Episcopal, IS74; Reformed Presbyterian, 1874; St. Peter's Catholic, I875; and German Evangelical Protestant,' 1871. The claurches are nearly all substantially built off brick. In the year 1821 Joseph Wampler located in the town, and has become widelyo known as a manulfacturer of fine telescopes, etc. John Harrison came in 1824 and in 1830 became the pioneer coal merchant, having purchased a tract of land} from a Pittsburgh lawyer, namied Selden, upon which hje opened the first coalpit. Amonog others who caught the coal fever were Mr. Dunshee and Samuel Dickey, and, until within a few years, McKeesport was known wholly as a coal town. Among the heavy dealers of -to-day are Messrs. F. H. Coursin, William Neel, J. S. Neel, John Penney, J. C. Risher Co., and William Stone's heirs; while at a little greater distance are Messrs- Whigham, Bailey Co., George Lyle's Son Co. and Foster Clark. The annual coal production of the Monongahela Valley amnounts to forty million,bushels, of which immense bulk the. mines around McKeesport furnish a propoi-tionate share. There was a small school kept in the place between the years 1815 and 1820,. taught ~by Andrew Hendrickson. In 1832 a frame school-house was erectedt twenty by thirty-two feet, and twelve feet MAg. It stood on Fourth Street, andwill be rem-emibered by many who are yet liviDg, and who passed manDy hours beneath its roof. At present there are two school-buildings completed, one in the! First and one in the Third Ward, and a third building is being erected in the, latter Ward. The First Ward building is a large brick structure, and, was erectecl in:1863. The place was created a borough by the court, September 3, 1842, and thie boundaries extended and borough divided into tbree wards by thle Legislature, May 24, 1873. An electioni was held Septem-ber 6, 1842, and th-e following officers elected: James P. Hendrickson, Burgess; Janmes W. Edgar, Hiram B. Sinclair, Hugh Rowland, Charles Fasold, Samuel C. Huey, Town Council; John Long, Constable; Williaim Penney and John Walker, Overseers of the Poor.. September 13, 1842, the Council met, and, after being sworn in, made the following appointments: Perry Baker, Clerk; James. Penney, Sr. Treasurer; John Cook, Assessor and Collector; William Cook, Street Commissioner; Samuel C. Huey and Hugh Rowland, Committee to draft. Ordinances and By-Laws, The Council met quarterly, and every absent member was finbed twenty-five cents. The -first steam-ferry was introduced in 1846, and was conisidered a long step forward in the development of the surrounding country. It was called the Yough, and owned by H1. B. Sinclair. In the year 1847, steam was utilized in towinlg coal-boats, and " floating" was sooil after entirely discontinued. In 1849 a schlool building was erected on the site of the'resent First Waird school, the first prinlcipal beinc, Dr. James E. Huey, and William E. Harrison his assistant. A market-house was b-uilt in 1 851, and hacl apartmients for a markzet,.town hall, and jail. The first floor was occupiecl by market stalls, and rented out by Council to, parties baving vegetables, etc., for sale; while the secoiid floor was div7ided into.two apartments, oine for a town hall and one for a jail, thle eintrance being friom the rear of' the building. The dams for slack-water liavigationl on the Youghioheny River were coimpleted during tlhe.sam-e year (1851), and Messrs. Bailey, Whigham, Hendrickson,and H. B. Sinclair puLrchased two boats,-the " Genesee" and "Tom Shriver,"' and operated a packet line for three years between Pittsburgh and West Newton jthe dams, broke about 1854, and have never been of iteligece,refnemnt,and thrift, forming a halo throuLgh which the past, with all its pioneer troubles and struugles to surmount all difficulties, and the characters who played the leading -roles, appear as in an eventful dream) and the citizens occupying the ground to-day can hardly realize the chang;es which have been made since the " first white settler" set his foot down at the con fue ce of the two fine streams which flow past their doors. One of ]David McKee's brothers established "McKee's Port," and a trading post on the, Susquehanna. From aniother, who settled in Rockbridge County, Virginia, descended the numerouLs families of the namle who settled in Kentucky, North Carolina, and nearly all the Southern States. A skiff ferry was started by David McKee soon after bis arrival, connectin-, the settlement with the opposite sides of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Rivers, and in 1769 be obtained a charter tlierefor. To-day there is still a ferry, altliough one widely different from the frail skiff of McKee,.for steain is the motive-power which works its paddle-wheels, and its size will bardly compare with the first diminutive vessel wbich' was wont to carry passengers across the rippling rivers. In 1840 there was an old block-bouse standing at the corner of Walnut ancl Second Streets, supposed to have been built by McKee. David McKee died -October 11l 1795, aged eighty-five years, and his property passed to his three sons, John, David, and Robert. David left the settlement, and, removinog across the Monongahela, occupied a tract of land in what is now Mifflin Township. Robert McKee located on a tract below town, in tlhe neiglhborhood of Braddock's, then a respectable settlement. John McKee ret ained the old homestead, which had been deeded to hin-i some years before. He was born in Ireland in 1746, and at the death of his father was forty-nine years of age-a m an of much energy, and of infinite resources of mind and body. He had been extremely prosperous up to the date of the " Whisky Rebellion," and was accounted one of the wealthiest men -in Western Pennsylvania; but subseqjuent to that'his affairs took a backward turn, and he lost large amounts previous to the year 1795, when he laicl out the town of McKeesport, on the site of what had been known as McKee's Ferry. The plan of the town consisted of upwards of two hundred lots, each forty feet front by one hundred, and forty feet deep, and having the advantage of an alley twenty feet wide "for, the convenience of stables, etc." The prin-cipal streets were to be eighty feet wide, the others si:xty, with a large sqfuare intendecl for the location of a market-bouse, left near the centre of the town.* The price of lots was twenty dollars, an'd the deeds were made by lottery for choice of position. Each person was to pay tCD dollars when he purchased his ticket, and the remainder wheii his purchase was located and his deed secured. On the 26th of March, 1795, he had sold one hunclred and, eightyseven lots, but had as yet given no namie to the town, and it was not till sonie timne in November of the same year that the name " McKee's Port" was finally settled upon. In those days lotteries were quite common, when means were to be raised for the purpose of building academies, churches, etc., and the First Presbyterian Church of McKeesport, -built in 1807, was erected by funds raised by means of a lottery. The old grave-yard, now containiing but few graves, most of the bodies having been removed,.was set apart by David McKee, Sr., for burial purposes. As an incentive for parties to locate at the new town, it was told them that the place was " twelve m iles nearer to Philadelphia" than Pittsburgh. As early as 1800. or 1805, McKeesport was a thriviilC, town, anid had a race-track running nearly around it, showing that its citizens were by no means devoid of a love for out-door sports.. John McKee died January 11, 1S07, aged sixty-one years. His remains were placed by the side of his father's, in the old cemetery, but were removed about 1874 to Versailles Cemetery. The only s-urviving child of John McKee is Redick McKee, now seven ty-fi-ve years of age, living at the city of Washington, D. C. About the year 1807 William Cavin came from the York settlement, throutrh Pittsburgh, bringing a cow with him, for wbich animal he was offered in that place an acre of ground near Wood Street, but refused the offer and pushed on to the place wbich was "nearer Philadelphia" than was Pittsburgh. Soon after reaching McKeesport he married Miss Loughead, whose father, Colonel William Loughead, kept a store on Third Street. At. this time, although considera-ble of a town had been built up, it was still necessary to go t.o Pittsburgh for niails and many articles o)f household use. At the breaking out of the war of 1812 many citizens of the place,eDlisted, some of them being afterward promoted to commissioned officers. Among tlhem were Colonel Jesse Sill, Colonel F. Muse, Colonel William Loughead, and several others, all of whom took part for many years after the war in the annual reviews of the State militia, held the 16th of May. To these reviews came people from all around the settlement, and the place became 163 HISTORY.-OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.,, The originaJl village was laicl out by a. practica.l survevor, ancl, unlike most Western Pennsylvania cities, the old cow-paths were not f'ollowed in the construction of streets.- 164 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. gheny Encampment, I. O. O. E., instituted Pecemnber 17, 1866; Titus Lodge, K. of P., Novembei- 4, 1,869; Alequippa Lodge, A. Y. M.; McKee Lodge, A. O. U. W.; Knights of Mystic Chain, and a society known as the "Junior Sons of'76." The " McKeesport Library Association" was chartered April 24, 1875. The library is owned by a stock company, and has about five hundred volumes. President, J. R. Gemmill; Vice-President, Jamies S. Kuhn; Secretary, H. R. Tassey; Treasurer, John F. Davitt; Librarian, George Travers; Directors, R. G. Wood, Thomas Penney, William Whigham, H. B. Sinclair, Isaac West, M. F. Ryan, J. W. Wrightman, W. A. Dunshee, S. E. Carothers. The present borough officers are, Burgess, Frederick Houghton; Council, First Ward, John Wampler, J. F. McMullen, Nathaniel Finch; Second Ward, John Wadsworth, James O'Neil, Samuel Hutchinson; Third Ward, Alonzo Inskeep, Sanford Clark, J. W. Bailie - Clerk of Council, Jesse Sill; Treasurer, C. R. Stuckslager; Street Commissioner, Daniel Fell; Wharf-Master, Joseph Dougherty; Board of School Directors: First Ward, W. F. Knox, G. M. Bacon, R. G. Wood; Second Ward, R. L. Riggs, A. B. Campbell, John W. Scott; Third Ward, Dennis Nill, John Hammitt, George W. Laughlin; President of Board, W. F. Knox; Secretary, A. B. Campbell, Treasurer, George W. Canfield; Constables: First Ward, J. B. Mc:Marlin; Second Ward, Joseph Dougherty; Third Ward, William Knee. LEET TOWNSHIP. One of the surveyors of the so-called " depreciated lands" north of the Ohio was Jonathan Leet. Daniel Leet, of Washington County, also originally owned the part of Leet Township now known as Sewickley Bottom, and William Leet was one of the first settlers. From these men the township received its name. It was most of it included in the surveyed tract of Jonathan Leet, and upon the erection of Sewickley Township it became a part of it. It was organized as a separate township in 1869. In 1779 the Delaware Nation gave Sewickley Bottom to Colonel George Morgan, Indian Agent, then living at Princeton, New Jersey, in token of their gratitude to him for his disinterested efforts to benefit their race. The gift was not accepted, and the land was afterwards owned by Major Daniel Leet, as,stated above. Major Leet did not take possession until about 1827, and he died there in 1830. William Leet, his brother, and John Bean, his brother-in-law, had lived on it for years. They occupied the land as tenants, and were the first settlers in Leet Township. Their settlement dates back to 1796. Bean's log cabin stood on the bank of the river, near Leetsdale, and was washed away long ago. John Way's house, wliich stood near the bank at a very early day, is also gone. At the time of its settlement there were many interesting pre-historic remains in the township. Within all area of a mile in Sewickley Bottom there were no less than five mounds plainly visible. There is a large one near Leetsdale, On land formerly owned by Major Leet, upon which heavy timber is now growing. It is near the residence of the late Charles A. Wood. Many stone axes, pieces of pottery, and other relies have been unearthed in the vicinity, which point to an origin ages before the Indians were in existence. Mr. John Way, Jr., of Leet Township, has many of these interesting remains in his The earliest mill in the township stood on Little Sewickley Creek, on the Beaver Road, upon the property of Daniel Leet. It was there in 1797, and was a gristmill. Not far from there. on a hill iiorth of the Beaver Road. a church wasq built. It wals a very small frame building, not mor-e than twenty by thirty feet in its dimensioins, aild still exists as a dwelling, near Leetsdale Station, whither it was reimoved about 1852. It was built as early as 1812. It was of the Methodist denomination, and the first eburch in the townshlip. It had no regularly installed.pastor, but was occasionally Ksuppliedl by itinerant preachers. At present there are but two churches in the township, Leetsdale Presbyterian and Fair Oaks Baptist. The first school-house was a brick building, erected by David Shields, in 1824. John Way was the first magistrate. He was appointed in 1799. The first post-office was at the residence of David Shields, who was the first Postmaster. There is but one post-office at present, located at Leetsdale. In about 1836 Mrs. Mary Oliver started a ladies' seminary at Edgeworth. She was a very accomplished English lady, and taugrht an excellent school for several years. Her remains rest in the Sewickley Cemetery. About two years later a boys' academy was opened on a tract now owned by repaired, remains of them being still visible. Of course this puLt an end to steam navigation on the " Yough." In the fall of 1854, John Y. Collins published one issue of the McKeesport Standard, and then suspended until the latter part of December, when he associated with him Dr. J. B. Mitchel, and continued its publication a short time longer. This was the first paper ever published in the place, and was continued by different persons for a period of five or six years, when financial depression and events immediately preceding. the breakinog out of the rebellion rendered it necessary to stop its publication. This was the last of the newspaper business in McKeesport until 1870. On the 18th of June of that year the McKeesport Paragon was established by J. W. Pritchard Brother, and the first seventeen numbers published in the building now occupied by the Times. Its size was twenty-two by thirty-two inches, twenty-four columnSs. After the first seve'nteen numubers were published it was discontinued (October 15, 1870), and did not start again until July 29, 1871, wben it was re-established by J. W. Pritchard, and bas since been continued by him. For much of our information pertaining to the borough we are indebted to some articles in the Paragon, entitled " From McKee to McKeesport" and " History of the Borough of McKeesport," kindly furnished us by Mr. Pritchard. The Paragon has been twice enlarged,-May 11, 1872, to a twenty-eight-column paper, and to its present size, thirty-two columins, January 10, 1874. The fiirst number of the McKeesport Times was issued August 5, 1871, by B. B. Coursin, it then being a twenty-eight-column journal; since enlarged to thirty-two columns, twenty-six by forty inches, the same size as the Paragon. It is an independent Republican sheet, has a fair circulation, and is published in the Times building, near the railway station. St. Peter's Catholic Church has a school connected with it, both buildings being substantially built of brick. Amoing the public institutions of McKeesport, we find two banks doing a genleral baniking business, and standing ea-ch on a firmn finiancial foundation. The First National Bank of McKeesport was organized March 1, 1875, from what was previously knowni as the Commercial Banking Company, organized in March, 1872. Its cash capital is $67,000 paid in; deposits, $170,000. The officers are the same as those of the Commercial Banking Company, viz., William Higham, President; W. D. Wood, Vice-President; Thomas Penney, Cashier; James S. Kuhn, Assistant Cashier. The Directors are William Higham, W. D. Wood, Benjamin Coursin, H. B. Sinclair, H. B. Cochran, James Lynn, James F. Ryan, William E. Harrison, James F. McMullen, and W. H. Crump. The People's Savings Bank was organized in February, 1873, with J. C. Con-verse, President; C. R. Stuckslager, Vice-President; G. L. Reiber, Cashier. Its capital stock is $100,000, of which $63,104 is paid in. Its total resources amounted to $167,355.54 on the 31st of December, 1875, and at that time its deposits were $98,565.83. Its present officers are J. C. Converse, President; J. P. White, Vice-President; C. R. Stuckslager, Cashier; A. W. Momeyer, Teller. Directors, J. C. Converse, James O'Neil, J. P. White, J. P. Learn, J. H. Flagler, Jos. A. Stone, Jos. Haber, J. G. Leezer, John McCleary, William McMasters, C. H. Foote, W. P. Wampler. The manufactures of McKeesport are extensive, the following being the more prominent ones: National Tube Works Company; United States Iron and Tin Plate Company; Pitt Steel Works, Jones, Ingold Co., proprietors; W. D. Wood Co., manufacturers of Russia or patent planished sheet-iron; Pittsburgh McKeesport Car Co.; Original McKeesport Planing-Mill, by Neel Wampler; planing-mill of Wampler, Gemmill Co.; A. W. Smith, manufacturer of carriages, coaches, and wagons; saw-mills of G. Kinzenbaugh Son, and J. Lazear in McKeesport, and A. M. McClure Co., on the opposite side of the Monongahela, in Mifflin Township. Messrs. McClure ; Co. also have an extensive lumber-yard in the borough, and barges are built at their mills for the river trade. The boating business is quite extensive, coal being largely shipped by barges, ancl the iiuumber of them -rendering it necessary to employ a consideirable number of steamers in towing. Passenger traffic by water is also fair, especially during warm weather, when excursion and picnic parties travel almost wholly by water, -it being a pleasanter way than a dusty ride on the cars. A station called McKeesport is locate'd on the north bank of the Monongahela River, on- the Pittsburgh, Virginia Charleston Railway, at which place there is a population of perhaps one hundred. The borough has a population of between four and five thousand, having nearly doubled since 1870, when the population was something over twenty-five hundred. It has two halls for public use, " Franklin" and " Lafayette," and the general appearance of the town is that of a well-built and busy city. Conlsiderable gr-ainl is handled, principally for home mnanufacture, by a brewery aiid flourhig-mill. Tlle secret societies are Youghiogheny and Blucher Lodges, I. O. O. F., the former instituted September 26, 1849, and the latter a German society; YoughioI HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 21 "'I intend to send the guard of Mingoes, Shannoahs, and Delawares, that our brothers may see the love and loyalty we bear them.' "As I had orders to make all possible dispatch, and waiting here was very contrary to my inclination, I thanked him in the most suitable manner I could, and told him that my business required the greatest expedition, and would not admit of that delay. He was not well pleased that I should offer to go before the time he had appointed, and told me that he could not consent to our goin without a guard, for fear some accident should befall us and draw a reflection on him. "Besides," said he, "this is a matter of no small moment, and just not be entered into without due consideration; for I intend to deliver up the French speech-belt, and make the Shannoahs and Delawares do the same.' " And accordinly he gave orders to King Shingiss, who was present, to attend on Wednesday night with the wampum, and two, men of their nation to be in readiness to set out with us the next morning. " As I found it- was impossible to get off without affronting them in the most egregious manner, I consented to stay. "I gave them back a string of wampum, which I met with at Mr. Frazier's, and which they sent, with a speech, to his Honor the Govelnor, to inforrmi him that three nations of French Indians, namely, Chippewas, Ottoways, and Orundaks, had taken up the hatchet against the English, and desired them to repeat it over again. But this they postponed doing until they met in full council with the Shannoah and Delaware chiefs. " 27th.-Runners were dispatched very early for the Shannoah chiefs. The Half-King set out himself to fetch the French speech-belt from his hunting,-cabin. "28th.-He returned this evening,, and came with Monakatoocha~ and two other sachems to my tent, and begged (as they had complied with his Honor the Governor's request, in providing men, etc.) to know on what business we were going to the French. This was a question I had all along expected, and had provided as satisfactory answers to as I could, which allayed their curiosity a little. "Monakatoocha informed me that an Indian from Venango brought news, a few days ago, that the French had called all the Mingoes, Delawares, etc., together at that place, and told them that they intended to have been down the river this fall, but the waters were growing cold, and the winter advancing, which obliged them to go into quarters, but that they might assuredly expect them in the spring, with far greater numbers; and desired that they might, be quite passive and not intermeddle unless they had a mind to draw all their forces upon them: for that they expected to fight the English three years (as they supposed there would be some attempts. made to stop them), in which time they should conquer; but that if they should prove equally strong, they and the English would join to cut them all off, and divide the land between them; that though they had lost their general and some few of their soldiers, yet there were men enough to reinforce them and make them masters of the 0hio. "' This speech,' he said,' was delivered to them by one Captain Joncaire, their interpreter-in-chief, living at Venango, and a man of Note, in the army.' "29th. The Half-King, and Monakatoochla came very early, and begged me to stay one day more; for, notwithstanding, they had used all the diligence in their power, the Shannoah chiefs had not brought the wampum they ordered, but would certainly be in to-night; if not, they would delay me no longer, but would send it after us as soon as they arrived. When I found them so pressing in their request, and knew that the returning, of wampum was the abolishing, of agreements, and living, this up was shaking off all dependence upon the French, I consented to stay, as I believe an offense offered at this crisis might be attended with greater ill consequences than another day's delay. Thley also informed me that Shingiss could not get in his men, and was prevented from coming himself by his wife's sickness (I believe by fear of the French), but that the wampum of that nation was lodged with Kustaloo, one of their chiefs at Venango. "In the evening, late, they came again, and acquainted me that the Shannoahs were not yet arrived, but that it should not retard the prosecution of our journey. He delivered in my hearing, the speech that t was to be made to the French by Jeskakake, one of their old chiefs, which was giving up the belt the late Commandant had asked for, and repeating nearly the same speech he himself had done before. " He also delivered a string of wampum to this chief, which was sent by King Shigiss, to be given to Kustaloo, with orders to repair to the French and deliver up the wampum. "He likewise gave a very large String of black and white wampum, which was to be sent up immediately to the Six Nations if the French refused to quit the land at this warning, which was the third and last time, and was the right of this Jeskake to deliver. 30th.-Last night the great men assembled at their council-house, to consult "'Fathers, both you and the English are white; we live in a country between; therefore the land belongs neither to one nor the other. But the Great Being above allowed it to be a place of residence for us; so, fathers, I desire you to withdraw, as I have done our brothers, the English; for I will keep you at arm's length. I lay this down as a trial for both, to see which will have the greatest regard to it, and that side we will stand by, and make equal shares with us. Our brothers, the English, have heard this, and I come now to tell it to you; for I am not afraid to discharge you off this land.' " This, be said, was the substance of what he spoke to the general, who made this reply. "'Now, my child, I have heard your speech; you spoke first, and it is my time to speak now. Where is my wampum, that you took away, with the marks of towns on it? This wampum I do not know which you have discharged me off the land with; but you need not put yourself to the trouble,of speaking, for I will not hear you. I am not afraid of flies or mosquitoes, for Indians are such as those. I tell you that down that river I will go, and build upon it, according to my command. "'If the river was blocked up, I have forces sufficient to burst it open, and tread under my feet all that stand in opposition, together with their alliances; for my force is as the sand upon the sea-shore; therefore here is your wampum;I Sling it at you! Child, you talk foolish; you say this land belongs to you, but there is not the black of my nail yours. "'I saw the land sooner than you did, before the Shannoahs and you were at war. Lead* was the man who went down and took possession of that river. It is my land, and I will have it, let who will stand up for or say against it. I will buy and sell with the English (mockingly). If people will be ruled by me they may expect kindness, but not else.' "The Half-King told me he had inquired of the general after two Englishmen who were made prisoners, and received this answer: " I Child, you think it is a very great hardship, that I made prisoners of those two people at Venango. Don't concern yourself with it; we took and carried them to Canda,to get intelligence of what the English were doing in Virginia.' " He informed me that they had built two forts, one on Lake Eriet and another on French Creek, near a small lake, about fifteen miles asunder, and a large wagonroad between. They are both built after the same model, but different in size, that on the lake the largest. He gave me a plan of them of his own drawing. "The Indians inquired very particularly after their brothers in Caroline gaol. "They also asked what sort of a boy it was who was taken from the South Branch, for they were told by some Indians that a party of French Indians had carried a white boy to Kuskuska Town, towards the lakes. "26th. We met in council at the long-house, about nine o'clock, where I spoke to them as follows: "'Brothers, I have called you together in council by order of your brother, the Governor of Virginia, to acquaint you that I am sent, with all possible dispatch, to visit and deliver a letter to the French Commandant, of very great importance to your brothers, the English, and, I dare say, to you, their friends and allies. "' I was desired, brothers, by your brother, the Governor, to call upon you, the sachems of the nations, to inform you of it, and to ask your advice and assistance to proceed by the nearest and best road to the French. You see, brothers, I have gotten thus far on my journey. "'His Honor likewise desired me to apply for some of your young men to conduct and provide provisions for us on our way, and be a safeguard against those French Indians who have taken up the hatchet against us. I have spoken thus particularly to you, brothers, because his Honor, our Governor, treats you as good friends and allies, and holds you in great esteem. To confirm what I have said, I give you this string of wampum.' "After they had considered for some time on the above discourse, the HalfKing, got up and spoke: "' Now, my brother, in regard to what my brother, the Governor, has desired of me, I return you this answer: "'I rely upon you as a brother ought to do, as you say we are brothers and one people. We shall put our heart in hand, and speak to our fathers, the French, concerning the speech they made to me; and you may depend that we will endeavor to be your guard. "' Brother, as you have asked my advice, I hope you will be ruled by it, and stay until I can provide a company to go with you. The French speech-belt is not here; I have to go for it to my hunting-cabin. Likewise, the people whom I have ordered have not yet come, and cannot until the third night from this; until which time, brother, I must beg you to stay. * Having reference, no doubt, to the leaden plates of Celoron. 1749. t One of these forts was at Presq' Isle, now Erie, and the other at Lo Boef, now Waterford. This place is located, on an old map, on the west side of Beaver Creek. # This, like all Indian names, is variously spelled.John Way, Jr. It was commenced in a large private house, and was continued in 1849 in Sewickley Borough. The township contains four district schools at present. There is no coal near the surface. The whole distance from Haysville, Aleppo Township, to Leetsdale is settled by wealthy families of taste and refinement, who have assisted nature in making it a modern Elysium. We refer especially to the tract lying back of Edgeworth Station, which is for a clistance of three-fourths of a mile terraced by nature, and consists of two beautiful lawns of a qLuarter of a mile each, which slope regularly back towards the hills beyond. Many of the trees have been left standing, and the natural ravinies have not been filled up. The wildest sylvan beauty prevails, min-led with all the elegance that taste and wealth can bestow. There is notbing in the whole country that surpasses it. It equals the most fanciful dreamus of the poet, and fabled nymphs might deign to dwell there. SEWICKLEY TOWNSHIP was erected frorn a part of Ohio Township, and was confirmled by court January 28, 1854. Since then it bas been divided, and Leet formed from a, portion of it wbich bordered on the river. Sewickley i s now entirely separated fromi the river, and its present territory was not settled until late. The first settler was Frederick Merriman. He located in the nortlheast part of the townsliip, in 1808 or IS09. After Merriman's settlenilent a number 0of men came to the township at about the same timle. Among them were Samuel Gunsallius, Adam and Arthur Scott, John Clark, John Gillen, William Riley, John Crees, and David and James Wilkin. To give a detailed sketch of each of them would be uninteresting, even if we possessed the necessary facts. It will therefore be sufficient to state that Gunsallius came about 1809 and Crees in 1812, and the others between these dates. The first school-house was on Little Sewickley Creek, and was built in 18:14. The, oldest mill belongs to Nathan Mitchell. It is on the Little Sewickley, and is a saw-mill and grist-mill, and commenced operations in 1835. The first Justice of the Peace was John Mitchell. There is no post-office in Sewickley Township..It is very sparsely settled, and a large tract of it has never been settled at all. There are four school-houses now in the township. There. are not. over eighty voters within its bounds. Coal is found near the surface, but bas not been mined extensively. -The first settlers in the township were most of them from Western Pennsylvania, and of German descent. Much of the country alon-, the Little Sewickley is still in its original condition. The surface is very rough and heavily wooded, and the scenery is wild and beautiful. ALEPPO TOWNSHIP has been recently formed from a part of Kilbuck bordering on the Ohio River. It was confirmed in June, 1876, and was, previous to the erection of Kilbuck, a part of the original township of Ohio. Aleppo was the name given on the patent to a tract of land now owned by R. H. Davis, Marsh McDonald, James McCowan, David McDonald, and otlhers. It is a historic name. Solomon Veal first patented the land now owned by James Parke, and was the first settler in the township. There was an old cabin, years ago, on the bank of the river, and it is said to have been Veal's. It stood near Ulery's Trap, anad was finally washed away by the current. The ripple called Ulery's Trap derived its rlame as follows: An old man by the name of Ulery was one of -the early settlers in the territory now comprised in Aleppo, and lived on the river bank near the ripple. Some men came from Fort Pitt one day in a keel-boat, trading, and ran zaground. They applied to Ulery for assistance, and with his aid the boat was removed from the shoals. But the old man charged an enormous price for bis services, and the men went on their way vowinig they would keep clear of him ever afterwards. The very next year they were again obliged to apply to him for similar aid, and were charged for it as before, whence they called the ripple Ulery's Trap, and it still irctains the name. There is a traidition common amon- the old settlers that a man was once killed by the Indians on the Aleppo tract. It is said that the man and his wife were riding home after a day's work, when he was shot, but the woman escaped. It may be true, but we have been unable to learn the name of the man or the date of his death. HTISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.:165 A mill was built in the township ill about 1808. It was on Kilbuck Run, and was built by James Owen. There is no post-office nor church. The township contains two school-houses; oiie near Haysville, on the Parke, farm, and the other near the Merriman farm above. iBoth are of recent date. There are about one lhundred and twenity-sevenl voters at present. There are no manufactures, coal-works, extensive mills, or villages. The country is principally settled by business men fi-om Pittsburgh and Allegheny City. There is a fine hotel at Haysville, on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad. It was built as a summer resort in 1873, and is furnished with magnificence. It is situated in a beautiful spot, and overlooks one of the finest views along the Ohio valley. KILBUCK TOWNSHIP. In 1869, Ohio Township extended about nine miles along the Ohio River, and five n-iiles back of it. At tllat timie a strip alon, the river was erected into a new townsliip, and named Kilbuck, from Killbuck, the Delaware Indian chief. It is said by some of the old residents that Kilbuck is buried in the township, and an Indi an grave is still shown as his. As there were several warriors who bore that name, it is quite possible that the assertion is correct; but Captain Henry Kilbuck, from whoin the run was named, died and was buried near Wheeling, West Virginia. William Dixon, David and William Courtney, James Duff, and John Cheny were some of the first settlers. Dixon was the first, and came in 1796 to the place now occupied by Thomas Courtney. James Duff came to the township from Westmoreland County. He had previously emigrated from Ireland. John Cheny was the first settler around Emsworth, and the first mill in thie township was -built there by him previous to 1 802. In 1S02 he sold his riglit to John Wilkins. William Courtney settled in 1803, and David Courtney about the same time. The first school-house in the township was built on land of Joseph Dixon. The Emsworth Presbyterian Church was the first in the township. It was organized in 1860, by Rev. D. Elliott and Rev. James Alison. The building was erected in 186S. The first preacher was Rev. Aaron Williams. Tlle first post-office was at Emsworth, and was called Courtney's. Wm. Courtney was the first Postmaster. There are now two churches at Emsworth Presbyterian and United Presbyterian and a large graded school. The village contains about five hundred inhabitants, and over a hundred children attend the public school. The Western Pennnsylvania Hospital for the Insane is situated at Dixmont; a description of it is given on another page of our work. It is a large and beauitiful building, and is in one of the most picturesque parts of tlle township. Kilbuck, like the other townships bordering on the right bank of the Ohio, is settled chiefly by wealthy men from the city, and it contains some fine residences. The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad passes through it. Turkeyfoot Rock, whicli overbangs this road near Emsworth, was so called from a turkey's trackz marked upon its face in an inaccessible point, about one hundred feet above the water. It is imprinted in red, and was there when the firs t settlerscame to the township. Its origin is unknown. The rock is about One hundred and fifty feet high. Various pre-historic remains have been found in different parts of the township. OHIO TOWNSHIP was one of the original divisions of Pitt Township, north of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, and was formed in 1796. It formerly included Franklin, Marshall, Sewickley, Kilbuck, Aleppo, Leet, and the present township of Ohio, and extended from the northeru boundary of the County,to the Ohio River. It has been reduced by successive divisions to less than a fifth of its origiinal size. The first white man wlio made his home in the present township of Ohio was Henry Wilson, a squatter. He was probably there before the year 1800. In 1801, William Richey settled on a tract now owned by John George. He had been a soldier in Wayne's expedition. While the army was lying at Legionville, he was sent on some comnlission to Fort Pitt. WVhen a sbort distance from camp, be heard a wild turkey gobble near' by. The sounds were repeated, and he followed them, but cautiously and beliind the trees. At lengtb, upon exposing adians except the murderer, who lay dead-drunk in his tent. They attached a rope to his neck, arld dragging him pa'st the scene of his crime, took him over the river and hung him at the fort.In Mrs. Jessup's account of this affair, published in the Pittsburgh Quarterly Magazine several years ago, entirely different statements are given..The above is correct as stated by William Jones, who was fifteen years old at the time, and who witnessed the murder while Mrs. Jessup was then scarcely a year old, and coilld have known nothin- about it except from the statements of others. Her account was also very improbable, of six men being stabbed, one by one, by a single Indian, without any alarm being given. William Jones is said to have been a wild and reckless character at the time of Ilis settlement in Franklin. As he was fifteen yea rs old at the tirne of bis father's death, and died in 1836, at the age of seventy-five, it would appear that the events described above occurred in 1776 Jones was a soldier in the Revolution, and participated in Wayne's expedition. Among other early settlers in Franklin were, David Duff, whose land was purchased in 1805, and who settled in 1812; John Fowler, who came in 1808; and Thomas McClelland, in 1811. - Duff was the first Justice of the Peace, and was appointed in the spring of 1825. He also built the first mill in the township. It was erected in 1813. The first church in the township was Presbyterian, and was built about 1822. The first entry in the Session Record was made September 8 of that year. The first log school-house was built in 1817. A post-office named Blair was started in the township a few years ago, but it was subsequently discontinued. There are no villages. In regard to the origin of the early settlers, Duff was of Irish descent, and was born in Westmoreland County in:1789. William Jones was of Welsh and German descent. Fowler, the first settler in the northeast part of the township, was Irish, as was also Thomas McClelland. There were also several Germans living in the township in 1812, and before. Franklin Township was formed from a part of Ohio Township in 1823. The name is from the illustrious patriot and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin. MARSHALL TOWNSHIP. Marshall Township was formed from a part of Franklin Township in 1863, and until 1823 it was a part of Ohio Township. The name was from T. M. Marshall, the attorney who conducted the moveinent to divide Franklin Township for the petitioners. It is impossible to state with certainty the earliest settler in Marshall. John Curry was probably the first. His settlement dates back to 1805, and possibly much earlier. At about the same time John Campton locatedonl a tract of land adjoining and lying partly in Butler County. A part of the tract is now owned by William Lonsdale. John Vandevort was also early in the township, on land in the northwest part now owned by David and Henry Robin son. Samuel Neely and Joseph Stinson, from Ireland, were also early resi-. dents,' as was one Gruey, who settled on the place now owned by Dr. Davis. We cannot learn that this settlement occurred before 1822. That part of the county was not populated until late, and we have it from reliable authority that in.1830 one could stand on the highest hill in the vicinity, and not more than two or three sm-all cleariings could be seen. In 1811, John Fowler moved to Marshall Township. He was an enterprising man, and many of the first improvements were made by him. He settled on the land that Curry had cleared. The first tavern was kept by bim, in 1811, and he was also the first Justice of the Peace. The first log scbool-house' was on laind of Dr. Davis. It was of moderin date compared with others in the County. The first church was Methodist, and was built nlear the Butler County line inll 1853. Th e first preacher was Rev. Joshua Monroe. The first store was started about 1,839, by John Coulter. It stood near the present site of Warner's tavern. The only post-office in the township is niear the northern part, Oll the plank road. Thomas Robinson wa-s tlae first Postmaster, and still fiolds the o'ffice. The Indian trail from Pittsburgh to Lake Erie formerly -passed through Marshall Township, northwest and southeast. It entered Butler County on one side of tbe township, and Franklin Township on the other. It was well trodden, and still abounds in arrow-heads and flint chips. There aire four scliool-houses and two churebes in Marshall: the Methodist, already menltioned, and a Presbyterian church, near land of J. Wright. The mineral wealth of the township is small compared with other sections of the County. A~ section nlear the Butler line is the most level of aniy land inl the County. COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 166 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY part of his body, he observed an Indian in the act of taking aim at him over a clnpof buSshes. He was standing onl tip-toe, to obtain a, fair view, but Richey was too quick for him, and, before the savage could fire, he planted a bullet between his eyes. He then took his gun and tomahawk, and bid them in a hollow. tree, and went on. Years afterwards he returned to the place, and found the -un where he had left it, and the barrel is still in the possession of one of the family. Mrs. Richey is still living in Sewickley Borough, and is upwards of ninety years of age. James Duff and his two sons settled in the township quite early, on a tract which had been patented by one Joseph Dean, in 1786. The Duffs were the first,settlers upon it. They crossed thle Ohio in 1799, and first bought land in Kilbuck Township. The first night after crossirig they lodged under a large log on the bank of the river, but on the next night more comfortable quarters were obtained with William Dixon, who was a previous settler in that township. James-Duff settled on the present Campbell tract, near the centre of the township. An old hewn-log house, built by him in 1812, is still standing there. The Duff settlement in Ohio Township was miade in about 1805. About the same time, James Moore and seven sons settled in the township. The Moores were of Welsh and Scotch origin, and emigrated from Northumberland County. They took up a vast tract of land. The first log school-bouse in the township stood on land now o'wned by Archie Kennedy, in the western part of the township. It was built in 1806. The first church was a log one, of the Methodist denomination, and, it stood on the spot niow occupied by the frame building. It was erected,previouis to 1834. There are now two churches in the township, Methodist, and the United Presbyterian, one built in 1840. In 1825, James Duff built a saw-mill on Kilbuck Run, and in 1837 a grist-mill near it. These were the first mills in the township. There are no post-offices nor villages. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. About the year 1800, William Jones and his brother-in-law, a German by the nanme of Holeman, settled in that part of Ohio Township which has since been included in Franklin, and were the first white men who lived within its limits. Jones was a son of Benjamin Jones, one of the first settlers on the north of the Allegheny, and a brother of Mrs. Jessup. His father IwaIs murdered oin the pres-,ent sit e of Allegbeny City, years before. It nmay not be out of place to give an account of that evenit here, as no correct one has ever before been published. -Benjamin Jones bad taken up land on the north side of the river, and was building ahuse for his family. Several of his neighbors from the other side of the river bad been invited to the raising, and an officer and one or two soldiers from the garrison were present. It would seemn from. the sequel that all were unarmed. As they were so near Fort Pitt, no danger w as apprehended. There were a number of Indians encamped farther up the Allegheny, near Herr's Island. A fter the men had worked and drank for some time, and were " getting fou and unco happy,". one of these Indians came aimong them and begged for some liquor. Jones gave him a dram, but the Indian was not satisfied, and asked for more, when a man named Huff was offended at his pertinacity, and advised the others to turnl him out, as he was doing no good and was in the way. As no one noticed his advice, and the Indian continued begging, Huff knocked him down and kicked bimn. Jones pulled him away and told him to stop, aind the Indian arose and left. The settlers finiished the raising, and were sitting on a log near the house, singing atnd tellin stories when they noticed two Indians coming towards them. One was the on e who had been kinocked down by Huff. The other stepped up to the lieutenaiit of the garrison and, holding out his armns, said, 1 You wrestle me?" The officer replied, " No, I don't want to bother with you." ", yes, you wrestle me" said the Indian. the whites urged him, too,1 yelling, "Take hold of him; you can throw the damned Indian."' At length he was persuaded, and was stretching- out his arms towards his antagonist, when the other Indian, who was standing near, drew a long knife from under his blanket and plunged it into the officer's body He reeled agaiiist a post -near by, and exclaimaing, " He has killed me!" fell. The Indian immediately jumped into the crowd, and stabbed right and left. It is stated that six men were wounded, and four mortally. Amon, these was Benjamin Jones. The Indians then ran. Late in the evening an Indian boy, who had often hunted and fished with William Jones, knocked at the door of the cabin in which the Jones family had been living, and told him that the Inldians were about to leave, and that the one who had stabbed the men was drunk in his tent. This was made known to the settlers on the other side of the river. A party from the garrison went to the camp and found everything as the boy had said. The camp was deserted by all of the InJAM I\d: A S SI-tAB P. ISAB ETIA LT JLT S=I-A_ ZtPlT THERE is a peculiar felicity in preparing a record of the life and services of a truly public mind to habits of sobriety as well as industry; believing that intemperance, with noble and good man; and while the necessary brevity of such a record in a work of its consequent indolence, was the greatest bane with which society could be afflicted, this kind may compel us to omniit many incidents that would be of genuine interest and that there could be no solid prosperity, no peace, where this evil existed. These to those who knew and loved the subject of these memoirs well, yet we shall en- views he often expressed to his neighbors. But few men were more highly esteemed deavor to condense the data at our command in such manner as to detract as little as than Mr. Sharp, or possessed public confidence to a greater extent than did he. Unpossible from the general interest surrounding the character of one so extensively ostentatious and simple in his everyday life, he was a fitting example to men of and favorably known as was James Sharp. In the language of one who knew him wealth as well as to those in humble circumstances. Perhaps we can close this brief intimately, "c It will be expected by the church he so long and zealously cherished, narrative of the most salient events in the life of Mr. Sharp in no fitter way than by and by all the children of the place whom he loved, and for whose good he labored quoting the subjoined from the pen of a dear and intimate friend, one who knew him indefatigably; and by those of other churches, and by those outside of the churches." long and thoroughly, and who ever cherished his memory as one of the most sacred James Sharp was born near Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, Feb- recollections of friendship's days. ruary 10, 1784. He removed to Pittsburgh in 1797, and remained there until 1826, "In many respects MV[r. Sharp was no ordinary man. His zeal for the good of when he permanently settled on what is now the borough of Sharpsburg (named humanity was no ordinary zeal. It was no evanescent thing, but untiring and lifeafter him), where he had previously purchased an extensive property. The place long. There were no misgivings as to whether his word could be trusted; his integthen consisted of but two or three log cabins, and much of the subsequent develop- rity and honesty were living principles of his life and intercourse with his fellowment and prosperity of the town has been due to his enterprise, energy, and liberal- man. He was of a most cheerful and social disposition, which, however, never deity. The construction of the old Pennsylvania Canal, which was completed in 1829, generated into lightness or levity. It appeared as natural for him as it was easy to had a considerable influence on the growth of the town, and gave an impetus to Mr. be instructive in conversation. And few were so habitually polite and gentlemanly Sharp's exertions also. In early life he married Sarah, daughter of Mr. Moses Thomp- in the Scriptural sense of these terms. Kind words and kind actions flowed from a son, of Pittsburgh. She lived but a few years, and his second marriage was to Miiss kind heart. He was zealous of good works, and he symlathized with the poor and Isabella Stockman, who survived him some years, and of whom we shall have occa- afflicted; and he often unobserved, and for many years, feelingly handed those' swift sion to write farther on in this sketch. This marriage was blessed with six children, messengers of light and love,' the tract or Child's Paper or American Messenger, to of whom but one daughter survives. The sons possessed many of the sterling quali- those he casually met. His disposition was amiable and charitable, which never ties of their father, while the daughters assimilated closely in the amiable virtues of allowed him to speak unkindly of the absent, and which, when any did so in his prestheir mother. ence, led him to extenuate or present something favorable. No one ever more fully In character, MIr. Sharp was "'a plain, unassuming man," of a very genial disposi- carried out the Gospel principle,' Do unto others as you would they should do to you.' tion, and no feature in his composition was more conspicuous than his habitual cheer- He was childlike in malice and guile; he was Christlike in the forgiveness of injufulness. His intercourse with others was marked by the greatest magnanimity, and ries. How meek and humble all can testify. Nor was he ashamed to advocate a while he loved freedom for himself, he cordially conceded the same to others. This I good though persecuted cause. Temperance and the education of the young were cast of mind led him at an early day to espouse the cause of the slave, and his love his favorite themes. And a lovely and sad testimony of his lively interest in the of justice made him an earnest vindicator of equal rights. Long before it became welfare of the young was seen in the multitude of such who paid the last tribute of a political measure, and when it was a reproach to be one, he was an abolitionist, love as his remains were borne to the silent grave. For more than a quarter of a not violent by any means, but conservative. The cause of education had in him a century he took a deep and unremitting interest in the prosperity of the schools and zealous advocate, and his belief was that it should be universal; that the poor and churches where he lived, not simply in his munificent contributions, but also in many orphaned should enjoy equal opportunities for the acquisition of knowledge with the other ways. In the infancy of the church at Sharpsburg-the day of its struggle children of the rich and affluent. He kept in advance of the period in all efforts at for life--he met the skeptically inclined on their own ground, and argued'Even if reform, and devoted much of his time to the advancement of the cause of temper- there were no future state, you ought to sustain the Gospel for the many blessings it ance, and it is saying no more than is due to him, that lie spent more time and means confers in this life.' And though he never iri a formal manner connected himself than any other private individual in promoting the success of the measure. with the church, yet his interest in it never waned." The Church was long the recipient of his munificence, nor was his benevolence Mr. Sharp lived nearly a decade past the allotted "' threescore years and ten," and restricted to any particular sect or denomination. But his greatest liberality was died full of.years and good deeds on the 12th of MIarch, 1861. bestowed upon the Presbyterian, of which he was a constant attendant, and the or- MRs. ISABELLA L. SHARP, the worthy wife and widow of the gentleman whose ganization, growth, and early prosperity of which, at Sharpsburg, was in a great life we have humbly endeavored to sketch, was born September 2, 1797. She was measure owing to his exertions. wedded to Mr. Sharp September 13, 1822, and admirably sustained the hallowed Mr. Sharp was essentially a gentleman of the old school: courteous in manners, relations of wife and mother for nearly forty years. She survived her husband for affable in disposition, and generous in hospitality, he was a man whom to know was nigh twelve years, having departed this life on the twentieth of August, 1873, in the to esteem. Ever indulgent to those who were under obligations to him; faithful and seventy-fifth year of her age. She wias an earnest, energetic woman, and a tenderprudent in all trusts confided to his care; in commercial intercourse always just; hearted, fithful mother; of very decided character, who heeded well the mandate the soul of honor,--a man in whom integrity might see reflected her own image, that "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." In caring well undimmed by the breath of calumny, untainted by the base slanders of the age. His for her own hotisehold, she used hospitality without grudging, and her house was at moral character was above reproach. all times the favorite resort for numerous friends and acquaintances, by whom her During his life he always manifested a thoughtful anxiety for the general good of great kindness will be cordially remembered and cherished. She could always find the borough that bears his nanme, and contributed liberally to its improvements. Nor time to visit and minister to the necessities of the sick and afflicted, of whatever creed was he concerned in the material interests of the town alone. He was equally desi- or condition; and our Lord puts this strikingly when he says, "' Inasmuch as ye did rous to promote the moral and religious welfare of its society, especially in the direc- it to the least of these my brethren, ye did it unto me." " Where there's a will tion of temperance. He, at his own expense, circulated temperance periodicals and there's a way" has seldom been better illustrated. She was sometimes abroad, not documents, erected, and at times-in the absence of a proper proprietor-conducted indeed, at festivals, but at prayer-meetings; not at fashionable but religious assema temperance house of entertainment, and did all he possibly could to educate the blies. She was for many years an active working member of the Presbyterian Church.MAJOR A. M. BROWN, lawyer, was born in Middlesex, Butler County, Pennsylvania. His father, Joseph Brown, farmer, born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in 1800, is a descendant of a Revolutionary soldier, -who participated actively in the struggle for American independence; his mother, Mary Marshall, born in the County of Derry, Ireland, came with her. father's family to Pennsylvania, in. her girlhood, and is distinguished for her cultured intellectual power anii her womanly graces. She is a descendant of the renowned Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, whose posterity forms one of the most valuable and admirable elements of our preseiit population. Major Brown was primarily destined by his parents to pursue a mercantile life, and when quite young became the recipient of a thorough business training, which has subsequently been of great value to hillm as a lawvyer practicing in a great commercial centre. Later, he abandoned commercial pursuits and, in accordance with his earliest and ardent desires, entered upon the study of the law. Having diligently and profitably studid the legal science and practice under the able guidance of Hon. Thomas Marshall, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he was, in 1863, admitted to the bar, and immediately entered into partnership with his learned and able preceptor, and the law firm of Marshall Brown soon attained high rank in the profession; the members, individually, also became prominent leaders in local and State politics; not, however, as holders or seekers of office and emolument, but as public-spirited and loyal citizens, for neither of them have either h.eld or sought public offices. FlRroni the date of his admission to the bar until the present time, Mr. Brown has actively pursued the practice of his profession, for many years associated in partnership with Mr. Marshall, and since 1865, individually and for himself, alone. At this time, July, 1876, he is widely recognized as an eminent, influential, and upiight lawyer, distinguished for his scholarly attainments, ability, and success. The records and reports of the courts, both State and National, well indicate the extent and importance of his professional business, and the energy and ability requisite for its accomplishment. Among the many reported cases wherein he has been eminently successful, we cite the following: Boyd vs. Negley, 40 Pa. State Reports, p. 877, which determines novel and important questions under the Pennsylvania Lateral Railroad Law. The Johnston Will Case, reported as Dean vs. Negley, in the 41st of Pennsylvania State Reports, p. 312. Boyd vs. Negley, 53 Pa. State Reports, p. 387; Location of Railroad. Porter Will Case, 53 Pa. Reports, p. 292; Charitable Use, Act of April 26, 1855. Pennsylvania. Railroad Company vs. The German Lutheran Congregation, 53 Pa. State Reports, 445; Appropriation of Property for Railroad purposes. McGinnis vs. The Commnonwealth, Traverse of Inquisition of Habitual Drunkenness, 74 Pa. State Reports, 245. Stewart vs. The Railroad Companies, 72 Pa. State Reports, 291. Cheney vs. Duncan Prather, in United States Circuit Court in Pennsylvania and Illinois. The case involved the title to the " Holmden Farm," situate in Venango County, Pennsylvania, including Pit Hole City, and a large tract of the most valuable oil-producing territory in the State, valuLed at niore than three millions of dollars. The litigation resulted in the coiiiplete success of Major Brown's clients. Barr's Case, in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, at October term, 1875, first determined in this State the effect of the National Bankrupt Act upon the Pennsylvania statiite relating to insolverlt debtors. Jones vs. Dilworth, 63 Pa. State Reports, 447; Execution without scire facias in a juldgment entered by warrant of attorney for a penalty in a bond, with condition for indemnity. Robinson, Hill Company vs. Tyson, 46 Pa. State Reports, 286; a leading case on the relative rights and duties of venders annd vendees of merchandise. Wier's Appeal, 74 Pa. St. Reps., 230; Injunction-nuisance; an important case wherein Major Brown, solicitor for appellant, obtained a final decree reversing the decision of the lower court, upon a novel and leacing question affteting public and private rights. Wilson vs. City of Allegheny, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1875; the first authoritative decision in the United States upon the important question raised in this case, relating to mtinicipal assessments for improving highways. Com. vs. Max Schamberg; Libel; right of citizen, under constitution of Pennsylvania, to freely publish matter relating to the official conduct of men in public capacity, or other matter proper for public investigation or information; tried, FlSebrualry, 1875, before Hon. F. H. Collier and a jury, in the Quarter Sessions of Allegheny County. Com. vs. McCarthy, Mayor of Pittsburgh, Supreme Court, 1875. B. F. Kennedy, Prothonotary of Allegheny County, vs. The Commonwealth, Court, quo wLa.rranto; a supreme contest between the County and State in relation to the tax on legal process. Com. vs. Kilgore, Treasurer of Allegheny County, qzto warranto; Election and title to the office uncder the new Constitution, wherein the opinion of Major Brown was sustaiiled by judicial decision, and the opinions of two Attorneys-General of the State reversed. Moorhead, Marshall et al. vs. The City of Allegheny; Ejectment for " Killinck" or " Smoky Island." A very important and interesting case. Although Major Brown never sought or held aily political position of profit, tbe characteristics which have secured him success in his profession, aiid his oratorial powers, have conduced to render him popular and powerful as a political mover. Few men have contributed so materially to the success of the Republican party; yet at all times he has promptly and fearlessly opposed political jobbery and partisan triclcery and fraud. As an energetic meember of the Republican National Convention at Baltimore, in June, 1864, and at Chicago, in 1868, he acquired a national reputation. During the war to repress the rebellion, his best energies were contributed to maintain the integrity of the Union. Although often urged by the people and the press to become a candidate for Congress, for judicial and various other responsible positions, he has invariably and resolutely declined to accept the proffered hbonors. In seeking a candidate for Mayor of the consolidated city of Pittsburgh, under the new charter in 1874, the people and the newspapers presented, with rare unanimity, his nanme for that office. The Pittsburgh Dispatch advocated his election in an able and lengthy editorial, from which we extract the following:' We are well convinced that niiiety-nine out of every hundred tax-payers will, at the mention of his nai-e, feel satisfied that if the whole directory were searched over and careftilly pondered, a fitter nonzination could not be made.'' Speakin- further of the new charter, and of the increased importance, power, and dignity attached to the office of Mayor, the same well-known journal says, " It will be seen at a glance that the place, under these conditions, cannot be properly filled save by a person fairly conversant with city affairs, possessed of good judgrient, firm will, ancl, chiefest of all, unbending honesty. It is no fulsome laudation, but a simple statement of fact, to assert that these attributes, one and all, are possessed by A. M. Brown. Certainly the most active member of the bar to day, intimately acquaiilted -with the past history and present status of Pittsbulgh, of unyielcling fidelity to the fLulfillment of any duty reposed in him, he would not be merely a Mayor enjoying public confidence in his personal worth, but one capable of using at all times intelligently and for the best interests of the city the large authorityT reposed in his office." The Chronicle (Independent) also promptly and cordially indorsed the nomination. as did also the Leader, the Gazette, the Telegraph, and the Post, the News Item, and other newspapers, all of which spoke in highly complimentary terms of him, aiid earnestly advocated his nomination and election. He has been offered the pOSitiOli of President Judge of the District Court by a large majority of the bar, and twice declined to enter upon the onerous duties of the office. He is distinguished for his liberality and benevolence, has ever been energetic and efficient uponi all occasions of public and private emergency, and deservedly enjoys the respect ancl confidence of all bho know him. Notwithstanding his close application to his professional duties, he is actively associated with business enterprises, being President of thie Anchor Savings Bank, a Director in the Odd Fellows' Savings Bank and of the Cash Insurance Company, and President of the Tradesmen's Industrial Institute. Upon the organization of the Pittsburgh Law Association in 1869, he was chosen President thereof, and subsequently re-elected. Major Brown married Lucetta Turney, the youngest daughter of the late Adam Turney, Esq., of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and granddaughter of tlae celebrated Rev. John William Weber the first reformed minister who crossed the Allegheny Mountains. Father Weber came to Pittsburgh, then a straggling village, in 1792, and organized the First German United Evangelical Reformed Congregation, corner of Smithfield Street and Sixth Avenue, the same year. An interesting account of his life and services can be found in the second volume of Harbaugh's" Fathers of the Reformed Church.'was made ulader the followint, circumstances A deputy sheriff had been sent to his place with a warrant for his arrest for some petty misdemeanor. Seeing the officer approaching oii horseback, and divininlg the object of his visit, Williby took his departure across a iieighboring field, and the sheriff, fastenlin- his horse to the fence, started in pursuit on foot. The worthy landlord led him a circuitous chase, and coming back to the tavern several rods ahead, took possession of the sheriff's horse and left for parts unknown. A number of the early settlers of McCandless were Germans, and the first church was built by them, and styled the " German Church of St. John." It was a log structure, and stood near the site of the present Lutheran church. The Lutheran building was erected in 1860. The deed of the property on which it stands was made out September 5, 1832, to trustees of the German church, but in that document reference is made to a former deed drawn in 1795, by which the land was set apart for religious purposes. The petition for incorporation was dated May 30, 1829, but a log building must have stood there longf before, and. from statements of Henry Good and other old resideints, we conclude there was a building there in 1816. This building was located near land now.owned by the widow King. There is but one other church in the township, and that is Lutheran. About 1802 an Irishman, Cornelius Mccauley, started a school in a log house on land then supposed to belong to Adam Birchfield, in the southwest part of the township, and was there a " brisk wielder of the birch and rule" for several winters. After he had taught for some time, he discovered that Birchfield's title was defective, and that in the settlement of the tract the requirements. of the law had not been complied with. He immediately movecl his family to the tract, and threw aside the spelling-book ancl rod. for the plow and grubbing-axe; and he held the land, notwithstanding a suit brought against him by Birchfield. The -only Indian outrage in the township, of which there is any. remembrance, was the murder of a man by the name of Carson in 1796 or 1797. He was not a resident, but was traveling, and had hobbled his horses and turned them loose at night. The next morning he went out to hunt for them, and. was never again seen alive. It is supposed that he was killed on the land now owned by Henry Good. Years afterwards James Williby found a skeleton that was thought to have been his and buried it..-.. An Indian road, known as the Kushkushkee Trail, formerly. extended through, the township on its way from Fort Pitt to the Indian village of Kushkushkee on the Mahoning River. Within the memory of settlers now living.on this route, it was worn down four or five inches below the surrounding so'il, in parts, of..it. The township bas no post-office.:-. The coal is, for the most part, far below.the surface, and consequently has not been worked to any extent. Iron ore has been found... The onlys industry is farming. MIuch of the scenery alon- Pine Creek, in McCandless, is as wild and beautiful as in any part of the County. ROSS TOWNSHIP was one of the original townships into which the land north of the Allegheny and Ohio was divided, after the act of 1 792, offering it to actual settlers. Since its erection it has been much.diminished in territory by the.formation of new townships. It was namred from Judge James Ross. Casper Reel came to Allegheny County about I783,,and in 1794 he crossed the Allegheny River and took up land in Ross Township. In that year be built a cabin on the present site of Perrysville. In the spring of 1795 he brought his family to the township, and remained there until the time of his death.,He was the first permanent settler within the present limuits of Ross Township, and. probably th'e first white man who ever built a cabin there. He was a German, and a Revolutionary soldier, had served under General Washington, and was at the battle of Brandywine land many other eingauenients. He was a prominent citizen in the early history of Allegheny County, and was the first Collector, north of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers, the territory over wbich he had charge extending north to Lake Erie. The above facts were obtai'ned frol-l bis son, Casper Reel, Jr., who wvas the first, white child born withinl the present bounds of Ross Townlship. Ile is. still living ulpon a part of the tract settled by his father, and was borsn in 1798. The o].d lo,. cabin in which hle fir'st saw light was standing fifteen years ago. Reel had not been Ion, in the township before other settlers followed. In the fall of 1795 Barnabas Hilands came, from the otlier side of the river, and settled on the tract now occupied by David Hilands, and adjoining the Morrow tract., He built a cabin, and died the same year from. disease contracted by., ex167 HISTORY OF'ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVAN1IA. PINE TOWNSHIP is one of the few townships in Allegheny County which was never a township in any otlier county. The name was conferred from the creek which flows through it, and which was at one time densely wooded with pine. The name was formerly applied to a vast territory, which bas now dwindled, by the successive removal of parts of it, to a tract scarcely four miles square. It was one of the original townships in the tract set apart by the Legislature in 1783 for the redemption of depreciated certificates, and was organized a township in the summer of 1796. Within its present bounds some of the first settlers were Thomas Rodgers, William Langhead, John Anderson, Thomas Mallison, John Logan, George Wallace, Samuel Beatty, John McCord, John Fowler, and Francis Deery. Of these Rodgers was the first, about 1796, although Logan was in the township very nearly as soon, and probably in the samne year. George Wallace came in 1798, and settled on land now owned by Jotham Wallace, in the northern part of the. township. Rodgers located isome two miles and a half south of him; he was a Scotchman. Thomas Mallison w'as from New England, and was one of the few of the earlier settlers in the, County who were of English origin. Indeed, it is safe to state that Allegheny County was settled by Irish, Scotch,.and Germans. There was scarcely an Englishman among them. William Langhead was an Irishman, and settled in 1798. Beatty and McCord were both Irish. Beatty was in the township before 1800, and McCord came in 1801. Another Irishman, Francis Deery, settled in 1799 on land now owned by George Wallace, the oldest person now living in the township. Deery was a school-teacher, and the first for miles around. He commenced his school in his own house in the winter of 1800, and continued to tea~ch during the three winter months for many years. Mr. Wallace, who is now over ninety years of age, affirms that he went to school to him, and that " he was a splendid teacher." As early as 1800 John Fowler was a Justice of the Peace within the present limits of Pine Township. The first church was built in 1827, and was Presbyterian. It is near the centre of the township. There are now five churches: Presbyterian, Methodist, Catholic, and two United Presbyterian. The first pastor in the old church was Rev. John More. There is one post-office, called Wexford, on the old Franklin road. There are no manufactures in Pine, no mining, and no villages. Most of the land of the township w'as taken up by actual settlers, in accordance with the act of 1792. McCANDLESS TOWNSHIP. In 1851 Pine Township was again divided, and the southern portion inamed McCandless, from Judge McCandless, of Pittsburgh. Previous to the year 1800, James Duff, James Amberson, Philip Sarver, and Henry Moon had settled on the northern part of the land embraced in the new township. Duff's was the first permanent settlement, and dates back to 1795. His tract contained about four hundred acres. After his death it was sold by his widow for an old mare and saddle. Fifty acres of the same land was recently sold for $1 1,000. James Amberson had made some improvements on the land that Moon subsequently settled, but had not been there long enough to gain a settler's right. Moon came to the township in 1796, previous to July 20. At that time he built a cabin, and in 1797 moved his family there. Some of the old logs of this cabin are still remaining on a part of his place now owned by his son, J. M. Moon. Henry Moon came originally from Ireland. He was a soldier in the British service, and crossed the ocean in Burgoyne's command. He subsequently deserted, and served during the war in the American army. His location in McCandless was on Pine Creek. Philip Sarver's place was also on the same stream, and on its banks he erected the first saw-mill and grist-mill previous to 1800. In the southern part of the township John Deer and William Williby first located. Deer was probably the first in that vicinity. The date of his settlement is lost, but there is iio doubt that he was there soine tiime during the year 1197. He was a German, and took up the land recently owned by Jacob Deer, *deceased. Williby was on bis tract in 1798. It is now owned by the widow of the late Jonas Williby. The first tavern in tlhe township was kept by Robert Williby, abouLt two miles north of Perrysville. This Williby is said to bave been a genial and liappy soul, whlo deligbted in relating exaggerated stories for the amusement of bis customers, ~and who " gathered revelers from far and near." His exit from the townshipwere as much separated from the rest of mankind as Sir Thomas More's " Utopia," and about as practical in all their workings. Not one of the colony or of their descendants now occupies the place. It was a financial failure; the property of those who had embarked in the enterprise was sold at less than cost, anid strangers tread their halls. At present the little place is tolerably prosperous. After the breaking up of the colony much of the land was purchased by Matthew Cridge, a wealthy and enterprising Englishman, wbo headed a movement to build a railroad from Bennett's Station to the village, which its founders had named Evergreen Hamlet. Cridge also built a fine hotel there. The road was carried through, and although not a financial success, it bas prevented Evergreen from becoming a deserted vil-.la,e, and opened a convenient route to one of the mlost beauLtiful resorts in the County. In 1875, while somne workmen were excavating for laying a plank road about half a mile from Evergreen, they unearthed a mass which at the time received general attention. All of the newspapers noticed it as a wonderful curiosity, and declared that it was the petrified body of an Indian sewed up in a blanket. At length certain men, possessing, some slight acquaintance with such specimens, examined it, and pronounced it the stump of a sigillaria, a plant of the Carboniferous era. It was of nearly cylindrical form for two-thirds of its length, where it was flattened and bent at an angle of twenty degrees. Its length was about three'feet nine inches, and its diayneter nine by twelve inches in its tliickest part, and b'ore no resemblance to an Indian or any sort of animal. The bark is clearly defined, and there are mlany rows of frond scars extending alon, its whole length at reuular intervals. It is an excellent specimeii,-tbe best of the kind ever found in Ross Township,-but such petrifactions are very common in Western Pennsylvania. It weighs over four hundred pounds. We mention it not because it is anything remarkable, but because it created so much excitement at the time it was found. Still, common though it is, it deserves to be placed where it will receive more appreciation than at present, in the bar-room of a country hotel. The Indian trail from Fort Pitt to Lake Erie passed through Ross Township, and is still clearly visible in places. There are now two post-offices and four churches in the township. The churches are Hilands; German Lutheran, near Perrysville; St. Theresa's Catholic, Perrysville; and Colored Methodist, on Jack's Run, a small stream named from Andrew Jack, who kept the first ferry near its mouth. His old house wvas standing until 1873, when it was set on fire by a spark from a locomotive and burned. SHALER TOWNSHIP was formed from parts of Ross and Indiana Townships in 1847, and was named from Judge Shaler, of Pittsburgh. The earliest settler within' its present limits and for many miles around was James Sample. His tract was situated near the mouth of Girty's Run, and he located there in 1789 or 1790. Sample was of Irish descent, and was born March 25, 1756, in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The old cabin in which he was born was standing five years ago. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and served as a private under Washington. He had moved from his native place to the other side of the Allegheny previous to his settlement on Girty's Run. In 1871 his son William sold the old place for thirteen hundred dollars per acre. "Thomas Sample, son of James Sample, was born on Girty's Run, Allegheny County, on the 7th of January, 1791, and was near eighty-six years old at the time of his death. He was the second male child born north and west of the Allegheny River, the late General Robinson, of Allegheny, being the first, and born about one year before him. "The mother of Mr. Sample and all her famlily were taken prisoners by the Indians two weeks after his birth; his father, who was captain of a company of minute-men, being out on a scout at the time. The entire family was rescued from captivity the same night, through the assistance of a squaw, to whom Mr. Sample's mother had furnished clothing and otlher comforts the winter before. While the Indians were engaged in a war-dance around the scalps taken the day before, the squaw procured a light canoe, only large enough to carry one person safely, and, taking the three oldest children, ferried them across the river th rough the floating, ice, one at a time, and then gave the canoe to the mother with her two-weeks'-old babe, and she paddled to the other side and freedom. That night, the family stayed with Mr. Ewalt, who owned the farm where the garrison now stands, and next day were put in Fort Duquesne. " Mr. Saimple remained on his father's farm oii Girty's Run until twenty years of ao,e when he went to learn the tanning business with Mr. Wm. Hays, in the posure. His family, however, moved to the land in the following spring (1M9), and remained there. Later in 1796, Richard Morrow settled, as has been stated, on an adjoining tract, which now lies opposite Hilands Church and extends to Perrysville. He bought a settler's right of one Kellar, who had previously built a cabin on the place. Of this Kellar we can learn nothing except that he was there but a short time, and gave his name to a small run on the land that he occupied. To this day it is called Kellar's Run. Many others followed in the years immediately succeeding, and the country around Perrysville was rapidly settled. In 1800, Baltzer Good, an enterprising pioneer, built a log hotel north of where Perrysville now stands, and on the site of the present building, which was erected in 1 857. The sign-board to this hotel states that the old building was erected in 1797; but that is a mistake, according to Mr. Henry Good, of McCandless Township, who is the best available authority upon the subject. Mr. Good states that he was born in 1793, and that he was seven years old when his father, Baltzer Good, moved to Ross Township, and that there was no tavern there previous to that date. The settlement of Ross Township seemed to radiate from Perrysville and the immediate vicinity over the surrounding country, and in 1805 we find the Scotts, Coopers, Quails, Williams, and Masons all occupying tolerably comfortable homes in that region. The Williams mentioned above was proprietor of a tavern on the road to Perrysville, five miles from Allegheny City. The early settlers around Perrysville were principally Presbyterians, and as soon as their number was sufficient they organized a church and obtained supplies. The first preaching was in a tent on land where Hilands log meeting-house was afterwards located. The records of the organization of this church were lost several years ago, and there is no source of accurate information obtainable in regyard to it. We learned.from the minutes of the Synod that it existed in I1803; but further than this it is imp ossible to state. Rev. Robert Patterson was the first regularly installed pastor, and he preache d in the tent before the old log, church was built, and was pastor for many years. Lonog before the first church was erected there stood a little lou school-house opposite the present Morrow residence. It was built after the pattern so common at that tinie in Western Pennsylvania, and was standinog there in 1798. The first Justice of the Peace in the township was John Mason. We are informed that he was in office in 1805. The township boasted a grist-mill before 1806. It was on the land of Jacob Whitesell; was a horse-mill at first, but was afterwards worked by water-power. At present Ross has three small villa-es. Perrysville was the first. In 1S08 there was but one house in what is now the village (although there were several near it, in the country around on either side), and there were not more than three in 1815. The first store in the place, also the first in the township, was not built until years later. Its first merchant was Alexander McElwain. It is still a place of little importance but of much natural beauty. I't has two stores, two hotels, and a post-office. It is the term'inus of the Allegheny and Perrysville plank road, the finest clrive in the country. There is a: fine race-course at the old hotel, and beautiful grounds surround it. The elections for a vast reuion north of the Allegheny were formnerly held at that place, and people went there to vote fiom the land on wvhich Allegheny City is now located. The post-office at Perrysville was the first'in the townsbip, and Conrad Reel was the first Postmaster. The other villages are so small as to be hardly worthy the name. West View lies on the plank road, about five mniles from Pittsburgh. It has a post-office, two hotels, a large flouring-mill, a store, and race-course. Evergreen, near the eastern boundary of the township, is the terminus of the Lawrenceville and Evergreen narrow-gauge railway. The place was first settlecl by Timothy Davis, a Welshman, in 18()1. In 1853 a colony fi-om Pittsburgh, under a lawyer by the name of William Shinn, was attracted to the spot by its wild and beautiful scenery. Land was purchased, a village laid out, and laws established for its government, remote from the dirt and smloke of the city and the rest of the world. The company consisted of Shinn, Wade Hampton, Dr. Sellers, R. E. Sellers, William Hall, and one Gregg, a schiool-teach-er. A fine seminary and several elegant resiclences were built. The members of the or~lanizaltion were all wealtlhy, and designed that the colony shoulcl be self-sustah11in0, andl that a society sbould there be founded fromn which- evcry thiDng plebeimt shouilcl be excluded, and wbere taste and refinement shoulld reign supreme. They tbereforle became extremists in their hobby, adopted foreign airs, and attempted to ape thle English aristocracy, and HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 168ii i i i i i i i HISTORY OF AI,LEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYL,VANIA. 22 "About ten o'clock they met in council. The King spoke much the same as he had done before to the general, and offered the French speech-belt, which had before been demanded, with the marks of four towns on it;, wbich Monsieur Joncaire refused to receive, but desired him to carry it to the fort to the Commander. "7th.-Monsieur La Force, commissary of tlle French stores, and three other soldiers came over to accompany us up. We found it extremely difficult to get the Indians off to-day, as every stratagem had been used to prevent their going up with me. I had last ni,ht left John Davidson (the Indian interpreter); whom I brought with me from town, and strictly charged him not to be out of their company. as I could not get them over to my tent; for they had some business with Kustalogo, chiefly to know why he did not deliver up the French speechbelt which he had in keeping; but I was obliged to send Mr. Gist over to-day to fetch them, which he did with great persuasion. "At twelve o'clock we set out for the fort, and were prevented arriving there until the llth by excessive rains, snows, and bad traveling through many mires and swamps. These we were obliged to pass to avoid crossing the creek, which was impassable, either by fording or rafting, the water was so high and rapid. " We passed over much good land since we left Venango, and through several very extensive and rich meadows, one of which, I believe, was nearly four miles in length, and considerably wide in some places. "12th.-I prepared early to wait upon the Commander, and was received and conducted to him by the second officer in command. I acquainted him with my business, and offered him my commission and letter, both of which he requested me to keep until the arrival of Monsieur Reparti, captain at the next fort, who wvs sent for and expected every hour. "The commander is a knight of the military order of St. Louis, and named Legardeur de St. Pierre. He is an. elderly gentleman., and has mnuch the air of a soldier. He was sent over to take the command immediately upon the death of the late general, and arrived here about seven days before me. " At two o'clock the gentleman who was sent for arrived, when I offered the letter, etc., again, which they received, and adjourned into a private apartment for the captain to translate, who understood a little English. After he had done it, the commander desired I would walk in and bring in my interpreter to peruse and correct it; which I did. " 13th.-The chief officers retired to hold a council of war, which gave me an opportunity to take the dimensions of the fort, and making what observations I could. " It is situated on the south or west fork of French Creek, near the water, and is almost surrounded by the creek, and a small branch of it, which form a kind of an island. Four houses compose the sides. The bastions are made of piles driven into the ground, standing, more than twelve feet above it, and sharp at the top, with port-holes cut for cannon, and loop-holes for the small guns to fire through. There are eight six-pound pieces mounted in eachl bastion, and one piece of four pounds before the gate. In the bastions are a guard-house, chapel, doctor's lodging,, and the commander's private store, round which are laid platforms for the cannon and men to stand on. There are several barracks without the fort, for the soldiers' dwellings, covered, some with bark and some with boards, made chiefly of logs. There are also several houses, such as stables, smith's shop, etc. " I could get no certain account of the number of men here; but, according to the best judgment I could form, there are a hundred, exclusive of officers, of whom there are many. I also gave orders to the people who were with me to take an exact account of the canoes, which were hauled up to convey their forces down in the spring. This they did, and told fifty of birch bark and a hundred and seventy of pine, besides many others which were blocked out, in readiness for being made. " 14th.As the Snow increased very fast and our horses daily became weaker, I sent them off unloaded under the care of Barnaby Currin and two others to make all convenient dispatch to Venango, and there to wait our arrival, if there was a prospect of the river's freezing,; if not, then to continue down to Shanapin's Town, at the forks of the Ohio, and there to wait until we came to cross the Allegheny; intending myself to go down by water, as I had the offer of a canoe or two. " As I found many plots concerted to retard the Indians' business and prevent their returning with me, I endeavored all that lay in my power to frustrate their schemes, and hurried them on to execute their intended design. They accordingly pressed for admittance this evening, which at length was granted them privately, to the commander and one or two other officers. The Half-King told me that he offered the wampum to the commander, who evaded taking it, and made many fair promises of love and friendship; said he wanted to live in peace and trade amicably with them, as a proof of which he would send some goods imfurther about this journey, and who were to go; the result of which was, that only three of their chiefs, with one of their best hunters, should be our convoy. "The reason they gave for not sending more, after what had been proposed at council the 26th, was, that a greater number might give the French suspicions of some bad design and cause them to be treated rudely; but I rather think they could not get their hunters in. "We set out about nine o'clock with the Half-King, Jeskakake, White Thunder, and the Hunter, and traveled on the road to Venango, where we arrived the 4th of December, without anything remarkable happening, but a continued series of bad weather. " This is an old Indian town, situated at the mouth of French Creek, on the Ohio, and lies near north about sixty miles from the Loystown, but more than seventy the way we were obliged to go. " We found the French colors hoisted at a house from which they had driven, Mr. John Frazier, an English subject. I immediately repaired to it to know where the commander resided. There were three officers, one of whom, Captain Joncaire, said that he had the command of the Ohio, but there was a gereral officer at the near fort, where he advised me to apply for an answer. He invited us to sup with them, and treated us with the greatest complaisance. " The men, as they dosed themselves pretty plentifully with it, soon banished the restraint which at first appeared in their conversation, and gave a license to their tongues to reveal their sentiments more freely. "They told us that it was their absolute design to take possession of the Ohio, and by God they would do it! for that although they were sensible the English could raise two men for their one, yet they knew their motions were too slow and dilatory to prevent any undertaking of theirs. They pretend to have an undoubted right, to the river from a discovery made by one La Salle sixty years ago; and the rise of this expedition is to prevent our settling on it, or the waters of it, as they heard of some families moving out in order thereto. From the best intelligence I could get, there have been fifteen hundred men on this side Ontario Lake. " But, upon the death of the general, all were recalled but about six or seven hundred, who were left to garrison four forts, one hundred and fifty or thereabout in each. "The first of them is on French Creek, near a small lake, about sixty miles from Venango, near northwest; the next lies on Lake Erie, where the greater part of their stores are kept, about fifteen miles from the other: from this it is one hundred and twenty miles to the carrying place at the falls of Lake Erie, where there is a small fort, at which they should lodge their goods in bringing them from Montreal, the place from whence all their stores are brought. Their next fort lies about twenty miles from this, on Ontario Lake. Between this fort and Montreal there are three others, the first, of which is nearly opposite to the English Fort Oswego, From the fort on Lake Erie to Montreal is about six hundred miles, which, they say, requires no more (if good weather) than four weeks' voyage, if they go in barks or large vessels,so that they may cross the lake; but if they come in canoes, it will require five or six weeks, for they are obliged to keep under the shore. " December.5th.-Rained excessively all day, which prevented our traveling. Captain Joncaire sent for the Half-King, as he had but just heard that he came with me. He affected to be much concerned that I did not make free to bring him before. I excused it in the best manner of which I was capable, and told him I did not think their company was agreeable, as I had heard him say a good deal in dispraise of Indians in general; but another motive prevented me from bringing, them into his company. I knew that he was an interpreter, and a person of great influence among the Indians, and had lately used all possible means to draw them over to his interest; therefore I was desirous of giving him no opportunity that could be avoided. "When they came in there was great pleasure expressed at seeing, them. He wondered how they could come so near without coming to visit him; made several trifling, presents, and applied liquor so fast that they were soon rendered incapable of the business they came about, notwithstanding the caution which was given. " 6th. The Half-King came to my tent quite sober, and insisted very much that I should hear what he had to say to the French. I fain would have prevented him from speaking, anything until he came to the Commandant, but could not prevail. He told me that at this place a council fire was kindled, where all their business with these people was to be transacted, and that the management of the Indian affairs was left solely to Monsieur Joncaire. As I was desirous of knowing the issue of this, I agreed to stay, but sent our horses a little way up French Creek to raft over and encamp; which I knew would make it near night. * From this it would seem that the Allegheny was known as the Ohio.ts bank w'th party o Indian, and that the name was given. fronm that circm stance, but it is bardly probable. iNeither is there any evidence that he ever lived there, and we are inclined to think that, like some other points in the County, the name was given mnerely for want of a better one. HAMPTON TOWNSHIP. Hampton, like McCandless, Pine, and Richland, is nearly regular in its outline. It was formed from parts of McCandless, West Deer, and Indiana Townships in 1861, and was namied from Judge Hampton, still livinu in Wilkins Township. The first settler within its present bounids was John McCaslin.* He hunted for some tilme'in the vicinity before taking up any land, and the date wheii he first set foot in the township is unknown. Those who came, in' 1794 and subsequently found himn there before them; and it is not improbable that he may have roamed those wilds in 1792. He waVs a rIoving character, possessed great powers of endurance, and -hunted to the last. Aft'er the country became settled. around him he used to make Ion o journeys beynth linmitso'fthe County and of white men, and pass weeks with no companion but his gun. He was- of Scotch origin. His land was taken up in 1794, and somie of -his descendants are. still living, in the township. Later in the same year (1794)- John Walter settled on a tract of land, a -part of wbich is still owned by David Walter, his son. Amlong othler early settlers may be mentioned Philip Mowry, Jacob Buckhart, and Alexander McDonald. Most of these neighbors lived at distainces of more- than a mile fro-ni each otlher, but they were rneigh1bor s still. In tha't early day the kindest and most genial sympatby is said to have existed among these isolated families. One common foe demanded their attention, and prevented all private feuds and animosities. When a deer was shot by any one of them, every family within a circuit of five miles or more had a share. They had grubbing frolics to dig up the small sap lings and prepare the land for cultivation; all joined in helping one another, and the laind was tilled in common. The first grist-mill was built in the southwestern part of the township, by Philip Mowry. It stood there- in 180S. Mowry also owned the first store, which was located near the mill. The first post-office was situated at Talley Cavey, and it is still the oilly one in Hampton. It is in the northern part, in the only village in the township. Talley Cavey is a pla.ce of iio importance. The name is of Irish derivation, and was given from a small place in Ireland, from which one of the old inhabitants of Hampton emligrated. The first schiool-house was built about 1800, on land of John Walker. It wals a log building of the type so common in Western Pennsylvania at that time, whicli w ere coinstructed as f'ollows. They were about twenty-five feet square, of round 100gs, and; chinked with blocks and mud. The chimney was about ten feet square, and was built of stone from the ground to the ceiling. From the ceiling upwards it was of sticks laid in cob-house fashion, and- chinked like the building. Each buildint, had Ithree Windows, formed by cutting out a log to near-the corners oni each of the three sides. GUreased paper was used instead of glass. Newspapers were conmmonly used, pasted to slats at regular intervals, but in aristocratic neigliborhoods foolscap was substituted instead. The fire-place would take in logs eight feet long. -- The seats were of rough slabs, pierced with pi'ns tbree feet in length, so that the legs of the little boys and girls vibrated- during the weary hours like pendulums. The teacher's salary seldonm exceeded fifteen dollars per month, and was oftei less t.han twelve. to be- able to rIead,'write, and teach the rudinients of aritlhtnetic was al:l that was' thought necessary to make a pedagoo,ue, while a kniowledge of ",the rule of three" was considered the grand desideratum of human wisdom. School was kep.t but three months in the year. Such were some of the advantages which the yoiuth of Hanipton Township and of the whole County then enjoyed for obtaining an education.-'''' The first teacher in Hampton was Cornelius McCauly, Jr., a son of the first teacher in McCandless Township. The first church was situated w'here the United Presbyterian building now stands, and was built in 1808. It was known as the Pine Creek (Covenanter) little town of Allegheny, now Allegheny City,-which then consisted of only a fe houes,the principal part of what is now Allegheny City being dense woods and swamp' General Dick of Crawford County was at that tinme an apprentice to the hatters' trade in the same place, and the two were I chums.' "During his apprenticeship Mr. Sample went to Erie with the army, as a soldier; but his'boss' furnished a substitute, procured his release, and set him to buying hides. "After returning he located in Allegheny Town, and started a tannery on bis.,own account. He was married in 1816 to Margarett Anne, a daughter of Alexander Logan, of Logan's Ferry. He continued his business in Allegheny till the spring of 1843, during which time he held the office of Burgess of the borough for some time, and was elected the second Mayor of the city, General Robinson having been the first. "1 In 1843 he removed to Lawrence (then Beaver) County, and purchased the farm where he resided until the time of his deatb. "Mr. Sample was well known and highly esteemned for many good qualities. He was always, even till prostrated by paralysis, the life of ally company he was in, and delighted in: entertaining his friends with stories of the early days, to which all were delighted to listen. He hacl a perfect mine of information on various subjects connected with.the early history of the country stored in his memory, from which he could draw for the information. of others, and it was -always well. spiced with wit and -humor, which made him the centre of attraction in any company. Many rich anecdotes might be told connected with his history, but we have, not space for them. - "He always took a deep interest in. everything connected with the prosperity,of agricultural pursuits, and organized the first Agricultural Society of Lawrence County, and we believe was its first president. II His golden wedding was celebrated sorne ten years since, an account of wbich -was p-Liblished in the Courant at the time. His aged partner, only tliree years Ihis junior, and four sons and three dauglhters, survive him. "Seven years ago last June he went to Pittsburgh, and a few days after bis return was stricken with paralysis, from which he never recovered."* A family named Dick settled on the run since named from them Dick's Run. They came shortly after Sample. Sample had a hired man by the name of Chapman. One evening this man went to stay over night with a relative, who was living with Esley Powers, within the present limi-ts of Sharpsburg. Ile left the next day, and on bis way back stopped at Dick's place, where he was invited to -eat breakfast with the family. He wa-s in the act of sitting down to the table when be was shot. A band of savages rushed into the bouse, scalped him,,secured the Dicks, and immediately left with them. The next day Powers passed Dick's house, and noticed that there was no one near, ancl that the door was,standing open. A day later be pass ed again, and seeing the door still open, and no person about the premises, he suspected that sometbiiog'was wrong, and entering,,found Chapman murdered and lying, on the floor. The settlers for miles.around were roused, and a company started in pursuit. The Indians were tracked into Ohio, but, having two days the start of their, pursuers, they escaped -with their -prisoners. The fate of tlhe Dick family was unknown for two years, when they returned to the township. Their captors had first taken them to their tribe in Ohio, a'nd thence to Detroit, which was then in possession of the British. There they reniained until exchanged. From the fact that the British were in Detroit when -the -family were taken, we conclude that they were captured shortly after the comnmencement of the last war with Great Britain. James Sample was the first Justice of the.Peace in the township. He also built' the fir'st m'ill. In was'located on Girty's Run in 1794, and was rebuilt in 1797. It was probably the first one on the north side of the Allegheny. The first white child borin within the limits of the township was Thomas Sample, noticed above. There were no churches in the township until a comparatively recent period. The first was the German Presbyterian, at Bowerstown, a sniall villaue on the Lawrenceville and Evergreen Railway. The first school-house was near the place where the Dick family were captured, and not far from the run. It was a small log house, and was staiidin, there as early as 1 801. The first tavern, constructed of logs, kept by, George Brickle, was built about the year 1800. There are no villages of much importance. Bowerstown was named. from Jacob Bower, a German, who settled there about the year 1845. ~There is also quite a tlhickly-settled neighborbood near Shaw's Mills, on Pine Creek. The coal-mines at that point, formerly supplied the iron-mills of Etna. Pine Creek and Girty's Run both cross the township. The latter was named -from the notorious Simon Girty. The old inhabitants say he once encamped on 169 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. We have seen a, deed for lancl now ownecd by William Williams, which, in rehearsing the title, states that John Dickey and James Armstrong obtainedl a patent for the tract'tly 6;,:L786, as te)ianlts in coin?iio02n aild that in 1791 Dickey sold his undivided half to Armstrong. This do cument is in the possession of David Williams, of Hampton. Alle refer to it merely (IS a, curiosity, for it is vrery improbable that there wvere any settlers anywhere in that region b.etween 1786::and ].79, and there is no doubt a imistake in the cleed. " New Castle Courant, 1876.170 Church. Rev. Matthew Williams was ordained its first pastor, in 1807. The church was organized by Rev. John Black, in ISOO. There are five church buildings now in the township-one Catholic, two Presbyterian, one United Presbyterian, and one Covenanter. There are no extensive coal-works in the township. Iron ore has been found, but no particular attention has been given to mining it. RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. The territory -included in Richland was among the last that was settled in the County. This is a reniarkable fact, as it contains some of the best farms north of the Allegheny and Ohio. A large part of it was putrchased by Eastern parties, previous to the act: of 1792, offering tlhe " depreciated lands" to actual settlers. These Eastern capitalists purchased it in large tracts, not for homes, but because it was cheap, and they k-new- that it would never be cheaper. There was a strip, which is now in the western part of the township, that was not disposed of in this manner, and on this tract John Crawford located, and was the first permanent settler within the present limits of Richland. The tract upon which be settled waSs at that time a part of Pine Township. There is some uncertai.nty in regard to the date at wliich he located tlhere. The survey is dated in IS13, aind at that time he. had been a resident for five years, and probably much longer,. as somue other circumstances indicate that he was in the township, as early as 1802. -Aside from this, there were no settlers previous to 1820; and the men now livinlg in the townsh ip, who are called "old residenters", concur in the statement thaat it was a wilderiness fifty years ago. About that time, and shortly after, John Dickey, John Ewalt, William Waddle, Isaac Grubbs, and sevreral otbers moved in, and the land was rapidly settled. Mr. Dickey is still one of the leading men in the township, and resides on the old tract which he settled. William Waddle kept a tavern for several years on the Butler plank road, and is still livinig in Richland. Grubbs settled near the Crawford tract, and died there. The first church in the township was Methodist, built at Bakerstown in, 1838. The first and only post-office was also located in that place. Bakerstown derived its name from the orig,inal founder. It has never been a place of much importtance. It has two stores, two taverns, and several small private residences. There are no manufactories in the place. It is the only village in the township. Years ago, previous to the, war of the Rebellion and the emancipation of the slaves, Bakerstown was one of the stations of an abolition league, organized to assist runaway slaves on their way to the British Provinces. The route taken has been styled the " Underground Railroad." The existence of this organization was well known to the negroes, and there. is no doubt that hundreds of them were escorted over the road on their way to Canada. The route conimonly pursued through Allegheny County commenced at the mouth of Jack's Run, on the Ohio, and followed it to near its head, where it struck the head-waters of Girty's Run, which it followed to its mouth, near Bennett's Station, from which it took the course of the Evergreen plank road to Bakerstown. Froni the're the negroes were conducted on to Lake Erie, and thence to Canada. The object in taking this course was to avoid the cities along the rivers. The fugitives were taken from Bennett's Station to Bakerstown in covered wagons by night, and were t'here secreted during the day. Mr. Thomas McElroy, now agen-t at Bennett's Station, was their conducting agent to Bakerstown, where Mrs. Mary Williams and a man named Jones were two of the leaders of the organization. One Gilland, who lived north, of Bakerstown, was also in the habit of rendering them assistance. Richland was formed from parts of Pine and West Deer in 1862. The inhabitants of the r~emaining portions of the two, townships opposed the measure so succeeded in obtaining a special act from the Legislature, to the effect that an election of the legal voters of the propoSsed township sbould take place at Bakerstown, and that such election should decide the matter. The vote was unanimous in favor of division. Charles Gibson, of Pine Township, and John Dickey, of West Deer, were the leading spirits in accompDlishing this result, which was desired for greater Uaccommodation in regard to the public schools. Thomas Gibson, the father of Charles, resided in the western part of Pine Township, and therefore opposed the division. While discussing the subject one day with his son, he accused him of attempting the ruiin of both Pine and West Deer, by taking all the rich men and rich land from each. "Thank you for the name," replied his son, Richland the new township shall be called and Richland it was called. The industry of the township is wholly agricultural, as the coal is foir the most part far below the surface, and it. is too remote from railroads and other means of transportation'-to render manufacturing of' any'lkind profitable. WEST DEER TOWNSHIP. Deer Township was erected in 1796, from Gapin's and Moore's surveyors' districts, aind conmprised the eastern part of Richland, West Deer, the greater part of East Deer, part of I-lanpton, and the wlhole of Fawn and Harrison Town'ships. West Deer was erected in. 1836, from the western part of Deer, as it then existed. Its territory has since been much diminished by the erection of Hampton and Richland. The first settler in West Deer was Benjamin Paul. He niade a clearing, built a log shanty, and planted apple-trees on'land afterw'ards settled by James Hazlett and now owned by John Hazlett. Several of his old apple-trees still remain. He was probably there in 1796. He never owned thae land on wliich he sqLuatted, and be lef't the country quite early'with bis famlily. He was a native of Pennsylvania. The Thomases, Thompsons, Porters, Watts, Hazletts, Jacks, Carnahans, and McConnells were among the earliest settlers wvho came after Paul. Robert Porter was in the township in 1800. He settled on a tract of two bundred acres, -now own ed by Daniel Simons and otbers, on th-e Kittanning road. William Thompson came about the samie tinme. Elias Thomas was then li'vinog near where Gray's Mill now stands, and liad been some tinme a resident of the townsbip on Porter's arrival. James Hazlett was a-n Irishman, and gsettled in 1799 or 1800. William McClelland was of the same race, and located quite early onl land now owned by Joseph Morrison. Andrew Jack -settled on'la'nd now owned by Hugh McCutchen, and John Carnahan on the tract now -owne'd by his son John, on the Kittanning road.'' The first blacksmith in the township, and for rniles around, was Robert Glasgow. The first sebool-houlse was oln land now owned by John Hazlett, and was standing there as early as 1800. Thomas McConnell kept a tavern very early, on the Harmersville road. It stood on land naow owned by Samuel Herron, near Deer Creek', and was the first in the township. The first church was Presbyterian, and was on Bull Creek. It was'a little log building, and stood there as early as 1806. Rev. Abraham Boyd was the first pastor. There are four churches now ill the township. The United Presbyterian building is near the land of Joseph Morrison, and was built in 1850. Bull Creek church has been rebuilt. There is one post-office in West Deer, called Rural Ridge. The first post-office was established at William Porter's house, on the old Kittanning road. William Porter was first Postmaster. A post-office was established at Culmersville about 1858, but was subsequently discontinued. The Rural Ridge office caught fire August 23,:1874, and everytbing in it was destroyed. The usual quiet of West Deer was interrupted by an alleged murder, wbich occurred near Culmersville several years ago. Previous to the late war there was a tavern kept at that place by William Lackey. There was a little house near it, occupied by a mnan named Fox. His step-father, Jobn Fox, lived near Culmersville, and one day he called upon the young man, after having imbibed quite freely at the tavern. Some difficulty arose, when the old man struck his stepson a violent blow. The young man was taken sick immediately afterwards, and died, and his physician stated that his death resulted from the effects of the blow. From this circumstance Culmersville was dubbed Brimstone Corners, a name which still clings to it. It is merely a cross-roads. There are no villages in the township. The township has six school-houses. There is an oil station of the Columbia Conduit Company on Bull Creek, near Fawn Township. For years West Deer has been noted for its quiet, and lack of excitement of all kinds. INDIANA TOWNSHIP was one of the first divisions of the northern part of Pitt Township, after. the Xerection of the County. Since then its territory lhas been greatly diminished, a part having been taken in 1836 to form part of East Deer, and O'Hara and Harmer having been erected froin parts of it in ISM5 Jacob Huddle and Henry Strohm came from Germany, and settled in Indiana Township at avery early day. Tliey were brothers-in-law, and settled on adjo'ining tracts. They purchased laiid of Benjamin Herr. Strohm's deed bears date August 21, 1805, but there is no doubt that bo-th hle and Huddle were in the township, long before, for George Huddle, a son of Jacob, is now seventy-three years old, and was born in Indiana Township, as was Peter Strohm,,who was several years bis senior. There is no doubt that Strohm and Huddle were in the township in 1798, and that they were the first settlers within its present limits.The first sebool-house in the township was on Squaw Run. It stood there.in 1806. It was a lot, house, ancl James Wiley was the first teacher. The first church was on the Kittanning road, on a branch of Pine Creek. It was Presbyterian, and was organized in 1818. The first post-office was located at Fairview. James Halstead was the first Postmaster. Fairview and Hoboken are the only villages. The Pennsylvania (West Division) Railroad passes through the township. The County Workhouse* is located at Claremont Station, as is also the Allegheny City Poor-House. Both are large and imposing buildings. At Montrose Station the Columbia Conduit Company has a vast amount of oil stored, aDd thlere is an oil refinery at Fairview just below. Guyasutha Station was so called from the Indian chief of that name, who, according to common belief, was buried about two miles from the mouth of Squaw Run, where a number of Indian graves are still visible. HARMER TOWNSHIP. LDon, before there were any cabins in the vicinity of Harmersville, an Irishman by the name of Daniel Sweeney settled on Barton's Island. e lived there a short time with his flamily, and was then driven off by the Indians. During his residence on the island he was on several occasions obliged to remove his family from his house, and sleep between the rows of corn, for fear of the attacks of the savages. Upon leaving the island he sought the i-naiiiland north of the Allegheny, and built a small shanty on the tract afterwards owned by the Davis brothers and subsequently by the Dennys. But it seems that he never obtained any title for the land; and still later, in. about 1806, we find him in Indiana Township, where he remained until the time of his death. He was the -first settler in Harmer Township. It is impossible to obtain the exact' date of his settlement upon the North- bank of the river, but it is certain that he was alllon-, the very first anywhere on that side. He came to the islaind about 1794. There is -a ti-adition amon, bis deseeiidants that bis faniily was in some way connected by marriage with the Indians, and that he owed his life, on several occasions, to that fact; but exactly what the connection was they are unable to say. Joseph and James Davis became proprietors of a large part of the township at the time that its original settler left, or shortly before. Their lanid extended from Harmersville to the presenit line of Oliver Henderson's land, and back a niile or more from the river. Joseph Davis built a liewn log bouse near the present residence of Mrs. Denny, near Denny Station; and froin the same raft of logs John Randolph built a house of the same description near Harmersville. These were the first houses of any importance in the towinsliip. Sweeney's were mere shanties. Randolph's house is still stanlding. The first house in the village of Harmersville was built by an Irishman named Hummel. It stood at the mouth of Deer Creek, and was torn down thirty years or mnore ago. The first preachin-, in the township was in a barn of hewn logs, wbich stood on the Denny tract, a little above the old lock. house, between the railroad and the river. Rev. James Boyd was the first preacher. There are some of the timbers of the old barn in a barn of James Patterson, who lives on the Denny property as a tenant. That property was purebased from the Davises by Ebenezer Denny, and was afterwards owned by his son, the late Harmer Denny. Harmer Denny was a iiiani wbo stood hig,h in public life, and was at one time a member of Congress. Harmersville and Harmer Township were named in honor of him. The township was erected in 1875. The first church in thle township was a sm all building erected by the Presbyterians on the Denny property. It wals built between 1815 and 1818. Rev. Abrham Boyd was the first pastor, in 1817.t It was of the rudest type, with puncheon floor and clapboard roof. The first school-house stood near the old Presbyterian church. John Speer kept the first tavern. It was of hewn logs, and was started ill the sprint, of 1832. It was merely a horse-and-whisky-station for the canal wliich formerly passed from Pittsburgh through Harmersville. It ceased operations in 1866, and in September of the same year the railroad was laid tbrou-^h the place.:-See dlescription in Chapter XVII. of this work. t An old note-book of Rev. A. Boyd states that he commenced his second year there the last Sabbath of July, 1818. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY Peter Strohm mentioned above, was the oldest son of Jacob Strohm, and was the first white child born in Indiana Township. He diecl while a mere boy. The descendants of Strohm and Huddle still live upon the old tracts. Jacob Bare and Daniel Sweeny were also early settlers, aild Peter Weaver was the first in the vicinity of Dorseyville. Dorseyville was named from a subsequent, land-owner, by the name of Dorsey It is a village of small imnportance, and is the only'one in the township. It has a post-office and two stores, and there is a tavern on eitlher side of it. The first school-house in tlhe township was built in 1817, on the farm now owned by John Strohm. It was a log buildiing. A mlan by the name of Kinkeade was the first teacher. There was no mill in Indiana Township for some tii-ne after its settlement, anld the settlers were obliged to go to East Liberty to get their grain ground. The earliest tavern was kept by David Stewart, on land now owned by Mrs. McPherson. The first church in the township was of the United Brethren denomination. It was situated on Blue Run and was built in 184S. The towinship lias two churches at present. O'HARA TOWNSHIP. In 1875 Indiana Township was divided by decree of court, and two additional towniships formed from it. One of-these took the nlame of O'Hara, from James O'Hara, of Pittsburgh. The, first settler, within that territory was James Powers, who pur-chased near Powers's Run, onl the hills, back of where the railroacl station now stands. From his descendants and others we, learnl that he came originally fiolln the banks of the Potomac, but from wbat State there is a diversity of statemeiits. Previous to settlino, on Powers's Run he had lived on Herr's Island, but was driven off by the Indians. There were no settlers for miles around when he first went to the tract on which his descendants now live. For some time he occupied a deserted wigwam, and the present occupants of the lanld still point out tlie spot on wlhiich it stood. He WaS unidoubtedly there a lont, timne previous to the purebase of the tract' by bimself anld bis brother Thomas. The original deed states that the place was sold, May 27, 1796, to James and Thomas Powers. It was a part of a tract appropriated for the redemption of depreciated certificates, by act of March 12, 1783, anid the pateint for it was taken out by one Joseph Mercier, June 12, 17S9. But nleither Mercier nor any of the subsequent owners ever occupied it until Powers made Ihis settlement. Years afterwards, tlhe celebrated Massy Harbison came to the townsliip, and occupied a place adjoining Powers. Mrs. Jessup, the first white child born on the north side of the Allegheny, was also a resident of what is now O'Hara Township, and died near Fairview several years ago. It is a sinaular circumstance, that James Powers insisted to the time of his death that he rowed Mrs. Harbison across the Allegheny, after her escape from the Indians, while Mrs. Harbison was just as unwavering, in her statements to the contrary. It is natural to suppose that Mrs. Harbison ought to know, but it is just as true that in regard to her adventures she was absolutely unscrupulous in her statements, even allowing the publication, in her own pamphlet, of such palpable falseboods as the one that one hundred and fifty thorns were extracted from her feet. Felix Netley, of Tarentum, was cited as a witness, and he denied the possibility of the truth of her statement. From this, and many similarly hyperbolical assertions in her story, we conclude that Powers may have had the honor that he claimed. A settlement was formed quite early in the northwest part of the territory 110W included. in O'Hara. The first to locate there was William Preston, a native of Scotland. His settlement was made about 1798. Strohm and Huddle had previously settled in Indiana Township, but there were no inhabitants any nearer in the wilderness north of him. The history of his family is full of martial interest. William Preston, Jr., served in the war of 1812. John Preston, his son, was a lieutenant in the Mexican war, and was killed at Monterey. James, another son of William Preston, Jr., was in the Confederate service during the late war, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Shiloh, and two of his sons were officers in the same service, and were captured at Fort Donelson. Nathan, another son of William Preston, Jr., was a lieutenant in the Federal army, and died during the war. And Joseph, another son, was a soldier in the First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, as shown in the military record in another part of this volume. 171 COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.COUIJNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1 -i 2 Squire Brewster was the first magistrate in the township. He lived O Barton's Island, and was a Justice of the Peace in 1818. The first mill was built by Joseph and Janmes Davis on Deer Creek, aicl was rebuilt by Harmer Denny It was in operation in 1S17. The oiily post-office ill the township is at Harmersville, which is the only village. There were some Indian or pre-historic reinaiins in tlie townsbip several years a,o, but they have been in a great measure des'trovedl. There was a mound of considerable extent on the Denny land, near the river, and some stone graves farther up the river, on the Henderson tract. Harmersville,is a small village. It has one church,-United Presbyterian store and a hotel. Brunot's and Barton's Islands form parts of Harmer Township. EAST DEER TOWNSHIP. East Deer was forrmed froim parts of Indiana and Deer in 1836. Since then it h-as been m-Lih dimiinished by the erectioii of Fawn in 1857, and Springdale in 1875. The first settler ill East Deer was Ezekiel Day. From statements made by Ezekiel Miller, Jr., of Millerstown;'we conclude that Day had built a cabin aild made some imlprovements in 1793, and that he must bave conie to the townlship in 1792 or before. He was subsequently driven to the river by the Indians, and in all probability did niot return to his place until after 1 7 96. Rev. Abraham Boyd settled on a tract purchased of Day before l1804. The land is now owned by his son. Mr. Boyd lived tliere, for many years, and wvas pastor of several churchies in the vicinity. Ile has left very initeresting niemoranda of the marriage ceremonies performed by hiin during his lonog resideiice in Allegheny County, and date of each; also of other important events connected with his pastorate. It is impossible to state with certainty the location of the first school-house in East Deer, as there were several at an early period, and nearly coten-iporaneous. WVe liave heard some runiors of the murder of a family in the. township by the Indians in 1M9 or 1796, but can obtain ino conclulsive proof that it is more than an ernpty traclition. Thlere are no villaffes in East Deer since its separation from Springdale. It is in the strictest sense an agricultural township. There are no churches. -Th.e inhabitants are generally prosp'erous, aiid there are some-excellent farmis. FAWN TOWNSHIPform,ecl apart of Deer, and was erected from the nortlieast part of East Deer, in 1857. East Deer, previous to this, extended fourteen imiles along the river. Ezekiel Miller caiiie to Fawn Township, where Millerstown now stancls, anld built a cabiin there, in 1794. He was a native of Curnberland County. He remained there a short timie, and was driven away by the Indians. They attacked hiin one day in the field, and he escaped them on horseback. Being a lame man, he seldom traveled over the country, or even around his own land, on foot, and on this occasion he owed his life to the fact that his horse was near him. Upon leaving that part of the country he went to a fort oil the opposite side of th-e river, known as Logan's Fort, and probably reinained somnewhere in that vicinity for imore thaln a year, for we do not hear of him again iin Fawn Township uiatil early in 1796, wvheii he was settled in Millerstown with his family.WYhen he first went to Fawn Township there was an Indian camp a quarter of a mile up Bull Creek from Millerstown. The Indians then occupied it, and used to make their excursions from there through the neighboring country. The fort to which Miller fled was at Logan's Ferry. Miller n-iade the first public improvements in the little village that bears his name, and irnmediately after his permanent settlemient he built the first saw-mill and grist-mill in the township. They were located on Bull Creek. tiany years afterwarcls h-e built a carding-mill at the sanie place. Late in 1795, or early in 1796, three spies fromn St. Clair's army, John Harbison, Daniel Howe, and Benjamin Coe, settled in Fawn. They liad thleir choice fromn a large tract of lanld, anid they chose the most hilly and worthless. in the County. They each settled four hundred acres adjoiniDg each other, and were probably the secolid residents in the township, Miller being the first. They were all American's by birth Harbison was wounded by the Indians in St. Clair's defeat, and was ordered to serve as a spy in March, 1792. His wife was the celebrated Massy Harbison, captured by the Seneca and Muncie Indians, May 22, 1792. We give a short sketch of her adventures as related by herself and her son, now living in the County. In 1792, John Harbison, his,wife, and three children, were living in one of the rude log houses of that period, near a block-house not far from Freeport, Armstrong County. On the morning of the 22d of MIay, wbile Mr. Harbison was away and his wife and the children were asleep, a party of thirty-two Indians entered the house, dragged Mrs. Harbison from her bed by the feet, and compelled her-almost naked as she was to leave tbe' place witli theim. As bler seconcl child, a little boy three years old, cried, and was unwilliDg to follow her, one of the brutes took him by the feet and claslhed h-is brains out upon -the threshold. The Inclians then scalpecl aild stabbed bimn, and left Iiim for dead; but the child was liviing wlhen Mr. Harbison refurned, later'in the day. He, however, died in a few hours. Mrs Harbison was obliged to wvitness the butchery of Iher childl and wheii the tender feelingYs of the motlher overcame ber, and nearly de-- pirived her of her reason, slhe wtsl cruelly beaten and clriven on towards Freeport. Upon reachiing the south bank of the le;, erly, her oldest chil was slightly injured by fallling frioti the horse on wliich he wais carried, as they desceended to the edge of the watei, aind as lie complained of this iDej ury and cried, a savage tomabawked himz wben tbe'y reached the island on which Freeport now stands. He also was scalped in the presence of the horrified mother. She was again severely flogged because slie fttinted at the sight, and was urgecl on. Mrs. Harbison states that sbe attemlpted to take veDgeance upon the i-LBurderer the next day, as be was stretching the scalp over a I-oop, but that slhe was cletected while' in the act of stealing his tomahawk, with which to kill him. She alWso adds9 truthfully, no doubt, that those mothers who have not seen the like do'ne to their owni children could form but a faint iclea of her feelin'gs on that occasion. On the muorninu of the third day of her captivity slhe escaped with her only remzaiiiing child, wbile her guard was asleep. It woul-d occupy more.space tlhan we can give to recount all the perils and privations that sh'e endured duriing the three days following. HEer adventures are well. known by alwohvera any of the best collectionis of the old border stories. Oii Sunclay morniDng,the six:th day after she was captured, she appeared-on the sbore near the Six-miile Islandl, and called to some men on the opposite'slhore to conie and fetch her across. Th-ere are differenit stories a's to these men, but Mrs. Harbison stated that James Crozier was the one who rowed her across. It was about tbree years after -these events that thle Harbisons settlecd in Fawn Township. The child tlhat was saved by Mrs. Harbison's heroic fortitude was afterwards a soldier in the war of 1812, and is now living in one of the Western States. At the time of the events related above, he was an, infant, aiid was carried throut,h all those perils in his mother's armns. In 1798, one of the common log- school-houses was erected at Millerstown. It was the first one-in Fawn Township. Millerstown bas a store, flouring-mill, ancl Methodist church. The latter was built in 1853, and was the first cliurch in Fawn Township. Robert Boyd, of Millerstown, was the first Justice of the Peace. Millerstown is the only village in the township. HARRISON TOWNSHIP. Thlere is no otlier towvnship in the CSounty wlhiih presents so niuch difficulty in -Jeanlin- the history from traclitioni as Harrison. For exarnple, it is statecl that ther'e was a small French trading-post there in 174, and there have been somie relies uneartlied on the present site of Natrona, which seem to corroborate the assertion; still, tbere are many other ways in which they rnay have been placed there. It is also said that a family of the naine of Derry were murdered on a tract now owned by Mrs. Breckenridge, about a mile below Natrona, but it is also stated that they were murderecl in every other township on the rit,ht bank of the Allegheny River, and wve I-ave concluded that the Derrys never were murdered at all, aind never had ail existernce except in the mythology of Allegheny County. Thle falble is tlhat they were eating, dinner whenl a party of Indians caime to the door7 and asked for soiiiethino, to eat. Their request was grantecl, and when they: had finished their mieal they iarose and buLtchered thle whole famil., A little Indian boy who lived with them, and a white boy, who were outside at play, escaped, by hiding in the bushes Statements differ in regard,HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYIJVANIA. 23:.~ nedialtely down to the LoystowTb for them. But I rather think the design of that is to brin, away all our stragglingr traders they meet with, as I privately understood they intended to carry. an officer, etc., with them. And what rather confirms this opinion, I was inquiring of the commander by what authority he had made prisoners of several of our English subjects. He told me that the country belonged to them; that no Englishman had a right to trade upon those waters; and that he had orders to make every person prisoner who attempted it on the Ohio or the waters of it. " I inquired of Captain Reparti about the boy that was carried by this place, as it was done while the command devolved on him, between the deatli of the late general and the arrival of the present. He acknowled-ed that a boy had been carried past, and that the Indians had two or three white men's scalps (I was told by some of the Indians at Venan-o eight), but pretended to have forgotten the name of the place where the boy came from, and all the particular facts, though he had questioned him for some hours, as they were carrying him past. I lilkewise inquired what they had done with John Trotter and James McClocklan, two Pennsylvania traders, whom they bad taken witlh all their goods. They told me they had been sent to Canada, but were now returned home. " This evening I received an answer to his Honor the Governor's letter from the Commandant.* " 15th. The Commandant ordered a plentiful store of liquor, provision, etc., to be put on board our canoes, and appeared to be extremely complaisant, though he was exerting every artifice which he could invent to set our Indians at variance with us, to prevent their goin- until after our departure: presents, rewards, and everything which could be suggested by him or his officers. I cannot say that ever in my life I suffered so niuch anxiety as I did in this affair. I- saw that every stratagem which the most fruitful brain could invent was practiced to join the Half-King. to their interest, and that leaving him there was givin, them the opportunity they aimed at. I went to the Half-Kino and pressed him in the strongest terms to go; he told me that the Commandant would not discharge him until the morning. I then went to tle Commandant and desired him to do their business, and complained of ill-treatment; for keeping them, as they were part of mny company, was detaining me. This he promised not to do, but to forward my journey as much as he could. He protested he did not keep them, but was ignorant of the cause of their stay, though I soon found it out. He had promised them a present of guns, etc., if they would wait until the morning. As I was very much pressed by the Indians to wait this day for them, I consented, on a proniise that nothin, should hinder them in the morning. " 16th.-The French were not slack in their inventions to keep the Indians this day also. But as they were obliged, according to promise, to give the present, they then endeavored to try the power of liquor, which I doubt not would have prevailed at any other time than this; but I urged and insisted with the King so closely u pon his word that he refrained, and set off with us, as he had engaged. " We had a tedioiis and very fatiguing passage down the creek. Several times we had like to have been staved against rocks, and many times were obliged all hainds to get out and remain in the water half an hour or more, getting over the shoals. At one place the ice bad lodged and made it impassable by water; we were, therefore, obliged to carry our canoe across the -neck of land, a quarter of a mile over. We did not reach Venango until the 22d, where we met with our hor~ses. " This creek is extremely crooked. I dare say the distance between the fort and Venango cannot be less than one hundred and thirty miles, to follow the meanders. " 23d.-When I got thin-s ready to set off I sent for the Half-King, to know whether he intended to go with us or by water. He told me that White Thunzder had hurt himself much, and was sick and unable to walk, therefore he was obliged to carry him down in a canoe. " As I found he intended to stay here a day or two, and knew that Monsieur Joncaire would employ every scheme to set him against the English, as he had before done, I told him I hoped he would guard against his flattery and let no fine speeches influence him in their favor. He desired I mig,ht not be concerned, for he knew the French too well for anything to engage him in their favor, and that thouoh he could not go down with us, he yet would endeavor to meet at the forks with Joseph Campbell, to deliver a speech for me to carry to his Honor the Governor. He told me he would order the Youlng Hz:ut6tei- to attend us, and get provisions, etc., if wanted. " Our horses were now so weak and feeble, and the bargage so heavy (as we were obliged to provide all the necessaries which the journey would require), that we doubted much their performing it. Therefore myself and others, except the diivers, wfho were obliged to ride, gave up our horses foi- paclik, to assist alono, with the baggage. I put myself in an Indian walking dress, and continued with them three days, until I found there was no probability of their getting home in reasonable tiiu-e. " The horses becanie less able to travel every day, the cold increased very fast, and the roads were becoming much wo;se by a deep snow, continually freezing.;, therefore, as I was uneasy to get back, to make report of my proceedings to his Honor the Governor, I determined to prosecute niy journey the nearest way thlough the woods on foot. Accordingly, I left Mr. Vanbraam in charge of our ba-gage, with money and directions to provide necessaries froiii place to place for themselves and horses, and to rnake the most convenieiit dispatch in ti~aveling. "I took my necessary papers, pulled off my clothes, and tied myself.up in a watch-coat. Then, with gun in hand and pack on my back, in which were my p lpers and provisions, I set out with. Mr. Gist, fitted in the same nianixer' on WVednesday, the 26th. The day following, just after we had passed a place called Murderingtown (where we intended to quit the path and steer across the country for Shantapin's Town-Jt), we fell in with a party of French Indians, who had-laid in wait for us. One of them fired at Ml. Gi.st or me, not fifteeii steps off, but, fortunately, missed. We took this fellow into custody, and kept hin- until about, nine o'clock at night, then let him go, and walked all the remaining part of the night without making any stop, that we nii-ht get the start so far as to be Qut of the reach of their pursuit the next day, since we were well, assured they would follow our track as soon as it was light. The next day we continued traveling until quite.dark, and got to the river about two miles above Shanapint's. We expected to have found the river frozen, but it was, not, only about fifty yards f'rom each shore. The ice, I suppose, had broken up above, for- it was driving in vast quantities. " Thelie was no way for getting over but on a raft; which we set about, with; but one pOOl hatchet, and finished just after sunsetting. This was a whole day's work. We next got it launched, then went on board of it and set off; but before we were half-way over we were jammed in the ice in such a inanner that we. expected eveiry moment our raft to sink and ourselves to perish. I put out my setting-pole to try to stop the raft, that the ice might pass by, wheni the rapidity of the stream threw it with so much violence against the pole that it jerked me out into ten-feet water; bu-t I fortunately saved myself by catchinog hold of one, of the raft logs. Notwithstanding all our efforts, we could not get to either shore, but were obliged, as we were near an island, to quit our r-aft and make to it. " The cold was so extremely severe that Mr. Gist had all his fingers and some of his toes frozen, and the water was shut up so hard that we found no: difficulty in getting off the islandt on the ice in the morning, and went to Mr. Frazier's. We met here with twenty warriors, who were going to the southward to war, but coining to a place at the head of the Great Kenawha,-where they found seven people killed and scalped (all hut one woman with very light hair), they tui-ned, about and ran back, for fear the inhabitants should rise and take them as the autliors of the murder. They report that the bodies were lying about the house, and some of them much torn and eaten by the hogs. By the niarks which were left they say they were Frencli Indians of the Ottoway nation who did it. " As we intended to take horses heri, and it required some time to find them, I went up about three miles to the mouth of the Youghiogany, to visit Queen Aliquippa,~ who had expressed great concern that we passed her in going to the fort. I made her a present of a watch-coat and a bottle of ruii, which.latter was thought much the better present of the two. " Tuesday, the lst of January,,we left Mr. Frazier's,house, and arrived at Mr. Gist's, at Monongahela, the 9d, where I bought, a horse and saddle. The 6th we mnet seventeen horses loaded with materials and stores for a fort at the fork of the Ohio, and the day after, some families going out to settle. This day we arrived at WVill's Cr-eek, aftei- as fatiguina a journey as it is possible to conceive, rendered so by excessive bad weather. From the Ist day of December to the 15th there was but one day in which it did not rain or snow incessaiitly, and throughout the whole journey we met with nothing, but one coiltinued series of cold, wet weather, which occasioned very uncomfortable lod,ings, especially afteiwe had quitted our tent, which was sotie screen from the ili,lemeey of it. " On the llth I got to Belvoir, where I stopped one day to take the necessary rest; and thena. set out and arrived in Williairisburg the 16th, when I waited on his Honor the Governor, with the letter I had brought from the French Commandant and to give an account of the success of my proceedings. " This I beg leave to do by offerinC, the foref,oing iiarrative, as it contains the most remarkable occurrences which happened in iiiy journey. - I hope what has been said will,be sufficient to iiiake your Ifonor satisfied t This name is variously spelled: Shanopin, Shanapin, Shannapin, etc. 2 According to Mr. Neville B. Craig, this was undoubtedly Wainright's Island. Q;Queen Aliquippa was- a Delaware., - - -. "' Washington used this and conmmander indiscriminately.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEN=NSYLVANIA. 13 to the number killed, some affirming that there were as many as ten, and otliers that there was but one. A maii named Russell was probably the first settler in the townshiip. He located about a mile southwest of Natrona about the year 1795. James Kane, Daniel Van Ocken, and Jacob Coon were among the old residents above Natrona. Coon was the first settler of the three, and was there as early as 1804. The first church and post-office were in Natrona. The post-office was located there about 1852. Natrona is a village situated two miles from Tarentum, on the western branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The salt and soda works of the Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company are situated there,. and the village is chiefly owned by that company. It was at first called East Tarentum, but the name was changed in 1862 to Natrona, from the Latin natrium meaning salt. There are two churches in the village -Catholic and Methodist -a school, post-office, and several stores. It is the only place of importance in Harrison Township. The township was named from the hero of Tippecanoe. SPRINGDALE TOWNSHIP. Sprint,dale was one of the two election precincts of East Deer formed in 1874, and was erected a separate township iTi 1875. The first settler was Alexander Logan, who afterwards settled permanently at Logan's Ferry We are unable to state precisely at what time he attempted to gain a foothold on the left bank of the Allegheny, but be was one of the very first. As seen in our sketch of Plum Township, he was in the Coulity before 1793. It was probably about 1795 or 1796 that he " squatted" on an acre of land whlere the village of Springdale now stands. He built a small cabin there and brougght his family to the place; but being threatened by the Indians, he wisely conicluded that " discretion was the better part of valor," and left for the opposite shore. His son James. was the first white child born in Springdale. There was an old block-house in tlhe village years ago, but nothing is left of it now. It was built by some of the settlers vho suceceeded Logan. The original purchaser of the land o n which Springdale staiads was a man named Hollingshead, of Philadelphia. The township was niamed from the first post-office, which derived its name from the fact that there were several excellen-t springs on the farm of the leading applicant for the office. This man was John Keen, who settled in the place in 1821. The post-office was named by his daughter, Sarah A. Keen. There were no very early school-houses nor churches. There are four clhurches at present withini the Iiimits of the township,Presbyterian, Lutheran, United Presbyterian, and Methodist. There are no manufactories. Springdale village has tl-ee stores aind a post-office. The Pennsvlvania Canal was built tlirough there ill 1832, aiid afterwards the Western Pennsylvania Railroad took its place The history of the village is the history of the township, sii-ice the country arouDd was not settled uintil afterwards, aind beinog occupied by a quiet agricultural population, it has had no events of mlore than commoil iiitei est for years. Springdale is the only village. In an early day, and probably before Tom's settlement, George Brickle was captured by Indians within the present bounds of the township. He was hunting for his cows at the time, on a tract afterwards owned by General Robiinson, between Spring Garden Street and the Perrysville plank road. He was carried away by his captors, but, watching his opportunity, succeeded in making his escape. There are three school-houses in the Reserve. The one on Troy Hill (District N.1,built in 1869, and the District No. 4 buildiilg, erected in 1S70, are am-on- the best country school-houses in the County. TARENTUM BOROUGH is situated on the Pennsylvania Railroad (West Division) and Allegheny River, and was incorporated March 7, 1842. The first land-owner in Tarentum was Felix Negley. He came to the place in the spring of 1796, and built a saw-mill and grist-mill in 1797 In 1821 he built a carding-mill, and commenced carding in 1824, in company with Alexander McAlister. Felix Negley, Sr., died in 1832, and his son Felix carried on his business at Tarentum, until about 1852, when he died also. Negley was of German descent. Thomas Horton built the first log house for him in Tarentum. It stood near the mouth of Bull Creek, on the right bank. Negley and Henry M. Brackenridge laid out the village. The first church was Presbyterian, and was organized in 1832. Rev. A. Boyd was the first pastor. A log school-house was built qluite early, but we are uiaable to ascertain the date. At present Tarentum has no manufactures of importance. There are five churches in the place, a large school-house, and a post-office. J. F. Metling was the -first Postmaster. The estimated value of the school property is fifteen thousand dollars. The building alone cost thirteen thousand dollars. The churches are Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, German Methodist, and German Lutheran. The number of voters in the borough is about one hundred and fifty. BELLEVUE BOROUGH was incorporated from a part of Ross Township in 1867. It lies ca short distanice backt fi-om the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, and, like ii'ost of the places in tlhe County aloilg the right bank of the Ohio, possesses U'luchl inatural beauty. The borough is,small alid the houses are scattering. There are no nianu factures nor mills of any importaince. Three churches, Methodist, Presbyterian, and United Presbyterian, a larue brick school-house, several small stores, and a post-office complete the list of the public buildings of the place. Samuel Dilworth, Erasmus Cooper, Zachariah Blackburn, and Andrew Jack, were the first settlers of the land now occupied by Bellevue. They came about the same time, between 1796 and 1804. The first clhurchi was a log oine, of the Methodist Episcopal denomination. The land on which it was built was deeded for the purpose by Blackburn, June 10, 1811. Blackburn bought his tract in 1803. There was an old log school-house on the farm of Andrew Jack. It stood there in 1816, and for years after. Jack built a mill quite early on the run named from him, but it was not lonog in operation. This Jack is the same man mentioiled in our sk-etchi of Ross Township. WEST BELLEVUE BOROUGH adjoins Bellevue oii the west, and was incorporated December 9, 1874. Like its sister borough, it lhas ilo mainuLfactories, and is merely a suburbaii home f~or wealthy men whose busine.ss is in the city. Its first church was built in I875,.and is of the Episcopalian persuasion. There is a good sel-iool-hlouse cand some of the finest residences outside of the city. Tlle orig,inal settlers of West Bellevue were William Jackman and John Taylor. Thomas Ashley, of Philadelphia, previously owned the property, and Jackman and Taylor purchased of him. The deed was dated in 1S04. The first mill was built by Jackman, on Spring Run. A man named Baldwin bought fifteen acres of land of Taylor, and built a mill on it shortly afterwards. Baldwin's mill was at Horse-Tail Ripple, on the Ohio. RESERVE TOWNSHIP. The iistory of Reserve is so closely coinnectecl wit-h that of Allegheny City that it scarcely deserves a separate division in ouLr work, as the mnore interesting portion of it lay in the tract aiiinexed to that city. Reserve was so callecl because it was a portion of a tract reserved for a city when the other laind north'of the Allegheny was sold. Reserve was separated from Ross Township in 1S35J The greater,part of the origriilal reserve territory: has iiow been i'nel-Lided in the city.;But tlhree schiool districts are now included in the township. It is thiclkly populated, and will, no doubt, all of it, becomec a part of the city in a few yea rs. The first settler -in the preseint township was probably John Tom. It is certain that he was the first of much enterprise or ii.nportailee. The date of his first settlemient is unknown. He was in the townslhip before 18Q0, and for some time was largely engaged in getting out timber and hauling it to the riv er. Ile subsequenitly lost his land, alid was incarcerated in the Pittsburgh jail for debt. Only short incidents from his history remain.One Reardon and John Campbell first squatted on the land now owned by John Wilson, Jr. John Wilson, Sr., settled o- the tract in April, 1809. George Myers settled about thle same time in the easterin part of the townsbip. Myers was deaf-. aind dumb.HISTORY OF ALLEjGHENY COUiNTYg PENNSYLVANIA. 174 The population of the borough is about three thousand five huindred, and there are twenty-two hotels. The school buildina is a three-story brick, containinog six rooms. The town hall is also) occupied for school purposes, making the total number of roomns seven. The printcipal of the schools is W. E. Paulson, Esq., and the tottal number of school childiren in the borou-,h is three huLndred and twenty-seven. The officers of the borough are: Burgess, E. E. Zeiglar; Council, Lawrence Wienschel, Joseph Erney, Robert M. Coyle, Gottlieb Wertz, Anton Lutz, William C. Smith; Clerk of Council, W. C. McNamara, Treasurer, Peter Prager; Street Commissioner, James Clark; Justices of the Peace, James O. Post, P. Keil, Jr.; Constable, H1. J. McGivern; Police, Frederick Seiferth; Board of School Directors, T. H. Gibson, A. McNamara, John C. Harper, H. F. Durham, Rev. William Collier, J. F. Schroth; Treasurer of School Board, Peter Prager. Sharpsburg has grown rapidly since the census was taken in 1870, and a census a year ago gave her a population of over three thousand three hundred, while, as mentioned in another place, her population to-day is upward of Owlre thousanld five hundred. The two boroughs of Sharpsburg aind Etna are continuous in territory, aDd may almuost be reckoned as oiie, aDd it is possible that they may, at some future day, uniite. They are connected with the Eighteenth Ward of Pittsburgh by a fine iron bridge, and a station on the Allegheny Valley Railway, on the Pittsburgh side, is called Sharpsburg. The western division of the Pennsylvania Railway passes through the boroughs, and it is only about fifteen minutes' ride to the business portion of Allegheny City. ETNA BOROUGH is an extensive manufacturinog place, joining Sharpsburg on the southwest. It was incorporated September 16, 1868, and was previously known as the village of Stewartsville, or Centreville, and formed a part of Shaler Township. The tract on which Etna and Sharpsburg stand was formerly ow ned by General Wilkins, and the first house in Etna was built by him. It was a large frame building. David Anderson bought the land of him, and sold it in lots. The first church was Methodist, built about 1836. There are now two churches in the borough, a post-office, several stores, and between two thousand five hundred and three thousand inhabitants. The Isabella Furnace Company bas a large manufactory of pig-iron, and there are several other extensive iron-mills. The sebool building of Etna is one of the best in the Couiity. MILLVALE BOROUGH was the old Allegheny Poor Farm, which was vacated for the present farm, and laid out in lots and sold. The borough was erected in 1868e The first post-office was established the year after the organization of the borough. It now has two churches, Catholic and Presbyterian, and a large brick schoolhouse. The latter cost some fifteen thousand dollars. Millvale is situated at the junction of the Lawrenceville and Evergreen and West Pennsylvania Railroads. There are extensive iron-works in the place. Bennett's Station was the name of the village previous to its incorporation, and it is still called by that name as often as by the more recent one. GLENFIELD BOROUGH. In 1875 a borough was incorporated from a part of Kilbuck Township lying on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, and was named Camden. In 1876, on application of a majority of the inhabitants, the Court changed the name to Glenfield. It is a small place, the number of voters being only one bundred and twenty-three. The first settler was probablv John Boggs. His settlement was made in about 1796. There are two churches in the borough,-German Lutheran and Methodist,a post-office, and three stores. NEVILLE TOWNSHIP. The land coimprised in this township is what was formerly known as Montour's Island, in the Ohio. Its leingth is about five miles, and its average width aqbout three-eightbs of a mile. Total area, nearly two and a half square mniles. Its SEWICKLEY BOROUGH. There are few m-ore beautiful places in the whole country than the borough of Sewickley. It is inl oine of the niost favorable situations on the Ohio, and has been settledl by wvealtby fan-iilies, who have united in m-aking it an eleg-ant suburbaln place of i-esidence. For this purpose they have strenuously opposecl all attelli'pts to introdulce manufactories in the place, and liave even refuLsecl to give their support to such necessary institutions as hotels. Consequently, although it is a place of between two and three thousand inhabitants, there is at present not a single public houLse within its limit's. It bas a larlge and eleg;ant school-house, seven chlurebes, a post-office, a good country, trade, aind many elegant residences. There is also a good public library, started in February, 1873. The first settler within the borough WclS George Ulery. He lived on the bank of the river,'Clnd bas been nientiorled on another pag,e. The boroug,h wvas inicorporated in 18-54. The fiilst preablciD -was in a log school-house in Oak Grove, ulnder the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. The first preacher was Rev. John Andrews. He coirimenced his laboi-s there in 1815. Tile old school-house is still standin-, althiough it h-as been ren-ioved from' its ori-iDlal site. The first school building in the place stood on the Aleppo farm somne sixty-one years ago. SHARPSBURG BOROUGH was incorporated in 1841. It is located about five miles from Allegheny City, on the Allegheny River. It was named from James Sharp, who mloved there in the fall of 1827, aind subsequeiitly owiied the land on wbich the borough is now built. IEt is separated by Pine Creek from the borough of Etna. The place was laid oult by James Sharp, who lhad bought the land, and by James Stewart, who was the first school-teacher in the place. The first school-house was a faiule building, built by Sharp, and was torn down during the present year (1876). The first church was Presbyterian, and was built in 1833. The town is located on the level ground stretclbing back from the Allegheny River to the bold and rocky bluffs on the north, the valley being so narrow as to necessitate the building up and down the river, iiistead of back fromi it, thus makiing the town crescent-shaped with the bend of the river, and its length rather out of proportion to its width. The situation is a fine one, however, and the great diversity of scenery renders the place attractive to the lovers of nature and her beauties. The soil is in places composed of a fine quality of brick clay, and a large number of brickyards are worked along the bank of the river. The town is built largely of brick, and lighted with gas manufactured in the place, it being first introduced about 1872. Gas m-anufactured at Sharpsburg is burned in the adjoining borough of Etna. The fire department consists of a hook-and-ladder company, which will bave, when the quiota is full, about fifty men. It is a very efficient body, anld does credit to the place. The principal mnanufactories are the rolling-mills of Lewis, Dalzell Co.; Eclipse Boiler Works of Bollman, Kilgore Co.; planing and saw-mills of Weichel Yerkins, Saint Brothers Co., Durham, Austin Co., and the saw-mills of A. Kelly Co. A more particular description will be found in the chapter on manufactures. The " Sharpsburg and Etna Savings Bank" was established in 1868, withl a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars, and the privilege of increasing to two hundred thousand. It does a general banking business3 and the officers are as follows: President, John H. Sawyer; Cashier, Peter Prager; Assistant Cashier, J. L. Loyd; Directors, John H. Sawyer, Peter Prager, Gottlieb Wertz, George H. Keyser, M.D., John Green, Lawrence Wienschel. The " Farmers' and Mechanics' Savings Bank," established in 1871, is erecting a fine brick building for its use, to cost ten thousand dollars. Capital stock, fifty thousand dollars, paid in. President, Jacob Covode; Cashiers A. W. Claney; Directors, Jacob Covode, Archibald Kelly, Thomas H. Gibson, Peter Wagner, George A. Chalfant, Benjamin Crowthers, J. C. Bryant. Stockholders represent a capital of about two million dollars. General banking business done, and notbing beyrond banking. Individual liability. Its stockholders are all real-estate owners, and the bank clears through the Pittsburgh Clearing-House. The New York corresponding office is the Ninth National Bank. The secret organizations are Zeradatha Lodge, No. 448, A. Y. M., Sharpsburg Lodge, No. 752, I. O. O. F., and Knights of Pythias. A Grand Army Post was at one time established, but has been discontinued.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 175 A Methodist church was erected about the same tilme as the Presbyterian, or perhaps a year or two later. The first school, so far as our information extends, was lield in a log seboolhouse, with a piece of a log cut out for a window, about 1820-22, opposite wbat is now Fleming Station. Amlonu the first teachers was an Irishman, named Shellcock, reputed to have been capable of conducting almost any school which required a sufficienicy of muascular developmient to keep refractory pupils in submission. The first frame sebool b'uil ding was erected in 1832-33, -near the site of the old log edifice. The island was made a townlship April 8, 1856, fromn a part of Ohio Township; it was soon after divided into two school districts, and suitable buildings put up. Regarding the first birth, death, marriage, etc., our7 information is not very clear, although it is probable the first birth was in the family of Mr. Simms. The farm now owned by Robert Phillips is the old Craig homestead, the estate being divided upon the deatb of the widow of Major Isaac Craig, about 1848. David Hamilton was among the early settlers, and his son, J. H. Hamilton, is the oldest living' resident, bavingf been'Dorn there in 1819, and has lived on the island all his life. T. P. Fleeson, a relative of the Craigs, is also an old resident. He has now in his yard a sun-dial, an old heirloom of the famnily, which bears the following inscription: "Jno. N. Craig, Pittsburg, 1815," and the mnotto, Fungor officio, splendente sole." A project to extend railway facilities to the island is now under consideration. An act was passed by Congress April 1 1, 1 87 6, " authorizing the residents and property-owners of Neville Township, County of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, to close the' channel of the Ohio River, on the south side of Neville Island, by the conlstruction of an emnbankment or causewayr from the head of said island to the southern shore of said river." For mu ch of our inform-ation touching the history of Neville Township, we are indebted to Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Fleeson and Mr. John H. Hamilton, and also to W. A. Shank, Esq., who has been a Justice of the Peace for twenty years, and a School Director on the island for twenty-one years.; general surface is level, and the highest point above the river is perbaps thirty or forty feet. The soil is fine, and well adapted to the growth of both vegetables and fruit. The island is settled by a thrifty and generally well-to-do class of farmers and gardeners, and, with its neat dwellings, fine orebards, and well-cultivated fields, gives evidence of the care and taste expeiided by its inhabitants to miake it, as it is, one of the imost picturesque spots througl;hout the entire County. The waters of the " Beautiful River" wash its sbores, an ee ie ohg st inundate its fertile fields. The view up and'down the river is truly fiiie, and the people living on the island are within easy reach of railway communication, stations being scattered along, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago road, on the northeastern bank of -the river, nearly every mile. R'egarding the early h-istory of the island, we gather the following from the second volume of Mr. Craig's "Olden Time": A field officer in the British service during the war of 1755, by the name of Douglass, became entitled, under the proclamation of the King at the peace of 1763, to five thousaild acres of land, and laid a warrant for part of it on Montour's Island, subsequently conveying his title to Charles Simms, from whom John Neville and John Harvie purchased shares. After the Revolution this Commonwealth granted, the island to General William Irvine, and Simms instituted a suit of ejectment against him which the Supreme Court of the United States decided in favor of the formner (Simms). The first minister who preached on the island was Rev. Mr. Andrews, one of the firs't ministers west of the mountains, about 1828.' The first church edifice was erected by the Presbyterians, about 1843, and the society organized under Dr. Jennings. It originated from a Sabbath-school taught by Mrs. Hamilton, a prayer-meeting conducted by William Courtney, and the'labors of S. C. Jennings, who was installed pastor in 1849. Revivals followed, and from one member they increased to sixty in 1857, when he resigned. The Rev. M. L. Wortman was a stated supply for about eight years. The first elders were Messrs. Blazier and William Dickson;' the first deacon was David Hamilton, upon whose decease James H. Hamilton was elected to the office.with my conduct; for that was my aim undertaking the journey, and chief study throughout the prosecution of it.' John Frazier, the trader located at the mouth of Turtle Creek, spoken of by Washington, must have been the first man to settle in the region. Washington. speaks of hin as having been driven from Venango by the French, and he no doubt came from there to Turtle Creek, most likely in the spring, of 1753, but quite possibly a year or two previously. It seems from the accounts that he was made a lieutenant in Captain Trent's company the next year, when the Ohio Company set about fortifying at the forks, but with the understanding, that he was to remain at his trading-house; in other words, his rank and position were merely honorary. He does not appear to have been with Ensign Ward when the latter was captured by Contrecoeur. Fazier appears occasionally on the scene up to the time of Braddock's defeat, when, no doubt, he was broken up in his trading business, and changed his location. We have not been able to learn anything of his subsequent career. Christopher Gist, the companion and guide of Washington, kept a journal, from which we make the following extract, as it throws additional light upon the character of Washington, and also narrates more particularly an incident of the journey which the latter mentions only casually: "We rose early in the morning, and set out about two o'clock, and got to the Murderingtown, on the southeast fork of Beaver Creek. Here we met an Indian whom I thought I had seen at Joncaire's, at Venango, when on our journey up to the French fort. This fellow called me by my Indian name, and pretended to be glad to see me. "I thought very ill of the fellow, but did not care to let the Major know I mistrusted him. But he soon mistrusted him as much as I did. The Indian said he could hear a gun from his cabin, and steered us more northerly. We grew uneasy, and then he said two whoops might be heard from his cabin. We went two miles farther. Then the Major said he would stay at the next water, and we desired the Indian to stop at the next water. We came to water; we came to a clear meadow. It was very light, and snow was on the ground. The Indian made a stop, and turned about. The major saw him point his gun towards us, and he fired. Said the Major,'Are you shot?''No,' said I; upon which the Indian ran forward to a big, standing, white-oak, and began loading his gun; but we were soon, with him. I would have killed him, but the Major would not suffer me. We let him charge his gun; we found he put in a ball; then we took care of him. Either the Major or I always stood by the guns. We made him make a fire for us by a little run, as if we intended to sleep there. I said to the Major,' As you will not have him killed, we must get him away, and then we must travel all night; upon which I said to the Indian,'I suppose you were lost and fired your gun?' He said he knew the way to his cabin, and it was but a little way.'Well,' said I,' do you go home, and, as we are tired, we will follow your track in the morning,; and here is a cake of bread for you, and you must give us meat for it in the morning.' He was glad to get away. I followed him, and listened until he was fairly out of the way, and then we went about half a mile, when we made a fire, set our compass, fixed our course, and traveled all night. In the morniing, we were at the head of Piny Creek." From a speech delivered by Hon. James Veech, at Mount Braddock, at a railroad celebration, July 4, 1859 (kindly loaned us by the Judge), we take a few extracts relating to Christopher Gist, one of the most noted pioneers and woodsmen,that appeared on the stage during, th e troublous times from 1750 to 1783: "He (Gist) was a native of England, and there is some evidence that he had been educated for priest's orders in the English Episcopal Church. He was certainly a woodsman of the highest order, handy and fearless, a good judge of land, a good surveyor, and well versed in Indian management and diplomacy." Speaking of the Ohio Company's route, he says, " By this route, in 1752, doubtless came Gist and the Virginia Commissioners to the Logstown Treaty; and on his return therefrom, believing that success was going to attend the Company's scheme, he selected yonder slope, southeast of the Mount Braddock Mansion, as his future residence. It was a princely site, and would be a convenient station for the Company." After the termination of Washington's unfortunate campaign of 1754, it appears that the French broke up Gist's settlement and destroyed all his improvements. No doubt the settlers fled toward the older settlements farther east. It would seem, however, that Gist was not discouraged, for we find him again at his chosen location upon the advance of Braddock's army the next year. In speaking of Washington's sickness and his journey to rejoin Braddock, Judge Veech says, " Doubtless Washington, with that convoy, encamped at Gist's on the night of July 4, 1755." On the 10th of July, the next day after the battle, the straggling remnants of that proud army, encumbered with wounded and all the debris of a defeated and terribly decimated band, bivouacked at Gist's. Probably Gist again broke up his settlement and retired from the border. The Judge closes his account of him as follows: " While the French and Indians ruled here from the repulse of Braddock until Pontiac's great conspiracy was quelled, and Bouquet had, at Bushy Run and the Muskingum, taught the savages submission-Gist was busied elsewhere. He became captain of a company of scouts on the Potomac frontier in 1756, and soon after was made Deputy Indian Agent in the Southern Department,'a service for which,' said Colonel Washington, I I know of no person so well qualified.' In that station he continued during the war. "It is believed that he returned here for a short period about 1766, but only to seat his family, and return to die in the sunny South,-but where and when are unknown.' CHAPTER V. MOVEMENTS OF THE FRENCH-ENSIGN WARD AND CAPTAIN CONTRECOEURWASHINGTON'S CAMPAIGN. " THE French fort at Venango was finished in April, 1754, and all along the line of French Creek troops were gathering, and the wilderness echoed the strange sounds of a European camp, and with these were mingled the shrieks of drunken Indians, won over from their old friendship by rum and soft words. Scouts were abroad, and little groups formed about the tents or huts of the officers to learn the movements of the British. Canoes were gathering, and cannon were painfully hauled here and there. All was movement and activity among the old forests and on hill-sides from Lake Erie to the Allegheny."* Governor Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, was energetically laboring with the Assembly to induce them to make the necessary laws and appropriations against the threatened dangers in the north and west. But the Assembly, after a session in which nothing, was accomplished, adjourned on the 10th of April until the 13 th of May. The Province of New York, though perhaps much less interested than Pennsylvania, did a little better by appropriating five thousand pounds to aid Virginia. The " Old Dominion" was, however, alive to its interests. Ten thousand pounds were voted by the Assembly for the purpose of raising volunteers. Six companies were raisd, at whose head was placed Colonel Joshua Fry, with Washington as lieutenant-colonel. Two batteries of five guns each were sent forward; stores and all kinds of military supplies were pre pared and sent on to the frontier. Thirty guns and eighty barrels of gunpowder had been forwarded from England, and these were distributed in the best manner for the interests of the service. Recruiting, was rapidly going on under the promise of liberal grants of land to volunteers, and everything indicated a warm campaign preparing for the French and tlleir dusky allies. Early in the season Captain William Trent had been pushed forward with one company to put the road in order, and, if possible, to proceed to the forks of the Ohio and construct a fortification. To this end Ensign Ward was hurried fcrward as early as January, with an advance party carrying intrenching tools and materials for the contemplated work; and we have already seen that Washington and Gist met this party on their return from the French forts on the 6th of January. The work at the forks must have been commenced during, the same month, but with only about forty men it would necessarily move slowly, so that in the month of April following, when t he French appeared before the place, it was not. yet defensible. On the 1 6th of April, 1754, while Ensign Ward and his men were busy upon their rising fortification, and already, in imagination, masters of the Ohio, they were thunderstruck by the appearance of a powerful force of French and Indians, in sixty bateaux and three hundred canoes, with a formidable train of artillery, descending the Allegheny River. Drawing up his bateaux and canoes on the beach, the French commander disembarked his men, and, forming immediately for at demonstration upon the English work, he sent an officer, under a flag of truce, with a summons for the surrender of the place. CONTRECOEUR'S SUMMONS. " By order of Monsieur Contrecoeur, captain of one of the companies of the detachment of the French marine, commander-in-chief of his Most Christian " Annals of the West. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 24uinder the application of'1 home influences,"t to whicli he was ever obedient. H[is election to the office of Mayor wass the second under a popuLlar vote, and the first instance of the selection of a candidate outside the Board of Aldermen, an evidence of the k'een appreciation by venierable imeii, such as Wm. McKnight anid Judge Porter, of his self-sacrificinig Spil'it in facing the perils of 2 iot and pestilence. HIe protested on account of his youth and in view of his professioinal success, but finally gave way, with the prospect of defeat, wbich iiot havin-, resulted, he became the " Boy Mayor." H-aving, at an ea-l;y day after induction to the mayoralty., urged the establish. ment of a niAht police (a former attenipt having:failed) and prepared an ordinance, for adoption by the city Councils, fiXiDlg its grades and numuber, with rules for its governiment? whichl was enacted into a law inl March, 1836, he, by tbrowin-, his personal action and influLence into the. organization, and coupling it with a st'ernness and mloderation suited to the circumstainces, succeeded in convincing the Saturday night 7eguilatoi-s that personlal liberty did not contelmplate the rig,ht to inaugurate the Sabbath by an appeal to the boatman's horn, the borse-fiddle, or the sentim-eintal discords of "nice young serenaders". Aft-er a deterniined struggle the ordinance proved a success: the weekly carinival was suspeinded, anld saint and sinner were each better prepared for the duties of the Daty of Rest. But few mistakes in appointmlents oli the force were made; the bad were prolnptly weeded out b;y the nlightly supervision of the Mayor, and within ninetyr days a corps, of' unexceptionable guardians of thie public peace was in full and satisfaictory operatio)n. Although the ordinance gave large powers to the Police Committee, during the tllree ternis of this magistrate they avoided all interference wit-h Ihis appoiintmLents. Organization completed under a striingeint supervision, the office duties were rendered comnparatively easy. Few arrests were niade unless for good cause, and outlawry bad its estoppel to agreat extent in the certainty of a swift retribution. The keen foresight and suave rnanners of the youthful ma-,istrate in mnaking preparation for popiular outbrealks and silencing turbulence by kind, persualsive, appeals, prevented more thain one raid on the freedom of the presis, aild on the rights of the colored population and their sometimes imlprudent friends. The qualities exhibited prior to his election to office in quellin-, the formnidalble " Vashon Riot, and exactino,, as Major of battalion, preliniinary to his rendezvous of the "Grays," "Jackson Blues," "Old Blues," and "Carroll Blues" at their respective qLuarters, an order from the Mayor for one thousaDad ball aind buck-shot cartrid,es, gave evideince of his knowled^,e that " an ounce of preve-ntion is worth a pound of cure," and signified to the civil power not to sound the signal for military interference "1until work was to be done." The demand for ammunition aiid the quartering of troops at various points, although quietly made, leakzed out, and for a week of nights tlle silencee of the streets was marked, if not oppressive. Law triumphed. This action commailded the attention of such aged city fathers as James Ross, Wm. Porter, and Wm. McKnight, and resultecl ill castinlg oil h-im the robe of those venerable and good men who had preceded him, and divorcing- him forever, in the midst of success, from a. profession promisin,z so many honlors,-honors fresh from the pestilence of ebolera, outside official duty as " Health Physician" for the city proper, cheekill;, its deadly march in the suburb of " Hayti" by persoDal visitation and direction at eve'ry house, aild the establishment of a dispensary in its midst. The battle bere was to save, i'lot to destroy,-tbe courage, fortified by assurance of its beneficent purpose, leadingf its impersonlation iiito the posts of dainger, unlike the leader of armnies, who takes position outside the range of the eneniy's guns. H;is "laurels," however, are not the less green because they are bloodless; yet tbey have no historic vTalue. HON. JONAS R. McCLINTOCK. The subject of this sketch was of Celtic aiid Teutonic origin, one remove from the former and the third *rom the latter, both representing the produ.ctive aDd i'v cbtestrial interests of the fittherlarid, ea r inog their thrift and enterprise at the close of the last century back to the military post at the head o'f tlle Ohio, winnin-, avnd s-Lstaining the legend " Labore et Virtute" at the plow, the work;-bench, and the hospitable fireside throughout a loiio and prosperous lifetime. The lanclinog of the father, John McClintock, at Walnut Street wharf, Philadelphia, was contemporaneous with tlhe first bours of the g'overnment under the Constitution, and found himl a boy of only seventeen suinmers, with a solitary English sbillinog in bis exchequer andl a patriotic determination in his heart not to sleep wvith a "King George" under his pillow for a single night. The ensuLing sunrise found him taking his first Anierican lesson as a " carrier," at Morris Row, still standcing on the block bounded by Ninth, Tenth, Pine, and Walnut Streets, where he, accumulated mneaDS to bear himl with the bope aDd spirit of the pioneer into the heart of Pennsylvania, and thence, after a tinie, inito the region west of the Alleghenies, where he lived to a patriarchal age, alternately a tlirifty mnechanic, host, and farmer, respected anid beloved for a true and genei-ous mianlhood, -and tlhis, too, without losiiig the warmn cliaracteristies of the Irish heart, or parting with'the richi Celtic articulation acquLired at the knee of his nlother. He indeed was an Irishman witliout clanship, and a Christian without pretension. Hon. Jonas R. McClintock was born in the old brick house still standing at the northwestu corner of Diamond and Union Streets, now occupied and known as the " Kneeland Saloon." He passed his infancy and boyhood in the property purchased by his father in 1812, on Fifth Avenue, known in later years as the " Iron City Hotel," and still bearinog in the second-story cornice midway of its present elevation the elaborate workmanship of that period. Pittsburgh's progress, however, has already wiped out the last of the olcl log enterprises that at one timne adorned the bank of the Monongahela, and vvill Isoon have swvept away these venerable brick memorials of a inore advanced architecture. After receiving a liberal education in followincg up the curriculum of the old University, under the presidency of Robert Bruce, D.D., and his learned coadjutor, John Black, D.D., m-en distinguished not only for their piety and learning, but without their peers at this da.y for the power' of im artin- lknowled-e and leading the mincls of their pupils by easy anld pleasant chaniiels throu-,h the lab irinthl of thle classics and the rug=,ed paths of the exact scierices, he was thence transferred to the tutelage of Dr. Shipley R. Holmes, but recently deceased, oile of the most celebrated physicians and surgeons of the day, with whom he remained a student and practitioner for seven years. He graduiated at the Unliversity of Maryland in 1830, d-Lrinog its palm'y days, wlhen under the charge of Professors DeButts, Potter, Devidge, and Smith, and wvith distin,uished honor, Chief-Justice Taney, Dean of the Faculty, conferrinc, thle degree. The lamented Addison, Hughey, and Roseburgh, loving their Alma Mater, did not fail to urge the Maryland school oni the notice of those seeking, solid mnedical honors, and succeecled in obtaining many followers. His advent as a practiciint, physician was contemporaneouls with the advaiice of the Asiatic cholera from Europe to our shores,-a field in wbich, on the breaking out of the pestilence, he laborecl with a perseverance and inclustry commandin^, 5during the perils, public adimiration. As will be seen h-ereafter, he was DzOt perniittecl to followv his apparent professional deSstiny, baavin- been s-uddenly launched onl the turbicl waters of civil official life; before wbich time, however, he bad beeii appointecl-by the War Department Assistant Surgeon in the arniy, and ordlered to Fort Wood, wbich he dlecliiied 176 I IP A) I -N OF -1 I ) -i\ - - r- _- L\I-. _- - J1 - I ) _- I -j I ) T r- - -HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 177." MONDAYr EVENING, February 26, 1838. "GENTLEMIEN OF THE SELECT AND COMMON COUNCILS: "1 I have this moment learned that thle report of the Finance COOMMittee, iD the matter of nrsy application to be released from the giew ditty imnposed by an ordinaiiee passed at your stated mleeting in January last, was unfavorable to my petit.ion. I lhad the lionor during tlhe present mionth of comlmunicatinlg with you tliro-Li,h your Presidents onle r eason. tbat, in miy view, wa,s sufficient to have relieved lue of tlle task of Tgnng henew issue of$(000, altlhougli others equallly str'oncg coulcl 1avTe been associated withi it. Respect, liowever, for your honaorable bodies caused i-ne to withhold their presentation. "1 That you may act proimptly and understandingly on tllis subject, and that you maly not lea,d the city into the expense of bavrin- 1)attes devised for affixingO tlle signatur)e of tlie, Aayor, I deemn it iuy province to notify you that duty to myself as aswol offcer,and mny reg,ard for the paramount laws of the land, which would be openly violated by affixing any official signature to the I issue' conteniplated in the ordinancee, will induce ime to refiase that office. "WAith great respect, "JONAS R. MCCLINTOCK." Dr. McClintock was elected MWayor for tliree terms, involvinu three elections, after wbichl he declined further service. The followiii- public inmprovemenets, projected durinC, bis Presidency of the Common Council, were carried towards successfuLl andl profitable completioii. Ist. A nioht police force, with an ordinance fo'r its governiment. 2d. The establishment of a joint stock company for the purpose.of li-htinu the city with gas. - d. The removal of the old water basin on Granit's Hill, and prior purchase of territory for the erection of thle now otle on Webster Street and Holmes's Hill. 4th. Tlle imuprovemeiit of the Monongahela wharves from bluff banks to their present COi11 dition. 5th. A reduction of the criminal calender compared with preceding years, and the proinpt arrest and coriviction of offenders in almlost every case, of outlawry. His success in the -overnment of Ihis native city had gone out among the people of the district and the State, aind h-e had scarcely parted with the lYnunicipal seas o ofic whn,without his knowledge or interference, the questioin was messaged from Philadelphia, tbrougli ex-Governor Findlay and Judge Dallas, " WVill you accept the duties of the chemical department of the Mint at Philadelphia, the present occupant, Franklin Peale, Esq., having beein transferi-ed to the department of coina-,e?"Before the week of delay asked for decision I-ad transpired, the mnail from Washington placed in bis hancls thle President's commission, which expedited this decision (that iilvolved in its seven years' service a final witl-idrawal from a piofession the early success in which gave so m-uch prom-ise; which fact had caused himn to hesitate), and the decisioni was Dot macle until home influences were colnsulted and satisfied. The deatli of his devoted father, John McClintock, one of tlle pioneers of thae last ceintury in tlle indcustries of the old military town, led Iiim at onice to the sicle of his bereaved Christian mother, and drew froni him an early resignation of office. We are permitted to givte the following letter of Professor Robert M. Patterson, Director of the Mint and its branches, addressed in behalf of h-is brother-officers, on the occasion of his return to bis Western lhorne, altlhouLgli acceded to with soine reluctance, in view of the meemories that crowvd the canvas after the lapse of' "thirty years,."'MINT OF THE UNITED STATES, " PIIILADELPHIA, MAY 23, 1846. "To Dr. JONAS R. MCCLINTOCK: "MY DEAR SIR,_ After having servedl this institution for several years in the responsible office of melter and refiner, you have voluntarily taken the uiiusisal step of re/signing public station and of einterinu on the puLrsuits of priva-te life. I am accordingly iloW called upon to part with youL as a fellow-officer. In cloingn s,allow me the satisfaction of statinig that durin-, your whole official period youL have performed the duties committecl to you with skill, zeal, aind accuracy. I woulcl particularly. mention the great care which you have taken to atvolid ivst(te of the precious metals in which you had to operate,-an effort in whicli you hlave lbeen sutccessful to an itnpr-ecedeitted degr-ee. The relations of frie ndly intercourse between you and all your fellow-officers have been of th-e most cordial kind, and we all feel that by your resiganation wve are parted froni a cherished friend. B3e assured that you will carry with you to the homne of your childhood the best wishes for your future prosperity." During the year followin,, his Senatorial term (1857), tlhe distractin^, subject th-at threatenecl the disruptioni of olcl party lines, that of taxation to meet mIuDicipal subscriptions to railroads, firecl the hearts of our people with a fierce resistaince. He promptly enlisted on thle side of law aild ordler, anid boldly resisted the "1 Give mie the mnan," says Bishop Hall, "who can devise how to save troops of men froom killing; his name shall have roolm' in imy calendar. There is more true honor in a civic garland for the preservin, of oie sul)ject than in. the laurels for the victory ovrer many enemies." Es-en the race so largely benefited uinder God's providence fail to put up a memorial stone, or rehearse the praises of such benef:actors as Captain Aaron Hart and Dr. Robert Wray. Mrs. Peck, kinown as " Aunt Peck," a pious, intelligent colored resident, was constituted the " dispenser" of remedies marked for different ages, for the premonitory syniptoms, and ex:ecuted ber duties with great credit (1832). Now, witlhin the courts of Heaven, sbe reaps her rewarcl for hler Christian sacrificing and noble fortitude. She stoocl amidst the carnival of death, whilst all around the wild deliriumn of fear exhibited itself, imnpassible and firim, a mial-ked impersonation of Christian and moral goodnless and courag,e. The admninistration of city affairs durinig bis three terms was distinguislied for a vigorous progress; the same popular spirit that unexpectedly lifted the young physician into place inaugurated such a mixture of youLth and raaturity into Councils represenited by' Dallas, Miltenberger, Clark, Cook, and Bakewell the younger; under the joint auspices of both establishing gas-works, a paved and well-' graded landingf on the Monongahela, frsom Ross Street to the Point, and enlarging the capacity of the water-workts, -all of -whioh- added annually large revenuies to the treasury after payinog interest on cost. In 1850 he served as a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, where, as chairman of the Committee on Domestic Manufactures, in the coinflict between labor anid capital, he made an exhaustivTe report, establishing thleir mutual dependence on each other, and preventing, the repeal of the " Ten-Hour Law," the leadinig features of which were intended to protect children under twelve years of agye fiorn bei-ng over-worked in manufactories, and to enable them to receive the beniefits of the public schools. In the fall of 1853 lie ivas elected to th-e Senate of the State, and in 1854, as chairman of the Committee on Education, reportecl the' Consolidated Bill" under which the State schools are at present conducted; wbhich was finally, after a fierce and unremitted struggle, passecl into a law, n-leetin, the approbation of such mnen as Barnard, of Connecticut, and Burrows and Potter, of Pennsylvania. The Pittsburgh High School, already having reached high position, is but an outgrowth of the " Consolidated Bill, a-nd received the bitterest opposition in early struSgles fronm some of the best, but strangely inis,u-Lided citizens, which was successffillly met, by the chairman of the commlittee baving it in charg,e, with the logic of faet S. The conflict on the floor of tlhe Senate betwveen the venerable Judge Wilkins and his youtliful colleague on the fiilal discussion of the bill to repeal the High School act, altbough suppressed by the reporters, had too malny witnesses to be soon forc,otten; both parties regretted, and finally forgettiil-, became closer frienlds, occupyinog abutting farmls up to the death of the "Sage of Homewood," in 1865. The struggle of the old United States Bank in the two or three years prior to 1836, when, by limnitatioin, its national charter expired, for continluation, carried it out of its safe inloorillCls into the deviouLs and uncertain chaiinels of commerce, where, after the veto of President Jackson, bavinu succeeded in obtainin- a State charter from Pennsylvania, notwithstancling the continued pilotage of Nicholas Biddle, it was forced to give way before the financial tornado of 1837. The State banks suspended at all points of the compass save the old (Snyder) Pittsburgh Bank, and municipal authorities everywhere were witbldrawing negotiations for sale of bonds, to go into the manufacture of shinplasters. The Mayor of Pittsburgh bacl been sent to Philadelphia to effect a negotiation with President Biddle for $60,000 in advance of the paniic, but before completing, the necessary papers, tlhe trouble havin- already reach-ed the Ohio, he was instructed to withliold action and return, as tlle Councils had authorized the issue of small notes to the amount of $100,000, the Mayor being directed Uunder the ordinance to si-,n the authorized issue in his official capacity. The boroughs north, south, and east, the greater number having Democratic burgesses, were early induced to engage the services of the "graver" and his coining press, embellished with a certificate of inldebtedlness, signed by the chief corporation officer. Mayor McClintock, who was absent on the duty referred to at thle passage of the ordinance, miade early appeal to the Finance Committee to relieve him from the imposed duty, on the ground that the Treasurer or his depuLties were tlae proper parties to execute a finiancial task; and that it would prove incompatible and impossible, in view of his judicial and police sulperzvision. The chairman insisted, and a second peremptory but respectful order passed, with which the Mayor promiptly refuised to comply, by transmitting to Counicils, then inl session, the, followin-, note: i- ee act of 1821, Purdon's Digest, inakinog it a iuisdemealior and'subject of impeachment cases of citizens or officers.of tlle coimpany showing the status of the stock owDed by the Couinty in that corporation. In reply, he received a letter fromn Treasurer Butler, of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, inclosing a very clear exbibit of the Couilty stock account, covering a period from May, 1862, to May, 1876, incelusive, sbowing to tlle credit of the County 817 shares of the capital stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and a cash credit of surplus dividends to the amount of $25,450.50. Against this amount the Pennsylvania Railroad Company bave a cbaro,e of outstanding Allegheny County railroad boDds issued for stock in the Pennsylvania Railioad Company to the amounit of $'28,500, wbich bonds the Pennsylvania Railroad Company assumed the payment of, with the regularly accruing interest thereon, under an arrangement entered into between the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the County Commissioners on the 28th day of June, 1848. A sumninary of the accoun t at that date is as follows: 570 shares original stock held for outstanding bonds, par value $50..............$28Y50O.00 247 shares of stock accruing on the above by sto)ck dividencls, pa,.r va,lue $50.................................... 1 2,350.00 Cash, being ainount of cash dividends of the company over the amount required tO pay interest of bonds..................................... OeMeO*@*................ 25,450.50 To wshich may be added the premium at which Pennsylvania Railroad stock is now selling above par, viz., $2.75 per share, on 817 shares.................. 2,246.75 -... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$68,547.25 From which must be deducted outstanding bonds.........................................e.6..........v.g@* 28,500.00 Balance nlet to the County.................................................. $40,047.25 After the "1 repudiation" excitement, which culminated in the sacrifice of the stock held by the County in all the railroads, except the Pennsylvania, which never defaulted on her interest, an arranoement was entered into by the County Commissioners and the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, allowiDng the railroad company, until further notice, to take up the bonds issuLecl for Pennsylvania Railroad stock by exchanging the County stock tberefor and canceling the boinds and returning them to the County Commissioners. This course was pursued until 1866, when it became apparent that the stock was greatly more valuable than the bonds, when Mr. Henry Lambert, then County Controller, notified the railroad company to cease making transfers of stock for bonds. The balance of the stock at that time remaining to the credit of the County was 579 shares, of the par value of $2S,500. In 1866 a statement was rendered to the County of the status of her stock account, but since that date the matter has apparently been lost siglit of, ino records of the account appearin- on the books of the County. The presentation, a short time since, of five Pennsylvania Railroad stock bonids for redemptionl at the County Controller's office, suO,gested the idea of an examination and inquiry, with the fore-,oin- result. It might be added that a final settlement of th'e Pensylvania Railroad Companiy with the County cannot be had iintil 1878,-now twvo years distant,- the period when the bonds fall du.e, wben the amnount owing the Couinty, in acldition to wbat may still accrue over the stock, vvill be tuLrined over to the Sinking Fund Commissioners. HON. MOSES HAMPTON, LL.D., lawyer, judge, etc., was born near Darling,ton, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, October 28, 18053. Hlis father, Moses Hampton, was one of the early pioneers of Western Pennsylvania, to which region he removed from the State of New Jersey, where he had resided for many years. He was of English descent, but served in the cause of freedom during the war of the Revolution. About 1812 the family removed to Trumbull County, Ohio, where tbey built a lof, cabin, cleared ground for farming purposes, and in the midst of the surroundlin-, wilderness toiled h-ard to build a home. In all these labors the son bore a willing part, adding to Ihis farm. worki the trade of blacksmithin2, wbich was his father's occupatiori. He left his ome when eventeen,andetrda utn Ohio, where, hlis -father being too poor to assist bim in gaining an education, be su-Lpported bimself by maniual labor for one year, in wbich be acquired considerable proficiency in the English branches, and had commenced the study of Greek and Latin. Leaving Burton, be visited his home, and then, journeyin-, oil foot tlhrough the trackless forest, made his way to Washington College, Pennsylvania. Here be entered upon a regular course under the instruction of Dr. Wylie. In the last year of the session of 1826 he was tendered and accepted the post of Principal of the La Fayette Academy at Uniontown, Pennsylvania. This position he creditably filled for two years, duriD-, which tiime he commeinced the study of law with Johnl M. Austin, of Uniontown. Here he was admitted to the bar in the early part of 182!9, and immediately engaged in the practice of tlhe professioD. In 1829 he rermoved to Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and became the colleague of Jeremiah S. Black and Charles Ogle. For oine yTear he beld from Governor Ritner the appointment of Prothonotary of the Court of Somerset, 178 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. march towards repudiation and the dishoinor of our people. Each of the two great parties were quick in the race to engraft repudiation on their battle-flags,both finally dish-onoring, themselves bDy its adoption in tl-ieir conventions. The followvinC, protest was prepared durinu, the recess, and presented at the re-assembling of the Democratic Convention:* ANTI-REPUDIATION! DEMOCRATIC COUNTY CONVENTION.-During, the noon adjournnment the following report was prepared, and read on the re-assen-ibling of the Conventionl: The undersigned, delegates to the Deiuocratic Countv Convention, nowv in session, respectfully, but solemnly, pi-otest against the introduction of any subject into said body, the discussion of which tends to disturb its deliberations,-especially when such subject is of (niere) local origin and interest, and wben coinplaints arising therefroni havTe t-heir remedy alone iin an appeal to the judicial tribunals of the country. Holding these views, we desire to place on the minutes of the Convention our protest to the resolutions having reference to resistance to County levies arising from] city and county subscriptions to railroad enterprises, an'd all others containinog issues not recognized as of party affinity. WVe hold that our legitimate purpose in assemlbling (in Convention), the only one specifiecl in the call for the County Convention, is to select persons to be voted for at the coming October electioni, and as a matter of usage to ratify the nominations mnade in MarGh- last for State officers, and to renew our pledges to the Coiistitution and the Union. Here we believe our duty stops: it would be unwvise and dangerous to advance a step farther. It is no apology on this occasion that we have been heretofore so unwise as to tolerate the adiiiission of irrelevant topics-that we shou-ld again involve our party, not only here, but in tlle State aind Union, in a war, of divided opinions. No action of ours can validate or invalidate our alleged unfortuinate railroad subscriptions. The past cannot be recalled; the veniture has been iiiade, and we, as law-abidino, citizens, slhould bow to Constitutional authority. The future is about being calecl for, and after the ballot of iiext October the fUandam1egitatl 7aw will be so altered and aiieeided as to prohibit reckless action hereafter ori the part of both the people aind their representatives. WVe would therefore rather call upon the masses to come forward at the appointed period anld deposit their vTotes ill favor of the Constitutional Amendments (proposed), that safety may be se-Lrcule in the fuiture, than in frothy declamation appeal to their passioils anld askS them to resist liabilities not denied to have been iincurred by their le-,ally constituted agerl'ts, and wliceh are bereafter to uindergo the arbitrament of a trlibimaat of last resort. It is tlhe anxiouis desiile of the undersigned that their Democratic frienlds outsicle this stronghold of the enemy sho)uld understand that they uttei-ly repudiate all leaninu toward repudiation, -resist its app roach as an unholy in.novation onl our political faith,-anld "1 will not liold hiin guiltless"'who thus offends the loyalty of party by castino, this brand of dissenlsion alid disorganization amongst us. WVhilst others in the march of overwrought personal feeling choose to hazard the peace of the party aind rislk p]acinog on its "1 escutcheon" a taint of dishonor, it is our province to sustain the former aiid prevenit the latter. However true it miay be that County officers have transcended their powers in the issue of railroad bonds, and however clear it miay be that officers of corporations with whiom our county and city autholrities have become entangled have proved fatlse to their trusts, we have State's Attorneys and Grand Juries to take cCOO'izance of misdemeanor in the onle aiad malfeasance and embezzleme.t, in the other. lIldeed, the memibers of this body in their capacity of citizens are at faullt, believing, as they do, that thesse officilal wroings have not been lon, since iicfuired iiito, corrected, and punished. WVhile, tlherefore, we counsel thle stirictest sci-utiny iiltO the conduct of official au,ents, we would cherish an inviolate public faith. JONAS R. MCCLINTOCK, and thirty others. The following extract fromz the l)ai7 Coe?cialt for August 4, 1876, shows coiaclusively that he was rit,ht in his opposition to irepucliation, and that tlhe bonds of the railroads are now worth a hanldsome preminiu, and conseqLuently a profitable investment.:THE COUNTY"S RAILROAD STOCK. A Settlement with the Pennsyvania Railroad Company-A Net Balance of $40,000. Last June County Controller Warner sent aa request to Thomas A. Scott, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, for a statement from the books', Floiii the Pittsburgh Post, August 26, 1857.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. rence Kingsland. At the ex:piration of two years he rqetuinredl to his foriiier eimployment on the Hudson River, ancl continuedl in that occupation for about five year,s. Retulrning to Pittsburgh in 1833, be was employed as manager by Kingsland, Lightner Co., witli wboin in 1836, he was associated ill partnership. This association dissolving in 1839, its business w0as cointinuecl by Iiini and H. L. Bollman, and, in 1864, he became the owner by purchase of its entire intei-est. He is President of the Diamond National Bank, of the Safe Deposit Company of the Birmingham and Pittsburgh Bridge Company, and of the Consolidated Gas Company, all of which positions he fills with lhonor ancl ability. (See port-rait.) CAPTAIN JOHN F. DRAVO. Captain John F. Dravo was born in Westmorelandl County, Pennsylvania, irs 1819..He received bis education at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, His first active business career commeniced in 18S40, when he embarked in the coal trade, which was then in its inlfancy. The keein judgmnent of Captain Dravo induLcedi him to venture in it, bowever, and bis enterprise and energy bave been alike rewarded by the subsequent rapid development of the calorific commodity. In those days the miode of shipment was entirely by the old-time flat-boats, coinmonly called "broadhorns" and it must be an interestinog retrospection to him- to glance into the past, and comipare it witlh the vast imnprovemeilts, both in the extraction, and transportation of coal, at preseiit in vogue. He continued in the coal buisiness for about a qLuarter of a century, when he changed the base of Iiis operationls and became the pioneer in the now very important manufaicture of coke. Tbe vast enterprise of this useful adjunct to the iron trad at Connellsville owes much of its success to the experience and ability of Captain Dravo, particularly as affectingthe operations of the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Gas-Coal and Coke Company. As stated under the head of " Manufactures" this corporation commenced making coke in IS64, but the success of the concern actuially dates firom 1868, the y7ear in wbich he became its General Manager. The recoonition of the business tact and stern integrity of Captain Dravo cannot be more fairly and impartially illustrated than by mentioning, the -various enterprises with whiclt he is honorably connected. He was one of the earliest member-Q. Of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce,ofwihbdhesnwFrtVcPresident, and also Chairman of the Committee on Transportations. Ile is a. Director of the Tradesman's National Bank and of the People's Insurance Company of Pennsylvania; a member of the National Life Insurance Company of the United States of America and President of the Pittsburgh and McKeesport Car and Locomotive Works, all of which positions he fills with credit to himself and to the general satisfaction of those likewise interested. He has always manifested a lively interest in educational matters, to which he has liberallyr contributed,, notably to " Beaver College and Musical Institute," of which he is Vice-President. He has, at various times, donated to this institution sums aggregating $15,000. The numerous positions which he occupies have never been sought by him, but have been tenclered by his business associates and friends, as a cleserved tribute to his honor and worth. Captain Dravo has always taken a commendable interest in iNational, State,7 and local politics, buLt has always cleclined to accept any -political preferment whatever. He is a pleasant and effective political speaker, and stanchly adheres to the Republican party. He was an anti-slavery advocate from the inception of that vast and important question, and is in politics, as in businesst favorable to and desirous of progress arld reform. (See portrait.) WILLIAM COLEMAN Amoii- those wvho stand pre-eminently conspicuLous in the development of the resources of Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania, none better deserve notice than William Coleman. He is a self-mnade man in the broadest sense of the term, and the fortune he has accumulated is the fruit of his own induSstry and prudence. His is a career worthy of emulation, and we therefoire present a few facts connected with his history. William Coleman was born in New York City in 1808, and is conseqLuently now in his sixty-eighth year. He moved to Pittsburgh in 1826, and was soon afterwards apprenticed to Thomas Simmons, to learn the trade of a bricklayer. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he startecl to work as a journeyllani bricklayer. He soon founc', however, that the slow accuinulations at the then rate of wages-one dollar ancl a qLuarter per day-satisfied neither his ambition nor h-is genius. He therefore began to contract fol wvork on his own account, and with suchl success that he ere long felt himself able to support a wife, aild married Miss Nancy Trowhen he resignecl. He gained much repultation in this place, aild rainkecl as one of the leading lllembers of the bar. In 1838 he remiovecl to Pittsburgh, where his practice became greatly extendced, and he engagecl with zeal in the field of politics. In the Ritner campaign of 1837 he WclS amon-g tl-ie most active and efficieint aclvocates of Whig, principles, winiiin- thereby greazt poptilarity, and aclding largely to his profession. Since the age of seventeen he has been a re-ular meiiiber of the Presbyterican Church, and is one of the seilior elders of thalt denon-iination. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as the representative of Allegheny County, and in 184S was re-elected. During his first official teriii be was a member of the Committee on Commmerce; in the seconcl session on the Committee of Ways and Means. Returning to Pittsburgh, he proposecl to clevote hiimself to his practice, but in 1853 was noiminated for, ancl elected, President Judge of the District Court of Allegheny County. Re-electecl in 1863, he servecl with clistinction until Decemaber, 1873, wben he retirecl to private life. While in Congress lie obtainecl an appropriation for the buildin^, of the Marine Hospital, on the Ohio River, below Pittsburgh, ancl allso securedl ail appropriation of seventy-five thousand clollars for the building of th-e Pittsburgh post-office t-his beiing the first moniey ever granted, up to that tim-e, for sulch purpose to any city except New York. During, his term of service as Judge he or(,anized ancld perfected the systemi of the Allegheny County Work-House, now a great benlefacltion aInd a selfsupportin-, institutioii. He was an original member of the Republican party. CURTIS G. HUSSEY. Dr. Curtis G. Hussey was born at Sandy Springs, Maryland, August 11,18S02. His parents wvere nileibers of the Society of Friends, ancl at an early age thle farnily removed to Jefferson County, Ohio, where be received a coimnioi school education, ancl afterwards studied miedicine at Mount Pleasant. At the age of twenty-three he had h-is medical knowledge aind a debt of two hundred dollars, contracted for his tuition, witli which to start in the world. Settlin-, in Morgan County, Indiana, he at once bet,an tlhe practice of his profession, and prosecuted tlhe same with such energy ancl ability that in four years be had acquired a capital of sevTeral thousands of dollars. At this date speculation was the order of the day, and Dr. Hussey. in keeping with the spirit of the times, invested his surplus capital in a country mercantile establishment, and, still continuing the active pUl'suit of his profession, extended his commercial operatioiis unatil in a few yeai-s he was the proprietor of five establishinents in as many villa-es in the vicinity of' his home. With his various otber enterprises he also engaged in the business of packing pork and general provisions for the New Orleans market, and in the spring of 1837 he visited that city, where his health, lono, impaired by overapplication, failed him, and he was prostrated for several months, recovering onlv to find the country overwhelmed by the financial panic of that year, and a portion of his own accumulations swept away. Recovering bis lhealth and returnin, to the North, in 1839 he engaoed in the pork-packing and provision business in Pittsburgh. Wlien, in 1843, the government acquired from the Chippewa Indians the title to the copper territory of Michigan, he, through ain agent, leased, as lie could lnot buy, a portion of these mineral lands. The f'ollowiing year be visited the region in person, and acquired an initerest in a valuable tract on Eagle River. Here the Pittsburgh and Boston Mining Company, of which Dr. Hussey was subseqlueiltly President, opened, in IS45, the famous Cliff Mine. In 1850, ina connection with the Hon. Thomas M. Howe, he erected the Pittsburgh SmeltingWorks, the business of which was afterwards extended to the manufacture of sheet-copper and brass, as meDtioned under the head of " Manufacturing Interests, elsewhere in this work. In 1859 he becanme the principal of the firnl of Hussey, Wells Co.. and to him personally is due. the credit of first successfully conlverting steel in the crucible. At the age of seventy-four, he is still actively engaged in giving personal attention to his very e:xtensive buLsiiness affairs. ABRAHAM GARRISON, the senior partner in the firm of A. Garrison Co., -was born in Orange County, near West Point, on the banks of the Hudson River, New York, in 1804. For many years his father had been en-aged in inavigatinC, boats on the above-mentioned river, and was widely known and respected as an honorable and able citizen. Ile wass educated in the coimmon schiools of bis native county, and was subseqluently associated with his father in the Hudson boat navi-,ation enterprise, until he had attained his majority. In 1826 he mloved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and occupied hiinself in learniinc, the foundry business with his uncle, LawHISTOPtYr OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 180 ville, who proved " an help-meet for him', inideed in secondiiig all his enterprises wi'th her couiisel and assistance whenever occasion required. Abouit this period.of his life an incident occurred which chang-ed the whole currenlt of his career, and opened the door to larger aind wider fields of usefulness than ever before-an illustration of Shakespeare's couplet, II There is'a divinity which shapes our ends,.rou01h hew them as we may."?' One evening, returning home from his work, be mnet a friend and acquaintance oil the street, seemingly downcast and depressed. In -reply to his inquiry as to what was the mnatter, the friend said that he was sorely put to for some money to extend his business and put it on a firmer basis. A frtler onfrene ws hld,and all preliminaries beinog satisfactorily settled, the firm of Jones Coleman was the result, comlposed of Isaac Jones and William Coleman, for the manufacture of carriage-springs and axles. This was the pioneer.establishment of the kind west of the Allegheny Mountains, and with it was connected the second steel-converting furnace in the West, that of the Messrs. Shoenberger ante-dating it a short time. This partnership commenced in 1845, and lasted about one year, when Mr. Jones retired, and James W. Hailman, John F. Jennings, and Samuel Hartman became associated with himn under the name and style of Coleman, Hartman Co. Upon the formation of this firm, the old factory on St. Clair (now Sixth) Street was disposed of, and a larger piece of -ground obtained in the old Fifth (now the Tenth) Ward of the city, on the banks of the Allegheny River. Upon this tract were successfuLlly erected a rolling-mill, spring and axle factory, nail-factory, aiid two steel-converting furnaces, and the name of " Duquesne Iron and Steel Works" given to it. Messrs. Jennings and -Hartman retiring, from the firm within a couple of years of its formation, Messrs. Kramer and Rahm took their places, the style of the firm remainiing unchanged. Duiring this period of his life be had full play for the distinctive characteristics which mark him as a man of extraordinary energy, endurance, foresight, and,sbrewdness. Ably seconded by his partners, tlle reputation aind fame of the con-cern was co-exteinsive with the United States, and the products of their works were founid wherever transportation for -merchandise was- practicable. Having ~organized this business, and seen it moving smoothly and safely along, he turned a portion of his atteintioin in another direction. In 1852, he purchased a large tract of coal laind at Irwin's Station, twenty miiles east of Pittsburgh, and operated miines there, supplying the first Pittsburgh coal to New York and Philadelphia, for mlaking gas. After a time, the mines were consolidated with the Westmoreland Coal Company, which added a large tract of adjacent coal, and the whole was -operated by, and uilder the name of', The Westmoreland Coal Company, and still continues'to be. Retirim, froin the firin of Coleman, Hailman Co. in 1859, be gave his attention to further developments of coal property along the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and organized and opened the mines of the Penn GasCoal Company, which has niow expanded into a very extensive organization, miining anld shippingu over one hundred cars of coal per day. These developments, and especially the earlier one, were the cause of the introduction and use of these bituminous coals, for the maniufacture of gas, in the Eastern cities, to the exclusion of the foreigln article, and is largely due to the foresight and sagacity of Mr. Coleman. In 1861, his attention was directed to the production of petroleum in Venango County, and appa;rently taking in at first sight something of the enormous proportions to which this branch of industry was bouind to grow, he organized the Columbia Oil Company, of which he was made the first president, and wlhiceh remains unrivaled as a producer of petroleum. In IS62 he again entered upon the manufacture of iron, by the purchase of the remains of a rolling-mill and steel-works, at Sharon, Pennsylvanlia, in connecItion with C. B. Wick, P. Keller, and others. Iminediately new life was infused into this slumbering and stagnant town. Through his influence and exertions, two lines of railroad were deflected to the place. The old rolling-mill was remodeled and set in operatioin, two blast-furnaces were erected and blown in, coalbanlks were opeiied and lateral railroads fi-om themi to the maiin lines were constructed, and the town seeimed as if new life had been inifused into it. As a result of these operations, other imein started furnaces, rolling-mills, and blast-furnaces in the samie place, anid an iilipetus was given to the growfth and prosperity of Sharon which will be felt in all time to comne. Having disposed of his intere,sts in Sharon in 1865, he returned to Pittsburgh -as his place of residence. But bis active disposition refuLsed to permit him to rest, and two projects claimed his attention, both looking towvards the development of other portions of the countrv, One was the organizing and.starting of a rolling-rnill at Portsmouth, Ohio, and the other the erection of a blast-furnace and opening of coal-mines at ai-id in the neighborhood of Ashland, Kentucky,-tbe latter beinog known as the "Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad, Iron, and Coal Company." In 1867, he visited Europe, for the double purpose of securinog relaxation from the cares wlhich bad for years pressed so heavily upon hiim, and to observTe a-nd compare the various industries of Europe with those of our own country. While there he observed, and was ps,rticularly attracted by, the method in use of utilizing coal slack,-washinog it and making coke of it. Ile procuLred working plans and drawings of the imachiinery used for th-e purpose, and on Iiis return organized a conipany for puttiing th-e process into practical operation, and in connection witli the Carnegie Brothers and George Lauder established a works at Carpenter's Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad. The process itself proved a complete success, producinga fuLel unequaled for purity and cheapnaess, and in a short tiime several other- companies, in different localities, had adopted the same economical idea, and thus utilized a substance heretofore thrown away as of no use. In the suluni er of 1870 he turned his atteDtion to further coal developnients. He, in connection with the Messrs. Carnegie, purchased large tracts of coal lands in Plum Township, Allegheny County, and, by coDsolidating their interests with some parties owniDg adjoining coal lands, formed the New York and Cleveland Gas-Coal Company, one of the heaviest mining corporations of Western Pennsylvania, extendinu from the Pennsylvania-Railroad to the Allegheny Valley Railroad, with openings on both roads, and larg,e facilities for shipping by either Or both. Soon after the complete organization -of this enterprise' he illade a journey to Lake Superior, for relaxation and rest; but while he was here enjoying a respite from homie cares, his active mind perceived the great possibilities of this region, aind an opportunity for further indulging his fonldness for developing the resources of the country, and he became a promoter of the famous " Republic" mine, aiid one of the originators of the " Kloman Mining Company." About the same tiime, ex:tending over the years 1871 and 1872, other imuportant projects occupied his attelntion, and gave occupation to bis active energies. Havin- sold the " Duquesne Iron and Steel Works," with wlhiich he.had again become connected, to the Allegheny Valley Railroad, for a depot ground, that busiiness was wound up, and lie found a pleasurable em-ployment in the erection of a very laroge house on Fifth Avenue, to be devoted to operatic and theatrical purposes. Being impressed with the poverty of Pittsburgh in regard to places for this character of amusemnent, as cornpared with other cities of equal or even less size, he supplied the deficieillcy by this building, known as the " Pittsburgh Opera-House," aind thus opened the way for a greatly improved style of perforimance, elevated the character of the drama, induced the best performers of the day to visit the city, and gave opportunity for the best aiid imost refined iiiembers of society to enjoy evenings of pleasure in one of the largest, most complete, eleganlt, and comfortable theatre.s in the land. Even while this enterprise was in process of being carried to completion, his thout,hts were running upon the project of startingf a works in Pittsburgh for the manufacture of Bessemer steel rails. The success of this process made it apparenlt that the days of iron rails were almost numibered, and, with his characteristic sagacity, he saw that steel was to supplaiit iron; and he, ill conjunction with some others, fornmed the "Edgar Thomson Steel Works," limited, the largest and iiost comlplete Bessemer plant yet built ill this country. Sooni after the startingy of these works he disposed of his interest tliereiil, deeming it best, at bis time of life, to curtail rather than exteind his buWsiness operations. The ceaseless activity of miiid and body to whichi be subjected him'self, especially during the period just alluded to, endanlgered h-is health, and admonished him that rest and freedom from caro are absolutely essential to the preventioi-i of serious coilsequences. He, therefore, holds in check and curbs the innlate propeiisity for projecting and setting on -foot new enterprises which has been so promineiit a characteristic of his life, and finds quite enough to occupy his mnind in looking, after the interests he still retains'and in taking care of his large property. In-politics he has always felt a deep interest, tbough inever takint, a promninent part. In early life he ranked wvith the Democrats, and in I1848 joined the " Free Soilers, " and has acted and voted with the Republican party since its organization, be'lieving its principles to be those most cond-ucive to the preservation and perpetuity of our government. He lias never sought nor accepted any political office, preferrin - to lead the more quiet anid unostentatious life of a nian of business. lie has always had the best interests of Pittsburgh at heart, anld has few equals, and perbaps no superior, inl bis efforts for the developmeint of her nzaeral esures,and in the extensioin of h-er famze as a manufacturing centre. Thus, whenl nearing the confines of the allotted threescore years and ton, he cail lookz back over a life of ceaseless activity of both mind and body, conscious of having made dilig,ent use of the talents'conmmitted to himi, and displaying a clbaracter remarkable for its native shrewdness, for its extraordinary energy, capacity for organization and ability in erection, for its fertility of resource, for its power of endurance, for its keenness of perception and promptness in action, for the warm-th of its friendsbip, for its social geniality, and for its doilliestic affection. Thus lie enjoys, as advancin-, years leave, their traces uponl the vigorous frame, the pleasures of a well-earned reputation, -" And, departing, Will leave behind him footprints oii the sainds of time."HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 181 to his son, Alexander M. Speer, M.D. The doctor has been a trustee of tlhe Western Universit;y of Pennsylvania for twenty-five years, and also for about the same' period a trustee of the Western Theological Seminary of Allegheny City. He bas riven general satisfLtetion in tlhe m-any inpant and honorable: positions which h-e has beenl called upon to occupy. His ability and sterlint, integ,rity, which an extended public life h-as developed, eminiently qualify him for the offices of trust which he has so Iont, filled. (See portrait.) ALEXANDER W. ROOK. This gentleman was born in Pittsburgh on the lltli of January, 1826. He. comes of a bighly respectable family, whose ancestors figured in the early historyof New York State. His father, Frederick G. Rook, came to Pittsburgh fromn Poughkeepsie, New York, about 1820, and soon.after married Miss Clarissa Campbell. The subject of this sketch received his rudiiiientary education in a private school, prior to the establishment of the present excellent public school. system. He was among the early pupils in the public school of the First Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, and completed his education at night schools, after the~ routine of the day's labor. In his fourteenth year Mr. Rook entered the job, printing-office of Johnston Stockton, and the year following, in IS41, went, into the office of the Pittsburgh Mercury, as roller-boy and type-setter, and conltinued in-this vocation until the consolidation of that paper with the American Manufacturer, which arrangement laid the foundation for the present Pittsburgh, Post, on the first issue of which journal he set type. He worked on this paperfor about a year, when he was indentiired as an apprentice on the Pittsburgh Morn,ing Chronicle (now the Evening Chronicle). Here he learned the printing business thoroughly, and emerged forth at the close of his apprenticeship a firstclass practical printer, which position in the mechanical department of journalism, particularly, he has ever since retained. After the cancellation of his indenture, Mr. Rook went to New York and Philadelphia, and obtained positions on the Herald of the former city, and oD the Ledger of the latter, as a journeyman printer. He returned to Pittsburgh in 1849, and shortly afterwards took charge: of the composing-room of the Gazette, and was holding this situatioii when the. trouble occurred between the publishers and printers. At about this time thae National Typographical Union was formed, and Mr. Rook was chosen representative for Pittsburgh, and was a member of the coinnaittee that drafted the, constitution and by-laws of that body. In 1852 he -,vent to Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and entered into partnership with J. M. Laird, Esq., in the publication of the Pennsylvania Argus. He returned to Pittsburgh in 1854, at the request of the then proprietors of the Evening Chronicle, and took charge of the Oiln-i posint,-room of that paper. He beld this position for about nine years. In 1858 he married Miss Harriet L. Beck, which union has been blessed with six children, four of whom are living and two died in infancy. In February, 1865;, Mr. Rook, in conjunction with Mr. Daniel O'Neill, purchased of Colonel J. H. Foster a half-interest in the Pittsburgh Daily Dispatch. This copartnershipexisted uninterruptedly until the death of Mr. Foster, in 1867, when his interest was purebased by the present proprietors. At the tirne of Mr. Rook's first connection with the Dispatch its success was quite doubtful, but by the united eflforts, and extensive experience of himself and partiier a new imepetus was iilfuLsed irito it, and it becamle from the commencement of their management, as it is to-day, the leading journal of Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Rook has very creditably filled the position of news editor of the Dispatch for some years past. He has always takein an active part in public affairs, particularly in secret OI'ganizations. lie has beein frequently chosen representative to the c'onventions ofb the I. O. O. F., and also to those of the Knights of Pythias. He has received the degree of Knight Templar of Masonry. In 1869-70 he served a term in the City Council, for the First Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, to the general satisfaction of his constituLents ancl the people at large. In politics Mr. Rook is Republican, in reliuion a. Presbyterian. He occupies a very prominent position in the community, which he has attained by industry and personal popularity. His business integrity and genial social qualifications have made him a host of friends, and he is amonog the few who, after a long journalistic career, are without eit-her personal or political eneluies. A photograph of this gentleinlan adorns our pages elsewhere. WILLIAM E. SCHMERTZ was born in Prussia, May 24, 1826, and accompanied his father to the United States in 1832, and settled in Pittsburgh. In 1 848, at the age of twenty-two, he embarked in the retail shoe business, and in 1869 he conmmenced manufacturi-iig, James R. Speer was born in Chambersburg,, Pennsylvania. He received his literary education at Washington College, from which institution he was honorably graduated. He entered upon a fuLll course of medical stuLdy at the medical branch of the Pennsylvania University, from which be received his diploma. He is the father of the Rev. W. Speer, D.D., who was for'many years a missionary to China, and of four other sons, who are engaged in professional and other busi-ness pursuits in Pittsburgh. In 1825 he settled in Pittsburgh, and from that period to 1870 he was actively engaged in his profession, and, by a close and persistent application to the same, soon acquired a lucrative practice. He early securecl the friendship of the promi-nent men of the day, and took. a coTrlmenadable interest in the subject of facilitatin-, transportation and travel, by th'e coilstruction of eitber a railroad or canal, which was agitated in 1828. His correspondence with recgard to this matter' shows that his ideas touching the development of Pittsburgh were s ound and intelligent. During the prevalence of cholera in Pittsburgh, in 1S32, thle hipgliest professional and humanitarian qXualities of the doctor were very sensibly felt in the community. He was made chairman of a comnmi'ttee of medical men appointed by the Councils of the city to furnish informnation to the public in regard to sanitary measures necessary to prevent the spread of the disease. There was no medical man tlhere at that time wbose entire'conduct, in that trying- period, stands more conspicuous than does his. If the most assiduous labor, the closest application to the wants of his stricken patients, and the fearless manner in wbich he approached and attended th e muost mnalignant cases, constitute true heroism, theD was he a bero indeed. He was eve-r at his post, and the call of duty, never went unanswered. Rich and pOOl' alike received his attention; and nigbt and day foundc him at the bed of sickness, either alleviatiDng the -painf-Lil ravaoes of the disease, or soothingf the sufferinog of the patient by Christian consolation. In 1829 the doctor pulblished an able article in the Pittsburgh Gazette, recoi-- mendinog the construction of a dam and lock at the head of Brunot's Island, which he thought would call public attention to the adoption of a more perfect and im-proved system of developing the navigation of the Ohio River. It is a well-established fact that the government bas recently adopted a system practically identical with that advanced by the doctor nearly half a century ago. During the agitation of the question of a direct railroad connection with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, via Connellsville, in 1843, at wbichi time the wellknown engineer, Latrobe, was present, Dr. Speer was elected chairman of a committee, appointed at a public meeting presided over by Judge Wilkins, with instructions to prepare an address to the City Councils, setting forth the advantages to be derived from such an undertaking, and soliciting the aid of those bodies in furthering the project..The address wvas prepared and read, the result beiDg a subscription of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.' Similar proceediDgs were had with the Councils,of Allegheny, and a subscription of one bundred and -fifty thousand dollars followed, making in all four hundred thousand,-no small sum for those days. The project was' allowed to slumber, but was never abandoned, and has since been put into successfuLl operation, with results greaitly beneficial to the traveling facilities and con-imercial interests of Pittsburgh and vicinity. The next permanent public interest in which the doctor engaued was the establisliment of the Allegheny Cemetery. This corporation was oroanized in 1844, and amlong the corporators none were more deeply interested in the project than Dr. Speer. He is one of the few remaining foriginal mnembers of the organization, and has been constantly connected with it since its inception. We quLote the subjoined paragraphs fromn'Dr. Speer's " Historical Account of Allegheny Cemetery: "At a meeting of the Managers of Allegheny Cemetery, held October 31, 1872, Dr. J. R. Speer read an historical essay, in which were emabodied for preservation many interesting facts connected with the early bistory of the Allegheny Cemetery, gathered from old records aijd his own recollection; whereupon it was " Resolved, That -the -paper just read by Dr. Speer be published in suitable form, when prepared for the press by its author, and that the president be requested to advise as to the sbape in wbich the publication shall be made." Thlis resolution was adopted, aind thle result w'as that Dr. Speer issuedl a carefully-prepared,'well-written, and interesting, book, of' nearly two bundred p.ages, upon the growth and progress of the Allegheny Cemetery, which is certainly one of the best arranged and most beautiful cemeteries in the State, and excelled by none in the Union.* At the Twenty-ninth Annual Meetinog of the Managers, beld in 1872, Dr. Speer was elected Secretary-and Treasurer of the Corporation, to which offices he devotes inucl-i of his time and attention, having delegated his extensive practice -*' Sea- historical sketch of same, uncler head of " Pittsburgh."12 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUTNTY, PEi-'5NSYLVANMA. beinog the first who succeeded in this particular Iinie in Pittsburgh. About two hundred persons are constantly employed, whose wages anmount to six:ty t,housand dollars per annunm. The boots and shoes are sold at all points of the West deal-inu with Pittsburgh. This effort on the part of Mr. Schmertz has cost hilm years -of anxiety and labor; by its success he has niot only mnade a imovement to render Pittsburgh ilore independent of the Eastern markets, but has added anothier to her already astonishin, list of valuable manufactures. The store used for the ~business is on one of the principal streets. The structure is valued at one hundred thousand dollars, and is owned -by Mr. Schmertz. Business is conducted under the firm of W. E. Schmertz Co. In 1864 Mr. S. was elected President of the Third National Bank. He is also a director of the Dollar Savings Bank. His whole career has been characterized by those qualities in him'self which best.secure the esteem and confidence of worthy men. Always moving onward and upward in enterprise and financial strength, it has been with entire persoinal modesty, aind witlh no spirit or. intention to injure or defeat the plans and interests -of other people. But his work speaks for itself. It is the establishment of a new branch of industry, affording remunerative employnment to a large numuber of per-.sons in a section before dependent upon distant markets for the articles mariufac-tured. Such an undertaksing, to be successftul, must show mnasterly foresight, judgment, and energ.y, all of whicli have appeared in the present inlstance and in a manner to reflect the highest credit upon Mr. Schmertz. His manners are tinalssulminog and extremely gentlenianly, miaking intercourse with him high-ly.a(,ree Ston ihsinerity, clear and just in all judgment, he is happily suLited for a position of business iinfluence, and pre-eniinently worthy of the high Teputatioin wrhich he enjoys. (See portrait.) JOSEPH WOODWELL. Joseph Woodwell was born in iNew York City in 1807. He camne to Pittsburglh ill 182S and opened a cabinaet-shop and wareroom, and continuLed in th'at business until IS45. He then sold out to I-lis brother, after havinu established an extensive trade. In 1845 Mr. Woodwell wenlt into the hardware buLsiness in company with Allen Kramer and John Walker, under the firm style of Walker Woodwell. In the great fire of April IO, 18S45, their liardware-house escaped clestrucLtion, forminlg the boundary line of the fire on the iiorthl sidle of Wood,Street. In IS47, Mfr. W., having dissolved the copartnerslhip forimerly existing betweein biiiiself and Messrs. Kramer aiicl Walker, openecl a baaldware-h-ouse on -the colrner of Second Avenue and Wood Street, wliere hle h-as suciceeded in Iacquiring an exteinsive trade andl an enviable reputatioii among the proininent iinerclhanits of thle city. In 1858 the increasinlg demiands of the business necessitated the demnolition of' the old stor'e, anid the presenlt splendid warehouse was erected in its stead. Ile continuLes to carry on the wlholesale and retail hardware bsns;with his sons as partners. For integrity and ability the firmn enijoy an uniinpeachable reputation; and we feel conifideint that the bulsiness portion of our readers generally will bear us out in the assertion that Joseph Woodwell holds.first ranik aniong the mercantile mien of Pittssburgh. (See portrait.) CAPTAIN JOHN ROGERS. The subject of this sketch (a view of whose residence ancl grouinds wvill be -found in the departinent of illuLstrations elsewhere in this work) was born niear London, Eiigland, in tlhe year 1823. He canie to tlhis couintry when he was elenvren yearsn old. T, 183_~7 -,, whe in c hi1orenhya, heetee the selv'icei as a boy on the United States schooner " Madison," lounting eig,ht guns, which liacl been transferredl fi-om the Revenue to the Navy Department, and was then -tinder orders to proceed froin Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to the coast of Florida, to protect the perqsons anicl property wreckecl oin thlat dangerous coast; also, i;o prevent the Spaniards from Cuba supplying, arms anld anmmuLnitionl to the Indians with whoma we were then at war. After leavinC, the service lie made sl-veral voya-es in the inerchiant marine t\o Europe, South America, the West Indies, and coastwise. In 1845 be was offered the command of tlle United States light-ship " St. Helena," stationedl-off the coast of South Carolina, wbich he accepted ancl retainled for five years. He resignled his position and was married in Pittsburgh in 1850. In a few rnontlhs be became tired of inactivity, and proceeclecl to Baltimore anad purchased a vessel and entered the coasting-trade. After a few years of isuccessf-Ll tr ading lie quit the sea as a p rofession (being much afflictecl with i-heunLmatism), aind settled dowin as a citizenl of Allegheny County. At the breakill, ouLt of the Rebellion hle tendered his services to the Navy Department, whicbh were, acceptedl, and he was appointed to a respoiisible coinn-iaiid and sent to Cincinnati on special duty. In Apr-il, 1863, he was assigned to the conimand of t;he new gun-boat " Naumkeag," aild ordered to the relief of General McNeil at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. After the defeat of the rebels he was ordered to Cincinnati, and to "1 coiiiiiuuiitate with Major-General Burnside, anid inform him that he was ordered to co-operate with him i n preveintiiig an attack by the enemy upon the public depots in Western Virginia." The moral effect of Iiis boat being ancliored off Parkersburg prevented an attack on that place by the rebel generals Imboden, Jenkins, and Jones, who came withini sevein miles of it. He also, at tlhe request of General Scammon, of the eighth armuy corps, proceeded up the Kanawha, and sent all the salt out of the river aiid dismantled the works. Durinog the Morgan raid h-is boat took an active part in prevenlting the rebels recrossing the Ohio. For these services he was promzoted aind ordered to Vicksburg with dispatches for Admiral Porter. He was tbein orclered to keep General Steele's comomuiiications opein onl White River, Arkansas, a distaince of one hundred and sixty miles. Ill FebruLary,:1864, he was ordered to assume comiiiand, and " proceed withl the " Naumkeag,' in coinpaiiy with the gun-boat " Linden' witlh a convoy of eleven transports, to Pine Bluff and Little Rock." These were the first boats to ascend the Arkansas River above the post since hostilities commeiiced, and General Steele ordered a salute to be fired in 1-onor of their carrival. On their retuLrn trip they took out. some six thousand bales of cotton, whicli was tlhen selling at from onle dollar and fifteein cents to one clollar and twenlty-five cents per pound. On the 29th of May he i-eceived, tlhrough a "special order," the thanks of Colonel W. D. Woods, of the Eleventh Missouri Cavalry, for assistance rendered his commzand wlhen onl board of a fleet of seven boats which wrere aground and inl danger of beiing captured by General Shelley. Oil the 24th of June, General Shelley, witli a forc-e of two thousaind seveii hundired menl anld nine pieces of artillery, had captuLred the gun-boat "Queen" and blockadecl the White River at Clarendon. The gun-boats " Tyler," " Naumkeag," and "Fawn" staAted to raise the blockade. The " Fawn" was disabled, anld the otlier boats slhelled thern out of range of their gUllS. The " Naumakeag" concentrated her fire on a brass twelve-pouncl howitzer that was not maskecl, and -capturecl it. He received al]I autograph letter from Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, bearing, date July 6,in the followiiig words: " Sir, -Agreeable to the recommendationls of RearAdmiral Porter, you are hereby promoted for gallant service in the late eiiga-ement on White River." He also receivedl orzders to assume commancl of the gmunboats stationed tliere. Ill Janluary, IS65, h-e wvas cletached fi-om the commllaldcl of the " Naumkeag" anld assiglned to tlhe commndulc of the iron-clad " Carondelet,' then engaged in convoyin,g up the Teniiessee River. Shortly af'ter, he was comzmlaiided to take Ihis boat to Eastport andc ass-Lme comumandi of the station. In May, OWillg to failingl health, he tendei-ed his resiunlation, wlhiich was returned inclorsed, " His services have been, aind continlue to,be, so valtiable to the governnient, that I would recomlmenld tllat be be retained ill h-is present positionl. Robt. Boyd, Jr., Commanding Ninth District Mississippi Squadron." In June he was ordered to take the " Carondelet" to Mound City, anld was tllen detached from the commancl of tlhat vessel aii-d " assigiied to the command of all the vessels other than iron-clads.'7 lHe was then suffering severely from chills aind fevel and general debility, andc again tender-ed Ihis resignlation. He received th-e following: "1 Flag Ship' Temupest,' Mound City, July 3, 1865. Sir,-YouL are her-eby granted permissionl to pi-oceed to Pittsburgh, Pa., to await the action of tlhe Navy Departmenlt, to which report your adldress. Rlespectfully yours, S. P. Lee, Acting Rear-Admiral Commanding, Mississippi Squadron." July 17 he receivTed the following: "1 Navy Departmnent, B3ureau of Navigation ancl Office of Deta.il. Sir,-You are hereby detached from the Mtississippi SqLtLadron, and a leave of absence is granted youL for two montlhs from the receipt of this order, at the expiration of which you will report to the Bureau by letter.... Informa th BEureau of the date of the receptioii of this order-, antd also rjX you, wish to be ordered. on dvty algain. P. Drayton, Chief of Bureau." He respectftully declined fuLrther service at that time, but, as there was a prospect of war wit}lFrance, he tenclered his services if suche shoulcl occur. He therefore, in October, 1865, received an lhonorable discharge, with tlhe tbanks of tlhe Department. Oiir space will not perrnit us to do justice to thle record of Captain Rogers ill this sketch; s-Lffice it to say, that our extracts are all from original official documents and the reports of the Secretary of the Navy. His private history is well known in this comnmunity, ancl needs no commnent. Witb the exception of his acting as a director in the City National Bank, he has retired from active life to Ihis beatLtif-Ll place at Westview, where we, hope be may live niany years to eDjoy the fiuLits of bis al-d-uo-Ls labors.COUNTY, PENNSYlVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 25 Majesty's troops, now on the Beautiful River, to the commander of those of the King, of Great Britain, at the mouth of the river Monongahela. "Sir,- Nothing, can surprise me more than to see you attempt a settlement upon the lands of the King, my master, which obliges me now, Sir, to send you this gentleman, Chevalier Le Mercier, Captain of the Artillery of Canada, to know of you, Sir, by virtue of what authority you are come to fortify yourself within the, dominions of the King, my master. "This action'seems so contrary to the last Treaty of Peace, at Aix-la-Chapelle, between his Most Christian Majesty and the King of Great Britain, that I do not know to whom to impute such an usurpation, as it is incontestible that the lands situated along the Beautiful River belong to his Most Christian Majesty. "I am informed,Sir, that your undertaking, has been concerted by none else than by a Company, who have more in view the advantage of a trade than to endeavor to keep the union and harmony which subsists between the two crowns of France and Great Britain although it is as much the interest, Sir, of your nation as ours to preserve it. "Let it be as it will, Sir, if you come out into this place, charged with orders, I summon you in the name of the King, my master, by virtue of orders I got from my General, to retreat peaceably with your troops from off the lands of the King, and not to return, or else I will find myself obliged to fulfill my duty and compel you to it. I hope, Sir, you will not defer an instant, and that you will not force me to the last extremity. In that case, Sir, you may be persuaded that I will give orders that there shall be no damage done by my detachment. "I prevent you, Sir, from asking me one hour of delay, nor wait for my consent to receive orders from your Governor. He can give none within the dominions of the King, my master..Those I have received of my General are my laws, so that I cannot depart from them. "On the contrary, Sir, if you have not got orders, and only came to trade, I am sorry to tell you that I can't avoid seizing, you, and to confiscate your effects to the use of the Indians, our children, allies and friends, as you are not allowed to carry on a contraband trade. It is for this reason, Sir, that we stopped two Englishmen, last year, who were trading upon our lands: moreover, the King, my master, asks nothing but his right; he has not the least intention to trouble the good harmony and friendship which reigns between his Majesty and the King of Great Britain. "The Governor of Canada can give proof of having, done his utmost endeavors to maintain the perfect union whiclh reigns between two friendly Princes. As he had learned that the Iroquois and the Nippissingues of the Lake of the Two Mountains had struck and destroyed an English family, towards Carolina, he has barred up the road, and forced them to give him a little boy belonging, to that family, and which Mr. Ulerich, a merchant of Montreal, has carried to Boston; and what is more, he has forbid the savages from exercising their accustomed cruelty upon the English, our friends. "I could complain bitterly, Sir, of the means taken all last winter to instigate the Indians to accept the hatchet and to strike us, while we were striving to maintain the peace. I am well persuaded, Sir, of the polite manner in which you will receive M. Le Mercier, as well out of regard to his business as his distinction and personal merit. I expect you will send him back with one of your officers, who will bring me a precise answer. As you have got some Indians with you, Sir, I join with M. Le Mercier, an interpreter, that he may inform them of my intentions upon that subject. "I am, with great regard, Sir, "Your most humble and most obedient servant, "CONTRECOEUR. " Done at our Camp, April l6, 1754." Ensign Ward was in a dilemma. With but about forty men under his coinmand behind an unfinished work, without heavy guns or any adequate means of resistance, he could do nothing, for resistance he well knew would only end in a massacre by the swarming Indians. But, in order to show a little dignity and put off the surrender as long as possible, and after being advised by Tanacharison, the Half-King of the Six Nations, he embarked in a canoe, taking, the Half-King along, and met the French commander in person. He stated that he was not an officer of rank, and asked a delay until he could send for Captain Trent at Turtle Creek, but Contrecoeur refused and demanded instant surrender, offering to let the Ensign go off quietly, carrying his intrenching tools, etc., with him. Ward capitulated, and the affable Frenchman invited him to take supper with him, which he did, but probably with anthing but a good appetite. The next morning, April 17, Ward with his little party departed, taking the route up the Monongahlela to Redstone, where was a store-house. This affair may be called the first overt act in the long and exhausting, war which followed, at the beginning of which France had control over immense regions in Asia, Africa, and America, but at whose close she came, out shorn of her fairest and wealthiest colonial possessions. Contrecoeur,upon taking, possession, immediately began the erection of a strong fort, which, when completed, he named Fort Duquesne, in honor of the GovernorGeneral of Canada. The engineer of this celebrated work was the same M. Le Mercier* whom Contrecoeur had sent with the sunmmons to surrender. In the course of a month he had constructed a strong, work, mounting, according to Stobo, who was a prisoner the same year, eight guns, and capable of resisting any force, likely to be sent against it. It had barracks for one thousand men. Lieutenant-Colonel Washington was at Will's Creek with about one hundred and fifty men when this capitulation took place. Ensign Ward was accompanied to Will's Creek by two Indians, whom Tanacharison sent with this message:, "Come to our assistance as soon as you can; come soon, or we are lost, and shall never meet again." Washington was in a trying, position. Without adequate force or supplies, and with no certain intelligence of the designs or strength of the enemy, he was uncertain whether to advance or fall back and form a junction with Colonel Fry, who was daily expected with the artillery and strong reinforcements. Everything rested upon his decision. Under these circumstances, be sent expresses to the Governors of Pennsvlvania Maryland, and Virginia, and finally decided to advance with his present force as far as the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela, some fifty miles above Fort Duquesne, and there erect a fortification and await the arrival of reinforcements. On the 9th of May, Washington had arrived at the Little Meadows, where he received information that Fort Duquesne had been reinforced with eight hundred men. On the 18th, he reached the Youghiogheny, where he was delayed to construct a bridge. While here, he was told by the Indians and some traders that the river was practicable for boats from this point to the Monongahela, with the exception of one rapid. Anxious for positive information, Washington embarked in a canoe with five men on a voyage of discovery, leaving, the troops under the command of a subordinate officer. The party descended the stream for a distance of thirty miles, when, in the midst of a mountain defile, they were stopped by a fall, which was impassable. Returning to his men, Washington found a messenger from his old friend Tanacharison, stating, that a detacbment of Frenell bad lseft the fort and were on their way to attack the first ED 0lish tlley nmet. This3 w vas on the 24tht of May. Awztre that he was in nro condition to CDcounter a stroDlr, force, he determined to erect a liasty foi-tification, and accordin-ly pro-.ceeded to a place calle(l t. the I(ltret, -.1ife dows, Nvlieir e he thlrow up an intreDchment, cleared away the unlderbrulshl Mid( prepttredl wclt he is said to liave called "1 a chai-iiiiii- field for an enieotlrlter." MI. La Forcee the French emissary, was prowvling in the forest with a few Indiallis as a spy uponi the Eng,lish, and oii the 27th Mr. Gist arrived in carllp witli infornialtion that he had seen M. La Force with fifty mien the d.ly before t-lear Iiis place, and had also seen their traicks wvitbin five iniles of Washin-,ton's ctanip. The same nig,ht (27th) the Half-KiD c,, with X%onacatoothla and some, of his people were encarnped some six miles fi-om the Meadows, aiid sent Washington an express informing him that he had tracked the French party to their hiding-place, about a half-mile from the road, in an obscure and rocky retreat. Captain Adam Stephen had been detached with seventy-five men in the morning to look after this party, and now Washington determined to surprise them under cover of darkness, and accordingly, setting out with about forty men, he joined the Half-King, and about dawn on the morning of the 28th came suddenly upon the enemy. Both parties discovered each other at the same instant, and the French flew to their arms, and, according to Washington, commenced firing. After a short and sharp conflict, in which ten of the French were killed, besides the commander, M. Jumonville, the remainder surrendered. Among, the prisoners were M. La Force, M. Drouillon, and two cadets. The total casualties to the French were ten killed and twenty-two taken prisoners. A Canadian escaped and carried the news to Fort Duquesne. Of Washington's force one was killed and three wounded. The Indians escaped unhurt. The controversy which grew out of this affair regarding, the objects of M. Jumonville and his death, is familiar to all students of history. It is only necessary here to say that, after a careful investigation of all the facts and documents bearing, upon the subject, the character of Washington rernains unsullied. This was Washinton's first battle-ground, and not Fort Necessity, as is generally stated. This occurred on the 28th of May, nearly six weeks prior to the encounter with M. de Villiers, which occurred on the 3d of July following. * The Chevalier M. Le Mercier was a captain in the artillery. Soon after the construction of Fort Duquesne, he was sent to Europe by the Governor-General of Canada with an account of the campaign. In 1755 he returned to America, and bore a prominent part under Vandreuil, Dieskau, and Montcalm. t Monongahela of Old. Lossing says the 23d, and Mr. N. B. Craig says on the 27th. t Other accounts say eleven killed.- ~ ~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ intercourse with a man of quick- intellect and learning, wlho possessecl a h-appy n-iethod of communicating knowledge on all subjects. On the appointment of his father to the supreme bench of the State, young, Brackenridge, then fifteen years of age, wvas placed for two years in the office of the prothonotary or clerk of the court, preparatorzy to entering the office of a practieing attorney for the purpose of studying law. He succeeded well, and at the agfe of twenty was admitted to the bar as a well-urouinded lawyer. After this he repaired to the residence of bis father, iin Carlisle, where, uinder his directions, he continued for a year or more to applyT himself to the law of equity and maritime law, intending to qualify himself for practice in Baltimore. On going to that city he entered the office of a practitioner in chancery- he also attended the courts, where he had an opportunity of hearing the'able-lawyers who then flourished at that bar. Owing to the large num-ber of lawyers who then shared the Iiinited practice of the Baltimore courts, he did not stay there. Hearin, there was but one lawyer in the town of Somerset, he repaired to that place, and at on ce took possession of the office wfhicli had been recently vacated by the cleath of the other. There beinog but two lawyers in this place, he had the satisfiaction of being engaged on one side or other of every case, thus obtaining all opportunity of exercising his faculties whiclh I-ad been denied in Baltimore. The business was not so great as to deprive him of ample leisuLre for reviewinu hnis st;udies, 1 and going through a course of historical reading, revising Gibbon, Robertson, Hume, and other classical English writers. He had made somze pro-reIss in Italian and German, to which be regularly devoted a portion of his time. With the French literature he was familiar. A year was thlus passed h-ere to advantaoge when lie'received a letter from a -friend in New Orleans, who had been appointed Sheriff, and who promuised a very temptinog openinlg there in the profession. In the spring of 1810 Mr. Brackenridge took his departure from Pittsburgh for Upper Louisiana, being desirous of visiting the scenes of his infancy, to which his recollections fondly clung. He was most kindly received at Genevieve by the famnily in which he hadl lived, and, it happening to be the court week, became engau,ed in several important cases. From this place lie went to St. Louis, and theii proceedinog South, compiled the data for his very interesting work. on Louisiana, which was published at Pittsburgh in 1812. In the autuLmn of 1811 Mr. B. descended the river to New Orleans in what was called a keel-boat, steamn not being then in use. It was not more than a month or two after his arrival ulntil he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for the Territory of Orleans, afterwardls State of Louisiana. When the construction went into operationl the next year he receivred the appointment of District Judge, allthoug,h not m-ore tan twenty-three years of age. HEere, at this time, he tuLined his attenition to the study of Spanish, and became well versed in the Spanish law,. which was then generally the code used in the, new State. Mr. Brackenridge enjoyed the confidlence a-nd fiienldship of Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe, in the latter, particuLlarly, fiiidiiig a warm and aWrdent friend. His learning and attainnients made Ihim ex:tremelv popular wiltb all the great menl with whom he was contemporary. The question of tbhe acknowledgmlent of the independence of the South American republics being the order of the day, Mr. Brackenridge, in conjunction with Mr. Clay, took an active part in their favor. He made nunierous trainslations of South American papers, aind wrote for the press on the subject. BEut his principal productionl was a pamphlet of a huildred pages, being in the foriin of a letter sby an' American' addressed to Mr. Monroe, then President of the United States. This pamphlet was immediately republished in England in the " Pamphleteer"; and it being supposed to express the views of the American Governnment, the Spanish Minister, Duke de San Carlos, emlployed a writer to prepare a reply. This pamphlet of Mr. B.'s was translated into French by the Abbe' Du Pradt, afterwards Archbishop of Malines, who passed a hiffh encomnium on the production. DCn May, 1821, Mr. B. received the appointment of United States Judge for the Western District of Florida, which office he continiued to fill for imore thani ten yea-rs, to the general satisfactionl. Mr. Brackenridge baving, married a lady of Philadelphia, in whose right he held a valuable tract of land on the Pennsylvania Canal, -near Pittsburgh, removed to that place. In 1834 he published the first v"ol'ume of his "Recollection s of Persons and Places in the West, and the second volume of the sa-me work, revised and enlarged, he had published in 1868, by the well-known house of J. B. Lippincott Co. His publications of speeches, addresses, etc., are numerous, but IlOt all. collected into volumes. Among his latest published works was a "History of the Whisky Insurrection," oile of the muost imoportant episodes, in our natioiial h-istory. The tract of land a bove referred to came into the possession of Mr. Brackenlridge in 1826, ancl consisted of from 2100 to 2200 acres, upon a portioni of whiclh he subsequently founded the villag,e of Taarentum, betweenl which place I and Natrona is located the beauLtifuLl country residence of the family. More than half of the most valuable portioii of this vast estate is retained by the family. A't 03 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUiNTY, PENN5SYLVANIA. *OHN AGNEW. The Agnew family is one of the oldest and most res ectable in this part of the State. The -,randfather of the gentleman whose name heads tlhis sketch settled at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, prior to the Revolution, in which he took an -active part. In 1785 the father of John was b orn at that place, and in 1808 removed to Beaver County and settled on Raccoon Creek. Here John was born -in the year 1819, and when three years old came with his parents to Pittsburgh. Ile was eduLcated at a private school, and when fourteen years of age was apprenticed to William McCully for five years, to learn the -lass business, comnpleting his -apprenticeship in 1837. In 1842 he entered into partnership with the late Ales:-;ander Chambers for the manufacture of glass, the firmn continuing under the style'of Chambers Agnew until 1847; since which time he has been engaged in -the glass-manufacturing business on his own account. He is now the oldest living -practical glass-manufacturer in Allegheny County. In 1845 he married Miss Mary Ann, daughter of John Chambers, Esq., an old citizen, and one of the earliest glass-mnakers of Pittsburgh. In early times Mr. Agnew used to vsell the product of the factory personally at Cincinnati and Louisville. The mode was similalr to that of the present day, only instead of' emuploying a commercial travleler he solicited the custom bimself, and shipped the goods by boat, and delivered them. In politics Mr. Agnew is Republican, having voted for Harrison, the Whig candidate for President, in 1840, and has ever since supported the Republican party. In religion he is a Presbyterian. The business transactions of Mr. Agnew have always been characterized by strict integrity, and in his private life he is a genial and whole-souled Christian gentleman. Since 1870, his son John S. has been associated with bim in the business, under the firm style of John Agnew Son. W. P. WAMPLER. This gentleman was born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1844. He,entered the army as a private soldier August 19, 1861, and was present at all the ~engagements participated in by the Sixty-third Regiment of Pennsylvania Vol-unteers, from Yorktown to Petersburg. He was honorably discharged and retured o hs hmein eptlnbr,1864. Was enua,ed in various pursuits from that time until 1868, whenl he was employed about the lumber-yard of James Neel, Esq. In 1870, he was advanced to the position of book-keeper and salesman, and so remained until 1872, when he wcas taken into partnership with the above-named gentleman. He was elected Chief Burgess of the borough of McKeesport the same year, and re-elected in 1875, and in April, 1876, retired with a vote of thanks fromn the Council over which he presided. He is at present a director in the People's Savings Bank and a mnember of the fiirm of Neel Wampler, proprietors of the Original McKeesport Planing-Mill, driving an extensive business contracting and fLirnisliinu materials for a majority of the nuinerous buildings now under course of erection in and about the flourishing anad rapidly-growing borough of McKeesport, Pennsylvania. HENRY M. BRACKENRIDGE.* Henry M. Brackenridge WclS the son of the author of "Modern Chivalry," -who figurecl as an eminent jurist a fewv years subsequent to the Revolution,and was born in Pittsburgh the lith of May, 1786. His father discovered in himl very early- indications of superior intellect, ancl resolved to give his personial attention to its cultivation. The co-Lirse of education was begun almuost in infancy, by himself, with the assistance of otliers; and after ten years of aC,e, excepting,about six months at th-e Pittsburgh Academy and about the same length of timie at Jefferson College, thle course of instruction was strictly private. At the age of seven years he was consigned to the charge of a gentleman who -visited Louisiana, and placed at a French school at St. Genevieve, in Upper Louisiana, for the purpose of learning the French vernacular. This was so successful that at the end of six iiionths he bad forgotten the English entirely. Various causes prevenited his being returned to bis home until near ten years of age. It was at this time, Mr. Brackenridge states in his ":Recollections, that his education commenced in earnest. A snilall table was assigned him i n his father's private study, and instructions partly given by his parent, and partly by tutors under his direction.,Perhaps the greatest advantage to hiin was derived frorni the continual -* See) also) Cyclopaedia of American Literature, vol. io p. 668.184 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. neither of them well-to-do, were fouiid to be lno dronies in the busy and enterprising conimunity in whbich they had elected to live, helpmates aild lovers always. After the first occupancy of the farm and the gradclial decay of the first improvements of squared and properly-fashioned giaznts of the forest, in which he bad enjoyed his counitry life to the full withini balf a mile of the father's farm,. where the father died Novemnber 3, 1809, leaving his widow to survive uintil her death, June 17, 1829, aged eighty-eight years, th-e old h-omestead descended to toli o, Casper Negley, a plain, practical, confiding neighbor anid industrious farmer, still living, in his ninety-thir-d year, having been born on the 17th of March, 1784, on wliich he lived and worked for a year after its sale to the corporation of Pittsburgh,* in 1 872, a part of which he still occ-upies. We pass for a moment from followiing up the principal object of this sketch to record the fact that Alexander's daughter, Elizabeth, was born on the 15th of February, 1772; was intermarried with John Powell in 180:L; resided near her brother Felix, at Tarentum, or where it is now located, until her death, February 15, 1855, aoged eighty-tbree years. Also a daughter Margaret, intermarried with B. Bentner, having been boirn June 16, 1776, and died near Tarentum March 11, 1857, in the eigyhtv-first year of her age. An interestinog incident presents itself in the fact that wbitst Alexander's family was on its rough, mountainous journey from Bucks County west, having followed the old Forbes military road over the mountains, they were driven, before they pasIsed through the spurs of Chestnut Ridge, to take refuge from the pursuit of the Indians within the fort at Ligonier, where they were properly caired for, and where John Negley, late of Butler, Pennsylvania, was born, a -entleinan distinguished for quiet, social qualities, and who served several terms at Harrisburg in the Senate, with a record for strong common sense and an -unflinchiin- advocacy of right ancl justice. We left Jacob, wbose tastes, if not educated to the beauties of landscape and architecture, were naturally developed, and therefore motre likely to be successfully employed, bidding farewell to the plain, square-timber farm-house, without parting with the thousand memories that crowded around its raised heartbstones, for an extensive brick manlsion with, iinproved carpentry-wide ball and _capacious room's on either side. It was b-uilt imore than sixty years ago (1808), and afterwards, to the boyhood eyes of the writer, had a grand appearance; and to-day, witbout a stone of its foundations moved, or the lookout above the cornice disturbed, looks amidst its surrounding;s, after fifty years of inltimate acquaintance, as if it was som-e old baronial castle-fit shelter for the after-life of the intelligent, enterprising, simplehearted, bonest agriculturist. He was one of the early corporators of the Pittsburgh and Greensburg Turnpike (1806, and subsequently), and in connection with bis intelligent associates, Dunning McNair, William B. Foster, Sr., and William Hill, succeeded in arousing enterprise on the whole line to Harrisburg, in the first decade of the century, induciDg the Legfislature to grant charters of incorporation to persons along the route for various distances, each corporation joining the next one east, until Harrisburg was reached; thus dividing the responsibilities, and having five active organizations to enter the race for the first innqings. This enterprise met the necessities arisinog from the growth of this city until the Conestoga wagons had been superseded by the canal-boat of 1827. As evidence of the advanced intellit,ence of Mr. Negley, and his enlarged views of the uecessities of the fututLre and of the little town that bore bis name, he had the turnpike width of fifty feet, as provided by the charter, enlarged through bis own property (running, from Davis' Hill, about the present Hugus residence, to a point near the place on Penn Avenue where the tasteful iron bridge crosses the Pennsylvania Railroad), to one hundred feet, at this day giving increased value to the property on each side. The boys of fifty years ago remember bis earlyefrs soonatrtewro 1812, to erect the secoind steam flourinlg-mill on the spot now occupied by the Merchants' Bank building, on the cornier of Penn and Collins Avenues, and the magic, weird wbistle of the steam-ent,ine that gave the power to move its ponderous macbinery5 and proved of so much accommodation to the farmers of the surrounding country,t riving a new prosperity in population and wealth to the people of "Negleytown." The Evans steam flouring-inill was the first successful experiment, and was located on the corner of Water Street and Redoubt Alley, the proprietor of wbicb, the son of Oliver Evans, contemporary of Fitch and Fulton in perfecting the application of steam power on land and water, built the East Liberty mill. the election of General Harrison in 1S4L0, he obtained a seat in Congress, and the year followinu was appointed a Commissioner under the Mexican treaty, in conjunction with Governor Marey of New York. With this exception, and the service of one session in the State Legislature in IS44, he remained inl private life, and devoted himself to letters. His "Eulogy on Jefferson and Adams," delivere d at Pensacola in August, 1820, was highly eulogized by William Wirt. We quote the closing, sentence, as a samplef of the brilliant eloquence of th-e whole: "Oh, illuWstrious names of WASHINGTON, FRANKLIN, JEFFERSON, ADAMS! deli,htful to every American ear-dear to humanity-eve'r living in the reimembrance of posterity!Cities may disappear-empires may fall nmonume-nts may be crumbled i-nto dust; but, unless the ligbt of civilization and science sball be extinguisbed by an eternal night of barba;rism, your fame and your honors shall endure FOREvER!" After a long and useful career, Judge Brackenridge departed this life January is, 1S71, in the eighty-sixth -year of his age. Ten years prior to, and since, the Judge's decease, the oversi-,ht of his large estate has devolved upon the widow of his son, Mrs. P. S. Brackenridge, who has shown excellent ability in ite general management. JACOB NEGLEY, SR., OF EAST LIBERTY Jacob Negley, the grandfather of the subject of this, sketcb, was of' Swiss descent, the unobliterated genealogy reachin, back to 1735, belhind wbich all was lost in th-e dust and commotion of the Reformation, and in the early, unexZpected death of the patriarch of the family, carrying with him, into bis oceain burial, the brain memorial of bis ancestry. I An early record indicates that the noted head of the Negley tree, of a previous century, was a deep thinker and a fearless searcher after the new doctrines and truths of Christianity that sprang fromn the bold innovations on the Catholic hierarchy by Luther and Calvin, followed by Zwingle, who, in combating the former in bis view of tlhe sacraments,bharmoinized closely with the theology of the latter. Zwingle was born at Wildenhausen, in the Swiss Canton of Toggenburg, January 1, 1484, and died in 1531, October 5, having been killed in at battle near Zurich between the Catholics and Reformers of all sbades. He in life was a steady resistant of Luther in his doctrine, ilot that the sacrament was the eating and drinking of the body of Christ. (absolutely present), but that in the sacrifice of the sacrament those symbols were truly and substantially there and -Present. Zwinglle contended that in the partaking of the Lord's Supper it was received as a token of Christianity, just as circumqcision was in the Jewish Church. In both Jewish and Christian Sacrament, by faith we feed upon the " Body and Blood of the Saviour." Thi's father of the Negleys of Allegheny County, Jacob, left for America in 1739, with his wife, Elizabeth, and three children, Alexander, born in Germany, in 1735, another son, named Casper, and a daughter, who married a farmer in Bucks County, Pennsyrlva-nia. He sickened and died on the passage, aild his body, with proper solemnity, was comnlitted to the waves. The bereaved wife had borne up in her calamity, and soon after her arrival at Philadelphia, through the advice of Christian friends, resolved to settle in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, twenty miles up the Delaware. Alexander grew up to manhood and prosperity;- married Mary Anne Berkstieser in the yea-r 1762, and before leavin-, Bucks County had five children born to him, all of whom migrated to this County in 1.77S; four of them lived to advancd aes,occpyin postions in public and private life which could not fatil to afford interesting and creditable history. Felix was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1763; married Ruth Hort,on in:1793, and settled finally on a farm about eighteen miles above Pittsburgh, on the iinarglin of the Allegheny River, adjoining Tarentum Borough. His wife, after remaining the prop of Ihis nurmerous household for mnore than fifty years ancl dispensiing her noted kindnesses, passed away like a summer cloud. Ile was a good neighbor aild Christian, and lived until his ninety-first year. Jacob Negley, the special subject of this notice, the son of Alexander, was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, August 26, 1766, and emigrated in his twelfth year with his father's household, in 1778, to Allegheny County, where, after somYe time in his reach to rapid manhood, he, with a foresight as to topographical advantages that marked his whole after-life, set himself down to work and live in the choicest and loveliest section of East Liberty Valley, with afienced-in rneadow of an htindred acres, stretchin,g from the old mansion, or "Negley House," to Penn Avenue, fronting on the naorth side of the latter froml Collins to Negley Avenues. He was married June 19, 1795, to Barbara Ann Winebiddle, daughiter of Conrad, the elder, whose original title to what is known as the Winebiddle estate was held under the royal grant and seal of Great Britain, and the younc parties, Hiland Avenule Basin occulpy the homlesteadl. t General John Neil andl persolis on soutlth sicle of Monongahela, of Mifflin, and other townships, brouoght their grists to East Liberty.We could say m-any, thint,s from our boyhood's diary of bis considerate kindness and home hospitalities, aiid remember to have occupied a sittint, at the knees,of a revered father and n-iother in the old brick villaue church, occupyillt, grounds, nTow the site of the " Gillespie" improved architecture, donated by Jacob and Barbara Negley, to which an early and voluntary-gift had given so imuch value. He had no enemies, and, to repeat what in his case will bear repeating, "none --new him but to love hirn." J. R. M. GENERAL PRESLEY NEVILLE.* Died, at his residence, near the town of Neville, in the State of Ohio, General PRESLEY NEVILLE, in the 63d year of his age. Death has laid his icy hand on one more veteran of the Revolution; but although amonog his victims there have been some whose names were more familiar to the voice of fame, a better or a braver man has not yet fallen than the object of this -notice. General Neville was a native of Virginia. After graduating at the University of Philadelphia with disting,uished reputation for classical attainments, he entered the army in the year 1775, at the age of nineteen, as an ensign in the comlpany conimanded by his father, the late General John Neville. He quickly rose to the rank of captain, and, as such, became aide-de-camp to Marquis de la Fayette, in which capacity he served several campaigns. Similarity of feeling and manners created an ardent friendship between these accomplished and, at that time, young,officers, which was continued uninterrupted, and which retained Major Neville in the family of the Marquis for three years. At the expiration of that period he volunteered with his father to join the Southern army, and received the brevet of lieutenant-colonel. He was made prisoner at the surrender of Charleston, returned -thence to Virginia on parole, and was not exchanged until the end of the war. General Neville was in the battles of Princeton, Trenton, Germantown, Brandywine, and Monmouth, at the last of which he had a horse killed under him. At the close of the Revolution he married the eldest daughter of General Daniel Morgan, and emigrated to a property which he held near Pittsburgh, at that time in Virginia. In 1792 he removed to Pittsburgh, where he continued until the year 1816; he then changed bis residence to Ohio. He was always honored with the friendship of General Washington, and, uintil within a few years, he held mnany of the most confidential offices. under the general and State governments. Governor Snyder was the first to inflict a wound on the peace and pride of this distinguished citizenl and meritorious soldier in the evening of his days, by removing him from the lucrative office, Prothonotary of this'County. We' impeach not his motive, but we hope that it was such as to justify him at a future day. It falls to the lot of but few men to enjoy so great a degree of personal popularity as has attended the subject of this notice through life. He was favored by Providence with the possession of an amiple fortune, which enabled himi to indulge to excess a benevolence as warm and as expansive as ever glowed in a mortal breast. It had a fault: it was too lavish for prudential ma:xinis to miii-,le in its council, and too honorable to doubt the rectitude of its ardent impulkses. Like most generous men, he suffered dearly for h-is liberality; but he repiined not at th-is ~dispensation of Providence, nor repented of those acts which he performed with pleasure and reflected on with pride. He was admired by Iiis equals, respected by his inferiors, and loved by all who knew him; the op ressed clung to him for.Support, and the prayers of the needy ascended to Heavein in. his favor. In General Neville we had a brilliant examnple of the character which we may emphatically term that of a well-bred gentleman. The distinguishing features of his character were courteous hospitality and a polished urbanity of manners. He carried into private life that n'ice sense of honor which so peculiarly belongs to the -soldier, and which, though the natlive growtht of his ownl bosom, was polished and refined in the camp. His affectionls were warm, andi his philaiithropy pervaded thle whole tenor of his thaoughts and actions. As a husbaind, he was delicate and affectionate; as a father, warmz and indulgent; as a man, mlild but firm. The rule of his conduct towards society was to do nothin^, wbich a gentlernan should be.ashlamed of, and he cared but- little wbat name the world might put upon his actioin if he rfained the approbation of his own heart without trespassing on the feelings of others; yet, so nice was his sense of the delicacy which out,ht to be observed towards the opinioii of the world, as well as the feelings of individuals, that it would give hinm serious pain to reflect for a moment that h-e bad offended against the one or the other in the most miilute particular. He breathed his last oin the banks of the Ohio, not surrounded by all the com-forts of life, for this would have been too great a bappiiiess for an old soldier, but HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 185 he drew his last sigh surrounded by his children, on the soil granted to 1-iim for his Revolutionary services. At the p'reseiit day the remembraince of those WservTices are of but little value, except as a theme of pride to his descendants; but the fuiture historian will ranik h-im amonog those heroes to whom his country owes ber inclependence. He left a widow anld large famnily to mourn his loss. O. SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND SERVICES OF ISAAC CRAIG, Major iit the _Fourth (qtsital,7y ca7,7ed Proctor's) Regiment of Artillery di rinyg the Revolutionary war. About the middle of the last ceintury there were born in the neighborbood of Hillsborough, in tlhe County of Down, Ireland, of Presbyterian parents, three children, who subseqLuently, upon arriving at manhood, emigrated to Americaand each three acted not uinimportant, though very different, parts in the advance of liberty, knowledge, and religion, during the close of that century. These three children were Robert and Joseph Patterson and Isaac Craig. Robert Patterson and Isaac Craig were of about the same age, both born.in 1741, were of somewhat simla tsts,anld continued to maintain throughout their long lives a sincere regard for each other. Isaac Craig emigrated to America, and settled in Philadelphia about the close of the year 1765 or beginniniig, of 1766, having previously completed his apprenticeship to the trade of a house carpenter, in the city of Hillsborough. He worked as a journeyman in Philadelphia until, having formed an intimate acquaintance with the active and enterprisingr iiien of that place, and acquired a correct knowvledue of the mode of doing busine'ss, he at length assumed the responsibilities and labors of a master carpenter. In thlis situation he continued to labor with enterprise, perseverance, and considerable success, until the breakin- out of our struggle for independence. In November, 1775, he received an appointment, as the oldest lieutenant of marines, ill the navy then being fitted out by this country, and in that capacityv served ten months on board the II Andrew Doria,* comn-ianded by the gallant and unfortunate Nicholas Biddle, who was soon after blown up in the Randolph frigate, in an action with a British ship-of-war. While on board the "Doria," that vessel formed one, of the squadron of Commodore Hopkins, which made a descent upon the island of New Providence, in the West Indies, took possession of the two forts, Nassau and Montagu, captured the Governor, and seized a large quantity of military stores, then much needed by the American army. Cooper, in Iiis "Naval History of the United States," after noticing the sailing of the Hopkins squadron, consisting of eight vessels, proceeds as follows: "No vessel of any importance was met until the ships reached Abaco, where the squadron had been ordered to rendezvous. Here Commodore Hopkins determined to make a descent upon New Providence, where it was understood a considerable amount of military stores were collected. For this purpose a body of three hundred men, -marines and laiidsmen, under the commnand of Captain Nichols, the senior marine officer, was put into two sloops, with the hope of surprising the place. As the squadron approached the town, however, an alarm was given, when the sloops were sent in, with the "Providence, of twelve guns, and the "Wasp," of eight, to cover the landing.."... "1 On this occasion, the first that ever occurred in the regular American navy, the marines under Captain Nichols appear to have behaved with a spirit antd steadiness that have distinguished the corps from that hour dowin to the present moment.'' In Lieutenant Craig probably the second in command under Captain Nichols. Engaged in this ex:pedition were s3everal officers who afterwards distinguished theinselves; amlong them were Paul Jones and Commodores Abraham Whipple and Joshua Barney, the latter of whom is buried in the Allegheny Cemetery. Soon after the return of the expedition to the States, Isaac Craig was promoted to a captaincy of marines; and in November, Major Nichols was ordered to join the army, with all the marines, including Captain Craig's company, to do duty as infantry, which duty they perforrned for several months. In this capacity Captain Craig was present at the crossing of the Delaware,:Decermber 25, 1776, the capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and at the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777. From aboult the close of February, 1777, Captain Craig served as ans artillery officer. On the 3d of MIaich, 1777, lie was appointed a captain of artillery inl the regiment then formed, under tlle command of Colonel Thomas *Andrew Doria was the most celebrated admiral of bis time, born in 1468, of Genoese parents. I-e colmmandled the French fleet of Francis I., and gained the hig-hest distinctionl. He granted a free constituition to Genoa, and was admiral of the fleet of Charles V. against the Turks and French. Diecl 1560, at the ag-e of ninet;y-two yrears. * Froni the Pittsburgh Gazette, December 18, lSlS.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUN TY, PENN:SYLVAN IA. About the 20th of April, 1780, Captain Craig wvas ordered to Fort Pitt with artillery and military stores, ancl made as prompt arrangenients for Iiis march as the circumstances would perinit. In a letter froim Colonel Timothy Pickering,z then at the head of the War Office, are shown somne of the troubles which beset the new government: "WAR O FFICE, AP ril 20O, 17 80.'You have herewith an orcler on the several quarterimasters to supply you with the nlecessary teams and carriages for conveyinlg to Fort Pitt the artillery and stores under your care; and a pairticular order on Colonel Davis, at Carlisle, for any other articles necessary for repairing the carriages on the way." Towards the close of the letter he makes the following frank declaration: "We have no mnoney, nor can we get any." " If Colonel Flower, Commissary General of the United States, thinks it reasonable to make you an allowance for conducting the artillery and niilitary stores to Fort Pitt, we shall not object to it. Forage is to be obtained in the usual way, by application to the quarter- and forage-masters. The forage-masters. and quarter-masters on the route are hereby directed to fuLrnish youL with necessary forage, and also,to supply you with horses to replace any tllat msay fail on the route. We expect you will use this order with great prudence and economy that the distress of the pitblic?nay not be inicreased but in cases of absolute necessity." Captain Craig was also furnished with an order or warrant, dated April 24, 78,signed by Timothy Matlack; Secretary of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, which, after reciting the order from General Washington to Captain Craig, concludes as follows: "1 Oirdered that the lieutenants, sub-lieutenants, justices of the peace, and others of the respective counties through which Captain Craig shall pcass do give him such aid and assistance in transp:ortino, the said stores as the occasion may require." A letter from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, dated at Fort Pitt, May 13, 1780, while Captain Craig was on his march to that place, and which reached hiin near Bedford, says, "1 I must urge you to exert yourself as much as possible to reach this post before the Ist of June. It will be very hazardous to come up the Pennsylvania road, wherefore you are to come up the Virginia road; and if you find the artillery and stores will be too much exposed on any part of that road, you will halt and give me notice, so that a sufficient convoy may be sent you'." Captain Craig, in obedience to these directions, took the Virginia road, and reached his destination oil the 25th of June, 1780. From that time until the day of his death, in May, 1826, he resided in or near Pittsburgh, except when absent on military service during the war, or subseqLuently in the performance of his public duties, or in attendance on his private affairs. In the winter of 1780-Sl that active and enterprising partisan officer, General George Rogers Clark, projected an ex:pedition from Kentucky against Detroit. Governor Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, approved of this expedition, and advised that guns and mortars be taken along from Pittsburgh, with a suitable person or officer to work them. The commander-in-chief selected Captain Craig for this service. By a letter from General Clark to Captain Craig, dated " Crossings, March 23, 1781);' it appears that there was a great. deficiency of the necessary stores at Fort Pitt, and it became inecessary for Captaiin Craig to proceed to headquarters to procure additional supplies. In that letter General Clark says, III much approve of your going down," and concludes, "1 I hope you will have a sufficient length of time between this and the 1s.i of May to complete your business there." All the alrrangements being completed, Captain Craig returned to Fort Pitt, from whence he embarkzed for the Falls of Ohio, July 29, 1781. He camped the first night at McKee's Island, and left the next day, July 30, for the lower river. General Clark had relied on Kentucky for a sufficient number of troops to enable him to undertake the expedition, but was disappointed; and he was also severely disappointed in the'loss of Colonel Loughery's* command of over one hundred of the finest young men of Westmoreland County, Pa., who were Surprised and cut to pieces on the Ohio, at what is now called Loughery's Creek, and an island ill the river a little below, called Loughery's Island. Captain Craig rnade the voyage down the river and joinecl General Clark in safety, but the failure of Kentucky to furnish sufficient troops compelled the general to give up the proposed expedition. Captain Craig consequently- returned to Fort Pitt. In a letter dated "1 Fort Pitt, December 29, 17SI,"' to General Washington, fromi General William Irvine, who was thenl in commiand of the fort, he gives thei followiing account of the captain's arrival: "Captain Craig, with the detachme-nt of artillery, arrived here on the 26th inst. He got up with great difficulty and great fatigue to the mien, beiing forty days Proctor, in which re-imlent, he coiitinuecl to serve until it was disbanded at the close of the RevTolution. On the llth of Septemiber, 1777, he was en-au,ecl with his company in the battle of Brandywine. In this action his company suffered severely, and he himself was woundedl though niot dangerously. In the ensuing month he was preseiit at the battle of Germantown, and his company was one of those which cannonaded " Chew's House, which was gallantly defeinded by Major Musgrave, witli six companies of tlhe Fortieth British regiment. The ensuino, winter, 1777-78, was passecl by the American army in lot, huts at Valley Forge. Early in the spring of 1778, Captain Craig and several otlher officers were ordered to Carlisle, to learn, practically, the art of the laboratory, under the instruction of Captain Coren, an officer of skill and experience. From a letter, signed "Horatio Gates, President, of date April 28, 1778, directed to Captain Craig and four others, it appears that other officers had been detached for a similar purpose, but for some cause had neglected proper attention to the business. Captain Craig, however, was neither indolent iior troubled with false pride, and he labored diligently and faithfully, and soon became proficient in the art of the military laboratory. His skill was called into action long after the Revolution, in preparing munitions of war for the armies of Generals St. Clair, Wayne, and more recently for that of General Harrison. Captain Craig remained at Carlisle from February 1 until August 1, 1778, and thus lhappened not to be present witb the army during the retreat of the British troops across New Jersey, from Philadelphia, in June, nor at the battle of Monmouth, June 28. On the 27th of April, 1779, according to a letter of tbanlks from Joseph Reed, President of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Captain Craig was in command of the fort at Billingsport, on the Delaware, below Philadelphia. In July, 1779, he was with the army of General Sullivan mnarchincg against the Six Nations and their white allies, the British Tories, under the notorious Brandt and the Butlers. Sullivan found the enemy strongly intrenched in froDt of New Town, several mniles above Chemung, with about fifteen hundred Tories and Indians, under command of the two Butlers, Guy Johnson, MacDonald, and Brandt. WYe subj'oin aii extract from Judge Marshall's account of the affair, as given ill h-is'1 Life of Washington:" "General Sullivan ordered General Poor, supported by General Clinton, to take possession of the hill wliich led illtO the einemy's rear, anld thence to turn to the left ancl gain the rear of the breastworks, while Hand and Maxwell, with the artillery, should attack in front. These orders were promptly executed. The ar tfltery opegiect its fire just as Poor reached the foot of the hill." Wm. Earl, an old citizen of Pittsburgh, who was in the action, relates the following incident of his first seeing Isaac Craig, who subsequently becamle his townsman and neighbor. Earl had been dispatched by General Sullivan with some message to General Hand, and on his way passed some pieces of artillery, the soldiers standing by impatiently watching for orders, and close by an officer, looking anxiously at the movemuents of the hands of his watch. Very soon the appointed time arrived, the officer replaced h-is waBtch i-n his pocket, alid the fire comiienced. That officer was Isaac Craig, ancl the time, no doubt, that above referred to, " just as Poor reached the foot of the hill." The enemy hastily abandoned bis bireastworks and retreated in confusion. After the return of General Sullivan from this expedition, inl which he destroyed as great many villages a.ncl immense amounts of co'rn ancl supplies, completely humbling the Indians, Captain Craig rej'olned his regiment; aind in January, 1780, was with the army at Morristown, New Jersey, where they passed the winter, wbich was very severe. During the excessively cold weather Washington planned an expedition against the British detachment on Staten Island, who were understood to numnber about twelve hundred men. Lord Sterling was selected to comrmand the expedition, wbich was composed of a corps of two thousand five hundred men. The intensely cold night of January 14, 1780, was fixed upon for the attacL, and Captain Craig was detailed to con-i mand the artillery, which, by orders from General Knox, was to consist of four six-pounders, and two five and a balf inch howitzers. He was to leave Morristown not later than one o',clock P.m. of the clay named, and the order says emplhatically, " Your march must be so regulated as to reach Elizabethtown by' ten or eleven o'clock this night." The detachment crossed on the ice to Staten Islaind, but it was founcl on arriving that the place was strongly fortifiecl ancl conmm-unicatioln with New York still open;so uncler the eircuiustances it was deenied best to withdi-aw, anld the coinmaind iinimediately retreatecl, anld made gfoocl their return, though fuiriously attackecl by cavalry in the rear, which was repulsed.. The loss was a fewv taken prisoners, and sonie of the mien frost-bitten..,We spell this name as it is spelledl ill Indlianmt. It is sometiimes spelled Loehry.- - l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 187 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNASYLVANIA. borses, oxe.n wagons, and sled-es to baul portions of the same articles froin the latter place to Presque Isle, now Erie. The major also superintended the construction of works at various points, viz., Fort Fayette, at Pittsburgh, and workis at Le Boeuf, Presque Isle, and Wheeling. He also establishecl the first line of mail-boats Oll the Ohio River, in 1794. In March, 1791, within two imonths after bis appointment by General Knox, an occurrence took place wbich pla'ced Major Craig in a rather unpleasant situation, aDd which illustrates the rapid filling, up of the country by settlers, and also the feeling then prevalent in this region regfardiDg the Indians. A numnber of persons hbad been killed, and others taken prisoners by thle Indians, near Pittsburgh, and reports wvere rife of large parties being seein in tlhe vicinity. This excited great alarm in the town, whose population did not amoulut to one tho)usand. Ill consequencel, a towil meetin,f was heIld on the 24th of Ma.rch, at wlieh a committee of the leadino, inen of th-e town was appointed to call on Major Craig, and ask of bim the loan, of one hundred musketSs, with bayonets, cartrid-,e-boxes, etc., and to enter into an obliC,ation to return the saime in good order wfithin two montbs, or sooner, if deinaiided by an order from the Secretary of War or commander-in-chief. As Major Craig bad no meanls of resisting violence, if offered, and as he may probably have thought the case ain urgent one, he took the offered secuirity and handed over the muskets, etc. Tlle Secretary of War approved his coinduct, anid subsequently iinformed h-im that tlhese muskets bad been receivTed by the State authorities as a portion of those for which the Secretary had given the Governor a previous order. In 1792, the miajor was busily engaged in constructing boats for the transportatiOil of General Wayne's army down the Ohio River. Quite an excitemeiit exilsted lhere in the summer of 1793, because of the yellow fever havingr made its alppearance in Philadelphia. The people beccame excited on account of a consiclerable amount of army clothing lhavin-, beenl sbipped to Pittsburgh, whicl- they feailed miglit introduce the drealded disease bere. Major Craig had the clotliinc, all talken out and aired, and the excitemei-it gradually died away. In July; 179 1, the Whisky Insurrection, whlich had lonlg beein brewing, at len-,th broke out in open violence. The house of General John Neville, the Inspector of Revenue and father-in-law of Major Craig, wItS twice attacked by ariiiecd meti. In the last attack all his buildin-s were destroyed. The mlails were robbed, ancl the inspector and his son anld other adherents of thle g overnment were drivTen fi-oni the country. At this very time General Wayne was preparing for Iiis decisivre campai-n against the Indians. Reinforcements, provTisiorls,and niLiiiitions of war hlzd all to be sent from Pittsburgh to Fort Washington (now Cincinnati), and all these were sbipped under the orders of Major Craig. Ilis presence was, therefore, very important, and he wals urged by Alexander Hamilton not to abandon his post; and the hope was expressed "1 that even iit the wor st event he wou_ldfind saxfety inw the crt." I-e did remain faithful in tlle discharge of Iiis duLty, forwaicding troops, provisions, and militairy stores as ralpidly as they could be collected. F()r a short time he w;as compelled to take refuge in the fort every ni-,ht- but each day his presence was required at the river, and then it becaime a matter of necessal'y precaution to pass to a-nd fro between the fort and the iliver on horseback, completely armed. In compliiment, no doubt, to bis fidelity, the office of commissarygeneral to Wayne's army was tendered hiim, witbout his solicitationi, in INovember, 1794. The situation of bis family compelled bim to decline the appointmlent; but he at the saime time recominended Major Kirkpatrick, and he was accordin-,ly appoirlted. Major Kirkpatrick initmed.iately joined Geiieral Wayne, and r-emained with bim nuntil his death, at Erie, December 15, 1796. In 17937, James O'Hara and Major Craig commenced the establislinient of the first glass-workis ever erected west of the mountains. Il19,when war with France was imminent, Major Craig was inltrusted with the duty of superintendingf the construction of twro row-galleys to be used on tlle lower Mississippi against Spain, the ally of France. These galleys had each two masts, with large lateen-sails, and mo-utited one heavy gun. The two galleys were named respectively the " President Adams" and "1 Senator Ross." Major Craig beloil-,ed to the palrty which claimed sucli m3n. as Washington and Hamilton, and consequently when the Democratic party ecame iinto power under Mr. Jefferson's administration he was removed frolzLi office. His last public services were called for and performed durino, the war of 1812, in preparinlg muniitions of war for tlle Northwestern army. DurinU, the laltter few years, Major Craig had become considerably embarrassed in his pecuniar'y circumstances; liot by reason of' any extravagance on his OWI1 part, but by large lialbilities ass-Lmed for others. For these liabilities, with son-e of his own, his real estate was all sold,7 anld in the falll of 1815 he removed to a valuable farm, the property of his wife, on Montour's Island, in the Ohio River, nine iuiles below Pittsburgh.. Hlere he passed his latter days ill comafort. He on the way, occasioned- by the lowness of the water. HIe was obliged to throw away his gun-carriages, but brought his pieces and best stores safe. He left General Clark at the Rapids, and iDlforrns me that the general was not able to prosecute his intendecl plan of operations for want of men, beino, able to collect iD the wvhole only seven hundred and fifty.' Captain Craig confidently believed that his party, on his way up the river, was watched by the Indians during many days, and that notliinog but coDstant vi"ilance on h-is part saved his party from an attack by them. Captain Craig was promoted to the rank of major, to take rank from the 7th day of October, 1781, during his absence down the Ohio River. In the sprint, and summer of 1782, Major Craig, constructed a new anld substantial stone miagazine for Fort Pitt, the old log one having become useless. There is no doubt but the British and Indians contemplated an attack upon Fort Pitt durilng the sumnmer of 1782, and the repairs of the old fort were in anticipation of this. In November, 1782, General Irvine receivecl intelligence that the British bad establisbed a military post at Sandusky, and were about to establish one either at Cuyahoga or Grand River. He therefore issued an order to Major Craig, dated November 11, 1782, to take with him the general's aid, Lieutenant Rose, and six active meil, and proceed to Cuyahoga and Grand River, agid esleciallytoth f or mer place, to ascertaiin whether ainy such attempts were making by the enemy. This order is eloquent in urging Major Craig to be cautious, and not to be stimlulated by Ihis zeal for the service to venture too far, and concludes by saying,' One man falling into the hands of the enemy may not only ruin your whole present business, but also prevent future discovery." The major and his party started on the 13th of Novemiber, aiid niade the trip throug,h to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, within a day's march of which they left one man with extra provisions, and pushed on. Beiii, gone longer than they expected, they found on their return that the soldier with the surplus provisions had disappeared, aind they were compelled to mnake the returln march through the wilderness, one liundred mniles, in a neairly destitute condition. The expedition developed no signs of occupation at the muouth of the Cuyahoga. After a Ion, and toilsome. march, the party reached the Cranberry plains, where they luckily fell in with a hunting-party from the fort, under Captain Uriah Springer, by whom they were welcomed and refreshed. Resuming their journey, they arrived at Fort Pitt on the evening of December 2. Upon the disbandment, of the army after the peace of 1T83S, Major Craig, and Stephen Bayard, wbo had been a lieutenant-colonel in the ariny, formed a partnership to carry on the mercantile business in Pittsburgh, with the desig,n also of doing a real-estate business. On the 22d of January, 1784, by article of agreement they purchased of the Penns the Jirst ground that waxs sold within the limits of Pittsburgh, containing about three acres. Four moiiths after this purchase the Penns laid out the town of Pittsburgh, and Craig and Bayard waived the right which they had acquired to the undivided three acres, and accepted a deed, executed on the 31st of Decernber, 1784, for tlhirty-two lots of grouind, which covered all the three acres except tlhat portion in the streets, and what was within the outworks of Fort Pitt. In June, 17S4, Craig and Bayard formecl a partnersliip witlh William Turnbull, Peter Marmie, alld John Holk r, echaiits of Philadelphia, and went iuto the distillin- blusiness. Branclies were also established at various pOilltS. In February, 1785, Major Craig married Amelia Neville, the onily daughter of John Neville, a native of Virginia, aind the colonel of one of the Virginia regiments, who was then residinig at Woodville, about eigbt. iniles firoil Pittsburgh, on the Washington Turnpike. In May, 17S7, Major Craig was comnplimented by being, elected a inember of the American Philosophical Society. He was one of the eleven original trustees of the Presbyterian Congregation of Pittsburgh, inacorporated by the Legislature in Septemuber, 1787. In the sprin, of 1788, Stephen Bayard withdrew fionm the firm,; and in October, 1789, the Philadelphia partners boulght out Major Craig's iinterest, who moved oni to a farm adjoining those occupied by his father-ini-law and brother-in-law, Johin and Pressley Neville. He remiaiined here but a short timie. WVhen the'new government was formed, General Henry Knox, the first Secretary of War, offered him the situation of deputy quartermaster and military storekeeper at Pittsburgh, thein a frontier town, and destined to be for many years'a very inmportant post for the distribution of troops, arms, and provisions to the forts ex:tending fi-oiii Mackinaw and Detroit to Fort Massac, and even Fort Adams on the Mississippi. The office was no sinecuLre, a-nd Major Craig's duties were various, aind at times really onerous. Steamboats had not been introduced. The quartermlaster liad, tlhei-e fore, to provide flat-boats to convey troops, mnilitary stores, and provisiolns down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; other boats, -keels, etc., to convey silnilar articles up the Allegheny River and French Creek to Forts Franklin and Le Boeuf; andCOUNTY PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 188 died on the 14th dacy of tiNay, 1826, at the ag,e of eig,lity-four years. Two dalys after, Iiis m-ortall remains wer-e follow7ed by a lar-e concourse of irelatives, friends, and fllow-citizens to thle grave-yard of thle First Presbyterian Church, in Pittsburgh. There by one of those stranf,e coinlcidences, which this world sometimies witiesses, the imortal remains of two men, wlio hlad'sailed and acted togetber in Commodore Hopkins's fleet juLst half a centuLry previous, buLt who were widely sepalrated dulrin- the entilre suibsequent period of their Ilives by thleir resiclences, their associaltions, their employrnents~, aicl their political affinities, the one h-aving settled on th-e seaboard, aiid the other on the extreme interior frontier of the colintr, foun d their last resting-place in tlle salule sacredl inclosure,Commodore Joshua Barney and Major Isaac Craig. WILLIAM B. SCAIFE was born in Pittsburgh in September, I8St, 1-is fatber baviinn settlecl in tlhis place inl 180)2. At tlhis tiime Pittsburgh was but a mere village, Fort Pitt was still existing in a clilapidated coiidition, anid where the Union depot now staldcs wTas awvay in the couiitry. His father started a slhop in the then village for the mailufacture of till and sheet-ironl work of' all kinids, ancl beinog a worknian of greatly more than ordiinary abilities, the shlop sooll acquired a high reputation for the excellency and durability of all work made in it. It was here the subject of our skSetch laid the foucldationi of that thorouC,h practical kDsowledue of his trade which characterized the more extended work of hlis later years. At the early aC,e of nline years articles imade, by hinm were exposed for sale with tlaose of the older workmen. In 1834 the firmi of William B. Scaife Co. was formed, the coi'lpany bein, the wvell-knlown firi-ii of McClurg Wade, of thle Fort Pitt Ordnance Works. Thlis partnership was dissolved ill 18S, William B. Scaife buying out the interest of Iiis partilers. At tllis tiiiie, aDcl for many years after, the steamlboat tracle was one of the greatest inlterests in builclin-g up the buisiiiess of Pittsburgh., The iroil, coppei, aiid tiin work for steaimboats becartle a leaclinu line in. h-is busiiness, which gradually grow iiltO the colitractin-, for and sup erititellcdiliO of the coiistruction of the entire allcd fully-equLipped steamers, of whicli as high as toil have been built in one year, some of them beinuC the magnlificeilt packiets of those clays. He was one of the first, if not the very first, to inau-,urate the systemi of towing coal down the river inlstead of flo)atin- it, the onlly meanls used ill tho)se dalys. DuLring, the great depression of 1857-58, to keep up tlhe extent of Iiis bulsiness, the buildling of ironl roof-fran-ies and t-cl mh lanufacture of corrugatedl iron for roofin, and sidiiig buildingC,s was added. Thlis conltinued to grow until it reached large ditliensions, and in alimost every State in the Uliion are, iron roof-frames anld iron muill buildinlgs, etc., many of them of very large size, erected by thiss firiii. In the imeanwliile h-is soris had arrivea at sufficieint age to take part in the busiiiess aind help ligihtenl tlhe duties that liad devolved UpOll hiim, anld, ill 1870, thle firm iiaine was chanC,ed to William B. Scaife Sons. Mr. Scaife's opportunities for an educatioii wvere Iiinited, yet lie fouind time for reading, aind stucly, ancl was not olily well posted in the curreint evenits of tlhe daly, but in miany of the deeper works of nietapliysics, etc. He kept specially posted oin labor-savinu mael-iines, and was continually desiuninlg something: to save labor for machinery. He was a niain of strong cOilViCtiOllS, aiid never would make an article except what he believed to be in tlle best way and mlost thorough -n-aiiier. He was strictly temperate, and, believing it wroiiog to driiik Spil'itUOUS liquLors, he never would iiiake any article to be used in tlle inanufacture of themi. WAitlh hini every tranlsactioil of life was a matter of conscience, anld lie would never make ain article ordered, wlhen he knew of a better tlhino, for the samie purpose, without finst advising the party. Many years ago he was onle of thle organiizers of the " Philo Institute," a debating society which possessed a fine library for those days. Mainy of tlhe leading citizens of the past anld present of Pittsburgh were members, and it was the nucleus froni which inilportanit results to the city have grown, and those of the old members still living refer backz to it as one of the imost pleasanlt renliiiiscences of their lives. Mr. Scaife passed away in April, 1876, with an uiiclouded hope of a glorious eternity, loing to be reiinemberecl as one of Pittsburgh's most spotless inames, leavinog ain extensive business to be conducted by his sons, who have been actively enf,aged in the establislhmenlt for over twenity years. WILLIAM DILWORTH. The greatest of Amierican poets has said that " Lives of good men all reimind us W;e can make our lives sublime, And, dleparting, leave behind Us Footprints on the sands of time! Perhaps no better exemplar of the above q-uotation has beeii iclentified with the, inlterests and development of the province of our labors than thle late, William Dilworth, Esq., a brief biog,raphical sketch of whomi we here preseint at the earnest solicitation of many of his friends. William Dilworth was boirn in Chester County, Pennsylvania, on the 20th of Mtay, 1791. WYhen six years of ag,e he canie with his father to Allegheny County. In tlle war of 1812, he joined the campaign to Sandusky, Ohio, under the coinmiand of General Harrison. On the Sth of May 1817, lie illlarried Miss Elizabeth Scott, dau,hter of Colonel Samuel Scott, of Ross Township. On tlhe evenin- of the weddinlg, the nlewly-nmarried pair took up their abode in the present family resideince, where they lived touether for upwards of half a century. This union was blessed by a lar-,e and interestinog family, the imale rnembers of which have all clistinguished theimselves in the coiiimercial development of Pittsburgh. These coinsist of William Dilworth, until receintly extenisively en,at,ed in the lumber busiiiess; J. S. Dilworth, and Dilworth Brothers, in the wholesale grocery trade Joseph Dilworth, of Dilworth, Porter Company, iron-manufacturers; and F. A. Dilworth, inl the oil business. The daughters have mostly become the wives of prominent business men, aiid as such bave added much to the geiieral inlfl-eince of the family. In 1817, Mr. Dilworth superiiitended the buildint, of the first Monongahela bridge, and, in 1819, he also superintended the construction of the first bridge over the Allegheny. He also took part in the erection of the original waterworks, at the, foot of Cecil Alley. In 1834, he Ssuperintended the erection of the present court-house and jail, at Pittsburgh.' The samne year lie was elected a member of the State Legislature. Mr. Dilworth was iioted for philanthropic anld generouLs deeds. Perliaps'no niore fitting tribute to his character in this respect could be adlduced than thle subjoinecl quotatio3n frolil a letter to the press, written by onle who was benlefited by his geinerosity: "Ailother place of great interest to me was the residence of the late William Dilworth, Esq. About fifty years ag,o, Mr. Dilworth, in-ipelled by the sam'e geiierous philanthropy wliich characterized Ihis after-life, built a school-house on a part of Iiis fam, employed a schlool-teacher, whom he boarded ini his OWI1 faimily, and reqLuestecl the iresideiits of the hill aiid thle near country around to sencl their c;hildrein to thle school. He not only requested the cbildren of the poor to attend free of eliarge, but he also bouuht them the necessary bookis. I was of that elass, and nearly all the school traininu I ever received was froml books boug,ht by Ihim, and in. a school-house built at his expense. In n-iy yo-unt,er days, I did not fLilly appreciate the great blessin-t he bestowed on n-e, but siiice I bave reachecl more maUture years, I have.always entertained the liveliest feelings of gratituLde toward bimn aiid his family." The above quotation will find an echo in many hlearts to-day, for there are mlany who owe similar obligations to Mr. Dilworth as these which callecl forth the grateful utterances of the correspondent referred to. The deep respect in which Mr. Dilworth and his estimable wife were always held was beautifLilly illustrated on May 8, 1867, the occasion of their goldenl wedding. From iiear and far poured in the friends of the family; a few the friends of their youth, but mnostly those who had learned to know and love thern in later y-ears. The extensive circle of family relatives, who cam'e to pay the tribute of filial reo,ard to tlle vei'lerable couple, tended much to enihance the interest of the eveint;- and beautiful indeed miust have been the retrospect of a half-century of the joys and sorrows incident to so loiig a wedded life. But a few years changed the scene; for on the 18th of February, 1871, Mr. Dilworth departed this life, full of years and honors, and in the full assurance of a blissful immortality. There is a consolation to those he loved and was comlpelled to leave behind him in the knowledC,e that, after a long, useful, and blameless life, he went heince like one who, wearied wit-h temporal thing,s, " Wraps the drapery of his couch about him, And lies clown to pleasant dreams." And so, too, the poet offers consolation in his assurances that "There is no death; the stars go down To rise upon some fairer shore, And, bright in heaven's jeweled crown, They shine for evermore. And ever -near us, though unseen, The dear immortal spirits tread, iFor all in God's great universe Is life. There are no dead."HISTORY OF ALLEGHENYs COUNTY, PEiNNSY LVANIAe 189 Mr. Eichbaum, but a general outline only can we present, and that at the earnest solicitation of his inany friends. A portrait of Mr. Eichbaum adorns our pages elsewhere. JAMES H. HAYS. Amiong tbe truly represeiitive men of Western Pennsylvania, who withiD a late periodl have passecl away, few', if aiiy, were more intimately associated with the. material development of this part of the State than James H. Hays, tlhe wvellkilown coal operator. Mr. Hays iiot only witnessed the transitionl of a little borougfh into one of thae largest anid most pirosperous cities of the land, of a thin settlemeiit into a. busy and populous coiniiunity, of a1 semi-wilderness into a highly fertile and productive re-ion, but in his own person typified.so admilrably the agyeicies wbich wrouffht these chan,es, that no history of Allegheny County would be complete witbout some sketch of his life, labors, and ebaracter. Thoug,h now removed from the field of his successful exertiolns aiad interesting experience, the impr-ess of his enterprise, activity, and commercial sag,acity and moral force will long remain upon the memory of those with wlioni he mingled. Mr. Hays was partly of Scotch and partly of French extraction. IHis iinmediate ancestors were settlers in Eastern Maryland, wbence, towards the close of the last century, they moved across the mountains to Pennsylvania, aind finally located near Pittsburgh. The subject of this bio,,,raphy was born in Mifflin Township, Allegheny County. His early life, like that of m-ost of our successful businiess men, was one of close application, self-reliance, and self-deiiial. He taug,ht school aild wvorkedl at the cooper's bench until be reachedl bis twenty-eighth year, when he em:balrked in the coal tracle, becoming the pioneer- in that now iinmense industry, which in a measure forms the basis of the prosperity of Western Pennsylvania. Wtith the details of tlle coal trade MUr. Hays nllade bimself rapidly and thorouLghly falmiliar. Accuirate kinowledge, an enterprisino, disposition, and a quick m-ereantile apprehension einabled him to extend his operations with the best results, until, at the time of his death, in the latter part of March, 1S76, his was the most extensive capital emnployed in the business, aild thle estate he left oine of the wealthiest in Allegheny County. The good fortunle which attendecl Mr. Hays in all bis transactions WclS not in ainy sense accidental. It was a necessary conseqluence of untiring industry, good inlanagement of Ihis interests, and, above all, of a firm, uncoimproiiiising spirit of personlal honor ancl integrity. F or this latter quality he WclS pre-eminently inotecl in the cominmunity ill which he lived, andc incleecl not less wheresoever or writlh whomlsoever he hacl dealings. When he beganl trade, the specul tLtive tendency wliieli lias so conspicuously marked the conduct of mercantile pursuLits in this country of late years was comparatively unknown, capital was limited, machinery relatively uncldeveloped, business principles few and simple, and the stanldard of individual rectitude severer than we find it in our day. Hard and persistent labor, diligence, punctuLality in fulfilling engag,ements, anld, to use a tirite, but expressive phrase, "square dealing" were then the prime-we riiiht alinost say the onlyfactors of sucicess. These Mr. Hays possessed in a remarktable degree. His naime was from the first alid to the last continued a sylnonym for excellent judgmenlt arld stelrlinlg honesty. He iievrer hazarded the money of others ill doubtful or dangerous specuLlations, and, dying, left it in no man's power to say that he had ever wronged himi the value of a cent. This is hit,h testimony, but it is only a reflex of the prominent facts in Mr. Hays's history; and wliat to the strange reader may seem peculiarly the language of eulogy, will be readily recognized by all wlio knew him as a mere plainl alid uncolorecl statement of the salient poinlts of his character and features of his coinmiercial career. WVe could cite the evidence of the whole press of Pittsburgh, buLt will merely reproduce here a closing extract from a writer in the Business Guide of the week followiillg Mr. Hays's demise: "W\e nevrer thougyht it ri-ht to speak in terims of undue conimendatioii of ally mian, be he ever so lo-Ld in his prlofession of reliuion; we bave alwvays admired honesty anid modesty, the ch-aracteristies of a truly good man, and which will claimn tlhe admiration of all whose adinirationl is desirable. The loss of Mr. Hays will be felt by every man in the cominllunity wher-e he has resided for seventy-six years; worthy nien may take his place, but few7 can fill it as well as he did. In his daily life, in his associatioins with his fellow-man, he was never knlown to exalt Ihimself by humiliating others. The hurnblest mlan in his employ could meet him on the comumon ground of equality aind feel. that he had rights that were respected, however humble his lot might be. In all his transactions Ihis views were clear, his judgment good, and his honesty uinflinching." The extensive business left by Mr. Hays at his deathl is manaoed by his two survivtino, sons, Colonel Henry R. Hays and John S. Hays, to whom no higher t.ribute can be paid than ill saying that they possess many points of their father's business qualifications and personal character, and are altogethier admirably fitted by education and experience for the positions to whic;h they h-avTe beenl callecl. WILLIAM EICHBAUM. This gentleman was born in Burgundy, France, on the 25thi of June, 1787. He was the fourth son of William Eichbaum, a gentleman well and favorably idenltified with the earlier history of the glass-mtanUf:actUriMg business of Pittsburogh and vicinity. In 1797, wben but ten years of are, the suLbject of this sketch accomipanied his parents to Pittsburgh, from the banks of the Schuylkill, inearly opposite the present site of Fairmount Water-works, Philadelphia, where his father had settled in 1793. He received his education at the school kept by one Nicholas Kerr; and at the ag,e of fourteen was appirenticed to Zadoc Cramier, and after serving a term of seven years emerg,ed forth a practical bookbinder. Such was his proficiency in the business, that at the close of h-is apprenticesbip be was admitted into the firnm as a partnet-, and its style from thence became Craiiier, Speer Eichbaum. It was then the priiicipal bookbindiffi, establishiment in Pittsburgh, and hacl coDnected with it a printil)-office and book-store. This partnersliip continued until 1816, wlien it was dissolvecl by the withidrawval of Mr. Eichbaum, who thein associated himself with MIr. Samuel R. Johnston in the business of booksellin-, printill-, and bookbindling, and tbus becaiine t-he founders of the well-known bouse of William G. Johnston Co., w.hich for a score of yeairs past bas done business on Wood Street, this latter -firm beiDng composed of the sons of th-ose who, in 1816, became asso'ciated in business. A year prior to the forimatioii of the origfinal copartnership Mr. Eichbaum bad married Miss Rebecca Johnston, a sister of his partner. We may mention that this union was ain extremely happy onie. For fifty-one years the couple lived bappily touether, and celebrated a quiet and joyous golclen wedldint, about eighteen mnontbs precedinog the death of the venerable husband ancl father. His widow stil rnlans,and at the age of eighty-four retains all of her superior faculties, and enjoys the mnost retentive memory of aDy post-octogenarian of either sex with whom we bave ever become acquaintecl. Her intellig,ence and intellectual abilities, conmbined with her extraordinairy recollection, conspiire to miake her a regyular walkiin-, encyclopsedia of bistoric informatioii. We gratefuLlly acknowledge ourselvevs indebted to lier for very valuable assistance in the coimpilation of th-is work, aind eariiestly trust that she may -yet live many bappy years, surrounded by the ripened associations of rnore than three-fourths of a century. But to return to Mr. Eichbaum. The miost iimportant public service that be was engag,ed in was the creation of the Monongahela Slackwater, now controlled by the Monongahela Navigation Company. His until-ing zeal and eminent foresi,bt did moire than anythin-, else in bringing this vast project to a successful issue. To hiiln and his veneralble coadjutors, Messrs. Thomas and John P. Bakewell, Morgan Robertson, and Alfred Curling, is mainly due the success of the most inmportant enterprise for the general comn-ierciall and business prosperity of Pittsburgh ever contemplated or completed. He was, in recognitioni of his valuable services ill the premises, honored with the position of the first President of the company after its pernianent org:anization. Mr. Eichbaum enjoyed the coDfidence and esteem of the public to a marked degree. From 1822 to 1833 be lheld the position of Postmaster; and it was duriDnt the occupancy of this office that his generous anld accommodaltin- disposition won for himl that endurinf, esteem which he continued to eiijoy through life, and which is even now oftentiilies gratefully attested by several of' the venerable recipients of his kind attention. He was elected and retained in the City Councils in each branch as long as eli,ible, and then transferred by the votes of the people alternately for twentytwo consecutive years. In 1S58 he was elected City Treasurer, and beld the office until his decease in 1866. This office he lield as a token of affectionate reg,ard of the citizen voters in his dec'linin-, years. Perhaps no fitter tribute to his worth can be adduced than the following, para-r aph from a fi-iencld, published in one of the local papers pl'iOI' to the inunicipatl election in 18115: *'In MrL. Eichbaunl we present a fine old gentleman, wlio wears that nanie cas be does the crown of silver hairs that hoiior his head, as a part of him, as sometbing, necessary and natural to bim. If it was the last act we ever had to performl we sh-ould feel that we had done a duty as pleasin, as it would be rigbt in depositint, our bcallot for Mr. Eichbaum a niacn who lias seen this city gl'OW Up f'roiii nothin,,, whose name and fticmily and alll is identified with its growvtli and its good name. We do hope to see him have a tremenclous majority, andi to see our friends everywhere rallyinu, nobly to his support. EIle is a mant thalt deserves the place he is runnin(y for." In politics Mr. Eichbaum was a Republican. In reli(lion he was liberal, but inclined to the Presbyterian faith. He died December 30, 18636, in the eig,htieth year of his aU,e. His memory will e-ver remain green in the hearts ofa a numerous cirle f fiens,and of the public -,enerally, by his exemplary character, and by the m-aiiy noble traits of his disposition. In a sketch like the above, we are debarred fi-oin enterin- into the numerous iliterOStiD-, episodes of a Ion,, useful, aDd busy life. A volunme could be wi ittenl ofCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. from the Great Meadows came in and informed him of Washington's condition. Putting the traitor under guard, with a promise of death or reward, as his story should prove true or false, De Villiers pushed on in pursuit. On the morning, of July 3, the French appeared and opened fire at long range upon the work, which, under the direction of Captain Stobo, had been put in as good state of defense as the time would allow. Washington at first formed his men outside the works, as if to offer the enemy battle; but failing to draw them from the timber, he withdrew into the fort. The defenders were now in a desperate situation. With only a few worn-out horses, and provisions for but fou r or five days, surrounded by a numerous and confident enemy, their condition was discouraging in the extreme. Fortunately, the French had no artillery, or defense would have been madness. A desultory warfare ensued and continued during the day. The enemy poured in a galling fire from the covert of the woods, to which the garrison responded as best they could, but with very little effect. The rain fell in torrents during the entire day; but an irregular fire was kept up until dark, soon after which (about eight o'clock) the French requested a parley; but Washington, fearing, it might be some artifice, for the purpose of examining the fort, declined, when the request was repeated, with the desire that an officer might be sent to them, under an engagement of his safety by M. de Villiers. Upon this Washington dispatched Captain Van Braam, the only person who could speak French, except M. de Peyroney, an Ensign, who was severely wounded. Van Braam returned twice with inadmissible conditions; but the third time brought terms which were accepted. According to this agreement, as it was understood by Washington and his, officers, the garrison was to March out of the fort on the following morning, with the honors of war, drums beating and colors flying, taking everything they possessed, except their artillery, and to retire without molestation from the French or Indians to the inhabited parts of Virginia. As all their horses. and cattle had been stolen or killed during the siege, they were permitted to secrete their heavy baggage and return and get it, upon condition that they would not attempt any settlement at any point west of the mountains. The prisoners taken in the skirmish of May 28 were, to be returned, and as a surety for this article Captains Van Braam and Stobo were delivered to the French, to be retained until the prisoners should return. Captain Van Braam acted as negotiator and interpreter for Washington, and he has been severely handled by many writers upon the supposition (not without some evidence) that he purposely deceived his commander by mis-translating the, terms, and especially that part relating to the death of Jumonville, which a literal rendering makes assassination. But it may be that an imperfect knowledge ofthe French was sufficient excuse for the misunderstanding. Washington's losses in the Virginia regiment were twelve killed and forty-three wounded. Captain Mackay's loss was never reported. M. de Villiers stated his loss at three killed and seventeen dangerously wounded. Completely worn down and exhausted, the sorry command of Washington filed out of the works on the morning of the Fourth of July, 1754, and, carrying their wounded, made the best of their way to Will's Creek, the nearest point where they could obtain supplies. Some writers state that a body of Indians fell upon them soon after leaving the fort and commenced plundering their baggage, whereupon Washington ordered everything which they could not carry upon their backs to be destroyed. According to some authorities, Tanacharison was much displeased with Washinogton's management of this campaign. "He said he took it upon him to command the Indians as his slaves, and that he would by no means take advice from them. That he lay at one place from one full moon to another, and made no fortification at all, but that little, thing upon the meadow, when he thought the French would come up to him in open field. That had he taken the Half-King's advice, and made such fortification as the Half-King advised, he would certainly have beaten the French off. That the French had acted like cowards, and the English like fools; and that he (the Half-King) had carried off his wife and children, as did other Indians, before the battle was begun, because Colonel Washington would never listen to him but would always be driving them on to fight by his directions."~ The French destroyed the works and commenced their return march to Fort Duquesne. At Gist's, on the 5th, they destroyed everything, and burned the Hangard at Redstone on the 6th, and reached Fort Duquesne on the 7th, having, as De Villiers says in his Journal, " destroyed all the settlements they found." The hostages, Captains Stobo and Van Braam, were taken to Fort Duquesne, where, on the 28th of July, Stobo, at very great risk, wrote the following letter, inclosing also a plan of' the fort, which he sent to the English by an Indian named Mono. Concerning this affair, Washington wrote soon after, I fortunately escaped without any wound; for the right wing, where I stood, was exposed to and received all the enemy's fire; and it was the part where the man was killed and the rest wounded. I heard the bullets whistle, and, believe me, there is something charming in the sound." This letter was written to his brother, and was afterwards published in the London Maqazine, where George II. probably saw it, and thereupon dryly remarked, " He would not say so if he had been used to hear many." Upon being asked many years after if he had ever made the expression, he answered, gravely, " If I said so, it was when I was young."* The news of this encounter was carried by the Canadian before mentioned to Contrecoeur, at Fort Duquesne, and immediate preparations were made to take summary vengeance on Washington and his troops. The Indians friendly, to the English foresaw at once that they were involved by the action of the Half-King in taking part in the surprise of Jumonville, and they immediately began to flock with their families to Washington, who at once proceeded to strengthen and enl'arge his fort at the Great Meadows. About this time he heard of the death of Colonel Fry at Will's Creek, which event left him in chief command of the expedition. According to some authorities the engineering, work of Fort Necessity was superintended by Captain Robert Stobo, and under his direction the work was put in the best possible condition for defense by palisading, ditching, etc. Expresses were sent back to hurry up the artillery and reinforcements, and every preparation made for a vigorous defense. On the 9th of June, Major Muse arrived with the remainder of the Virginia regiment and the swivels and ammunition. The two New York companies, and one from North Caroina,failed to arrive and on account of the peculiar religious principles of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, nothing whatever was done by that Province. Washiington used every exertion to prepare for the Crisis; he sent Gist out to try and get the artillery hauled forward by Pennsylvania teams, but only ten of the small guns (four-pounders) in use in those days got as far as Will's Creek. Washington also tried to have a council of the Indians friendly to him called at Redstone, but did not succeed. On the 10th of June he was joined by Captain Mackay with the South Carolina company; but the high-toned gentleman bore a king's commission, and would not receive orders from a provincial Colonel. He kept himself aloof and encamped in a separate place, and would not allow his men to do any work. To avoid difficulty, Washington put Mackay in command of his fort, and with his Virginia troops, the swivels, a few wagons, and stores set out on the 16th for Redstone, working the road as they went. On the 27th of June a party of seventy men was sent forward under Captain Lewis to endeavor to cut a road from Gist's to the mouth of Redstone; and Captain Polson was sent with his company to reconnoitre. Meanwhile, Wash-' ington advanced to Gist's settlement with his headquarters. Scouts were kept continually in advance, and they frequently reached the vicinity of Fort Duquesne itself, so that Washington was fully informed of all the enemy's movements. These brought information that on the 28th of Junee a strong French force, accompanied by a considerable number of Indians, in all amounting to from eight hundred to one thousand men, had left the fort for the purpose of attacking Washington. This force, as a special favor, had been placed by Contrecoeur- under the command of M. Coulon de Villiers, half-brother of Jumonville, killed in the skirmish of May 28, who wished the opportunity of avenging his brother's assassination as the French claimed it to be. They went up the Monongahela in pirogues (big canoes), and on the 30th came to the Hangard, at the mouth of Redstone, and encamped on rising ground about two musket-shots from it. This Hangard (built the last winter by Captain Trent as a store-house for the Ohio Company) is described by M. de Villiers as a " sort of fort built of logs, one upon another, well notched in, about thirty feet long and twenty feet wide."t At this juncture a council of war was held in the camp of Washington, at which it was resolved to fall back to the Great Meadows, and if possible continue their retreat over the mountains. But on their arrival at the Meadows it was found that the number and condition of the horses would make it impossible, and they concluded to make a stand and fight it out in the best manner possible. Hearing that Washington was intrenching himself, M. de Villiers left his stores, pirogues, and heavy baggage at the Hangard, and made a rapid nightmarch with the expectation of,surprising, the young " buckskin colonel." The French commander had been told that Washington was fortifying, at Gist's; but on his arrival there, on the morning, of the 2d, the gray dawn revealed only the half-finished fort. The disappointed Villiers, supposing Washington to be on a rapid retreat, was about to return to Fort Duquesne, when a cowardly deserter 26 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY t Lossing and Patterson. Patterson's History of the Backwoods. Lossing, and also Monongahela of Old. t Monongahela of Old.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COU7NTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1'90 Durini this period of his life, his innate qualifications and powers for business had their fullest development and play. The sterling integrity, the sound judg,nlet,n the markecd ability, the untiring energy, the ceaseless indLustry, and the comprlehensive views of n-en aiid thiilgs naturally belongino, to him, -founcl in the conduct of an ever-grlowinoC, and extendinc- business a true field for their fullest development, and placed hilm in the front rank of business men, whose counsel and advice was constantly sou,lit, alcd whose abilities nlarked him, in this as in other spheres of life, as a leader. In IS405 he allied himself with thle order of Freei-iasons. To its precepts and tenets he was enthusiastically devoted, and soon became one of its chalnpions, one of its iilost zealous advocates, and one of the most eartiest propalgators of its sublinie principles. With a steady peirseverance in this as in all his undertakinms, he advanced to the very highest degrees, and held, at the tinie of his death, the position of Deputy Grand MIaster of Pennsylvaiiia. Hllis zeal and influence were lar,ely instruiiental in se-uLiinu the erection of a Mlasonic Temple in Pittsbui-gh; and for a number of years he was president of the Masonic Funcl Society, ancl was ever active in piromotingt plans for the practical diffusionl of the benefits to be derived fioin the Order by the widows and orpllans of poor and worthy Masons. W\Tith hiiii ilasonry was a priileiple and a practice ratlher than a tlheory aild mere pastiine. His reli-ion was part of his life. At an early age he gave his heart to God, and consecrated hin-self to his service. In profession a Presbytei-ian, he was liberal and tolerant towards other evangelical denominations, and recognized every true Christian as a brother, by whatever other name he miight be callecl. A deeptoiied piety eharacterizecl the every-day actions of his life, a large-hearted charity led to acts of benevolence to the poor and the unfortunate, and a careful st-Lcly of and a familiarity with God's word led to a conscientious observance of the divine precepts. Thus his life was a living epistle, known and read of men. In social life he attracted to himself many friends by his genial disposition and his liberal hospitality. He was the projector and one of the principal promuoters of a social literary club called the " Philomathic," whilh continued for severlal years to afford literary entertainment to a large circle, and to extend a kinclly social intercoulise through the neighborhood in whiTh he lived. In the spring of 1S58 he was prostrated by a severe and threatening illness, out of which he emerged slowly, and by the advice of his physician i-nade a voyage to Eui-ope. He spent nearly a year abroad, with marked benefit to his health, and on his returnL felt g-eatly invigorated and ready for the active duties of business life a-ain. Continuing his usual close attention to business until 1859, the chrolnic disease of the throat, which he had successfully held in check for soiue tiile, be an to assume a, more agravated forn; notwithstanding the skill of the best physicians, it took stronoer and stLonger hold upon himi until, in the spr-ing of 1860, he was obliged to relinquish all attention to business and to reco,nize the fact that life was draywing to a close. But the stern messenger of death had no terroirs for himn. His faith was anchored within the Veil, and his rich store-house of biblical knowledge fulnislied him the grouiids of a well-founded hope of an in-imoi tality beyoncl the grave, and sweet assurance of an eternal rest in the mansions above. He diecl July 3, 1S60, and was buried in- the Allegheny Cemetery with llasonic honors. In summing up and leavino on record the prominent traits of his character, we find hin, as a business man, inclustrious, ener-etic, self-reliant, prompt in nieeting engaCaements, truthfLul in all his relations, punctual in the performance of duties, with integrity above suspicion, with filmness of purpose, soundc in judg-nent, and with great decision of chariacter. In domestic life we find him firm yet gentle, clecided yet-not severe, cheerfLil, affectionate, and indulgent, and ever active in making his home tasteful and attractive. In social life a, dignified yet genial companion, a siilcere friend, and a trusted counsellor and adviser. In religious life a pure, true Christian, and an earnest worker in the Lord's vineyardl. Considerin- hiimself as God's steward, he renemnbelied that the poor we have always with us, aind dispensed freely of his nieans for their benefit, wliile the charitable ilnStitutiOlls in our midlst found in hiln a constatit and warii fiieidcl. Takei- all in all, his character was most symilnetrical, an example of busiiless probity, social inteurity, and religious sincerity, worthy of imitation, and a safe example for the young men of' the present day to follow. (See portrait.) ALEXANDER SPEER. This gentleman was born June 25, 1808, at Meehaanicsbur-, now called Verona, a thriving towil oil the Allegheny Valley Railroad, situated on the Allegheny River, about ten iuiles fi~on Pittsburg,h. In early life Mr. Speel followed tlle river navigatioii as a business, having mnadle his first tI'ip to New Orleaiis about the year 1832, aiid every wvinter subsequent, until 18-10, he madc a regular trip. JAMiES WV. HAILMAN. - To record the virtues of those Who hlave preceded us, to recount the pathiway they trod, the disappointments they sur-mounted, the vieltories they aehieved, and tlhe tiriuihplis they won, is both pleasant ancl profitable to those who reriain upoll the seene of actioli, and still talie part in the drania of human life. The recoicd of a puure and tliue life furnishes a pattern and an exaiiiple to the young anil rising -eneration, an encourauement in times of despondency, and a stimulus to higher and nobler aims. The life of which we now wi-ite was one suih -a pure aiid upriOht ehllaracte, and a safe exanlple foir survivors to follow. Jaiiies WVorkman Hailman was born Noveiuber 8, 1809, in WVashington County, PIcnnsylvania, ancl was the oldest of a famniily of three children. He lost his fcather ivhen about four years of age, at which time the falnlily moved to WCashington, Peiiiisylvania. Thei~e iiiuch of liis youtli was passed, and tlhere he enjoyed tlhe only oppol~tulIity for aqtuiring an education which he hacl. Early in life he realized the fact tlhat by Iiis own efforts he niust make his way in the world, and at the saine time maake provision for an aged niother and a youni,er blother and sister. This necessity curtailed his opportunity for see-Lring a thorough education, and caused hii, at the early a,e of sisteen, to,accept a position in a country store in WYcaynesburg, Pennsylvania. Here his industry, his energy, and his innate abilities be,an to develop, and in the intervals of daily cares and responsibilities lie supplemented his education by stuclyii,ir the classics and the higher branches of mathernaties, as well as familiarizin, himself with the standard authors of the day, in the perusal and study of their works. His expanding powers ledl him in a few years to aiin at a wider sphere for their exercise; and at his suggestion his eilployer opened a house in Pittsburgli about the year 1835, and intrusted to himn thle nmana-ement of tlhe business. His suceess justified his own anticipatiores, and with a view of enlarging and extending the business, he entered ilitO a partnership with a Mr. Hood, under the firm name of Hailman, Hood Co., for the tr~aisaction of a wholesale grocery and commission business. This partnerslip nwas dissolvecl by the death of )Ir. flood, but, tle business was continued unilder the narne of J. W. Hailman Co., by associatin, with him J. R. Blaine, who had narliied his sister. In the year IS33 he married Mfiss Miary Linclsey, of Greene County, who died in DIMarch, 1837, leavini, an only child, a son. His busirless steadily pr-ogressecl and enlarged under his skillful mnagenlient, and through his energy, industly, and perseverance. In 1840 he becaiiie associated with his cousin, J. W. Burbriclge, now a leadin, meiehant of New Orleans, under the name and style of Halilnan, Buli-brid(e C@o., ancl in 1841 it was deemecl expedient by the firlm to establish a house in Baltimolre, which was accordinDly clone, and _IM. Hailman went to Baltimore to take chanre of' the business, takinl witli hini his family-he havin- a short time previous niarried Miiss Cathariiie Anslhutz. This project iiot meetin- the expectations of the partners, the business in Baltilniore was closed up, aiid Mr. Hailillan retuined to Pittsburglh after ain abseDce of about one yeal. His health having become somew7bhat inlpaired by longcontiilued and close application to business, he purehased a few acres of ground in what was then WAillkins Towinship, but now the Tweiltieth WValcl of the city, aiid for about a year appliedI himself to atgricultural life, with ilarked benefit to his health. In 1843 he again eimbai-kel in the wholesale grocery busiiless, il conneetion with John F. Jennintgs and J. R. Blaine, under the namne of 11,ailnian, Jennings Co. In the,reat fil~e of 1845, this firm, together with the maljority of other business houses in the city, was buirned out. With characteristic energy, however, they gathered up the fragments of danllaged and uniljjurecl goods, and formed a temporary busilless place in tle house with Mr. C. G. Hussey, oil Liberty Street, until their own place of business was rebuilt. At this juneture an important business chan,e occurred, whichi ave an entirely ielw direction to his business life, and resulted in closin- out the grocely buisiness entirely ancl the formation of a new firm for the ilaiu-Lfacture of carria,e springs, axles, and steel, composed of William Coleman, J. H. Hailmln, Jno. F. Jennings, and Samuel Hartman, uncler the name and style of Coleman, Halilman Co. He thus became one of tlhe pioneers in this co-Lntry in the manufacture of steel, a tracle which bas since expanclecl into colossal proportions, and in which this country is now independent of Eniland. This firm be,an business in 1846, in a small factory on St. Clair Street. They soon after purchased larg,erwolrls on the baniks of the Alle,heny River in the old Fifth Ward, and added to it a rollin,-mill for the manufacture of iron, and carried on the several branclies of business together. The interest of Messrs. Jennings Hartnia was disposed of to Messrs. Kramner Rahm, the name of the firm reniainin, unchan-ed. This firm then continued, constaiitly increasin" and enlarging their business, aud attainiing a well-earned reliutation and a wvidely-extendled fame, until 1859. At this time Mr. Colemlan retilecl, ancl Frank Rahm. and Geo. W. Hlailnian bein, aclmitted, the fii-n was chanted to Hailmnan, Rahm i Co., and so continued until the death of the senior partner, July 3, IS60.` In 18416, Mr. Hoeveler started in the rnanufacture of glue and fertilizers in whlat is now the Twentieth Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, and subsequently established the famous Franklin Glue Works, wbich were located in the Seventh Ward of Allegheny City. He coDtiDuecl the two businesses for a nuniber of years, but his chief interest at the tinme of Ihis cleath, aiid for sorlle time pi-evious, was ill the glue-works. In 1850 MIr. Hoeveler married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. William O'Leary, a promiinent citizen and oine of the eairliest flinlt-glalss manufacturers ill Pittsburgh. Amoiig the Duinlerous entei-prises which owed their orig,in inl a larrge iiieasure to tlie exertions of Mr. Hoeveler illay be ifleiltionecl the German National Bank, of which he was the first president, a position he lieldl very acceptably unitil the timie of his cleath. The institution h-as a capital of two hluDdred aiid fifty thousatnd dollars, andc it.s averag,e deposits are eight lhundlred thousaDcl dollars. I-T was also one of the original incorporatoirs of thle Germian Fire Insurance Company, tlhai which nonie stancl higher in the public estimnatioii. Hlis contnection as one of the foundcers of the Iron City Brewery, allCd of the planinlt-ilill llOW operated by B. Schmidt Co., reflected vecleit UpOii Ihis businless abilitv allcd enlterprise. Anilong, the nionuinents that mnark Mr. Hoeveler's shlae ill the dlevelopm-etit of' Pittsburgh are a iiun-iber of substaliltia stores, resicleinces, etc., wliiech he built ctt Vail'OUS periodcs dui-in, bis exterided businless cal-eer. Ill reli-,ion, Mr. Hoeveler was a Roman Catholic, alnd his beinevoleDce with reg,ard to reliogious aiidc cllcaritable iristitutions was a well-estabDlisl-ied fact. He WclS lai-gely inlstrurrne.ntal in tho. eilectioin of the illcagniificenit saclred edifice of St. Augustine, at Lawrenceville. He, also took cl cleep aiic'd lastinl,l iliterest in the German Catholic Orphans' Asylum, of. which lie wals for iiiaiiy years one of tile trustees. Ile was libei-al-iiiitldecl in iiia tters of faith, buit while he always adh-el-ed to the dcl;ti-ines of' Catholicism, in wbich lie was broughrlt up, there was nothin(,, of a bi-oted natur e inl Ilis d i.sposition. I-e was honor able in all Iiis dleal-, inmrs with Iiis fellow-lllcan, ancl was liever kiiown to fail in ai-y busirless engagemnent. He was one of th-e first in Pittsburgh to estabiish tlle system of subvljclividig property aiid siup -lyirlg inlechanies anld laboi-ers with lots whereon to erect for themslves orne, ivinl, theim all the timie they requirecl to pay for the sa-ie; never goinog to extrelue n-ieasures with aiiy person tlhus purchasinn- their hioiiles of him,i as m-ore thani one lhunrcled niow owninut tlheir own property can testify. I-Ie always priclded hinilself in miakiii, I-lis wordc as good,as his bond;- aicl his clharacter was in every respect above reproach. All wbo knlew biim; speak ill COII1niendlatioii of Ihis genleral wsorth. Mr. Hoeveler clied DOeRember- 20, 1866) in the fort -sixth year of his age. GUSTAVE A. THUMM. Gustave A. Thumm was borin oii tile Sth- of Mav, 1829, at Gondelsheim ill tbe Grand Duchy of Baden. HiSs parenlts h-aving rerllovedl to Bruchsal wlhile he wvas yet a youth, he eil-teredl tl-ie Normal School there, at wlhiih he receivedl his rudlimlentary edcluationi, coimpleting tlhe samie in the very excellent collegiate iinstitute, at the above-iiarmied towii. Ile gracluatedl from both school andcl ollege with hllilh lhonors. In 1844 lie was appr-elticedl to Keller Co., wlholesale druggists, in Heidelberg, where he servecl f1tithlfully for five years, ancl etlnerged a first-rate drluggist in every particular. At th-e outbreak of the i-ebellioil ill the sprint, of 1849, he warmly espouLsed the cauLse of freeclom, aicd joified a r'ebel regiment as pi-ivate, ancl took part in thle meinorable bloody engagemenets tblat characterized that bold buLt unsuccessftul strike for liberty. The rebellion being" supIpressecl in A-ugust of the same year, lie, with inaiiy otlhers, was exiledl, aind hacl to seekS safety in a foreign counatry. Oii the 30tlh of October he embarkSed at Havre, oil the good ship " St. Dennis," for tl-iat country wlhich -l as beeni aptly desi-gnatecl "1 the land of the free ancl the honie of thle brave." After a stormiy passage of foulr weelks hei reached New York, where he in-ade but a brief stay; leavin-r for the WVest, aiicl reaclhin-, Pittsburgh where h-e peri-ianeiitly settled, oln the Sth day of December, 1849. IHere lie got a positioii as clerk in the grocery store of R. Hoeveler, oin Wylie Avenue. He com-t nicineecl on thle basis of prudleiiee aind ecoinomy, and in three years hacl saved enoug,h to embarkS in business oni h-is own acco-Lnt, wlhiich he clid in 1852, ptircliasin- the grocery store of Jacob Keil, in what was then knowni as Reisville. He carried on busiiness there until 1857 jin the mean tintle, however (ill IS55), he bout,ht of Mr. McGinnis tlhe brick block located on the coriner of Fifth Avenue and Pride Street, in. which: lie opened an extensive grocery anid feed store. His lhealth failing by close ancl unrleuittin- attentioni to buLsiiness, hei sold ouLt in 1866 to C. Whitehead, and weiit to Europe to recuperate. After a SOjOUl'll of' seven monlths he ret-Lrnied, greatly iniproved ill bealth, anld retirecl to his estate ill Oakland, to enljoy the fruits of an active aiicl well-spent life. Ill Juiie, 1858, be inarried Miss Jacobena F., foutlit daughter of Conrad M. In 1845) ill connection withi Samuel Hall, he ei-ibarked in tlhe manufatuetre of plows, under the style of Hall Speer. This copartinership existed uiniiterruptedly until severed by the death of Mr. Hall, in 1855. That genitleman's iinterest was retainecl by his heirs until the 31st of July, 1873, whleii it was conveyed by purchase to Mr. Speer, anid the firm became Alexander Speer Sons, by whorm the business was conclucted until the deatli of Mr. Speer, which occurred in May, 1876. The title of the firm remains unchangecl, the elltire business beini- left to the sons of Mr. Speer, by whoin it is now successfLillly earlriecl on. In order to show the growtlh ancl progress of the Globe Plow Works, aild tlhe very rapid development of an ex-teinsive industry, we quote the followinig brief sketch of the establishmlent, with the accoiupanyint, statistics: "The Globe Plow Works is one of the largest plow-manufactories in the country anld is a fair represeiitative of Pittsburgh's industi-ial growth. The workzs werqe establishedclincaily half a ceiitury ago, in the year 182S. During that time they have been continiuously in operatioli. The ol'igiilal actoi'Y was a ollestory fraiare builcling, wvitlhout. a foundrly, and occupied a space of tweinty feet by oiie hundred feet." - Such was the niucleus arouind which lhas gr own the pr esenit lalrge busineiss.'The works iiOW occupy two hundrIed and seveinty by two hunldred and forty feet, or over an acre andc a hlalf of grouncl, and is a two-story brick structure, witlh a fo-Lilndry ancl a cupolaI of two thousaiid tonis' capacity. The founclry floor oce-LLpies a space of one hunclrecl by one h-undrled and twenty feet. The blacksmith-sh.ops and finishing-rooms are two-storyT bli-ik bu.ilclings, sixty by two hunclrecl ancl seventy feet. The store-roon-i floor, which is in the SeCoDCI story, is sixty by two hundredl alncl thiilty feet. Fromn eigllty to oDe huindllecl haiids ai-e employed, and sometimes more. The quality anid acceptability of the plows macle at thlis establishiment is certified to by the fact that, beside takiint, a meclal ancl cliplomia at the World's Fair, at Hamburg, in 1S63, anid a mnedal at the London exhibition of all nations, in 1851, they have cai-ried off golcl ailcd silver inedauls ancl diplonias at muore than tliirty State-ancl county flairs in as niainy years in the United States. The wa,'es paicl to the employees of the works will average fifty thousancl clollars aniiually. The establishmueit will consume fifteen hunclrecl tons of piog imetal ye-trly, thirty tho-Lsaiicl dollars' worthl of wood, three buiCldred tOllS of steel, five 1luniiclrecl tons of ironi, aiid prodclue plows, cultivators, and similar agricultural iniplements to tlh- number of ninety thouscmcl, lliaving, a value of iiot fcir fromn half a million of dollars. The capital in maclhiinery, grounclls, and buildin^,s is about two hunclred thousailcd dollars." WVe iinsert the above to demuonstrate the facet, that to develop as extel-sive a business as the Globe Plow Works required a lartge amount of? eiiergy, enterprise, and busiiness ability, all of which qnalitie.s Mr. Speer possessed to a markted deg,ree. IHe was practically conlversant with tile entire details of the buLsiness, and being an indefati,able worker, and regu-Llarly attending the works, and supervising ever-ything coiinectedl with them, h-is iiidustry aicl tact lecl to the very flattberin- results exlhibitecl by tlle above historical ancl statistical sketch. rThe dleath of Mr. Speer leaves an irreparable voicl in tlhe manufacturinlg ancl inclustirial circles of Pittsburgh, ancl oiie wlhicli is,sensibly felt by the community wvitlh wlilch he was closely identifiecl. Upon bis son.s has devolved tlhe dcluty of in1 a lart,e mleas-Lre fillin- the place made vacanlt by Ihis clecease. And we bave ino doubt but tlhat thiey, liavin-, been traiiied by Iiis experieilceed aiid extensive knowledge, will colntinue to condluct the bulsiniess ivith the ability that lias characterized its niana-,ement, in the past. (See portrait.) AUGUSTUS HOEVELER. Per-haps no foreign elemenlt has contributed imore to the developnment or exIhibitecl more enterprise to einhance the prosperity of Pittsburgh thani the German. Therefore it is very appropriate aincl it gives us pleasure to chi-onicle a brief sketch of onie of the most proniinent citizens of Germnal extraction that ever hiad aloing ancl useftil resideilce in the " Iron City." We refer t;o Mr. Augustus Hoeveler, whose portrait aclorns our pa-,es elsewhere in this work. Mr. Hoeveler wvas borin Mareli 26, 1820, at Ankum, in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany. He receivecl his education ill his native tOWll, fi-om whence he, with his mother and brothers aicl sisters, emiigrated to America when in Ihis seventeenth year. They settled in, Pittsburgh, wlhere a brother hacl previously located. The subject of this notice first eirlbarked in the grocery businiess, in connection witli two of bis brotherls,' Clemence and William Hoeveler, both of whom subsequently became well-known citizens of Pittsburgh. After a few years tlbe business connection forrllerly existin, between the three brotliers Nvas iii-Ltually clissolved, ancl Augustus, then but a youth, establislhed a Iiine of wao,"OS wbich'ran between Pittsburgh aiid Butler County, ftLriiishin, the counLitry stores wvith groceries, the niaiin establishmlenat behin, located inl Penn Street, Pittsburgh and several branel-i liouses were operated by hiiii in. various parts of Butler County. 191 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUiNTY, PE,NNSYLVAN7IA. - 192 practiced by the roads under the control of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for the past decade or more. Mr. Severance, after thirty years' experience as a manufacturer, and for mnore than oine-third of thalt period as a sufferer to a certain extent by the injustice of the railroad imoiiopoly, has come to the conelusion that tlle unfair difference in freigbt is detrimental to the best interests of Pittsburgh, and that the onily sure salvation is the constructioin of a rival roald. He thlerefore ptirposes, with proper co-operatioii fi-om those who are equally or more largely interested, to build the road above inentioned, whiclh will be contriolled ex:clusivrely by Pittsburgh. It remains to be seen whetber the laudable endeavTors- of 3Ir, Severance to enhance the present and, future prosperity of Pittsburgh will nieet witli the encourag,ement that so important an undertakinu merits. JAMES THOMSON. One by one thle old pioiieers of Pittsburgh are departing,, and soon n1one will be left to recount the eveiits of the distant past. WYhen a mail dies who has speiit ni,,h three-quarters of a century here, wlhose recollections carried him back through the vista of time to when Pittsburgh was a mere stra-,,lin, villa-e, whell the questioni of her subsequent graind success was a problem beyond the solutioin of her comiparatively few citizeins, to a time before a single manufacturing einterprise of any prorninence existed, the thinking portion of the. cominunity are led to reflect, and to appreciate the importaince of preserving- and transmitting to posterity the history of such a mani. The late James Thomson comes wvithini the bounds of the foregoin- remarkSs. He was amiong the few who lived to s3ee the rapid rise and vast progress of Pittsburgh, and was personally and intimlately coninected withl its manufacturing, interests. He lived to see the place -row from a snmall community of about five thousaild persons to a great city, with its nn-anifold products crowdiilg, the markets of half the continent. By his skill, his industry, anld his einterprise, he cointributed in no small degree to the development ot those branlches of trade -wbich have made, Pittsburgh renowned as a manufacturing centre. James Thomson wvas of Scotch descenlt, his granldfather, Alexander Thomson, of Glasgow, lhaving settled in Cumberlaind County, Pennsylvania, in 1771, ill that part subsequenitly erected into Franklin County. There was a large fmily of' children, and sorne of them, with their descendants, became emiinenit iin civil anid political life. The subject of this biography was tl-le soin of Archibald Thomson, and was born in Franklin County, in' December, 1790. In 1812, at the age of tweny-to, le arle Wst,and settled ini Pittsburgh, where he resided duriii, the remainder of bis long and useful life. He suLbsequently mnarried Elizabeth, daughter of William Watson, native of Pittsburgh. From 1S12 to 1825a he carried on the watch-making and jewelry busiiness, on Market Street, and was succeeded by W. W. Wallace. He soon after eiltered inlto partnership with Samuel Stackhouse, and eno,a-ed in the business of engine-building, which they carried oii under the firm name of Stackhouse Thomson, on Short Street, until the dissolution of the -firm in 1839 or 1S40. Being out of business, Mr. Thonison was iniduced by a number of his fellow-citizens to become a caiididate for Mayor, a position to whiich he was elected by the people, and filled durin-, the year 1841, the official termn -beinog lirnited to one year. After the expiration of his term he entered inito partnership with Mr. Joseph Tomlinson, and for soiiie time they carried on the business of engine-building, on property adjoining the Pittsburgh Gas Works, where thley built several iron steamships for the United States, one of them being tlhe "Allegheny." They afterwards moved their shops to Duquesne Way, whlere they carried on the imanufacture of railroad, freighlt cars for some time. After the dissolution of the firm of Tomlinson Company, in 1853, MIr. Thomson was elected engineer of the Pittsburgh Gas Company, which position hle held until 1851, when fa-ilint, health compelled him to resign. Not wvishin- to lose the services of one so faithful and competent, the con-ipany continued him as consultinf, engineer until the spriii- of 1875. He died in August,:1876, in the eighty-sixth year of his ag,e after a long, life fruitffil in the best results to the community in which he lived, and universally respected and esteemed by his fellowv-citizenls. (See portrait.) W. W. Thomson, Esq., the well-known attorney, at presenit (1876) representing the Fourth Ward in the Conmmon Council of the city of Pittsburgh, is a son of the late James Thomson, and in his business relations possesses many of the prominent traits of character that made his father honored and beloved. Being, enterprisin-, and practicing, integrity in his professional duties, he is deservedly popular and much respected in the community in which hle lives. anld Mary Kaercher, a citizell well and favorably known for his ener-y aind b-Lisiness eniterprise aiid geniial mlanners. Mr. Kaercher died in 1866, leavint, a wvife and isr chidlel (oe sn-ad four daughters, all of whoi-n are n-larried) to niouL Ihis loss. He was aii affectionate hu-Lsbaiicl aind a kind fa-ther, and a friend to all wlio were in need. Mrs. Thumm provecl a clutiful wife to the one she now survinTes aincl a fond m-other to his children. Mr. Thumm died on the 13th of Mlay, 1876, at sunset, in the forty-seventlh year of his at,e. He left a wife and seveii chiildren (five SOIlS and two daughters). He was a truly represenitative Gitizaii, an upright b-Lsiiiess mali, aincl a true Christiaii. The leadiiio, characteristics of his life were hais integ,rity, his iilldustr, andl Ihis einterprise. By h-is death the comnuuliity lost ain ornarnint, his family a kiild aiid iiidulgfent husbaiid, father, aiid frieiid. Buit the coiisolation embodied ill the following, lines still reinailns to thema: Thouogh Sori'lOW filled the pa.rtingr hour, Anad iiielllory livres it o'er; They knoiv the dear oine livreth yet, "Not lost, but goine before." [See portra-it.] LEVI SEVERANCE. Levi Severance, the founder of the maiitifactory of rivets for boilers, tanks, etc., a notice of which will be founid uncder the heacl of "1 ranufacturin- interests" elsewhere in this work, was born in Vermont in 1792. He received a very good education in his inative towvn, the best that could be afforded in those days, which was long prior to the organization and establishmient of tlle present comnplete and admirable system' of general eduication. In early life he learned the trade of a blacksmitb, aind also that of'a nail-nmaker. In 1825 he canme to Pittsburgh, crossing the mnountains, in a wa;,on. There he settled,and invented tlle first spike and, rivet-makin;, miachiine used in this section of the country, lhaviii, thorou;,h-ly perfected aind patented it. Th-e prejudice agaitist macliineiacde spikes, which foriiiei-ly existed, soon gave way before the introduction of thl-is inovel anid useful iiiventionl, and it sooin won for itself the notoriety tlle inlventor designed it should. At first there was but one machine started, tllat witlh wbich he comlmenced business in IS32; but he was soon iDduced to build.others, such was the demnancl for spikes. During an epidemuic of Asiatic cholera inl 1854 Mr. Severance waz attaclked, aind tlhe disease terminated fatally. His cleatli was miuch lamnented by a larg,e circle of friends, particulalrly in the n-ianufacturinl, ancl business portioni of the comiunulity. I-lis son, SAMUEL SEVERANCE, the present proprietor of the establishlent founded by tlle above-named ogentleniann was born in Pittsburgh in 1831. WVheni but eight years of age he comiiencecl to woirk in bis father's luanufactory, where h-e soon learned all the practical generalities and details of the business so inecessary to a sucicessfuLl prosecution of th-e bsame; and wlhen called UpOIl to assume the mlanagement of the business lie was perfectly fitted for the task. Froiii the lhour he commienced worlk be gave Ihis wlhole time to the employnient, aind never went to a day-schiool, but availecit himself.of the advantages of evenihu instruction with commenclable success.'He lhas been repeatedly tenldered offices of trust in the city, but lias never accepted any, preferriDg to clevote all bis time to ttie busineSss, so as to develop one of the miost important industries in the country, as is imost unquestionably the manufactulre of a good rivet, upon whicii so mnuch in tlhe security of life ancl property coinstantly depends. From the or,anizationl of the Penn Banks of Pittsburgh unttil Noveimber, IS75, be was onie of its directors, and at the resi,,nation of Hon. J. H. Hopkins, present member of Congress, he was elected president of that Mr. Severance takes a zealous anid comiinendable interest in public affairs and inilprovements, as is evinced by Iiis persevering einterprise in the construction of the Duquesne Inclined Plane, which ascendls Mount Washington at the end of the New Point Bridge. This project will prove an inestimable boon to a large inumber- of the workmen employed in the various mailufactories at the base of Mount Washington, and wlho reside upon t-he summit or on the other side of it. He is at piresent (August, 1876), and has beein for soine nionths past, engfa(,ed in agitating the question of the constructioin of a railroad from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvailia, to Youngstown, Ohio, to be called the " Pittsburgh Northwestern Railroad." When completecl it -will connect with mlaiin trunk lines east and west, notably with the Atlantic Great Western anld the Lake Shore Michigan Southern Railroads. The object of this eniterprise is to protect the nianufacturing and commercial interests of Pittsburgh from tlle ruinous discriminations in freialit over Pittsburgh in fa-vor of otlier cities comparatively, which bave beenI COUiNTY, PEiNNSYLVAiNIA. 1901-1 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY ye ar previous), to assist h-im ill the erectioli of a rolling-mlill for Mr. Isaac Meason, who liad soliie forges at that place. Mr. George Lewis, being a practical roller and roll turner, turned tlle rolls, anid superinteticled the erection of the roll depar-tiiient. The works were coiiipleted, anl started ill September, 1817. It had been predictedl that the rolling of iron would be a failure. All tlhe iron manufacetured previous to tlhis tiine had been fort,ed under a haminer, whlich was a very slowv process. The predictioni -proved false1, fr it was at this inlill tlhat the first balr of iron was rolled in this counitry, tlhe opel-ation being successfLully per-fornied by tlhe Lewis brothers. The various departiiierlts of this inill were all under the ana,laement of thle Messrs. Lewis, whose positions were distributed as follows-: Thomas C. Lewis, engineer; George Lewis, Sr., roller; Samuel Lewis, heater; James Lewis, catcher (all brothers); Samuel C. Lewis (son of J. C. Lewis), now a resident of Pittsburgh th-en a boy was the " heave-up." The subject of this skieteli took. charge of the m-ill, and continlued to man(age the mechlanical departmrent of it uiatil 1819, when he caine to Pittsburgh to takle chart,e of the rollin- atlid turning dlepartn-ient of the works then bein, erected on, the bank of the Monongahela River, oli the site now occupiecl by thle Pennsy1vanlia forge, then called the "Union Rolling Mills." Mr. Lewis cointinued ill the maniag,ement of thlese workis till the year 1823, whein lie gave up the situation aiid wenlt to Maryland, to take chlarge of anld coniplete the "Gunpowder Iron-Works," belongtinlg to Mr. Ridgeley. He took with himn a full set of hands froin Pittsburt,h whomn he had trainecl ill the var'io-Ls branches of the, tradle. The only niode of crossin,g the niountains theii was by the slow process of " road wagons." His famnily not enjoyingr good health, and he, bein-, earnestly solicited to return to Pittsburgh, h-is brother, J. C. Lewis, then in that city, consentinff to relieve him in the mlanacenient of thlese xworks, Mr. Lewis returiied to Pittsburgh ill 1824, ai-id formed a partnlership witli Reuben Leonard, ancl erected wliat wvas then callecl the " Dowlais Iron-Works"' on the idenltical site of the Kensington Iron-Works, iiow operated by Henry Lloyd, Son Co. T'lie planlt at these works consisted at first of a refinery, two puddling-furnaces, oiie heatirng-furnace, and a set of bar rolls. The want of capital, ancl other disappointmtleiits, ea-Lused hirn to withdraw from the enterprise in IS26, to accept a situation at the Sligo Works, where-he took charge of the mechanlical departmenlt. He remained in this position until about 1828,, when he resigned in order to take charge of the wor'ks then being erected by Peter Schoenberger, in Bayard's Tract, now the Fifth Ward of Pittsburgh. About 1830, H. S. Spang Son, of Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, purchased a shovel and sickle factory at Pine Creek (now Etna Borough); the works were enlarged to include the man-Lfacture of bar and sheet iron, and nails, usinlg the blooms from their forge in Huntingdon County. Mr. Lewis was engag,ed to take charge of the rolling and turning department of the w'orks, wlhiich position he filled until about 1840. In this year he took sick, and, after a somewhat protracted illness, he died April 6, 1 841. He was regarded as one of the best mechanics of his day, and such was his reputation, that he was applied to whenlever tlhere was a new mill to be erected, either to take charge or to furnish the plaiis for the sarne. His services were also solicited fromn all parts of the country to furnish new rolls, ready turned for use, or to fuLrnish the drafts fromn which they were to be made. At h-is death, Mr. Lewis left a wife and seven children, of whom only two (sons) survive,. Messrs. James C. ancl L. W. Lewis, now of the firm of Lewis, Dalzell Company, of whose establishment a notice is given under the head of " Manufacturing Interests, elsewhere inl this work. The Messrs. Lewis are botli practical iron-manlufacturers, the former bein-, also, at the present time, President of the Western Iron Association. The Rev. William Collier, D.D., was born amid the romantic scenery of the classic Potomac, at Hagerstown, Maryland, oil the lith of May, A.D. 1803. He early in life evinced a desire for reli-ious knowledg;e, and, in his fourteenth year, professed Christ publicly, and soon after united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, with-in whose pale he bore himself so coinsistently and withal so earnestly in the ea-use of his Divine Master that he received a call to proclaim the glad tidings of great joy, and was liceiised to preach in 1822. He began his pastoral labors in Pennsylvania, aDd durin-, a lonig and eventful Christian pilgriimage be carried the bread of life into m-any portiorls of the " Old Dominion, preaching, like St. John, literally " in the wilderness." The bills and vales of West Virginia bear witness of solemnn duties faithfully perform. ed, and the shadowy glens and far-reaching valleys of " My Maryland" sball long remember his iiiipassioned eloquence. Subsequeiitly he labored with great success in the Master's vineyard, inore receiitly -planted in Ohio, and even carried h-is labors out upon the vast and sea-like prairies of Illinois. As an appreciation of valuable services, he received the bonorary degree of D.D. froiii Waynesburg College, Pennsylvania. He retired froml tlhe regular pastoral work in 1874. (See portrait.) GEORGE LEWIS, SENIOR. The history of the establisbiment of a iiew iicdustry in any section of th-e wor-ld is generally so initerwovein witli the lives of a few individuals that, ill relatilig the h-istory of their lives,wegv at the samne tirne the histoiry of the ii-idustry withl which they were connected. This is reniarkably truLe of the rolling-mill industry in the United States. Its establislhmenit was largely the result of the intelligence, skill, and perseverance of one famaily, a sirlgle iiiei-ber of wliich, Mr. George Lewis, Sr., will be the subject of the present sketch. Mr. Lewis was essentially the pioineer in the mlechanical department, n'ot only in the first mlill buLilt, but, as will appear below, in a nun-iber of the early rollingmills in Pennsylvania and Maryland. George Lewis, Sr., was born in Merthyr, South Wales, January 12, 1788, caild, after serving an apprenticeship to the iron tracle in his native country, he emigrated to America in 1816. This was at the timlewheii England forbade by stringent laws the emligration of any forl-a of skilled labor, and so tboroughlly were the laws, oil this subject executed, that all nmanner of devices were resorted to to escape detection and got to America, where great induceiiients were offered skilled mechanics. A frien'id of Lewis, who was niot himlself a meel-anic, secured passage for America, aild for som-e reason coulId niot ffo. Mr. Lewis purchlased this ticket and assumed his name, and in this way escaped detection. In late years I-e would somnetimnes describe the scene after the vessel had sailed into the streamn, and a customs and. police officer canie aboard to see if any of his majesty's loyal mechanlics were runliniig away. As each oile was compelled to register, lie was known by naine at least, and, as the roll of passengers was called, each one stepped frorn one side of the vessel to the otlier, beling'inSpected by the officer as he passed. Mr. Lewis safely endured this inspection under his assumned name, his wife anld child following,z him the lnext year. Arriving at New York, he proceeded at olice to a -place called Plumsock, situLated midway between Connellsville and Brownsville, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, where he joined his brother, Thomas C. Lewis (who had crossed the ocean thetaint Joseph M. Kinkead were from Pittsburgh. The regimient was niustered into service April 25, 1S61. The Washington Infantry, Captain T. A. Rowley, formed the basis of this reoiment. Three of tlhe principal officers had seen service in the Mexican war. The regiment was drilled constantly for six weeks at Camp Scott, near York. It was attached to the Fourth Brigade, First Division of Patterson's Army. The division weint into cam p at Williamsport, where it was engaged in buildling a redoubt for Captain Doubleday's battery. Subsequently, it was detailed to guard the linle of coirun-unications to the rear. A newspaper was establislhed in the camp, called thle Pennsylvania Thirteenth. Their tilne, fromn this date, was niostly taken up in doing fa-tigue and picket duty about Charlestown and Harper's Ferry. Mustered out August 6. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. Company K was the only one in this regiment from Allegheny County. The regiment went into camp at Lancaster, callledl Camp Johnston. General J. S. Negley was in command of the post. It was engag,ed alinost enltirely in drilling, scoutiing, and reconnoitering in Northern Virginia during its term of service. THREE YEARS' SERVICE. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. Company G was the only one in this regiment from Allegheny County. This regiment was at the battle of Falling Waters during the tbree-rnonths' service. The command left Camp Curtin for Baltimore on the 27th of November, 1861. From Baltimore it was ordered to Washington, April 10, 1862. On the 15th it was reviewed by President Lincoln. Soon afterwards it was stationed alon, the Manassas Gap Railroad for some time, and also along the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. The division was reviewed on the 23d of May by President Lincoln, accompanied by the French Minister, and General Irwin McDowell and staff. The regiment saw some fatiguing service in the Shenandoah Valley and about Manassas in June. It was at this time attached to the Second Division, Third Army Corps, under General John Pope. It was engaged in the battle of Cedar Mountain, on the 9th of August, when it had tlhree men wounded. From Juine IS to 22 it was skirmishing with the advance of' Lee's army, and lost onle kzilled and three wounded at the crosSsin, of the Rappahannock oln the 22d. On the 27th of August Lieutenant Hopper joined th-e regimuent witb fifty-oine recruits for Company G. In a sharp action at Thoroughfare Gap Company G suffered severely The regiment was engaged in the desperate battle of the 30th of Augfust at Bull Run, and lost fifty-two killed, sixty-seven wounded, anid seveiity-five prisoners, ancl was present at the Chantilly fight, where tlhe gallant Generals Kearney and Stevens were killed. At the close of Pope's campaign, the Eleventh went into camp at Hall's Hill near Washington. In September it was again. in the field, and at the battle of South Mountain lost two wounded. Three days later, at Antietam, Septeniber 17, it was hotly engaged, and lost twenty-seven killed, eighty-five wounded, and two prisoners. On the occasion of J. E. B. Stuart's raid to Chambersburg, the latter part of October, the regiment was on picket duty about Hagerstown and Sharpsburg, and subsequently marched to Warrenton, Virginia. THREE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS. THIRD REGIMENT. The only company belonging to this regiment was Company I. The regiment was made up of independent companies. Oliver M. Irvine, of Pittsburgh, was major. The command arrived at Harrisburg April 18, IS61. It was stationed for a time at Cockeysville, Maryland, afterwards at Harper's Ferry, and its services were mostly confined to guarding traiins durinlg its term of enlistment. MIustered out of service July 29, 1861. FIFTH REGIMENT. Companies A, B, and K were recruited in Allegheny County. R. P. McDowell, of Pittsburgh, was elected colonel. This regiment was mostly stationed aroun'd Washington during its termn of service, working upon tlhe forti-fications and doing guLard duty. A printing-press was with the regimenlt, ancl the boys issued a paper called the Pennsylvania Fifth. Durinog the battle of Bull Run it was at Alexandria. Mustered out July 25, 1*61. SEVENTH REGIMENT. Companies A, B, E, F, and K, of this regiment. were recruited in Allegheny County. Lieutenant-Colonel 0. H. Rippey took the regiment from Harrisburg to Chambersburg, April 23, 1S61, where Colonel Irwin sooii after took commaiid. Tlle reffiment remuainedl h-ere in camp until the 15th of May, drilliDg constantly. At Chambersburg the ladies preserlted the regiment with a stand of colors, in a neat speech, which was gallantly responded to by Colonel Rippey. The commnand was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, Patterson's Arimy. On the 25thi of June they bad a brisk skirmzish with the rebel cavalry, in which the latter lost six men and three horses. The division crossed the Potomac on the 2d of JuLly and marched to Martinsburg, where they captured, amiong other property,, one hundred and fifty barrels of whisky. On the 7th of July Captain Gerard and Lieutenant Enright, of Company F, capturecl thiree mouLnted pickets of the enemy. The remainder of their timle was occuLpied in camp duity and reconnoitering. TWELFTH REGIMENT. Companies A, B, C, D, I, and K, of this regiment, were recruited in Allegheny County, and organized at Pittsburgh under the supervision of General James S. Negley. The Duquesne Grays and Independent Blues formed the basis of the organization. The Zouave Cadets and City Guards were also included in this regiment the remainder were new men. David Campbell, colonel, and Alexander Hays, major, were from Pittsburgh. The regiment left Pittsburgh, April 24, 1861, for Harrisburg where they were reviewed by Governor Curtin. They were musterecl iinto the service April 25, and were encamped at York for several weeks. On the 25th of May theyT were stationed along the3 Northern Central Railroad, with Headquarters at Cockeysville, Maryland. Their services were mostly confined to guarding the railroad. They were mustered out August 5; 1861. Major Hays entered the three-years' service, afterwards was promoted to brigadier-general, and fell, gallantly fighting, at the Wilderness. He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. Eight companies of this regiment, A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and K, were raised in Allegheny County. Of the field officers, Colonel Thomas A. Rowley aDd Adju194 -i\ - LT - I- - N r I --lo -j I ) WITH, t 0COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Middleburg on the 26th. In an engagement at Salem the regiment lost three killed, ten wounded, and nine prisoners. Again on the 14th of April lost two men killed. On the 25th of April Colonel Geary was promoted to brigadier-general, and Lieutenant-Colonel De Korponay to colonel. An elegant sword was presented toF Colonel Geary by the Twenty-eighth, as a mark of esteem and respect. At this timle the regiment was attached to General Banks's division. Manoeuvring and skirmishing continued through General Pope's campaign, in which the regiment. suffered only slight loss. It was present and engaged at the battle of Antietam, where it captured two guns and five flags and lost two hundred and sixty-six men. Lieutenant-Colonel Tyndale was severely wounded. On the 21st of October the division defeated the rebel cavalry near Wheatland, Virginia. On the 28th of October Companies L, M, N, O, and P were detached from the regiment and put in the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Pennsylvania. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT (EIGHTH RESERVE REGIMENT) Companies B, C, and E were from Allegheny County. This regiment was formed from companies recruited for the three-months' service, but not accepted. George S. Hays, M.D., of Allegheny, was commissioned colonel. Dr. Hays bad been for some years connected with the Duquesne Grays, an independent company. The regiment reached Washington on the 23d of July, 1861. It was placed on duty at Great Falls. Soon after, crossed the Potomac to Langley with the main army. At this point it went into winter quarters. In the spring it was assigned to General McDowell's corps. W7hen the Richmond campaign was organized, this regiment was included and proceeded to the Peninsula. It was despei-ately engaged at the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, and lost nearly one hundred men. In this affair Company F was captured on the skzirmish line. In the battle of Gaines's Mill, June 27, the reg,iment had eighteen men wounded. At the battle of White Oak Swamp it lost sixteen killed and fourteen wounded. It was also at the battle of Malvern Hill. Its total losses during the campaign were two hundred and thirty men. Along, with the bulk of McClellan's forces, it was transferred to the army under General Pope in Northern Virginia. In a skirmish on the 28th of August it lost two killed and six: wounded, Adjutant Swearingen severely. It was almost constantly enga,ecl through the Bull Run campaign, during which it lost five killed, seventeen wounded, and thirty missing. At the battles of South Mountain and Antietam it was again under fire, losing twenty-nine killed and thirty wounded. In the destructive battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, it lost twenty-eight killed, eighty-six wounded, and twenty-two prisoners. Adjutant Ingraham and Lieutenant Miller were among the killed. On the 8th of February, 1863, the reserves were ordered to the defense of Washington, and the regiment remained in the vicinity until the spring of 1864. It was engaged at the battles of the Wilderness, May 5 and 6, where it lost six killed and twenty-seven wounded, and in skirmishes from the Sth to the 15th it lost three killed and sixteen wounded. Its term of service e:xpirin-, it was mustered out Ma!y 24, 1864. THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT (NINTH RESERVES). Of this regiment eight companies were recruited in Allegheny County. Colonel, Conrad F. Jackson. On the 22d of July, 1S61, th egmntwsodrdo Washington, where it was mustered into the service oin the 28th. It was sent from Washington and placed in the camp of reserves at Tenallytown, under General McCall. Here it worked on the fortifications and did picket duty, and went into winter q-uarters with the Potomac army, October 9. On the 15th of March, 1862, the camps were abandoned for the coming campaign. The regiment followed the fortunes of McClellan in the Peninsular campaign, where it suffered its full share with other gallant organizations. At Mechanicsville it was highly complimented by General McCall for good conduct. It was engaged during the memorable retreat to Harrison's Landing, particularly at Gaines's Mill. Witlh other reserve regiments, which were the last to leave the Peninsula, it was sent to the assistance of General Pope, who was desperately contesting the advance of Lee's army towards Maryland. The Thirty-eighth was in the bloody battles of August 29, 30, 31, about Bull Run. In four mnonths its losses amounted to onehalf its original numnbers. It was in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, and lost in the two engagements twenty-six killed ancl one hundred and five wounded. " A most singular fatality fell upon the color-bearers of this regiment. Sergeant Henry W. Blanchard, who had carried the regirnental colors throuigh all the storms of battle, was a most remarkable man. In the fiercest hours of battle he was perfectly calm, never shouted, cheered, or became enthusiastic, but steadily bore up the flag. At the battle of New Market Cross-Roads, when every color-bearer in Was on fatigue duty at Aquia Creek in November, guarding government stores. It was actively engaged in the bloody battle of Fredericksburg, in December, and lost fifteen killed, sixty-six wounded, and five prisoners. Three color-bearers were struck down in this battle, and Colonel Coulter was severely wounded. The Eleventh took part in the famous " Mud March," January 20 to 25, 1863. It was engaged in the movements about Chancellorsville, and did good service at the great battle where Hooker was so disastrously defeated, in the beginning of May. When the grand movements commenced which culminated in the battle of Gettysburg, the reginment followed the fortunes of the army and took an active part. Its losses in this greatest battle of the war were fifteen killed, fifty-nine wone,and sixt -four prisoners. It was actively engaged in the pursuit of Lee's army, and followed into Virginia, where it encamped at Waterford on the 18th of July. It was afterwards stationed at Liberty, where it saw considerable skirmishiDg with the rebels, and lost one man wounded at Mine Run, November 29. In December the army went into winter quarters. January 5, 1864, two hundred and four of the Eleventh re-enlisted as veterans and went home on furlough, where recruits were added, bringing the regiment up to five hundred and ninety men. At the expiration of its furlough it rejoined the army at Culpepper, Virginia. Plunging into the wilderness, it saw heavy fighting, losing on the 5th of May, 1864) -fifty meii killed and wounded. Again on the 6th its losses were severe, amounting to one hundred and fifty-seven killed and wounded. May 8 it was engaged with Hood's veteran division and lost a number of men, amoDg them Major Keenan, commanding regiment, who was killed. From the 8th to tlhe 12th it was actively engaged about Laurel Hill, and from thence on to Petersburg. It was soon pushed out to the left and found itself near the Weldon Railroad, one of the enemy's great lines of supply. Fromn the 18th to 21st of August it was heavily engaged, losinog two killed, sixteen wounded, and seventy-four prisoniers. During the latter part of October and fore part of November it was on an expedition to Hatcher's Run. In September it was reorganized. Up to this time it had lost during the campaign over five hundred men. In the fore part of December another move was made on the Weldon road, where it lost one wounded and two missing. John B. Overmeyer was promioted to major and placed in command of the regiment early in 1865. Had a sharp encounter with the enemy February 5, in which the rebel general Pegram was killed. From the 5th to the 10th the regiment lost nine killed, sixty-nine wounded, and nine missing. It was again engaged on the 30th of March, and was in constant service from that time until the close of the campaign. This regiment never lost its organization from the date of its first enlistment in the.three-months' service. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. Company L was the only one from Allegheny County in this regiment. Captain James Barr was its first commander. The regiment was mustered into the service June 28, 1861. There were fifteen companies in the original organization; in the aggregate, one thousand five hundred and fifty-one men. A battery was formed from the surplus recruits of the regiment, and organized as Knap's Battery. It was armed with four steel guns, presented by Charles Knap, of Pittsburgh. Ten of its companies movecl to Harper's Ferry July 27, wbere it was brigaded under Colonel George H. Thomas, and was engagecl in picket duty alont, the Potomac for a distance of twenty-five miles. On the 15th of September, in a smart skirmiish, the regiment captured two guns and two mortars at Pitcher's Mills. Encountered the enemy again on the 24th at Point of Rocks. In both these encounters the rebels were handsomely beaten. There were minor skirmishes at Berlin and Knoxville. On the 16th of October the brigade gained a victory over Ashby and Evans at Bolivar Heights, for. which they received the thanks of the President and Secretary of War, and were higbly commended by General Banks. On the 30th the rebels were repulsed in an attempt to crOSS the Potomac. Skzirmishing, was frequent. through the month of November along the Potomac. On the 31st of January, 1862, a rebel flag was captured at Point of Rocks. The brigade crossed the Potomac on the 24th of February at Sandy Hook, and drove the enemy from Bolivar Heights. February 28 they crossed the Shenandoah and captured Loudon Heights at the point of the bayonet. Skirmishing and qLuite. heavy fighting around Leesburg, in which the rebel General Hill was comlpelled to evacuate all his positions. On the Sth of March ninety prisoners ancl a train of supplies were captured. Skirmishing at Snickersville on the 12th, and on the 14th Ashby's Virginia Cavalry was defeated. The next day the enemy were driven from Snicker's and Thoroughfare Gaps, and Gainesville. Three hundred rebel cavalry were repulsed at196 t;he division was eitlher kiilled or wounided, hle received a wound in tlhe arm, aiid retired to ba-ve it bandat,ed, returnin- again to blis place in a few monients. At Antietam lie was so severely wounded that the flag fell fromn bis hands, and he was unable to raise it. Walter Beatty, a private, seized the banner and almost instantly fell dead; another private, Robert Lemmon, took the flag fromi the hands of his faillen comrade, a coimpanion calling out to him, I Don't touch it, Bob, or they'll kill youT! The brave boy, however, bore up the banner, and in less than a mninute lay dead upon the ground. The colors were taken by Edward Doran, a little Irishman, who, lyinog upon his back, held up the flag until the end of the battle, and for his gallantry was made a non-commissioned officer on the field." In this battle Samuel Johnson, of Company G, captured two flags of the Texas Rangers, and carried them off the field. He was commissioned a leutenant in the regular army and presented with a medal by the Secretary of War for his gallantry. In the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment lost nine killed, twentyseven wounded, and sixteen prisoners. General C. F. Jackson, its first-colonel, at that time in command of the brigade, was killed. Soon after this battle the Pennsylvania Reserves were sent to Washington to reorganize and recruit. The Thirty-eighth was attached to the Fifth Corps during the Gettysburg campaign. Its losses were merely nominal. FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (FIRST PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY). The only company in this regiment fiom Allegheny County was K, Captain Wm. Boyce. This reg,iment was not fully organized as cavalry until Septemnber, 1861, when Lieutenant George D. Bayard, of the Fourth United States Regular Cavalry, wvas appointed colonel, and proceeded to organize and drill the command. It was organized as the Fifteenth Regiment of the Reserve Corps. It was ordered to Camp Pierpont, Virginia, where it was engaged in picket duty during the winter. On the 27th of November, in a skirmish, Assistant-Surgeon Alexander and one private were killed, and Colonel Bayard wounded. The detachment of the enemy was all killed or captured. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Dranesville, in which the rebels were completely routed. April 17 it had quite a sharp skirmish with the enemy, and on the 13th of May defeated a party who attempted to capture a schooner in the Rappahannock River. On the 25th of May the regiment crossed the river and marched to within fifteen mniles of the right of McClellan's army in front of Richmond. It was soon ordered back to Fredericksburg, and sent into the Shenandoah Valley against Stonewall Jackson. fDuring eight days it was constantly skirmishinog with the enemy,-" one long battle between the Confederate rear and the Federal vanguard.' There was severe figfhtingy at Harrisonburg. Severe skirmishing occurred with the advance of Jackson's army on the 7th of Au,ust, and soon aft-er about Beverly Ford and Thoroughfare Gap. Losses: two killed. and two wounded. The regiment was actively engaged during the whole -of General Pope's campaign, and performed a gallant action in saving the Rappahannock bridge under Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor. It was engaged in the terrible battle of Fredericksburg, in which General Bayard, its former commander, was killed by a shell. After this battle it was sent to Belle Plain, into winter quarters, where it was eng,a,ed reconnoitering and forauinu during the winter. The regiment broke camp on the 12th of April for the spring, campaign of 1863. On the 26th a severe skirmish occurred wvhile picketin-, in which three men were killed, and Colonel Taylor narrowly escaped. It took part in the battle at Brandy Station, June 9, during which action the regiment charged upon General Stuart's headquarters, wvhen a hand-to-hand fight took place, and the rebel adjutantgeneral wvas captured. The loss of the regiment was three killed and eleven wounded. At the battle of Aldie, on the 21st of June, the rebel General Stuart was badly defeated. Soon after this affair the regiment was detailed as General Meade's headquarters guard. Was present at the battle of Gettysburg, but not seriously engaged. It joined in the pursuit of Lee's army, and saw some sharp fighting at Shepherdstown and Carter's Creek, IosiDg two men killed and four captured. Was in a skirmish at Muddy Run, July 13?. There was some very severe fighting, on the 14th of October, while the right was acting as rear guard. At New Hope Church there was slharp work, and twenty-eight prisoners were captured by the command. The regiment was engag ed in picketing, along the Rappahannock during the winter. On the 21st of April, 1864, the regiment broke camp for the great campaign,of General Grant against Richmond. The command skirmisbed at Todd's Tavern, Cbildsburg,, Ashland, Yellow Tavern, and at Richmond Heights, near Meadow Bridge. At Hawes's Shop there was severe fighting,, and the regiment expended ei,liteen thousand rounds of ammunition; its losses were heavy. It was unider heavy fire ag,ain at Baker's Mills, and in Sheridan's raid, on the Trevillian road. In a sharp fi,,ht near White House it lost three officers and thirt -five men. Its services were constant and losses severe until the expiration of its term of service, Aut,ust 30. FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT COLONEL JOSEPH T. KNIPE. Of this regiment Companies B and F were recruited in Allegheny County. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, September 1, 1861, and joined Banks's command, First Brigade and Second Division. In the latter part of February, 1862, it participated int a severe action, in which Stonewall Jackson was defeated at Kernstown. General Banks was compelled to fall back, with his force of about seven thousand men, before the powerful army of Jackson, twenty thousand strong. In the retreat from the Shenandoah Valley the Forty-sixth lost four killed, ten wounded, and'three taken prisoners. Durint, the battle of Cedar Mountain it was desperately engaged, and lost thirt-y killed, thirty-four wounded, and six taken prisoners. In an assault on Jackson's batteries it lost three officers killed, and Colonel Knipe and eight officers wounded. It was in the battle of Antietam, and lost six killed and tbree wounded. Captain Bucks was killed. -Colonel Knipe was soon after promoted to brigadier-general. At Chancellorsville, in May, 1863, the Forty-sixth lost two officers and two privates killed, and a number wounded. Major Strouse was killed. It was present at Gettysburg, but not actively engaged. In the fall of 1863, it was sent with the Eleventh and Twelfth. Corps to reinforce the army of General Thomas, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. Its first duty was guarding the railroad between Tullahoma and Brideport. Re-enlisted and took veteran furlough in January, 1864. Rejoined tle army in time to move in the Atlantic campaign.. In the battle of Resaca the regiment was warmly engaged, losing tliree killed and five wounded. Lieutenant Knipe, of Company I, was killed. Again, at Pumpkinvine Creek and New Hope Church, the fiery baptism was renewed; and still agrain at Culp's House, June 22, where Hood was badly defeated. Its last hard fio,htinu was at Peach-Tree Creek, July 20, where it lost ten killed and twentytwo wounded. Among the killed were six officers. The regiment was in the great march in the fall and winter of 1864-65, " from Atlanta to the sea, and from Savannah to Washington. FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. In the ranks of this regiment there was only one company, K, from Allegheny County. This company was taken to the field by Captain J. F. Reynolds. The regiment left for Washington September 22, 1861. On its arrival it was placed in Hancock's brigade, and wTent to the Peninsula with the Potomac army. It was highly commended by General Hancock for gallantry at the battle of Williamsburg. The regiment participated in all the movements of the army during the campaign. Its losses were comparatively small in action, but its sick-list was very large. Returned to the North and took part in the campaig,n in Maryland. Present at Fredericksburg, but not engaged. January 9, 1863, the regiment was consolidated into four companies. At Fredericksburg, on the 20th of April, it lost two killed and ten wounded. The command n-ioved in the Gettysburg campaign on the 7th of June. It was present but not actively engaged at Gettysburog. Had a skirmisli at Antietam Creek, July 14. Hig,hly complimented for services on the 7th of November at Rappahannock Station, where the brigade captured one thousand- six lhundred prisoners, including two brigade commanders and one hlundred and thirty other officers, with a battery and caissons, eigght battlefla,s, and two hundred stand of ariiis. The brig,ade actually numbered only one thousa-nd three hundred men, and consisted of Maine, Wisconsin, New York, and Pennsylvania troops. In the followinu winter two hundred and sixty of the re^imntre-nlstd,and went home on veteran furlou,h. Entered on the campaign of 1864 May 3. Went throu,h the campaign, and suffered heavy loss. On the 9th of May its losses were sixty-four killed, including Colonel Hulings and three other officers, and one hundred and ninety-five wounded. Companies C and E of this regiment were raised in Allegheny and Mercer Counties. The first serious service of the regiment was in the trenches at Yorktown, where a great number of the iinen were on the sick-list. In the battle of Fair Oaks the losses were eleven killed and forty-nine wounded. Major Culp was among the killed.. On the 25th of June several men were killed by artilleryfire. In the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, June 30, Kearney's division was hotly en-a-ed, and the Fifty-seventh lost seven killed and fifty-six wounded. The wounded were nearly all captured. At Malvern Hill it sustained a furtber loss of two killed and eight woundled. Among the killed was Lieutenant Etz. At the time of arrival at Harrison's Landing the reoiment could only mnuster fiftv-six: meni for duty, and had not a single field-officer. It was transferred, witlh the rest of the army, to Northern Virginia, and took part in the campaign of General Pope, bein(, present at the battles of Auaust 29, 30, and 31. At, the battle of Chantilly, Aug,ust 31, the heroic General Philip Kearney was "' History of Reserve Corps.197 SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT-COLONEL OLIVER H. RIPPEY. Companies B, C, E, F, and H were enlisted in Allegheny County. The regiment was organized at Camp Copeland in August, 1861. It was first stationed at Camp Advance, south of thle Potomac, and worked upon the fortifications. Early in Marclh it made a reconnoissance towards Manassas, Iand when the army embarked for the Peninsula the Sixty-first was included in its iranks. Its first baptism was terr-ible, at the battle of Seven Pines, May 31. Its losses amounted to eleven officers and two hundred and sixty-nine men killed, woundled, and missing, which was the beaviest loss sustained by any sinule regiment from Allegheny County in any battle of the war. Amono, the officers killed were Colonel Rippey, Captain Gerard, and Lieutenants Scott, Pollock, and Rhodes. Lieutenant-Colonel Spear and Major Smith were wounded and taken prisoners. Throughout the campaign an d at Malvern Hill it was actively engag,ed, losing at the latter place two officers and thirty-two men. Transferred to the nortb, it was present through the Maryland campaign, but not severely enga-,ed. In tlhe fall of 1862 the reoiment was assigned to the Sixth Army Corps. At the battle of Fredericksburg it was present, but not actively engaged. On the 28th of April, 1863, the light brigade, to which the Sixty-first was attaclhed, carried Marye's Heights by assault. In this affair the regiment lost three officers and seventy-four men. In the battle of Gettysburg it did not take an active part. At the opening, of the campaign of 1864 the regiment mnustered for duty five hundred men. In the desperate battles of the Wilderness its losses in two days were twenty-nine killed and seventy-four wounded, includingf six officers. In a skirmish on the niglht of the Sth it lost one killed and several wounded and captured. On the 9th and 10th it was hotly engaged, capturing, a battery on the 10th, but obligecl to retire; losses in two days, fourteen killed and wounded. Heavy assaults of the enemy were repulsed on the 12th, with a loss to tlle regiment of one hundred and forty killed and wounded, including Colonel Smith and six. officers wounded. The total losses from May 4 to June 15. were thirty officers and four liundred men killed, wounded, and missiDg. The regiment left City Point, Virginia, on the 9th of July, was transferred to Washington with the Sixth Corps, ayid was engaged at the defeat of the rebel General Early inear Fort Stevens, July 11, 1S64. Lost seven killed and twenty-six wvou-nded. It was transferred to the Valley of Virginia, and had a severe encounter with Ewell's corps near Charlestown, in wbich the regiment lost seven killed and eighteen wounded, including two officers killed and two wounded. When the ori-inal term of serv ice expired, the'three-years' men were mustered out and the veterans consolidated into five cornpaniies. The battalion was engaued in the battle of Winchester,- September 19, where it lost twenty-twvo killed and wounded out of one hundred and twenty-eight imen. It was also engaged at Fisher's Hill, but sustained small loss. At Cedar Creek, October 19, its losses were two officers and fourteen men. After this campaig,n the battalion was encamped at Strasburg and was then recruited to three hundred and fifty men. The Sixth Corps returned to Petersburg in December. On the opening of the spring of 1865 the regiment was first engaged against Gordon's division, March 25,- and lost eighteen men killed and wounded. On the lst of April the whole rebel line in front of Petersburg, was carried by assault, and the Sixty-first captured two rebel colors, a wagon train, fifty-two mein, sixteen horses, and three twelve-pounder bronzeguns and caissons. Colonel Crosby was among the kiilled. Its last shot was given to Longstreet's corps at Sailor's Creek. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT-COLONEL S. W. BLACK. Companies A, B, F, G, H, and K were raised in Allegheny County. Colonel Black had been lieutenant-colonel of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment in the Mexican war. On the organization of thle regiment, T. F. Lehman was ch-osen lieutenant-colonel, and J. B. Sweitzer major. Both these gentleiien were fi-om Pittsburgh. The reoiment was first called the Thirty-third Independent Regiment. It left Pittsburgh for the field July 24L, 1861. On the Ilth of Septemnberit rosed he Potomac,and was assigned to the Second Brigade of Porter's Division. Made a reconnoissance towards Manassas MIarch 1(), 1862. On the 15th it mnoved to Alexandria, where it embarked for the Peninsula. On the 3d of April, in a skirimish iiear Hanover Court-House, the regYiment captured eigbty7one prisoners, and lost six men. On tlle 27th of June it was ent,aged lheavily, and lost Colonel Black, killed, and a lar,e nuimber of imen killed and wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Sweitzer was captured and sent to Libby Prison. In the battle of Malvern Hill the reo,iment was commuanded by Captain James C. Hull, of Company H. The, color-bearer, Sergeant Smith, was comnmissionedl for- gallanitry inl this battle. The total losses of the comiiiandl in the Peninsular campaign were two huindred and niinet-y-eight inen. On the return of LieutenantColonel Sweitzer from captivity, he was promnotedl to colonel, Captain Hull to lieutenant-colonel, anld W. G. Lowry to major. Transferred to Northern Virginia it was lightly engaged in the second Bull Run battle, and lost two men wounded. killed, a-nd his body fell into the hands of the enemy. Four' companies of the Fifty-seventh were sent for it, under a flag of truce, and brought it into the Union lines. In the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment suffered terribly, losing, out of three hundred and sixteen men engaged, twenty-one killed, severntysix wounded, and seventy-eight missing. Among the wounded were Colonel Campbell and two other officers. At Chancellorsville two officers and eleven men were killed, three officers and forty-five men wounded, and twenty-three missing. Among the killed were Captain Rice and Liutenant Brady. The regiment part-icipated in the Gettysburg campaign, and lost twelve killed, fortyfive wounded, and forty-seven missing,. Among the killed were Lieutenants Mitchell and Cox, and amonu the wounded Colonel Sides, and four otlher officers were captured. During the pursuit of Lee, and the consequent campaign in the valley of Virginia, it was actively engaged, skirmishing at Auburn Creek, Kelly's Ford, and Locust Grove, and losingf a number of men. The regiment re-enlisted and took a veteran furlough in January, 1864l. Returned. and was actively concerned in the great campaign against Richmond. In the battles of the Wilderness the losses were twenty-two killed, one hundred and twenty-eight wounded, and three missinog. The fighting was almost continuous from this date to the arrival of the army on the James River. In January, 1865, the Fifty-seventh was consolidated into six companies, and soon after the whole was consolidated with the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania. It was engaged at Hatcher's Run, February 5, and on the 25th of March captured over one hunidred pirisoners at Watkins's House. On the 3d of April two hundred and fifty wagons were taken at Sailor's Creek. In a skirmish at this time Lieutenant-Colonel Perkins and twelve men were wounded. SIXTIETH REGIMENT (THIRD CAVALRY). Of this regiment, Company G was raised in Alleuheny County. The company was commanded by Captain O. O. G. Robiinson. The,first wilnter in the service was passed in Camp Marcy, on the south side of the Potomac, near Washington. In the advance -under McClellan towards Manassas the regiment was in the fronlt and was the first to enter the rebel works. It was included in the army which made the Peininsular campaign, and saw severe fighting in front of Yorktown. Was partially engaged at the battle of Williamsburg, but its greatest losses were fro siknes,induced by the malaria of the Chickahominy swamps. During the movement from the Chickahominy to Harrison's Landing the regiment was almost constantly under fire. June 30 it had a severe fight with some North Carolina cavalry, in which the rebels were worsted. The regimnent was also engaged in a sharp encounter, July 31 and August 1, opposite Harrison's Landing. Along with the Potomac army, it was transferred to Northern Virginia anld Maryland, and took part in the battle of Antietam. Soon after it was scouting, anld skirmishiDg with Stuart's cavalry along the Potomac. Inl November, 1862, Captain Robinson was promoted to major. On the 16th of March, 1863, the rebels, under Colonel Fitz-Hugh Lee and Stuart, were rou^,hly handled by the division. The Third Cavalry formed a part of the force with which General Stoneman mrade his noted raid to the rear of Lee's army, in May, 1863. There was heavy fighting, on the 9th of Junie. In tlle famous charge of the " Michigan Brigade, of which the Third formued a part, Julv 3, the regiment lost five officers aild twenty-four men. In this famous affair, the Michigan Brigade defeated Hampton's division of rebel cavalry. The Third was highly commnended for gallantry at Culpepper Court-House, September 13. In this moiith there was severe skirmishing alon", the Rapidan. On the 15th of October, while guardinog the great army train, the command had a roughi fight with Gordon's division of rebel cavalry, in which it lost nineteein killed and wounded. Amon, the killed was Lieutenant Davis. For this service the regimnent was highly complimlented by General Buford. At Parker's Station there waWs heav7y fightin-g, November 26, with the " Stonewall Brigade," in which its losses were twenty-five killed and wounded. On the 29th of October the regiment was attacked, in companly with the Third Massachusetts, by Hampton's division; but they cut their way throu,:h with a loss of tbirty men. Decemaber 2, the command recrossed the Rappahannock and mlade a lively raid after the rebel General Moseby. On the 26th of January, 1864, the regiment was relieved from duty in the line, and ordered to report to the ProvostMarshal General, where it was busily occupied through the Richmond campaign. On the 1 6th of June it served as escort to Generals Grant and Meade in a movement across the James River. The terin of service of the three-years'I men havin- expired, they were ordered to Washington, and the veterans were consolidated into, three companies, and called the "veteran battalion" of Third Pennsylvania Cavalry. This battalion continued through the war in the service, doing excellent duty in various directions; alon,- the Boydtown Plank Road, at Hatcher's Run, and on the Weldon Railroad. Durin-, the fall and winter of 186)4-65 it was recruited to ei-ht corbipanies. April 3, 1865; it served as escort to Generals Grant aind Meade upon their entry into Petersburg, and was present at the surrender of General Lee.27 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. okees.' I wish a peace may be made up between the Catawbas and the nations here; they are much afraid of them. Many would have joined you ere now had it not been for that report. "You had as just a plan of the fort as time and opportunity would allow.' The French manage the Indians with the greatest artifice. I mentioned yesterday a' council the Shawanese had with the French, the present they gave; and if they made the French a speech yesterday, the bearer, who was present, will inform you to what purport. If yesterday's letter reaches you, it will give you a particular account of most things. I have. scarce a minute; therefore can only add one more thing: there are but two hundred men here at this time; two hundred more expected in a few days; the' rest went off in several detachments, to the amount of one thousand, beside Indians. The Indians have great liberty here; they go out and in when they please without notice. "If one hundred trusty Shawanese, Mingoes, and Delawares were picked out, they might surprise the fort, lodging, themselves under the platform behind the palisadoes by day, and at night secure the guard with the tomahawks. "The guard consists of forty men only, and five officers. None lodge in the fort but the guard, except Contrecoeur,-the rest in bark cabins around the fort. "All this you have more particular in yesterday's account. Your humble servant, etc. La Force is greatly missed here. Let the good of the expedition be considered preferable to our safety. Haste to strike. "A list of deserters and prisoners at the French fort: "Mercer's company John Smith, John Baker. Did not get here till after the detachment of deserters. " Van Braam's do. -Barnabas Devin. "Mercer's do.-Jacob Orants, John Ramsey. This man is the cause of all our misfortunes. He deserted the day before the battle.' The French got to Gist's at dawn of day and surrounding the fort, imagining that we were still there gave a general fire. But when they found we were gone, they were determined to return with all expedition, thinking we had returned to the inhabitants, when up comes Mr. Riscal, told them he had deserted the day before, and that the regiment was still at the Meadows, in a starving condition which caused his deserting, and, hearing they were coming, deserted to them. They confined him; told him if true, he should be rewarded, if false, hanged. This I had from the English interpreters. "Mechas's do.-John Stuerdfoges, wounded in the right arm. "Montour's do.-Daniel Laferty, Henry O'Brien, prisoners. Taken at Gist's by an Indian named Enqlish John. "Lowrey's traders-Andrew McBriar, Nehemiah Stevens, John Kennedy, Elizabeth Williams. The Indians offered their prisoners for sale. Inquired the price; forty pistoles for each. A good ransom. "All sent to Canada, in, custody' of the Indians who took them, except John Kennedy; he was given to the Owl to wait upon while his leg was curing. He was wounded with ten others and four Indians. " All are recovering but one, who died after having his arm cut off. Four were shot on the spot. That is all the loss I can hear of. On the 23d, three of their people deserted. I hope they are got with you by this time. I hear more intend it soon.' I spoke to the commander several times concerning the prisoners, telling him as long as we came to a capitulation, to make them prisoners; he told me they were the Indians', and he could not get them from them." As we shall not meet with Captain Stobo' again, we condense a short account of his subsequent career, from Neville' B. Craig's admirable narrative, published in 1854. This narrative was copied from the original in the British Museum, and forwarded to Mr. Craig by a friend in Liverpool, England. Robert Stobo was born in Glasgow in 1727. His father was a merchant of that city. He died in 1740, when Robert was but thirteen years of age. Under the guardianship of friends, he spent a short time at the University when his mother died, and his friends determined to send- him to Virginia, in the employment of some Glasgow merchants. He returned in 1747, converted his property into money; invested it in merchandise, and returned to Virginia. He continued'business for some time; but seems to have been a fellow of such a nature that he did not realize a fortune out of it. In 1754 he offered his services to the Governor of Virginia,'and, as we have seen, followed the fortunes of Washington, as a captain in his regiment during the unlucky campaign of -that year. He had ten servants and a plentiful supply of wines along, and kept open house (or tent)until the affair at the Great Meadows,when he exchanged his jolly companions for the life of a prisoner. Soon after the capitulation he was promoted to major, by the Governor, who kept the position for him during all the long years of his captivity. He was soon after taken from Fort Du quesne towards Canada, stopping at the forts and stations on the way until finally he arrived at Mr. Driscall, in the Olden Time STOBO'S LETTERS. "The Indians are greatly alarmed at a report said to be brought by an Indian named Tuscarora John. He reports that the Half-Kin, Monictootha,* and a Shawanese King, etc., to the number of thirty-seven, were confined by the English and carried as prisoners. That John Meinors, alias Jacob Cork, of Montour's Company told him so soon as they got to the inhabitants they would bang them all, and advised him to make his escape. This was industriously reported the day before the Shawanese counselled with the French and their Indians. The French made them a very long, and eloquent speech, telling then they did not come to make war with any, but the English would not let them alone. That they expected their children would not see their father abused in his old age; but, that if they had a mind to join the English, they might; if not, and to live in peace with all, there were goods for them. This was all I could pick up. The French gave two very large belts of wampum and as many strings. Their Indians gave an equal number. The French gave them likewise a large present, viz., sixteen very fine guns, two barrels of gunpowder, and bullets in proportion, sixteen fine suits of clothes, several of a meaner kind, blankets, strouds, etc. The Shawanese made no answer at that time, nor have I heard they have as yet.'Tis now reported for certain that the Half-King, etc., are killed, and their wives and children given up to the barbarities of the Cherokees and Catawbas of whom they say there are three hundred at the new store. "True or false, it has greatly alarmed them, and had it not been for that report I believe a great many Indians, and of several nations, would have been with you now. If true (which I cannot think), there will be no further dependence upon any Indians this way, and will make our return very hazardous, but that is not to be considered. The Shawanese, Picts, and Delawares have a grand council by themselves; what they have determined, I know not; but I have persuaded some of them to venture to see you, by assuring, them they will be used in the best manner, and there is large presents at the new store. A present well-timed now will be of great service. If peace be made with the Indians, Catawbas and Cherokees, I hope all will go well. I assure you there was not any of those Indians we call ours at the battle, except six or seven. "I believe of the Mingo nation, two fellows not retarded by then, particularly one English John; he was at Gist's with those that were suspecte d as spies. I am informed he intends to see you with some of the rest. Take care of them. I send this by Monecatooth's brother-in-law; a worthy fellow, and may be trusted. On the other side you have a draft of the fort, such as time and opportunity would admit of at this time. The garrison consists of two hundred workmen, and all the rest went away in several detachments, to the number of a thousand, two days hence. Mencin, a fine soldier, goes; so that Contrecoeur, with a few young officers and cadets only, remain here. A lieutenant went off some days ago with two hundred men for provisions. When he arrives, the garrison will. La Force is greatly wanted here, no scouting now,-he certainly must have been an extraordinary man among them, he is so much regretted and wished fo r. "When we engaged to serve the country, it was expected we were to do it with our lives. Let them not be disappointed. Consider the'good of the expedition, without the least regard to us. For my part, I would die a thousand deaths to have the pleasure of possessing, this fort but one day. They are so vain of their success at the Meadows, it is worse than death to hear them. Strike this fall as soon as possible. Make the Indians ours. Prevent intelligence. Get the best, and'tis done.. One hundred trusty Indians might surprise this fort. They have access all day, and might lodge themselves so that they might secure the guard with the tomahawks; shut the sally-gate, and the fort is ours. None but the guard and Contrecoeur stay in the fort. For God's sake communicate this to but few, and them you can trust. Intelligence comes here unaccountably. If they should know I wrote, I should lose the liberty I have. I should be glad to hear from you But take no notice of this in yours. Excuse errors, bad diction, etc. Pray, be kind to this Indian. Springes and Delaware George have been here." SECOND LETTER. "SIR,-I wrote you yesterday by an Indian, named the Long or Mono; he will be with you in seven days. This goes by Delaware George. If these discharge their trust, they ought to be well rewarded. "The purport of yesterday's letter was to inform you of a report, and I hope false, which greatly alarms the Indians: That the Half-King and Monecatooth~ are killed, their wives and children given to the Catawbas, Cattoways, and Cher* We give the Captain's orthography. t Mercier? t There would seem to be something left out here. Stobo has no rule for spelling.I I I I HISTORYr OF ALLEGHENY' COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA..198 tain Covode major. During McClellan's Peniilsular campaigii, the regiment was divided into two battalioiis and served in different parts of the army. In the battle of Antietam Colonel Childs was killed by a round shot. In the fall of 1862, a battalion under Captaiii Duncan captured a squadron of the enemy, three officers aild twenty men,-for which they were complimented by General McClellan. The command was with the army at Fredericksburg, but not in action. Two squadrons were in the action at Kelly's Ford. I)uring the Gettysburg campaign, it was constantly engaged scouting, skirmishing, and occasionally fighting severely. On the 12th of October nearly the whole regiment was captured near Jeffersonville. During the fall and winter the remains of the regiment were filled up, so that in the latter part of May it was the largest regiment in the corps. In the campaign of 1864 it was in the battles at Yellow Tavern and Hawes's Shop, in the former of which Lieutenant Bowen was mortally wounded. Under Sheridan it saw hard service at Trevillian. In an engagement near St. Mary's Church Colonel Covode was mortally wounded and taken prisoner, and the total losses were eighty-seven men. A constant succession of skirmishes occurred during the summer, in one of which, August 3, Captain Parke was mortally wounded. February 5, Captain Harper was killed in a skirmish, and in another at Dinwiddie Court-House, February 7, Major Mayo was killed. The comuland served through the remainder of the campaign. SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT (FI1?TH CAVALRY). Companies L and M of this regiment were raised in Allegheny County. Colonel Campbell took the command in March, 1862. In the Peninsular campaign the regiment was divided for a time, four companies being stationed at Gloucester Point and the remainder at Williamsburg. Colonel Campbell was appointed military governor of the district. Oin the 9th of September an attack was made on Fort Magruder, in which the regiment lost six killed and fifteen wounded, and Colonel Campbell and thirty-two men taken prisoners. During October and November the regiment was increased by recruits to twelve hundred men. While on a scout in FebrLary two men were killed and three wounded. On the 7th of January, 1863, Companies D and E, with a squadron of the Sisth New York, went out on a raid, and near Indiantown captured a wagon train with medical supplies and munitions of war, valued at fifty thousand dollars. They also took thirty prisoners. In a skirmish at Burnt Ordinary the regiment lost two killed and one wounded. On the 6th of February another dash was made in the neighborhood of Burnt Ordinary by Major Kleinz. On the 7th, Companies L and M were very nearly captured by about one thousand of the enemy. They escaped with a loss of thirty-five men. In the latter part of March, during some hard fighting, the regiment captured twenty-six prisoners and lost five men. During the summer of 1863 the command was comparatively inactive, but it suffered a great deal from sickness. In September it was sent to Norfolk, Virginia, and five companies were pushed out to the terminus of the Dismal Swamp Canal, at South Mills, North Carolina. The remainder were sent to Great Bridge, on the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal. On the 15th September Company D captured a party of guerillas. Companies F and H had a severe skirmish on the same day, and brought in eighteen prisoners. On the 20th of October all the detachments went into winter quarters at Great Bridge. About one-half of the re,iment re-enlisted and took a veteran furlough. In January they returiied to Yorktown. The regiment was busy during the season, and during Kautz's raid in June lost three hundred men; and again, in his second raid in September, lost twenty more. October 7 they were warmly engaged, and lost fourteen killed, twenty-seven wounded, and seventy-two prisoners, and four officers wounded. December 10, at Charles City Cross-Roads, twenty-one men were killed and wounded. During Lee's retreat from Richmond the command captured three hundred prisoners near Dinwiddie Court-House. SIXTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. This re,iment had one company from Allegheny County, who enlisted in April, 1865, and saw very little service. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGINMENT COLONEL SCHIMMELFENNIG. Companies B, I, and part of K were raised in Allegheny County. The regiment was at first nunibered the Thirty-fifth, and was largely composed of Germans. It was placed in the Shenandoah Valley, under Freemont. At the battle of Cross-Keys, June 8, 1862, it suffered a loss of six killed and thirteen wounded. During July and August it was marching and skirmishing almost continually. At Freeman's Ford it lost over sixty killed, wounded, drowned, and missing. General Bohlen, commanding the brigade, was killed. In an action at Grovetoil the command lost seventeen killed and wounded. During the Maryland campaign it was at Washington. At Chancellorsville it was in the thickest of the fiay, and lost sixty-one, men. In the great Gettysburg campaign its losses werie olle hundred and thirty-six men. In August the division was sent to Folly Islaiid, At Antietam the regiment was not engaged seriously; but at Fredericksburg, December 13, it was in the thickest of the affray, losing nine officers and sixtyone men killed and wounded. Among the killed were Lieutenant Potts and Adjutant Cunningliam. Colonel Sweitzer was wounded. C)n the night of May 1, during the Chancellorsville campaign, the regiment was ingeniously extricated from a perilous position by Colonel Sweitzer. Colonel McQuade, who was sick at the tin-e, favored a surreiider, but Colonel Sweitzer would not hear to it. On the 4th of May it lost fourteen men wounded during a reconnoissance. Whben Lee made his advance towards Pennsylvania, the regiment was actively engaged in the manoeuvres which followed, and had quite an affray at Middleburg. It was under terrible fire at Gettysburg, and lost heavily. Colonel Sweitzer was wounded, and had a horse killed under him. Among the killed were Major Lowry, Captains Little and Brown, and Lieutenants McDowell, Mouck, and Morris. The regiment took part in the bloody campaign of 1864 up to July 3, when its term of service expired. It was in the terrible fighting among the scrub pines of the WVilderness, and on the 12th of May lost Lieutenant-Colonel Hull and Lieutenants Myers and Johnson killed. In a severe action at Bethesda Church, on the 2d of June, its losses were heavy, three lieutenants being among the killed. Durin- the entire campaign its losses were two hundred and ninety-eight out of five hundred and fifty-seven men. SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT COLONEL ALEXANDER HAYS. This regiment was all recruited in Allegheny County, excepting Company F and parts of two or three other companies. Colonel Hays was a graduate of West Point, a soldier in the Mexican war, and was wounded at Resaca de la Palma. The regiment went to Washington in detachments, and was not completed until September. It was sent across the Potomac River early in October, and went into camp at Fort Lyon. Near Pohicik Church (made sacred by the memory of Washington) a detachbent, under Lieutenant-Colonel Morgan, had a skirmish with the enemy, in which Captain Chapman and Quartermaster Lysle were killed. It was connected with the Peninsular campaigii, and suffered severely from sickness on the Chickahominy. At the battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, it was.sharply engaged, losing Colonel Morgan wounded and Lieutenants Hurst and Cochran killed. In a skirmish dn the 21st of June Captain McGonagle was killed, and at Charles City Cross-Roads its loss was heavy. It was complimented at the latter place by General Kearney for extraordinary gallantry. Three furious charges by ten thousand of the enemy were repulsed by the Sixty-third Pennsylvania and Thirty-seventh New York regiments. It was present at Malvern' Hill, but only partially engaged. Transferred to Northern Virginia, it was on the;second Bull Run field and lost a large number of men, Clolonel Hays and Major Kirkwood being among the wounded. It was at this time in General Kearney's division. After his death at Chantilly, August 31, the division was ordered to Washington, where it remained until after the battle of Antietam. Taking the field again it participated in an affair at Warrenton, for gallantry in which Colonel Hays was promoted to brigadier-general. Lieutenant-Colonel Morgan was proinoted to colonel, Major Kirkwood to lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Danks to major. It took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, but was not seriously engaged. Captain Fallon was mortally wounded. Under Hooker it took part in the Chan-,cello sville campaign, losing one hundred and twenty killed, wounded, and missing. Colonel IKirkwood was wounded MIay 3, and died soon after. Major Danks was taken prisoner. Among the killed or mortally wouiided were, Captains Smith and Thompson, and Lieutenants Boyle, McGranaahn, and Weeks. It was present (luriDg the Gettysburg campaign, but not actively engaged in the fighting. Soon after this campaign the regimnent was recruited by three hundred drafted men, and Major Danks was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and subsequently to colonel; and Captain Ryan to major. In a skirmish at Auburn Mills it lost eighteen wounded. In an engagement at Kelly's Ford, Captain Maynard was killed while giving a wounded rebel officer a drink from his canteen. In the fierce fighting of the campaign, commencing at the Wilderness, General Hays was among the first to fall; Major McCullough was mortally and eight other officers severely wounded. The losses on the 5th and 6th of May were one huridred and eighty-six men. On the 7th occurred the memorable episode where the division stormed the enemy's works aiid captured five thousand men and sixteen guns. Captain Dougherty was killed at the North Anna River. On the 16th and 17th of June there was heavy fighting near Petersburg, in which Captain Moorhead was killed. On the 23d the command was surprised and lost a large number of prisoners. Its term of service expired on the 9th of September. SIXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (FOURTH CAVALRY)-COLONEL DAVID CAAIPBELL. Of this regiment, Companies B, E, and G were recruited in Allegheny County. Colonel Campbell soon resi-ned to take command of the Fifth Cavalry, and Lieutenant-Colonel Childs was made colonel, Major Kerr lieutenant-colonel, and CapI I i the 27th of Junae the brigade captured Shelbyville, and with it a rebel regiment and battery. Skirmislied at Elk River, July 3, and at Sparta, August 17. Soon after, the regiment was onl a march of eighteen days in pursuit of the rebel General Wheeler. During the winter of 1863-64 it was stationed at Huntsville, Alabama. While in this place the regiment re-enlisted, took veteran furl1ough, and was recruited up to eighteen hundred men. On the 30th of April, IS64, the regiment joined General Garrard's cavalry division. DuriDg the Atlanta campaign it was engaged at Rome, Resaca, Big Shanty, McAfee's Cross-Roads, about Kenesaw Mountain, and was in the various raids upon the railroads around Atlanta, and afterwards at Rome aoain, and at Lovejoy's Station and Jonesboro, below Atlanta. Its losses during the campaign, by battle, fatigue, and sickness. were very heavy. After the campaign the regiment was ordered to Louisville, to be remounted and equippecl. It was under General Thomas, about Nashville, during General Hood's campaign, and in the sprint, of 1865 fornied a part of General James H. Wilson's cavalry force, which made the grand raid through the Gulf States at the close of the war. There was sharp fighting at Plantersville, and in the wonderful assault upon Selma, Alabama, the regiment lost heavily, including, Lieutenant Sigmond, killed, and Colonel McCormick, severely wounded. The command was mustered out at Macon, August 13, 1865. EIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT. The only company in this regiment from Allegheny County was Company B. It was connected with the Army of the Potomac throughout its term of service, and participated in all its campaigns, including the campaign of the old Sixth Corps around Washington, in the summer of IS64. EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT. ODly two companies were in the regiment from Allegheny County, Companies G and H, and these enlisted in the spring of 1865, anld saw very little service. EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Companies F and G of this regiment were recruited in Allegheny County in February and March, 1865. These companies saw some severe sservice in the last campaign around Petersburg, where they lost a number of men. ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST REGIMENT-COLONEL J. H. WILSON. Of this regiment, Companies A, E, G, and I were raised in Allegheny County. The first seven companies went into camp, at Harrisburg, in the fall of 1861, and were joinled soon after by the remaining three. Towards the last of February the regiment went into camp at Meridian Hill, near Washington, wbere it was assigned to Keim's brigade of Casey's division. On the 28th of March it left Alexandria for the Peninsula. Its first experience under fire was near Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, where it lost a number of men, wounded by shells from Fort Magruder. At the battle of Seven Pines, on the 31st of May, one-third of the regiment was killed and wounded. Among the wounded was Colonel Morris. Colonel J. H. Wilson died of sicknless at Roper's Church, Virginia, May 30. During the retreat to Harrison's Landing the regiiment was doing guard and picket duty. Upon the evacuation of the Peninsula, Keyes's division was left at Fortress Monroe. In September the regiment was ordered to Suffolk, Virginia, and, December 4, senit to Newbern, North Carolina, to reilnforce General Foster. From the Ilth to-the 17th there was sharp skirmishing between Newbern and Goldsboro. The ~months of March and April were passed mostly in scouting and picketing, with occasionial skirmishing. The brigade was soon after sent to Plymouth, near the mouth of Roanoke River, and fronm thence imade occasional expeditions into the country. Its duties for the remainder of 1863 were scouting and reconnoitering about Albemarle Sound and on the Chowan River. In March the regiment was ordered to Newbern, and from there to Roanoke Island, where it remained a week, and again returned to Plymouth. This place was attackSed by the rebel General Hoke, on the 17th of April, with a force estimnated at fifteen thousand mnen. The rebel ram " Albemarle" co-operated with the force, and destroyed the steamer " Southfield" in the river, besides doing other damage. Fort Wessels was -finally taken by'assault, and the One Hundred and First Regiment, with the exception of a few men on furlough and detached duty, was captured. Its losses during the operation, killed and wounded, amounted to thirtyone men. It was sent to Andersonville, Georgia. The officers were sent to Macon, subsequenltly removed to Savannah, Charleston, and Charlotte, and finally exchanged at Wilmington, North Carolina, in March, 1865. Many of the officers attempted to escape, and somle succeeded, after ex:periencin- severe hardships, in getting back to the Union lines. The enlisted meii were closely confined -in Andersonville prison-pen until the- latter part of the summer of 1864, when a part were taken to Millen and Savannah, and a few were exchanged, South Carolina, where it wa!s kept busily engaged recoiinoiterin- and skirmislling among the islands. In July it was sent to James Island. In August it was returned- to Washington, and stationed at Forts Ethan Allen and Marcy. A large nuimber of the menl were mustered out in Septemnber, but the regfiment was filled to nearly its original nuLmbers by recruits. It was soon afterwards sent to Western Virginia., where it was employed guarding the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for the remiainder of its time. THE SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT bad a part of Company K in its ranks from Allegheny County, but it is impossible to give its history separately. SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT-COLONEL STUMBAUGH. Companies B and E and recruits for D and C were raised in Allegheny County. The Seventy-seventh, Seventy-eighth, and Seventy-ninth Regiments formed General J. S. Negley's brigade. On the 18th of October, 1861, the brigade was sent to Kentucky. The Seventy-seventh was afterwards detached from this brigade, and assigned to General Wood's. The regiment was in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862, an'd lost three killed and seven wounded. In the final charge it took a lar-,e number of prisoners, including Colonel Battles, of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment. It was engagyed in the movement upon Corinth, and in General Buell's operations afterwards. On the 27th of November it had a, hot skirmish near Lavergne. At the great battle of Stone River it suffered severely, and lost Colonel Housum, killed. General Rosecrans personally complirnented the regiment on the field for its gallantry, calling it the " banner regiment of Stone River." Cleburne's celebrated division was in front of the reg,iment at Liberty Gap, but was compelled to retreat. Colonel Miller, commandinig the brioade, was killed. The Seventy-seventh lost in this action fully one-third of its numnbers. At the terrible battle of Chickamauga the regimnent lost all its field and seven line officers, and seventy-seven men taken prisoners by the enemy. On the 26th of October the regiment was sent to Shell Mound and Whiteside, at which places it remained durinog the rest of the year. In the sprint, of 1864, the gra-nd campaign of General Sherman against Atlanta began, and the Seventyseventh bore an honorable part in the battles and movements during the one hundred and twenty-five days which ended in the capture of the objective point of the campaign-the city of Atlanta. The regiment was engaged at Tunnel Hill, near Dalton, and again at Resaca, where it lost heavily. Sbarp fighting at Kingston and New Hope Church. At Ackworth, Colonel Rose returned from,captivity. In the movements around Kenesaw Mountain, during the month of.June, the command saw bard service, losing, many men in the assault on the 27th. During the night of July 2 tlhe rebels evacuated the formnidable salient point of Kenesaw Mountain, with all its long circumvallating lines and powerful earthworks,.and fell back on the Chattahoochee River. In the battle of Peach-Tree Creek, -July 20, the command was warmly engaged. During some sharp fighting on the 5th- of August Captain Walker was killed. At Jonesboro' and Lovejoy's Station it was present, and took part in the fray. On the 3d of September Major Phillips lost an arm, and Lieutenant Thompson was killed. When General Sherman sent back the Fourth and Twenty-third Army Corps, witli surplus baggage and batteries, the Seventy-seventh returnecl and took part in the Nashville campaign which ended so disastrously to Hood and his army. In March it went into East'Tennessee, ancl when at Strawberry Plains was joined by three companies of recruits, and soon after by two mnore companies..At the close of the war it was sent to Texas, where it remained oii duty until December, when it returned home. SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT-COLONEL SIRWELL. In this regiment were Companies F, H, and I, from Allegheny County, recruited -in the spring of 1865. EIGHTIETH REGIMENT (SEVENTH CAVALRY)-COLONEL WYNKOOP. Company M and part of H were raised in Allegheny County. This regiment was ordered to Jeffersonville, Indiana, in December, 1861. In May it was fighting the rebel General Morgan, and on the 5thi defeated bis conimnand, captuLring one hundred and sevent-y-seven prisoners. The Seventh lost three killed, thirteen wounded, and three prisoners..The command was divided inito three battalions,.and, for a time, operated in different fields. On the 13th of July, 1862, Murfreesboro was surprised by the rebel cavalry under Forrest, and after a bard fight the place suLrrendered. During, the advaince of Rosecrans' army upon Chattanooga there was constant fit,htin- and skirmislhiin- from- Nashville to the Tennessee River. At the great battle of Stone River, the last of December, 1862, the regimlent lost two killed, nine wouiided, and fifty missingt. January 31, 1863, there was sbarp fightiDg at Unionville aind Rover, and again at Spring Hill, Rutherford Creek, Snow Hill, McMinnville, Murfreesboro, and Alexandria. On 199 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.200 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY and Third was taken prisoner, and sent iDto the Southern prison-pens, where half of its men died before they were exchanged. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH REGIMENT. There was only one company (D) in this regiment from Allegheny County. It was in the Peninsular campaign, and so terribly reduced as to only be able to muster one hundred men for duty. It was engaged in the Bull Run campaign under General Pope, and durinog the subseqtuent operations in Maryland was on duty around Washington. It took part in General Burnside's campaign in December, 1862, but was only partially engaged at Fredericksburg. In Hooker's Chancellorsville campaign it bore an honorable part and suffered sevTerely, losinog seventyIseven men, among them Colonel McKnight, killed. James Silvis aiid Milton Craven, of Company D, received the Kearney badge of honor for special gallantry. In the operations around Gettysburg it lost one hundred and sixty-eight m-en. During General Grant's campaign of 1864 it contributed its full quota of killed and. Iwounded, losing one huiidred and sixty-two men at the battle of the Wilderness. On the 16th of Augfust its commander, Colonel Craig, was mortally wounded. It continued in active service during the spring operations of 1865. A most strange fatality attended its officers. Two colonels, two lieutenant-colonels, one major, five captains, and five lieutenants were killed or died of wounds. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT (THIRTEENTH CAVALRY). Company E was the only one in this command from Allegheny County. Captain P. Kane took the company into the field. During the latter part of 1862 it was stationed along the Potomac, doing picket duty. In February it was sent to Winchester, where it did good service uinder General Milroy. It was in the action at Culpepper September 11, anid on October 12 lost one hundred and sixty-three men at Jefferson, on the south side of the Rappahannock. It took an honorable part in the campaign of 1864 againlst Richmond, being desperately engaged in the action at Hawes's Shop May 28, wliere Captain Kane was killed. In Sheridan's raids around Richmond it lost thirty-three men. Captain Gregg and one hundred and fifty men were captured while guLarding cattle at Coggin's Point. At Wyatt's Farm, Septemiber 29, it lost seventeen men, and December 8 and 9 lost heavily at Hatcher's Run. In this last engagement Captain Sneyd was killed. In February, 1865, it had a hard fight at Gravelly Run. At Dabney's Mills, on the 7th, it lost a nurnber of mele. At this place General Gregg was wounded. In February the regiment received a larue number of recruits, and was ordered to report to General Schofield at Wilmington, North Carolina. From thence the troops moved up Cape Fear River and opened communication with General Sherman at Fayetteville, Iarch 13. On the 19th the regiment reported to Sherman, and was assigned to the Third Brigade of General Kilpatrick's cavalry division. During. the advance it had a runrliin fight with Hampton's cavalry, near Raleigh, which city they entered on the 13th of April and unfurled their colors from the capitol. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. This regiment was raised for nine months, and was all recruited in Allegheny County, with the exception of part of Company H, aild was nearly all raised in Pittsburgh and Allegheny City. The Rev. John B. Clark, pastor of the Second United Presbyterian Church, Allegheny City, raised the first company and was made colonel of the regiment. Frederick K. Gast was elected lieutenantcolonel and Hugh Danver major. The regiment, one thousand stroing, proceeded to Harrisburg, wbere it was armed and equipped and went on to Washington. There it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps. During th-e battles about Bull Run in General Pope's campaign the regiment was oil picket duty around Bailey's Cross-Roads. After General Pope's defeat it marched to Washington. It participated in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, losing twenty-one killed and one hundr-ed ancl tbirty-one wounded. Lieutenant J. R. Coulter was amonlg the clead, and Captaiin Boisol and Lieutenant Dilworth were mortally wounded. The regiment was present, but not seriously engaged, at Chancellorsville. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. This was another nine-months' regiment. Companies E, F, G, and H were raised in Allegheny County. It was org,anized August 20, 1862. Thomas M. Bryan was elected colonel, Isaac Wright lieutenant-colonel, aind Charles Ryan major. On their arrival at Washington they were statione.d at Fort Lincoln. At the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment was hotly en,aged, losinr- one huniidred and forty 1-nen killed, wounded, and mlissinlg. Captain Chapman was killed and Captain Marchand inortally wouinded. Oin the 30th- Apiril, 1863, several men were wounded, a-looig them Lieutenant Lindsay, miortally. The command was also at Chancellorsville, but eiscapedl with smiall loss. What remained of the regiment was finally exchan-,ed at Wilmington, North Carolina, in the springf of 1865. About one-half died in prison. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIMENT-COLONEL THOMAS A. ROWLEY. This regiment was all raised in Allegheny County, except Company E, partly recruited in Butler County. The Thirteenth Regiment, three-months' men, was the basis of the organization. It contained twelve companies at first. J. M. Kinkead was chosen lieutenantcolonel, and John Poland major. It was stationed around Washington during the winter. In the Peninsular campaign of 1862 it bore a conspicuous part. At the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, it had three killed and tbirty-eight wounded. At Fair Oaks, on the 30th) it lost sixty-one men, including Colonel Rowley and four other officers wounded. During the moveinent from the Chickahominy to the James River, it was engaged in picket duty. At Malvern Hill it made a gallant charge, and lost ten killed and thirty-seven wounded. Among the killed were Major Poland and Lieutenant Mooney. It was transferred, along; with McClellan's army, to the North, and supported batteries at Chantilly, August 31, but was not actively enlgaged. At -the battle of Antietam it was with the reserves. When General Burnside assumed command of the Potomac army the regiment was transferred to the Sixth Corps. At the battle of Fredericksburg it was with the reserve corps. About the time Colonel Rowley was promoted brigadier-general, Lieutenant-Colonel Kinkead was made colonel; Major Patterson, lieutenant-colonel; and Adjutant Brown, major. At Chancellorsville it was en-,a-ed, and lost twelve killed, fifty-five wounded, and one hundred missinog. Colonel Kinkead resigned on the 27th of May, and Lieutenant-Colonel Patterson was promoted colonel; Captain McIlwaine, lieutenantColonel; and Captain McLaughlin, major. The regiment vvas on duty during the Gettysburg campaign, but not actively engaged, and, consequently, sustained only slight losses. While encamped at Brandy Station, the regiment nearly all re-enlisted. The men took' a furlough, and returned to Brandy Station in MAarch, 1864. In the campaign against Richmond it was almost constantly en-aged, and did itls full share of duty on the memorable fields of Virginia. In the desperate battle of the Wilderness, MIay 5,' its losses were Colonel Patterson, Lieutenant Drum, and fourteen men killed and oine hundred and twelve wounded. Among tlhe mortally wounded was Captain Kirkbride. On the 6th it lost two killed and six wounded, and, at Cold Harbor, about fifty killed. and wounded. Lieutenant McIlvaine was killed. On the 18th of June, in front of Petersburg, it had thirteen killed and wounded. It was engaged in fighting and skirmishing until the 9th of July, when it was ordered to Washington, alono, with the Sixth Corps, for the protection of the capital. Early was defeated near Fort Stevens, aild the corps was transferred to the Shenandoah Valley. In the battle of Winchester, the One Hundred and Second lost five killed and twenty-three wounded. It was present at Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, losing, thirty-four men in the former and sixty-five in the last-mentioned battles, includiing Major Coleman, killed. After the Shenandoah campaign was over, the regiment returned to Petersburg. It was on duty duriing the campaign which closed wTith the surrender of General Lee, and lost a number of men. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD REGIMENT. Of this regiment, Companies C, F, I, and K, were wholly or in part from Allegheny County. The rendezvous was at Kittanning. In January, 1862, it was reported full, and one company to spare. On the 24th of February it was ordered to Harrisburg. Theodore F. Lehman was appointed colonel. From Harrisburg the command proceedecl to Washington, was assigned to General Casey's division ad accompanied the army of the Potomac in the Peninsular campaign. At the battle of Williamsburg it acted a gallant part, and was terribly clecim-ated on the 31st of tIlay, losin- ei-hty-four meni; a-n-ong them were Captain Gillespie and Lieutenant Schott, Ikilled. It was also partially engaged in the retreat, and at the battle of Malvern Hill. During the campaign the regiment.lost nearly half its strength. Upon the evacuation of the Peninsula it was sent to Norfolk, and from thence, in Dcemer,to Newbern. It was heavily en-aged at Kinston, durin-, which battle, together with the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania, it captured a rebel regiment. Returning to Newbern, it went into barracks. It vvas afterwards sent to Plymouth, North Carolina, where it was brig,aded with the One Hundrecl and First Pennsylvania, ancl the Eighty-fifth, Ninety-second, ancl Ninety-sixth -New York Regiments. The Ninety-sixth was soon after exchanged for the Sixteenth Connecticut. The place was put ill as good a state of defense as possible, but was attackced by Hoke's rebel army in April, aided by tlhe ram " Albemarle,) and, after a desperate def'ense, surrendered. The One HundredI I i I i i I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 201 ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. This was a three-years' regiment. Companies D, G, I, K, aild part of H, were -from Allegheny County. Organized at Camp Howe, near Pittsburgh, September 1, 1862. F. H. Collier was elected colonel, James D. Owens lieutenant-colonel, and Wm. H. Moody major. It departed the same day for the East, -arriving at Washington on the 3d. It was soon a-fter detailecl to proceed to Bull Run to bury the dead of General Pope's battle, which melancholy duty it performed in the best manner after three days of hard labor. The total number interred was one thousand seven hundred and nlinety-nine. Rejoined the army on the 18th. It was assi,,ned to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Army Corps. Durinog the, battle of Fredericksburg it was present, but not engaged. Thirteen men were wounded by shells. In the Chancellorsville campaign it lost one hundred and twenty-three me n. Among the killed were Captain Dempsey and Lieutenant Harbison. In the battle of Gettysburg Captain Sample was mortally wounded. During the subsequent movements of the army in pursuit of Lee, it operated in Virginia, and went into winter quarters at Harper's Ferry. In March, 1864, the regiment rejoined the corps at Brandy Station. During the winter it had been recruited to nearly its original strength. In the bloody Wilderness battles it lost one hundred and ninety-six men. Major Snyder and Captain Grace were killed. From the Sth to the 21st of May it was heavily engaged around Spottsylvania Court-House. At Cold Harbor it lost heavily, and Lieutenant-Colonel Moody was aimorog the killed. It crossed the James River on the 15th of June, and was in the assault on Petersburg on the 18th. On the 9th of July -the Sixth Corps was ordered to Washington, where it gave Early a severe beating and drove bim from the neighborhood. The corps wais ordered to Virginia, and the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth participated in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. In these en-auements Lieutenant McKean was killed and Captain Crum mortally wounded. The corps returned to Petersburg in Dccemaber. In the short -spring campaign of 1865, the regiment was actively engaged. On the 25th of March Lieutenant Mullen was killed. Sergeant David W. Young, of Company E, was one of three wbo received prizes for conspicuous gallantry in the assault upon Petersburg. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. Eight companies for this regiment were raised in Allegheny County. It was.organized at Harrisburg, September 3, 1862. Edward J. Allen was elected colonel, James Collard lieutenant-colonel, and John H. Cain major. Its first ~experience was at Fredericksburg, when the division to which it was attached lost one thousand seven hundred and sixty out of four thousand mien engagged. Captain Anschultz was mortally wounded. The regiment was present at the battle of Chancellorsville, though only lip,htly engaged. At Gettysburg it bore a conspicuous part in the desperate fighting about Little Round Top. In the campaign of 1864, against Richmond, it had a full share of the fighting, and lost mnany brave men;- among them, Captain Stewart, Lieutenant E. P. Johnston, Captain Clapp, and Lieutenant C. C. Johnston, the last two killed. At Jericho and Cold Harbor its losses were severe. On the 16th of JuDe, while charging the enemy's line, it lost eighty-tbree killed and wounded in about ten minutes. Among the killed was Captain McKee. It was enu,aced sharply at Peebles' Farm, September 30, and again at Hatcher's Run and Dabney's Mills. In the spring, of 1865 it took part in the campaign that,closed with Lee's surrender, and fought at Quaker Road, Gravelly Run, Five Forks, and Sailor's Creek. Lieutenants Strong and Dunn were killed during these movements. ONE HUNDRED DAYS' MEN. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-THIRD REGIMENT. This regiment was recruited altogether in Allegheny County, with the excep-tion of Company E and a part of I. It was organized July 19, 1862, at Camp Howe, near Pittsburgh. John B. Clark was appointed colonel, Jas. W. Ballentine lieutenant-colonel, and H. K. Tyler major. Its duties were confined mostly.to guarding railroad property, provost duty, etc. ARTILLERY. Two HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGIMENT (FIFTH ARTILLERY). This regiment was principally recruited in Allegheny County, and was raised -for one year. Geo. S. Gallupe was appointed colonel, Joseph Browne lieutenant-colonel and M. Baer and Geo. M. Irwin majors. Its first duties were in the Washington fortifications. Afterwards it was en,at,ed in. openinii, the Iiiie of the Manassas Gap Railroad. In the beginnin- of October it was near Salem and Rectortown, skirmislhing witli the rebel General Moseby. Two companies of the Fifth, together with a squadron of the Thirteenth New York Cavalry, captured s-onme of Moseby's artillery, caissons, etc., etc. Soon after the battle of Cedar Creek the regiment returned to the forts around Washington. It was next ordered to Virginia, wbere it was cantoned at various places durin- the winter, and engaged in bulilding stockades and block-houses. It was included in the expedition sent out to bury the dead at the Bull Run battle-ground. INDEPENDENT BATTERY C. This battery was recruited at Pittsburgh, and organized Novenmber 6, 1861. James Thompson was captain, and J. P. Barry and James Stephenson lieutenants. It was at first assigned to duty in General McDowell's army, and subsequently in General Pope's command, and was warmly engaged at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. In a skvirmish at Robertson's River, August 12, the rebel cavalry were put to flight. It was engaged on the 21st, 22d, and 30th of' August, and sustained quite severe loss, includino, three guns captured by the enemy. It was aft-erwards supplied with four ten-pounder Parrott guns. The battery vvas engaged at South Mountain and Antietam, September 14 and 17, and lost twelve men wounded and had thirteen horses killed. In the battle of Fredericksburg, two men were wounded, two horses killed, and one gun disabled. At Chancellorsville one nman was killed, three w ounded, and three horses killed. It was present at the great battle of Gettysburg, losing one killed, nine wounded, and four missing. Captain Thompson had a horse killed under him, and eighteen battery horses disabled. The battery also lost one gun. During the fall it was engaged at Mitchell's Ford, October 15, at iUine Run, November 27, aind at Morton's Ford, February 6, 1864. INDEPENDENT BATTERY E. This battery was recruited in Pittsburgh by C. A. Atwell anid James D. McGill. Joseph M. Knap, at that tiine lieutenant in the Twenty-eighth Regiment, was made captain, C. A. Atwell and Clement Tingley first lieutenants, and E. R. Geary and James D. McGill second lieutenants. The battery was. immediately, sent to Washington, and was made a six-gun battery. It was stationed at Pointof-Rocks, Harper's Ferry, etc., during the winter of 1861-62. The battery was hotly engaged, contestin- Stonewall Jackson's advance down the Shenandoah Valley in May, and at one periocl of the retreat its guns were temuporarily abandoned, but recovered soon after. In the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, the battery lost one killed and Lieutenant Geary wounded. It was frequently enga-,ed during General Pope's campaign, and was also in the battle of Antietam, where it lost several men. During the winter the battery was encamped at Aquia Creek. It took part in the spring campaign of General Hooker, and was present at Chancellorsville, losing one killed and several wounded. Captain Knap had his horse killed under bim. On the 18th of May Captain Knap resigned, to accept a position in the Fort Pitt Foundry, as superintendent of the construction of heavy guns and mortars for the United States Government. Lieutenant Atwell took the command. The battery was preisent and took part in the Gettysburg campaign. On the 28th of September it was ordered to report at Chattanooga, Tenn., with the Eleventh and twelfth Army Corps. It was engaged in thle hard nig,ht-battle of Wauhatchie, aind suffered severely. Captain Atwell was mortally wounded, and Lieutenant Geary a son of the general, killed. Oine-half of the horses were killed in this affair. It was actively engaged in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. During the winter of 1863-64 it was encamped at Wauhatchie. Here the battery re-enlisted aind went home on veteran furlouoh, where it received qXuite a number of recruits. During the Atlanta campaign, 1864, it was-O commnded by Captain McGill. At Peach-Tree Creek, where it received a severe haildling, Captain McGill was wounded. It subsequently niade tlhe grand march to the sea, and from thence to Washington. INDEPENDENT BATTERY F. This battery was recruited in Pittsburgh, in October, 1861. R. B. Hampton, captain; J. P. Fleming anid N. Irish, first lieutenants;- A. N. Harbours, second lieutenant. It was assi,ned to Banks's army, aiid saw hard service, skirmishin-, December 18, 1861, and January 4, 5, and 6, 1862, and was corlnected with the Valley campaign, in a series of manoeuvring and skirmnishin, up to the middle of August. It was SOO11 after increased to a six-gun battery, by the addition of Lieutenant Miller, with fifty men anld two guns. It was heavily engag,ed during General Pope's campaign at Freeman's Ford, White Sulphur Springs; Waterloo, Bull Run, Chantilly (where Kearney was killed), and Falls Church.It was also at South Mountain and Antietam, and ag-ain under fire at CharlestownHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 202 and Winchester. Captain Hampton was killed May 3,1863, during the Chancellorsville campaign. Soon after this campaign it was consolidated with Company C, Captain Thompson, and assi",ned to the reserve artillery, Army of the Potomac. It was present at Gettysburg, and lost Lieutenant Miller, mortally wounded. During the retreat of Lee it was actively engaged south of the Potomac, and in the valley of Virginia. Battery F was subsequently reorganized, and was stationed for a time in the defenses of Washington. July 4 it was ordered to Harper's Ferry, where it remained engaged in various duties until December. YOUNG'S INDEPENDENT BATTERY G. This battery was principally recruited in Allegheny County, and was organized August 21 1862. Officers: John Jay Young, captain; Alfred Kerr and George W. Ahl, first lieutenants; Joseph C. Young and John G. McConnell, second lieutenants. Soon a-fter its organization it was ordered to Fort Delaware, which was, duringI the war, little more than a prison-post. It was here thoroughly drilled in infantry and artillery service. The enlisted men were mostly young, and of miore than ordinary talents and education, and the commander of the fort soon bad a mnajority of officers and mnen detailed on special duLty. A score or mlore of its members became officers in other org,anizations, some of whom fell iD battle. Repeated applications were made to the Secretary of War, by Captain Young, to have the battery ordered to the front; but the representations of the commandant, that it could not be spared, defeated every application. Its duties were, colisequently, little varied. INDEPENDENT BATTERY H. This battery was recruited at Pittsburgh and vicinity, and organized September 30, 1862. John I. Nevin, captain; Edward H. Nevin, Jr., and Theodore M. Finlay, first lieutenants; John J. Brown and John C. Klett, Jr., second lieutenants. It was ordered to Hagerstown, Maryland, where it served with General Morell's command until December,'when it was stationed at Camp Barry, District of Columbia, through the winter. Captain Nevin and Lieutenants Klett and Brown resigned iFebruary 14, 1863, and William Borrowe, of the Second United States Artillery, was appointed captain. It was soon after sent to Alexandria, where it did pl'OVOSt duty for two years. In January, 1865, it returned to Camp Barry, where Captain Borrowe was succeeded by Captain E. H. Nevin. The battery was mustered out in June, 1865. THE ARTILLERY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN THE REBELLION.* To write the history of the artillery organizations of Allegheny County would require maore space than is allotted to the subject in this volume. To do so fully would require a roster of the sixteen hundred and fifty men and officers who composed the five batteries that were accredited to this County; an account of the most prominent battles of the war in the East; many of th-ose in the West; and a detailed narrative of scores and huLndreds of deeds of bravery and sacrifice on the part of the soldiers who wore the common badge of th-e United States volunteer service. Iinstead of this, our purpose is to trace the movements of that important branch of the service, as conducted by the soldiers of Allegheny County, and to give son-le incidents not h-itherto given to the public in any perrnanent form. The writer would acknowledge his indebtedness to those who bave preceded him on this subject, and especially to those whose accounts are cointained in the Historyr of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, as published by the State, for much valuable information and assistance. The, five fattries, that went from this County were, Indepnendent Battery C, Captain James Thompson Battery E, Captain Joseph M. Knap; Battery F, Captain Robert B. Hamptonn, Battery G, Captain John J. Young; and Battery H, Captain John I. Nevin. The two latter we will speak of first. Battery G was recruited principally in Allegheny County, and was organized on the 21st of August, 1862, with the following officers: John J. Young, captain; Alfred Kerr and George W. Ahl, first lieutenants; Joseph C. Young and John G. McConnell, Jr., second lieutenants. The organization was mustered out of service June 18, 1865. S. W. Donley was promoted to a lieutenancy in the First West Virginia Cavalry Volunteers, anid was subsequently killed at Opequan, Virginia. Independent Battery H was recruited in Pittsburgh, in September, 1862, with the followiing officers: John I. Nevin, captain, promloted fromi second lieutenant Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers; E. H. Nevin, Jr., senior first lieuteniant; Theodore M. Finley, junior first lieutenant, promotecl from private in Hampton's Battery; John N. Brown, second lieutenant, promoted from private, Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers; and John C. Klett, Jr., second lieutenant. Immediately after its orgainizatioil it, was ordered to Hagerstown, Maryland, where it served with General Morell's command. until December. In the spring of 1863 it was ordered to report to General J. P. Stoughton, inl command of the defenses of Washington, where it rendered efficient service against the rebel cavalry under Stuart and Moseby. On the 1 4thi of February, 1 863, Captain Nevin resigned to accept the position of major in the Ninety-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry, with which regiment he served until it was mustered out of service. At the present writing, the gallant major is a mnember of the valiant staff of the Leader, where he wields a pen as sharp as his sword of old. The three remaining batteries, Thompson's, Knap's, and Hampton's, saw as hard service as any of the troops in the field, and won for themselves a brilliant record. More than ten years have gone by since they doffed the soldier's and donned the citizen's garb, yet the very mention of the names of the gallant captains for whom they were called brings a thrill of pride to the heart of every Pittsburgher. Battery C was recruited in Pittsburgh, to serve for three years, and was organized on the 6thi of November, 1861, with the followiing officers: James Thompson, captain; John P. Barry and James Stephenson, lieutenants. It first saw active service in the spring of 1862. When McClellan, with the major part of the Army of the Potomac, moved to the Peninsula, McDowell's corps remained to cover Washington, and did not advance farther South than the Rapidan. When the safety of Washington became. endangered by the threatening attitude which the rebel army assumed after the defeat of McClellan on the Peninsula, McDowell's corps was pushed ouLt to meet and check the rebel advance. Banks met a powerful division of that army, under Jackson and Ewell, at Cedar Mountain and on th-e 9th of August a most sanguinary battle was fought. McDowell's corps came quickly to the support of Banks. Thompson's Battery. arrived on the ground just at dark. We leave it here to notice the mnovements of the other two batteries up to this date. Battery E was organized in the surnmer of 1S61, at Pittsburgh. Joseph M. Knap, a lieutenant in the Twenty-eigh th Pennsylvania Infantry (Colonel John W. Geary), received authority to ra-ise a battery. This he suceceeded in doino, partly by recruiting and partly by transfer from the surplus meni of the Twentyeighth regiment. The battery was officered as followed: Joseph M. Knap, captain; Charles A. Atwell and Clement Tingley, Jr., first lieutenants, and Edward R. Geary and James D. McGill second lieutenants. Durinog the winter of 1861-62 the battery remained in the neighborhood of Point-of-Rocks and Harper's Ferry, taking part in the occasional skirmishes which occurred. Upon the evacuation of Manassas in March, 1862, the battery advanced with General Geary's brigade to the line of the Manassas Gap Railroad, and was posted,-four guns under Captain Knap, nlear Salem, and the remaining two guns under Lieutenant Atwell at Front Royal. WVhen Stonewall Jackson made his rapid advance down the valley against the forces of Banks, he struck the advance party at Front Royal, commailded by Colonel Kenly, of the First Maryland, oni the 23d of May. Kenly made a gallant resistance, and tlhe section of the battery iu,nder Lieutenant Atwell did excellent service; buit the -small detachment, consisting of less than five hundred men, could niot loiig withstand the combined forces of the rebel army, and the order was given to retire towards Winchester. The enemy's cavalry followed closely, and at every available point sorely harassed the retiring column. Some of the cannoineers fell out by the way, froml exhaustion, and were captured. Finally, just before reaching Winchester, when, from the loss of horses, they could be taken ino farther, the order was givein to spike and abandon the two guns of this section. They were, however, recovered when Jackson in turn found it necessary to hasten his retreat to escape the Union forces closing in on his flanks and rear. Lieutenant Atwell reported that after the action he could mnuster but twelve men of the thirty-eight which he took into the engagement. Under date of May 31, 1862, General Banks, in his official report, mnakes freqLuent mention of the two guns of Knap's Battery, and extends the highest praise to Lieutenant Atwell for his bravery and efficiency. Nothing more serious than marchings and countermarchings were required of the battery until the opening of the battle of Cedar Mountain, on the 9thi of Aug,ust, 1862. Here we leave Knap in company with Thompson, to trace the movements of their gallant comupanion in armis) Hampton. Independent Battery F was recruited at Pittsburgh in October, 1861, aind organized at Williamsport, Maryland, to serve for three years, on the 7thi of ]December, with the following officers: Robert B. Hampton, captain; J. Presley Fleming and Nathaniel Irish, first lieutenants, aicl A. N. Harbours, second lieutenant, -- By L. R. Williams.203 Ear-ly in the battle of Slaughter Mountain, Knap's Battery was posted oin an enliiience, with the men-iorable corn-field, the scene of the greatest slaughter, in its fi-ont, wlherze it wvas a prominent mark for the enemy's guins. It h-ad lio sooner got iinto position than the enemy concentrated and opened upon it the fire of his hleaviest guns, planted along the face of Slaughter Mountain. For a timie his missiles passed hairmless; but be soon got the range, and the guLnners were swept aw,ay bv his mierciless fire. Its ammnunition beiii- exbausted, it was witbdrawn. Lieutenant Geary was among the wounlded. On the 21st, Thompson was brought dlowi to Rappahannock Bridge, and ordered to Cl'OSS to the south baink to assist Captain Matthews of the First Pennsylvania Artillery. As soon as Captain Thompson could get his guns in position Matthews retired, and fire was opeiled and kept up durin-, the entire day. At daylight oin the 22d tlhe battery was ordered to retire across the railroad bridge, fears beinn enterta-ined for its safety on account of a sudden rise of the waters. The howitzers -nioved with Hartsuff's brigade and effected a crossiD, -but as the Parrotts were about to follow the enemzy made his appearance and opened upon them. A sevTere engagement followed, but the movenient across the bridue was successfully executed. Hampton's Battery arrived on the ground in time to take part with the other two in the engagements at Freeman's Ford on he 2d,at White Sulphur Springs on the 23d and 24th, at Waterloo on the 25th, and in the fierce struggfle at Bull Run on the 29th and 30th. During the battle of Bull Run Hampton's Battery was attached to General R. H. Milroy's brigade of General Sigel's corps (First Army Corps, Army of Virginia). To attempt to give a description of the services of the battery on that field, it would be necessary to reproduce General Milroy's graphic account of the battle. We therefore content ourgselves with quoting from the general's report hiis mention of Hampton's Battery on tbe evening of the last fatal day. General Grover's brigade had been driven back fionm the railroad and Milroy's troops were wavering, when the general ordered Captain Hampton to move to the fronlt. Of this mioveinent the official report says,"I inimediately got the battery in position and opened a steady fire of grape and cainister into the advancin-, columins of the enemy. The -first discharge disconcerted them a little, but the immense surging, luass behind pressed on. I held on until they were within a hundred yards of us, when, having but a handful of men to support the battery, I ordered it to retire, which was executed with the loss of one gun." Major-General Sigel, closing bis offieial report of this battle, says, "Commanders of divisions and brigades, of regiments and batteries, and the comnmander of our small cavalry force, have assisted mie, undler all circumnstances, cheerfully and to the best of their abillity; and so have the two batteries of MajorGeneral Banks's corps,-Captain Hampton's Batteries, under Major Rufus." In this engagement Thompson's Battery was attached to Rickett's brigade. In the confusion of the retreat, on the evening of the 30th, having lost m-any of bis men and most of his horses, the battery was compelled to abandon one of the Parrott guns and both of the howitzers. Captain Thompson especially distinguished him-self in organiziDg the scattered artillery and covering the retreat. At the stone bridge across Bull Run, Thompson took position with one of his guns, inD conjunction with the guns of other batteries hurriedly collected, and held the bridge until all the Union forces had passed, when it was destroyed by General Kane, of the " Bucktails." Lieutenant Stephenson was among the severely wounded int this affa-ir. On the evening of Septeinber 1, at Chantilly Church, anld at Falls Church on the 2d, Thompson and Hampton were both ent,aUed,- and again received the commendation of their superior officers for efficiency. During the next ten days the batteries were rapidly refitted, and then hurried on into Maryland. Pope's disasters had already ended when the campaign in Maryland opened, and the three batteries, crossing the Potomac, were hurried forward to South Mountain, where they were engaged on the 14th. In General McClellan's official report of -the battle of Antietam, in speakino, of the movements of the Twelfth Corps, we find the followiDg: " The command of the Twelfth Corps fell upon General A. S. Williams. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers were puslhed acrobss the turnpikze into the woods beyon'd J. Miller's house, with orders to hold the position as long as possible. The line of this corps was fornied aDd it became engaged about seven A.M.; the attack beinc, opened by Knap's Pennsylvania, Cothran's New York, and Hampton's Pittsburgh, Batteries. For about two hours the battle raged with varied success; the enemy endeavoring to drive our troops into-the second line of woods, and ours, in turn, to get possession of the line in front. General Green being much exposed and applying for reinforcements, the Thirteenth New Jersey Twenty-seventh Indiana, and Third Maine Regiments were sent to bis support, with a section of Knap's Battery." On the morning of the 17th of September, Thompson's Battery was brought into position upon the field at Antietam, and went into action upon the right of Soon after its organization it was ordered to joiln the forces on the Upper Potomac under General Banks. It arrived at the front on the 15th of Deceimber, 1861,and three days tbereafter was engaged with the eniemy at Dam No. 5, and again on the 4th, 5th and 6th of January, 1862, at Hancock, Maryland. On the 26th of February it first cr-ossed the Potomac witlh the forces of Banks, puLshed the enemy under Stonewall Jackson as far as Edinburg, Virginia, where, from the 5thl to the 18th of April, brisk skirmishing was kept up. Finally, the ene-n-y was driven againi as far as Cross-Keys, where the battery was en-gaged on the 26thi. As we have before seen, Banks was attacked on the 23d of May, and obliged to retire before a superior force, but contested the ground stubborinly as he went back, fi,Yhtiing at Middleton on the 24th, and at Winchester on the 25th; Battery F, in both eiigagements, rendering efficient service. WVhein the Shenandoah Valley was re-occupied by the Union forces, Hampton's Battery was advainced as far as Front Royal. Here it was raised to a six-gun battery by the arrival of Lieutenant Joseph L. Miller, with the centre section, coiisistinog of fifty nien and two guns. The three famous Pittsburgh batteries were now. for the first tin-ie to-ether in the samle army, where they shared the fortunes of Pope and his commaDd. An incident, by way of digression, that occurred during Banks's retreat, may inot be without interest. Somie of the cannoneers of Hampton's Battery, seeinu a little mulatto girl toiling along the dusty road, tryiug to keep up with the retreating column, placed ber on one of the linmber chests, and let her ride there until they went into camp. Not loDg after, a resolution was iiitroduced in the House of Representatives Charging General Banks witb using the government teamis for the traDsportationi of fugitive slaves. The general's reply was worthy of the man. He stated that there was no truth in the charge, and related the above incident, which we give in his own words: "1 WVhen at a considerable distance on our marcth, we overtook a small party on foot. My attention was attracted to a little girl, about eight years old, wbo was toddling alIon'g over the stones by the way-side, and I asked bow far she had traveled.'From Winchester, she said. We were then about twenty-seven miles from that place. I requested the cannoneers to give her a lift, and the gallant men who had hunog on the rear of the column, for its defense, the greater part of the distance, responded with alacrity. No successful efforts were made to ascertain hler complexion; but it is not impossible that sbe belonged to the class referred to in the resolution, and that her little limbs had been streiigtheined by some va^,ue dreaiii of liberty to be lost or won in that hurried night mnarch." The followin-, poem, by Mrs. H. E. Brown, was suggested by the letter of General Banks: "Take up the little weary one," The brave commander said; And noble hearts and stalwart arms The kindly words obeyed. They gently raised the trembling form, Nor looked upon her face To know the color of her skin,The features of her race. All night along the rugged road, Hungry and faint and sore, Those infant feet had eager fled From Slavery's cruel door; And now should freemen coldly turn, Nor lend a helping hand, And leave the child to die in sight Of Freedom's promised land? Ah, no! lift up the weary one From out her shame and woe, And bid her tread the flowery ways Where freemen's children go: And, Christ. I take thou, the little one Up to thy loving breast, And give her soul its portion there, And everlasting, rest. The battle of Cedar Mountain, or, more appropriately, Slaughter Mountain, was mainly fouoht on the 10th of Auoust, 1862. Banks opened the ball on the 9th. McDowell's corps came qLuickly to his support, and Thompson's Battery arrived on the ground just at dark. As it was moving into position, the enemy opened upon it with canister. The infantry had formed between the battery and the enemy, preventino, the use of canister or shrapnel, and Captain Thompson accordingly replied with shells from his two twelve-pound howitzers, which in a short time silenced the enemy's fire. With his four Parrott guns he directed a hot fire upon the woods where the enemy held Ihis supports. The fire was kept up until far into the night. With Buford's cavalry brigade, the battery advanced to Robertson's River after the retreating enemy, putting to flight their cavalry.COIUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 204 check the advance of' Stonewall Jackson, who was sure to follow up his successful attack oin Howard. As soon as it was daylight the battle opened, but the enemy failed to n-iake any imlpression on the line of guns, although the attempt was repeatedly i-ilade to carry the positioii. A blunder of a mlember of General Hooker's staff resulted mnost disa-strously. Huntington's Marietta, Ohio, Battery was stationed on the left and front of the linle of artillery before referred to, on a risin-, piece of ground, and was doing mlost efficient service,'when it was cha-rged by the enemy an'd captured. It was but the work of a few iminutes to chanue the direction and turn the fire of the captured battery upon tho forty guns of Captain Best, directly enfilading, th-em. Knap and Hampton, seeing tlhis new daiiger, without waiting for orders changed front to the, left and opened oin the captured battery, when Colonel Derrickson, of General Hooker's staff, ordered them to cease firiDg, that it was one of our own batteries. Before he could be convinced of his error the enen-iy had got the range, aild by a direct enfiladin- fire at short ranue, drove the whole line of Best's guns from the field, and, by- exploding the caissons, literally blew the line into the air. At tlhis juncture, Captain Hampton, waitinog to give the rebels a last roundl was struck by a shell above the left kinee, which severecl the leg completely and cut his borse almost in two. The gallaint captain died in the course of a few lhours. Lieutenant Irish dlistinguished bimself by retiring from the field with lhis section, prolonginlt, his firing as he slowly retreated, in as good order as if on battery clrill. The line of artillery being tbus driven froin the field, the infantry soon followed, and the rig,ht wiing of the a-rmy fell back defeated. It is the belief of niany who were present, that bad Hampton's aind Knap's batteries been left to do wbat subsequent eveiits proved was right, the result of the Sunday morning's bloody battle woulcl bave been different. On the morning~ of the fifth, tlhe three Pittsburgh batteries (Captain Knap in command) re-crossed the river and were placed in position on the nortli bank, covering, the pontoon bridge, over which the army was retreatin-g the whole of that dcay and the night following. At dlayliglht on the 6th the eneimy was discovrered throwing up earthworks on an opposite eminence. Fire was opened ulpon him, to which he replied with two twenty-four pound howitzers and several rifled guns posted to the right and left. The eighteen guns of tlhe three batteries SOOii SUCel-eded in blowing up the rebel caissons, silencin-g their guns, and compelling, the gunners to run to the cover of the woods, leaving their pieces on the field. WVhen the army had re-crossed the river and the last pontoon bad been takeni up, Knap's, Hampton's, and Thompson's Pittsburgh Batteries, the last of all that army to leave the field, retired and retuirned to camp. The losses of the batteries in men and horses were very heavy, Lieutenant Charles Atwell, of Battery E, being among the wounded. Captain Knap had bis horse shot under him, and himnself narrowly escaped death. The record of Captain Robert B. Hampton is -such a brilliant one that no worcls of praise that we can -now write wouLld add any lustre to it.'As he was carried from the field, past the Chancellor House, the headquarters of General Hooker, notwithstanding the hurry and confusion of the battle, the commanding, general found timne to lean over his wounded comrade and bid him " good-bye, and be of good cheer." We subjoin an extract from a letter of General Joe Hookier to a gentleman of this city, speaking of Captain Hampton: " LOOKOUT VALLEY, TENNESSEE, February 24, 1864. " MY DEAR SIR,. It was my fortune to make the,acquaintance of Captain Hampton in California, and wheii I assure you that his character as a citizen was marked by quLalities nio less attractive than those subsequently displayecl by bim as a soldier, you will ble able to appreciate miy fi-iendsbip for that lamented officer. Indeed, his character was almost faultless. Genial, generous, strong and faithful in Iiis friendship in private life, aiid in his official character humiorous, brave, ancl noble. Of all who have fallen victims to the rebellion, I know of no fiiner spirit than that of your frieind, Bob Hampton. "Very respectfully, your fiiend, " JOSEPH HOOKER, "Major-General." On the 18th -of May Captain Knap resigned, to accept a partiiership in and tlhe general superintendence of the Fort Pitt Foundry, whiere imiuense numbers of heavy g-Lns and m-ortars were being cast for the use of t-he general government. Lieutenant Atwell was promoted to suciceed him, and Sergeant Sloan was commissioned Second Lieutenant. The battery remained attacbed to the Twelfth Army Corps, but Batteries C and F, having become so reduced in numbers as to be unable to man their guns, were united under command of Captain Thompson, with the title of " Batteries C and F, Independent Pennsylvania Artillery Volunthe line with Duryea's brigade, replying to a rebel battery upon the right front. Findingr that a battery upon tlle left had got the exact range of his guns, Captain Thompson turined bis fire uIpoin it. "Immediately afterwards," says Captain Thompson, in his official report, "1 I was ordered to advance, wlien I selected a little knoll in the centre of a corn-field, aind comliDginto action, I observed the enermy's infantry advancing fronm the woods to our right. I at once directed my fire oil them, using t7aree, two, and oiie and Cb half second fuise, as thley advanced, but was unable to use canister, as nilany of our mnen, retiring wounded, got in front of my guDs. Finding, at length the remnants of the brigade retiring, their ammunition exbausted, and the enemny already in the coi n-field, witliin seventy-five yards of the battery-I retired to the rising ground in the centre of the grass-field, about two bundrecl yards in the rear, and continued my fire. But finding tbat all our division had gone and that miy men and horses were falling fast, I linibered up and moved off, just as fresh troops, com'ing up, obliqued across in fi-ont of the battery, in position for our reliief. Oiie guns had to be abandonecl for a few moments, on account of the loss of horses, until other horses could return for it, when guns and limbers were broug,ht off in safety. The loss was eleven men wounded, one mortally, and thirteen horses killed." The. artillery had been served well during th-e day, and night closed the lon'g and desperately contested battle of the 17tb. Nearly two bundred thlousand men and five hundred pieces of artillery were for foulrteen hours engaged in th-is memorable battle. The Army of the Potomac, notwithstanding the imoral effect of previous reverses, had achieved a victory over ail advelrsary invested with the prestige of recent success. Our soldiers slept that nigoht, conquerors, on a field wvon by their valor, and covered with the dead and wounded of the enemy. In1 the reor,,ainization of the armny, following, the battle of Antietam, Thompson's Battery was attachecl to the Second Division of the First Army Corps, and Knap's and Hampton's Batteries to the famous "White Star Division" of the Twelfth Army Corps. Oti the 13th day of IDecemuber, 1862, th-e battle of Fredericksburg was fought, in which Thompson's Battery was enua:,ed. The Twelfth Corps not arrivin-, in time to participate in the batutle, the other two batteries were no t en-ac,ed. The Chancellorsville campaig,n was ba:,un towards the, close of April, 1863, when Thompson's Battery, with the First Corps, was sent to the lower crossing of the Rappahannock, and covered the troops while laying the pontoons across the river at Purdy's Dam. Oni the 30th of April and on the 2d of May the battery did good service. Oti the afternoon of the latter day the First Corps moved to the support of Hooker on Chancellorsville, arriving at the front durin- tlhe night and taking a position on tl-ie ri-,ht of the Iline of battle at two o'clock A.MI., but at eleven A.MI. it was relieved aild ordered to jOill the reserve artillery. Knap's and Hampton's Batteries, crossinlg the Rappahannock at United States Ford, weilt into positioil ini the el-ntre of the line, just in front of the Chancellor House, used by General Hooker as his headquarters,-at nine o'clock in the mornin-. The fighting, during the early part of the dawy was mainly done by General Sykes, with tlie regulars; buLt from about four o'clock until long -after dark the batteries were hotly engaged. The account of this portion of the battle is from the pen of Mr. L. L. Crounse, correspondent of the New York Times, who oil thlat occasion sat his horse like a soldier, and made notes of the progress of affairs while under fire. He. writes: "At 4.36 P.M., Colonlel Diven,'who hacl cavalry skirmnishers on thle plank roacl, reported the enemy advancin:, inl fore-, and drivinff in his pickets. He was soon discovered deployiiio to the ri-,hit and General Slocum promptly met the mlove by sending in Geary's division and Hampton's Pittsburgh Battery. For a wbile there was a cessation in the desultory and spasmodic firing,, which had been goin^, on for two hours. But at six o'clock a most desperate charue was made uponl our batteries commanding the plank road. The rebels advanced througOh the woods at a rapid pace anad got within point blank canister range of ouLr guns; a colum-n, also) came up the road wildly. Geary met them with great promptness, and, wheeling a regiment into the road, a deadly - olley was poured into their advance. At the same tinie Knap a-nd Hampton double-shotted their guns with canister, ancl for fifteen minutes there was another fiery episode. Of course, the enemy were repulsed with heavy loss. Their killed and wounlded fell in the timber in front of our batteries, and the leaves and brush having been set on fire by shells, the poor wretches suffered a double death." The next day, May 2, Hampton's and Best's (U. S.) Batteries were posted on the road leadino, east, wbile Knap was in position to the left on the road leadin-, north from the Chancellor House, where they were engaged durin-, th-e day. Howard's famous blundering having resulted in the defeat of the Eleventh Corps, Knap and Hampton wfere imoved, about midniglht, to the right of the line, and went into position facingf south, formiDg a portion of a line of forty guns, under command of Captain Best, Chief of Artillery, Twelfth Army Corps, inteiided to200Sloan was made captain, ancl held that positioni uiltil the battery was miustered out on the 14th of June, 185 nPitbrh The followinle, is tlhe roster of the officers of Battery E: Joseph. M. Knap, Captain, mustered into service August 5, 1S61; resi-nedl MIay 18, 1 863. Charles A. Atwell, Captain, woundecl at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 2, 1863; proimotecl fromi First Lieutenant J-uly 16, 1863; clied iTovember 1, I863, of wounds received at Wauhatchie, Tennessee, October 29, 1863; buried in Allegheny Cemetery. James D. McGill, Captain, mustered into service September 21, 1861; promoted from- Second to First Lieutenant; to Captaiin March 12, 1S64 - woulnded at Peach-Tree Creek, Georgia; resigned July, 1864. Thomas S. Sloan, Captain, mustered into service September 21, 1S61; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 16, 1863; to First Lieutenanlt March 12, 1864; to Captalin Septeniber 10, 1S64; mustered out Juine 14, 1865. Clement Tingley, Jr., First Lieutenant, mustered into service Aug,ust 23, 1861; resigned May 13, 1862. Edward R. Geary, First Lieutenaint, mustered into service September 6, 1861; wrounled at Cedar Mountain Virginia, Augfust 9, 1S62; promoted from Secoiid Lieutenaint July 16, 1863; commissioined Captain of Hampton's Battery October 20, 1863 (niot mustered); Brevet-Major and Lieutenant-Coloinel March 13, 1865; killecl at Wauhatchie, Tennessee, October 29, 1S63. James A. Dunlevy, First Lieutenant, mustered illtO service October 29, 1861; promioted to Second Lieutenant; to First Lieutenant March 13, 1S63; comlilissionecl Captaiii July 9, 1864 (not miustered); resignzed August 5, 1S64. Adam Shaw, First Lieutenant, mustered into servTice July 11, 1861; wounded at Antietam, Maryland, Septem-ber 17, 1862; promoted to Second Lieutenaint March 30, 1864; to First Lieutenant October 15, 1864; mtustered out June 14, 1S65. William R. Stokes, First Lieutenant, mustered into service July 11, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant March 31, 1864; to First Lieutenant September 16, 1 864; n-iustered out June 14, 1 865. S. W. McClosky, Secoind Lieutenant, n-iustered. into'service July 6, 1 861; promoted to Second Lieutenanit October 15., 1864; mustered out June 14, 1865. Edward Hamman, Second Lieutenaiit, m-ustered into service October 29, 1861; wounded at Front Royal, Tirginia, May 23, 1862; promnoted to Second Lieutenant Septem-ber 16, 1864; mustered out Julie 14, 1865. Batteries C and F were attach-ed to the Secoind Army Corps after the battle of Gettysburg, and sbared the fortunes of that famous corps. Wbhei the army returiied to Virginia the batteries mioved with the columils, crossing the Potomac at:Berlin aind advancing, to Culpepper Court-House. Oii the Ilth of October, 1863, it conmmenced falling back to Centreville Heights, the enemy threatenin-g to tuLrn the rig,ht flaiik of the armiy; but on the 15th a-aiii advaiceed, and engaged with the enemy at Blackburn's Ford. Towards the close of Noveimber the arimy was put in luotion for a vigorous campai-,n. The batteries crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford aind the Rapidan at Germania Ford, and on the 27th aind 28th were engaged at Mine Run, alid oin the 29th and 30th at White Hall Church. On the 6th of February, 1S64, they joined in the movemeiit to Morton's Ford, oil the Rapidan, anid on the'6th were engaged. In the spring both batteries were ordered to Camp Barry, at W ashington, to reorganize; they having, each been recruited to their miaximuni quota, were thereafter separate organizations, Battery C ulnder corinmiand of Captain Thompson, aind Battery F uinder command of Captain Nathaniel Irish, be having been restored to his position by order of the Secretary of War. Thompson's battery was retained ill the defenses of Wasbiington until the 20th of June, 1865, when it was ordered to Pittsburgh, and on the 30th of that month it was mustered out of the service. The following is the roster of its officers: James Thompson, Captain, mustered into service August 24, 1861; wouinded at Gettysburg July 2,.1863; Brevet Major and Lieutenant-Colonel Mfarch 13, 1865; muistered out with battery June 30, 1865. John P. Barry, First Lieutenant, mustered inito service November 6, 1861; discha'rged October 10, IS62. James Stephenson, First Lieutenant, niustered into service Novem-ber 6, 1861; promoted from Sergeant January 1, 1862; wouinded at Bull Run, Virginia, August 30, 1862, and at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863; Brevet Captain. March 13, 1865; resigned January 22, 1864. Robert C. Hazlett, First Lieuteniant, mustered into service September 27, 1861; proimoted to Second Lieutenant November 4, 1862; to First Lieutenant February 8, 1864; Brevet Captain March 13, 1865; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; discharged February 7, 1865. Thomas Brown, First Lieutenant, mustered inlto service November 6, 1S61; promoted to First Lieutenant June 26, 1864l; discharged October 22, 1L864. teers, and attached to the reserve artillery, Army of the Potomac, commanded by General R. O. Tyler. On the 3d of June, IS863, Lieutenant Fleming, of Hampton's Battery, resigned; and on July 26 Lieutenant Harbours also resig,ned. Robert Paul, First Sergeant, was promoted to second lieutenant to fill the vacancy, and Lieutenant Irish was promoted to the captaincy. On Saturday, June 13, tlhe movemnents which culn-tinated in the battle of Gettysburg, were begun from Falmouth, Virginia. The Ist of July found the batteries at Taneytown, Maryland. On the 2d of July, at Gettysbur-,, Batteries C and F went iiito position in the Peach Orchard, at the angle of General Sickles's line, two guns facing to the west aiid four to the south; where, for the space of an hour, they were desperately engaged with the enleniy's infantry and artillery. The batteries were driven back with Sickles's corps, with the loss of one gun, abandoned on account of all the horses having been killed, and the -round being of such a nature that it could not be bauled off by haiid. It was, however, recovered oni the 4th. The loss in the Peach Orchard was fourteen men and eighteen horses. Oii the 3d of July the batteries were posted with the Second Corps, holdin-, the left cenreof helile,and with that COl'pS were engag,ed on the afternoon of that day in the fierce struggle which finally decided the battle. The clump of trees which mark the position of General Webb's division on the Iinie where Pickett's famous charge struck and broke through the defenses was just to their ri-ht. To describe the part they took in'the struggle would necessitate the repetitionl of the oft-toldl anld faiiiliar story of the boldest and most clisastrous charge of the war. Aimonig the woundced were both captains, Thompson and Irish, the latter severely; Lieutenants Stephenson and Hazlett, of Battery C, and Lieutenant Miller, of Battery F, mortally. Colonel MeGilvrey comman'ding tlhe artillery brigade, in his official report of the battle, says," In conclusion, I feel it my cluty to state that the officers and men of my own briu,ade and other batteries that served under me durinog the two-days' battle behaved in the most gallant imanner. On the 2d of July, whlen the battle ra-,ed miost fuLriously, Batteries C and F, Pen-nsylvania Artillery, contested every inllch of grouinc, and reniained on the field to the very last." Durinog the battle of Gettysburg, Knap's Battery was attached to the Twelfth Army Corps, onl the right of the line, and Lieutenant Geary was po'sted witlh two guns on thle right of that corps. The remlainin-, four guns were witlh tlhe Second Army Corps on the first day, but witli the Twelfth Army Corps durin- the remainlder of the fight. The pursuit of the enemy ill his flight from the field had been carried as far as Culpepper Court-House, when, on the 28th of Septeimber, tlhe Eleventh aiid Twelfth Army Corps were ordered to jOill the Army of the Cumberland, shut up in Chattanooga. Knap's Battery, with tlhis comlmand, imlmecliately imovecl to Washington, wheire it was relieved of its superfluous intpedigitenta, anld proceeded by rail -to Bridgeport, Alabama. At nine o'clock on the mc,rniin- of tlle 29th of October it arrived, with General Geary's command, at Wauhatchie Junction, where it went into park. At a little after midnuight, Geary's comlmand, wbich consistecl of oinly a part of his division, was attacked by a powerfuLl rebel force. The battle raged for a time with fearful earnestness, and the battery was a special target for the rebel infantry fire. The slaughter on both sides was fearful. Finally, finding th-at no advantagle was being gained, and that Iiis ranks were beiin- decimated, the rebel leader gave up the contest and fled, leaviii- his dead and woulnded on the field. The battery suffered severe loss. Captain Atwell was mortally wounded, and Lieutenant Geary, a son of the general commanding, was killed. The latter had that day received his commission as captain of the Hampton Battery, to fill a vacancy caused by the dismissal of Captain Irish. As Captain Geary was never mustered with that rank in Hampton's Battery, his name does not appear on the rolls of the company; yet the surviving members have very properll inscribed, his name on the monument erected by them in the Allegheny City Park to the memory of their fallen comrades. Thus, in that fearfuLl night-battle at Wauhatchie, t-liere were lost to their country and friends two brave officers and courtly gentlemen, whose kinclly dispositioins endeared them to all who knew them-such men as those of whom it was written, "The bravest are the tenderest, The loving are the daring." A little less than a month later, the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Riclge occuLrred, in both of which the battery participated. Early in 1864 a majority of the mYen re-enlisted, and were given a veteran furlough. Lieutenant McGill succeeded to the captaincy. In the famous " march to the sea" the battery was with Geary's command. Captain McGill having been severely wounded oii July 20, 1864, he so'on after resigned, the commnand devolviing on Lieutenant J. A. Dunlevy. This officer having resignled on account of ill-health, Lieutenanthead and front of the rebellion, and sent it finally to the dust. Every livinlg man who has faithfully servecl in that army deserves uinfading, laurels, and every one of the tens of tliousands of its heroic dead should have a monument as enduring as the Republic.'' This is high but merited praise, and Allegheny County cani feel proud that her most famous artillery organizations belon-ed to this most fam.ous of our armies. WEST VIRGINIA TROOPS.* The first company from Allegheny County that entered into the service of other States was Company A of the Second West Virginia Regiment. This company was organized in Allegheny and Pittsburgh by Major Abijah Ferguson, an old Mexican veteran, who being rather f'eeble for active service, the command devolved upon Captain A. C. Hays and Lieutenants D. L. Smith and Oliver R. West. It was one of the very first companies organized after the attack upon Fort Sumter, and immedia.tely tenclered its services to Governor Andrew Curtin. So anxious were the men to serve their native State that they sent their first lieutenant, David L. Smith, to Harrisburg to personally urue the acceptance of their services, presuminu from the fact of his having, recently been a member of the Legislature, that he could prevail upon the Governor to accept thvem. The Governor prom'ised that they should be enrolled aimong the first troops; but General Negley, who had charge of the organization of the troops fiqom the West, accepted the services of a number of companies from Allegheny County, and companies from- other counties complaiined that they were excluded; so Lieutenant Smith was inforiined by the Governor that his coimpany would have to await another call of troops. The mein now becanme impatient, and in the midst of the excitement news came that the rebels had captured Harper's Ferry, taken possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and were movTing on the Pennsylvania line and menacing Wheeling, West Virginia. The loyal people of Wheelinog called for aid. This company, then known as the WVashington.Rifle Guards, clhartered the steamer " McCombs" and took passage for WYheeling, arriving there the 10th day of May, 1S61. On the 21st day of May, 1S61, Major James Oakes, of the regular United States Army, mustered them into the serv7ice of the United States for. three years. This was the first company of Pennsylvanians that were mustered for three-years' service; all the troops who were mustered prior to th'at time and for some tiime subsequently bein-z, known as three-mlonths' iien. On the mornin-, of the 25th of May, 1S61, this company (A), together withi the First West Virginia Infantry (three-months' troops), under command of Colonel Kelly, left Wheeling and advranced alonu the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad towairds Grafton, wlhiich point was then held by the rebel army. At Glover's Gap, Company A was detached to guard that importailt position, and more particularly to break up a rebel military organization known to be in that section, under command of Captain Christian Roberts. Onl the mornin- of May 27, a detachment, under commaind of Lieutenant Oliver R. West, encountered Captain Roberts and a portion of his command, and in the melee Roberts was killed, being the first armed rebel soldier that fell in the war; thus to Allegheny County troops belongs the credit of killing the first armed soldier of the Confederacy, Jackson, the murderer of Colonel Ellsworth, who had been slain a few days previous, having been a CilVli.an. Upon General McClellan assumiii, command of the army in Western Virginia, Company A was detailed as his body-guard alon- with one company of regular infantry, and remained at his headqual-ters as such during the time he remained in coimmaind of that departmeint, participating in the brilliant victory at Rich Mountain, July 11, 1S61. After the first battle of Bull Run, General McClellan was called to Washington to take command of the Army of the Potomac, and Company A remained at Beverly, West Virginia, until the arrival of the remainin-, compaiiies of the reginment, which had been enrolled and organized at Wheeling some time after its departure. Am-ong these companies were three more from Allegheny County, who had followed the exaimple of Company A and entered the service of Western Virginia, and for the same reasons as had actuated Company A. These were the Pittsburgh Zouaves, Captain Thomas Gibson; Belmont Guards, Captain Alexander Scott, and Plummer Guards, Captain C. T. Ewing. Upon the arrival of these companies at Wheeling they had been promptly accepted by Governor Pierpont, of Western Virginia, a'nd becanie known thereafter as Companies D, F, and G of the Second West Virginia Infantry. They, along with the rest of that gallant regiment, which contained quite a number of other Pennsylvanians, not e-xclusively from Allegheny County, however, and therefore not comling properly F. Eichelberger, First Lieutenant, mustered into service November 6, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant AuLgust 3, 1864; to First Lieutenaint November 25, 1864; resigned June 17, 1865. James Mitchell, First Lieutenant, mustered into service October 28, 1S61; promoted to Second Lieutenant September 6, 1864; to First Lieutenanit February 28, 1865; mustered out June 30, 1865. A. J. Longsdorf, Second Lieutenanit, mustered iinto service January 1, 1862; resigned October 10, 1862. James L. McKee, Secoild Lieutenant, mustered into service July 6, 1863; promoted to Secoind Lieutenant November 25, 1864; mustered out June 30, 1865. W. H. Bruce, Second Lieutenant, mustered into service August 21, 1862; promoted to Second Lieutenant February 28, 1865; muster'ed out June 30, 1865. After the reorganization of Hampton's Battery, under command of Captain Irish, in the spring of 1864, it was sent to the front at Harper's Ferry. Breckenridge was then m-aking his raid into Maryland, and to the rear of Washington. The troops stationed at Harper's Ferry beling, without experience, the members of Hampton's Battery rendered most efficient service-on duty as scouts and on the outposts, being, armed for the time with Springfield rifles. In the fall of 1864 it was remounted and equipped with three-inch rifled guns, and was attacbed to General W. S. Hancock's command, where it reimained until June, 1865, when it was ordered to Pittsburgh, and on the 26th was mustered out. The following is the roster of the battery: Robert B. Hampton, Captain, mustered into service October 17, 1S61; killed at ChancellorsvTille, Virginia, May 3, 1863, and buried in Allegheny Cemetery. Nathaniel Irish, Captain, mustered inito service January 31, IS62; proinloted from First Lieutenant to date Mlay 24, 1863; wouinded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; mustered out with battery June 26, 1865. (Since dead.) Lewis S. Tarr, First Lieutenant, m-ustered inito service October 17, 1S61; discharged Pecember 2S, 1S61. James P. Fleming, First Lieutenaint, mustered into service October 17, 1S61; resigned June 3, 1863. Robert PaulL, First Lieutenant, mustered into service October A, l861; promoted from Sergeant Junie 2, 1863; dischar-ed June 3, 1865. Joseph B. Todd, First Lieuteinant, mustered into service October 8,:1S61; promoted from Sei-geant tIlarch 5, 1S64; discharged June 3, IS65; since died froim' the effects of wounds received at Gettysbuirg July 2, 1863. Fredric L.Atwood,First Lieutenant, mustered into service Au-,ust S,1862; promoted from Sergeant to Second Lieutenant Novemlber 9, 18(63; to First Lieutenant March 8, 1865; Brevet Captain, Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel for bravery on the field March 13, IS65; died in California, May, 1876. George Ritchie, First Lieutenant, mustered into service Auf,ust S, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; prom1oted fr-om private to First Sergeant; to Second Lieutenant February 25, 1865; to First Lieutenant March 9, 1865 Brevet Captain, Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel Marell 13, 1865, for bravery; muistered out June 26, 1S65. A. N. Harbours, Second Lieutenant, mustered into service January 1, 1862; resigned July 26, 1862. Joseph L. Miller, Second Lieutenant, mustered into service August 6, 1S862; died of wounds received at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; buried in Allegheny Cemetery. Samuel P. Glass, Second L ieutenant, mustered ir1to service October 8, 1S61; promoted from Sergeanlt July 26, 1863; commissioned First Lieutenant January 1,1865 (not mustered); discharged February 22, 1865. Frank H. Shiras, Second Lieutenant, mustered into service August 8, 1862; promoted from Sergeant March 9, IS6a; mustered out June 26, 1865. Frank A. Merrick, Second Lieutenant, mustered into service Aug,ust 12, 1862 promoted from Sergeant M\arch 10, 1865; mustered out June 26, 186-. The three batteries lost, in killed in action or who diecl froml wouncls received in the service, forty-nine mein, and of wounded nearly double that number. They were in active service for nearly four years in the old Army of the Potomac, and their history is a part of that army.-of which most truthfully and justly, at the close of the war,it was said, " This army, from the beginning, has preserved its identity like no other of the national forces. The elementKs of all the other carmies have been continually chan-,ing by transfers from one line of operations to another. The Arnsy of the Potomac has had but one object, bas operated but in one field, has been kept substantia ly) undivided, and has acquired a peculiar compactness of organization and unity of spirit. It haSs always occupied the fore-round of the war, and all brilliant exploits elsewbere could but momentarily draw the public eye froml it. Five times as much blood has been spilled by the Army of the Potomac as by all the other national forces combinecl. ( Everybody has felt that on its strong l-ight arni mainly depended the fate of the nation. The Army of the Potomac ought alway s to be remlembered as the army that was pitted against the very HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 206;;, By Hon. Wm. R. Graham.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY under the scope of this worlk, endured the most active service imagrinable, traversing Virginia from one end to the other, participatin-, in the battles of Elkwater, Camp Allegheny, McDowell, Monterey, Cross-Keys, Cedar Mountain, Waterloo Bridge, ancl the series of actions culmninatin- in the second Bull Run battle. After the battle of Antietam they were transferred to West Virginia again, and, the State beinog in great want of cavalry, their regiment, by order of the War Department, was mounted, and thereafter became known as the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. One of the Allegheny companies, G, Captain Ewing, was furnished with six rifled guns, and became prominently known thereafter as Ewing's Battery. As cavalry and artillery, a still more arduLous career was before them; but they wvere equal to the task, and took part with great gallantry in the severe battles of Beverly, White Sulphur Springs, Droop Mountain, Cloyd Mountain, and Staunton. They were at different times under the immediate command of the following disting,uished generals: Kelly, McClellan, Reynolds, Milroy, Fremont, Sigel, Pope, Banks, Crook, Hunter, and Averill. IJpon the expiration of the three-years' terin, a large number of the survivors re-enlisted as veterans, and were consolidated witli the Sixth West Virginia Cavalry, and remained in active servTice until the conclulsion of the war, wlhen, instead of beinr, disbandecl like the majority of re-,iments, they were sent out on the frontiers of Colorado ancl Dakota to fight the Indians, who were givinog considerable trouble, aind were not finally dischar-,ed uiitil the sprin, of 1866, havinf, seen five years' active service. These four companies fuLrnished quite a nuniber of commissioned officers for their own and other regiments, among whom we merltion the followingt, the miost of w'hom rose from the ranks, and were promnoted for gallant and meritorious conduct: Lieutenant-Colonel David L. Smith, Chief Commissary Fifth Army Corps. Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Scott, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Major D. D. Barclay, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Major Thos. Gibson, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Major J. D. Owens, Second West Virginia Infantry. Captain Oliver R. West, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Captain Wm. Otto, Second West Virginia Infantry. Captain J. F. Hunter, Second West Virginia Infantry. Captain J. B. Smith, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Captain J. R. Frisbee, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Captain A. J. Pentecost, brevetted by the President for gallant and meritorious services. Captain Hannam Gray, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry. Lieutenant Jas. R. Hutchinson, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Lieutenant Jacob Colmer, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Lieutenant A. J. Chambers, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. Lieutenant James Black, Fifth West Viginia Cavalry. Lieutenant Howard Morton, Battery G, First West Virginia Artillery. Lieutenant Alfred Sickman, Battery G, First West Virginia Artillery. Lieutenant Samuel J. Shearer, Battery G, First West Virginia Artillery. Lieutenant Wm. Schmolze, Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. SKETCHES OF EMINENT MILITARY MEN. GENERAL ALEXANDER HAYS.* Alexander Hays, first Colonel of the Sixty-third Regiment, and Brevet MajorGeneral of Volunteers, was born at Franklin, Venango County, July 8, 1819. He was the son of General Samuel Hays, a native of Ireland, and Agnes (Broadfoot) Hays. After acquiring, a primary eduLcation in the schools of his native place, be entered Allegheny College, at Meadville; and subsequently, in 1840, was appointed a cadet in the Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated in 1844, and where, for tliree years, he was a fellow-student of President Grant. He was assit,ned to duty with the rank of brevet second lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry, to which Grant also belonged, then constituting part of the army of observation stationed in Louisiana. His reCimlent was among the first to advance upon t-he enemy's territory in the Mexican war, and in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma he exhibeted undaunted heroism, capturing, in connection with Lieutenant Woods, likewise a Pennsylvanian, the first gun wrested from the enemy. In the latter en-a-ement he was wounded in the leg. He was promoted for gallantry to first lieutenant, and transferred to the Eighth Infantry. COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. His wouncl unfitting him for duty, be was sent on recr-Litin- service to Western Pennsylvania, where he enlisted a company of two hundred men, with whom he rejoined the army at Vera Cruz. " About this time," says Colonel Oliphant, in his sketch of Hays, " General Joe Lane was ready to start on a m-ore northern line of operations to the city of Mexico. Lieutenant Hays was appointed assistant adjutant-general of the expedition. The young lieutenant was the head and heart and soul of the expedition, m-aterially contributing to the reputat-ion of his commander, which no doubt afterwards sent hiin to the United States Senate from Oregon." "His record in the Mexican war, says Dr. Paxton, in his fuLneral discourse, "was that of a brave and skillful soldier, whose courage could be trusted in any emeruency, and whose ability was eqtual to his will to dare." A year previous be had married Annie, daughter of John B. McFadden, a proinent citizen of Pittsburgh; and on bis return from Mexico, tiring of the dull moiiotony of army life, be resigned his comimand and engfaged in the manufacture of iron in that city. A stag,nation in the businelss occurred, and the venture was a failure. His West Point education had made him a skillful engineer, aiic he en,a-ed in raili-oad engineerin^, first in California, and subsequently in Western Pennsylvania, where he was enagaed in makzin;, drafts for an iron bridge when the Rebellion broke ouLt. WVithout waitin, to fiinish his draft, he laid it aside, saying to hlis wife) "'That kind of work is now ended; my couintry has called, and I must hasten to the field." He enlisted in a militia company in Pittsburgh, known as the " City Guard," of which lie was at once chosen captain. This company became part of a regiment raised at Pittsburgh for the threemonths' service, and he was commissioned major by Governor Curtin. Not long before, Floyd, of Virginia, then Secretary of War, bad ordered a number of heavy guns from the Allegheny Arsenal, and a large anmouLnt of ordnancee stores, to some miythiical fort near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Major Hays was one of those who resisted their removal, rightly judging of tlle use they would be put to; and by assuming, a bold front and a determined spirit to prevent it, the guns and material were ordered back to the arsenal. In the summer of 1861 be was appointed captain in the Sixteenth United States Infantry, but declined the honor; and at the close of the term of s--rvice of the Twelfth Regiment, be returned hom-e, and at once set aboult recruiting a recrin-ient for the war. -His companions of the City Guard followed him, and his regfiment was desionated the Sixty-third Pennsylvania, of which he was commissioned colonel. After a thorout,b drill at Camp Wilkins, he led it to the fielcl. "Its history," says Colonel Oliphant, "1 is bright with laurels, and red with the blood of its decin-iated ranks." Its commander was the friend, comrade, and fightin, colonel of a figlhting gener-al-brave old Phil. Kearney. Kearney was so supeillatively brave hiniself. that unless the beariii- of another was akin to his own death-defying courage, it failed to attract bis notice. Colonel Hays is the only one of his officers that he is known to have complimented for this virtue, except in an official report. Aft-er the battle of Fair Oaks, conversinog Wit}l a gl'OUp of officers, he referred to the gallant conduct of Colonel Hays. One of the officers ventured the suggestion that he was " rash and reckless." " No, sir! No! said Kearney; " you are mistaken. Although he storms like a fury on the field, his purpose is clear, and his brain as cool as on drill or parade;- and hix battle tactics are superb." Colonel Hays was kept upon the front line, facing, Richmnond, durinog that sultry month which intervTenedl between Fair Oaks and the seven-days' battles, and had frequLent hot skirmishing witli the enemy. His regiment was in the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, and fouLght splen-didly. General Kearney again most heartily complimented him for his gallant and efficient handlino, of his command. The general, in speaking of the battle, says) " It was then that Colonel Hays, with the Sixty-third Pennsylvania, and.half of the Thirty-seventh New York, Regiments, was moved to the line of the guns. I have bere to call to the attention of my superior chiefs thi's most heroic action on the part of Colonel Hays and his regiment. The Sixty-third has won for Pennsylvania the laurels of fame. That which grape and canister failed in effecting was accomplished by the rapid charge and volleys of this foot. The enemy, at the muzzles of our guns, for the first time retired, fI,ng stbbrny Subsequiently, ground havitig been gained, the Sixty-third was ordered to I'lie low, and the battery once more opened its ceaseless worlc of destruction. This battle sawv three renewed onsets, with similar vicissitudes. If there was one man in this attack, there must have been teit tho)usanld, and their loss by artillery, althouo,h borne with much fortitude, must have been immense." General Berry also spoke in terms of the warmnest praise of Colonel Hays's gallant and soldierly conduct. His next severe encounter was in the second Bull Run battle; Colonel Hays being put into the eng,agement in the neighborhood of Groveton. He was here badly wounded, his le,, bein-, sbattered at the ankle, while leadino, his men in,;' From " Martial Deeds."u I 4 I dI NM 9- -.-- m I mj 9 I ED j p (25 1 1 I I' I I i i i I I i A;slw 91 I I I I i, - I I I - I I I i [,I -1 I - O' I ha. I Nw N (E) 2A I 9 )c',E t C-.,?. 4-1-") I UI/ 1.54--, t T \4". 6', o I Ili I W Iq.I rk lw j m (,.V,J-a blu. I Q R-m V.,w I. I PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO.0 PHILADELPHIA.28 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Quebec. He studied the French language, and became a great favorite with the ladies and the various Indians with whom he became acquainted, and one of them, the Mississaga nation, conferred their highest honors upon him, by making hima citizen. After the defeat of Braddock, Stobo's letters from Fort Duquesne were found among the unfortunate general's papers he was at once put in Eclose confinement, and soon after tried for his life, and condernned to death. The sentence of the court was forwarded to Paris for the King's sanction, but from reason the monarch did not approve it; and, though they often threatened him with the halter, atid heaped indignities upon him, yet they never put their threats in execution. Some time during the year 1756 Stobo escaped from prison, but a reward of six. thousand livries was offered for his apprehension, and he was soon retaken and put in close dungeon, where he remained for six weeks, when he was put into the common jail. The French prisoner, La Force, was offered in exchange for him; but the French declined, as he knew too much about their matters to be released. It would seem from the narrative that Stobo attempted twice to escape, and was each time retaken; and it is a singular fact that at about the same time thlat he and Van Braam were breaking jail in Quebec;, La Force, who was taken at the Junmonville affair, was making a similar attempt to escape from Williamsburg jai1, in Virginia, where, he had been injured and treated with severity by Governor Dinwiddie, against the expostulations of Washington. Botli Stobo and La Force were captured and returned to prison. Eventually, Captain Stobo, by the intercession of a fair lady, who took pity on him was granted greater liberties. Some British officers, prisoners in Quebec, were allowed to visit him, and together they concocted a scheme by which they finally effected, their escape. The party found a boat, and, embarking on the river, rowed lustily all night down the St. Lawrence, and laid up during the day in the woods. For ten days they laid quiet in the woods, and rowed by night. At one time they were very nearly shipwrecked, and at other times they were in great danger of capture by French arnd vessels. They captured a company of Indians, shot then, and sunk them in the river with a stone tied to them. A little farther on they captured a boat with a party of five persons,. including a French officer, who had been down the river to purchase wheat for the forces at Quebec. They were very nearly caught by a French frigate, but managed to escape only to run into the guns of a sloop of war, from which they also escaped. They were obliged at one time to overhaul aud repair their boat, which they accomplished under great difficulties, after a delay of eight days. By a most desperate move they captured an armed schooner, and with herguns compelled her consort to surrender. The party eventually reached Louisburg after a most remarkable series of adventures continued through thirty-eight days. In a few days Stobo embarked on board a vessel and returned to Quebec, which Wolfe was then closely besieging. He was immmediately employed by the general, and did good service until the place capitulated, when he sailed for Boston on board a transport. On the passage she was taken by a privateer, but the Frenchman was so crowded with prisoners that he paroled and sen t them all to Halifax. From this place he went overland and joined General Amherst on Lake Champlain, where he stayed until the close of the season, when he returned to Virginia. The Assembly hastened to pass a vote of thanks, and also arranged his back pay, and made him a present of a thousand pounds, as a mark of esteem. They also granted him a furlough for twelve months. On the 18th of February 1760, Stobo embarked for England, carrying numerous letters from Generals Amherst, Monkton, and others. They had a prosperous voyage until they reached the English channel, when they were overhauled by a French war vessel and captured. The French commander, however, let them off for a ransom of two thousand five hundred pounds. The major's share was one hundred and twenty-five pounds. He now visited London, where he stayed a short time and wrote up a modest account of his adventures, when he applied for a command in America, where Amherst was preparing for a finishing, campaign against the French at Montreal. He was furnished with a letter from Mr. Pitt to General Amherst, requesting that officer to give him a command, by the, approbation of the King and his ministers. He sailed for New York on the 24th of April, 1760. Here the narrative leaves him, and his subsequent career we have not been able to find any account of. How long La Force was kept a prisoner at Williamsburg we do not know, but he appears to have been in command of a schooner called the " Iroquois," on Lake Ontario, during the investment of Fort Niagara. He was sent by Monsieur Pouchot, in command of the fort, to Frontenac for reinforcements. Afterwards we hear of him cruising off Oswego. From the date of Stobo's letters, written in Fort Duquesne in July, 1754, we have no special inforimation of what was passing, at the fort until the opening, of the spring of 1755, and the commencement of General Braddock's campaign. CHAPTER VI, BRADDOCK S CAMPAIGN-BATTLE OF MONONGAHELA-SCENES AT FORT DUQUESNE. WASHINGTON left his regiment at Will's Creek, and in company with Captain Mackay proceeded to Williamsburg, and in person gave the Governor an account of the campaign. His conduct. and that of his troops, was warmly approved by the Governor, the Counncil, and the people. From here he went to Mount Vernon to attend to his private affairs, visited his mother at Frederickcsburg, and soon after rejoined his regiment. He soon received instructions to fill up his broken companies and join Colonel Innes, who, with the remnant of the North Carolina troops, Captain Mackay's company from South Carolina, and the two independent companies from New York, was building Fort Cumberland* at Will's Creek. The Virinia, Assembly (or House of Burgesses) met in October and voted twent;y thousand pounds for the public service, and the home government granted ten thousand pounds additional, and a supply of arms. In reply to Governor Dinwiddie's letters regarding the respective rank of English and Colonial officers, the Ministers replied that all officers conmmissioned by the King or his generals should take precedence of officer's of the provincials. Tllis virtually reduced Washington to a captain, and he indignantly resigned his commission. On the 24th of September, 1754, Major-Genenral Edward Braddock, while stationed at Gibraltar, was appointed to the chief command of all the British troops in North America,and sailed on the 21 st of December following, in the ship Norwich, convoyed by the " Centurion," the flagship of Commodore Keppel. The squadron arrived at Hampton Roads, Virginia, on the 20th of February. His foree consisted of two fractional regiments of royal troops, lately from Ireland, composed of about five hundred men each, and cornmanded by Colonel Sir Peter Halket and Colonel Thomas Dunbar. They were numbered the Forty -fourth and Forty-eighth. These regiments were to be recruited to one thousand each in the colonies. Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John St. Clair had been sent out the year before as Deputy Quartermaster-General, and had been, since his arrival, busy collecting supplies and material for the coming campaign. The English regiments and batteries were landed at Alexandria. It was the intention to collect a force of at least twelve thousand, but this was found impracticable, and the entire force, when ready for the march, amounted to about twenty-two hundred of all arms, including one thousand regulars, twelve hundred provincials, tbirty sailors, to manage the guns, and a few Indians. According to Mr. Craig, in his history of Pittsburgh, the Indians numbered about one hundred and fifty, composed of Senecas and Delawares and were under the command of Scarooyada and Monocatootha. George Croghan the Indian agent of Pennsylvania, and a noted friendly Indian, called Susquehanna Jack, were also with the army. WVashington had been requested to fill a position on the general's staff, and had finally consented, though it gave him no actual rank nor emoluments. A son of Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, was the general's secretary, and Captains Orme and Morris were associated with Washington as aids to the general. Among the men who were prominent in this campaign, or who afterwards won distinction, were, Thomas Gage, a Lieutenant-Colonel in Halket's regiment, afterwards Commander of the British Army in Boston, and Governor of Massachusetts Bay; Horatio Gates, who commanded one of the independent companies from New York, famous during the Revolution as the hero of Saratoga and as the fugitive from Camden, and also for his connection with a plot to supplant Washington as Conmmander-in-Chief,; Daniel Morgan, then a wagoner, afterwards the celebrated commander of the Virginia Riflemen and the hero of the Cowpens; Hugh Mercer, then a surgeon, a native of Scotland, who had been with the Pretender at the bloody battle of Culloden, and who rose to the rank of Brigadier-General, and was killed at Princeton, during the Revolution; Captain Adam Stephen, who also rose to the rank of Brigadier in the Revolutionary Army; Lieutenant-Colonel Burton: Gladwyn, then a Lieutenant in the Forty-eightl Regiiment, afterwards Commander of Detroit during, the siege by Pontiac in 1763; Major Spark; the Chevalier de Peyroney; Captain William Polson, and others who had served with Washington at Fort Necessity. Dr. Craik, the family physician and life-long friend of Washington was also with the troops. Great delay was experienced in getting the requisite means of transport-ation. Virginia was poor and thinly settled, and a serious blunder was perhaps committed by debarking the army in that province instead of in Pennsylvania, which was prob ably more thickly settled and more wealthy; but, on the other hand, the well-known lukewarmness of the great bulk of the people of the latter province no doubt nearly counterbalanced the poverty of the Virginians; besides, the * Named in honor of the Duke of Cumberland, Captain-General of the British Army.208. a chargle upon the eneiiny's lines. For Ihis serv7ices in this action, and bis emiiieDt ability, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and lieutenant-colonel ill the regular army. About the lst of January, 1863, be was assigned to the commaind of the Third Brigade, Casey's division, Heintzelman's corps, thein, aind for somze time.ifterwa-ds, in chlaro,e of the defenses of Washington. This was the brigade dlemoi-alized, suirrendered, and disgraced at Harper's Ferry. They needed a general in a double sense. Quaint aind grim. old Heintzelman knlew aind picked tlle man for them. WYe will see if they got whiat tlhey wanted whein " Sandy Hays" fii-st drew his swrord over themi in co mmand. The general devoted Ihis time to a thorou,h drillin- and disciplining of this brig:ade, and led it into the terrible battle of Gettysburg, from which it emerg,ed with deciniated ranks,- but crowned w^ith honor. In the final decisive charge, hi.s bri-,ade took frorni the enemy twenty baniners and battle-flags, three thousaild staind of arms, aiid killed and captuired abovre twice the number of his comniiand. Out of twenty mounted orderlies, onlyr six remained. He lost all his colonels. Two horses were shot under him. His whole staff wras unborsed. A correspoindent of the Buffalo Commercial, himself a soldier, gives a girand ancl thrilliing description of General Hay's part ill tlhe battle. Upon the presentation of a magnificeint sworcl by the citizens of Pittsburgh, he says, in.-a letter acknowledging its receipt, "1 Whein the rebellion broke upon us like a tornado,-in the desecratioll of our- flag at Sumter, I took all oatli inever to sheathe miy sword until honorable peace shouild restore us to one gloirious uanion." He slhared the fortunes of the army in all its -wealry marGbinu ancl fighiting, till it came UpOll the intricate mazes of the Wilderness. It was hi.s last battle. Oin the very day the march commnenced he hacl writteii, "1 This morniiig was beautiful, fo r'Lightly and brigbtly shonle the sun, As if the morn wvere a jocundi one.' "Althllouh we were ailticipating to iliairch at ei,lht o'clock., it.might I-ave been an appropriate 1-iarbin-er of the day of the regeneration of m-ankind; but it only brought to renienllbrance, thlrough. the throats of maniy but,les, thlat cluty eiijoiined upon each one, perhap.s before the setting suin, to lay down a life for his counitry." Longstreet had arrived upon the Union front, aind Hancock havino, gone beyolnd the field, had been sumnmoned back, had countermarchied, and was advanciiig in line through the wilds of that labyrinthian ground, whlen he suddenly came upon the foe. The battle had been rauing, for lhalf an hour, whlei General Hays, h-avinu riclden along Ihis whole front, aind ieturiliing,lhad paused at the headl of his old reoliment, the Sixty-third, a rifle-ball struck himl just above the cord of his liat, and, penetratinig the -brain, he fell without ain uLtterance to the glround. H-1e breatlhed scarcely three hours, wheii, withouLt consciousness, he expired. His remlains were takeii to the rear, aind from theiice to bis hiome ill Pittsburgh. The daly of Ihis ftineral was a sad onie in the great city. Everywhere were the embleiiis of mournin-, and the aspects of grief. Five swords welre laid upoil bis coffin, tlhe tokens of respect and confidenite of his fellow-citizenls. Onle was the gift of Iiis ealrly associates in lhis inative town of Franklin, as a memoi-ial of his gallaintry in. Mexico. Another the free gift of his olcl comlpanions in arms, tlhe Texas Rangers. A tbird was presented by his owvn City Guards, tbrough the lamented Colonel Childs. The fourth, a costly piece of workmariship, was frion his fellowcitizens of Pittsburgh. The fifth was his battle sword, which lie grasped in death. He went to his grave liaving filled a full mneastire of usefLiliiess. Few hacl devotecl more signal ability to the service of their country. His remains repose in the beautiful Allegheny Cemetery, where ail appropriate ancl costlv muonument has beein erectecl to his memory. "1 So sleep the bras-e wvho sinki to rest, By all their coulntry's hoi-lors blest." COLONEL RIPPEY. Oliver Hazard Ripley, colonel of the Sixty-first Regiment, was born oni the 19thi of August, 1825, at Pittsburgh. He was the son of John Rippey, a native of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, ancl Eliza (Leckey) Rippey, of Baltimore, MIarylaicd. He was educated at the Western University and at Allegheny Colleg,e, gradluating at the latter iDstitution. He served in the First Pennsylvania Regimeint, ill the Mexican war. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Wynkoop, and was in the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Perote, La Haya, and Siege of Puebla. Young Rippey was with Lieutenant Rhett, as comlmissary clerk, after the surrencder of the city of Mexico. Upoin his returin, lie entered the office of Reade Washington, as a student-at-law, and was admnitted to practice at the Pittsburgh bar in November, 1850. So iiiipressed were bis examiniiers with his proficieiicy ancl professional ilitelligencee, that they instructed their ebairnman to m-akse honiorable mention of it in opeii couLrt; aild in Ihis remarks he said, "1If ever a case lhas yet arisen in whichl such teFstiniony was called for, this is the case." At the first call for troops, in, 1861, be recruited a company, wbich becanme part of the Seventh Regiment, of. wbich hei was elected lieutenant-colonel. At the expiration of its teriii of ser'vice, be recruited the Sixty-first, and became its colonel. He participated ill thle camlpaigln of the Peninsula unitil the battle of Fair Oaks, where, wlhile bravely leadlin-, his imen a-,ainst the repeatecl onsets of the foe, he was stricken down, and instantly ktilledl. The division of Casey had been attacked, wiliile holding all advanced aicd isolated position, by overwhelming numbers of the einetiiy, and to stay their mad advance until supports could come, Abercrombie's brigade, in wbich was the Sixty-first, was thrown forwraid as a forlorn hope. The stubbornnesss with which they fought is shown by the nutmber of their clead ancl woundecl, the Sixtyfirst aloile losinlg seventy killed, one bundi-ed and fifty-five wounded, aind fortyseven inissin-g. The spirit which animated Colonel Rippey is well illusstrated by an inlcidleiit of the battle. General Abercrombie lhad oicdered the bri-,ade at a double-qluick to the friont. Colonel Rippey, understan-diDg the- emuergency, aiid havineg bis men well in band, was about to take the lead, when he was confronted by Colonel Neil, who, as senior colonel, claiiiied the precedence. The two bad had a siniilar q-Liestioni at Yorktown. Colonel Rippey, nettled at thiis questioin of etiquette, wlaiih was delayiin- the whole brigade, exclaiimed, " Oh, go to the devil! Forward, Sixty-first! Close up! Double-quick!" aind puttin- SpUl'S to his horse, sooin drew clear of the qluestionin-g colonel, and had his coiiiimand in action in less time than the qu-estion of precedeince coulcl have been settlecl. In less than a balf-liour fionm the time of giving the ordcer to advaince he had ftallen. Of Coloinel Rippey's couragle aind ability as a solclier, those who know him- best, and wvere best capable of juclging, bore aiuple testimiony. He was as constant aDd unwavering in bis obedience to orclers, ancl in his patriotism, as the ineeclle to the pole. The chief question with him.lwas, WVhat Mwill iluost advaiieethe interests of the cause for which I fight? Ai-d, when that was settlecl, neither bardsbip ilor the fear of death coulcl deterwhll He was iuarried on the 12tli day of Api-il, 18054, to Miss Caroline Curling, of Pittsburgh COLONEL CHILDS. James Harvey Childs. colonel of thle Fourth Cavalry, wTas borni July 4, 1834, at Pittsburgh. His father, Harvey Childs, was a iiative of Massachusetts. His mlother, Jane Bailey (Lowrie) Childs, was a sister of Hon. Walter H. Lowrie, late Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania. He was eduLcatecl at the Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, where he grad-Liated in the class of IS5o2. In person he was six feet in heigh-t, well proportionled, and of good general health. Whenl the call was m-ade for tl'OOpS in the war of the Rebellion, he was prompt to tender bis services, ancl becalue first lieutenant of Company K, Twelfth Regiment. After its terin of service liad expired he was active in recruitin- the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, aiid was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Before gOillg to the field he wvas proiiioted to colonel. He was actively emlployed in the Peninsular campaign, scotitin- and skirmishingr. His reg'im'enit opened the battle in the first of the seven-days' engagements, doing good service at Gaines's Mills and Charles City Cross-Roads. Oiln the evacuation of the Peninsula the regimnent moved to Washington, and was engfaged in the Maryland campaign. At Antietam it was attachoed to Averill's brigade, and, oil accouint of the sickness of its leader, the commianid devolved on Coloniel Childs. The brigade was assi-ned to the left of tl-e Union Iiine, and was postecl in support of Clark's Battery, which was warmly engaged. The duity was difficult, and the enemy's fire-very severe. Colonel Childs was UpOll every part of the field, encoura,iing his men aiid directing the movemeints. He had just completecl an inspectioii of the skirmaish line and return-ed to his headquarters, whiere he was cheerftilly coiiversiii, with his staff, wlien lie was struck by a cannon-ball oii the left hip, which threw bim from his horse and passed colas pletely through his body. For a time his m-ind was clear, and, recogniizing at oicee tllat his wound was mortal, his first care was for his command. He dispatched Captain Hughes, one of bis aids, to General Pleasanton, chiief of cavalry, to apprise h-im of his fall, aiid another to Lieutenant-Colonel Kerr, to request Ihim to assuine comlmand of the brigade. He then sent a message to Dr. Marsh, that "1 if he was not attending any one whose life could be saved, to come to him, as be was in great pain." Filially, he called to his side his adjutant-general, Captain Henry King, a townsman aindc personal frieiend, to whom- he gave brief messa-,es of affection for his wife and three little children.'Of the oldest of the three, a boy, bearin-l the name of his maternal graindfather, as if thinikin, in Ilis dying momnents only of hisHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Idod 0 9 to raise a compaiiy for sig7nal duty. He opened a recruitiing station at Pittsburgh but havin, beein elected first lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment, h-e. accepted the position, and at oince eintered uponi its duties. For four m-onths he served as adjutant of the reg,iment, when he returined to his place in the con-ipany. At the battle of Fredericksburu he acted with,reat gallantry, takin," coimmand of his coiiipainy, when its leader, Captain Boisol, was wounded, and had bis haversack riddled witli bullets, though he himiself escaped without inljury. He was soon afterwards appointed assistant adjutant-general of the brigade. A vacancy occurring in t-he office of lieutenant-colonel he was promptly elected to fill it by the line officeirs, though the junior captain aiiionog them. So methodical and conllplete were all his acts that, when notified of his proiiiotion, he was ready to tuirn over bis busiiness at the head of the bri;,ade' in a finislhed coiclition, an'd at oncee to assume the responsible one in comluand of the ret,imzent. He was eng,aged at Chancellorsville, and wvhen the terim of the regiment had expired, h-e returned witli it to Pittsburgh, where it was imustered out. WVhen he beard the intelli,ence of the fightin- at Gettysburg he hastened home, exclaiming,, " Our boys are fighting and falling at Gettysburg, aild I am doing, nothin-,. I cannot stand this." Gathering up a few articles of clothing,, he hurried away to the depot, and reached Harrisburg that night. He inrniediately reported to the Governor, and asked to be seint to the front, saying, "1 I must go. I can at least volunteer as aid to sonie general, to carry dispatches over the fiekld." But the Governor could not provide transportation. Indeed, all the avenues were closed. Finding it iiiipossible to reach tlle field, he was reluctantly obliged to return homei. Soon afterwards, General Brooks, at the head of the Department of the Monongahela, offered himn the commiiand of' a battalion of six-montbs' cavalry. "I was drilled in cavalry n-iovements wheii in the signal service, was his response, "and I slhall be glad to serve in any capacity to which you may assign ime." The companies were already recruited aind in can-ip, and fears were entertained that officers who were expecting a coimmiand, much older than himself, would object to havin- a boy set over theni. The very troubles arose which were anticipated; but so firmly and j-udiciously did he suppres the first rising of revolt, ancl so wisely and well did he enforce Iiis discipline aiid drill and instruct his charge, that a large part of the men were desirous of being, led by him for a three-years? term'. He was stationed in Fayette County, and was charged with guarcding, the border, a duty which he perfornied to the satisfaction of General Brooks, and, wliat was more, to the entire approval of the inhabitants amnon, whom he was quLartered. In January, 1864, while General Hancock was enuaged in re-orgainizingf the Second Corps, which became f'amous under his leadership, Dale was offeredl the position of lieutenant-colonel in the One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment, wbich was accepted, and he was imlmediately engaged in recruiting, it bavin,g been decimated in previous campaignls wbile still a part of the celebrated " Irish Brigade." In the battle of the Wilderness, where his commaiid was closely engaged, a bullet penetrated his coat, but lie escaped. On the 9th of May his regiment was order-ed to the pickSet line, to support General Miles's brigade, and under a hot fire of rebel.grape and canister. On the followiii, day it was again engau,ed in a long, hiarcl fight, in wbich Colonel Mulholland was severely wounded in the head. The comnmand then devTolved on Lieutenant-Colonel Dale, and in the assault on the enem-y's works at da.wn on the 12th, wbile gallantly leading his reg,iment into the " imiminent, deadly breach," he fell, instantly killed, or mortally wounded, as is supposecl, no tidingfs bavin- ever been heard of himn and no informatioin pertaining to his last resting-place ever discovered. WVhen a sufficient time bad elapsed to preclude all hope of his return, resolutions were passed by his brother-officers, comnmemorative of his great ability as a solclier and his mnany virtues as a man. The colonel of his re-,iment said of him, " lIe was a man of spleindid abilities, virtuous, gentle, brave, and acconiplished. He was reimarkably calm in battle, and was very much beloved by his comrades." Hlis two sisters, who survive hini, say, "1 No sisters ever had a more devoted brother.'? COLONEL BLACK. Samuel W. Black,colonel of the Sixty-second Regiment, was borii at Pitts-. burgh, Pennsylvania, in 1818. He was tlhe son of Rev. John Black, D.D., one of the earliest and most distinguislhed of the Covenanter clergymen of the State. He received a liberal education, and chose the law as his profession, in which lie soon rose to a lucratitve practice, and withal becaime prominent in political life, being especially effective upon the stump. He married, when very young, a daughter of Judge Irwin, of Pittsburgh, by whoim he had four ch-ildren. In the Mexican war he served as lieutenant colonel of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, aiid acquitted bimself witli discountry, for whicli he liad periled and lost bis own life, be said, " Tell Howe to be a good boy and a goocl main, and true to his country." In twenty m-iinuLtes he became deliriouLs, and shortly after breathed his last, joinii. in tesii al i m-any comrades whose last earthly strugg,le was on the bloody field of Antietam. COLONEL KIRKWOOD. William Speer Kirkwood was born- July 4, 1835, at Fairview, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. His fatlier was Archibald Kirkwood, a native of Ireland; bis mother, Elizabeth (Sterrars) Kirkwood. He was, in bovhood, a farimer ancl ferryman, early developing a likinu for a naval life. He received a fair English education in the public schools of h-is inative place, but had no miilitary training.. Froin youth h-e was steady and indlustrious, and it is reineembered as a notable circumstance that he niever saw Pittsburgh until he was fifteen years old. He recruLited a company for the Sixty-third Regiment, of which he wass commissioned captain. During McClellan's campaign Captain Kirkwood was coinstant at the post of duty, sharin-, with the humlblest subaltern the privations ancl sufferiligs incident to a life in canmp, amid the bot,s and swamps before Yorktown and upon the Chickahominy; and in the battle of Fair Oaks bokie him-self with great gallantry, and fortunately, where so m'any of his comrades went down, he was preserved unscathed. Soon after this battle he was promoted to major. At Bull Run the regiment was again subjected to a fiery ordeal. Kearney's division, to which it belonged, was drawn up in line of battle near Grovetown. Robinson's brigade was ordered to advance upon an old railroad bed, behind which tlhe eneilly's skirm-ishers had taken shelter. The left of the line was already warmly eiigaged, wbein General Kearney rode up to Colonel Hays aild ordered him to charge, saying as he gave the order, " I will support you handsomely." The tl'OOpS behaved miost gallantly, but- a deadly -fire threw themn into confusion. Rallying, they agalin went forward, wheii they were saluted by another fatal volley, by wlhiich Colonel Hays was wouiided. Major Kirkwood promptly assumed command, ancl led his regiment oin; but he was severely wounded, bein-, struck twice in the left leg. Ile was carried from the field, and his hurts found to be of a serious clharacter. In September, 1862, he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, ancl in Apr-il, 1863, colonel. When the Chancellorsville campaign was opened, Colonel Kirkwood iinsisted, aaainst the remonstrainces of his surgeon, upon leadiing his regiment. He was still so crippled from his wounds that he bacl to be lifted upon his horse; but lno inducements could persuade him' to reimain in camp. On the afternoon of the 2cl of May the battle was hotly contested, and reinewed again on Sundaly the 3d, resulting in heavy losses to the Union forces. The Sixty-third was on the left of the brigade, exposed to a heavy fire and outflanked by the enemy. Colonel Kirkwood, wlhile coilductinog the fight and leading his men with uiisurpassed bravery and. skill, was stricken down with mortal wounds. He survived until the 28th of June, subject to intense suffering, when he expired, deeply lamented by his entire commancl. COLONEL DALE. Richard Colgate Dale, lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and Sixteenth Regiment, was born in the city of Allegheny, December 19, 1S3S. His father, Thomas F. Dale, M.D., ancl his mlother, Margaret Kennedy Stewart, were both natives of Delaware. He received a thorough English and partly classical education in his native city. He was engaged for a timle as a clerk in coiiimission anld manufacturing houses, but finlally became an active partner- in a mercantile firm. When the war came, he frankly said to his father, "1 Mr. Lincoln bas called for men. Many, on account of family or other relations, cannot gv as well as I. Do not think it is a fit of enthusiasm. I do not imagine it will be any pleasure to be a soldier. His is a life of tirial and of -peril, and I do not know wbether m'y constitution will be stronu, enou(,h to bear those toils and exposures, but I thlinlk it iny duty to go." He enlisted as a private in Company A, of the Ninth Reserves, in the spring of 1861. In the following, Au,ust he was detailed froni bis regiiment to serve in the United States Signal Corps in a school of instiruetion for that arm of the service at Tenallytown, and afterwards as clerk to Major Myers, the commander of the corps at Washington. He w^as ernployed until the opening of thel spring campaign uiider McClellan, with wbom be went to the Peninsula, and served with fidelity and skill, until the final battle at Malvern Hill hacl been fought. He tlhen received a leave of absence for ten days; but in Washington, while on his way honle, his furlouoh was extended by t-he adjutant-general, and he was authorizedHISTORY OF ALLEGHE:NY COUN7TY, PENNSYLVANIA. 210 As an evidence of his appreciation by his superior officers, we may nlentioii that he was offered a positioii upon the staff of General W. S. Hancock, and the Secretary of War, Mr. Stanton, prom-ised him any position he might wish, in case he remained in the army; but he declined these honors, preferring to return to his school and finish bis education preparatory to entering upon an active busirless career. He returned to the Polytechnic School in September, 1865, and graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer July 2, 1867. Subsequently he devoted nearly a year t-o the study of analytical chemistry. Afterwards he assumed the mainagement of a large oil refinery. In October, 1869, he entered inlto the mercantile business as a member of the firm of Dilworth, Harper Co. In this connection he was abundantly successful, and had every prospect of honorable distinction before him, when he suddenly sickened and died, at the residence of his parents, December 10, 1871, sincerely nmourned by a bereaved fanmily and a large circle of frienids and acquaintances. The folowiD- obituary was published in the columns of the Pittsburgh Leader, December 11, IS71: II In the death of Major Albert M. Harper, of the firm of Dilworth, Harper Co., Pittsburgh has lost one of her most promising young business men, anld the country one of its bravest citizen soldiers. From the bereavement of his family and friends it is not ours to lift the veil, but on behalf of bis comrades of the Sixth Army Corps, who knew so well and admired so muclh the gallant youn- adjutant of the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, we must be allovved to testify our heartfelt sorrow for the afflicting event which has taken his name from off the must-er-roll of the survivors of the great war for the Union. A modest, boyish youn-, fellow, he seemed to some of the rude mnen that surrounded him almost too correct in his deportmnent, too aUbstemious in his habits, anld too delicately nurtured to endure the rouolhness and bravre the dangers of a. soldier's life; but when the trial came, no one was prompter to the call of duty; no one showed more endurance on the IODO, march and in the shivering bivouac than lie; no one more freely exposed his breast to rebel bullets; and the ringing echoes of his cheerful youing voice, as he led his men to the front, will linger in the memory of scores of his comrades till they join him in death. WYhen the Dews flew through the brigade that'Adjutant Harper, of the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth, was badly wounded,' it caused a sharp sensation of grief even in the hearts of men whom the multitudinous slaughter of the Wilderness had rend'ered callous to oirdinlary deaths. How much keener sorrow will it cause his veteran friends to learn that the valued life, which they had hoped the Confederate bullet wbich struck. him down had spared for a long and useful career, has been untimely cut off by that enemy which cuts down more thani rebel bullets-the fatal typhoid? Major Harper was only in the twenty-ninith year of his ag,e, and unmarried."2 At a meetinc, of the officers and members of the One Hundred and Thirty ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, a preamble and appropriate resolutions were adopted, testifying to the brave and noble qLualities of their comrade, anld tendering, their deepest symipathy to his relativTes and friends in their sad bereavement. A copy was presented to Mr. Harper, father of the deceased. The paper is sig,ned by Samuel Harper, Samuel C. Schoyer, John C. Sample, F. H. Collier, and W, P. Herbert. tinction. He was appointed United States Judge for Nebraska Territory in 1857. In1 the followinog year, upon the deatli of Governor Richardson, Colonel Black was appointed to succeed him. In the spring of 1S61 he recruited the Sixty-second Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel, and was assigned to duty in Morrell's brigade of Porter's division. He was engaged at Hanover Court-House, where the enemy was put to flight, and his canmp and garrison equipage and miany prisoners taken. The enemy soon began to make himself felt oil the left bank of the Chickahominy, and on the 26th of June, 1862, fought a stubborii battle at Beaver-Dam Creek. The Pennsylvania Reserves were upon the front, but the brigade to wbich Colonel Black belonged was soon ordered to their support.. In the battle of Gaines's Mill Iiis bi-igade was hotly engaged with Longstreet's Corps. At the, outset of the battle the Sixty-second Pennsylvania and Ninth Massachusetts were ordered to advance under a terrific infantry fire. They charged across a ravine in their front, and gaiined the woods on the opposite side, bandsomely drivTin- the enemy; but while making the charge, and before the woods were reacbed, Colonel B., while the heroic exploit which he inspired was in full tide, was killed. Few Pennsylvania soldiers, at the time of his deatli, had made a brighter record, and iione could look forward with greater hope of advancenient. He died deeply lamnented by a whole State, and mourned by a wide circle of personal friends.. MAJOR ALBERT METCALF HARPER. A brief notice of an estimable young man, a native of Pittsburgh, and son of an old and respected citizen, who served faithfully and won distinction in tlhe volunteer service during the rebellion, who rose to an honorable poKsition among the business imen of his native city, and who died beloved and regretted by all who knew bim, seenis appropriate in this connectioil. Albert Metcalf Harper, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1843, was second son of Johin Harper and Lydia Electa Metcalf, of Pittsburgh. He was an under-o,raduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York, in 1861-62. WVhen the war of secession broke out, though only eighteen years of age, lie earnestly requested permnission of his father and mother to join the army. Obtaining their consent, he caine home and enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirtyninth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers, of which he was commissioned adjutant Au-,ust 25, 1862. He served faithfully, and won an enviable reputation amono, his comrades for distinguished ability, unswervin-, patriotism, and valor as a soldier. In the bloody battle of the Wilderness he was severely wounded, May 5, 1864, and was honorably discharged froin the State service, for promotion, Septeniber 4, 1864. He was appointed by the President assistant adjutant-general of United States Volunteers, with the rank of captain, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, August 17, 186A, and was brevetted major, "1 for faithful and meritorious services," MIay 21, 1865. At the close of the war, by Iiis OWll request, be was honorably mustered out of tl-ie service of the United States June 27, 1865.- W~AR OF 1812. ROLL OF CAPTAIN JEREMIAH FERREE'S C:OMPANY. Stephen Rigdon, Alexander Carnahan, Joseph Hull, Hugh McConnell, John K. Snodgrass, William Hamilton, Alexander Morrow, Thomas Kennedy, George McClelland, Daniel Sweeney, Thomas Jttmison, John Kirkland, John McKee, John Ferguson, David Pettygrew, James Calhoon, James Dickey, Moses Guy, Benjamin Smith, John Nickel, James Adams, Thomas Reed, John McCreary, William Couch, William McClelland, Alexander McDowell, James Stewart, Archibald McGowan, James A. Calhoon, Henry Pomerene, John Allison, Thomas Skiles, John Reel,* Baltaser Good, Philip Whitesell, Amos Pearce, Nehoiniah Day, Henry Mesner, David Powell, Freeman Salsbury, Samuel Marshall, David McFerron, Hugh McGonegal, David Dunfield, George Lighthill, James Powell, Garret Moore, George Powers, Isaac Guyton, John McDonald, John Rinamon, John Fouzer, John Williamson, John Little, John Johnston, James Darsey, Samuel Critchlow, James Nickle, John Plow. ROLL OF THE PITTSBURGH BLUES. COMMANDED BY CAPTAIN JAMES R. BUTLER. Sergeants, Elijah Trovillo, Isaac Williams, John Willock, George Haven; corporals, Nathaniel Patterson, John W. Benny, Samuel Elliott, Israel Reed; privates, Robert Allison, Daniel C. Boss, Isaac Chess, John Deal, John Davis (absent, taking care of the sick), Andrew Deemer (absent, taking care of the sick), Joseph Dodd (died June 16, 1813)., John D. Davis, Thomas Dobbins, Oliver English, Enoch Fairfield John Francis Lousong (killed December 18, 1812), Samuel Graham, Nathaniel Hull, Samuel Jones, Jesse Lewis, Peter S. Orton, George McFall, Thomas McClarnin, Robert McNeal, Norris Matthews, John Maxwell, Oliver McKee (killed May 28, IS13), Nathaniel McGiffen (discharged for disability), James Newman (killed May 5, 1813), John Park, Mathew Parker, Charles Pentland, John Pollard, Ecward F. Pratt, George Robinson, William Richardson (killed May 5, IS13), Thomas Sample, Samuel Swift, Henry Thompson, Nathaniel Vernon, David Watt, Charles Weidner, Charles Wahrendorf, George S. Wilkins (promoted May, 1813), John Marcy (discharged), Moses Mors, Joseph McMasters, Presly J. Neville (promoted to sergeanlt). MEXICAN WAR RECRUITS FROM ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN ORGANIZATIONS RAISED OUTSIDE THE COUNTY. FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. Company D. Charles H. Altman, private, enlisted Sept. 29, 1847. Levi Dollhower, private, enlis'ted Aug,. 3, 1847. Company G. William Bomhower, private, enlisted Aug. 23, 1847 John Ebenner, private, enlisted Sept. 25, 1847. Henry Kinsell, private, enlisted Sept. 25, 1847. SECOND REGIMENT. Company B. Andrew W. Dripps, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. John Fisher, private, enlisted Aug. 11, 1847. Joined company from regimental depot Dec. 30, 1847. George Hutchinson, private, enlisted Dec. 21, 1846. Michael Ireman, private, enlisted Aug. 11, 1847e Joined comnpany from regimental depot Dec. 30, 1S47. James P. Shalleross, private, enlisted Dec. 21, 1846. Promoted from the ranks to quartermaster-sergeant. David Duff, private, enlisted Dec. 2, 1847. Promoted from the ranks to sergeant-major. John D. Colburn, private, enlisted Dec. 21, 1846. Discharged Oct. 5, 18417, at Perote, for disability. John H. Dopp, private, enlisted Dec. 21, 1846. Discharged May 11, 1847, at Vera Cruz, for disab'ility. Nathaniel Davis, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Died Oct. 8, 1847, at the city of Mexico. John Heshour, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Died Nov. 22, 1847, at Puebla Hospital. Jacob Friend, privrate, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Died Sept. 17, 1847, at Puebla Hospital. Company C. Godffied Landsberger, private, enlisted Aug. 16, 1847. Joined company from recgimental depot Dec. 29, 1S47. Daniel Troxel, private, eiilisted Aug,. 18, 1847. Joined company from regimental depot Dec. 29, 1847. Samuel Book s, private, enlisted Auog. 28, 1847. Died at San Angel, April 6, 1848. Samuel Hamilton, private, enlisted Sept. 1, 1847. Died at San Angel April 10, 1848. David D. Lewis, private, enlisted Aug,. 9, 1847.' Died at San Angel Jan. 24, 1848. Company D. Henry L. Armour, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Died at Perote July 13, 1847. James P. Buck, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Discharged at Jalapa. May 20, l847,. for disability. Richard I. Crozier, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Samuel Deal, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Discharged at San Angel April 11, 1848, for disability. Thomas J. Davis, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Discharged at city of Mexico Oct. 28, 1847, for disability.O Francis Fultz, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 18347. Discharged at Jalapa, time not known, for disability. John W. Fredericks, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Samuel Fulton, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Samuel Holliday, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Disch-argred at San Angel April 11, 1848, for disability, Enoch G. James, private, enllisted Jan..4, 1847. Promoted to fourth corporal Nov. 1, 1847. 211 e D)ied i11 the service, ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. GIVING THE NAMES AND RANK OF ALL SOLDIERS FROM ALLEGHENY COUNTY SERVING IN THE WAR OF 1812, THE MEXICAN WAR, AND THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 2t2 Charles Glen,Jr., first sergeant, enlisted at New Orleans Jan. 10, 1847. Discharu,ed at Philadelph-ia on account of sicknless. J. D. McIlroy, second sergeant, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Dischai-ged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for disability. Robert Anderson third sergeant, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Appointed lieutenant April 30, 1848, vice Ankvrim, promoted. C. W. Hambright, fourth serg,eant, enlisted at Pittsbur-h Dec. l, 1846. On recruitino, service Junie 6S 18Y47. Promoted to second sergeant. George C. McClelland, corporal, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Disch-arged at Vera Cruz MIarclh 17, 1847. Promoted to lieutenant United States Army.' Joseph W. Kinkead, corporal, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. D. S. McClintock, corporal, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Appointed first ser.geant April 30), 1S4S, vice Anderson, proimoted. Johnston Elliott, corporal, einlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Disch-arged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for wo0unds. John H. Gardiner, drummer, enlisted at Pittsburglh Dec. 8, 1846. William R. Potter, fifer,- enlisted at Pittsbur,h Dec. 17 1846. H. Bellas Alward, private, enlisted at Pittsbur--h Dec. 1, 1846. Died at Puebla O)ct. 26S, 1S47. Henry Alward, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dac. 17 1846, Died since return hlome. C. W. Blakeman, private, eiilisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for wounds received Oct. 12e John Baker, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. S, 1846. William Burns, private, eiilisted at Greensburg Dec. 8, 18460 Appointed corporal May 1, 184S. Henry Bates, private, enlisted at Greensburg Dec. 8, 1846. D)ied July 21, 1847. Hamilton Bennett, private, enlistecl at Pittsburghi Dec. 1, 1846. Appoin1ted corporal May 1, 1S48. J. M. Braden, private, enlisted at Pittsburgli Dec. 1, IS46. Philip Bleen, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, IS4L6. David Clammer, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. James Calhoun, private, enlisted at Pittsburghl Dec. 8, 1846. Henry Carey, private, eiilisted at Pittsburgh Dec. lO, IS46. Robert D. Collins, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Isaac Ceymour, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, IS46. Disebarged at Vera Cruz. Missing ever since. Richard Cunningham, private, enlistecl at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. J. A. Cummings, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Tranrsferred to Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Thomas M. Davis, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Disch-arged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1S47, for disability. John Dalzell, private, enlisted at Pittsburgli Dec. 1, 1846. Discharoed at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. R. C. Drum, private, enlisted at Greensburg Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz March 17, 1847. Prormoted to lieuteDanit U. S. Army. Jonathan Downs, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 18S46. Died at Puebla Sept. 12, 1847. Edward Evans, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Theodore S. Ebbert, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Died since. Charles Feock. private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846e Ralph.Frost, private, enlisted at P'it-tsburgli Dec. 1, 1846. Thomas B. Furnam, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Samuel A. Glenn, -private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, IS46. George S. Glenn, private, enlis'ted at Pittsburgh De)c. 8, 1846. John Gilchrist, private, enilisted at Greensburg Dec. 8, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. James Gray, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. Charles Hoffman, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Promoted to tliird sergeaDt. J. G. Hamilton, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. J. H. Herod; private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. Edward H. Jones, private, enlisted at Pittsburgli Dec. 8, 1846. Proimoted to corporal. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, IS47. Francis B. Johns, private, enliste'd at Pittsburgh Dee. 8, 1846. iKilled at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. Frank Kerr, private, eiilisted at P'ittsburg,h Dec. 1, 1846. John Jones, private. enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. James W. Kelso, private, enlisted Jail. 4, 1847. William Lauffman, private, enlistecl Jan. 4, 1847. Edward Mummy, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. known). James Thompson, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. William W. Wise, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 1847. Daniel Vanrouk, private, enlisted Jan. 4, 18417. not known)O._ Died at Puebla (time not Discharged at Perote (time Company H. George Couch, private, enlisted Jan. 5, 1817. John H. Gibson, private, enlisted Jan. 5, 1847. Discharued at New Orleans Hospital, 1847. Daniel Hardesty, private, enlisted Jan. 5, 1 847. James Hutchinson, private, enlisted Jan. 5, 1847. John Hutchinson, private, enlisted Jan. 5, 18470 Dischargecl at Vera Cruz, 1847. John Murphy, private, enilisted Jan. 5, 1847. John McNamee, private, enlilsted Jan. 5, 1847. William Shaw, private, enlisted Jan. 6, 1847. Promoted to corporal, 1847. William Jackman, private, enlisted Aug. 18, 1847. John Lower, private, enlisted Aug. 10, 1847. Hugh Murphy, private, enlisted Aug. 13, 1847. John McConnell, private, enlisted Aug. 23, 1847. Michael Palmer, private, enlisted Aug. 30, 1847. Company L. Russell Findley, private, enlisted May 26, 1847. William Grub, private, enlisted May 28, 1847. Killed at Gareta de Balen Sept. 13, 1847. William Smith, private, enlisted May 26, 1-847. Died from wounds received at Chapultepec Oct. 10, 1847e John Yarn, private, eillistecl May 26, 18S47. Died at liospital, city of Mexico, Dec. 25, 1847. Daniel Bowman, private, enlisted May 26, 1847. John Moreland, private, enlisted May 26, 1847. Company M. Villiam Farran, private, enlisted May 5, 1847. Russell Harris, private, enlisted May 5, I S47. Left sick in hospital in Perote. SuLpposed to be disebarged. George N. Johnston, enlisted May 5, 1847. David D. Duncan, private, enlisted May 5, 1847. Discharged'at the city of Mexico March 1, IS4S. Robert Barrett, private, enlivsted May IS, 18S47. Died at Perote Hospital Au". 15, 1847. Joseph Hamilton, private, enlisted Mfay IS, 1847. Died near the city of Mexico Sept. 19, 1847. Benjamin' Shinn, private, enlisted May IS, 1847. Died at San Angel Jan. 24, 184S. Edwvin Toby, private, enlisted May 5, 1847. Died at the city of Mexico. Cornelius Dixon, private,. enlisted May 18, i847. Jefeniah Hoover, enlisted May IS, IS47. James McC. Kepner. John Robley, private, enlisted May 5, 1847. James R. Smith, private, enlisted May 5, IS47. Andrew Menthemeyer, private, enllisted May 5, 1847.. Jacob F. Weikes, private, enlisted May 5, 184L7. Isaac Zimmerman, private, enlisted May 5, IS47. Company F. James T. Sample, private, enlisted Dec. 21, 1846. WVounded at Chapultepec Sept. 13, 1847. Right leu amputated. Discharged Feb. 29, 184S. FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS-COLONEL F. M. WYNKOOP. Company K, Duqcesne Grays. John Herron,captain, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. William Trovillo, first lieuteiiant, enlisted at Pittsburuh Dec. 1, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 6, 1847, for disability. William J. Ankrim, second lieutenant, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. On recruiting servTice from June 6, 1847. Discharged at Philadelphia. John W. Hague, second junior lieutenant, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. On furlough May 26, 1848, afterwards on recruiting service.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 213 Pliny Kelly, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Promoted to corporal May 1, 1848. Thomas C. M. Keely, private, enlisted at Pittsburgrh Dec. 1, 1846. Died at Jalapa, June 8, 1S848. - Henry Krutzelman, private, enlisted- at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. James Keenan, private, e"nli.sted at Greensburg Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 184L7, for disability. Valentine Knapp, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. John Longstaf, private, eiilisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Aaron Lovett, private, eDlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 19 1846. Bartram G. Leiper, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Seth Loomis, private, enilisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Henry J. Mundy, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. Andrew Mosgrave, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 11,18L46. Discharged at Perote Castle June 6,2 1847, for disability. Sliice dead. William F. Mann, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Appointed lieutenant May 27, 1848, vice Hague, on leave. -Benjamin F. Mann, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 27, 1847, for disability. Since dead. D. A. Mitchell, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Perote Castle June 6, 1847, for disability. Since dead. Robert F.. Miller, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 184~6. John Miller, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Andrew E. Marshall, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. William Meredith, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 16, 1846. Died at Perote Castle May 25, 1847. Norton McGiffen, private, enlisted at Washington, Pennsylvania, Dec. 8, 1846. James McDowell, private, enlisted at PittsburU,h Dec. 8, 1846. Died at Puebla Sept. 12, 1847. Jeremiah McMinn, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Died at Perote Castle Auo. 8, 1847. James Noble, private, enlisted at Pittsburg,h Dec. 12, 1846e Died at Perote Castle May 23, 1847e James S. Negley, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Appointed fourth sergeant June 1, 1848. Thomas R. Owens, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 15, 1846. Died at. Perote Castle Aug. 8, 1847. John Poland, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 15, 1846. H. C. Patrick, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Joseph W. Park, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for disability. Since dead. James Philips, private, enlisted at Pittsburgb Dec. 8, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. William A. Phillips, private, enlisted at. Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. William Phillips, private, enlisted,at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Oliver H. Rippey, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. James Robbins, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Disebar^,ed at Perote Castle June 6, 1847, for disability. Since dead. Lewis G. Robinson, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 1, 1846. Discharged at Lobos Island, for disability. -Since dead. George Reams, private, enilisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Discharged at Perote Castle June 6, 1847, for disability. Since dead. Robert Scott, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Drowned in Mississippi River July 5, 1848, when returiiin- hoine. Samuel D. Sewell, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 12, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct,.12,1847.William Smid, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 13, 18460 Killed at Puebla Oct. 12 1847. Joseph C. Spencer, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 13, 1846. Died at Jalapa June 4, 1847. F. J. Thomas, private, eiilisted at Pittsb-Lr-h Dec. 13, 1846. Thomas Thornburgh, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 8, 1846. Discharcged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for wounds received October 12, 1847. Samuel Troyer, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh D'ec. 8, 184i6. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. Francis Van Dyke, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 14, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct.:12, 184i7. D. S. Vernoy, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh. Dec., 16I 486~ Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 184t7 BeDjamin F. Woods, pr'ivate, enlisted at Pittsburgh;Pec,.16, 1846. Joseph Wilson, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec, 8, 1846. Killed at Puebla Oct. 12, 1847. William C. Winebiddle, privae, enlisted at New Orleans Jan. 10 184c7. Charles Smith, private, enlisted at Pittsburgh Dec. 16, 1846. Samuel A. Smith, private, enliateds at Pittsburgh Dec. 1,6, 1846. Job B. Wheeland, transferred frsom New York Regiment. Sinace dead. Adam Stein, private, enlisted at Pittsburgbhe Samuel Sloop. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 1, 1847, for wvounds received Oct. 12, 1847. Robert Reed, transferred from.Company D. Recruits who joined the company Dec. 21, 18417, at the City of Mexico,* Theodore Beek, John Blocker, William A. Brown, William S. Barndollar, John Bosler, Uriah Christy, Joseph Detrick, Gotleib Donager, J. P. Hickman, Kelean Hess, Jeremiah M. Nellis, Richard Rees, Andrew J. Smith, Isaac Warr, John Walker, Theodore B. Wise, Thomas Lowry.. Company C. Willam F. Small,captain, aged 28, cornmandinog comnpany Aquilla Haines, first lieutenant, aged 28. Casper M. Berry, second lieutenant, aged 24. Reported to bave resigned April 8, 1847. Berry has since made affidavit that be did not resign. HenTy Hunterson, second lieutenant, aged 42. Joseph M. Hall, second lieutenant, aged 31. Was sergeant from enrollment to May 31, 1847, then elected second lieutenant, vice Berry, supposed to have resigned. See remarks opposite Berry's name. Thomas A. Zeigle, first sergeant, aged 22. Was private fiom enrollment to Oct. 14, 1847, then first sergeant. Joseph Foust, sergeant. Was corporal from enrollment to June 1, 1847, then sergeant. Peter, Ahl, Jr., sergeant. WVas private from enrollment to July 1, 1847, then sergeant.-- Christopher S. Hill, sergeant. Was private from enrollment to O)ct. 25, 1847, then sergeant.-- Joseph Campbell, corporal. WVas private from enrollment to June 12, 18477 then corporal. George W. Lewis, corporal. WVas private from enrollment to July 1, 1847, then corporal. Jacob J. Osawandle,' corporal. Was privrate fromn enrollment to Oct. 25, 1847, then corporal. John Newman,' corporal. Was private from enrollment to May 1,, 1847, then corporal. PRIVATES. John Boner, Lewis Bymaster, Francis Cannon, George Carey, Henry Cornish (was private to June 1, 184l7, then corporal to June 12, then sergeant to Feb. 1, then first sergeant to Oct. 13, 1847, then private), Jeremiah Corson (died after his discharve, in Philadelphia), John C. Craig, Charles Collison, Daniel, Cruthers, James Cuskaden (enlisted Dec. 27, 1847, at Pottsville, Pa. Joined company April 19, 18483, Alexander Devlin, William'Donagan, Gabriel A. Dropsie, William Fenemore, Robert Gamble (enlisted Dec. 27, 1847, at Pottsville, Pa. Joined company April 19, 1848), George H. Haig, Daniel Hamilton, Augustus Jordan, George W. Keim, John Keister, Samuel Linton, Alexander D. Mervine (was drummer to Feb. 16, 1847, then private. Absent at Pittsburgh since July 16. 1848), George Nightlinger (was fifer to Dec. 151,1846, then private), Thomas O'Neil, William Patterson, Henry Roscoe, John R. Shultz, Samuel Stair, Morris, Stemlear, Hosea Snethen, George Sutton, Allen Swartz, Joseph C. Taylor, Theodore Watson, Albertus Welsh, John Wells, George, Wilhelm Edward Wilson, James B. Wilson (was corporal to June I, 1847, then sergeant to Oct. 23, 1847, then private).Killed: in Battle. William Urick, private. Killed at siege of Puebla Sept. 28, 1847. -Died. John Begley, private. iDied at Perote Aug. 28, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. William H. Briggs, private. Died at Puebla Aug. 30, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. -* I have no me,ans of kilo-wing when these recruits werze cnr'olled.' Their clothing andl payI were furnishecl, imimediately on enlistment, by the general government. JOHN HERRON, Captain. - t This compaUny, except whore noted, enlisted at Pittsburgh, December 15, 1846.Thomas Bruster,'private. Died at Perote June 1, 1847, of disease contractecl in the service. Edward Buddy, private. Died at Puebla Aug. 7, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. Jacob Danner, private. Died at Puebla Sept. 1 O, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. John B. Herron, private. Died at Puebla Nov. 9, 1847, of wounds received at Puebla Oct. ~4, 1847. William Husted, private. Died at Puebla July 30, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. Charles Mason, piate. Died at Puebla July 27, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. Simon Schaeffer, private. Died at Jalapa May 13, 1847, of disease cointracted iD the service. John Sheldon, private. Died at Jalapa Mlay 6, 1847, of wounds received at Cerro Gordo, April 18, 1847. Charles Smith, private. Died at Perote July 30, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. Thomas Williams, private. Died at Perote June 25, 1847, of disease contracted in the service. Discharged. John Barr, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 5, 1847, for disability. Moses Bently, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 5, 1847, for disability. Oscar F. Betson, first serg,eant. Dischargfed at Perote June 16, 1847, for disability. Robert C. Brown, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Daniel Craver, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Joseph Funston, private. Discharged at Perote April 9, 1848, for disability. Stephen Gossett, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz June 9, 1847, for disability. Henry Hanley, private. Discharg,ed at Perote Juine 7, 1847, for disability. Charles A. Jones, private. Discharged at Perote for disability. George B. Kelly, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 5, 1847, for disability. Rowland C. Malone, corporal. Discharged at San Angel March 2, 1818, for disability. William McDonald, private. Discharoed at Vera Cruz April 5, 1847, for disability. William Mullen, private. Discharged at Perote Dec., 1847, for disability. John C. Patten, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Afterwards died. Robert F. Patterson, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. George P. Royer, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz June 7, 1847, for disability. John Schoppe, private. Discharged at Vera Cruz June 7, 1847, for disability. George F. Small, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Since died. William Walker, private. Discharged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Richard F. WVhitten, private. Discharged at VTera Cruz June 7, 1874, for disability. Andrew Wray, Jr., corporal. Discbarged at Perote June 7, 1847, for disability. Transferred. Thomas A. Rowley, second lieutenant, a-ed 28, enlisted, Nov. 20, 1846. Received furlou-,h thirty days April 15, 1847, and resigned at Vera Cruz. William A. Charlton, second junior lieutenant, ag05ed 42, enlisted Nov. 20, 1846. Elected captain May 15, 1848, and returned with the conmpanyO -Abijah Ferguson, first sergeant, aged 39. Elected first sergeant June 19, 1847, and returned with the company. James Chalfant, second sergeaiit, aged 32. Discharged Feb. 23, 1847, for sickness (ruptured), at Lobos Island. Hugh Bateman, tbird sergeant) aged 37. Died July 8, 1847, at Perote. Robert B. Young, fourth sergeant, ag,ed 25. Discharged April 9, 1847,:at Vera Cruz, for sickness. Alxeander P. Stewart, first corporal, aged 25. Promoted May 25, 1847, to third sergeant, and returned with the company. Robert McKee, second corporal, aged 22. Died at Puebla Oct. 30, 1847. Hiram Kennedy, third corporal, a-,ed 21. Promoted to second sergeant, and died at San Angel. Chares Brewton, fourth corporal, aged 21. Pron-loted to fourtli sero,eant, and killed by explosion of powder at Puebla. George Miller, drummer, aged 19. William Byerly, fifer, aged 26. Retulrned with the company. Jeremiah Armstrong, priva-te, aged 21. Diseblarged Apiril 9, 1847, at Vera Cruz, and died at New Orleans. Thomas Alexander, private, aued 23. Returned wit-h the company. James Armstrong, private, aged 23. Died at Jalapa June 4, 1847. W. G. Allen, private, ag,ed 26. Discharged at Perote Nov. 8, 1847, for sickness. Eliphant Barker, private, aged 32. Died at Puebla July 22, 1847. Charles Bryson, private, aged 19. Returned with the compaDy. Stephen G. Brown, private, aged 25. Ret-urned with the conipaDy. William H. Baker, private, aged 21. Discharged at Jalapa Nov. 22, 1847. Frederick Bowman, private, aged 22. Died at Perote Jan. 12 IS,147. Albert G. Beebe, private, aged 22. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 22, 1847, for sickness. James Bowden, private, aged 22. Wounded Oct. 10, 1847, and discharged at Puebla Nov. 22, 1847. William Blakely, private, aged 22. Pronioted to second lieutenant May 22, 184S) and returned with the comparly. Samuel Black, private, aged 26. Died at Puebla August 12, IS47. John Barton, private, aged 27. Died at Puebla Nov. 29, 1847, on account of wounds received.. Miles Brown, private, aged 28. Returned with the company. Thomas Cain, private, aged 29. Died at Puebla,.Oct. 30, 1847e Francis H. Cooley, private, aged 27. Returned with the company. John Condo, private, au,ed 28. Dischar-ed at Vera Cruz March 24, 1847, for sickness. John Dolan, private, aged 30. Wounded at Puebla, and returned with the company. Emanuel Edwards, private, aged 19. Wounded at Puebla, and returned with the company. Elias Foust, private, aged 20. Re'turned with the company; promoted to corporal. Frederick Fanemiller, private, a(,ed 24. Returned with the company. George Fingle, private, aged 42. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 22, 1847, and died at Pittsburgh. Daniel Guyer, private, aged 26. Discharged at New Orleans Feb. 28, 1847, for sickness. John Griffith, private, aged 20. Left company without leave and went on the Yucatan Expedition. John B. Gorman, private, aged 21. Died at Puebla Oct. 14, 1847, of wounds; remains brought home. William Graham, private, aued 31. Discharged at Vera Cruz for sickness. John Gibner, private, aged 26. Returned witli the company; promoted to corporal.' Bernard Hose, private, aged 25. Died at Perote July 6, 1847e Stephen Hamilton, private, a'(ed 22. Reported as missing at battle of City of Mexico; he then was in Steptoe Battery. James C. Hull, private, aged 19. Returned witlh the company; promoted to fourth seroeanlt. David Harkins, private, aued 19. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 17, 1847, wounded. James S. Harmon, private, aged 21, enlisted Jan. 10, 1847, at New Orleans. Returned witli the company. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 214 David Ackerman, sergeant. Transferred to Volunteers, at Perote, June 12, 1847. John H. Johnson, private. Transferred to Volunteers, at Perote, June 18, 1847. Deserted. Olis Amey, private. William Barnes, private. William Burns, private. William G. Ford, private. Company F, First Pennsylvania Company H, First Pennsylvania John J. Gill, private. William Golcher, private. John Perfect, private. William H. Rolett, private. Company A.* Alexander Hay, captain, aged 39, enlisted Nov. 20, 18416. Received furlough March 31, 1847, at Vera Cruz, and not returned; disch-arged. James O'H. Denny, first lieutenant, aged 25, enlisted Nov. 20,1846. Elected captain June 17, 1847, and resigned March 31, 1848, at San Angel. * This company, except where noted, enlisted at Pittsburgh, on November 26, 184L6.John H. Hoover, private, agecl 28. WVounded at Puebla, and retuLrned with the company. Frederick Heinteen, private, aged 20. Dischlarged at Jalapa Nov. 30, 1847, for sicknless. David Hagar, private, aged 20. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 29, 1847, for sickness. Jesse M. Holliday, private, aged 35. Diecl on his way hoine at Vera Cruz, June,l1848. John Hines, private, aged 26. Claimed by Second IJnited States Artillery at Vera Cruz. Samuel Inmet, private, aged 19. ]Discharg~ed at Puiebla, wolunded, and returned bome. William Kennedy, private, agecl 19. Returned wvith the company; promoted to tbird sergeant. John Krein, private, aged 23. Returned with the company. David Lindsey, private, aged 31. Discharged at Puebla Jan. 25, 1847, having been wouLnded at Cerro Gordo and Puebla. William S. Leyburn, private, aged 22. Returned with the comapany. Henry Lyneh, private, aged 20. Wo-unded at Puebla, and returned with the conmpany.'John Linhart, private, aged 19. Died April 22, 1847, having, been mortally wounded at Cerro Gordo. James McCutcheon, private, aged 30. Wouiidecl at Puebla, and discharged at Puebla Nov. 22, 1847. Alfred McDonald, private, aged 19. Returned with the company; promoted Jan. 22, 1848. David McMurtrie, private, aged 35-e Discharged or left in Mexico. Thomas McIntyre, private, aged 23. Returned with the coimpany. James McCaffrey, private, ag;ed 21. Died at Puebla Sept. 13, 1847. William McDermott, private, aged 23. Returned with the company. Bernard McNally, private, aged 33. Returned with the company. John W. McCulley, private, aged 29. Discharged at New Orleans Nov. 22, 1847. Charles B. Mowry, private, aged 19. Discharged at Puebla Nov. 22, 1847e Mansfield Mason, private, aged 19. Returned with the comnpany; wounded three times. James F. Morton, private, aged 25. Returned with the companyr; promoted to first sergeant. John M. Needs, private, aged 21. Thomas E. Ogden, private, aged 21. Discharged at Vera Cruz March 12, 1847. John Parker, -private, aged 26. Returned with the company. John Regan, private, agecl 30. Ret-urned with the company. Balser Ribold, private, aged 24. Died at Vera Cruz April 3, 1847. George Richerber, private, aged 19. Dischar,,ed at Perote on account of wounds at Puebla Nov. 29, 1847. James T. Shannon, private, aged 19. Returned with the compaiay. Hugh M. Shaw, private, aged 35. Died at Jalapa June 3, 1847. Hugh M. Skiles, private, agecl 24. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 9, 1847. James Sproat, private, aged 31. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 9, 1847. John Spitzley, private, aged 35. Died at Jalapa June 12, IS47. John Shaffer, private, aged 19e Transferred to Third Dragoons. Jolhn Savage, private, ag,ed 31. Returned with the company. William Sullivan, private, aged 21. Died at Puebla April 1 O, 1847. George Wilhelm, private, aged 26. Died at Perote July 12, 1847. Robert Wilson, private, aged 23. Wounded at Puebla, and returnled with the company. James B. Wright, private, aged 19. Died at Puebla Aug. 5, 1847. John Walker, private, aged 32. Returned with the company. Isaac Wright, private, aged 28. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 9, 18417. William H. Worthington, private, aged 23. Returned with the company. Robert Woods, private, agecl 26. Elected second- lieutenant June 17, 1847; returned with the company. Otis Young, Jr., private, aged 25. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 17, 1847. Eli Young, private, aged 23. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 17, 1847. Stephen B. Young, private, aued 33. Discharg,ed at Vera Cruz April 17, 1847. Christian F. Yost, private, aged 27. Returned with the companyrO John W. Patterson, private, aged 20. Discharged at Vera Cruz April 9,1847. Charles C. McDermott, private, aued 25 - enlisted Jan. 15, 1847, at New Orleans. Returned with the comnpany as drummer, in place of George Miller. George Bowers, New Orleans; Joseph Landraw, Pottsville; Charles Rassplur, 215 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVA-NIA. Philadelphia; Anthony Schneider, Pottsville; Frederick Schuss, Pittsburgh; Anthony Selisel, Pittsburgh; George Wandress, Pottsville-; John Yance, Pittsburgh; Ferdinand Yeager, Philadelphia. Nine privates, recruits in Comupany A. SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS-COLONEL WILLIAAM B. -ROBERTS. Co nq)a Cty I Robert Porter, captain. William Rankin, first lieutenant. James Kane, second lieuteiiant. Williani P. Skelly, second junior lieutenant. Francis Van Swarttow, first sergeant. Hugh McCann, second sergeant. George Dougherty, third ser-eant. Henry Cassidy, fourth sergeant. Discharged at New Orleans for disability January 29, 1847. Peter Murphy, fourthi sergeant. Promoted from fourth corporal to fourth sergeant January 18, 184~7. Francis G. Devlin, first corporal. Died at Puebla, time unknown. John Larkin, first corporal. Charles E. Soloman, seconed corporal. Edward O'Brien, third corporal. Joseph Burke, fourtlh corporal. Promoted to fourth corporal October 20, 1847, afterwards killed near the city of Mexico. Robert H. Kelly mnusiciaii. John Berger, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Puebla. Died, time unknown. John D. Brown, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Puebla. Died, time unknown. Nathan S. Burnett, private. Left at thl-e U. S. hospital at Vera Cruz, April 8, 1 847. Wilson S. Black, private. Discharged at J alapa, May, 1847. Lemuel Carr, private. Michael Cain, private. Francis Bigiler, private. Died at the city of Mexico, October 19, 18417. Patrick Collins, private. Thomas Carr, private. Discharged at New Orleans, January 28, 1847. John Christian, private. William Crawford, private. Frederick Deedenger, private. Left at the U. S. Hospital at Vera Cruz, April 8, 1847. David M. Davidson, private. John F. Engles, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Puebla. Died, time unknown. Francis Fuls, private. John Fraber, private. Discharged at Jalapa May, 1847. Archibald Graham, private. Edward Garret, private. Joln Gelston, private. John Gallagher, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Perote June 27, 1847. James Guthrie, private. William Garnett, private. Robert Hopper, private. Died at the U. S. hospital at Jalapa May 8, 1847. James Holmes, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Puebla. Died, time uniknown. John Hague, private. Died at the city of Mexico September 27, 1847. George Hart, private. Bernard Hart, private. Isaac Hoyt, private. James Harper, private. Augustus C. Hulton, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Vera Cruz April 8, 1847. Edward Jones, private. Christopher Johns, private. Died at the city of Mexico, San Angel, Sept. 12, 184l7. Michael Kessler, private. Robert Kennedy, private. Michael Kelly, private. Henry R. Kimmel, private. Shadrick Lane, private. Left at the U. S. hospital at Vera Cruz April 8, 184l7. i This company enlisted a.t Pittsburgh on December 30, 1846."C.) I6 Kutielier, Carl Kochonderfer, Cornelius Knoebel, Nicholas Knoer, Fritz Klenker, Henry Loefstroem, Frederick Lennig, George Lantz, John Lantz, Conrad Luchm, Hetiry Mickelburg Henry Miller, George Nan, Joseph Pflumm, Carl Preller, Philip Pulvermiller, August Rath, John Ross, Frederick Schade, Theodore Straub, George Salzmann, Otto Stuckhart, Frank Stoelzig, Samuel Sceibls, Henry Schmidt, Jacob Schmidt, Frederick Simon, Adam. Theurer, Henry Voght, George Weigant, William Wettack, Michael Winter, John Wuethrick, Herman Zedal. Commpany K. -Recruited at Pittshurgh; miistered in April 20, 1861. Captain, George Siegrist First Lieutenant, Peter Hill; Second LieLitenaitt, William Leitz; Sergeants, Francis Briam, Louis Lacher, Bartholomew Galbrath, Charles H. Sweeny; Corporals, Martin Hill, Sigismond Stalder, Michael,Klein, Philip Hiley Musicians, Tonny Fennings, John Zaeh; Privates, Constantine Auth, Thonlas Arhoot, William Bedner, Rudolph Beidner, Frederick Brettaner, Samuel F. Brown, Richard Clark, Henry Demitt, Charles Eberly, Max Eberly, Adolph Fisher, William H. Friessel, Robert Fisher, Henry Frederick, Anton Gabriel, Leopold Goldstrom, George L. Gegal, Charles Hoffnian, Augustus Heid, Marqus Herber, Adam Kauffman, Jacob Kleis, Henry Kreiner, Henry Kraus, John KaltenbacH, Charles Kiiiible, Hel-niaii Kracht, William i'darx, Williaiii Meyer, Williaiii 1Iiller, Atigiist Myer, CliLtrles Blike, Gottleib Bleifatli, Michael Malt, Charles Nerdhart, Heiii-y Neroman, Morach Oswald, Jacob Paiiltis, Josepti Pfeffer, Alfre(I Pearson, Beriihard Paliliis, Henry Rendtling, Cliristiaii Smitz, Frederick Sintenis, Ailton Selieideiiian, Joliii Stein,bach, Oscar N. Stinger, Potel- Sillitz, Hermail Stamm, Jol-iii W. Smitli, Casper Schirmer, Valentine Storg, Heiii-y Stelz, Joseph Seibert, Heni-y Schneider, Charles Scheifl(-, Si-isiiiond Staider, Albreelit Stooker, Henry Trube, Heni-y Ungerotli, John Weber, -John Youtig, Peter Zang, Viiieenne Zorg. SEVENTH REGI31ENT. Lientenant-Colonel, Oliver H. Rippey; 31ajor, F. P. Robinson. Go)iil)anyA.-Recriiit(,,datPittsbui-gli;iiitistere-diiiAprit23,1861. Captain,Mai-ii,iceWtllace;FirstLietitenant, 31organ It. Bi-yaii; Second Lieuteiiant, Henry W. Horbach; Sergeants, Jolin Reynolds, Janies Calliotiti, DLttiiet C. Colliiis, William B. Kauffman; Corporals, John Valleby, James Worniiiie, Williaiii H. Jeffries, John Lon'-staff; ilusiciaiis, Edward S. Magee, Patrick Donahoe; Privates, Henry Ackeriiian, Charles Algoe, Cliristoplier Baker, Samuel Boyd, Edward E. Brenard, Johii H. Brown, Joshua Brown, William Buck, William Byerly, John H. Carson, Timotliy Casey, Michael Casiday, James Clarli, John Claire, Daniel Connelly, At-tliiir Dayis, John Davi,, Williaii-i A. R. Davis, 12liclia,ed Dunn, Joseph Esclienbatim, Robei t Finfi-ock, Patrick Fisher, Heiiry Glunt, Jacob Gi-oss, Georgo Heniplilll, Janies R. Holiiies, Johii Johiison, John H. Jones, James Jones, Jolin Kig-ins, Ectwarcl Kipl), Antliony Kress. Elias 3lcAiirilch, Charles McCloskey,.O. C. 1NIcUlurg, Janies iNIcGee, Edward KcGinness, Patrick McLaughlin, S'Linuol C. 3leMillen, Chai-les MeMalioil, William H. Marshall, Patrick _T)Iason, Daniel W. Mitchell, John 3loi-ris, Robert Noilie, Jr., Thomas Noriiiinie, Cliarles Perkitis, William Pi-ince, William Richards, Wilt Rippey, Chiti-les H. Rhodes, Richard Itowe, Conrad Ittich, David R. Silverthorn, Williain Shields, Owen Sixiullin, John H. Stevensoti, Cyl-LIS 1-1. Stol-io, Charles H. Weeks, William W. Weeks, William Wfiiteside, Jaines Wiggins, James Wheelan, Elislia'Wise. Gonqany B.-Recruited at Alleglieny City; iiiustered in April 23, 1861. Captain, Casper Gang; First Lieutenant, George Gerst. Jr.; Second Lietiteiiant, Charles Geeb; Sergeants, Louis Wdenbach. Mechor Schilling, Henry Rise, Williani LeDtZ; Coi'poi-als, Joliii lNlohr, Louis Bachter, Charles Klein, George Scliiiei(ler; 1NIusicians, Cliarles'Rose, Pliilip Feth; Privates, Coiii-ad Abel, Charles Bechourg, George Betitel, George Breller, Christian Betz, Cliarles Bi-auiii, Michael Breelit, George Eckert, Jolin Eiber, Joseph Mchler, Chritian Faber, Jolin A. Fries, Jusepli Griinlieh, Pliilip-Gi-eiiiiiiagel, Joliii Goehring, Coni-ad Goetling, Jolin Herron, John H. Hicki-iian, Williaiii Ililler, Jollii Hollinger,11enry Jacob, I-leiii-y Koppell, Jolin Kraclienbuhl, Adain'Kunddell, Eugeiie Koernel-, Peter Le-elci-ien, Frederick Lininger, Joseph Lantz, George W. W. Latigner, Johti Miiieliart, Adani Michael, Ileiii-y Neighar, Oscai, Ocliiii-ler, Michael Pool, Henry Petereilis, Cliai'les Roelirog, TNIelchor Itotli, Conrad Rienisselinider, Williani Reitier, Hernian F. Reiner, Cht-istlaii Reis, George Reiiswig, Mat.hias Seifritz, Frank Seliwab, Jolin Seip, Jolin Schultz, Valentine Stemler,John Schmidc,, Anton Schilliiig, Coiirad Schabor, Fredericli Schell, John Schaefer, Eniaiiiiel Steiger, Cliaries Traup, John Vonnioas, Philip Yoalp, William Willieliii, Frederick Willleliii, Jolin Wagiler, Louis Williams, John Wolf, William Waldneyer, Jolin G. F. Zender. Covil)any E.-Recruited at Alleghetiy City; miistered in April 22, 1861. Captain, Ft-ank J. Robinson; First Lieutenant, Horatio Tyler; Secoii(I LieUteDant, Gustavus Brauii; Sergeants, Williaii-i tlarris, Saiiluel Glass, David Dill; Peter Keiiiie(ly; Corporals, Loyd Simpson, James Grenet, Alf'red Masonlieinier, Williain Qiiiiiti; Musicians, Isaac Itichey, Janies Dicksorl; Privates, Thunias Bonner, Robert P. Browii, Adam Beale, IVilliani 11. Burke, Sailluel Poyd, Williitii-i C. Crooks, Cflarles P. CoLttes, Willi:tm Cowell, George. W. Coleman, Tlion-ias Citinamoii, John Cailor, James Dennison, Harrison Dyal, David Dratie, Jolin Eelkins, Geor'ue Fritz, Adani Gi-issell', Cliristiaii Grinijell, Jolin C. Green, Williaii-i Hanna, Anios Hutchinson, Mort Dier Hughey, Joseph Heough, Arnol(I Heanciiy, Joiiii Johnson, Williaiii Kelages, Casper Kaufman, IVilliatil Kirlipatricli, Jacob Hir"ill, Sylvester Lillie, Charles Lingerfelter, Jolin A. Leritz, Reed TlUcClelland, Goorge Marshall, INliellael Maisick, Gregory Medd'er, Aloiizo Mercer, Jolin Murdock, Joliii W. McNew, Sinion AlcKain, Cotiritd Meyers, Frederick Mo'ss, Johii T)IcClelland, Williaui McVieher, Aiidi-ew Nellis Cornelius D. Ruper, William Sarver, Frank Staclitiotise, Joi-ry Sii-iitti, Josepli Sill, George Sorberly, Michael Saller, Andrew J. Scoot, Jacob Sliiel, Patrick Stapleton, Williaiii H. Topper, JOIID IV. Tonipkins, Joliti Toiiatice, Robert WaIlKer, John J. 11.'alker, Atexai-idei- Wadlow, William Wariloeli, Joseph Wassoil, Jacob Zimmer. Company F.-Recruited at Pittsbiii-gli; ii-itistered in April 22,1861. Capta-in, Joseph Gerard; Fii-st L,euteii,tnt,AridersonFaith;SecoiidLieuteiiat-it,WilliainC Eiiri,,-Iit;Ser-eaiits,AlexaiiderJolii,ston,Bitrtliolomew Scanlon, William Keetian, Alieliael Russell; Coi-poricls, Chai-les Levi, William H. Lewis, John W. Bell, Jacob Underwick; 3lus'leians, Mandolph Ctirry; Privates, Powell Asroti, Josepli Amer, Gotlieb Butcl-ter, Benjamin B..Baniford, Fraiik Belser, Frank Beardiiian, Joliti Brosey, Robert Browii, Alexaiidei- Bothwell, Jolin Briieston, Neal Graig, Williaiii C. Ciiiiipbell, Peter Conrad, Howell Davis, Michael Doiioliiie, Jolin Detrick, Crist Delk-er,'Williani Evaiis, Frederick Eckert, Ertiest Filln-lan, Jacob Fislier, Johii W. Fox, IVillian-i Graliam, Williaiii Geti(lis, Joliii B. G_4ser, Jacob Gainey, Alexander S. B. Hunter, Thomas Ilart. Jolin Heilpetibtig, Josepli Hall, William Joiies, I-leiii-y Kettenber-, Adam Katil, IVilliam Koeli, Johil Lailldiger, Patrick Lally, Jolin Littner, Franklin S. 1,ensingburg, Tliomas Morgan, Tholii(ts Mathews, Charles MorielKe, Jeri-y Murphy, Daniel Morin, IVilliam McElraxy, Lewis McKinney, James C. McLain, 31ichael McCullough, Barnard McGran). Jolili Nagle, Geor,,-e W. Parsons, Wjlliitlii Platt, Jolin Reagan, Edward RLiclclicli, David Rogers, Joliii'-taaf, Charles B. Stein, Andrew Shaw, Charles Stone, Weiideliii Stulin, Joliii Sparinan, Aiigiisttis Snell, Pliilip Sullivan, August Stailey, Joseph Tlioiiias, Heiiry G. Till, Adtttii Wilbert, Cliristiaii Wilbert. August Zion. Covijouny If.-Itecruited at Pittsburgli; ii-iustei-ed in Api-it 23, 1861. Captain, IN'illiam Trovillo; First Li(,utenant, 111ifflain Graham; Secoiid Lieutenant, William L. Foulk.; Sergeaiits, Isaac Wriglit, Ricliard Splaiii, Williaiii Fitzmorris, Edwai-ci Fliiiii; Corporals,, George Bills, 3lattlieNN, Fnazier, Hent-y Greatrake, George, Gazzani; illiisiciaiis, Johii Walby, Samuel Wiiitilrow; Privates, James W. Anthoiiy, Ralph Adams, Willutill. Bostivick, Jaii-ies Barkei-, Frederick Baiter. Aiidi-ew Betider, Lewis 136clitel, James Bi-owii, Janies W. Briggs, George -Bills, James Clary, WilliLtiii D. Conrad, Atidrew J. Cupps, George Cotich, James Clarlc, David ("revison, Charles Darly, Adaiii Eberhart, Blatthew Edgar, John Fraiiee, Jaines Ford, Ezekiel Gi-ane, Abraham Grifhth,George IleNvitt, David Herbert, Charles G. lluiiie, David Hunter, Edward Hilston, John Joliiiston, Alexaiicler Jolitiston, Henry Kiirtz, Petel- Kelly, Cliarles William Krunilah, Erilest-Katifield, Andrew Lentner, Jacob McMasters, Julia H. Mooney, George MassY, Peter IVIiIIei-, Conrad Metz, Jolin 31ai'tin, Williaiii llyers, Fritz Martin, Robert Montgomery, Joliii Nelsoii, Henry Platt, J:tnies Irwin, AndreNv Ro-ers, Cliai-les Ridgley,'IMattliew Steel, Augustus Sniith, Henry Sturdy, Thonias Silk, George Stiimp, Samuel Thurshy, Joliii Tityloi-, Joliii Thompson, David V. Waters, IVilliani Wc-ber, Jailies B. Wlialon, Cliristopher AVIiitniore, William Walters, Jaiiies Wiilters. TWELFTH REGIMENT. Colonel, David Can-ipbell; 31ajor, Alexander Hays. Coiiii)(zizy A.-Recruited at Pittsburgli; iiiustei-ed in April 25,1861. Captain, Samiiel A. 3leKee; First LielltellaDt, Jaiiies Chalfant; Secoiid LieLitenaiit, Saiiiuel Dobbins; Sergealits, Andrew Wayt, Dayid Spence, Geoi-ge flolnies, -Martin Cai-npe; Corporals, George HuglieA, Alexaiider Btitler, John Black, Charles L. Donoliue; 3lusicians, David A. Joiies, Victor Keller, Jr.; Pi-ivittes, Peter Alkiiison, Philip Busstie, lieni-y Z. Beniier, Ileiii-3, J. Byrer,.Tohn Baird, IVilliam Bennett, Alf'l-ed Campbell, Janies Y. Clark, David K. Critige, Coiii'ad Carl, George Deible, Wil-liani J. Dennison, Edward Foster, Hugh,Ftilton, Charles Green, Elias L. Gillespie, David Gleiiii, Joliii Hagan, PatrielK Harkins, William Hensell, Jr., Joliti C. Hershinan, Francis N. Heckilian, David Haclcwel(ler, Geor-e 1'. Harper, Tlioiiias Irwiii, Tiionias Jones, Jacob Iiiiikei-ly, Pliilip Knarr, Jackson Kerr, Joseph C. Little, Johii W. Lerris, Charles W Leofeross, Jolin Lau-liliri, Washington Laughlin, Janies Lytich, Tlioii-ias Bliller, Stewart. Montgoiiiery, William 31anhinney, Joliii Bliglit, Joseph Myers, Jolin Moreland, Cliarles J. B'Iai-riiier, Jaiiies 1NI..31orrow, Joliii H. Murphy, Thomas J. Moore, Hugh McCollin, George 1NIcKee, Williani McMillan, Aaroii J. Osborne, Albert G. Osbot-ne, Jolin W. PolaDd, Henry Potter, John B. ltobiiison, William Sinis, Williant. Stewart, George A. Sn-iitli, Alexander Spurrier, Edwiii 31. Seai-iian, George C. Saul, Willi.lni W. Staubs, HIenry Cz. Tlafel, Aarorl R. Tholeas, Thiorllas MU. Tateiii, Joseph E. Wing. Coiazpany BW.-Recriiited att Pittsburghl, nltistered ill April 295, 186a1. Cap fain, Jolii-i S. Kennedy; First Lieutenanlt, Williaiil B3ennett; Secoiid Lieutenlant, RobJert L. Coltart - SergUYeanats, Williatni B. Neeper, Jaiiies Petrie, Rob)ert A. Loomiis, Clem--etit P. Cautghey; Corporals, Jolin G. Woocls, Watlter H. Beeson, Frecderick H. KVennedy, Henry Mlitchrell; Mulsicians, Chat-les I)ebttndo, Robei-t Dill; Pi ivate's, Johil J. Albeitz. Jr., Nicliolas Borton, Geoi-ge Ki. Bratdy, Solomzon Boyd, Sainluel Burker, Johli Bi-addock, Johnl Becker, Johll Cassels, MIark Catijpbel'l, Alexander Caskey, Hatrvey G. Clhilds, Johnl I))onaghy;, Thlomas Dain, Joseph IH. Davis, Oliver G. Flenliingr, Alexanlder Flock, William L. Goulcl, Jolin S. Gould, Frank Gooclwiii, Williatni F. Gatzzain, Albert N. Hlarbours, Johii F. Haehnlen, Sr., Thiotiias R. Ker r, Cbarles C. Kremer,_Edward Knowles, Rtobert MI. Kinklie.td, Jolin R. Little, Jr-., Robert R. Little, Cliar;es MIartheiis, Saii-iuel WV. Dliller, Joliii P. MIartin, Pliilip Afowvry, John S. Mllirray, Williaiii MeLati-hliii, Newvtoji L. MIcClari-en, Alexander H. MIcCorkle, Arthur MIcLainl, Janies D). McGill, Jolin McCablte, C}larles WV. MIcHenrly, Williaipl R. Nicliolson, Jolin P. Rob)itzei-, John S. Rutlierford, Williamll S. Rean-is, Joseph D. Richarcls, John C. Rowaii, WVilliain Rodger s, Hugh E., Ricliey, Fre(lerick Seib)ert, Abr'aliaiii Slienlie, Josepli M.. Sample, Wlilliani Siltiipson, Jr., James Stevenason, John P. Scott, Frederick A. Smuckier, John Snodgrass, llobert Tliompson, HeiiryT B. Turbit, Fraiik Tui-bett, Charles Vicki, Henlry Vierlieller, James C. Walkinsliawv, Fraiik Wartl, George H. Watrd.: Corltpagzy C.-Recruited at Pittsb)urgh; mtistered in April;25, 186;1. Captali i, John H. SteNyart; First Lieutenatnt, Cliai-les Pi. Po)rter; Second Lietiteiiant, Williaii-i S. Collier; Sergeanlts, A\Villian- Thompsonl, Thlomals Little, Jr., Williaiii C. Sliaffer, Janmes Fowvler; Corporitls, Peter Delaney, Elvcln Jones, Johii C. Vandergrift, Jaimes Kiilkpatrick; MIusiciatns, lEdwai'd F. Saint, Fratncis Vanswacrton; Pi'ivates, John Atkinsonl, Rtobert Bl3el, Bazil Bell, P'atriclr. Booiyier, Patrick Collins, Tholmas Cvarotliers, Joliti B. Coates, William C,lowves, William H-. G'larlk, MIilton -Clerie, Fxrederickt Diei-st, Janmes R. Dielksonl, William J. Dasher, Josephi Davis, W0illiam Eiisell, John Ellis, Lewvis Fertling, David Pi tilton, John Fowler, Samulel Grove, Robert G)illespie, Thlomlas Glass, CharlIes W. Grijsmer, IJy1iiaii I-ogitLi, Jolin Harvoy, David Hill, George J. Hall, Johii Heinplhill, Ai-teimus Hol~ lis, Joseph G. Henry, Jolin G. Kinox, Josepli A. Knox, John liemp, Johln Kirkl)atrick, James E. Ki-oeseii, W\illiam Lafferty, Ricliard Lowis, RobJert MI. Lands, William Latinmer, ClifrIes W. INliller, Georg e CD. BIcKiiiley, John W. McC:lay, David 1NcCi-eary, Rtobert MIcAd1ams, Francis BIcESlfresli, Alexandler MIcConkey, Ilob)ert 31ctichelael,'Moses INI0.ctlicael, Jaii-ies MceGowavii, AVTilliai-i- J. 1NIcElroy, Geoi-ge Nib)le, R1obert Neillie, Sam-uel1 Parker, Lawvrence Re-itz, Willhimn J. Robinson, Jaim-es Reed, WVilliaiii Steel, Jaii-ies Stiiith, Norbert Sarazen, Thomlas H. Watt, William H. Wordeii, John J. Werliiig, Thlomas Wittiker, Jacob Yost. HISTORY OF ALLEGHEN=Y COUNTY, PE.NTN5SYLVA:NIA.' Edward Laverty, pi-ivtate. David Lusk, priva-te. Patric;k Means, private. Michael Menk, pirivalte. Joliin D. Mahon, private. Jolaln Magee, private. Died in the IJ. S. liospital at Vera CrUZ Jun1e 20, 1847. Frederick Masonheimer, private. Left inl tlhe U. S. liospital at Puebla. Died, tiime unkiiowil. Jolhn Muirphy, private. Frederick Meyer, private. Jobn McDonald, privTate. Felix 3IeDonald,.private. Frederick Nemeyer, private. Flen-iin, MXontgomlery, pirivate.:Killecl at iNew Orleanls January 20, 184'7. Robert D. iNicholdsoil, pr-ivate. Ksilled inear tlle city of Mexico. Tillie unkDow005n. Tlioi-iias iNolaild, private. Left at thle U. S. liospital at Vera CrUZ April 8, 18417. P'atrick O'Brieii, pirivate. John Opligei-, private. Charles Powell, private. Jacob Roener, private. Peter Richey, private. Johln J. Sally, private. Left at thle U. S. lhospital at Puebla. Died, time unikniown. Jobn Schultz, private. Caleb- Sbearer, priv7ate. Cbarles Stewlt-, private. Dainiel Smlit;h, private. Petcit MI. Siiiith, pirivate. Eclward Smiitlh, pirivate. Jztiiies Smnith, pi-ivate. Died at the city of tIlexico Oct., 1847. AdaGm Schneider, private. Diecl at the city of MXexico Oct. 24, 1847. John Thomas, pi-ivate. Adam Grantz, pirivate. Died at the U. S. hlospital at Vera Cruz April 10, 1847. Frederick WVise, privrate. Robert Wiseman, private. NiSiholas WAerdy, private. FIrancis VToultz, pi-ivate. Left at the U. S. bospital at Perote Juine 27, 1849. Heiiry Yost, priv7ate. Left at tlle U. S. liospitLLI at Perote Junle 27, 1849. Antbony Galvin, private. MicThael Kelly, private. Jobn WY. Reed, private. Isaac X. Hloopes, private. -WAR 018 THE REBELTjION. THIREE 3iONTHS' SERVICE. TIIIRD REGIMIENT. SI1(tjor, Oliver MI. Irvine. Uwnl;t)anzy I.-lRecrulited at East Liberty; iiiuste-recl in April 2i0, 1861. Captatin, Josia1h J. Lawvson: First Lieutenlant, John] W. Hicks; Sneond Lieutenai-it, Geoi-ge F. WNeitzel; Serg,eants, Pliilip S. BSaer, Joitatliaiil WoolSlatver, Joseplil Andei-soii, GSotlielb Asbulry; Corporavl.3, Char;les II'Farlatne, Hleinly WVoolslayeli, Conratd Fix, Aiillrewv Mitchlell; 31.usici,,tns, Jatllies WNoolslayer, Mafrculs Mlillingoer; Privates, -DavAi Brsot), Adam Beatlirr Btuni, Geoi-ge W. Bry.aiit, Etigeiie L. Bauler, Scott R. Crawf-lord, Patrick Connelly,.J,h Colhlocker, D)ilwvorth Dewees, Adamll Dehiarvte, Pattrick Diatmondf, Jaiiies Forsythe, Fretlerick Flol-in, Norris L. Greeii, John W. Grist, WVilliatni Gatinlster,,Sanmtiel A. Gettys3, WYilliaim- Gorrill, Analiiias R. Hugliey, Geoi-ge Hal-i-xilton, Henry 11,irtinanl, Jollli Hellel-, Bertiatld Hfartwick, Davicl A. ELinillelright. Dacvid Irvine, Philip H. Krebus, Gleo r-e D. Kauffixian, Jolxl iti Kayk-esler, Joel Lovei-idg e, Williatlli E. Long(, Frdelelick Lipp, Joll ll H. M1oliler, W\ilhainl S. MIarks, Isaac MAcKtee, Jesse 31. MNorris, Jatcob lNIixner, Walter Merley, Robert MIcNiftz, WTilliaii MIcMulnn Da(niel Fi. Negley, Ross Negley, Johil O'Niel, NVilliaiii P. Price, A-Lgiisttis Ricldlle, John Roberts, Cary A. Rulssell, John It. Reese, Jolin Shannonl, Jos3eph Schafbenlsteinl, Henry Stark, Ch}arles Sitzler,.Jacob Seliuclk, Williactm Tapper, Josepli W. Tuttle, WVilliaul A. Tlxompsoin, Jolin B.- Winkler, Cliarles A. Wilson, NN'alter F;. Young. FIFTH REGIMIENT. Colonel, R. P. Mc;Dowell. (!Own?ptny -A.-Recruitecl at Alleglieny City; niiistered in April 20,1861. Captain George W. Dcawson; Fii-st;ieiitei-iant, Jo-;el)}lus Hepseley; Secollid Lietitenant, Washin-ton Swein; Sergeants,.TJackson Scott, Jacob J. Gt ubl s, Lee W\. Stevens,J,olin C. RiEdgwYay; Corporals, Joli J. IVeis. Saiiiiiel F. Bitts, Josep)h Hulek, Herii-iaii Oliember- 3Iusiciaills, Ma.thew R. Jeffries, Jolina Katne; Pi-ivates, Albert Auiidt, Williami- H. Alliliig, C1harles Assue, Jotlrn Auglienbaugh, David 13uchatliaii, Datvidl Belle, William Becktel l'e-ter Betinett, Eli Crennner, Johnll A. Chess, Saniuel (Juppls, Johii Cruchl-ougli, Aaronl Deiimet-, Jose ph Debzidt, Cyrus Dyer, Geo)rge W. DollSgilei ty, Aiigust Ecliey, Thioiiias Eg. Flag, C'harles S. Flag, Tatylor Freebor n, T'homals 1). Field, JoDhn Feedee, Jolin Fostioiiliht, Jolin H. Fox, I-3enry F. l;oltz, Heiirv H. Good, \\Villiam Harper, Rudolp)h Hlyde, Hullbbard Hen, John L,. Johiiison, Fredericok Klous, Georo,e W. ILithgrow, Johii B. lLawhiead, Jolin C. 1yers, Ftrederick 31anlson, MIichael 31ellerIous, Janises iNlilliganl, Thomias 1Mcaitiii, David MI. NIillillii, Jaimes MI'Dowvell, Thoinas BillDei-m-oltht, l)aniel M Henlry, Tlhom-as Nortoii, H-enry J. _Nevergold, Valentine Newvsbeuim, John Nicholas, Thoimas Oliphlandl, Johln E. Peters, Tlionmas Parlker, Albert lleadlei, George Rush, William Stein, George( W. ShawYbridge, Isi-ael B. Stern, 3lichael Snyder, Edwxard Spanliel, Davicl Swirldells, Tlieodore Sigiiion, John Slliall, Jalmes Steinbergi r, Andrewv Ulrichi, Johii A. W\illiaiiis, A. Janies Watlshe, Joh-n Winaler, Joseph} WVinegtrdner, W. EUniiioi- Wiley. Coiitpany B.-Recruitedl at Pittsburgh; mustered in Api-il 20, 1861. Captain, Henry Aiiilung; FRirst Lieu teiiant, i\latrtiii Heckfelman, Seconcl Lieutenatnt, Chail les Resbele; Serg;eants, Chr istoplier S}lelhatrdt, Cliristian Finn, John Gaiset-, Fredlerick Hatupt; Corporals, Robert Deitr-ick, Joseph Haii-niel, Arnold MockelbulrCliarles Riclisptfari; Miisiciarns, Johin Bratnn,:Edrwar(l Ficatkowvski; Privateis, Frederick Arnold, Henry Arterwaerth, I-lenry AiischeLltz, Fredericki Berb)erick, Geor ge Boland, Elenry Beiiz, Herman Blui-e, Albei-t Bey, C'iiristianl BtlIz, Lewis DIeitrick, Ri)b,Art EZpple, Charlles Fr.Lsch, Jacob Fvrankl, Christian F'oelbel, CShrl es Fishe r WVilliam Faterber, Jolin Fackel, Cliristiaii Goebz, Fritilk Geissler, Catrl Gusindi, Lewis Groeb)e, PlAlil ip) Goetmian, Jolii Horn, Carl Haulpt, Fi-itz Heinlle, Cctrl Haas, Cl-iristiaii Holzapple, Adolph Henninger, Jolin Hloedle, Heni-y Hesserich, William Hoehn, Jatcob Jtitigbluts, Davicl Kvoehler, Lewis K(ramer, Adlam Kauff, WTilliamFrai-icis Doiiglierty, Henry I)'II, Lamuel Doak, Thon-las Dean, Geor-o Edmonds, Williams Elkins, Tlioiiias B. Freeborn, Walter Fletelier, Charles Fletcher, Joliii I-lousto-ii, Francis flil-ghts, Jolin Ilopliiiis, John I-Ioliiies, Michael Kellv, Patrick. Kelly, Ist, Ratrick. Kelly, 2d, Johii LenDiX, Joliii Lindsey, Joliii Lyons, Georgo Marbles, Williani 31oody,Johii illorrow, JOIIII MilligU), JOIIII MUIII(Iland, Bernard McDonald, James McGamer, ll'illiaiii McCarty, Paul McShane, Daniel ilIcKititiey, Jolill McCan-imon, TI-ioiiias Nelson. Joliii Nich,ds, 17ilMim Newton, Michael O'Conuell, David Oliti, Geoi-ge Robinson. Patrick Roclc., James Ryan, EdWLrd SIP'll,'Williani H. Stewart, Samuel Taylor, Peter Walker, Joseph 11. Weelis, Peter Wlittlin, Willi(tiii Wttltei's, John Wilks. Com_pan,y If.-Itecriiitecl at P!Wburgh; n-vistered in April 26,1861. Captain, JohTi Poland; First Lieiiteiiant, John 1). Qtiinti; Secon(I Lieutonant, Thomas Moorie.y; Sei-geants, lieni-y Hudsou, Cliarles WilUllson, Joliii P. Leonard, BOTIton F. Browii; C;)rporals, Abiier Updegraft, Samuel Alexander, JoIin. L. Fowler, Williain B. 3feLaiigliliii; Miisicians. Blieliael O'Brien, Fratili Millste:n; Privates, Jolin 11. All(In, Edwin Andersoti, William J. Bi-iglit. Nathaii Bernhard, David Boptrt, Tlioillas J. Bradtmry,'Arthur Burns,John Buckley, s 0 Jarnes W. Carline, He-tiry M. Clayes, Samuel C. Clai-li, Williiiiii Cliantlet-, Patrick Girroll, James Crone, Matthew Carroll, Lewis Cleaver, Alexander Cbirk,.Janios C. Davis, S;miuel 1-1. DaN,is, -John H. Donrlisoii, Lewis Fiseller,James B. Fleming, Jailles C. Gi-eeit, James P.'Greeii, Willittni Grahain, Joliii Griiie, WittJain Hang Jolin C. lloliiies, John Harper, Jirries Ifarni,)n, Janles Henliessey, Cli(tries P. flahbard, Frank J. Kolhec)er, Jolin 11. Kelsev, Jolin Lon-!en, Williiiiii L. Langkliii, Charles Leoriard, Josepli M. Laiiglilin, D;ivi(l Lghtliffl, Washington L!me, James R. 3lcCoriiiae, Stephen Multenberger, Geoi-ge McChesney, Davi(I McDonald, Wm. J. illeGratty, Thoinas L. Nixori, Thomas Portei-, Joseph Quartz, Michael Rice, Willian-1 A. Ridge, Heilry Shriver, David A. Stewart, Daniel W. Siiiitlisoii, Joliii C. Sweeney, Samuel B.'J'aylor, George Vaii Pool, Jolin E. White, Epliraiiii Whiter, Janies Wells, William Wigley, Jaines A. Wlelilial, Jolin Watt. FOURTEENTEI REGITMENT. Compav,y K.-Recriiited at 3leKeesport; Dlllstereci in April 24, 1861. Captain, Christian Snyder; First Lieutenant, Fi-ederielc Shaum; Secon(i Lieutenant, George Hast; Sergeints,John Misl'lel, Peter ,Itmyer, G. 31. Bacon, Thom;is J. Diiiilevy; Corporals, Leo Hiiss, lletiry Lickert, lVilliain Behiii, Frailh. Musicianq, Matthias Muineyer, Joliii Hiiglies; Privates, Williaiii Backhoilse, Mattliew Bennett, Nichola;4 liaeli, Adaiii Bi-hop, Williiiiii Carr, Aarori Cull)ert, Dav'd C. Crawford, Josepli Cooliiig, Tlioziias Cooper, Henry Dougberty, Jamison Doiigherty, Joliti Davis, Joseph Evaiis, Rhinelmrt Fastman, George Flore, Jainei Gillelirist, Jolin A. Gochnaiier, Frankiiii Gi-iffitli, Stepheii Hass, Davicl Ileasley, Rol)ert Il;rrisoll, Ifellry Henqel, George Hall, John Krincliline, Pete C. Kristnian, Henry Iiiiig, A. D. Kol-)ert, -John Learch, Hem-y Loiig, Geor-c Ludwig, Goorge, M-izer, James 31cLaughlin, Alexander McGraw, 1)h,1'.p Miller, Fredenck Mari.in, W. C. Meaus, G. W. Matisfield WIlialli Mol-Aock. Charles -Morkalt, John Pi-itelier, John RaLlp-pber, Frai-icis Itobinsoti, Christian Reicht,,y,Joh)i Roach, J011 11 Re tipl.), 111iinoliar(It Stehim,_tz, James W. Stephens, Wlliain Sl(atie, Courad Speidel. Nicholas, Shel)h,rd, John Saybold, PeterStein, John Sllaffer, F. J. Tisli, Matthias Miller, JiLcob Veriiei-, Thoilits Wools, itubert NVeitzel, Joliii Welsbly, Joliu S. 117olf, Jolill Wuitztj, Geurge L. Walters. TIlPtEE YEARS' SERVICE. ELEVENTH REGI31ENT. See Deittli-Roll for particulars as to naii-ies -niarlied -with aii asterisk Coinpany G-Rrcruited in Allegheny Couiity. Captains, Jolin B.McGrew, Robert AnLlei-soii; First Lieutenant--, Aii(irt-w G. Hopper, John A. Harri-, John Brenneillan; Second Uentetiant, Freder'ck W. Leidtke; Sergeants, b'raiicis Jetinings, Jolin Shepler, Janies S. Steele, J1,11110S TArge, James Miissen,:- Robert E;irlo-y, PeLer Siieplet', Joliii Ingram, Joliii Greg- *John A. McGoNvii, Archil)aId L. THeDuff, Charles McCormick,, lictiry W. Laiig, -John Connor; Corporals, Thomas W. MerrAt, Frederick Rose, Neal Deacon, Williaill 13. F(-III, J ()Iiil W. B i-iiict le, Charles 11. Baker, Rojiry Fitra, E iias A. Su II i van, C I ai-k B. Must"ard, Henry Shopler, Charles Snvdor, William D. Rhodes, Joseph H. Wheaton; Musicians, Francis J. Giitli, Cliarles J. Itens; Private,, Jotirl Aidersoii, Peter Atkitisoii, Aiigustus Arnoud, David An(I(,rs,)n,* Rehard Armstrong, Peter Beniiett, Williiiii Betinett, Ephraim Boi-itig, Jr.. Lemiord Boritig, Samuel Bolii-, Moses Brown, Napoleon Bootli, David Bradford, Elihnahn Boring, Sr., A'illianl Bisliop,*- Abraliall-l. Jacob Beare,"Nicholas l3umgarteii. Jo-,eph Brook,, James Br()oks, James lt. (joates, Michael Crawford, -David L. Crosseii, Elias Campbell, George Co;ltes, Joitil C. Carter, Isaac Cayley, James Chirke, J,din Co\van,`- Ch-irles CMT, 1)cter Clark, Patrick (IollinS, DAVid W. Dowdy. Jose-ph A. Devery, Williain J. Dougherty, Eplindin Davis, Willi(iiii Dotinelsoii,* Peter Donahue,:-Jolin AV. Dodlyl* William Edwards, Sainuol E lwards, J:tinos P. Evaiis. David C. Frazer, Williaii-i Fellebauni, Joliii Fotillis, Jttiiies Flood, Edwai'd FimlleN, * AVilli(tiii Fellatoar, Janies IV. Greeiie, Frederick Ginters, Williani. Gilkey, Frederick Gerst, Josiah Giilen,;:`Adani Greeiie, George Gragg% Geoi-,,,,(, W. Gilbert, Levi Rill, Peter Hill, Sailillet Harkness, John liersoii, William Huey, Daniel. Hill, Thomas C. Hopkins,,' Tlioiiias flonlon,:-' Daniel Ifelman,* Heiii-Y f1a-ue,*' lieiiry Hentzel,* Williani I. Hoeliter, Adain Huffilian, Mielmel Helinan, Jmnes Hogmi, Charles Henry, Joseph llea-les,` Tinlothy W. Irwin,* Alexander Jefferson, Hiraill Jones, Rieli,ard. Kallei-, Josepli W. K(iily,Joseph Kiesge, Frttiieis Kiiig, Adani Lerii, Thomas Logue, George La Fi-aiiec, John La Fi-ance, Joseph Link, James Lticas, Juliii La France,* Edward Loiig, IVasliiiigton ililler, Willialli Myers, Franlilin Maeliey, Ditniel illayliugli, Reuben McMichael, John McMahon, Sr., Joliii MeN_eil, Joilli Meires, Patrick, iNloyer, Joseph Martin, Archil)aid MeUes, Williaiii 211[cLaughlin, Michael T)IeLaugliliri, Petei- -Mimm, Joseph McGoNven, James McAllistet-, ChtrIes McKay, Sanford 3loyei-, Robert INIeFerreii. Peter ililler, Andrew G. Mackey, George Masterson, Jolin _McVty,'*- Joseph MeLees,* Alexan(ler INLirtiii,`-'I'hoiiias -31urray, All)ha.Mc.Nllister, Tlioiti(is Melorie, James Mulleii, Jaiiies Altii-rity, Tlioirias McKiniiev, Robert Napier, John -NITeal, James O'Doiiiiell, Isaac Ogle, Johii Oxly,* William Pratt, -David Price, Joliii Plyben, Jollyi 0. Perciv:ll, Jacob Porter, William Palmer, Saihuel Proutz, William Rtitli, Isaac Robb, William Repparil, Francis Rt4illy, David -s, -ancis Reed,", William Rogers, Charles Reed, Cliristopliei- Slitio-arts, Rodgers, Joliii Reilly,:i: Jolin Itocigei * Fl.1 "I Coi-iielitis Stillivati, Jolin Savage, Martin shritmer, Ambrose Sourwalt, iNfatthias Schwaitz, Heiii-y 11. Shultz,* Joltii Struthers, Joliii Sowers, NVilliaiii Tlioinsoii, Charles Teiclie, Williani fl. Wilson,.John Welsh, Willimn Warren, Rieliard Williaiiis, Napoleoii Wish,irt, Liiitorti Willianis, David Weatherhy, William 31. AVilcox, Joseph'Warren,* Williain Watson, Jolin Wei-ts, Jaiiies Willian-is, David Wolf," Williani S. kVislier, James Wilsoii. TWENTY-EIGHTfl REGIMENT.::-'Company L.-Recruited in Alle-heii-y Cotiilty. Captaiii, Janies 135Arr; ri irst Lieiitenant, Joseph 31I. Knap; Secoiid Lieutenant, Jolin C. Heazlett; Sergeaiits, George Seip, Aluxztnder A. 131,tck, Rot)ert lt. Sinith," fliram. F. Ely, Jesse _Mullaffle; Corporals, Betijaiiiiii S. Conkle, Joliii Stra;,ii, Leaiidei, A. Rol)b, George Penn,:` Hetiry B. Goiiier, Joliti _McCaffrey, William G. Andersoit, Mahlon Ewhig:,; 1,11usicttil, Henry Hanna; Privates, -\Villiaiii Aiiclei-soii, David Aikeii, Charles Aiidre, Geot-ge B"Lille, Adam Blackhead,* Alviii M. Bailey, Edwarri. Brooks, GeorgcA Buchanan, Henry Z. Beiiner, John Burtis, Henry Bastian, flenry Brinkerm!tn, Joliii 11. Cuntiffe, Boy(I Coe., Patrick F. Crunan, Geot-ge B. Copeland, William H. Ca-titliii, Johii F. Coil, Joliii Davis, llohort W. Dix, Jolin Divine, Georg-e T. Dibel, Mark Dalby, S;imuel Eccles, Daniel H. Emme, Benjamin Evans, Tlioii-ias Forsyth, Conrad Frieiid, Mich!tel Fickling, I-lenry Fickliti-, Christian Fillillutli, Jos!,I)ll Grahani, Edward Gibsoli, Adani Heckel, R'!chard flill, Janl-s B. 0. Iloobacli, Thomas Rellerman. Jitcob I-lelvet-soil, Richard Henry, Jolin Hart, Williall-1 Johnson, William L. Jones, Andrew W. Joiies, Joliii Kesler, Joseph Kennedy, Charles Kair, Cliarles B. Laughliii, Gottlieb Lehmann, Thomas LoNvry, Francis Lewis, Jaiiio,s Lucas, Goor-e Ltitz, Samuel ililey, W IliMn 31:tloney, Johii?\Iarshall Willian-i Mattson, Geor-e T. ain NIcHathe Ttioiiias'McKeniie Mittone, Josepii Maddeti, James Alachall, Hir. y, William 2\1cLaughlit), R,()bort -Newton, HU-11 PLti-ks, Richard W. Popparil, Edward D. Peak, Alfro(i Potts, Sitii-itiel R-imho, Christian 11peves', NVilliitiii F. Stecliiian, Frederick Slatter, Leonard C. Simpion, Rolwrt C. Siiiitil, Cliartes It. Seville, Charles E. Sliort, William Sands, William R. Slililtz, Williain Shephard, George W. Saylor, Andi-ew J. Salst)urg, Jacot) Shatt, 11-nry Seip, Peter 1-1. Sttiitfi, Thomas B. Sitiith, Gor,_,e NV. S:iiith, NathAniel R. Thonlw4, Joliii Thorlitoii, Thonias INI. Tateni, Nathan fl. Uliiier, Aiidrew (. Vaii Kirk, MAton Wolf, Thomas Ward, NViltiiiiii B. Waterman. T11IRTY-SEVENTH REGIME-NT-EIGHTH RESERVES. Colonel, George, S. Hays, INI.D. C)mpany B.-Re(ruited iii Allegheny Couiity. Captain-Z, Robert E. Jolinsoii, Fraiilc iNI. Nel,,on; First Lieutenants, William M. Carter,* Alexarider ill. INI(Xmie; Second L'e-Litenants, Geol-ge, W. Parke, Daniel M., I - I __ - T_--,,1-. XXT411-- T I - W- Brewster, William J. Ste;trns, Jeffersoti Bradford, Jitti-ies McEtileer; Sergeants, Joliti Vaughti, G,,orge Iffiller,:'- NoNvtoii Stoffor, Joliii V. Shu--Lrt, Francis M. FrAch; Corporals, Witsli. iNi. Meredith, Neal llliilip Curniaii,--,- Samuel Fry, William Cottrel, Conrad Knoblaclc, Alex. B. Kennedy; Privates, Heiiry Abbott, Henry C. Breakiron, Johii S. Btirns, George Blitz, Joliti Bryati. Peter Brady, Janies Bi-owri, Henry D. Clugstun, Atistiii W. Colqton, Bertrain Cox, William 1-1. Carless, William A. Ciiiidoti, William Ctligstoli, Edw'n 11'. Clark,",- Edw. J. Doup,herty. Sanniel. j,'. D,)dd, George W. Eclioff, George R. Everson,* J. R. Frankenberger, Charles Frenzr,:j'. Joliri C. Gray, Butler Grubbs, Mattliew Gant, J,din W. Grubbs, Leopolct Grieshab,,tr, Joseph AV, Iloovei-, Robert C. Hanna, Geor-e R. Hatfielcl. Robert It. Iltinter, Alfred G. Ifattiilton, Joseph W. Hoover, EpliriLim Sordari, Alexaii(ler Kei-i-, Johii Krumple,:i: Daiiiel. W. Keefer, SMIluel. Landis, Henry Linierkul CliiLl-les Mtilleii, James Ialone. Charles W. McKee, Thornas Massey,:: T. W. Mc(j1(-llan(l,:-' Charles TdcAllister,* Edward McFadden,* Burwir(l TdcGinnis,'* -Matthew Joliii McGreevy,* Thom.-ts J. Miller,:' AN'illikini K. NTowl;n-, George W. Nelson, Seliuylet- Nicholsoti,:' William Ileters, IA'illiaiii Phillips, Orlando Plitillan, John Patter'soll,:" Charles Weh;irdson, Ati(ireNv It. lteed, James Ree(l, Samuel Y. Richey, Daiiiel C. 114-1)y, Patric1c Slieri(laii, William Sruith, Joseph Silipp'* Jaines Steele,* INlichael. Tracy,* Florian Weavei-, Jolin lt. IVilli-tiiis, George 11. Welch, Simpson Walker, Coltiinbus A. Ward, Henry Wissing, Jitnies Wood,:": Willialli K. Wood,:" Harrison YounO: Cowpany C.-Recriiited in Allegheny Couiity. Captains, George Hays, George, S. Galliipe, Jos(ph Fricher; Yrst Lieutenant, Jolin A. Diebot(i; Secoii(i Lieutenant, Jolin A. Floyd; Sergeants, Johil Doriiigton, 11. Y. Fitzsiiiimons- Charles Haclier,* Effivard Abel, Josel)h Nixon, Jacob C. Cameron,* George B. Fr tz. Alexaiider Law, Edward Clark, Jitiiies Campbell; Coi-porals, Gardiiei- K. Earnest, Joliii A. Culbert, Robert W. Ramsey, Jolin Kiriiiey, Thomas 31ontgoinery,'* Christ. D. Aggert,.r, Jolin A. Wiley, Jaines Mc(,)uillen, Peter Rowm; Privates, Matthias W. Altitiaii, Josepli Altm;L11, Henry Alton, Andrew Bal.:er, Willbim. B.asing, Wilialii Bootli, Jolin Brooks, Williaii-i Bradley, William D. Baxter, Samuel BzLliet-, Joliii A. Brooks, Samuel B)yer, Joseph Cooper, Samuel D Carney,*Joseph T. Doyle, Joiepli F. Diebold, S;tintiel Davis,* Williain B. Elliott, Joliii fl. Erb, NVilliam A. Fritz, Joseph Frederick, Jordan Vritz, George S. Fritz, John Howell, James A. hilenlan,.John liarper, Retiben Hard, Phiiip ff;Las, Patriuk I-Itii-ley, Fraiilc I-letlley,": Thomas Hughes, Williaiii Janies, Jolin James, Ttioiyias James,": David Joiies, John Kiiittel, Jolin Kelioe, Jolin Liviligstoll, Wash;ilgton Lewis,* Cotirad Bletzger, James 31ontgon-iery, Alexander McDavid, Jimes 31errington, Henry Mei-imii, Companies L, 11, N, 0, and P wei-e detached October 28, 1862, and, together witli tlirce now conlpanif,s eiiliste(I at Harrisburg, wei-c organzed as the One liiiii(ire(i and Forty-seventh Regiment. ZD Cornlortny D.-Ree-riiited'at Pittsburgh; miistore(I in Alji-it 25, 1861. Captain, Williani M. Tomlinsoii; First Lieutemant, Mattliew Gi-tiff; Second-Lieutenant, Williaiii 11' Fur-uson -, Sergeatits, Sainuel Furgtison, Dztiiiet Ityan, Artlitir 31illen, Jerome Lutz; Corporals, Charles f,orenz,John Willock, James E. Ledlie, George Tonilinson; Musicians, Jolin Dingeldein, Nicholas Youtig; Privates, David Berlin, Johii Blztit-, Nicholas Brady, Thomas Burke, James Cavanagh, Charles Cauckins, Clarke Cuckler, Edward Cramer, Jollit Cain, Robert Cramer, JLtmes J. Citrle, Andrew Fulton, Albert C. Faller, Janies Fur-iisoti, Lewi-; Fre(lerick, Williaiii J. Galbraitli, Jusepli Greenough, John Graliani, Janies Gor(lin, William Howe, Henry Helper, Ed%vitrd Hassa, Geot-ge T. Hendriek, Lewis Imhrie, iNiatthew Kin;;o1:i, Randall Kei-nal, Jacksoti Lane. Elij;ih Leecii, Frank Loceli, Edward Morehead, DavH Tilot-se, iNiartiti Mw;nty, Cornelius Mundy, Sitniuel TI'IcDonald, J;Inie- --NICEIi-ov, John 31. McAfee, Williaiii McClelland, Thomas AlcGlone, Thonias F. Oliver, Jolin Pryor, Joliti llobiiisoii, Clarles Roese, Samtiel Reams. Isaac Rigby, Charles J. Smith, Jolin G. Stevens, Robert Stewart, David Sinis, Jolin W. Schubart, Henry A. Sharpe, Cliarles Sclimidt, Fr(ank Scliaffer, Albert Schumann, Chri4tian Scitileiiman, George Teorge, Nicholas Teorge, Jttii-ies W. Thoi-ne., Thomas Westerman, Joliii Westerman, Peter ANI'eaxer, Willialli J. Wilson, Johii Winnei-sly, Balthaser Weiss, Henry Zimmerman. Cwn))any I.-Recruitedat Pittsburgli; mustered iTi April 2,5,1861. Captain, Georg., W. Tanner; First Lieiiteriant,flenry 0. Ot-iiisbee; SecotidLieutenant, Williaiii G. McCreary; Sergeants, Th-anas J. Armstrong, George W. Gillespie, Charlis Shealer, Albert G.-Lucas; Corporals, Johii McClintock, Charles Carpenter, Charles J. Lolig, Williaiii Whitesi(les; 31tisicians, Heiiry J. Miller, Liicien Gi-ay; Privates, James C. Agnew, Walter F. Ander-.son, William 1-1. Ayers, Willian-i H. Alexander, Thonias Arniour, Alo'red B. Boyle, Jolin Boulton, Orlando C. Brown, Samuel R. Boggs, Jolin S. Bayne, George W. Ballentine, Atidrew J. Britiliet-, Johii J. Benitz, f-lenry H. Bell, Williim W. Barker, IVilliain S. Bell, Henry Coates, Sainuel A. Chamber, Jacob C. Cooley, Williain B. Campbell, Jaii-ies M. Craig, Henry W. Clarlce, Richard B. Cochran, Cliaxles C. Cooke, Francis A. Dutiii, Reese E. Fleeson, John V. Fell, Johii N. For.-ythe, Pittrick J. Foley, Samuel P. Gamble, George W. Gari-ison, Eiiianiiel J. Gross, Frederick iNI. Gipner, Ti-lomas D. Hodkinson, Sainuol Hunsicker, Josepli 31. Hazlett, y, Robert Kleet, 01-laiido M. Loomis, Da%-id Lowry, Jo;:el)li -T),Iyers, Saiiitiel 311oo(iy, William V. Marquis, Daniel Maguire, Frederick. Mason, Johii 31. McGratty, Saini-it-I F. McBride, Daniel McCusker, Williaiii H. O'Neil, Alt'red J. Parsons, Williaiii W. Peters. Thomas E. Rose, Jam-s Stitliet-laiid, Hugh SterliiiGeoi-ge L. Slaysiiiaii, Alexander H. Sleiitz., Robert Spence, George 11. Sliaiiat'elt, II. King Sniith, Cliarles S. Scott, Williaiii E. Stocktoii, Jai-iies G. Illilliaitisoii, Frank B. Williai-ns, Cyriis B. Wliite. Comlpany K.-Recruited at Pittsburgh; iiiustered in April 25, 1861. Captain, Williani C. Dentiy; First Lieuteiiai-it, J;iiiies 11. Childs-, Secoiid Lieutenant, A. Sydney 31. Morgan; Sergeant-s, Beiijai-iiiii Bakewell, Cliarles IV. Cliapiiian, John 0. Phillips, Augusttis B. Bonaffon: Corporals, Weston Roan, George Miltenber-er, Jtilin S. Denniston. George P. Cortes; Musician,, Williain C. Jones, JoIiii Speer; Privates, Charles A. Atwell Benjamin C. Adaiiis, Tliomas Ai-iderson, fleiiry 1,. Aii(lerson, Henry H. Aildei-son, Ttieodore Bagaley, Andre%v P. Black, Jaiiies J. Brown, San-iuel E. Broivn, Jacob 31. CLiminings, Ji)hn Ct-utiiiiiie, George Chaliners, Jolin 1-1. Cain, James Creighton, Grant F. Cook, Alexantler F. Dalzoll, Illillia-i-a 1-T. Dyer, George Dilworth, Janies Dicksori, Jaines P. Fleiiiiiig, George S. Fiitz, James Gi-ace, Alexander Gr,,.ty, David R. Herron, Jifflan 11. I-lu-hey, Patrick Hurley, I-lenry W. Husk, David Holliday, George Haiina, Williani ffir-lin, Joiiii Irwin, Davi(i Johns, George W.Jones, George Kin(rsl-tnd, Edward Kelly, Janies B. Kiddor), John Lefevre, Willi(iiii Logan, Robert G. 3lowry, Angu-4us J. 3loots, William D. 31adiria, David Mackey, Jolin 31allow, Joseph Morland, Alexander 3icKie, Walter S. McClintock, Alexander McManus, Ileiiry Oliver, Jr., Fi-iiiili H. Parke, Robert A. Robinson, William H. Sinclair, Robert Stanfbrd; Cliarles Sprung, Williaiii H. Speei-, Williaiii Scott, Robert Temple, Heiiry Vau-ht, Isaac P. Whitesides, Alexander Walker, Alfred Weisel, Saiiiuel B. 31. Yuuiig. THIRTEENTH REG131ENT. Coloriel, Tiiomas A. Rowley; Adjutant, Joseph 31. Kinkea(l. Coijqmny A.-Recruited at Pittsburgh; mustered in April 25, 1861. Capfain, David B. 3forris; First Lieuteii(int, Hei-oii 1oster; Second Lietitenant, Williain 3tellwitii); Se-r-eants, Zenas Fi.4i, Isaac Brown, Alward Forster, IV'illiitm H. Crannier; Corporals, Saiiitiel Brozine, Jr.,John H. Elli,itt, Thotuas S. Perkins, George 1,Nr lieifer; -Musicians, Josepli MeLatighliii, Jolin Andrews; Privates, Jolin B. Adiiiigton, William P. Allison, John Ald zrsoii, Joliii Berry, Peter P. Baer, Marcus Baxker, John A. Brown, Williain Bird, St. Chdr Cooper, Daiiie.] C03'lc, Henry Colebaugli, 31aiirice L. Curry, Alf'red 13. Davitt, James D. Putican, Charles G. Edstrom, Williaiii Easton, Tlion-ias Fox, Josepli L. Gaches, David W. Gross, Henry Gleaii, NVilliani. G. G- eeilam.alt, Williani. Hanna, Fi-anli I-lart, Aupist Hirth, James 31. Hoon, Rii(tolpli Hunezeker, Willinin T. Hunezeker, Beiijaiiiiii F. Kiiig, Robert Kyle, NVilliam G. L,,tng, John B. Loot, Thornas S. Liiiii, Siiiieoii R. Looiiiis, Andrew 31()r1and, William L. 31artin, Saniuel B. INlillei-, Troyillo May, Frank A. Myers, Benjaiiiiii F. 3 I"incent McKenn,a, George O'Mayla, lleiii-y Peteriiiaii, Is-tac Priiiter, Thoinas Perry, Rol.)eit A. Paul, John B. Rutli, David Roberts, Johii Shaw, John B. Sarber, Aii-iistus Steinmeyer, Robert Sliiver, Albert Stright, Geor-o F. Tlioii-ipsoii, Saiiiiiel Truby, William F. Ttiriier, 31elchor Vei-nei-, Tlio oas, Vogely, Thomas WUo:ls, George. Woods, Henry 0. Wefliig, John S. Young. Canq)ang B.-Recriiited at Biriiiiiigham; musterecl in April 25, 1861. Captain', John W. Patterson; First Lieutenant, Willian-i F. 1NIcKee; Secoiid Lieiiten(int, Shepley.11. flolnies; Sergeants, Joseph Ilisliop, Jr., James McDonald, illartin Sliafer, Abner M. Bedell; Corporals, Williaii-i Hammitt, John Mathers, Joseph Banks, Augustus I-leisey; Alusician, Albert Flowers; Privates, jolin P. Bancroft, Peter Baldis, James Banker(l,Jr., willi(iiii 1-1. Banks, Frank Berry, Josepli Blocliingei-, Reinhar(I BlockiDger, Peter Bi-iii(ile, Jr., Williani. S. 13rown, Ileiii-y Bonshire, 1-laniilton Btirt, Geoi-ge NNI. Caldwell,John H. Castidiller. Joeph Cole,,JaniesConway, Abedneo-o Davis, George W. Duff, Jolin Evans, Evan Fisher, Jacob Flory, Deitrielc Grantz, Milford Harris, Saintiel J. Howard, George W. Kane, Bernard liercliiier, Alfred lierr, INIelelloir Kim, Fre(lerick Knaba, Louis Lipp4, Jeroiiie J. 31elhorti, Heiiry J. TN'letz, Peter -Moody, Jaiiies W. Morgan, Thoziias J. Morgan, dam Moyen, Ezekiel Mtirdock, William F. McAllister, Tlioriias F. 1)'IcCoy, Jai-iies McIntire, Joseph Newmoyer, George Oi-tii, Robert S. Page, James D. Parsons, Jolin Pei-ff, Jame-s Redmond, Jacob Iticli, John L. Richards, William L. Roberts, Emanuel Rol-nig, Josepli Sliawhan, Jr., Hei-iry Shook, Heiiry Slocuni, Florient Snellsa-tier, Alexander Somerville, Peter Steniler, David Stewart, Reese J. Thomas, Joliii Tliiirsby, David Tarr, Geor-e Ungst, Tnomas L. Ungst, Joliii Urban, Daniel Alleneniore, Jolin Illoclile, Nicholas Youiig, Jr. 01 mpany C.-Recruited at Pittsburgh; mustere(i in April 2i), 1861. Captain, Joseph Broivn; First Lieiiten-ant, Charles W. LeNN-is; Secoiid Lieiiteiiarit, Alexander P. McKee; Sergeants, Arthur Lenion, Lewis H. Mayer, Jolin K. Wightman, Lewis Aurbacker; Corpoi-als, Williaii-i J. F. Wiiite, Tliotiias I. BlaclKmore, Howard Kerr, Robert Waterson; Musicians, James H. Quartz, Jolin B. Coi-dell; Pi-ivates, John 1-1. Biirliaiii, NN'illi;tm. H. Barker, Le,%N,is F. BroNvn, Heni-y H. Bi-own, Jolin Briclentlial, William IV. Bassore, David L. Crawford, Isaac B. Curry, Charles Carothers, Joseph Craiiiers, Alexaiider P. Callow, William G. Cari-oll, John J. Silveida, Charles Dysert, NVilliaiii P. Dripps, Joliii Davis, Janies DavidRon, Jacob A. Elinian, INIatthew Eichstein,James A. Ekin, Alexander Forsythe, Henry B. Floniiilien, Edward Grant, Francis Grant, Jolii-i Gawley, Ferdinand H. Gr()s-, William 31. Hartzell, Charles Heiishall, Robert Johnstoii, William I. Iiane, James Kane, George Karraclier, Jai-iies A. Loivrie, AVilliaiii S. Iffilliiiger, Cliarles H. Iffiersch, I-Ienry Matting, Frederick Hatting, Maxwell K. _T)Iorhettd, JohnA. 31egown, Wortlliiigton W. Alyers, Silas 1. INIeGiniiis, Mortle lAcChire, AVilliaill B. Negley, Gustavus Potz, Jolin Peebles, Willi am J. Rolib, Janies Itobinson, Robert Rollitigs, Piiilip Struble, Charles P. Shiiii, Alexander Al. Speer, Jaiiies 11. Siiodgi-ass, Leopold Sahl, Jr., Harry 1-1. Tillolson, Itobei-t H. Tiiicile, Tlieodoi-e H. Tliodeii, Edward Ttirnei-, Michlel Tobin, Josepli Tlionias, Cliarles C. Taylor, Abraham V, ari Vooi-Iiis, William Williams, Jr., William Williaiiis, Pati-ick Williiinis, Jolin C. Wilsoii, Oregoii Wilson, Saniuel J. Walker, Sainuel Wallier, Jr., Chai-les Zeiger. Conilmny D.-Recruited at Pittsbtirgli; iiiiistered iti April 25, 1861. Captain, William'Mays; First LieuJenant, Luke Looiiiis', Jr.; Secoiicl Lieutenant,, Albei-t Fitlitiestocli; Sergeants, Ttiomas 31axwell, Janies Patchell, Ft-aticis DeMay, William Graiit; Corporals, Alexatider Wilsoii, David Scatain, Josepli Bartel, I-lenry.3loi-ilitli; Musicians, Jaines 11.1'ance, Robert C. Alexander; Privates, Williani Ai-iderson, Jr., Matthew Boyce, Patrick Brady, Charles H. Couglier, Edward, Cleary, Richard H. Cochran, George A. Coinfort. Thomas Diirfe,.John B. Devaux, I-leiiry G. Drenning, John De Zelley, Jitu-ies T. England, Jolin Evans, Williztiii Elliott, Fi-aticis S. Faulkiier, Charles M. Ftirii-ian, Geor-P P. Freenian, Saninel P. Foreman, Edward P. Griffitli, Lawrence P. Heitimerle, Bernard Higgins, Johii H. Heenan, Jolin T. Hitrt, Reese Jones, Joshua Kftye, Augiisttis 31yers, Cyt-iis illoltz, Htigh Macliey, Henry _31iller, Johi-i A. Morange, Thomas.Aladdox, William J. Murdock, Thomas McClelland, William 3.1cLane, San-iuel iNicKibbeii, Jaines J. Neely, Williaiyi J. Orr, Andrew Iloll, Jani(-s E. Parker, Janies Pattei-soti, Hugli Paisly, IA'illiain J. Peters, Socrates Retio, Alexander R-LI-an, Coluin-.bus llodeiiiore, Peter B. Rosel)urg, Perry L. Reed, IVilliam D. Sniith, Jolin Sommerville, James Siiiith, Thorilas O.,- ii-lith, Lewis Seabold, Ltither J. Tlionipsoii, Tlion-iiLs Ttioitipsoti, Sarnuel J. Taylor, Jaines H. Taylor, George 1-1. Wickham, Heni-y Worthington, Johii Lewis Wise, Thomas S. Woods. Company E.-Recruited at Pittsburgh; mustered in April 2.5, 1861. Captain, William A. Cliarleton, First Lieutenant, Hamlet Towe Second. Lieutenant, It. Bruce Young-, Sergeaiits, William L. Loyd, William B. Joiies, LeNvi-4 1-1. Coelirat), Joliii J. Hersh; Corporals, Chailes L. T. Dabney, William Perry, Aillust Is CO(hr tn, Johii Drtim; -tlltisiciktns, Abilei, Adams, S;iniuel At-nior; Privates, Cliartes Alberger, Jacob Attiey, William AiidreNN's, George Btitler, William J. Black, Stephen Bennett, Henry Burk, Beter Baldaugh, Shepley H. Boston, Christopher Brosey, Williaiii Barnett, Joliti L.' Btist, George AV. Coiinei-, Daiiiel Ci-iclei-, Cal Chamberlain, Joliii Crookhoi-n, Wtlliiii-n Crider, Cli(trtes W. Carson,.Bernard Coyle, Jolin Oanipbell, Joseph Cooper, Saintiel Carey, Heiii-y S. Dixon, David M. Eastoti, Alonza Eai-ly, Patrick Ferris, Jolin Gesey, William Green, Berliard Givens, Edvard W. Herleman, Williaii-i Hagan, Janies Harsha, Williati-i I-litcliins, Peter I-Icifel-, Jolin JoNvell, Beii.amin F. Iiiiiiberly, I-leiiry Kaner,. Speiicer Iiitig, Joliii Lee, Charles Lyle, Daiiiel Alangan, Jolin P. J LNIangan, Fiteli Merithew, John 1NIontgoinery, Janies McClelland, Joliii Mclim, Xavier Mille'r, Cluarles P['att, David Price, Joliii F. Peecloti, Stinuel Ryan, Alexander Shaffer, Ambrose Sarrick, James Sii-iitli, Clemeiis.S-nce, Joliii Spicy, Cliat,les Slayn-laker, Lymaii Siiiith, Clit-istiaii Seybold, Jaiiies Vance, D,.-tiiiel S. Ward, Cliarles Will4ims, Thon-ias Wil -n-iot, Cliat-les L. Wood, Jolin Young. Company P.-Recruited at Pittsbui-gh; niiistered in April 25, IS61. Captain, Jolin D. McFarland; First Lieutenaiit, James H. Colen-ian; Second Lieutenatit, George W. BoNvers; Sergeants, Jolin C. Marrow, Saiiiuel H. Hay, George Perkins, Williaii-i W. Adlington; Corporals, William A. Hoak, John W.Dunlap, Janies Liltrin-ier, Adaii-i Weaver; 3lusiciatis, Johii Kessler, Jaines S. Black; Pi-ivittes, Jolin A., Anderson, Edward L. Brown, Michael Bretinan, Wa-lliingtoii Beck,, Thomas W. Boggs, Williain 1-1. Byers, Daniel Bryson, James A. Bowen, Geor-e Booth, Linwood Breckinridgre, John Coii(loii, William Craig, George A. Ciiiiiiiiinq, Willi'am S. Day, Allen C. Day, Joliti Dundeii, Cliat-les Doerstein, Jaines Donthel.,Jaines Ftil'tori, John Fitzp iti-icli., Betijaiiiiii F. Frazey, PIliliD H. Foi-tt, Jaiiies D. Forre-ter, Janies Graham, Thomas Gt,aham, Robert L. Griffin, Allen Hagan, Lewis Hayes'John D. Hughes, Gtor 1-1 I-litiidberr, Charles 1-lottinger, Heiii-y Ileiser, Geot,ge I I - y,C. Hoffnian, James C. Ilunt, Pei-ry Jolinston, W.1liam P. Krousser, Heni-y King, Robert Keniledy, Andrew Kaynes, George Leyburn, Jacob Landers, Horace 31. Lord, Williaii-i Lingham, Josepb Martin, Geor-e F. I!, 11 Morgan, Jaities Naguire, George BIcKiii-ht, Fi-anli: McCoi-d, Thomas MeCloury, Goor-o Pittman, David-J. Z, n Z, -Perkins, Reyiiol(Is Pityne, Joliii R. Piper, Goot-ge Reddick, Peter W. Reecl, Jolin Reese, William Richards,'Joseph Schiieli, Cliarles W. SilIK, Joseph H. Silk, George W. Silk, Williaiii Sliowden, Jaines D. Yanhurn, Win. A. Vaiihorii. Coiiij)(tity T-Recruited at Pittsburgh; mustered in April 24,1861. Captain, William G. Gallagher; First Lieutenant,James McGregor; S-cond Lieutenant, Thoinas A. I-linton; Sergeants, George E. Leach, Dalliel -Burkely, George W. GrtiLib. Janies Admns; Corpo-,ds, James Carn, B'011-lan Rayai,c], Cliarles P. Dills, John Tlioiiizts; Musicians, Williai-ii O'Brian, Jaines Hu-h.4; Pi-iv;ttes, LaNvrence Atlc-itis, W. fl. Burns, Sabinus Bi-i--,,-s, JoIin Bovle, Roswell It. Beech, Janies Biti-li, Jacob Bletz, Jacol) Balier, Matthew Carn, Geoi-ge W. Conrad, Jaiiies Caldwell, Jolin Citiiipbell, Joseph Clark, Grass Clirist, Thonias D. Dav:s, Jaiiies Deati, HISTORY'OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIAlatter had always been prompt, with men and means whenever called upon, and it is an unpleasant fact that, while New York furnished five companies, Virginia two, and Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina each one company for this most important expedition, it does not appear that Pennsylvania furnished a single company, though it is probable there were more or less nlen from the province, under the general name of Provincial Troops. Under the able management of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, efficiently assisted by Colonel Sir John St. Clair, the Province of Pennsylvania finally furnished one hundred and fifty wagons and two thousand horses, and Braddock bears honorable testimony to the great services of Dr. Franklin. The Indians who had at first gathered to Braddock's camp rapidly melted away, on account of the manner in which the general received tbem. Braddock was trained in the most aristocratic military corps in England,-the Coldstream Guards and be could not believe that anything, short of the severe drill and discipline of the regular troops of Europe were of any value in war; hence, he not only despised the Indians, but held the Colonial troops, and especially the Rangers, in great contempt. Under this state of affairs the Indians soon left him, and when the army left Fort Cumberland only eight of them, with Monacatootha,* remained. It is stated by Lossing,, that Captain Jack, or Susquehanna Jack, or, as he was sometimes called, "the Wild Hunter of the Juniata," came into camp,with a company of his companions, and offered to furnish scouts, but Braddock treated them with such indifference that they immediately left the camp in disgust. Had he accepted their offer, the slaughter on the Monongahela would have been avoided,and the campaign conducted to a successful isssue. Ignorance, false pride, and stubbornness cost Braddock his life, the destruction of his army and all the terrible consequences to an exposed frontier which followed the most disastrous defeat the British arms ever experienced on the American continent up to that time. The army left Alexandria on the 20th of April, and was twenty-seven days reaching Will's Creek (Fort Cumberland). Here it was detained three days, waiting for supplies and transportation. On the 6th of June, they heard that a reinforcement of three hundred French troops had passed Oswego on their way to Fort Duquesne, and that another detachment was soon to follow. On the 30th of May six hundred men were sent forward, under Sir John St. Clair and Major Chapman, to open the road and carry provisions to the Little Meadows. On the 7th of June Sir Peter Halket followed with his regiment, and on the 8th, Lieutenant-Colonel Burton with the independent companies, and Colonel Dunbar with the rear brigade on the 10th. The same day, after the last company was on the march the general set out with his staff and body-guard The march was tedious and slow. The pathway followed by Washington the preceding year had to be enlarged and improved, and the advance was ten days in reaching the Little Meadows, having to pass on the way the Great Savage Mountain and the gloomy pine forest known as " the Shades of Death." The hospital stores and invalids were left at Fort Cumberland, under command of Colonel Innes. A council of officers was called at the Little Meadows, and Washington strongly urged the general to push forward with a strong force in light marching order, with a couple of batteries, to surprise and capture the fort before reinforcements could reach it. These suggestions pleased Braddock, and, accordinly, stripping down to fighting trim a strong picked force of twelve hundred men, with eight guns, he prepared for a rapid march. On.the 18th of June a large body of pioneers went forward to prepare the road, and on the 19th the commander-in-chief followed with the first division, while the second division, with the heavy baggage, provisions, stores, and the remainder of the artillery, were to follow more leisurely. On the 23d, Washington, who had been suffering with premonitory symptoms of fever, was relieved from duty by the general. Braddock gave him a package of " James's powders," and, assuring him of speedy convalescence, left him in the rear and pushed on. Washington reached the Youghiogany, where he became so weak that Dr. Craik insisted that he should go no farther until his fever aabated. Here he remained until Dunbar's division came up, when he again started forward and reached the Great Meadows, where a halt was made for several days. On the 3d of July he set out in a covered wagon, accompanied by Dr. Craik, with an escort of one hundred men. He declared " he would not miss joining, the army before its arrival at Fort Duquesne for five hundred pounds." Washington joined the general on the 8th, at the mouth of the Youghiogany. On the morning of the 9th a camp was discovered, apparently just abandoned by about two hundred of the enemy, and the trees were found covered with bravadoes and scurrilous taunts. The spies and advanced parties of the enemy became every day more daring, and several sentinels and soldiers had been pounced upon suddenly, killed, and HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 29 their scalps found nailed to trees. The chief, Monaccatootha, and his son were captured. The son escaped, and the chief was found tied to a tree soon after. On the 4th two Indians went forward to reconnoitre, and the same day Gist was also sent forward to learn what he could of the enemy's condition and movements. After an absence of two days the Indians came back, bringing the scalp of a French officer, whom they declared they had killed while he was shooting within half a mile of his quarters. They reported they had seen very few of the enemy, and no additional fortifications. Mr. Gist returned the same day, and reported substantially the same information. He had seen a smoke in the valley, and while trying to get a nearer view of the fort, had been discovered, pursued, and in great danger of being captured. On the 6th, several men, loitering, in the rear, were shot down and scalped. They were so near that the general heard the sound of the rifles, and sent back a company of grenadiers to see what had happened. A few friendly Indians were encountered, and though they made the proper signals, holding up boughs and grounding arms, they were fired upon in the excitement of the moment, and a son of Monacatootha killed. The body of the young chief was buried, by order of the general, with military honors, the officers attending the funeral in a body. On the evening of the 8th the army encamped at the junction of the Monongahela and Youghiogany, near Queen Aliquippa's village. Here, as has been stated, Washington rejoined the army. The officers and men generally were in good spirits, and anticipating an easy victory over the enemy. Sir Peter Halket and Secretary Shirley, however, were said to have evinced doubts on the subject, and, according, to one writer, the old Scotch nobleman had a presentiment of his approaching death. Sir John St. Clair favored an attempt upon the fort during the succeeding night, but the idea did not meet with favor. Between the mouth of the Youghiogany and Turtle Creek a high and precipitous hill overhangs the Monongahela, and it was deemed advisable to cross the latter stream and march along its western bank to a ford at Turtle Creek, and then recross to the right bank. The Monongahela ordinarily would be too deep for fording, but there had been an excessive drought since the beginning of April, and the streams were extremely low, and the Monongahela easily fordable at the two points mentioned. We find in an account of the proceedings of a synod of the Presbyterian church, under date of May 31, 1755, that a day of solemn fasting and prayer, on account of the drought, had been appointed for June 12. "Early on the morning of the 9th, Lieutenant-Colonel Gage marched with two companies of grenadiers, two of light infantry, and Captain Gates's independent company, amounting in all to three hundred and fifty men, with directions to halt beyond the second ford, which they were to cover until it should be passed by the main body. At four o'clock he was followed by Sir John St. Clair, with a working party of two hundred and fifty men, to prepare the roads for the artillery and trains; and at eight the general, with his aids, Orme, Morris, and Washington,-the latter so ill that he could scarcely keep the saddle,-set out with the remainder of the army, which, on gaining the west side of the river, formed in proper marching order." The morning was beautiful, and the troops, notwithstanding their long and wearisome march and scanty supplies, wer e in excellent spirits. They were exulting in the prospect of speedily putting the enemy to flight, and occupying,perhaps that very day, the strong fortress at the head of the Ohio. Moving by the flank along the picturesque and winding road, with the broad Monongahela glistening on their right, and the dense, forest-crowned hills overshadowing their left, they were a charming sight, and Washington was wont to say, in later years, that they presented the most beautiful spectacle he had ever beheld. "By heaven! It was a splendid sight to see, To him who had no friend, no brother there; Their rival scarfs of mixed embroidery, Their various arms that glittered in the air. What gallant war-hounds roused them from their lair, And gnashed their fangs, loud yelling for the prey: All join the chase, but few the triumph share; The grave shall bear the chiefest prize away, And havoc scarce for joy can number their array." The main body had marched about a mile down the west bank of the river when the general received from Colonel Gage notice that he had recrossed to the right bank without molestation, and posted his command as directed. The main body soon after reached the second ford, but as the opposite bank required considerable labor to prepare it for the artillery and baggage wagons, the army balted for an hour, posted pickets on the heights to the left, and, probably, took their dinners. * Lossing. t Lossing. t McKnight. # LossingSarnuel H. McClinton, John McDowell, Willi,1111 INlaxwell, James A. 3leadwell, John McLaughlin, Abraham Me-illictiael, Peter McGee, Moses Mclilielv-tel, Willian-i Penn, Gf-orge Penn, Frank Rib(tn, Joseph Riban, -joill, C; Rees, James Steveiison, John Stroupe, George A. Siiiitli, William. H. Speer, Edinund Sotith, Harvey Stiyder, Cotiritd Shaffer,* lienry Struble,* Rarl(lolpli Spepr,* J-)hn Strathern,* Peter Smith,* James Tlioiiipsoti, Geoi-ge Werliii-, Jaeob Welsh, Johii A. Watson,* Jolin W. Zull.* 0,-)))q),.tng E.-Recruited in All(,gheny C,)unty. Captains, Jolin W. Duncan, E. P. Slioenlierger, William Bt-onlis; First Lieutenaiits, Jolin Tagg, Wiii. R. Coch-ane; S(wond Lieutfnant, Jolin Steel; Serg,-ant4, Or%vili Cadwalader, James T. Tompkins, Ji)hn Powell, Martin Higlilaiids, Edward Crawford, Jolin Sweeney; C,)rj)ora1s, John Marmie,* Benjamin Tracy,:- Pliiiij) M. Kline, John Cochrane,* Peter Fitzsiniiiioiis," Jitmes A. Gi-ay, Albert Esters,* Rudolph Evans, Perry Madara, D;ivid G. Adams; Musician, Jolin H. Hawl; Privates, Jaiiif,s Alliqoi), Peter Atkinson. Ditiiiel Byen-,, Janie-; Bi-owii, Elijah Bat-ker, Siinon Brad.y, Charles Bothwell, Eplira,'m Bi-own, Johii Barmtith. John Bailoy,* Ge,()rge W. Brooks,* Jolin Creight(,n,* Mich:iel Dielipi-lioff, Poter Drtitii, Thonias H. Davis, Jolin Denning,, Edward Evars,* Morris Fintiesey, Willi:tni Grinilal, Frityicis Gi-aliaiii, Joliii Gii-ty, Jitm(is -Gibbins, A-ugustus Iloffii-laii, Henry H;tll, Lawrence Hand,* Williaiii Harker,-, Francis Higgins, Charles H. Hessom, Turbett Keini, Michael Kelly,* Patrick KerDftll,* -John Kinierly,::JoIiti Kelly, Thouias Lewis, Mm-li Leslie,"' W-llitni Le Grand, Patriclr, J. Mulvey, Cl-iarles Mo.s.'-: Janws Moore,* Janies Madara,* Ed. McClusliey,* Joseph Neely, B. Nickle,* Williatti H. Oldham,* Zaeli. Plieasant, Tlionias Parliet-, Johri Piper, Conrad Reising, Wil'jiam Reese, Tolin Robins,Ti,* Jolitt M. Rieliards Chai'les H. Siniinoiis. Johii Scott, William Stonei-, Janies Sliaw, Janies Spencer, George C. St;tiil)s,* Tlloi-nas, Shintmi. John Tlioiiipsoii, Geor-e Taylor, Joiiii Wo.- Iiiuan, Joliii Witguiier, ll'ill'iaiii Winlileiiiaii, Charles Warner, Charles W. Zook. THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIiIENT-NINTII RESERVES. Company -A.-Recrulted at Pittsimi-1-1i. Capt-ains, L. W. Sii-lith, Charles V. Ow,4ton; First Uentenantq, E. It.. Darlim-Jon,* Jinies P. Beatt'le,--l' Reiibeii 31. Long,* I,4aac 1. Sowers; See.)nd Lieutenants, Hartl.3, fli)"ard, C. F. Hinman; Sergeants, Ar-l-iiir Stew;irt Sainuel A. Millei-, Myrt K. S:i1sbury, Jet-ry Copelan(l, David Lloyd, William A. Rjbins,)n, A McKinnev Crai-,* E. P. D-Irlington," John J. Sanipie; Cot-poritls, Williani S. McElt-oy, Alexander A. Murdocl, W,Iliani T. N. Wallace, Henry Whightnian, Joseph Croft, Smitil Reissin,,.er, Heiii-y W. Sti-ickler, Benjandn B. Kerr, Levi B. Duff, Jirnes Collai-ii, Ed. D. Dithi-icige, Geor-e J. Hazlett, A. P. H)rAon, J. _MoD. Smith,,` JoIiti S. Copsley,*- Geor-e W. Varner; Privates. Williain Allen,* Joseph F. Bntclliaw, William K. BAley, George R. Beal, Peter H. Beceii, Sanitiel B. Black, Jolin Bockett, H. N. B dcer, Thonias Bell, -Jacob D. Becker, Thonits D. Btissing, Will iam J. Ci-isswell, Daniel R. Corbus, Thomas Ca,iiphell, Good. Y. C. Cliess, Thonias P. Coffey, George H. Creighton Frc-derick R. Cout-sin, Janies T. Clialfi-tnt,.J. E. Connin-harn, William 31. Croft, CII;LrIC-,9 C. Cockerill, 11. H. Cliainberlain,: Beiijaniiii Darlington, rZie,hard C. Dale, George W. De in, Davi-I Drane, Joliti Daniels,* William K. Fei-ree, Edward A. Freathy. J)Ii It J. Ft-egoogel, William E. Forest,': Reese E. Fleeson, AV, iiii(tiii A. Glass, Asa F. Gillespie, Thoina-; Heilry, Pittrick Hines, John P. 11,,imilf(m, E(lward J. Hosses,* kinley D. It-witi, Cliarles IT. Irvin, Michael F. Jones, Cha le-, Jolin-ton, J. Wallace Knox, William B. Kirby, Geoi-ge W. King, F. J. Kolbeelier, Williaiii C. Lee, James 31. Larinier, Tliomas iNI. Lenfesty, Jolin E. Littl(-, J. N. Lauth, Tlion-las B. Linn,:% Andi-ew Loback, Ge,)r-e W. Iann, James H. McCniie, James C. ileDoiiald, Hetiry Tdilton. NN'illiam Td. INIcHnight, David A.'McKni-ht, Doughts Morrow, 11. A. McCanimon, JoIin Morl'ison,'.` Wiliiaiii McClurg,': James illc-Elary,,% Samuel Morrison, John A. Ro.-s, George W. R-ed, Georgo F. Rohinson, Thoiiias C. Rlioacls, John S. RAdle, jitines TH. R)clgors, John C. Raiston, Jaities Reed, G(,orge W. Rmlgers,* Johii E. Spalding, Jacob Steneniag)el, Hmni F. Scott, Fred. 1). Seclor, Hiigit K. Sniitli, Williim A. Scan(lerett, William W. Sjiiith, Charles Scott, Alexan(lei- B. Smith,* Flavius J. Stoiiei-, Elialiiin Tort-ence, T. D. Thompsoii, Charles C. Townsend, E(Iward A. Taylor, illoses R. Taggart, Lewis E. Tomer, Albert J. Wliite, Robert Wliitiiian, Williani P. WhAe, Jolin C. NV stlake," George Zilzinan. clwapany B.-Recruite(l at Pittsburgh. Cipt-,dns, F. liardtmeyer, Einil Von Sothen, Henry Fuliren; Fi-st Lieiitetiants, John Longbe:n,* Cliitrl(ls Boclcei; Secoiid Lietiteiiant, Lewis Bi-eclit; Sergeants, Augilst Harenian E. Von Scliend(-I, Ulmries Ulrich,John Etigel, Eflas Beelier, Pliilip P;tstre, Fbirian Epple; Corporals, Alfred Kridel, Frederiek Ftichse,* Clitrles Langst641,t" F,-edurick Tro.4t, Gottliet) Brinknian, E(1w;trd Fisliei, 31usician,,, Jolin Gernet, Christ. Helml ingr, Joliii Jacol); Privatei, Jt)hn M. AppA, George Affler, Joill) Ban(.1i, Rieliarci Boeing, A. Br,)cksclimidt, Gf-org(, Behringor, Christ. Breitlanch, Ei-iiest B-tunian, Cli-ist an Brudi,*Fideli Batruel, Petor Blei(it, Matthias Danner,':Charles Dietz,Jacob Elseser,Daniel Elfferim_,, Gew-ge Eiffler. Adam Fischer, Jolin Fischer, Georgo Frasch, Ncob Foeller, TI'lichael Gar(hier,* John Geck, C. Geseens, Fraticis Hartman, Andrew Hoell, Johii Hoerr, Ciii-istian ffassler,-4 John Kleinn-leyei-, Jacoh Kiiiiiz, David Kiesel, IVIartin Kaiiffley, Christian Kiniple, Nicholas liolilniait, Williani Kohl, Aticii-o-w Koll,* Ciii-isti(in Erois John Little, Joiiii Lercli,* Peter Lin,, F. Maehalew-ly, Edward Miller, Adolph Manser,:" Lewis Marsch.ttl,* 11. Morgaw-tein,:"Allgllst 1)IIId(,r_JaCob Naw, IVNillinii Onimerle, Ifenry Peoples, George Roab, August Rigger, Andrew RoInchr, C. Rieniensehneider,* Charles Roettelier, Hei-iry Sand, Wiiliim Sanner, Franeis Schawer, Froclei-icli Se-oal, llliilip Scliiiiillt, LeNvis Schreiner. Joh,i Selini'dt, Aiidt-ow Von Sen, Pan] Siobal], Frederick Solonion, Coiiracl Scli,fer,*- A. Scliuniaclior,-': Peter Trost,* Joseph Winz(r, Peter Weks, 11(nry Wtlbruch, C. R. Welersli-ausen, A(lolph k%_essel, Geoi-ge Werner, Joliii P. Worlinian, Joliti IVoIf, Joliii W ber, Engelbert, Zthringer. 0,nnpany C.-Recruited at Pittsbtii-gli. Captains, James T. Shannon,* Robert Taggart; First Lieuteivints, George Pierce, Levi B. Richird; S;cowl Lieutenants, J. F. Kirkpatrick, Henry Lehiner; Sergeants, Williain L. Pettitt, 1.1erit-y S. Stotlei-, John S. Hiinter, Robert Mehaffey,,'- Jol-iii S. Snivelv, Williain G. Fry, Galbraith 31ahaffey, Samuel Eiigland; Corporals Thoimas C. fliiiiter, Jo;;eph G. Beale, aniiiel Sloan, J(,sepli L. McQuaide,:;` Willi(till J. Joseph Snively,* Eniannel S. Alter, Thomas Gardner, Robert EiiNNrei-, Adani S. Br!,(,-lit, Peter Wallier, Labanna F. L)ort-wr; Musicians, Hugh Kirl%voo(l, Israel S. Portser; Privates, ICIias Aclitm, J. C. An(le-son, E. St. J. Agnew, Samiiel Boreland, Pliii ip Brady, Lewis Be-gs, Joll ri B-ii-i-e-tt, George Barker, McG. Gpor,,),e Brown, William H. Cooper, Jacob F. Coover. Henry P. Cook, Robei-t B. Crawford, Thomas COUller, F. S. Chambers, Charles W. Co,)k, Joliii S. Cox, D. R. Carson,* Alvii-i 31. De,)-:1ririo, At-cliy Doiigliet-ty, Jamion C. Diiiin, Tiioiiias C. Dunn, R. J. Dout-dierty,:1% Jo;zeph C. Diinn, Abram A. Evans, Williaiii Ertie.,t, flen-y Fogde, Janies Faux. Hu-Ii Fca ser,;' Willi(ii-Ti B. Hart, Enocli P. Holland, Alexander IN[os--s B. Henry,* J(din S. J aies, NN'illiani Johnston, F. D. Karfle,4, Jr.,* S. D. K,1rlies, Jr., Cas,,ius Luca:,, Willi!ini 11. Lehni -r, Ahram Layton, Androw Al. Leiiimon, F. J. Lowtn,*'John 1). 310411ai(le, Jolili R.INICKee"s;unuel INI,)ore, Jolin T7N1cL,,wo1t1in, Janies McCliiitocl, Ow-n McUivighlin, Thorn-is, G.?AcQuaicle, Williani H. Morgan, Elij;th S. 1AIcU'lain, Joliti AleElf'resli, Alfi-d AIc(_1'1ure,,* Janies, TdcGee,-,`: Cli-ti-les Maux,',- Samuel Orr, Joll"Itliall Ryan, 11". 31. Kohinson, Henry Rutter, Gforge H. Reed, Joliii S. Thonris Sp(,nco, William Shiehl-, Sainnet Stexvart, C. 11. Sii-iitli, Jtnies W. Sloan, Alexander Se()tt,:!: Thomas Sitiitli, A. SNv;trtz1and-r,* IVilliitiii E. Tlloiiipsoill J. K. Tlionipst)n,* Jeremiah Verner, Allill!ain WAIor, S. 1-1. \V;dlace, Peter W lliinson, Poter Williinis, Grifton Wells, Augustus Weber. 0)mI)any D.-Recruited at Ilittsbtirgli. 0iptAns, Robert G;ihviy, Jolizi K. B:irbour,JaInes B. Lilulwick; Seeotict Lietiteiiant, Oliver S. Mellwain, WIYI. N. For_):Py; Sfrgoants' Leopold HeInistetter, Aiigiist Snietz, Janies H. G Ilk, Jam-s N. Hclees, Johii 11. Michli iig," IVni. A. Young,,- Jolin Trautman,* Joliii D. Taylor," Jollii Shane, P'nincis B. Pearsol, JoIiii E. Y`i)un,_-,W. H. Sears; Corp()rals, Joliii W. Shuster, Aiitli-ew J. Holli,,* Beiij. 11. C'-)nner,Wi1lian-i T. Fol,,-y NVilliaiii Gil lis, Fre(lerick B. Lfwi,, John -N ghtengale, Neal -McLafferty; 31usici-ins, William Nol(lei-, Wihiani 1-1. Baslough; Robert Alleti, AN'illian-i Aiinlcg, Samtiel Adanis,-- Jolill llishol), Joli-i Wown, Peter lllooldnoer Th,,nias Cannon, Jac()b Ginoby, Joh.1 W. Cleilioilt, Peter Conipte, Jam-s Davidsoii, Sr., Janies Davi(lson, Jr., Samuel John L. Davidson, Jerenrah Davi(kon, James Donaldson, S iiioii Emler, JoIiii Farral" Ge,r?ge AN'. Fitiiele, Tlioni!ts T. Fitzpatricl, Herii-y Fidlenstein,* Frederick Gor,,leeli(,, Henry Ge-iilliei-, Richard Harvey, I-losea Hustead, E(I%vard Hodgson, -John T. Ileiioti, Fre(lericl. Jolmson, Robert Johnsti)n, Heiii-y Klemiii, Benjainin F. LoNvis, William Lyiiell, Joliti Lepp7g, Rohert B. Long, William Linds:q Janies Lynch, Michael McLaughlin, Strnuel Tdcliliclllel, Jolin MeLees, W,lliani Murph'v, Williain AteIN-in, Jushua _TNI-cTN'tistor, George, Moter, Aii-l'ust lNlillei-, Georgo MeDolial(], W. F. McCormick,* Thonils illiitidell, Hintra M-tr--h,* Wil inni. Obei-tliiir, Jereii-i'ali O'Leary,* C. E. Piittor), Joilli Maymon 1, Wi'lliiLill Reed,* J. Ro-ienbergor, Williaiii Shearer, Yal(ntino Stau(le, Alex. Schrecon-gost, Lo)navd Shai I13 Fraticis.11. Wei(itier, William Weaver, Eriiest Wessel, Williaiii C. AVilsoii, Jolin Weigel, Alb,rt Yeager.* Coinpany E.-R-cruite,(_1 in Alleglieriy Cotiiity. Captains, Charles Barnes, Willian-i H. Erwill; Fii-st Lieutonants, Wildani N. 11,j)(,, Janie- W. Abernethy; Secoticl lJoutenant,.1. S. Hollingshead; Sergeants, Thonias AN'eisli, George W. Boggs, Luiies Ft-eel, Cliarles B. Molishaur, Henry Balcer; Corporal,,, David Astoii, William H. Fisliei-, C'oluinhus Patteron, Peter F. Sii-iitli, NVillitm Uionipson. George Grover, Ralph Wliite, Samuel Basett;:'- Musician, Rohert S. Clarli; Privates, Josepti Altoii., Jo,,eph Astoii, George Ainsworth, Janies Anderson, Alexaiider Bo d, E-INvard Brogan, Wallier Burgi,esser, Williaiii P. Beatty, Henry A. Btli-ell, John Bltindoii, Ricliurd Btinti, W,11iitin Brubaker, Alexander Butler, Henry Beatty,* Tlion-ias B. Bond, Illilliam Camby, Jel-onie Cartnah-inl,* Jainles C7irnathan, llarris F. Cr'oxton, Datvid H. Ci-oxtoti, Thomas Caimlhy, Geoi-ge W. C lark Datniel D)otilglerty, J.tli-les W. D tvis, Hezel;iali Davis, Davi l D. Uix.is, Lulke Dillon, Fi-atieis I)ever,* Robsert EC. Da.vis,.Jac~)l I)avis, Jamies Enl-l and, Johii E,,lezson, Wi,lliam Englandc, Williaiii DEvanis, Jollln Foster, J)si.ah Fox.Jolhn Fuller, William Graham,ll Geoi-ge H. Glbiswow, Josezph Grounds, Samuel Ground(ls, Josep)h Hinldeo, Mlichatel H;alloren 1}ViIIiaiii Hulmpthries, Thonlla:s Hannah.t, Jolhn H(qliNog, James W. 11upghes, Thomlas D. Hopl;ins, Thoman(s E. Hiiglies, Jamtles A. Harvey,* Peter Hays,* Joliti Hopkirns,* David L. Jones, Abraham Jenlkins, William llliittle, Isatac Little,* Ebeii Alews, Wiley McDo)naldl, Georgre MIarlattt, John Morgaln, Thomas McCiille.ll, John BlcGut ty, Josep)h.1IcGinii, Thomal.s MIcClelland,' Jatmes L. Mlorris,:' Alfred( N-eeds, Thoina s INelsoti, Jatcob\ Neod(s, WVilliamn N(-sbit, Thomal(s L. Nort'is, Davidi Nelson -* P.Ltrick Pliillips, Jolhn Ralfter, John O Riley, Josephl H. Ruhliconl, Wrilliam L. Rtissell, Joliin Russell, Johiza R(,eed, Williaiii R. Rose, Johnll Richey, BITichlael Riley, lfugli Rocl-t-rs--,* Patrick Raftter,* Robxert Sliieldls, Samnuel Sliinofelt, iI. G. Shorthill, Jolii SwVeenley, Sila ti W. Stewvart, George Snycler, John Sexton, i- Joshuat Scott,: Johln Thomp)son. 8omlpranlx G.-R^crulited at Ilittsbur-gh. Cap)taiii, Johii B. Brookblankz;:First Lieutenants, Edwvard H1. Rulssell, Wvilliaml C. Hunter; Secoii(i Lieutenant, A.1exanlder --McCord;* Sergeants, Jatmes S. Reade, Isa1ac N. Ic3Ilatin, I)avid F. Blood, WVilli.ain C. Torre-nee, Aiidrew MIangan, William J. Diinn, Jolin F. Si-lai;h Corpwat'cl,- C1ta1 les fl. Cha ffee, Ma;tth,Nv A. Seattonl,.Joln F. Maflonle Joliti MceFat- rland, Williatn- L. Ai D-isti onlg,' G;eorge W;. Bol-Singtr, NVilliston Preston, J.tmes Wilsoii, Henlry LocAlabllr, WVilliam Altsina n; 31illsiciatn, Israel T. Sheffer; Pi-ivates, Williamll R. Anderson, Rob)ert Andorson, -John1 S. Bo0xven, Cliarles T. BSowenl, Henry 13. B-trnett, Le wis Bott, (yrti- Biirk, And. Bl icksmith, Jatllies P. Berry, i George Bizzell,* Jan-ies R. Clark, -31or tim er Copelallcd, Chll.arles Clieiiey, William W. Chanilbers,- Atidcllewv Crawford, Williaiii W. Chanrley, Tho)mas N. Dulall;p, Micha;el Deviney, William Derner, Henry Dll,l Ac.lain Eckiles, N. P. Fitzimmonls,*t Geor-ge W. Gift., Johi S. Hatll, David V. Hyde, -Michael Hugliey, Siniloii Horner, Henry Hymers, George I-owvelistille, Wyiltiainl E;iickett, W\illianil Jeffrey, Sai'nuel Jol-ltison, George R. Kitig, Rob)ert N. Kells, William H1. K I1g, Tilg liiiaii Laubach, Sainlluel Lewenthan, Saimuel Loy, --Matthewv LeNjTiS,* Salmuel Liglitiier, Fratncis NIcKViniiey, C:Ilristian Miller, Sarnul C. MIcGuire, Benjanmin F. McIENven, Thomas Mont,;onilery, Samtiel R. MceFee]ey, Jotln H. M1iller,:" William Nighltenlgert, WilliamlI N chlolsonl, Jailns Nicholson,* An-u tstuls A. Osgoocl, Adaii Or th,.J ohn S. Porte r,* Joliii Pe'rshlin-g, Jlosepli Persliiii-, Sanmliel R!chev, J()h n C. Roven, Th-omats Read, 9 Petec Roithlernmel* G;eorge R-goulr Chalrles H1. Rice,.Josephl C. Seaton, Willianm Sllltimierville, Jtnies XE. Shi(lle, Alfi ed I). Smnitli, Johili 1-I. Sprlagule, LFrankl 31. Smitli, O mnaii T. SicUKes, Geoi ge W. Sinmpso)n Heiiry Sciba, Jailles P, St(-veiis, Johnl Vickeroulgh, Charlles 1-1. Vail, George White, AVilliatm W.T Wilson, Johii G. WTiiiters, Geot-ge B3. W1ise, John Wheary, -Johln Z iigler.d'-- (Cont?pany1 I.-Recruitecl oit l'ittsb)urgh. Captalinls Williamtl Lyneli, Harltley Howacrd; Fii-st Lieultpnanlt, J. C. WValkiiishawv, Charles H. Siiyyder, t,dw-ard W. iLllock; Secoiid Lietitenants, Gustavus A. WVenke,* Heni-y A. Spi-att; Sergeants, Williftm Fasolt, James McClure, Charles B. Young, Charles Nicholas,* Edward 1VIilliken, W. H. H. Lynch, Charles Steever, Gari-ett Welsh; Corporals, Thonias Carnahan, Josepli Dougherty, Henry Stewart, Jacob H. Set-ena, John S. Koiintz, George Sugat-, Cliarles E. Taylor, Johii Tawney, Lewis SDyder, Oliver B. Mains, Hugh Colliiis, 1-fenry Hoiielcer; Pi-ivates, Jolin Arnold, William Arthui-, Robert Bean, Frederick Broiimaii, Tliomas Burt, John Baker, John Bittman, Jolin Bigley, Samiiel D. Baker,* Josliiia Bain,* Willian-i H. Crawford, Jacob Caiiipbell, Abraliam Casner, George W. Cole, William Cozen,* Janies Ferguson, Robert Gardner, James 11. Graliam, David P. Graham,* William flarritigton, John Hurrell, John Hewsliold, Israel G. Hickiiian, Tlioti-ias Hugerman,* H. Hencker, James Jenkins, Thomas Kirkwood, Albert Knubb, Jacol) Kunkle, George Leisure, E(Iward Lope, James Laverty, Johii Lynch,* Johii A. McCloskey, H. F. 3lcGlau-iiin, Danie-I Mei-riman, John S. Morgan, Fratik L. Morgan, Robert illelby, S. H. Milliken, John M. 31iller, Geor-e Milligan,* Williani Mahoiiey, Josepli Neal, Isaac Oyler, John Quigley, William Reiff, Andrew Robinsoii, Jolin Robitison, Robert Robinson, Jacob Reiff,* Robert Reed,* W. H. H. Robinson, Frederick J. Schoeller, George Soles, David Sexton, William Slieai-er, Geor-e Spangler, Jos(ph Sheppard, Jolin Shane, Geoi-ge Shearer, Sr., James Sned(len, AVilliam Siiiith,* Geor-e Shearer, Jr.,* Jolin Sclioeller,* Williani Trich, Robert W. Taylor, George W. Taylor, William Take, Williaiii Tawney, Jeiii-iings Tawney, William Travers, George, Uptou,*Janies Woods, Seth'"'. Wllitesell, Cliarles M. Woy, Joliii H. Webber, John Wicksman, Williaiii F. Youiig. Conqpany X-R-ecruited at Pittsburgh. Captains, H. S. Fleming, James W. Ballentine; First Lieuteiia-nts, Richard McDonough, Robert Taggart, James MeVielker; Second Lieiitc-nants, John Wills, Jolin S. Hunter; Sergeants, Geor-e W. Ballentine, William Gi-iibbs, Alexantler Robiiison, William Spragiie, Albert Hillstern; Corporals, W. C. Flanegan, F. W. Golmer, James K. McKain, Williaiii Mathews, Gottleib illasha, Alexa'ii(ler Haslett, Henry Browti, Rusli Td. Shaner; Privates, Joshwa Bailey, Joseph Bigham, Cliarles Brown," John Balmer, Philaiidet- Barton, Baxter Burkhart,* John Barnett,* Johii Bush,.Joseph Campbell, John Crawford, Josepli Caldwell, Alexander Caldwell, William Caoey, Robert Caitipbell, Robert Crawford, Jolin Chess, Johii Chevalier,* Jolin A. Chess,* Jacob Cochonaur,* Francis Dill, Johii Dontliitt, William S. Dickson, Josepli Dawsoii. James Elliott, Austin Ensigii, Wendolin Funk, Williain T. Foster, Francis Gammel, Wesley Gallentine, Saiiiiiel Greriet,* Josepli Gordon,* Jaiiies Hasiett, Georo-e Haslett, John Heckert, Thonias Hood, Roitian Hawk, Joseph Isracl, Jaiiies Jacksoii, 116es Joiies, Johii Kennedy, Sylvaiiiis L. Kurtz, Jolin Kuler, Aiitliony Kentiell, Albert Kennedy, Jolin Kingsland,* Ainbrose Lyneli, Jolin G. Lehmaii, Williaiii Lowan, William 31artin, Richai-d Mullen, Sanniel Marsh, Jolin 31artin, Caiiiei-oii Alori-is, Jost-ph McClellan, Edward McAree,* Charles Morris,"- Jacob C. Miillen,* Richard McCall,* Jacob Albert, Payne Pounds, Joseph Palmer, Andrew Poi-tpr, Williaiii Pouiids, Thomas Reed, Henry Reeciman, William Roselip,* Calvin Sprinkle, William Seaberry, John Stuckrath, Sylvester Swio-in, William Sloari, Lewis Siiigletoii, Joseph Sliaw, Andrew Shaw,* Philip Traiit,* Matthew Woods, Beltsliazei, Wilt, Micliael White, William Williams,* William Weeks, Philip Zeiits. FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT-FIRST CAVALRY. Coml)any K.-Recruited in Alleglienyand Wasliington Cotitities. Captains, William Boyce, Jos. H. WilFams; First Lieutenant, Wm. A. Kenned.y; Second Lieutenant, Saiiiiiel W. INIorgan; Sergeants, Wni. J. MeEweii, Johti T. Kennedy,* Arcli. B. Darragh, Delaware W. Boyce, Joliii A. L,,itfiner, Williani S. Foster, Joseph Wriglit, Jolin W. Gault,* Robei-t Boyce, Jolin W. Boyce, Jolin Patterson, Billingsby Morgan, Jacol) Hanila; Corporais, Josepli Boyce, ATidrew G. Happer, Samuel Morton, Tliomas Coiiner, John M. Boyce, Saiii-Liel F. Ralston, Josliiia Coniielly, Tliomas Westorman, Simuel It. Patten; Buglers, Sainuel Brown, John C. Keifer;* Privates, John A. Anderson,,farnes Beaumont, Thotitas D. Boyce,* Isaac N. Boyce, Robert Cain, Edward Curran, Charles A. Calighan, Abrahain Cox, Geoz-ge W. Coup,* Jacob Coup,* Williani F. Coiip, John Douglass, John iq. Duncan, Charles P. Dillis, Jolin Diniler, Jaines F. Dodd, Williarn li',wing, Jaiiies Ewhig,'- Hugli Flanagan, Joseph B. Fitterer, Josopli Featlier, William Gor(loii, John Herriott, NVilson Hert-ill, Sainiiel Hopper, Hamilton lilgrani, John Janiison,.Thomas JoDeS, Joseph M. Kennedy, Saiiiiiel Keifer, Richard Lesnett,* Jolin H. Morgan, Haniilton R. Alorrison, Johii L. McAllister, llattliew 31cCoombs, Jacob C. McDowell, John BlcDoiiald, Williaii-i McDonald, George McFeely, James M. G. 3lotick, Thomas McCoonibs, Jolin Meredith, Marsliall 1NIcBi-iiie, William McMurry, William H. Meanor, Joseph Morrison,* Josepli McClanahan, William J. AicClure, Sanford C. Obony, Joliii C. PI-iilips, Fredirick Qnigg, John TVI. Reigiiaman, Williaii-i Roherts, George W. Reed, David Sell.'Iffer, William Stewart, Joseph 31. Saiiijile, Beiij. F. Sliiel(Is, Joseph 31. Sbaffer,* John Trin-ible, George Tlioiiipsoii, Sr., Gool-ge Thompsoii, Jr., Henry Yance, J. H. Nllesternian, Saniuel Wallace, Jaiiies Williams, William S. Wilson. FORTY-SIXTH REGI.11ENT. Con?I)any B.-Recruited at Pittsburgh. Captains, Willian-i L. Foulk, I-Tenry N. Greats;ikp, Elijah Barnes; Fir t Lieuteiiaiits, Rosswell R. Frisbee, William Richards; Second Lieutenants, John Little, Aiidrew J. Scott, Rol)ert MeReady; Sergeants, Jon;itlian D. Morgan, Ileni-y J. Greiiet,* Joseph I-Tanloii, Potet, Davidsoii, Ileiiry Ciii-ts, Williaii-i Adams, Janies Bai'ket',Jolm 3lcPlxersoii, Robet-t AV. Moorhe-,id, William Hines; Corporals, Jollii Noll, Alexander Bryan, Blorris Rice, San-itiel Johnson, Alfi-ed Wait, George W. Clipps, PeteiGeary, Jaities Browi), Willi;un A. Alarlatt, William Pateli, Hezekiah Allen,* James 1NI. Fry, Williaiii Rieliards; Musician,.Hugli McGlouglilin; Privates, Florence Aclier, lVillian-i G. Ai-iiiet-, John D. Attig, Peter R. Bruster, Nathaniel Blackburn, Johii B. Bond, Lewis Bedo, Jolin S. Byerly,-John BalKer, John Borti, Jolii-i Basket-, JoIiii Bradley, Joseplitis Barney, Jan-les Browii, Deniiis Barnes, James Blair, Jaiiies Boyle,'! TI)o1flas 1. N. Bain,:- Jusepli Boot, Jt,seph Bentz, Martin Canipbell, Josialt Costenbador, David Ci-itzoi-, Georo-e A. Chace, Alexander Cregg, Steplien Crotzor, Morris Cai-lile, G(-or-e Cass,* JoIin Conrad,:'-'Jolin Carman, Johil Dill, AVilliani Decker, William Dorras, Francis Daiigiterty, Samuel Dai-igliei-ty, Johii Denning, John R. Davis,* John C. Dyson, Geoi-ge Deal, Thonias W. Ellis, Matthew E(fi I gar, Henry B. Earnest, Henry Ftillel-, Aii os Fuller, Cliarles H. Fislier, David Ftiller, Blatthfw Fritzer, Patr-"ck 11. Gahan, f-lenry Greenwalt, Battzer Gher, James Grahoun, Alc-xaiider Gotirly, Jolin Guiither,Janie. Grey,* Howard Griffitli, I"i-ederieli Giintlier, Robert Gibson, Cliristophcr J. Graham, Jaiiies Hays, Geoi-ge Huber, Tliomas Huglies, Michael H-,iightnan, George W. I-loyle, Jol-iii B. flively, Tlioiiias Haffey Da,N,id Haney,* Hiraii-i Hively,* Jacob Howell,* lienry Hilton,* John Holshower,* Jollii Israel, George Inilioff, James li-win, John B. Junkins, WilliaM C. Jones, Rieliard C..101IDson, Williaiii Kisser, Martin Kinch, Adani Kephart, Michael Kertiey, W. C. King," Jan-les Kincli,"' James Kanan,* Joliii Koff,': Michael Ninslow,'-' Jaiiies R. Kinnai),* Itichard W. Kelley, Davi(I Lee, Felix Li.-lit, HeIrick. Lucart, Daniel Lotier, Robei-t Little, James, Lynch,* Lemuel Le(,, Jolin Lyonsz, Robei-t R. Matliews, IVilliaiii 3lathews, James 31ai-tin, Martin L. illaliaffey, Laac Morrison, Matthew Mettler, Jolin M;itliews, Sainuel Mealy, Heiiry 3loore, Joliii Musselinan,Jolin INloore, Jacol) Moore, Williani Myers, Williani J. McChi-e, Ewiuo- B. McCleary, Joliii McGoweii, Rodtier INIeGary, litigh McCue, William 3lcGai-ity, Peter 3leGee, Alrilliam McCrisson, Davi(I MeKeloy, Robert ileCaLilev, William E. Ott, Jolii-i O'Bi-yaii, Thonias O'Reilly, Janies B. Patterson, John C. Patcli, Tlion-las J. Parkinson, JoIiii Riley, Absalom Riipert, Johil Rodgers, Geoi-ge Robiiisoii, I-leiiry Rollings,* Andi,ew Ricliey,* Rosswell 13. Reno, Patrick Sweeney, Janies Speei-, George Stioll, John A. Speer, Francis Smitli, Ludwig Staab, Johii Sandi'acli, Ben'ia Sunderland, Heni-y Suter,John SGott, Heiii-y B. Sende,* Paul Shalley,* John Sti,iff, Samuel Stiiier, Conrad Shipl), Joliti Stoubs, Danied Scott, Deiinis S'gli, Jet-eini(th Tatshaw, Josepli Tha'vet-, l3enjandD Upton, William R. Williams, Jolin C. NVa-rier, NVilliatn Winterbottom, John Wolbc-rt, John Whitehead, Joliti Woollen, Samuel Wilmot,* Aiicirew AValt0D, Tlioiiias Wli-ittakei-, Jacob Welty,* Jacob F. Illiser, PI)ilip E. Watsoii, Sanitiel Young.* Comp(my 1P.-Recruited in Alle-Oieny County. Captains, Benjan-iin W. Morgan, Neal Ci-ai-, Eugene Alexander; First Lieutenant, Cyrus Shade; Secoiid Lieutenants, Tlionias Matthews, I-lowell J. Davis.* Ser-eants, Goorge R. Beecher, Joseph Eitgomar, Sitn-iiiel Chambers, E1,jah Bariies, Williani W. Gracie,* John T. Wilson, IA'i I liani Ki rk, William Duncaii, Joseph TIorton, James L. Llo d, Noah A. Frederick, John Ragan, David B. Nelson,*- Jaiiies F. Fi-az'er;* Corporals, William Hayward, Lewis 11. Bernard, Joseph Davis, Robert Jones, Clii-istopher Fox, Joliii Reed, Alexander L. Yoiiiig, Dumont C. Dake, John F. Such, Janies 31. Batiiii, Williani Evans, William Reese, Johii A. Ma,4, Jr., James Bray, John Gavin,* Elijah Cain, Janies Bl. Earle;'-' Musicians, Michael McTighe, Wesicy A. Orr; Privates, Petel- A-tie, Peter Bartz, Burdine Blake, Heni-y Baiim, 31i](-s Bighley, Tlionias Bestley, Robert S. Baines, Benjamin B. Banford, James BoN 7le, Jacob Baii-, John Ballford, Howard Baird,'Charles Burkelt,:- Joliii G. Bair,* William Beatty,* Francis Brittten, Rtiflis F. Bagley, George W. Caiii, William Clair, Jack AV. Chan-ibers, Joliii 31. Coe, 11. W. Campbell, Peter Ca,in, Cliarles R. Cliftoii, William Clifton, James A. Clilton, Joliii Ci-aig, Sainuel Cupps, Samuel Cunningham,* James 11. Campbell, lienry Ctimp, Hiigii AL Chambers, Andrew Dungan, Benjainin Dawes, Baltzer Decker, Charles De, Illolf, Moi-ris J. Davis, Tliomas J. Diinuan, John Dunwoody, William J. Dunlap, George Deenier, William Dailey,*James Davis,I- Saitiuel Doak, Orran A. Elliott, James D. Ewing, Thoiiias B. Ewing, William S. Evaiis, Thomas E. Evans, Williaiii Ellis, 1-foilry B. Ewin-, Franklin Everett, Emanuel Frederick, John G. Fullii-ier, Thomas T. Frazier, Jacob Gaylock, Samuel Guiidert-nftn, Hamilton Goi-don, William Geddis,* Jolin Hart,* Robert Houstori, Benjaiiiiii Haines, Owen Huglies, David 3I. Hill, Thomas Hari,is, Williaiii Hagan, Jobn H. Hoover, Heiiry Johnson, Archy 31. Jolinsoii, -fohn Jordan, Evaii Jones,* Joliii lienDedy, Robert Kennedy, George D. Kaufman, William C. King,* Edwat'd liolb, Jacob Loiv, John Loveless, Emory Lindsey, Williain Lloyd, William H. Le-wis, Willian-i P. Mut,ray, Charles Mei, Tlioiiias 31organ, Patrieli: Malloy, Joseph Mowry, Jolin 31adn,:` Eli McKindley, Williani INIcElvary, W. R. McAlinnamin, Robert McConkey, Daniel lNlcGrogan, E-lxward l tITighe, Joliii MIckinus, Danliel INIGilvai-y, Jolin B. MceKibJben, James MIcMaldowry,* Joseplh Nil;and, MIoses Nicklow, Jo)hn Nelson, Ma;tthewv Nelsoin, Michatel O'Brien, Josephl Owens, Josep)h H Palmer, Jatmes Piilrdy, Cliarles Petti ord, Thoma;s Reecd, Geo)rge Rush, Jo)hn RearIk, Willis IRandall, Jacob) Rushi, I'auLi Roberts, Cliarles Rea, John Richardson, Thlon-as Robei-ts, Milo Reed, George Royer, Jacob Strong, Samuel Soarighlt, Jolin Shatffet-, Williaiii Scott, O)bedili; Spi,onwls, Jesse H. Snmith, Datvidl SlIlitti, Plhi ander F. Smeed, Janiles Seailight, Andrewv Steel, DaUvid H. Snowden, C:hai-les Slhankles, Janies Sqliiiies, Jacob Seibeil, Williaim H. Sterling, Williain Stettler,"l Johli T. Se tri(-ht,: -Jolin Sealright,* George Snydler,* Jacob Shade, Jaiiies 1A. Smitli, Joseplh Thoiiias, Willialm Taylor, J;ames 1R. Todd, Thotiias.r. Thollnag,' Johli Vodrey," Jolinl Winter-s, George WVhitten, Henry Wert-z, Johii Wright, Bratdford WTilsoii, Jaiiies Woods, George S. NVtood, Jatnes Wildlbjloodl, Tliomas WildbUlocod, David Wliitlord, Hfenry Young. F ORTY-NINTH REGIMIENT. Covil)aizy IC.-Recrulited at Pittsbui gh. Calptain, John F. Reynolds; First Lietitenant, James H. Bascom - Seconcd Lieutenat Tlltlomias MI. Gillespie; Sei-geants, I-I. E. C. BSowers, Tlioinas PoNvei- Janies H-arewvood, Jolih H. Jonles, rhom;as B. Robisori; Corporals, J.tiiies H. Robxb, Joliin R. Piper, WVillianm H. Carey,.John Bi-yson, Andrewv Rederer, Janies McGarrey, Jolin MI. Siiigley, Aiidrew J. Crawfordl; MAusicialns, Geoi-ge Davis, John REolley; Privates, Jalnies Arthlur, Heni-y Alexainder, Adami Acller, Edwardl Acor, Andlrew Btirns, Charlles Baliley, Betijaiiiii BSolton, Fralnk H. Boiighton, James Black:, Henry Blooiii, George D. Batll,* Jalnies Connier, Janies C:atrioll, Patrick Cori-, Janies Catborg, Jolin CD.Calvin..John (:ox, Josepli Chiverton, Williani Davis, Evanl E. Davis, Robert lDonl.]dson, Daniel.Iavis, Jolhn Eiliott, Tlieophiilus Eppelman, Henry Eberg,* James W. Gailey, Juliiis Gi-istner, Josepli Gill, Jiinies Garvey, Harwl-y 31. Hart, Anios Herwvi-f George flarshmatn, ltigl-l Hagain,:Rolhert L. Harlrison, Robert Howve, Evan Jones, Wlilliam L. Jonles, Jo)hn Klreps, H. F. liappbalin, John K(inney, Williaiii Linnarcl, Tliomas Lotighnian, Johli La,monlt, Willialm Lewis, Andlrewv 1Iarsula, David Mlatthewvs R. W. Mloreheadl, 1,17illimi-i W. BIcMains, Jolin MIcLaughllin, 3loses 3IcCleary, Satlnulel J. Nelson, George W. Phillip!s, Hltigh Prou(lfoot, D)avidl Phillips, Johii Plhillips, F;rank Paulin, Geoi-ge S. Prall, Daniel Qtiini-1, Jam-es 1Ricllie, Jolin Reeves, C;aleb IRichards, CJ. J. Reynol(is, George D. R.thlke, Hiram Ricliar ds, Williarli Smit11, Augulst Sc hilling, Levi B. Sollers, Nichjol as Schwalrtz, Enocll Sidldell, Thiomas Tbonias, Johin Th(on-pson, Willi.tm D. WiTttkiiis, Edward D. Watson, F. Widenlmayer, Hlerry F. Walker, John Wylie, Arthlur Wliarton, John YounIg. HISTORY OF ALLEGHEN7Y COUTNTY, PEN-NSYLVANIA..--. - -- -1- --.- -- - -........ -.. -- -- - - -- -- I. --- - - - - ---- - -- - -- I 219 brose Frisbee, Cyriis France, Esquit-c B. Fisk, Jolin Gerow, Eliphalet S. Green, John Gilvare, Henry Griffith, Abralian-i Giles,* Moses W. Gre1-,(1,,* David Haiglit, Jnmes flandliD, Charles R. llitteh, William A. Hawk, J. C. Heii(loi-sliott, (I'liarles' E. Higgins, George B. Haight, Frederick E. Hinnimi, Tlioluas H. Harfor(l, Jaiiies Houghtalifig, Winfield S. Harvey, Reubeii Irwin, Janies Kelly, Patrick Kelly, Joliti Kenny, Isaac W. Lyons, Jonathan M. Locke, Marcus Lockruit, John Leeelt, William Alartin, Josepli 1-1. IIiller, Jacob S. Moyei-, Robert Masters, Jol-iii H. Tvlillei-, Jolin Murry, Janies M. Martin, fienry McCoiiriell, Cassius McCurty, Patrick MeGarvey, John McCarthy, Josepli McNamara, Edward J. O'Coniier,* William Pliillips, David Putt, Jose-plius Peddicord, Albert L. Peek,'- Willett Piei-ce, Williaiii Redman, llii-aiii Rogers, Beiijitiiiiii Ross, Williani Rourke, Olivei- P. Rtigii, Michael Rulaild, Elias B. Rieli, Piiiiii.) N. llobison, Jitities A. Itayinond, Geo. W. Ratenberg,* Lines 11). llichards,*- Jacob Schaeffer, Josepli Shara, Lotiis Sliell, Aiidi-ew Sheperd, Williairi A. Sloan, Williain Siiiitli, Williaiii Steen, Andreiv J. Stroup, Williarn W. SNvitzei-, Citry A. Slayton, I-loi-ace Sweet," Levi Shreves,* Jones.Snow, All'red M. Sarvey, Charles T. Tlionipson, Josepli Thoiiiton. Tlionias Thonge, Pei-i-y H. Tillotson,* Edward Tarnian,* Adolpl-iiis'rlioitipsoi), Benj. F. Unistead, Joliti B. Witi-btitton, Szttiiue I Wike, James Wigfield, Jolin Willlioff, Joliji C. Wlialey, Joseph Wacker, Samuel S. Willlielui, Jacob WilSOD, David R. Wilson, Daniel Yockey, Thoiiias Zeliff. SIXTIETfl REGIMENT-THIRD CAVALRY. Com y t, pan G.-Recruited at Pittsbtiro-ii. Captains, 0. 0. G. Robinson, J. Lee Englebert; First Lieutenaiits, Jolin P. Seal, Willittiii L. Gregg, Walter S. Newliall; Second Lieutenants, Abel Wright, Cliarles H. Chandler, Geoi-ge Gi-iffin, Robert T. l3eaLon; Sergeants, 11. C. Wray, William 31cillillin, Janies Summers, Joliii Morris, Hugh Ftilton, ylvester Lillie, David Berliii, Josepli H. Seal, George W. Ewizig, Thoni-Its Aspen, William Wallace;* Coi-porals, Joliti H. Joiies,Johii EdNvards, Sarnuel Siiy(ler, Louis Ilse, Jolin AIcCtitcheri, Tilliothy Casey, John Baird, Patrick Murray, Edwin M. Seaiiien, Janies H. MeTierinan; Bugters, Williaiii H. A-fal-sliall, James Corns; Blacksmith, Thomas M. Starr; Farriers, Jolin Oliver, Harry B. Grubb;-Sa(ldler, David Rogers; Privates, George W. Appleby, Levi B. Applegate, Joseph Alleii, Sainuel Bentiett, Elias 1-1. Bat-iiet, Johri Black, Charles Baird, Julin Bet.TiDger, Sainuel. Bowman, James Crummer, Williitm B. Clotid, James Clqbaugh, John P. Carlin, Andrew Creio-htoii, Will iain Coriis, Joseph Clark, Thoiiias Chadderton, Henry Crist, Willitim Davis, Patrick Dufy, D. Doclierty, David Dill,:- James Diclz-soii, John Dargin, Josepli C. Edwards, David Fryer, Albert C. Fuller, John H. Garvey, Eciward Grant, FrkLneis Grant, Nathaniel Graliani, Jabez 6-raliam, Pe-ter GaiTier, Charles E. Ilolmes, George Havens, Jolii) J. Htiglies, Adani Hahn, Jolin Hogmire, I-leni-y I-ood, Pllilip R. Jones, John Jackson, Charles S. Knox, Peter Kelley, Hetiry Lindoii, Joseph Leecli, Williiim Aliltwliiiiey, William 11. Mai-tzell, Jereii-iiah lvltirphy, William'T'lledler, Williaii-i 5torris, John L. McLelland, Daniel MeLehary. Pati-iclc AleGiorie, George McDevit, R. 31. McCullough,'Ni. McCullough,* Jollil iNagle, Jolin Neol, James Neyeling, Mark. O'Day, Hugh O'Neal, Patrick Printy,John M. Qtierry, Willi(tiii R. Quaid, Jolill I-J. Robiiison, E. A. Ruddieli, William F. Roberts, Horace Stoops, Benjamin Salsbury,.Tohn Y. Steedliani, Alf'red Stilwell, Irwin Smitli, Heiiry Sliarp, John Spring-bitt, Nicholas Slieiick, Williai-ii Speck,* Tlloiiias Siijitli, Jutirl W. Tllttyer, Levi B. Talley, George Thorns. Thoniis Tierney, Peter Vait Leak, Williaiii Vanzant, Aiiios Willianis, Alexander Wadlow,* Alexander Wilcox, Robert Wilson. SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Company B'.-Recruited in Allegheny City. Captains, Lewis Redenback,* Casper Kauffman; Fii-st Lieilten - ants, Will. Scott,,': Etigene C. Koei-ner; Second Lieutenants, Johii 11. Brown, Pliilip Voelp,* Wm. Laughlin,* Jolin Caldwell, Frederielc Cackins; Sergeants, Wiii. Brorrinan, James R. liolnies, J. H. C. Pooriiiai), Wiii. G. Coiin, Joliii Browii, Jose' 11 Hough, John Bulge, Jobn W. Row, Hiigh Ct-umine,, Heni-y Sclimerker,*.John C. P Y Myers; Corporals, Newtoii H. Pliillips, Clitrlesllatzeilb,,L(,Iiei,,Joseph Klenini, Harvey B.Jones, George Schtiltz, George Sciiiiatif'er, David 3filler, Josepli 31urray,Jai-nes C. Plummei-, Samuel A. Leslie, Wm. FtiltOD, C31rUS Staley, Jolin Kriilin-, Wm.H. Stevens,Jacob Wentz,"'Mattijew Shaw,*Anthony Treps, Wiii. F. Rawie, Edward Shumackei-, Leopolci Betz, -John Wanibach; Mtisicians, Charles 0. Ludy,.Charles Little, Adani Showers; Privates, Wm. Ames, Jacob S. Baker, Joliii Bell, Hetiry C. Becker, Wii-1. Bowmaii, Tlionins Baker, Peter Boii-her, John E. Banford, George Black, Jacob Black, Napoleoii R. Brasher, Adam liodd, George, W. Bristell, David Biglitley, George W. Boreland, Jacob Burkhardt,* Robert B. Barr, Cliris'loplier Bartch,* Jacob Beiitz, Aiidi-ew Brinlc, Hugh Blackley, W. Banks,,"George D. Cochran, Jeremiali Cistlow, Joliii T. Creeks, Joliii Ca.Sh, JOIIII Clawson, Ult-icli Clii-isteit, Andrew Cooper, Jolin 11. Canipbell, Christian Delker, JerelniLh Di-iscoll, David Dalzell, Jolin R. Deiiiiy, George F. Deitrick, Robert Dickson, William Emerick, Pllilip Fate, Fre(lerick Faber, BeDjamin F. Fry, Peter Ferrang, Christlitn Faber, Alphoiiso Foerst, Johii Fraiicis, Geor,,e Giinn, James Grecii, Beneventura Gaul, Lotiis Gol(Istein, Abijah George, Thoinas George, Jolin Hill, Dailiel Holsinger, Artlitir I-Iilliiian, Leopold Hart, Leonard Hartman, Tlioiiias I-Ititchinsoii, Williaiii Hillman, Dwight H. lliilbert, Arnold Hanch.,, A-ndrew Hayne, George W. Hays, Hent-y Hamilton, Robinson I-Iielc-ey, Williarn Ilurley, Alplioriso Hoffii-ian, James 31. Hay, Henry Jacob, Jaiiies Joiieg, Edward Jenkins, Cont-ad Kem, Josepli Kelseli, Clii-istopher Kreps, George Kiilible, I-lirani Kelley, Geoi-ge Kiiiitzler, Jacol) Kliiii, D,,tvid Iiimble, James H. Laiie, Henry Lape, Petei, Lanning, John Logau, Andrew Lo:-ddy,` Zen;is Large, Baxter Logan, Cliarles Luchy, Jolin Myers, Abraham Myers, Jacob Mai-kor, Robert Morrow, Jolin Montgomery, John Miller, Geoi-ge R. Munaw, Johii H. Aliller, James Murray, Caltus Maiei-, Isaac 1NIasters, Charles Millthaler, Coiiraci iUeyers, Coiirad 111einhard, J. W. McKinnelly, Jaiyles McCaw, David McCrea, Joliii MeCtircly, Jacob Nagle, Joliii Nelson, Heiiry Neiiyali, Janies O'Brien. Johii T. Prophater, Williaiii Platt, Frederick Pintlier,* Albert Reicler, Hamilton T. Itiley, Sitmuel Ray, Henry Renge, Itobert Ross, Christian Riesner,* H. Ruslienbei-ger, Bernard Sullivaii, Benjamin F. Schibler, Jame-, Smith, Noah Sarena, Hetiry Swaner,'John. Steel, Kinsley Stepliens, 0. H. P. Schroder,* Adam Storiner, Joseph Salter,-James 31. Sniitli, Mattliew Shaw, Geoi-ge Schro(ter, William Straiib, Cliarles Sheibel, Jolin Schiiltz, John Steiglein, Valentine Sleiglilitz, Henry Shannon, Daniel Spauggy,* Andrew D. Taylor, Geot-ge Taylor, Abyier Ttiorpe, Alex. Thompson, John S. Tropliater, Win. B. Tonipliins, Elias True, Andrew Voptly, Baltzei- Walters, Jacob Wochele, Aitdrew Werner, George Walters, Aii'lebei-t Werner, I-lugh Wallace,* George R. Walker,'* Win. Waldmeyer.* George 9 Zeig. Company C.-Recruited in Allegheny County. Captaitis, George W. Dawson, W. 0. H. Robinson,* Charles S. Greerie, Joliti W. McClay; First Lieiitenants, Georgt- Dilworth, Williaiii S. Goli-1, ff. 0. C. Oehniler, Charles F. Keniiedy, Williani Gi-ay; Secorld Lieiitenaiits, Chtti-les 11. Rhodes,* James W.Proplwter,* Cyriig Adsit; Sergeants, Williitni INIeNeiglit, Htigli MeLai-en, Williim Alkei-, Ileiii-y P. Banks, Joseph Taylor, Miitoii Mathews, Eclwttrd Craney, John Tliompson, Francis McElfi-e-ili, Joseph P. Orr; Corporals, John Borman, Sylvester Orris, Antliony Weimer, Tlieodore 31iteliell, Joseph Fislier, Benjamin Hughs, William Orris, Tliomas B. Diclc, FraiilK Blair, Williftiii 11, Cochi-an, Geoi-ge Garvin, Christopher 3letzler, JoIirt V. Robinson, Lawrence Delwortli, Andrew J. Starrett,*Joshua Jobes, Henrv M. Snare;* Musicians, Hiigli Latigsliaw, Alexalider Graham, Ed. Ctirlilingliam, Stainuel Lyons; Privales, Robert A. Adains, Williatil Agy, Ison Antill,* George Boyce, George Brush, J. Berkeypile, Jacol) Beitl, Ch,,irles A. Blaliely, William. F. Barhley, Jolin Beatty, Andrew Bingliam, Joliri Brichell, James Boyd, S. A. Brady,* Charles Cook, Josepti A. Colman,* Steplien W. Cooper, Robert Cliarles, Richards Cucl(ly, Joliii Clieatliant, A. G. R. Calhoun, John Clianipioii, Jolin L. Chaiiipioii, George W. Conrad, Adati-i Croiisli, Williaiii Ciiiniiiiilgs, William Ptinstoii, Henry Dillinan, Williaiii J. Dunlap, Mark. Deary, Joliii Deitz, Jitcob Denzer, Alfred Daniels, Joseph Davis, George Deitrick, Henry C. Davis, Samuel J. Dawson, George Deiinling, Hetiry Deitch, R(bert Dilworth, Robei-t Eckley, William Franks, J. A. Farringtoii, Sanluel Fisher, Charles Farley, Anios Fielding, Jolin J. Fi owzei-, H. Fitch,* William Gether,-: Jolin Grey, Steplien M. Gilmore, Williaiii Gleasori, Andi-ew J. Gtiiiip, Htigit Gol-iiiaii, Loiiis Glenn, L. Graw,'-'- Fre(lerick Hasslei-, Malcolm Hiisliins, Peter Hiiey, Jolii-i Horn, J. Hen(lershott, Geoi-ge F. Harbaugh, Reuben Hope, Robert I-larLien, Andrew liot-iier, Isr(tel Higliliii], Jolin S. Heiiinger, Peter 11). Hipsley, David Hong, Williain liusliins, Henry I-lelfei-, Perry Joliiisoii, Oeoi-ge James, William Joiies, James Jackson, John C. W. Johnson, Andrew Jack, Joseph 0. Kennedy, James Keniie(ly, Ad:nn Keesley, Erne;t Lutlier, Froderielc Lehman, Dani(il Lacey, Silas Lyoiis, Fi-ariklin Lipe, George Long, William Littz, Nathaniel Landis, Arcliibalci Lawson, La Fayette Lee, James 0. Little, James K. P. Lightwill, Joliti Mafflson, Jacob Miller, Adani Miller, Timothy Mationey, William Millett, Jolin Melvin, Joseph F. 1NIiiiieli, Alleii McCoy, Fredel-iclc IVIaxner, Danic-I Moon, Jaiiies Milligan,* F. Masonheimet, William Tdm-riman, Sainuel G. Merriman, Thoiiias Merriman, Johii 3telviii, Thoinas Melvin, Jolin W. 3tiller, Johii 31inelly, Ru(Jolph Miellael," William 3iiirray, Uriall3lasteller, Jaines S. McElroy, Alexan(lel, McDoiia](1, Joliri McVay, William McSpad(len, James MeCrudden, George McLean, Joseph McNatt, Aiitliony McNitllv, Henry Oberry, Joseph Orri,, Edwin Owens, Cornelitis O'Cotitiot-, Jaiiies O'Doniiell,* Harrison W. Pope, Alf)ert C. Patterson, Williitm R. Poi-ter, John S. Prophater, William Pryoi-, George Porter, ]David H. Powers, Duncan Rammige, Tliotiiiis Riley, Jolin Iloss, Robet-t Riley, Robei't Ilobinsoji, Peter B. Rosebtirg, Robet-t R. R. Reiio, William Ross, Wilt Rippey, James W. Snydei-, Benjamin Spitzriagle, I'honlas A. Sliiel(ts, George W. Siiiith, Williaiii Swain,:- Alexander Shoals, Robiiison Swain, Charles Schon(Ile, Mattliew Sberinan, Joliii W. Schiii(ier, Joliti Slmrp,-i: Heni-v F. Shields,* Johii L. Speei-, Cha-ries Stoll, Johii Thompson, Samuel G. Ta., Heiiry Upperman, Jacob Walters, Jackson Wise, Cliarles Werdli(iss, Williaiii Williams, Willi(im Woodfor(],JeromeB. Whitkey, Robert Williamson, Isaialt Westoli, Williant Walker, Thoiiias Whaley, Sniith Walker, James H. Yotiiig, CiLleb B. Young, Jonathan YoiiiigCampany E.-Recruited in Allegheny Coiinty. Captains, Alexander Hay, Williaii-i H. Crawforcl, Williaiii J. Glenn, Cliarles 11. Clausen, Andrew J. Bingham; Fii-st Lieutenants, Heii ry NcLaiighlin, Samuel W. Aleans, Johii Barrett,` William. M. Price; Second Lientemmits, Woolman G. Miller, George F. Harper,* Bergan McDowell, Cliitrles H. Bewley, Jolin 1.IcVay; Sergeants, Frederick Masonliimer, Jtmes J. Earle, Charles W. Leslie,* Peter Grush, Abedriego Davis, Johii Bcnrk, 31yers Updegraff, Joseph Myers, Alhert G. C. Calhoun, James 0. Little,"Peter D. Hipsley,'- Tlionias J. Moore, Williani H. Rogers,Johu Davis, Geot-ge C. Saul, Williani P. Riloy; Corpoi-als, John Blake, Andrew G. Evans, Gustaviis F. Bowers, Charles B. Bat-rett, Jolin Liglitilill, Saniuel G. lalerriman, Saiiiuel Melvin, Aiiisy Paiiiter, Joliii Orr, Willitim WilsoTi, Ilent-y Fenrake, W;Iliam Russe,fl, Jacob Fogle, Jol-iti Woods, Georlye H. Shanafelf, John Fa'rbanks, George W. McDowell, Joliii Robinsoii; Musicians, Henry Biichanan, Aloiizo N. Billing-s, F. B. McNarnara, David Fitzg) erald; Privates, William Agy, Edi-iiutid Aiistis, Rieliards Anderson, Edward Alexander, 11'rMcis Btii-iis, James Boy(], Fraiik. Bunsher, INlicliael Berre, George Brooks, George Bei-ger, Robert Bartiett, George Burrows, Thoiiias B(st, Weston Boweii, Michael Clirist, Gottfried Connelly, ThCO(10re H. Colters, Adam Ct-ush, Jolin Campbell, Saiiiuel J. Coleiiian, David Cole, JohlA L. ChanlpiOD, Williaiii Chantler,* Geoi-ge Cassiday, Jolin B. Cordell, James, Clark,* Jolin Conolin, Lewis Craitior, Thomas Charles, Hugh Doi)ohue, Wifflain Davidson, George Duff, John Dowden, Tliomas Di'apier, Daniel Davi(ison, John Dou-iterty, Archil)ald Diinlal), Frank Eckenrowl, William Eckenroad, Joseph Eittoi), Owen Edmondson, Joreiiiiali Evans, fIeiii-y Eichbel-g, James Eckenroad, Robert Ecky, lient-y Fox, Amos Fiet(ling, Benjaiiiin Franklin, Watson Fields, Etioch Fiel(Is, George IV. Fell, Charles M. Gould, Williaiii Good, Charles W. Gibbs, Johii Galbt_,her, William L. Gt,fine:, Joseph B. Hen(ierson, Matthias Hendricks, Johii Huston, Robert Harris,David G. Hunter, George HulniLis, Michael lieft'tier, James k Elolilies, Williaiii Hamilton, Daniel I-lanlon, Joliti Hall, Jose[)h Hillman, Thoin(ts B. Isett, Johii Joliiison, Adani Kessley, Orville Iiidders, Siiiioti Keller, Andrew Kirkland, James Kinney, Joliii Kiiiiipli, Perry Kiiiney, James I.afferty, Archibald Lawson, Eflward Latham, Henry Lc-vi, Robert Law, J. K. P. Li-litllill, Geoi-ge, W. Lewis, Jolin Leesh, Ch-arles Lefevre, Jaines Lanihaugh, Aaron Marks, Tiioii-i-is Merriman, William Merriman, Joseph Mathews, Charles F. Miller, Josepli Metzgar, Jolin Morrow, Jimes Millei-, Rohert Miishette, R(ibert Thoiiias Morrison, Williaiii T)IcElroy, Tlionias McCarty, Fnincis TNUM;innus, MCCoIliini, llugli McCarron, Geoi-ge Newman, Robert Niellis, James NoIder, Samuel Nol(lei-, Daniel O'Hatilon, Janie, O'Donnell,* Tiionias O'Brien, George, Parton, Harrison Paker, Emanuel Pile, David H. Power-,4, William Peacli, Peter B. Roseberg, Jacob Roberts, Jolin T. Robinson, Robei't Roberts, George Rinehart, NVilliam Iloss, Jan-ies A. Ro'ss, Ch-,irles H. Rhodes, Jaiiies B. Scott, John W. Schneidei-, Cilai-les W. Snydei-, Janies Spoonhow, Benjaiiiiii Stevens, Silas FIFTII P-LEGIMENT-WEST VIRGINIA CAVALIIY VOLUNTEERS. Lietitenaiit-Coloiiel, Alexaiider Scott: -Major, David D. Barclay; First Lieutenant and Quartern-iaster, Joliii C. French.' Con7pany A.-Recruited in Allegheny Cotinty, Pennsylvania. Captains, Albert C. Hayes, William Otto, Jolin A. Ilutitei-'Oliver R. West; Fit-st Lieuteiiaiit, David L. Si-nitli; Second Lieutenatits, Jaines Blacl, Jttmes R. Hutchitisoii; Sergeants, George W. Given, Harrison Smith, Fi,anklin 11. Singer, Michael Canipbell, Saniuel Scott; Corpoi-als, Johil Breen, Edward SaladiD, Williaiii Grallain, Charles Bi-iteli, Samuel K.'Croes; Wagoner, William Rav; Blacksmith, James Kincaid; Pi-ivates, Fred. Baximeyer, Frederick Braun, William Bowser, Joliti Canip6ell, Alex1ander Campbell, Janies Cart,igan, Williaiii Dever, Joliii C. Dalzell, Caspoi- Dielil, Frederick Deeroger Geoi-ge Dixoii, Tllomas S. Eichbatiiii, Conracl Eichaltz, Louis Houry, William fleine, William Happol(it, Joliii Jolinson, Johil Koelinle,in, Beiijamin P. liurtz, Patrick Kelley, Phitip Kii-eii, Jesse Loyd, Wittiain Ludaking, Louis Metz, Jacob 31iller, Johii McClaren, Hugli McMannis, Francis H. TvieCleane, John Itanisev, Saniuel L. Reynolds, Michael Ilobel, Henry Sttibbs, John Stone, Henry C. Stevens, Janies Sloan, Charlis Schiiiitz, Jacob Slayer, William S. Taylor, Heni-y Wtigiler, Jollii Wasliirigton, Charles Wei-nei-, George Wilson. Disclturged.-Privates, Jolin Bailey, Frederick Baird, Alexander Lane, Samuel INlitchell, Jacob liuensler, Henry Katters, James Couway, Joseph Swartz, David C. illeCtieii; Sergeant, Hannam Grey; Privates, Enocli C. ilillet-, S. Weisenberger, Anios 31. Barbin, Alexander J. Pentecost; Sergeant, A. J. Cliambers. Veterans.-Privates, Beiijaiiiiii F. Ackelson, Josepti D. Croco, Matthew Coates, Hai'moti Deinart, Adam Glister'Daniel Green, Williaiii H. Jones, Walter S. INiarsliall, Jolin A. 3icCrea, Rieliard Puburii, Nicliolas Ruiiiple, Louis Wagnei-, Williaiii W. Youngsoyi. Tranferred.-Sergeant, Gf-orge 11. Kirkpatriclc; Private, Adam 31onin-er. Died.-PriV,LteS, Gustave Steider,* Johii S. Ivliller;* Corporal, Pati-ick Daly;* Privtttes, M Iicliael Donohue,* Jolin B. Kelley,* Peter Roniiser,* Marvin Arinis, Loamini H. Webster. Hiscellaneous.-Private, Thonias 11. Swaiii; Wagoner, Charles A. Curtis; Corporal, Robert B. Morris. ConipanyD.-Reci-tiitedinAlle,,IieiiyCoiiiity,Peiiiisylvttiia. Citptains,ThomisGibson,Ji-.,D.D.Barelay, Johnlt.Fi,i.,3bee;FirstLieuteii,tiit,D,tvidEcker;SecondLie,utenatits,.IosephM.Bushfield.A.J.Chambers, Jacob Colmor; Sergeants, Jaiiies May, Robert Groves; Wagoner, Andrew Listinan; Pi-ivittes, Jolin B. Algeo, Michael Brtibaclc, Josepli Cainpbell, Francis Fitzsiniiiioiis, Tlioii-ias Gitllion, Cyrus M. Hayne, Patrick Kearns, Joliii Kitne, Jaines Little, Ada-in. Monninger, Noah Alessenger, iNlichael Madden, John Neil, Joliil Pliillips, John Rhodes, Thomas Rtissell, Franklin Renfortli, Jacob Sarver, Elias F. Seaman, Patrick Vaughn, Joliii Wendell, Jolin Woods, Josepli Waltoii. Pi-isoners of War.-Privates, Jolin ffialpin, Peter 3leGiirgen, Edward Warnick. Discharged-Privates, J. W. Martin, George W. Alorris, Jolin W. Hastings; Sergeant, Thomas G. Smythe; Privates, Willian-i Harrison, Richard Ryan; Sergeant, George Nubert; Private, Robert Jaclcsoii; Fil-st Sergeant, William Schniolze; Pi-ivates, Williaiii B. Mclffiirray, John B tiley. George Newlitt, Thotmas J. Fennerty; First Sergeant, Jacob Colnier; Pi-ivates, Mansfield B. Mansfield, David Aiiderson, Jolin D. McClelland, Jacob R. Asl-lby, James C. Eclier, Wifflam AlcGulley, Jaihes Finlin. Veterans.-Sergeants, Wilson Steinaker, Jeron-ie Bi-ooks, Chai-les Stark; Privates, Jaines 31. Anderson, Bonaparte Bt-ooks, Fi-ederick Barth, Washin-ton Black, Michael Burils, Joseph Dowden, Joliri S. Hershbergei- Gabriel lielley, Williain 0. Leslie, Joseph Lehinaii, John Moan, William Morrow, Peter 3lcMalion, ThoLi'las J. Reed, Cliarles Stratton, Au-tisttis Soles, TliomLts Taylor, William A. Wiley. Transferred.-Tean-ister, Williani 31iller. Died.-Corporal, Michael Lee;* Privates, William Elkins,* George Black;* Corporal, John L. Heist;* Privates, I-leilry Nolte,* Ira Cliasr-,* James Quest,* Witliaiii Hoyer,-i- Charles Sands,* John Stilly,* James'McAleer,:" Satituel Kay,* Andrc-w Bernard,* Samuel Bowden,* Edwat-d Doyle,* William L. Hughey.*.41iscellaneous.-Privates, Thomas J. Bartlett, Washington Stanley, Horner Stevens, Daiiiel D. Haas, Jaines Larkins, Obadiah Galespie; Sergeant, Williaii-i Gillespie; Privittes, Jacob Musgrove, Thomas Flannagan, Alorizo J. Powell, Ciiarlc-s Daugherty, George. Roichetiacher, Robert Mannijig, Charles Allen, Jolin 2'4oreland. Cora any F.-Recruited in Alleglieny County, Pennsylvania. Captaitts, Alexander Scott, HeDry C. P Flestiel-, Thomas B. Si-nitti; First Lieutenants, Johii A. Huntor, Charles H. Dity; Second Lieliteiiants, Donlglass Siiiytli, Williarn Sclliiiolze; Sergeants, William Bi-ouglison, Josepti Black, Williain Wyble, Charles Kirchaffer; Corporals, Josepi-i Massey, Johil Peppard, George Mcliltyre; Privates, Michae'l Burke, Francis Bracker, Joliti Cox, Archibald Caiilpbell, Richard Carrigher, John ("Lilp, C. Chaddet-son, Matthew Falizal, Richard Fergusoii, Micliael Frana, James Finiiiii, Johii W. Gilland, John Graiit, James R. Henry, George Hildson, Patrick Hillary, Jolin Harle, Jolin Harden, Geot'ge V. Jones, Edward Katie, Frttneis Lowry, Henry iUcGill, Robert McCormick, Thoiiias McKeefer, George McClay, John 3lcDeriiiot, Jacot) Miller, Cliai-les Main, Williain Matthc-ws, Jolin Ottei-soii, Philip Patiner, Joliii Quinii, Jolin Quillian, Charles 31. Roberts, Ttiomas B. Rictiardson, George W. Siiyder, John Sheci(teii, lliigii Siiiitli, Joliti Sheets, Williatti 11. Story, Daniel Slaven, Leander Sliort, Barney Toner, 31artiii Waltc-rs, Johil Werner, Jolin W. White, Charles Zinimerman, Jolin J. Ziriimer. Veter(tns.-Sei-geant, Peter liroiise; Privates, Jolin Daniels, Edward 11. Barry, Lawreiiee Gapney, L. 3lcMasters, James B. Robinsoii, Jolin Walters. Discharged.-Privates, Owen Carney, Jolin Mitchell; Sergeant, John C. Devlin; Privates, Robert Sterling, Marshall Huntzeker. Died.-Privates, Tliomas Stevens,* Bernard Cain;* Corporal, James Stewart;* Privates, Frank Bannan,* James A. Gardner;* Corporal, John Murry;- Privates, Peter Cassidy,* Alexailder Dunn;-' Sergeatits, William W. Carney,* Henry Burns;* Private, James Glass;* Corporal, Anibrose J. Bing;* Privates, 3lielia(ii Lou--1iran,* 1)(tiliel McCay.:-' Transferred.-Sergeants, William H. Silver, John R. Frisbee. Jfiscelluizeous-Pi-ivates, Thomas Lewis, I-lenry D. Ward, Henry Walton, James McLain, Joseph Ifall; Sergeant, Isaitth Stephenson; Privates, Patrick Shine, Frank Nevergold, Samuel Drury, Luke Delaney, Samuel Watts, Williaiii Davis, James M. Anderson, Jaines Gay. FIRST REGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA ARTILLERY. Company G.-Captain, J. D. Owens, Ct-iatliati-i T. Ewing; Fit-st Lieutenant, Alfi-ed Sickman, Howard Morton; Second Lioutonftnt, Jacob G. Huggins, Samuel J. SI-iearer; Sergeants, Steplien Itipley; Daniel Graham, Samtiel J. Osbortie, Jolin 11. Veateli, Heiiry A. Evans; Corporals, Jolin Hawkes, Joseph N. PoNvell, Williani J. Hawles, Johii G. Byder, Jijlin Boles, Jeremiah Deffibaugh; Artificers, Willi-am L, Edwards, J. W. Van Gilder; Privates, Louis Aiiiiigton, George D. Barclay, John Bernert, Adam Browii, Johii Casey, Frank W. Coleves, D. Dougherty, Jereiiiittli Diifford, Ruftis E. Evans, Jolin File, Henry Forest, Joseph Forsytlie, Jolin Fry, William Gibson, James P. Guest, George Hart, Jaines H. flall, Jaines Hastings, John Hobatigh, Martin Hope, Andrew Kitlor, Rodger Kenelly, Watson Killgore, Frttncis A. Kleiii, John Lanibie, Jei-eii-iittti Leedoni, Robert Maii sberger, Geoi-ge C. 31artin, George.H. Maxwell, James Tdetealf, Wm. McCauley, Alex. iNteCaiiley, William F. McClure, 31. H. McCormic, James McCracken, Iltigh AleCuiie, Armstroiig INIeGill, F. McGillivray, Jolin McGillivray, Jaiiies McIntosh, Itichard Pudder, David R. Philips, John Seibert, Saiiiuel Shaw, William Siiields, Joliii W. Suttiet-oii, JohLi N. Taggart, Joseph Trussel, Robt. Watson, Nathaniel Young, Philip Zeigler, John W. Frazier. Veteraits.-First Sergeant, Roolc A. Boyd; Corporal, L. G. Marshall; Privates, Elijah Adams, William Anshutz, H. Cauipbell, Williani Colville, DariieL Garrison, Joseph Houseliol(ler, George Huffman, Williaii-i Jamison, William McKee, Jaiiies McKeii(Iree, George Prentice, Patriclc Wallace, David R. Yiglist. Discliurged.-Williani L. Connei-, Robert P. Diieberry, Arthur Little, Morrison A. Sample, Jacob Stroble, William -11. Gregg. 1'rans/`erred.-First Ser-eant, L. F. Fettermai); Musician, John R. Thomas; Private, Charles MeLiire Hays. Dipd. Privates, Albert Kincaid,* Satilu(il Lessig,* Jolin Moan,-- Alex. McKenzie,* Frederielc Rowe,': Thonias Walsh.* Miscellaneous.-Captain, Henry W. 24artin; Privates, Michael Bradley, W. S. Campbell. FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Com any C.-Recruited in Allegheiiy and Mercer Counties. Captains, Jerome B. Hoaglancl, William B. P Neeper, Sprague S, Hill,'INlicliael W. Houser; Fii-st [Aieuteiiant, Enocli C. Clond, Alex. B. McCartney, Robert J. Cilliipbell; Second Lieutenant, George W. 31iller; Sergeant,-, Robert G. Madge, lVlilton. L. Campbell,"- Jolin W. Brownlee, George Byerly, ("oi-ydoti E. Thayer, Jolii-i A. Lowry, Geoi-ge G. Porter,* Frank Gregg,:- Jitnies W. Thompson; Corporals, Tliomas 1-1. B. Potid, Francis A. Bishop, Williaiii Shattleworth, Itobel-t Z. Newton, David Vatinovan, H. M. Rrenuings,J'ames 11. Dtirimiere, Alex. L. Dou-lass, James Strain, Henry Scholl,* George W. Kiminell;"George W. Keefer, William MeMahan,* John McCall, Johii Koonce,* David Stewal't; Pi-ivates Junice W. Alleri, Eno A-tie, Josepli Arbuckle, Fraiicis Acliley, James M. Archer, Charles Aii-le, Williaiii W. Allen, Nicholas Bi-iilk, George M. Btish, Cilarles Butler, Isaac Byars, Welcome Bass, Aloiizo Benjaiiiiti, Milton Boovend, Garviii Brownlee, Peter Boise,* Smith Byerly,* Sail-iuel M. Bates, Jaiiie-, Briggs, Robert W. Bell,' Andrew Bailey, John B. Cole, James C. Campbell, Charles R. Coburn, Williaiii H. Copp,* Robert A. Coucii, Peter P. Cole, Jonzttlian Douglass, Abner Diiiiniire, Jaines Dawson, Charles Dougherty, James Dougherty, Tlioinas Denipsey, Thoinas J. Dtinean, George W. Dennis, Rieliard C. Douglass, George Ditvison' Oliver Dickson,* Donard Donby, Ilarvey 1A. Dawson, Samuel W. Dunhani,* John C. Downing,* Richard Ely, Jolin INI. Eberhart, Josiah ELleburn,-- Curtis Foster, Jolin E. Fye, Charles Fehmel,* Olivel, Freeland,* Geor-o Grogan, Al bei-t Gi-idley, Hen t-y 3i. Grow, Jolin M. Goodmati, William Glasbonner, Jan-ies Glass,* Solomoti Gin(lei-, Johii B. Hedges, W. W. Hildebrand, Harvey Haugli, James K. lIaii-il'Iton, Petel- Horiisberger, Levi Hatcher, Ilari-ison Huff, David Harps,* Arthur Hurley,* N. HolliNtugh, Max Hamras, Jottiam Htitcliisoti, Lueellius I'fiill, Ifenry Illgeii, Jolin 1-1. Jamison,* Sarnuel Johns,* Joliii 1-1. Kliiie, Josepli Kane, Milo Kains, George Keller," Williaiii Liiiiber, William Lockart,A. L!td(i, Jacob Layton, Johii lAowstetter, Benj,Aniin Lee, Constan tine Lits, Ttioiiias Lijiiber, Ileiiry C. Luce, A. J. Lineberger, Tliomits Lowry, Jolin 31iller, George lvliller, Mcluird Morrison, Frimcis Marron, Deiiiiis Monnihan, Wrefor(I IVIadge, Tdyfon Bi. Moo(ly, Ebe-iiezer Milter, Jolin M:itthews, D. Moniflhai),'I' Hotiry Marshall, Joshth McFarland, D. M. 3le-Millan, W. S. McClelland, M. McUauglilfii, Williaiii Fl. McCaslin, JoIin R. McConnell,* Phinvas Poiid, lietil'y Powell, Williaiii Price,'rhotnas Roach, 31'icliae-I Ryan, Patrick Rolierty, Edwiii S. Rtiodes, Edwin 1-1. Rickert, Gottleib Schriiidt, Samiiel Stull, Joliii Siiiith, William Stewart, Tiloiiia-, Sullitiian, Petei- Snyder, Williim Si-qder, C. B. Salsbury, Ttiotyias Stewart, Caleb Sodders, John Siiiitli, Isaac Shiiltz, Joliti C. Thompson, Tlioiiias Tliomton, George Teiiliollow, Samuel Tlion-1pson, E. C. Thompson, A. S. Thompson,* flirain Thoiiipson,* Cliarles Tammer, Joseph Uriiison, Anibrose Viiieerit, Ezra H. Wiggins, John Widdall, Samuel Wilson, Henry C. Wells, A. J. Woodbiiry, -ivlllo Wliite, Aiiios Wllite, Henry S. Wilson.* Gom_pany E.-Reci-tiited in Alle-honvand 3lercer Counties. Captairis, James B. Moore, Wm. S. Ebberman, ELlson J. Rice,* Edgar Williaiiis EINs C. Sti-ouss; First Lietitenants, Henry Mitchell,,:1- Johii W. Parks, Thomas J. Crossley, Jolin A. Silliiiiati; Secotid Lieutenant, Josepli 1-1. Freeman; Sergeants, George E. Kellogg, Williiini D. Miirry, Rex Brown, Jitnies R. Kerr, Jolirl W. Willdnq, Walter E. Rice; Corporals, 1VIaiiric(i DoTiovati, James W. lltitiiiiiet-, Jolin D. McIntire, Adam Wert, Wolford Case, Johii C. Marsh, Peter C. McAyoy, Abe-I L. Marsh; Privates, John Anderson, James Arche-t-, Betjamin Aiiderson, F. S. Anderson, Artliur W. Banks, Moses 13oyer, William J. BroNvii''William H. Btichanan, Patt-lclc Bourlie, Alfi-ed G. Burnett, Colulilblis Beer, James W. Bnrns,* John W. Burns, William Citrey, Joliii Coleman,* Robert Carbiitt, James E. Ctirry, John Clark,, Theodore Catlin, John A. Ctissins, Jaiiies Craveii, E. L. CuTininghain, Samuel Crossgrove,* Leander Douse, fliram J. Dyke,* Sanford P. Demsey, David M. Elderkin,* James Flai-ierty, Jantes Frederick, AmIIISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.Stoughton, Gottlieb Sniith, Peter Sliide, Heiii-y Shrepp, William Sti-ohm, Jacob Solar, John S. Spea Ir, 3forris S. Sivain, George Spielman, Michael Storiiis, Samuel S. Smith, Charles Stohl, Daniel Steward, Augustus R. Seiler, C. Schonberger," Jaiiies S. Stewart, Samtiel Stewart, Woodmaii Sample, John S. Saii-iple, Lebias A. Shan,* Samuel E. Stiteler, William Sissler,* Jolin S. Taylor, James Thoburn, Levi Thorpe,* Robert Tate, Robert' M. Tliompson, Itobert Y. Tlioinpsoii, Robert Thorton,* Ira Tiiomas, Saniuel Tintsman, S. J. Wadsworth, Jolin Wallace, James J. Woods, Chai-les Walters, John Walters. William Worthiiigton, Lowis P. Wallace, Thon-las Whalley, Joliii Wolf,* John Wilson, Balthaser Wild, Jonatliaii Yoiing, Thoinas Yates. Coinpany Fl.-Recruited at Pittsbiirgh. Captains, Isaac Wright, Charles H. Brysoii, William H. Rogers, Charles Bl. Cyphers; First Lietiteiiants, Blatthew C. Steele, George B. McKee, Edwttrd 11. Robinson; Second Lieutenaiats, Williaiii Youiig, Wilt Rippey, Albert Reeder, Jolin Caldwell, Augustus R. Seilei-, George P. Barnes; Sergeants, William 11. Phillips, Jaiiies S. BicEiroy, George Garvin, David H. Davis, Kinsley Stepheils, David A. Carr, William A. Allison, Jaii-ios Calhoun; Corporals, George Borland, Wesley A. Young, Andrew Nroegtly, George S. Blanset, Lewis Yosler, Jaiiies 31illigan, Frank L. Blair, William 3filler, George Armer, Jonas INI. Cook, Giles Leoiiard, Bowen L. Hunter, Robert Kennedy; Musiciaiis, John B. Findley, Alexaiider Graham; Privates, Robert Allison, Alartin Andrews, James Adams, Williain A. Adams, Johii Aughenbaugh,": Cyrtis Adsit, William Allier, James Baker,. Cyrus Bl. Bittner, William Barnhart, Jet-emiah Barnet, Joseph Bowiiian, Jolin S. Beal, Harman Bai-rone, Elias F. Bittiler, Tlatthias Bowman, Harrispn Burgess, George D.,Brant, John R. Benedict,* Oliver Brooks,* Jonatlian Baker,* Joliii H. Bondy,* Thomas Briceland,* John.Baird, John Brown, Benjamin Buzzard, Heiii-y P. Banlis, George Boyce, Joseph Cable, Adam Cook, Cliarles.E. Cooiis, Samuel Carey, George Cratie, Levi Close, Cyi-iis Carter, Samuel Cavanah, John H. Cotter, William Caiiipbell, Williaiii F. Chalfiant, John Clark, Edward A. Cotter,* Jolin H. Courter, Clark Cuckler, Peter Clark, William A. Cottei-, Charles Cook, Peter Delaney, Tlloiyias Dickson, James Durkin, Sitnon 1-1. Deal, Joseph Davis, Adam Eberhart,"- Williani A. Fitzmorris, Joseph Fritniati, George Fisher, Jules Fabre, William Frazei-, Josepli Gii-idlespai-ger, James Greenwood, John Gailalier, John Gross-, Cyrus Gross, William Gray, Saii-iuel Gi-eeil, Philip Hass, Charles Hamilioiicl, George Hallett, Peter Hiiiies, Daniel Havei-ly, Geoi-ge Hoffii-ian, Adam Hoste'tler,* John Hoobler, Anson Hilkirk, John S. Huliiig, John Ilanson,`- Adaii-i HalTrier, Jolin Heblan, Williaiii Hallett, Henry Ilelfer, 31alcolm Huskin, Heni-y B. Ingham, Stepheii T. Ingham, Soloiiion July, David Keifer, Patrick- Kaiie, Dutrick. Krusa,* James Kennedy, Christian Lepley, David Lenliart, Jolin Lindsay, James Long,* Joliii Little,* James Leecli, William Lutz, Frederick Lelimaii, John H. Miller, Saniiiel W. Bliller, Ediiiond Mondan, Daniel Bliirpliy, William H. Bliller, Jolin Maiigus,* Theodore Aliteliell, W. 1-1. McLaughlin, William lNlcMillati, James McDonald, James McCullough,* J. E. INIcKillup,:;- John 1NIeClay,.Dennis 3lcCartney, Anthony TdcNally, Jacob Otto, Geot-ge O'Brien,* John Oakes,-: Edmond Owens, William Orris, Cornelius O'Conner, Christopher Pifer, John Pryoi-, Richard C. Pomery, William Pryor, Peter F. Quinn, Isaiah Rolgers, Williain Rosi, Geor-e Reiber, RllftIS ROSeDgrantz, Johii Reitz, Thomas Roclgers, Alfred Rawl-, J. C. Ridgway, Ebenezer Rouglit, Alfred T. Stanton, Samtiel Stitet's, WilliaDi Snell, Josepli Seibert, Blich(tel SullivaD, David L. Simons, William 1-1. Smith, Rexilord Stephens, William Shoemaker, Pliilai-ider Story, -Jacob Sweet, Suiiiii-iers Stark, John Sarver, Heiiry Swank, David Swindles,:I` George Sprout,"- Joseph Seville,", Thoiiias Silk,:` Lea W. Stevens,* Sebastian Tersine, Joseph Tressler, Harvey B. Taylor, Adaii-i Tanhart, Jackson Tobias,?Nlichael Tobin,* William Taiiin-ly, Thomas Upci-aft, Jolir) Uperaft, George Urbin, Josepli Vic.toria, John W. Vickers, John Wagiier, Jolin Williaiiis, Josepti Wigley, Robert D. Whitten, Normail B..Wil,l, Dennis Wilt, Williani Warrei), Peter R. Weyiiian, Charles Weston,* John Walker,* Wendell Wolfgang,* Williaiii Walker,:"Andrew J. NVard, Tlvloses Woods, Cyrus Widdins, AVilliam Woodford, Absaloiii Yanler, Levi J. Yoder, Adaiii Yamer, Jacob Zearfass, Abraliaiii Zinin-ierman. Cowi)any H.*I-Recruited at Alleglleiiy City. Captain, Horatio K. Tvler; First Lieutenant, Saniuel B. McKoweii; Secoiid Lieutenant, William H. H. Tyl'er; Sergeaiits, Henry Geringer, Lewis Faber, Daniel Clark, James Cuddy, Fredei-ick Faber; Corporals, Alexailder McKee, Josepli Diebold, Cliarles Fredhofer, Frederieli Worfel; Mtisician, Jolin Gormley; -Privates, David Aubei-ger, Jacob Burkey, Frederick Batin, Joseph Burket,'william J. Btirris, Jolia Beck, Decatur Beek, Williaiii B. Bayle,* Thomas Connell, I John J. Clark, Patrick Carr, Jamt-s Dtirkiii, Henry Dariber, Philip Danber, Tliomas R. Doughty, Isaac W. Davis,*'Thomas A. Evans, Nieliolas Fariiiaree, George Farmarce, John Forrester, David Foster, Taylor Fretzer, Reed Fitsel, John Flemiiig, Geot-ge Fress, Charles Feihr, William Frayer, Cyrus Gi-isn-ler, Jolin Gordon, Georgo Gordoii, George Gothart, Adarn Goloy, Jolin Giles, Saniuel Gardner,* Pliilip Harwick, Leonard Harvey, Thomas H. Hiinter, Calvin A. Irwin, Charles F. Jones, Janies M. Kroskey, Alfred Kettle, William T. Kinyan, Robert Long, George H. Laryoii, George Lengenfelts, Leonard Leel, David Lake, Godfrey Lundestatt, Saiiluel P. Marshall, Geoi-ge- P. Marshall, Heiiry C. INlyers, Thomas P. Morrow, Jolin 3leAfee, Joliii Neal, John Noll Jolin Orr-.James L. Otterniaii. John W. Benouf, William H. Ilose, Saniuel G. Ritter, David INI. Ramsey, Robert Robinson, Conrad R. Sny(ler, Adam Schiiltz, Samtiel Sutter, Cliristopher Stuffe, Cliarles Sniitli, George Schlein-'bauch, Williaii-i Sin gley, Gyrenius Sweeny, Cliarles Scott, William Shields,:;- George Tower, Saiiiuel M. Weleli, Jacob lllaSD-10iid, Tlioinas P. Weleli, Frederick WeDsel, I-Iii'aiii Woods, Freclerick Weddle, Christopher'Wolf.* Comi)any Ltt-Recruited in Allegheiiy City. Captain, Isaac Wright;'Fii-st Lieutenant, Williaiii Graham; Second Lieutenant, Frank Bowen; Sergeants, Jolin W. Calvert, G. W. 1NIeCiitcheon, George W. Dawson, Jaiiies 3lulvey, Johii Seli'ridge; Corporals, Jaities Itamsey, Jolin L. Itoltzhouse, Joliii McClelland,Josiah Booth, Benj..Calloway, iNI. S. Alorrow, Jolii-i Ta-gart, Tlios. 3leKee; Privates, Joliii Breen, Samuel Brilliart, BeDj. Bedling, Wm. Beni-iott, Joseph Cricks, Thoiiias Coiinihai), Charles Connihan, John P. Carlin, James Cornelius, Clarence Co\vd(-n, Tliomas Dickson, Jaiiies Donald, William T. Englisli, Daniel Fogle, Alexander Goiirley, Robert W. Gray, Tlionias Gray, Francis A. Grundy, Chai'les GreeD, Josepli Grubbs, Josepli L. Gray, George Gittings, Michael Gittii-igs, Samuel Huchman, Newtoti Huchman, Jacob Hasloy, Edn-iond Halsinger, C. E. Heidleberg, William Jackson, William J. Jones, William Loughey, James Love], George W. Lawson, Thoiiias 31arshall, Williaiii T. INii-ii-phy, Ebenezer Matliews, John Moiland, Jan-ies P. McDonald, James B. McCurdy, Isaac McLaughlin, Lazarus 1NIcEtheny, Jolin 3lcCtitcheon, B. MeNamriiee, Joseph 3icCutelieon, Arthur 3loCanlinon, Johii S. Nevin, John Neely, Abnaham. Orris, William Olivei-, Albert Pratt, William Pickles, Ambrose Pickles, Johii Powers, Pliilip H. Patton, George Parkins, James Purnell, Jolin Quiiin, Isaiah Ross, Henry Ramsey, Jaiiies C. Rundel, Henry B. Rose, Robert Redpath,:- Gporge Sliirley, Madison Steivart, Thomas Sweeny, John H. Stright, Robert Smitli, William Smitli, James Smitli, Tiniothy Sullivan, Christopher Thoma,s, Frederick Tait, John Yanryii, Aric Vaiiryn, Robert Venn, Jonas Willoughby, Daniel Willoughby, Benjamin Willougliby, James Wright, Alexander Wri-ht, Cyrus Whitsel.* Company K.-Recriiited in Allegheny County. Captains, Joseph Gerard,` Louis Hager, Da-vid McClain;.First Lieutenaiit, Augustus A. Hager; Spcond Tjieiitenaiit, John J. Beiiitz; Sergeants, Francis Seliwab, Jacob J. Grubbs, Williaii-i L. Poorti-ian, Ciii-istian Keller, Joseph Cox, Augtistus Isaac, Joseph P. Benedict; Corporals, Alexander Morrow, William Noltzheiiiier, Robert Brown, John Kraelil-io-, Adolpli Dearme, Isadore Slaiisaiir, Christiaii Griiiim, David H. Ford, Jacob Weritz;-- 1NIusicians, Blartin Hager, George Leiitz; Privates, Ileilry Alweser, Adam Bodd, Jacob Burkhardt, Joseph Bernet, Borini G. Beni, Jolin Becker, John Baiidi, Heiiry Bennisky, Jacob Blacli, Jolin Bavid, T. J. Barr,* Jeremiah Castlow, John Crisbine, Joseph Cricks, Jacob Daniel, Joseph Deer, Joseph Eichler,. William Erdinger, Joseph Espy, Andi-ew Eye,* Philip Yaclit, Francis Ferrier, Jacob Fichter, Cliristian Feller, John Guhring, Ilubert Hienn, August Huettel, Micliael Hoffn-lan, Daniel I-lulbi-ler, Francis J. Hanki, John Hare, Michael Isserman, Jacob Jeniiy, William S. Jones, John Klier, Jolin Kopp, Aiigust Krailing, George Krep, Christopher Kreps, George Kirchner, Joseph Kelscli, James M. Keck, Conrad Kenim, Charles Klepsattel, William List, Jolin Linclsey, J. K. Lewis,-I' D. iNiontgomery, Adani Miller, John Mack, Johii Miller, James Maguire, Marinan McDowell, Johii McDonald, James W. McKinley, I-lenry NeNver, Hartman Oclis, illichael Osler, T. H. C. Pooriiian, Ernest Pliit'er, Edward Piersoii, John Ritz, John Iloth, Jollii Jacob Roth, John Renter, Charles Schultz, C. Schleiormacher, Julius Sclimitz, David Schmeiser, 31artin Scliatz, Peter Senii, Augiist Stalley, Cliristian Steiiier, John Schroaf, Burkhardt Seiii, Charles Schmidt,* Henry Scliii-ierker, Josepti llictoria, flenry Yolkert, John Yolkert, George Waclier, Jaii-ies Wilson, Christian Wedekind,Jacob Wissi-i-ian, Johii Weyer, Jacob Yost. Xeiv Company 1C.-Recruited in Alleglieny City. Captain, 1-lenry Scriba; First Lieutenant, J. R. I-qurpliy; Secoiid Lieutenant, Charles Weayer; Sergeants, Janies N. McClaren, George Kiii-iberly, Jacksoii Propliater,'Marshall D. Taylor, Dayid 1-lill; Corporals, William R. Oweii, James Joyant, John Haynes, Miellael Clair,.James Canaan, Charles Wertieberg, Moritz Meyers, Jolin W. Pell; Privates, John fl. Barb, Heni-y Barth, Daidel Bear, San-iuel Baker, John S. Blayney, George Bly, James A. Bowan, Wm. B. Browii, William Brown, William H. Clark, Edmoiid Curgalir, Williaiii Doiiald, Jolin Donald, Thoi-lias Dowling, Jolin Flyiin, George Firdeii, Albert J. Ferguson, Jolin Grist, Jocob Hauff, Andrew Hackett, George Hess, Robei't Hebling, ilieliael Howlet, Thomas Hooley, Ileilry 11. Hoffiiiaii, Samuel I-Itintei-, James Jomplirey, Gaylord Jackson, Jonah J. Jones, Heiiry Kaiser, Frederick Kimbei-ly, Jolin Kiii-, J. Klinginsiiiith, Alois Keonicli, Henry Keiinedy, Samuel Kenyon, Johii Lairzapli, Aaroi-i Louglliier, Edward Lindsey, John Lucker, Henry Luckert, Jolin Matz, Albert Miller, Johil MeCIiire, William BleGuire, Patrick TIcNichols, Alexander Park, Matthew Patterson, Heilry Pryor, George Reecl, Louis Seyniore, James Stillivan, William Sheets, Wilbert Shearer, Geor,e Spriiiger, Williaiii 1). Stem, A. Strausburg, Pllilip Sparmaii, Alexai-ider Stewart, Albert V. Simpson, Peter Sweeny, Samuel H. Steiner, Williaii-i Shook, John Thomas, Gibson D. Trinible, Da-vid Uppern-ian, Richard G. Watsoii, Frank Wickliine, Janies E. Willianis, Johii Young. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT. Coloiiels, Samtilel W. Blatck,* J. Bowman Swveitzer; Lieutenaiit-Colonlel, T. Frederichi Lehman. Coi1xalmny A.-Recruited in Alle-henly Coiinty. Catptatins, Jauies C. Hull,:i- James BroNvn,: X William CriderF'irst Lieultenants, RAobert N. Scott, Alfr ed 1McDoi-iald, J. D. Walkinsh(aw - Sergatnts, Jonatlian Doer, ThoIlias Woods, REichai-d B. Geyers, Archibald Clianibers, Joliii P. iMcHendry, Robert SNvan, George P. Steck, Saiiiuel K. Forsyth; Corporals, WNilliai- K. Sincelair, Joseph P. Willisoll, Joseph J. Craicrftf', Charles S. Gibsonl, M1asonl Prophatei-, Williaii-i Boycl,-,Francis MI. Craig, Pliilip D. MNiller, Jacob B. Funk,4: Tlioiiias C.'Harper;** Muisician, Jolin A. Irwin; Privates, James K. P. Boyer, Johnl Battes, Jolhn BryTson, Geoi-ge C. Caruthers, John R. Crowvlino-, Williai-i- W. Caiii, Joseph B. Caiii, Joseph Catin, Williain D. Carlin, Williamll Clawvson, Eclwarcl Campbell,* Sanford Clemei-is, Jaines Campbell, James Cairi, EIarrison Casey, Williaii-i A. Chatrlton, S. K. Carnaghatn, Clarlh Davis, John Dollinds, Hollancl Fletchler, Joseph Frewv,* Joseph C. Goiirley, James DE. Giles, John B. Garret, John Gotthart, Robert George, John Gross, Saiiiuel Hamilton, Jaiies A. Herbert, James N. Henry, David Henry, T. M. Heiidersoii, Sarriuel F. Herr, Joseph Holmes,'* Robert Halre, Charles F. Jones, Edwvard B. Kenly, Joseph Lindsay, John Laverty, Gottlieb Loeffler, Henry Lepler, Robert M1iller, Leonard MaissaickS, Janlles R. Martin, Adam G. MIilby, Cuirth's H. Miersch, William C. My ers, Janies Moore, William Mlztgarary, Alexander Moffatt, Jamnes A. icgarattat, George Menkeri, Andrewv J. 1VlcKiiiley, Barlet W. AleIcCire, Williaml MIcCarter, Williami S. 1McGeary, Pruissia K. 1McCleani, T. J. BIeWhiinneyt, Thomas B. Neely, Sidney Robb, Lewis Rinn, William 13. Ray, Algernon Robb, Johi-i Ray,*i Jamles W. Rtobinson, George Roeilliglc, Charles Siiyder, David Sampgle, Albanus L. Stroud, Edwvin Spraguie, Allen Stewart, Johlt D. Siiiilit, Samuel R. Spence, Robert Scott, Williaml G. Tuirrley, Jamies Tudhope, Hiigh Teets, Geor-fl Warnock, Artlhur Ward, Joseph Wriglit, Thoiiias R. Woods,* Samuel Williams. Conipany B.-Recruited in Allegheny County. Captaiiis, Janies W. Patterson, William J. Salisbury, Mattliew Ml. Felker; First Lieultenants, Samuel MNcKee, John A. M. Seitz; Second Lieutenant, Thoiinas D. MvcLeani; Sergeants, John A. Erb:e, Henry B. McCurry, John Conner, Peter Becliler, Robert E. Steen, William E. McKee; Corporals, James McCormick,, Edwvard Eu. MNiller, Thomas tIcCully, M1. Baldersber-er, Johli W. Benlnett. William R. EGlliott, Tllomas Lewvis, August Pfle-har, Jacob Pastor itis, Jolin SnyTder, Jolin Hioffman,:" Thorlias D. Jones;* 1Mutsician, Coilracl Dittmere; Pi-ivates, Thomacs Ackerniautl, Saniluel J. Alexatnder, Jacob Borklebaugli, James Bryaiit, George Beher, Daiiiel Borrett,": Williaiii Borrett, Josepli P. Brubalcer, James 11). Campbell, John Comp, Cliarles Dittmere, Jolin Dougherty, Saii-iuel Do-wns,: Evan Evans, Reese W. Evans, Edward Ensell, Abediiego Foley, Oliver G. Fleiiiing, Thonias Granger, Pati-ick Gilchrist, Jolin R. Greene,* David W. Hutchiiison, Pliilip Iloerr, J-olin I-lorn, I-leiiry Haiiimersley, David Harris, Loi-enz Heaver,-"- G. liazelbart, Heiiry Hoop,* Joliii Israel, Thomas F. Irwin, Oweii Jones, Richard Jones, Thon-lag Johnson, Adani Kunkle, Ludwick Keef'er, Antone Kerr,.Williani W. Kiiotts, Eriiest G. Krelian, 0. 1VIcKee Kennedy,* Saniuel Knarr, Francis A. Lai-ier, James Little, Charles Larkin,"11 G. W. T. Levake,* Leoiiard Moritz, Christ Xoleter,* William F. 31organ, John Montgoniery,:- William Mankidick, Alex. iNlcQuade, John T. McCurry, John MeCullough, M. H. IVIcLauglilin, Arthut- Noble, James Oiislow, Alartin Pipher, Martin Race, C. Rodenbaugh, Albert Smitli, Johii 11. Sttlisbury, Jollii Spellitian, Jacob Snyder,* Johii Sliiiniail, Henry Schn-link, George Stiyder, Williaiii Stichaun, Matthew Sankey,-" Francis Sanliey, J. 1NI. Upperman, James E. Unks, Tllomas Vau'--hn, Willian-i Veriier, JohD Wagner,* Leonard Weidner, John E. Williams, Frederick Winkle,* Joseph Wilsoii, Elias Willianis, George Williams, Matthias Zeigler. Company F.-Recruited at Pittsburgh. Captain, Edwarcl S. Wright; First Lieiitenants, John R. T. Noble, Johri R. Wilson; Second Lieutenant, Wni. J. Patterson; Sergeants, George Coehran, Augiisttis Cocliran, Bermard Coll, Joliii A. Bougher, Charles Seager, Jolin Wrigley, Jaiiies S. Wi-ight, Alfred H. Askiii, Thonias 11. Hall, Williani S. Hill,* William H. Shaffer; Corporals, Tlioma-, G. Davis, Patriclr, McAllister, Daniel Scobie, George L. Apple, Heiiry Cockran, Williani R. Seitz, William. Siiiall, Clintoi-i McMahon, Alexttnder 3leCabe, John G. Shei-lein, William Speeliyian, Henry Rtick, Jacob Buney' * Edward Brown;* Blusicians, Ricliard Cooper, Benjamin Barker; Privates, Thomas Alexander, Peter Abbott, William Bradley, Saniucl Brown, Raphael Beiter, Thoii-ias Byriies, Henry Byi-nes, Jolin Bxiriis, James W. Clarlc, Palmer C. Coates, Samuel H. Clark,SamtielH.Clark,4;Willi,,tm -Divine,F.ill.Donaldson,JosepliDevlin,*William H.Dunn,* CharlesD. Ebdy, Levi Etirenrich, Ifei-iry Freker, John C. Flemon, John G. A. Fries, Robert Frinifrock,* William H. Fortuiie, Charles Gat-ber, George B. Gray, Williain 1. Gratiam, Peter Gilner, Frank Hansel, David Harley, Anson B. Harper, Lewis Hanch, Jaines M. R. Harris, Johil N. Ilanch, Cliarles E. Hubbs, Jaiiies Hagan, John A. Hanimer,* Squire H. Hayden, Willian-i Hall, 1-fenry Heinaman, Josepli Jordan, J. N. Jones, John Kelly, Willia-ni T. Kelly, Charles Kelly, Jacob King, Philil) Knaiii-, Christian Kiiig, David Keefer, John Kuiikle, Artliur Kay," David Little, William A. Ly-nch, William Lephai't, Williani B. Little, Samuel Al. Little,* John Leasure,* William H. Lewis,* Janies Moore, Joseph J. Morgan, Tliomas D. Morgan, Hugh Madison, Patrick Moonan, Johri Masterson, James T. Morton, Edward 31. 31artin, Charles W. Martin, D,arby Murphy,* Robert C. Myers,*- James McCoy, George McDevitt, William McDavid, Jaines MeDavid, Jolin McFarlaud, Jolin H. 1VIcKee, Patrick McFerran, H. N. G. Nuttin-, Tlioiiias Neil, Edward O'Conner, Robert Otterson'::'. James O'Donnell,* Cl-iarlos Osbortie, Jolin O'Dontiell, Williaiii Pritice, Joseph Pohler, John N. Rotlirock, Williaiii Ray, John Riley, George Seitz, Garrett Seyiiioiir, Samuel Siddons, Peter Siveeney, Matthew Sinnott, John V. Spaliiian, Johii C. Sample, Robert Stewart, Williani B. Sinith, Jolin Sliaffer, Josepli Sherran,-"- Christian Swan,:;Jolin E. Savage, William C. Smitli, Jolin G. Thomas,:: Augiist Viethorn, William Vandever, J. R. Weisei-iboi-ii, Robert Wallier, James E. Weaver, Sargent Weed, Henry K. White, Peter Wilsoii. Company G.-Recruited in Alleglieny County. Captains, Frank C. O'BrieD, William Kennedy; First Lieutenants, Scott C. McDowell, William Phillips; Second Licutenaiits, Adan-i E. Sinitli, Charles Seibert; Sergeants, ];icholas Seibert, Walter H. Beeson,-- Janies J. Ricketts, Joseph Mine.k, Franlc Fisher, Thoiiias Hammill, James P. Green, Joseph J. O'Brieii, Jacob Myers;::- Corporals, Alonzo Kelly, Geor-o B. Gissiiiger, Jacob C. Roll, Amos S. 1VIessinier, Adam INloffitt, Aiidrew J. Ball, Isidore 31urr, John Y. C. Bell, Robert Erwin, Henry R. Clowes, George A. Stewart, Cliarles P. McKillip, Alex. Spenier; Musicians,John Bryaii, Cliarles Hill; Privates, James C. Agnew, Robert Adarns, Rudolph Andre, George W. Buchanan, Willis T. Benedict, Fraiicis Brown, jDavid Brown, Saiiitiel E. Brown, Thomas Brown, Gabriel Barnhart, William Bannon, Jaiiies F. Bullinger,:'- San-itiel H. Barnes,* Solonion Boyd,'- Thomas Bell,*John C. Bortmass,"IJohn F. Bi-iiner, Jolin Cald-'%vell, John B. Cliapman, Andrew D. Caughey, Jacob Cocher, Joliii Camp, George Corson, Oliver M. Christy, Williamson Christy, Ai-idrew P. Cliristy, Samuel Clark, John Campbell, James E. Caiiipbell, Joseph A. Can-ipbell, Charles M. Campbell, Itobert F. Campbell, Stephen Connor,:: William Chapman,* Samuel Ci-oss, Samuel Crocker, Fi-aijk Conierford, John Davies, Johii Davis, James Donohue, Tlionias Dolan, Cliarles Dunbar, Thos. English, Sainuel Edwards, Adani Ehin, Johil Evans, Abel Fisliei-, Jolin Fisher, Atidrew Farley, Robert W. Ferguson, George S. Fries, Williain J. Fawcett,-" Matthias Fisher,,-- Cline Force,!" Edward Gazzani, Johil Gracey, Sai-nuel L. Grier, Georgo W. Gilchrist, George W. Graham, Jo-fin T. Groves,* Jan-ies Greeii, Loiiis Hoi-st, Andrew G. Heiiry, Andrew 31. Htitctlinson, John 31. Hutehiii-son, Isaac C. Hill, Richard K. Hill, Charles C. Hem, Williaiii Hazlett, Jeremiah Harper, Fergus Hutchison,* William Jones, Cyrus L. Jan-iisoii, Ifiram Johnson, Sainuel B. Kennedy, James Kauffman, David IV. Lefease,* Joseph Meeoy, Robert C. 31urtlan, George E. Miller, Tlieodore Marsh, Jacob Myers,'-, Christian J. Meurer,* James W. 3leCandless, David W. McCombs, Andrew McIlvain, Alexander INIeCiirdy, Joliii E. McGovern, Samuel McCall, Williaiii McCoy,'.' Jacob McMasters, Charles McCampbell, Joseph Orr, Williani P. Phelan, Louis C. Pierce, James W. Potter, William Patterson, William Powers,"Richard V. Pare, Siiiitli Reed, Robei-t M. Rodgers, Oliver P. Reynolds, Felix Ri-issell, Tlioinas Ruth, Saiiiuel Ruth,* Jonkin Reese, Johii Stewart, Charles Sullivan, Alartin S. Ste,,vart. Peter Shorgert, Antliony Stornip, Nelson Sutton, Williaii-i Shahley, Alfred J. Sias, George W. Sias, Oliver P. Steveris, George W. Thoiiipsoii, William J. Tiniblin, Thomas T. Thompson, Thomas Thomason,* Jaii-ies Trimbling,.Joseph Wilson, William White, Joseph A. Weller, John C. Wick, Iliraiii H. Wills, Isaac Worceberger, John D. Wa-ner, George Williams, William A. Wasson, Cliristian Zeither. Company H.-Recruited in Allegheny County. Captains, Tliomas Espy, Samuel Coniier; First Lieiitenants, Isaac Hultz, Saiiiuel 31. Adams;* Second Lieiitenants, Williaiii Longdoii, John D. Saiiters; Sergeants, Janies Espy, Thonias D. Douglass, Jolin T. Fife, Samuel S. BleFarlaiie, Jessc- S. Espy, lsyael P. Hultz,::' Cliaries Cochran,* Wilson MeCiilly; Corporals, M. 31. Beltzhoover, Wasliington C. Neel, William S. Wallace, Jared B. Fife, James Rankin, William Walker, Robert 1VI. Long,* Janies L. Graliani,*- Williani H. Conuer,* John T. Freeman;* Privttes,, John L. Anderson, Thomas E. Biirt, John A. Berry, Daniel Beltzhoover, Eli C. Bower, Joshua Bi-own, Benjamin Bizzard, Noble C. Cowan, Joseph Coiicli, James T. Coucli, Henry Croco, Edward Cox, Alexander Coulter, Daniel Chambers, Willian-i Clemenston,",' William Coxen,* Barnet B. W. Drake, Jacob Debalt, Andrew DI. Driggs, Johii B. Drake,* James Dunnigan," Tlionias Davis,* Jolin Evails, William Eich, Charles Evans,* William J. Fife, Joseph Fisher, George W. Freeman, Johnstoi-i A. Fife, Janies 31. Foreman,* Jaiiies E. Fife,* Jolin Griffiths, William Gibson, Isaac E. Graham, Robert Gatenby, Willian-i Gutlirie, Joseph Gibson, Beiijamin F Gray,* Joseph S. I-lope, BeDjainin Hillman, Christopher I-lyser, Johii R. Hastings, William Hill, Marshal M. Hultz. John P. Hultz, John INIcHilliard J. B. Hilliard, Joliii Hays,* H. 0. Hailinary,* Willian-i H. Hastings,* Clem. Hagerman, Johi-i A. Irwin, Reuben 31. Irwin, Johii Jones, Amos Jones, David R. Lyon, George Llewellyn, Abrani Leyda, Tiioiiias 1-1. Lynch, Josepli F. Lii-ihart, Riellard Loudiman,* Milton Lyiieh, Jacob Loi-enz, William Mercer, Thonias INteri-itts, 31. H. W. McClure, James 3leGrogen, William McClease, J. H. McCormick, John Norris, Thomas Nelson, George 0. Neel, George Orris, George Peters, Alva Pollock, William Patterson, Valentine Poff, Williani Pare, Danicil Plunier,* Cyrus Plumer,* Andrew Rankin, Samuel Reed, Robert 31. Rankin, Stewart Reinman, Epliraiiai Reece, Moses Ryan,* William A. Roberts, Joliii Slacker, John M. Stark, Charles Siiyder, Fredericlc Smith, R. C. Sickman, Josepli Scheible, Samuel E. Sloan, John N. Sloftn, Lyciirgus Sloan, Tliomas W. Steel, Thomas N. Thomas, Hiram Taylor, Edward Vanwinkle, Joseph M. Wallace, William Wilson, Evan 0. Williaiiis, Thomas E. Wilson, Thomas C. Wilson, Jolinston G. West, Isaac Wonier, Samuel A. Youiig, Henry Yeardley, John Young, John Zecho. Company K.-Recruited in Allegli eiiy County. Captains, Alexaiider W. NeDoiiald. Ed. W. Timn-lony; First Lieutenaiits, Alvin Kirig, George, E - Berger; Second Lieuteliants, William D. Wrighter, Josiah P. Mouck;* Sergeants, Geoi-ge Wylie, James A. McGrew, William INI. Lemmon, H. C. Armstrong, Cliarles H. Kemps, George M. Evans, Henry Stimple; Corporals, Joseph Steval, David Richiiiond, Williaiii H. Freesell, Somerville Keeps, Joseph CQiiehiever, George Deaves, C. B. Falinestock, A-Ligust Myers, James M. Coulter; ILI-Lisician, Samuel Cook; Privates, INloses Arthur, Blatthew Burke, James Bowie, John Boycl, John B. Baker, William Blakeley, William Bignell, Williani Buchanan, James Blake, Montgomery Cooke, Thomas Canfield,* Henry Coonce, Harvey L. Cooiice," James Coi-ton, Isaac Confer, Elijah Crall, Williain Chapinan, George Crawford,* Robert Duff, John Dougherty, H. H. Eckeriroad, Jolin A. Freese, Jos. W. Flei-ii-ielien, Joshua Fox,* Josiah Fleger, Jolin L. Garren, Isaac Gormley, Thonias Graham, Antone Gabriel, Johi-i Gavin, Willian-1 Gibbs, John Gross,* Josiah Gosley, Sat'nuel. M. Gaitible, Willian-i Glendenin, Charles Gwenin, William I-leiining, James Hyiids, 3lesliech Haywood, Francis F. Ilerr, Peter Hemininger, Michael Hoffmai-1, Willian-i H. Herr, Williani Innian,': ThODias C. Jones, John Jolinston, David 11. Jacks, William Keefer,* George Kirkner, Jolin Kulinsey, Sterley J. Lemn-ion, Bloses Lozelle, Eli Lindeberger, Jaii-ies Mttloy, Rieliard iNlurpliy, Jacob Martin, Frederieli Minellart,"' Robert Tdilby, Michael 3furpliy, Jolin Mange], Samuel W. INIorrison, James llagee, Abrahain M Iler, Daniel INlilliron, Williai-ii A. 3loore, Andrew INlorrison, William BIcCormick, Daniel INIcKee, Theodore BleCain, Jefferson McLean, George W. TvicKindley, Robert McChessney,* Thonias 3leElroy, Jaii-ies McMillen, Andrew 31c'Vaugh, Thomas McIntire, Jolin C. ileCullou-Ii, Tliomas McCaskey,, Joliii N. Nesbit, Williaiii Nelson, Nathan Ostheimer,* Morach Oswalt, Charles Poli(trt, Thompson Pattersoii, Frederick Ilexroad, John W. Reynolds, Robert Rollison,* Jolin G. A. Rano, Josepli Rhitie, IVilliani Stoops, Thomas Orr Scott, George A. Silispson, Richatrd Simpkin's, Richlard Sniith, Robert Stari-, Philip Serena, Williavm Serena, Jolin Shehan, John MI. O. Smlith, Isaatc Thompson, Danliel H-. Tliorpe, James Tracy,-- Williamll C. Tocld, Daniel Towse, Carr Truxall,; Sll Samuel Upcratft, Jesse Uperafft,' Steplieii L. Voganl, Williatlil Weaver, Robert Whitaker,* Lewis Workmian, Robert Wilby,* Cyrus Workmanctn- Silas Wrighlt,* Thoiiias Wri-lht, Eidward C. Walsli, John Woods Frederick Weitimanl, Thomas B. Wliite, P.ttrick Welch, Frank Wilson, Johnl Youlng, Lewvis Young, Henry Zeely. Comj)ansy L.-Recruited at Pittsburgli. Captains, Sliepley IR. Holmes, Detrick Gruiitz * First Lieutenants, J. iE. Cunningham,~': Joseph Akldred, Joseph H. Brownl, Williaiii E:. Web)er; Ser-feanits, Geor-re Ksillmer, Jacob Florey, Peter Briiiclle, Thomas Keena1n, Peter Steii-iler; Corporals, 1l-enry Bonishire, Peter Phillips, George Bradley, hiorris Kelly, Williamn Slocuim, Mfissick lFoley, George Sniith, Dennlis Heapley, Jolinl Hershmlan, Jeremiah Mliirplly, Williaml Tuceker, San-mlel. Thursby,* George Workcs,'' Peter MIooder;* Musici.ans, Jacob Shenlkel, Benjaimin MIorgan, Williani Clifford; Privates, George Armisburg, Saiiiuel iA1. Brubaker, James Bilyer, WVilliam B9oydl, Lysander Bageley, Hill Black. R. Bleadingheiser, C. Bleadiiigheiser, Cliarles Buick, Charles Balzer, Adolph Bankerd, John Bliim, Volney Ball, George Bonshire,* Ft-ancis Bagley, Joseph Cole, Reuben Chafee, Jeremliah CDorsin,* Abashe Cowenl,* Willialm Coulelough, William Duvall, William Dowvns, P}iilip Demiiiel, Jolin Doring, George Dawson, Henlry Erbe, Peter Grimm, William Grein, Jolhn Harrow, Henry H-eiiry, MIilford Harris, Jacob Hare, ESrnest Hare, Ross Hexenbatugh, George Haas,:' Christopher Hare, John Hager,* Orlando M. Jones, Elnathan Kirby, William KVerchller, Jacob Karch, Martin Knittle, Fraiicis Kerrer, M1elcher Kimm,* Johii Lon-, I-Ieiiry A. Levake, George Lutz,: J. H. Litliead, August 1Metzell, George 1Morley, Henlry Miller, Robert Morley, Jacob MIack,' John Mlathers,": Rush M1organ, Jolhn S. lNIcFarlanld, George McIntosh,* Mikle Pastorius, Jolin Puff, Jaimes Plunkett, George Rich, John B. Robinlsoin, Patrilck Rtogers, Jacob Rich, Henry Swveilkert, Datvid C. Steward-, Jacob Steinbrecht, Charles Shearing, Joseph Shuck, Thioiiias Shields, Jeremiah Siinith, C. Stephenson, Il-enry Slocum, Johnl Schwvartz, Ailllos W. Savage, William Thomas, Bei-ijamliii Thomas, Johii Taylor, Frederick Tliomas, Hienry Thomson, Robert Tarr, Williani Tucker, John Thursby,* IHenry C. Tafel,* Oliver Williams, Johii Williaiiis, G. Weiseliberger, Peter Wilson, Jolhi Wehinler,* Adam Young,* Fred. Zimmermanl. SIXTY-THIRD REGUNIENT. Coloiiels, Alexander l-ays, A. S. M. Morgan. CMo?n.pdny A.-Recruited in Allegheny Couiity. Captainls, J. M. C. Berringer, William Smith.:' Williaiii P. Hunker; First Lieutenanlts, Saii-iuel L. I'edan, Isaac IMills; Second Lieutenant, Wlll. N. Haymaker, Albert *4Newv collipany, assignled Miarch, 1865. tt Ibid. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNTSYLVANIA.0. Laufniaii; Ser'eants, Jaines C. Qtiiiiter, Johii A. Young, Daiiiel Oslz-ins, Frank Shafer, James L. Paul, George Gibson, Rudolph J. Marti, Isaac McKeag; Corporals, Jolin Hayinaker, Tliomas M. Sliannon, Aaroil Ctilbert, Jolin McCutcheon,* Robert _.Murray,;,- John M. Kindig, James Miller,:" Charles A. 3leCosli, Jesse Morris, Jacob R. Long, George Hoerr; iitisiciaiis, Wm. H. Morrow, John illbntgomery; Privates, John W. Adal-lis, J. M. Anderson, Robert Bates, Milton H. Barnett, Williani F. Bitiier, Joliri Boyle, Jolin Bickerton, John Becker, Oliver P. Boyd, John Bulger, Andrew J. Brown, Patrick Bii rtis, David Burkey,:-i' W. H. Bercher,"" R. Barr, Robert Campbell, Williaiii W. Cleeland, George Colston, SamLiel Cable, Alfred Cable, Jai-nes Creighton, Hezekiah Craig,* Saii-iuel Detrick, Eli R. DoNvler, F. Deal,': ll'illiam Davidson, Janies 0. Delp, Francis Davis, Jol-iii 11. Dempsey,* Thomas Davis, Francis Dunbar, Matthew Eagleson, Jacob Fry, Alpheus Fry, James Fair, Samuel Free, John Fleming, E. N. Funk,* David Free, Peter Geiger, Heiiry T. Gaterinati,* Janies Gracey, Robert H. Glenn, Hei-iry Gardner, Washington Gee, Lawson Greeii, Michael Hayniaker, Abraham Heisley, James Hare, George Hollenback, John Hiieli, Saii-iuel I-lamilton, Clirist. Haltzhouse,4: Thomas Hadden, Jan-ies Hutton,* Frauk Hoffmaii, Matthias Hessy, Wm. W. Hays, JOIID H. Holly,* Peter Hani-niill, Jonathan Jaineson, Tlioiiias KeDny, Cyrus Kunkle, Robert J. Linton,* J. W. Leech,* John Lehmire,* David B. Ludwick,* Aaron Linderman,* Nathaniel Lowry,* Andrew Miller,* Janie-s Murphy, fIenry Marquett, 3latthew Mitchell,* James Maxwell,"' James Miles, Tliomas iNliller, Henry 1NIoffltt, J. W. Moi-ris, William 3torris, Robert MeWillianis, Corrielius McCoy, James MeAtee, James McCullough, Irwin McCtitcheoii, William AicKeloy, Samuel McNeal,* David AlcKibbeii, Wm. J. McClelland,* C. W. iIcCutcheon, Jas. A. McFadden, Johri McCutie,* Johil McTaggart,* James O'Neill, Samuel Painter,? Dayid Parry,* John A. Ryan, Alartiii Scott, Samuel Stout, George W. Smith. Robert Scott, Ilerilian Sneer, George J. Stiles, Robert Sliull, Saniuel K. Shipley, James A. Shawl, Frederick Sallady,'- Harry Shafer,* Frederick Shillirig,'- Harry D. Thompson, Jaiiies R. Troiit, Joseph M. Thompson,* Henry 1. Ton'ler, W. Dallas Trotit, Samuel H. White, Joseph Wolford, I-enry Wtlite, John L. Ward, Lewis A. West, Johnston Wilson,': William Wilson, Joseph Young,:' Yast Yemny.* Company B.-Recruited at Pittsburgh. Captains, Wm. S. Kirkwood,* Tim. L. Maynard,* Robert A. Nesbit; First Lie-Litenants, James S. Powers, David A. Strachan;* Secoiid Lieutenants, Samuel P. Taylor, Jolin S. Stevenson; Sergeants John L. Hays, John Willianis, Geor-e F. Hoiise, Williain J. Draher, Johii H. Lefevre; 5 71 Corporals, Samtiel Henry, Joseph Clowes, John Evaiis, Wni. H. 3lcLqren, Johii Aloyle, C. M. Stipple,:: John Baird, Charles P. King; Privates, Robert C. Black, Benj. F. BLitterfield, Williaii-i T. Blaclc, George M. Clelaiid, Anthony Collier, Leslie T. Craner, George Dtiphorn, Geoi-ge M. Drither, Joseph Grubbs, Aner B. Hull,* Williaiii Irwin, James M. Johnson, Alfred 11. Jones, Harmed D. Lawson, Jacob Lonebaugh, Joseph Lawhead, BeDj. illillfieizler, Matthew T. Murray, William 1VIooney, Robert M. Morton,, Edward McCorkle, James McCutch'en, James H. McClaren, Aiidrew P. McCleary,* James McCarnaha, James lvlcillullen, James S. Portel', Beiijamiii Raiiisay, Williaii-i Sprin-er, John W. Smith, William A. Scott, John Truby, John L. Trent, Joseph Titus, Shadrack Williams, John Wotf. Company C.-Rect-uited at Pittsb-Lii-gh. Citptains, Jason R. Hanna, Charles W. Taylor, George W. Gray, George Weaver; First Lieutenants, Joseph A. Schonlaw, James S. Wilson, Robert Darragh; Second Lieutenailt, George W. Kettenburg; Sergeants, Heiiry Kelley, flenry Hurst,* David H. Gibson, Henry Kettenburg, Richard G. Warden, lVlilo iNi. Boyle,* Fi-aiik L. Graham,* John Bush, Alatthew Shope;* Corporals, David Lessig, James R. Temple, Samuel L. Fridiger, Samuel Hart, Josiah Kapple, George Warden, Daniel Stone, John Stone,* William H. Patterson;* Musicians, Charles Cross, Andrew Stedhain; Privates, Johri Ashbaugh, Heiiry Aleman, Jos. B. Alexander, Robert Allison, Thomas Andrew, Geoi-ge A. Browii, Levi Btisli, Cliarles L. Brooks, Dailiel Booser, Esau Broad, Tkion'las Brooks, William Bliss,-',, Louis Broacl, Jolin Banitner, Samuel Brown, James Caniion, Garrisoii Cole, George Castler, William Childs, Craig Carnerry, Jolin C. Church, L-Like Chapman,* John Craver, Samuel Depew, Ttiomas Dimond,* Henry E. Davis,* Richai-cl T. Dityis, J-osepli Davis, Jaiiies Day, James Deveriiiy, Robert C. Doiids, Andrew Eictier, James Early, Asa B. Ecoff, Williaiii H. Fetter, Geo. D. Fuiikhousei-, Orrin A. Frink, Thomas Garnet-, Williaiii Garbenstine, Geot-ge W. Graha-in, George Gilson, David A. Glass, Heiiry Hess, George W. Hunter, Samuel Harrisoii, Sr., 31iles Hayden, John Hager, Ami Hager, Lee Hileinan, William flamma, Ileiiry Haiiiiiia, Josepli -3I. Hoops,* James 11. Hays,* Benjaiiiin Hughes, David Hityles, Samuel 1-farrison, Jr., Itobert Hutiter, John Isaiiiaii, Peter Jacobs,* David Kiddie, John C. F. Keys,* Benjainin F. Kicld, Alexaiider Long, William Lalinitig, Augustus Lowrie, Edwin Alarquis, Daiiiet Cliarles W. Miller,* Thomas iNlitchell, Hinds Maratto, John F. Miller, William Merryman, Jonas C. Molter, Baxter ideDaiiiel, S. C. iNleGlaughlin, Joseph jNelsoii, Jolin R. Osborn, Robert Prest(n, Cliarles Reno, Frederick Rouse., Abraliain J. Rig-le, Samuel C. Reed, Benjaiiiiii F. Reed, Jacob Smith, flenry Shiffhoer, George Satinit, Dai-iiel Sawer, David Shagle, Emery E. Stitt, Joliii Smitli, Williaii-i C. Smith, George Stokes, Hugh Scott,* John Sliupe," Johii Sliiiltz, Johii Shook, Thom-as Sampson, Johii Stedhaiii, Johii Thoiiipson, Robert Till, Cliarles W. Vtnp(-It,* Johi-i Vogle, Thomas F. WilSOD, Johi-i A. L. Wilson, Alexander Walker, William B. Wilson, Johii Watteson, John Woods. Company D.-Recruited in Alle-lieny County. Captains, Harry.O. Orinsbee, Benjamin F. Danhani, William J. Thompson,* G. Emanuel Gross; First Lieiitenatits, Thomas Cahoon, Soloryio-n Kline, Samuel P. Gktmble; Second Licutenaiit, Jaines C. AleAnnich; Sergeailti, David Glass, Eward Davis, William W. Peters, Alleii H, Naylor, Josepli Wickliiie, Jolin H. Miller, Williain J. Robinson; Corporals, Albert Boley, Tort-etice Casey, William H. Hamiltoti, Williaryi McAdams, Artliur Ballou, James A. INIeCaffrey, John Fagan, Rody Z. Benser, Elijah Hall, illusicians, Fred V. Beisel, Elisha Melnincli; Privates, Jose-ph Askins, Frank. BraNvley, Cowan Byi-on, William Bawdy,:' Jaiiies Babcock,* Lyman L. Brown,* Tliomas Baket-, Williani Beardsley, Williaiii Biclwell, Johii W. Bilmire, Cliarles C. Crevan, William C. Campbell, William Cart-ick, Janies Collins, Heiiry Cornwell, Jolin Campboll, Jaii-les Casey,* John Craig,* Alexaiider Clark, Beiijarxiin Craven, George A. Cook, James Caiii, 3leEweii Doran,* Richard Duniphey, Robert Fleniffig, James FoNvler,* Robert Fowler, George, W. Gray, Thonias Glass, Henry Grant, Charle-s C. Gardner, Johi-i C. Gray,:,. John C. Green, Alva Gilson, James Gibson, George I. Ball, 1NIartin Holland, John Htighes, Francis INI. Ha-11, Geol-ge Hall, George Harvey,John Hai-vey, Jonas M. Hartzell, Samuel I-awthorn, 31artin Hollitnd, David I-Iolmes, Christian Hillier, Edmund Hill, Charles Ingram, Robert Johnston, William F. Jones, George Kit-kpatrick, J. 1NI. Kirkpatrick, William Kiser,* William J. Kennedy,'Iffichael Keiiiiedy, Jacob Lonebaugh, P. Latherbaugh, Philip Lee, Frank Leon, Francis Montague, George Montgomery, William illetz, John Marsh, George 31orrison, James Moore,* Mansfield B. Mason,* John Moore, George Aletz, W. M. McGranahan,:' Robert D. 1NIcKee' Robert McAdams, Jr., Jaiiies illcGeary, EdwardMeCafferty, R. MCAdaMS, Sr., Alexandei, INIeColilcey, John McGraw, James McAdan-is,-1: James C. McLain,:"Thomas McBride, David McCreery, John C. AleDowell, Johil ITULNIcIrityre, Roger IvIcKain, Frank Nichols, Blartin V. Naylor,::- Allen R. Naylor, Jolin J. Neifer, Robert Neely, James Oldham, Al hert Paesskie, James D. Prosser, Alexander S. Park,* Michael Purcell,* John Pitre, Joseph Robbiris, Aaron Robbiiis, Jr., Nicholas Robbins, Isaac Rettiiiger, John Rosenberger,* David Randall, Aaron Robbins, Sr., Samuel J. Reiio, John Rettitio-er, Cliarles F. Rayniond, James B. Sowers, 3latthew Sinith, William Shields, Goot-ge C. Sii-iith, John J. Story, John Tiniothy, Frank Totier, Fayette Thorn, William Tate,* James Todcl, James C. Triiiible, Edward Turner, Steplien M. Vaughn,* Henry Vannatta, Williani Wittson, Joseph Whirling.. Company E.-Rect-iiited at Pittsburgli. Captaiiis, John A. Danks'John McClellan; First Lieuteiiant, R. Howard lvliller; Second Lieutenatits, William J. iicElroy, R. H. Andei-soti, Williaiii J. Marks,* Andrew G. Williams; Sergeants, George Laing, William J. McClaran,* Williani H. 31agill, Jolin Blair, Samuel Guthrie, Robert Henry, F. J. Coates,* Williain B. Wliitf1eld;* Corporals, John C. Aber, John G. Robinson, Ralph H. Dawson, Jolin fleist, Hugh Ctii-iningliam, Michael Schiiltz, Alfred H. Jones, Tliomas J. Davis, Jotirl Thoinas, George W. Allison, Henry Williains, Ditvid D. Mahaffey,"' David Stoup,:` Cot-nelius W. Miller;*'Musicians, James A. Clowes, lNlilton J. Boyd, Jolin H. Howenstein, John flassinger, Philip Hassinger; Privates, Joseph Akart,* Robert Aiken,`- James A. Batemati, Emanuel Burkett, Robert M. Boyd, Samtic-I R. Bttldwin, Joliii Boyd, Henry Bowers, Robert R. Burchfield, Robert J. Black,:, Samuel Bennett,`- Joseph Beynoii, James F. Blancett, Johii W. Bennett, Jolin Callignan, Thomas Coffin, John Cooper, A. iNi. Creighton, George W. Clark, Williain Clowes, Williaiii H. Clark, William Coiiley, Richard Davis, David Dunlap, Isaac Edgar, William Emerick, John A, Emerick,* Charles Flag-, John W. Frazer, Jaines Y. Fteinin-, Cl-iristoplier Fistiet-, Ernest Frederick, Johii Fleming,-`- John B. Ford,* Samuel A. Gray, Charles W. G rei:,,iner, James G. Galbraith, William H. Goclfrey, George A. Garries, AVilliitm S. Greer, Jaiiies W. Galbraith, Williaiii S. Gray, David Griffitli, Edward Grant, Johii C. Hoiiieyer, John S. I-Ii-Lnter, Williati-i H. Hiltabidel, Robert Hare, Cliarles Higgil-is, Henry Harris, Williani 11titchnian, George S. Hanna, Thomas Hanna,* John Huggins,* David Ilayles, Benjati-iiii Hiiglies, William Joiies, Ebenezer Jones, Richard J. Jones, Thomas B. Jones, Jacob Johiistoii, Johii -M. Jones, Josiati Kelly, Micliael Kearner, James M. Kincaicl, Etias Kuiiselniaii, Henry H. Keenan,* John Kunselman,," Thoinas Lamb, Thoii-las Lawrence, f-larrisori H. Lctey, Williaii-i Lon-, William F. Lee, Jet-onie Lingle, David R. Lyneli, Samuel Livengood, Is!tae A. Marshall, John C. Moore, Thomas A. 31iller, Conrad -Meese,* David illctntyro, Ceorge W. illeCutcheoti, Kei-iiiedy McKee, S. C. McLaughlin, Jereii-ii'ah McMullen, 117illiani Pears, Saii-iuel R. Pot-ter, Thomas Powers, James A. Powers, Thoinas Pugh, Benjamin Pattoti," John W. Pike, Daniel Stiiith, Peter Smolter, Josepti Steiiier, Joseph Schi-aclc, John C. Sliort, Williain Snyder, Philip Snyder, Sylvaniis C. Scott, Lydick Sinith,:' Tliomas Thrumstori, Williaiii Williams, Thomas J. Woodward, David F. IValter, Alartiii L. Witlets, Simoii NVychart, David Westley, William Woodward, Peter Yoting, Johii TI. Yahtlres. Comnpa?ty G.-Recruite,din Allegheny7,Ven,ti-it-o, and Armsti ong Coiinties. Catptains, Charles W. McHenry, Isaac Mlooi-head; * First Lietitenaiits, S. flays Cochranl,: J.tmes S. Williftms; Seconld Lieultenants, Robert Houstori, Williat-ll R. Nichiolsoii; Set'geants, Aaron W. Gilmore, John Cessnat, John N[I. Thoc-mas,,John C. BrooksbfaDk, William B. Peifer, Robet-t W. -3.artin; Corporatls, John Pickel, Jtmes N. Coulter, George A. Cook.,'* Williamll 31. Siiiith, Alfred B. Lup)her, Fratnk H1. Johiiston, Edward Watcksmith, Mtiltoii J. Adamns, Beiijaiimin H. Smith,* MVattlhew A. Rank;in,* Simon Steffy,* Williami J. Gr.thctm,* Thomas Q. Malrtin, -Johnl Hassinger,*s Philip Hatssinlger;* Privates, Wales D. Aslitoti, Peter At-mbet-ger, Robert 31. Brown, Ge(Jrge Blystone, Win. Blystone,8 John BSlrakney, Samlliel D. Batrnett, Peter Boyer, Sirllon Blystone,* Cliatiiicey G. Cooper, Jesse Cole, Johnl R. Cox, Willictm L. Calhotin, Williaml Cooper, -David W. Coanrsin,8 Robert H. Datily, Robert Davidson, Asa1 O. Douglass, James D. Douglass, Sa.tiel.U C. Dewoody, Chlristia-ti Deim,* Joseph.H. Ftilton, Robert A. Ftiltoii, Henry Fraleyv, John A. Fratley, Clhailes France,* Williati- Fraliley,8 Thom-as lFrue,* Curtis C. GriItin, DanieI M1. Gatrdner, Josep}li Gctrdner, WVilliam F. Green, Jainles Gattes, Datvid It. George,* Jacob Gatrdner,: Heiiry R. Gress,* Williaiin C. Hoover, Jolin Henderson, Andrew Hlenderson, Josiah _Td. Hays, Coriielius Hoffman, Benjatmiii W. Hull, Ralston Hoover, 8Samullel S. Hlays, John F. Joties, Samuel Jack, Wilder Jackson, Jatnies Jolhnston, John Kelly,* Henry KluUngh,- Williatm R. Keppuel, Sylois Leasure, Jaines Lindsay, Robert C. Law, David C. l\Iartin, C:harles 11Ioore, George W\. M1artin, Samuiel MuIlberger,* Samuel G. Mloorheacl, Jaim-es Mdarl,-el, Thomlas L. Marrtin, David K. Mitcliell, Cyrus J. Moore,~: Andrew J.:AiNoore,* Jacobj M iller,- Jalmes S. MIyers,* William Mla-ee, Johnl T.:IclCoy, Rob)ert B. 3cCoy,:: Hugli -,IcConnell,'.- C:larlil Neai-t,- Philip O'SLillivan, Ith.amer Portet-, Noath W. I'orter, Joseplil P. Rctnhin, John A. Rob)inson,:Robert Rogers, Isaac L. Rearick, Johln REitchey, Lobin Rtissell, Samuel A. Rhodes, Josepli Rtidller, Ale.Nandler Rulpert,* William H-. II. Sloati, Edson E1. Sliepherd, J.acob Saclcller, Johii A. Sell, WVilliam]l C. Smlith, George Sclhiclc, Hatrtisonl C. Stoph, MI. Schemierhorn, WVilson 31. Stills, John Saladac, Johii St. Clair, Adamll F. Siiiith, Tlionias Simitli, John SilliberDavid F. Sheets, Siiiion Stiall, David Shiery,* Andrewv J. Smeltzer,"' John Sitts, Samuel Sharlp, Georg2e W. Taylor, William Th-omas, David J. Tliomats, HIan'lptonl Tliompson, Solom-oii Venlsel, B Auo-ust A. G.Willlelli George Wolflkill, WNilliam S. Whitmaii, Charles D. WVarner, A. VVr. WNilhelm.4:Coiiz,pany H.-Recriiited at Pittsburgh. Captaiiis, MIatirice Wallace, C. B. 3IcCtillougli, Williamy KVeenan, Hugh B3. FLilton," Williainl H. Jeffries, Danliel Dougherty;* Second Lieuitenants, Willialm Week-s,* Chalrles Mec31ahon;, Sergeants, Matthew Kane, Peter Weaver, S;litiiluel Wilson, Hugh Kiniiey, Patrick lFisliler, Jatmes Wheelati, Williamll H. MarsYiall; Corporatls, Williani O'Rorke, James MI.sonl, Satrnuel MIoore,.John Sliields, William Douglierty, J. W. F. Johnston, J-nies Jones, MIichaiel Kelly, Jaiiies MceGee, 4' Danliel Connolly;* 31is3ician, Clialrles C. King;. Privates, Levi Allshotise, Johil Anclerson,* FranIflin J. Adallls,'* Jolin W. Bennett, James Bell, John A. Btich, Jolin Burklleimer, William Braeken, John Bartman, Joshua Brown, Peter Chureli, IVIiehael Carroll, Benjamiii F. Coursin, Pati-ick Collins, Ezekiel Crane, Thonias Crampton, Richard Cooper, Michael Callon, Pati-iclc Connor,* Henry Campbell,* Richat-d Cochrane,* Chester Clark, Daniel Cannoii, Johii Cai-inon, AlexRiider Canieron, William Deakers, Patrick Duggary, James Dooner, Patrick Deaii, Daniel J. Delaney, Andrew Douglass, Simeoii P. Dillman, Jaiiies Dowliiig, Wilfi-ied S. Dady, James Douglierty, John Dooley, Janies E-an, Andrew Etnerett,* Williain First, James Frie'ls, Patriclc Farrell,* Pililip Farrell,* George W. Fishell,* Patrick Ford, Pati-iclc Gormley, Htigh Gibbons, William George, David Griffith, Philip Gallagher,* Peter Gillespie,",' Patrick Hogan, Lebaiiah H. Hetrick, Joseph Hagaii, Hugli Hagaii, Johii Hennesy, Jolin Hopkins,* Johi-i Hill,* Niehol," Hartic,* Joseph lfoliiies, Jackson Jones, Jailles E. Jones,'-: Johii Johnston.:- Johyi Jaco,* Thoii-ias Kirk, Thomas Kelley, James Kiernan, George H. King,* Jol-in W. Lynn, William Leonard, Lawrence Lyne, Pati-ielc Larlcins, William R. Martin, Joseph Tvlarkle, Francis Mooney, Williani Dlani-1, David Makown, Fredet-icli: lvlarks, James MeNlantis, Ft-aneis 3leWilliams, Patriclc McNichols, John McAnulty, Johii illcGuire, Thoiiias McDermott, Philip McDermott,* Edward McGuiiiess,* JohTl MCCUllough,* James IVIcGraw, Edwar(I O'Neill, 2d, Edward O'Neill, lst, Joseph O'Brien, Eseel Palmer,* Peter Quinn,* Charles Rod-ers, Jaiiies J. Redmond, William Roth, Jolin A. Rodgers,* John Reynolds, Isaac Sniith, Francis Siiyder, Jacob Scliuyler, Janies Sinitli, George W. Stanley,* James Snlitli, James Stevenson, Cornelius Tobin,Williani H. Tlioil-lpson, Peter Wheelan, Newton Wilson, James H. Wiggins, Willia-m W. Wampler, Michael Welsh, Johii Woods, William White-iide, Joseph A. Weeks,* Samuel R. Woods.* Coinpany L-Recruited at McKeesporl., Allegheny County. Captains, James F. Ryan, William C. TdcIntosh; First Lieutenants, Geoi-ge, W. Gray, And. C. Critchlow; Second Lieiitenants, James F. Mcllullen, Jaii-ies Td. Lysle, David C. Crawford; Sergeants, John H. West, Johii H. Hoffnian, John L. Evaiis, Jr.,* George W. Mansfleld,"Williani Stacy,* Saiidy C. Drennaii,* Philip Alebrand;:: Corporals, Tliomas L. Hunter, Jacob 31ains, Joel T. Painter, Alexaiider D. Fostei-, Jollil C. Patterson,* Jaines Bickerstoff,* Samuel Jameson,* John Alebrand,4- William Sample, John Alutikitti-ick, Christiaii Snyder, James D. Reynolds, Thaddeus Clymer; Musiclaiis, Joseph Walthower, William P. Wampler; Privates, Williani Atwater, William Brown, Geor-e Bariiett, Stephen Bennett, Stepheii Bossinger, James H. Brisco, John Burnworth, William Brown, John Bellas, Samuel Biddle, Matihew Caiiiion, Stacy Craig,* Bailie Cook, John H. Cooper, Milton Coyan, Robert W. Clark, John Conway, Tlioiiias C. Douglass, Jacol) Davis.* Williaiii Day,* Johii Ditman, Witifield S. Davis, William Dias, George Doiighei-ty, John Douglierty, Joliii,Denney, Thoi-nas H. Evans, Cliristopher C. Faweetto, David F.rederick, Albert G. Fassold,* Samtiel Fields, Henry P. Ft-eemaii, Jolin N. Gamble, William P. Gilbert, William George,* Robert F. Gould,* Wilson Gould,* Samuel Crubaugh,* Peter Gallation, James Gallatioii, Tliompson Hoak, Coleman C. Hiiey, James Irwin, Isaac H.Jones, Walter Jones, James L. King, John Keougli, Peter Lafferty, Jolin Lape, John Lotz, Williain A. Mehoffey, Tliomas Moore, Benjamin Meredith,* Uriah Maines, Fauntly Muse, Daiiiel P. Mcfntyre, Ltither McMiiirl, Natlian H. McLellan, Joseph McMurray, Josepli 3leCauley, James TdcKelty, Williaii-i C. Oi-ris, PatrielK O'Neal,* John O'Neal," Israel Pancoast, George W. P assn-iore, Samu(il Perkins,:`James Parkes, John Prichard, John Packer, William Packer, Samuel G. Penney, Jolin Renipp,* John Riley,* Alexaiider Robinson,* Randolpl-i R. Reynolds, George Rhyne,* George Soles, Archibal(I Scott, Olivet, R. Smith,* Levi P. Scott, Isaac Sharp, Clement Sinitli, Henry Siterry, Alexaiider E. Tricii, Charles Taylor, Francis M. Titylor, William Whighman, Archibald Watsoii, James Whitesell,* John Whitesell,* Wesley Woods,* Ttieo. C. Walker, James Wisser, Robert Wisser, John S. Wolf, Peter Wi-ay, Alexander Wisser, I-lenry Yount, Isaac Yount, Jacob Yoiint, W. J. Zimmerman. Company K.-Recruiteci in Allegheny Coiinty. Cttptains, Cliarles W. Chapman,* William Hays Brown,* Theodore Ba-aley, George B. Chalmers; First Lieutenant, Tlioinas W. Boggq; Secoiid Lieutenants, Robert G. Mowry, William McCleary; Sergeants, Robert Staiiford, John D. Woods, Daniel Groscoot, George W. Fitzgerald, Frederick Patter,on; Corporals, William Shaner, Frederick Lathers, Walter J. Reed, Dzivid McQuistor, Robert Orr, Jolin Td. Smith, Frank Rafter, Janies Coniielly; Pi-ivates, Darius Anthony, Washinlgton Bell, John M. Bair, Reuben Bearce, Thomas Biel, Jaiiies Biizzard, Elijah.Berce, Jacob Barnhart, Robert R. Beatty, Jolin Craig, Joseph Coxens, 11. J. Cliristnian, Luther L Calkins, Alexander Caii-leroii, James Carney, R. Cumii-lings, Jaii-ies Davis, David Davis, Saii-iiiel Dunham, Patrick Delaiiey, Ivester H. Dean, Heiiry Fritch, Thoiiias Farrell, Johnston Ftiller, Funk Freel, Nathan I-Toffman, John Harvey, Jeremiah Helsel, James Q. Hodge, Daniel J. Haas, Joliii Hecknian, Stewart Hodge, Williani Ilarper, Lemuel Kemp, Jolin L. Keagg, Thomas Kelly, Jolin Mullen, George Mulholland, George Myers, Samuel McDowell, James MoKelvy, James Perliins, George H. Reedy, Davenport Riley, John H. Ramsburg, S. R. Staiilbaugh, Janies Whaling, Jolin Willard, Russell Weller, Jolin Weller, Alexarider Walls. SIXTY-FOURTH REG131ENT-FOURTI-I CAVALRY., Coloiiel, James H. Childs. Conipany B.-Rect-uited in Alle-heny County. Captains, Samuel B. M. Young, Fraiik H. Parke,* James If. Greiiet; Fii-st Lieutenants, Williani H. Young, John C. Harper,-' Win. K. Sinclair; Secoiid Lieutenant,, Saintiel Grove; Sergeatits, Jolin Speer, James Walker, Benj. F. Stackliouse, Janies AleCully, David Callen,, Hiram J. Hamilton,Joseph Pliillips, Willian-i Linton, James Raiikiii, Alexandei- McKee, Joseph 1NIoreland, Walter Bayard,'-,: Janies H. Dtiff;* Corporals, Jolin Smith, Janies McKage, Fred. W. Fi-eelfind, William P. Weber, George W. Speer, Lebanna W. Sliirley, Geo. W. Crawford, Lee Wilsoii, Sainuel Forman,% Thomas Carithers,* Willia-in Haniia,"- Joeph McCarroll;* Buglers, Christian B. Seip, Thonias'Mekans, George W. Brown; BlaelKsi-fiiths, Jolin Sat-by, Wm. Crookshanks; Privates, Andrew Alexandei-, Jolin H. Adan-is, Joseph W. Beebe, Jaines Boyce, James Bakei-, Robert Baker, Williani Briiee, Micliael Bi-annen, Isaac Bell, George W. Blake, Daniel Brose, John Boyce, A. J. M. Bailey,* Wallcer Bailey,* William F. Brown, Robei-t Briarly, John H. Campbell, Thos. F. Campbell, Stephen S. Campbell, Thomis Crookshanks, Williani C. Chidistei-, Andrew J. Catigliey, William Al. Castor, Wm.'id. Cornelius,* Chaxles Cassaboon, Beriiard Coyle, James C. Cooper, Joseph Carson, Jan-les T. Caldwell, John W. Cassidy, William Crumby, Ilarrison Craig, Hugh Crawford,. Alfred N. Cain,* Abner P. Connet-, Adaiii Calhoun, Philip Cellers, Lawrence Doyle, Thomas Davis, William Dyer, George Duffin, Joseph Delany, Jitmes Flood, Dennis Ferney, Leo Fence, James Fletcher, Williaiii F. Finknian, William Gi-iffin, James A. Graliam, Peter Gwess, Elias M. Gerliart,Williani Green, Thomas Gray, A. J. Gray, Daniel E. Grover, Lawrence Hiiiiiuei-, A. Harpeiiding, David Holli(lay, Frodericlc Hersperger, Williaiii Holliday, John C. Harper, Janaes Harlcins, Hugh Handion, David Hamn-ioTid, Gerhart Halin,"Sari-luel litiston, Aiidrew Halley, Michael Holland, John Hines, Johii Irwin, Haniilton Ingram, Joliti W. Jack.son, Caleb Jeffries,* Conritd Kile, Mosiah S. Kincaid, James Keen, John D. Iiirkpati-ick, Fredei-ick Lipker, Janies W. Lytle, San-iuel Leddet-1, Benjamin Loutlier, C-liarles A. Logan, Wm. A. Moreland, Thoiiias Merideth, Andrew J. _Moon, Cyrus Myers, Alfred Masonhimer, Joseph Motler, Calvin Mattison, Leoiiard 31yers, James Morrison, Conracl Miller, Robert F. Miller, Franlc Madden, William H. AicCiine, William MeCarroll, Robert H. MO-14unn, Joseph Y. McMtinn, Simon McCullough,* David -McCullotigh, Jonathaii 3icCarrier, Jerome iIcBride, Williain __McCollister, Bernard MeLaiigliliii, James McDaniel, Robert Newillan, James S. Piiillips, Jolin Patterson, Rody Patterson, George J. Pace, Johii Price, James A. Plotts, James 1. Plotts, Thomas Pliillips, Joiiattian Ptirdy, William J. Richey, Samnel E. Reynolds, Ittifus Rosensteel, David Ricliey, Atbey Rosencraz, Cicero A. Reed,* William C. Smyers, Alieliael Solar, I-lenry Shaffer, Charles Shaffer, Peter Satler, Ilenry Stitton, IVIatthew Sliet-man, George Skinner, George Stedeford, Jolin L. Shook, George A. Shook, John 11. Scott, Charles ID. Stewart, William Sarber, John Sollinger, Jaiiies H. Saxton, William H. Snyder,* William Scott,:" H. 14. Sleetli, Williaiii H. Stitt, Geo. H. Siiiiimerton, George 1-1. Small, Alonzo Timblin, John Tuck., Win. Unverzahart,* Goot-ge W. VitlltiDe, Jaiiies A. Vaiihorn, Thomas Welsh, Ttionias Wilson, Ilenry K. Wilson. James Zollinger, Geo. W. Zollinger, Williain H. Zack, Daiiiel Zack, Philip Zollers. In aines A. I-lei-ron, Robert A. Robinson, William Conipany E.-Recruited in Alle-lieiiy Couiity. Captains, J, K. Gillespie; First Lieutenaiits, Archibald F. Coon, Jan-)es A. 31ori-isoii, Tliomas L. Stewart: Second Lietitenant, S. C. Brotliertoti; Sergeants, Johiison Boyles, Janies Pattot), Josepli Matson,* Robei't Arthurs, Josephus Dick, Thoiiias S Speakman, Chai-les A. Paiater, Allen Foster, John A. Fulton, Emanuel S. Girt,:,- Henry 31. Kerr, Davi(I Cupps, Robert Gillespie, Abraii-i S. Martin; Corporals, John Lamb, Liither J. Stiniple, Labaiia S. Kline, Jitine-s A. Collins, George 1-1. Teale, Clark Hotha,n, William D. Sn-iith, Alexander Furguson, Samuel C. Bole, Silas McGraw; Bugler, Theociore Diiei-ing; Blacksiiiith, Geot'ge W. 31ai-ples; Privates, Johii G. Alleii, Beijaniin Achinsoii, Lewis G. Beelitc-1, Daniel Boyer, William Boisel,:' Daniel Buclidey, James C. Byers, Willian-1 Colio, ttobert Colemati, William J. Campbell, James Clark, Joliii Dugan, Tli(ii-las M. Dias, Williani Duncan, Hu-ii Donelson, Geoi-ge H. Dtill, Robert A. Dickinson, Jolin Demster, Walter Fletcher, David Feltoil, Martin A. Foran, Daniel Fo-Liks, Wm. H. H. Foster, Wiii. It. Galbi-aith, Alexander Gregg, Janies Hewstoii, Robert Harkinson, Geoi-ge B. Hays, Samuel P. Heath, Alexander Hancock, Isaac Hohn, LeNvis IIOIID, WM. R. flani-la, Lewis Hastings (Ist), Lewis Hastings (2d), Jolin Jaiiiisoji, Itobert Jainison, I-lenry Joliiis, Wm. R. Jolitis, Isaac Jolins, Israel Johns, Wm. Johiison, Tliomas E. Johnsoti, David Joiies, Abram Kuhn, John Keller, Tlion-ias Lockwood, Wn-1. B. Ludwiek, Wm. Leck, Alf'red Lacoiiib, Samuel Mardis, John 3lentzer, Robei-t Mack, Joliii A. Mabin, Jolin )-loss, David R. P. Mann, Williani illarhoff, John Ilorgan, Robei't S. Mortoti, William B. llorrison, Augiisttis Morrison,* Henry 31organ, James 3feLai-ighlin, Wm. D. 3leFeettis, Jolin McCartne.y, James McGrainer, Saii-iuel iicKee, Wm. 1-1. Norris, Adam Nicely, Janies Orr, John O'Brien, James Paiiiter, George H. Paxsori, David J. C. Peer, William R. Pratt, Robert M. Paiiiter, Tdark. Ray, Leander W. Reddick, Jonlathan Rusli, Cliarles Rudenbaugh, Isaac Robbins, Samuel (G. Schirock, SteNvart Smith, Henry Smith, George W. Spielman, David Spielmatn, Joseph Steele, Albert Stilith, Satmuel D. Smith,* John G. Smith, John SLittoii, John Sullivan, Lewis Teatle, Nelsonl IM. Thompsoii, Sylves,ter Thompson, Jaii-ies Trainer, George Tilliiiaiiin, Betijantlin'Th-omas, John Williams, Williati-i Weise, Jainles Worl,. Comlpai.ty G.-Recrulited in Alle-lieny Coutity. Captains, Benj. B. Blood, Elias L. Gillespie, Daiiiel C. Bogg7s; First Lieutena nts, Benj. C. Adaims, Andrew Nellis, Alex. 1Matchett- Second Lieiitei-iant, Richiard Whitt;ikter; Ser-geatnts, Willictm Hlazlett, Enos G. Dunecan, James MceClelland, James C. Huint, Francis- Haveland, Willialm S. Bo)yd, Hami-mond Gardner, Johin Caldwell, Anthony Chamllbers, Jolin Moore, Jolin Fultorn, Henry C. Sirigizer, Wasls. McCulllm;* Corpoi als, Robert D. Stotler, Joseph Seed, Beriah TM. Dulncan, Andi-ew M1orrison, Alexatnder Thomals, Johln Campb)ell, Isaiali N. Diincan, Robei-t H. Blair, Willianm J. Stewartd, Patrick F. MIcCloskiey, Antlh(ony Allen, Thoinas MIcNaniara,* Geoi-ge WTolf,:" John Dulncan;:' Bugler, Wesleyr S. Bictcon; *Blalcksmith, Phillip ias W.llters * Farrier, J,ohn Jones;* Sadkller, Jatmes Brew;*8 Priva,tes, Tliomas Ailkell, Thomas Bogtie, Henry Brown, Johnl C. Browvn, Williatrn Bart-, Alex. M. Boreland(, Georg,e Byers, Gordon MI. Batcon, Thomas Caiiipton, Jolhn Cgradle, R. N. Cunningliam, Andr ew P. Cox, Rob)ert T. Crawford, Nelson P. Critclilow, A. B. Cranier, Johnl Custet-, James Clary,* John W. Catrr, Jolin Christy, William- W. Dunbar, Alpheus Dunbar, Alf'redi Dunblai-, Joel Donaldlsoti, Josiah Donatldson, George H. Davis, Thomas W. Davxis, Dan-iel Dayton, Johii Doriganl, Jolin Datvis,: William Eshe nb.-tigh, Williatm D. Foote, Eli S. FEleeger, Jacob Fleeger, Hiles F'leeger, Johii B. Fox,:, Franlcis Fi-eemati, George Graharn, Arthur Hayes, Joseplh S. Hloonl, Williami MA Hopkins, lHtigh A. Halmilton, John Helsimer, John Hcazlett," George Hiltabiclel, Samuel E. Irwviii, D.tvid W. Joiies, WiLliam O. Jo)lins, Matrtinl Johnson,* Williai-ii Keinne(ly, Thomas Lynch, Clirist. Ledlebaugh, Peter L.akror, Peter Leoiiardy, Henryr 1Miller, Saiiiuel Mfiller, John Mliller, Harvey MIoore, Hugh 1NIiIIer, Jacties 1NI. Ma;rshall, Jolhn _Murdlock, S. MIontgomery, Hent-y INI. Miller-,* Thomas Blyers, Willictm C. Miller, Goorge D MSeFarlatd, William J. SIcFeti-idge, Josialil McKis4ick, Preston 3IcJulilin, Hug-h MceCorniiick, Willi;im McGu.ay, Tliomas IAcClellandt,I: Jolhn MceCollister, Michael A. O'Conner, Johii Oliplialnt, Beiij. J. Otussler, iNlichael O'(Soni-ier, Robei't C Osb)orne, William Phelps,* A. W. Patttei-son, Wilson Pierce, Johln Putnaini, E. V. Ratidcolpl-l, Chatrles Rooiiey,' . J. Rusick, Jaceob Rose, R. C. Solonbuirg, IHiigh Stewvart, Robert W. Stoclit()n, N. C. Stevenson, Jalmes ff. Sliatinon, Jacob Scholl, Henlry Sheridlan, William Sandy, Hir.tm 31. Seaton, Samlluel BI. Seatton, Sylvester H. Siiiith, Jacob Stout,- Pollc Sample,* Coiiradc Steaurbcaugli,* Satmuel Ttirner, He nry C. WVilsoii, Jolin Watters, Geo. W. NVCilliamson, Jatcob Wallcer, Simon P. Walter-s, Jatcob Witlinei-, Johll K. Wood, John Welsli, Johii Watlters, Jatcob Wolford,* Bon. F. Walters,* Datniel Whitmire. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.I I I I i i i i i I i i I i I i I I 222 Liidwi- Faist, Moses Fischer, Henry Frank, Joliii F, rederick, Gottlieb Ftiss, Tliomas Gallentine, Tlieodore Garris, Loui-s Genzoek, Alexander Gritliii, Joliii Gi-iiiini, Williaiii Gratz, Otto Hartleben, Clirist. Heitzman, Sainuct Henry, Dkniel Henry, Thoinas I-lerocl, Thomas Hughes, Samuel Hauselman, William Hoehn,%Joieph 11arselt, Conrad I-leict, Williain flein, Nictiolas liellwi-, P(aul Herr, Wiii. lled(-mann, Joljii 11offman, Gottlieb Holsig, C11,11-les florllecl, Charles lbach, Eli Jacobs, Leowird Kessel, Conrad Kohler, George K-opps, Wm. Kortntiper, Peter Koon, Siiiioii Kohles, Aiigust Kraemer, John Kratz, fleiii-y Krtigiii, Ludxi-iclc Kiefer, Fredorick Kriser, John Kiefer, Lociis Kticit, Adaiii Klenzburg, Bidthasar Kiiiiiiiiei-, Eiiiii Kalkholf, Joliri Klaus, Peter Kleinliaus, Joliii Kiiii-, Jolin Kiiiziet-, Clil-ist. Kirii, Fi-ed. Koeriiig, ilat-tin Krapp, Philil) Krebbs, Henry Kiiiiiiiier, Pliilil) Lang, Weilderlin Loaner, Jacob Lauth, Witliani Leeper, George Linl, Albert Maurer, Henry'Aliller, Hti-o Miller, Joliii Miller, Charles Meyer, Frederick Aliller, Charles Moritzen, Peter Miirpliy, Jacob Munzino-er, Wni. Meinersayer, Louis 3loore, Edward Maurer, Fred Maas, Peter Matthis, Adam Blicliel, Gtis. Mittlcowsky, Henr' Monath, Joliii Moran, Williaiii 1VIcCall, Sanitiol McClain, R-obert ilicKeevei-, Daiiiel McMillen, Jolin Ness, Sa-iiiiiel Nobs, Hetiry Natiman, Thoiiias O'Brien, John Otterbiile, Oscar Ohniler, Laiidon F. Ober, George Paliner, Nicholas Pail, Casper Peter, Jolii-i Pfeifer, Peter Ptilli, Albert Rodgers, Lunian Rotip, Dayid Rielttiiond, Christian Reiclile, Samuel Rotlisellild, Samuel Ilose, John Schreiber, Peter Selin, Jolin Stuber, Jolin G. Siriitli, B. Schlenzburg, Henry A. Shitt'er, Frederick Schulz, Jolin Schulz, Ludw"g Sctiiiiidt, Jol-in Scliiieitler, John Schorr, Paul Spohn, William Selizi-lidt, Jolin Schrotli, Hiraiii Sellumacher, Adani Schmessler, Johii Scliti(Anberger, Martin Seal, Ditvid Sowast, George, Speclit, F. William Stadt, B-ctrnliart Schad, Joliri Tliiel, Gabriel Tseliu(iy, Jollii Troutman, Geoi-ge Ungeniach, Jacob Vatenlin, George NI-eit, Alois Voegtly, Frederieli Vonvolir, Ft-ederick Waltz, Jolin D. Wagner, Peter Weber, Jolin 31. Wheeling, Henry Wlioolery, Nieliolas Walker, Joseph Water, Frederick Weiher, Williaiii Waniplei-, Wii-1. Waclient'eld, Jolin Wao-ener, Adani Wahner, George Wilbortli, C. H. Wilker, Henry Wittel, Williaiii Woter, Conrad Zini-, rnf,rman. Coin.pany.Tf.-Recruited in Alle-lieny aiid Philadelphia Couiities. Captains, Alexander Yon Mitzel, Johii Zeh; First Lieutenants, Joseph Gouesser, Louis Fischer, Henry Itedding; Second LieutenaTits, Ernest Wil'liani Roth;'--' Kauffield, Sergeants, Warren E. White, Daniel Crawford, Jolin W. Berwick, Jobn Beil-:ler, Francisco Riva; Corporals, Samuel B. lieniiey, Ai-ldrew Seliuler, Josiah S. Murry, Daniel Gorman, Philip Rober; Musiciaii, Frederick Sniitli; Privates, Benjaniin Adams, Jolin H. Becker, I-leiiry Coleman, Williaiii J. Croop, Henry Chi-istittri, Michaet Fi-ick, William Ileadgress, Jacob Hjxeiibaiigh, Hari-isoil Hughes, John Hei-hn, Conrad Hoffinan, Peter Hoffma-ii, Samuel It-win, Ernest Kiiippal, Aiigust Kaiser, Aiidrew liapper, Adolph Kreuger, John Kelly, Joel 11. Loveridge, Peter Miltenberger, Iryiii McConibs, Henry Newhouse, Williaiii Phelps, Ashbel F. Reed, Peter Roth, Martin Rolirig, LeNvis Rist, Edward SaTyis, Alfi-ed Saiiis, George W. Sethinon, Charles Slioeri-iaker, Henry Scliinidt, Johii Schellhorn,* George Stiiiiing, Charles Schwarzack, Charles Tliompson, Jaines Turner, Joseph White, Joseph Waltei's, James Wliite, TI-ioiiias Williams. SEVENTY-SIXTII REGIMENT. Com.pany fil.-Recruited in Beavei-, Alleglieny, and Scliiiylkill Counties. Captains, Jolin S. Littell, Williani S. Moorhead; First Lieutenants, Charles 31. Brumm, Robert F. Melly'aiii, Charles Evans; Second Lieutenants, Alexander Foi-sythe, H. J. Cliandler; Sergeants, Henry C. Sholkey, James Hughes, Jolin W. Robinsoii, lvliehael L. Anderson, Chai-les McClure, L. M. Sitowden, George W. Murray, William Archibald, IN illiaiii J. Bradshaw;* Corporals, George Spilter, George W. Frencli, William Boyer, Peter Smithdeal, Heilry McLain, George. Laiidas, John Thomas, Joseph Evans, Patrick Laniaii, John Wagtiet-, John Casey, Z. P. Falls, George. Hass,;* Musicians, Williain Bannan, William T. Reed, Richard W. Littell; Privates, John Albei's, Johli Abbey, William L. Black, Jolii-i C. Black, Thortias Bagshaw, Levi 131ain, Joseph Buskirk, Joseph Brabson, George Brown, Franlilin Boyer, Robert Boak, Atieliael Boyle, Williani S. Brown, John Brown,* Tliomas Ctilp, Perry Carpeiiter, James Crumley, James H. Calkins, Tlionias Cusliriey, Josliua A. Conner, Thoiiias Connell,* Emanuel J. Carter,* Peter Deeter, William D. Densmore, Williain Dailey, Barton De Forest, Robert Donaldson, August Dorshaffer, James P. Davis, Michael DaltOD, Horace B. DeHaven, An,--ustus Donahue,*Robert Davis,* Isaac Davis,* Jacob Eilor, Emanuel Esterheld,* George Earlonbaugh,* Ilubert T. Forsytli, Peter Farley, Chai-les Fergiison, Joliii F' orbes, Cliarles Fout, James W. Fi-encti, George Frame, Jolin Fitz, Albert French,* 31axwell Gwin, Geoi-ge Grubs,* Reddon Gilbert,* Samuel Green,* Saniuel Graff,:-- Janies S. Grover,* Jolin H. Haines, James Iluglies, John Ilaniias, Christian Hagiie, Willittm I-litys, Heni-y Henrich, Johil C. Hoover, Thonias 14. Ilogaii, William Hurley,* Mark Johnsoi), David H. Jenlcins, Jolin Kirlipatrick, Pati-ick Kerr,* Scott Liston, Jolin Laii-hliii, Tlieo(lore Letter, Patrick Lanion, Henry Minker, John C. Miller, John Martin, AV. Tvlathewson, Patrick Murphy, Ellwood Miller, Henry Moll, Williain P. 31oury, Alexander Moreland,* Cliarles Mallick,:'- Adam Mallick," Franklin Moser,` Jaiiies 3leCoy' John McClure, Oliver NlcDonald, Patrick I)IcGuire, Clii-istian McManus, Ttiomas Nolaii, Jolin O'Bi-ien, Hugh O'Neill, Dewitt C. Pettit, Robert A. Pervis, Robert Pervis,* Tiloiiias Pedan, Henry Reecli, Washington Ithodes, 11oratio S. Rice, Leonard D. Rice, John K. Rupert,"', Simoii Ressler, Henty Rorrar, Mason Reynolds, Joseph Robinson, Thonias Reed, Geoi-ge Risley,* Et'-ward Sylvester, Jotias Shunk, Thomas Smitli, Williani Scott, George Starner, Robei-t Sweetn-ian, Henry Siiiith, Josepl-i Stokes, Daiiiel C. Shuey, Ptiilip A. Shaffer, Tobias Stevison, Jefferson Stevison,* Morris Shell,* William Sinith,* Kavici Stomit,* Williain H. Simmons,:` Eugeyie Towiisend, Franlc Toiiiilton, Bernard Toner, Nelson Vir-it), John Walton, Valentine Webber, Josiah Willey, Pliilip D. Wyayit, Samuel Wyant, George Wilkes, Joseph Walliup, James S. Wanser, James P. Waldorf, BeDjamin H. Wilson, Lewis Wing,* George White,* Fi-aiiklin Zollar. SEVENTY-SEVENTI-I REGIIYIENT, Company B.-Recruited at Pittsburgh. Captains, Thomas E. Rose, Jolin W. Kreps, Franli A. 31. Ki-eps; First Lieuteiiant, George S. Drake; Second Lieutemants, David Lowry, Silas L. Vera, Thomas G. Coeliran; Sergeaiits, Ttiomas R. 3leGavitt, Alfred J. Parsons, Janies S. Thompson, William D. Hotightelin, Edwin Bratt, Jr., George W. Steveiisoii, Edward Acker, Willia-m 11. Bi-,trker, Harrison De Harpert, James Gracie, Johii Q. A. Siiiitli, Artliur Beniiett, Sidney J. Bruff, Michael S. Bright;* Corporals, Beiijamin Arthurs, Nelson T. Cooper, Albert Oliver, William W. Rhinehart, James P. Robinson, S. Shallenberger, George F. Sill, George Walters, Julius Franke, George W. Hartman, William Z. Jaelf, Williaiii Mclndoo, James 31. Stouler, William V. Marquis, Christian Siiive-ly, William Y. Addington,* Harvey Blakeley;* INitisicians, Albet-t C. Behrends, John Reniiiek, Peter S. Duganne, Heiiry C. Spreer), John Stoiier; 11rivates, Robert AyidersOD, Gustavus Baiier, Williani 11. Baker, H. E. Bergstresser, William Bechtold, Erastus Blaclc, Jaines B. Boyd, Frederick Baner, Johil A. Biiler, Joselih Burlc, Stephen M. Black,* Joliii A. Btirns, Charles Britt, George J. Callioun, David Cooper, Abraham Cooper, David Clay, Jesse Coy, George Croder, James F. Collins, Henry C. Clark, 31ori-is Clark, Ezra, T. Clark, James L. Clowes, Tfiomas J. Crawford, Hen ry Colliiis, Janies Carinan, Rutan Davi(Ison, Peter Dylces, San-mel. H. Davis,* Ditvid Darby, Jolin Dat-by, Joseph Darby, Giis. Dischkowsky, Abrahani Eshleman, Richard Eversoii, Joseph F. Evaiis, Asa Eckles, Jarnes Elliott, Sidney J. M. Elliott,:" John Fetterbaugli, Lucius S. Feathers,* Johii Gleasoii, Williaii-i A. Graham, Alexaiider Graham, Daniel W. Grove, William Gant, Joseph Gari-ow, Josiah E. George, Jaiiies Gettaniy, Joi-don Gillespie, Heiiry Goubel, Geor-e 11. Greer, Josiah Glunt,' James Gallagher, Brien Haley, Edwin R. Haines, Robert Haberlin, James B. Haldei-ii-lan, Thaddeus Horiie, John F. Holloivell, William Hutchinson, Tllolllas Hardy, Jaiiies Hanna,John H. Hahne, Heiiry Heiseliiian, George Hutchiuson,*- Heni-y Hutchinson,* J. S. Houl-ltelin,* George W. Harvey, Jolin L. Jacobs, Josepli C. Jeffries, William T. Jones, David Jones, David H. Jolinson, James L. Jobes,* Michael Killiiiurry, Be-iijamiti Kerchner, Aiidrew T. Kestler, Jan-ies Kugle, John Railon, Betinett Kearns, Jacol) Keller, Samtiel -Keeler, Nath-aniel Iiing, George'vll. liotintz, James Kyle, David D. Kreps, Joliii J. Krous, Henry Krouiitz, Isaac 31. Kennedy, William H. Kennedy,* Newell 11. Kelley,* Jolin Kearns, Francis Larnbert, A. F. Levering, Ilal-ry Leaser, James J. Larimer, Thonias Lei-inoii, Norinan Leighty, J,imes B. Linhart, Jacob Lon-, J. 0. Longanecler, EdmttDd iXiller, Peter Morebread, Patrick Monohon, William T. Mai-sliall, Robert 31aterne, Joseph H. Mellon, G. B. Mulholland, Ileriiiati 31ohlmon, S. H. Morrow, Johii Miirray, PeterMyre, Benjamin Marsh,* Henry INlason, Jai-iies McKinney, Tdich-ael 3icNulty, Josepli B. McClain, Samuel S. BleGrew, Patrick McLaughlin, E. G. McLanghlin, R. McLaughlin, jolin McLaughlin,* James MeCollums,* James B. McManus,`- Geo. 1NIcCandless, Joliii R. Norton, Robert H. Newman, Jaiiies B. Oliver, Morgan P. Olivei-, Frederick Ortman, Sanil. Parker, John Patterson, Thos. Patterson, Ridgely Peters, Geo. W. Peters, Wm. P. Price., Geo. W. 119,ndolph, Jtilius Ritter, Michael Raitledge, Henry E. Rhodes, James H. Reed, George W. Robinson, Jaiiies Rodo-ers, Samuel Ilose, Jolin D. Ricliards, Joseph P. Rliodes, Charles S. Rose,* William Reed, James C. Sanders, David B. Sliissler, Joliti Stinson, John Snyder, James F. Stiters, H. Shalleiibergoi-, William W. SNvem, P. Shallenberger, Jaines Sirnpson,* Lewis Shelton,* Isi-ael Schnader,* Williani J. Sinitli, Johii Savage, John Trocli, Henry Tinsman,* Charles Tliomas, Loiiis Yote, Edward Wilsoii, David Woodford, David Wii-tz, William Wilson, John Wilson, Jolin W. Watson, Elias Wales, Thonias Watson, Andrew J. Youri(It, Jacob G. Zook. New Company D.-Recriiited at Pittsburgli. Captain, Janies Shmw; First Lieutenant, Edward A. Noble; Second Licutenaiit, John A. Gilleland; Sergeants, Robert J. Bradshaw, Jantes S. Artliur, Canipbell Stanton, John C. Crumory, Ed. E. McCorkle; Corporttls, William T. Black, Jolin F. White, Charles Geniiaiiiie, Cliarles.B. Sayer, DanieAl D. E:vans, George MceWilliams, Jolhn D. 3IcDowell, Davi(l Staufi-nger- 3Iusiciaii, Peter Guerbert; Privates, Jolin Aiiibler, Brulno Ammon, Willianil B. Adaiiis, Daniel Allender, John Allen, John W. Allen,* Leslie F. Arlingtoin, Thlomas Bea tty, Henry H-. Boyd, William Bennlett, Peter Bougher, George Batughmm,n Cliarles H. Bell, H-eiirv Belirens, Joliri Balughmran, Datniel Baughman, Charlps Bodenbulrg,* Lewvis Clatison, SamlDlel Crosby, Jolnl W. Coolc, Tlleomas t,Crea, William Dorkl, Citarles B. Drennal.n, Johii Dillon, George R. Edgar, Josep}l Esterday, Peter ECmmert, HenlrY Fey, Edgar Garlrardl, Casper George, Sainuel C. Gray, Nicholals IHonn, Joliii A. Hunter, Neatl Hutchiitlson, Alotizo T. Hickey, Williamll J. Hickey, Tlionias Irwinl, Jactmes Johllisoni, Joliin Jones,* Albjert Kerr, AMicliael Kieorner, Joseph S. KVirlk, Jol)n Kinorr, Alexander Loer, Louis Litter, Williatm Lenll art, Williaiii S. Ljeonard,*" I-Ieriry Meatder, George W. MIoore, Allein MlontgonilerY, John lerril-rian, Sainuel MIcCamic, Johlii MeGiffin, Johii R. McNaly, Jolin M\cQuistonl, Samilel K. McElhatne;y, Pralssia, R. McLean, Wni S. Neely, Geo. MI. Noel,Jatcob F. Noel, Joseph P. O'Coniiell, Wtii. Owvens, Chatrles Palterick, Mathlewv H. Peterson,* Jolin Reed, Cliarles Rice, Francis F. Remctlev, Wilson Ramsey, John Schatffner, Conrad Sclienclc, William K. W. Shaw, David F. Stoller, George Sleppy, Fralnk Sherer,.James. Sloanl,3 Andrew Speno,ler, Williamn Soles, Geor-ge Seveiis, A. W. Thonipson, William Taylor, Davrid Uildercoffier,-' Jolin Williatms, George W. WilliaIms, John Q. A. Wagley, John Williams. Comj)any Ea.-Recruited in AllegChenyatnd MIercer CSounties,. Catptalin, Wm. A. Robinson;* First Lieiitenant, Rlobert ET. Lorig; Secoiid Lieutenants, Beverly S. Gotild, William P. Price; Sei-oeaDlts, Alfred T. Carnes,* Jaiies R. Martin, Jolin W. Crawford,* Alfred R.ty,:- Willianrl T. M1orrowv, Tliomas C. Stubs11)-T Corporals, Albert Oliver, George IV\alters, Charlles Swa;rtz; Pr-ivates, A. C. Behrends, Jolln- A. 13uliler, Honier Baliley,.Johln Bariisley, Nalthaln Barnably,* J. S. Bartliolomew, A. 31. H1. Bebrlends,' Isaac L. BOYer, Jesse Briiie, Chaullncey F. 13oylorl, Isaac PEL. Batird, E zr.t T. Clatrk, Tlioiiias J. Crawvford, Jesse Coy, Frederick; Carpenter,* Joliiison E. ClarLk H-. Mv. Cuinlining Isaac N. Cha se, 3lai-tiii Christ, Tliomyas L. Catl-tal-cat Datvid Dally Cliristi an W;. Ditzell,:Johnl R. Ditircan, Joseplil Doiielsoii, Asa 13ckles. Jolirl EcM;es,* Josephl Eekles,* El iocil Eckvles, T WN,m. F. Emricl;,3' A. D. Yistwood, TowvnsendE. Fall, Edwaxrd F.Findley, JoinFitz-oeald,* DavxidFitz1gerald, Chlristiatn Glatzasn'" Frederick Garnilles, Williaiii P. Griffin, Tliomas, Harcly, Emory H-. Harnlish,*3 Joseph Hill, War.r-en Hill,4' Joseph- C. Hill, Joli.i A. Hakle,* George W. Hannimer,: F.rancis L;imboert, Rob)eit 31. Little, ANIiflaianl Lon-,Johnl Loclkart, Willialm Lop)er,'Robert M;aternle, EdAward J. Miirpliy,` M hichael McNultyr, E. G. McLaulgElflnl, Ro)bert McCatrtnley Williamn MIcLain, I-Iighey McC;annat, Saniuel Palrker, Michlael Rtitledge, Jamues H. Reecl, Jazllies REodger(s, Joliti Riclia,rdsonl, Williaiii P. Rowvley, Tlios. A. Richawrdson, Williarn J. Smithi Dalvidl P. Sloati, (Geor-ge Wv. Swartltz, Henr-y M. Schell,:" David Sunlderlin,* David A. Stanmp, Ricliardcl.. Shorten, George, Staiiip, David Taylor, Jats. R. Tlionipson. New Cwn7pany E.Recruited at Pittsb)urgli. C:Japtain, Sidney J. Brauff; First Lieutenant, Jolin- D. Richards;, SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT-FIFTH CAVALRY. Conipany L.-Reci-iiited in Allegheny Couiity. Captains, D. P. Ilagaineister, Joliii I]. Reiiii-iiiller, John C. Brown, Will.am RLwle Brooke; Fii-st Lieutenants, Deitricl BrLiiio, A. J. Poinberton; Second Lieutenants, Bardele Gffliseth, William NVillleliii, Mai-tiii V. Sniitii, Samuel McK. King; Sergeints, 1NIieha-el Roney, lleiiry Fortli, Steplieii Stevenson, Sio-iiiiitid Htiber, Ifeni-y Shoenfelder, Frederick Willieliti, Thomas, Aspon, George Tliorn, Aiiios Williams,,Jolin Doyle, Charles Siiijpson, Neal Devinney, Ttiotiias Davis, Geoi-o-e McKeag,:: Charles Bekus, Jitcob Trautman, Melelioir Rtitli, Joliti Capel, Hillery 31iller, Charles Ulbikait, Nieliolas Seliwitlni, Peter LeLrane; Coi-portils, D. Dotiglierty, Hiram 1-1. Tally, Jolin Bl. Querry, Albc-rt List, Juliii'NeL:1ughlin, Francis McLean, Jeremiah 31iii-pliy, George Platt, Frank 31. Kobi, Frederick Galbitz, Josepli Fladung, Conrad Goettlin(4, Georp-e Yonliers, Fre, jeri:k Guideman, -John W. Mantag, Christian 11;ia-, John Schtiltz, Frederick Heri-iiai-iii; Buglers, George W. Rocus, Johii Wiiirow, Joliti L. Nolen, lienry W. Schwiti-tz, George Meyer; Blaelsiniths, David G ra-ey, William IMiller; Farriers, David Ivlitclioll, Casper Ruettger; SaAffler, Joliii I-lartman; Privates, Atigust Antenrith, Aiigiist Abbott, Iletiry Abbott, Saiiltiel Ackers, Charles Batchf,lor, Cliarles Baird, Joliti F. Baskerville, Jolin Blaclc, Johii Boweii, lieni-y Bi-acelin, Jolin Burke, James Btirns, John Burns, William 11. Biiek, J. T. Birillingliain, Joliii J. Bowers, Jacob Bilger, Charles W. Baker, Rudolpli Bergn-laii, 0. Buckin-11,1TY1, Set-aphim Beile, Hernian Bei-gmitii, Hermaii Biiiglei-, Adain Bauer, George Bender, Goor-e Brachler, Frederick Bergman, Martin Beek, Peter Cawley, John N. Cliristy, Joseph Clarke, Nicholas Collins, Janies C. Ctirtis, Joliii Ditvis, Daniel Donaliue, James Donahue, Patrick Donahue, Jolin Duffy, Francis Doriier, Roe_e Davis, Williain Dougherty, Artliur Dickson, James Dolan, Cliristian Deiinig, John Derrs,George Eiclihorii, Sebald Edel, Jolin Fity, Ritnslow Fister,. Dai-ii el Foley, Mattliew Fiseli, John Fath, Fre(lerick Fette, Hugh Gill, Charles F. Gi-arit, Ronias M. Greeilwood, Joseph D. Goff, Adolph Gi-eeiiei-, William Gong, Johi-i G,rland.John A. Gaiister, George Geltz, Peter Galliseth, Adain Haliii, Williaiii I-lall, George Hamiltot), Joliii H. Harper, Thomas Harris, Michael Horan, Francis W. Iloiick, Johii Hamilton, Francis Ilaughey, Benjainin A. Hesler, fleiiry Rai-tineyer. August Hopp, Gotthold Helt,.ig, Ttieodore Hess, Marcus Herbert, Pllilip Hitieur, Leonard Hollerinaii, Charles R. flenrielis, Williaiii C. flesisei-, Jolin Jackson, Williaiii Jeilliiiis, George Jordan, David R Kelly, George, Knowles, John D. Ktiowles, Tlioriias Knowles, Tiioi-nas Kelly, Nieliolas Kiefer, Ileiii-y Knauber, Michael Klein, Ttion-las Keilhacher, Herman Kracht, Adaiii Kauffman, Laurentz Koll, John Knapler, John Lambert, Patt-iclc Lanalian, Joseph Leech, Thomas Leain, Aiidrew Leonard, 3lichael Loclett, Orson Lowe, Samuel Lieferst, Cliristian Lugenbill, Pliilip Lipp, Adain'Laughlin, Williatti H. Madden, Benjamin F. 31eeker, James Montgomery, Michael Mullaney, Timotliy Murphy, Edwar(I Murray, Williaiii Meighan, Jolin Murray, Jolin 3loi-gaii, Williain Mayer, Samuel B. Alillet-, Henry Mincke, Jolin H. Minnige, Jolin Alorrisoii, Jolin Mooney, Josepli Moyer, Robert R. Martin, Jacob Miller, Charles Moricke, John Myers, Gottlieb Manlick, I-leni-y -Mansall, Williaiii McChesney, George McDevitt, Patrick AlcGlone, Charles McGettigan, It. 31. Mccullouali, Johii McGauley, William McManus, I-lugli Neall, Herbert C. Nlewell, Frederick Norman, Josepli R. Nelsoi), Charles Newiiian, Johii O'Neill, Franklin Pityne, Oscar W. Prentiss, Chat-les Pi-ovost, Jacob Pettiii-er, Joseph Pliutii, John Peppendorl', Williani R. Qu,,?id, John Ringland, Ai-idi-ew J. Re'ed, 3lichael R. Rhaut), Tiouls Rommel, Wm. F. Roberts, Henry Raiiibo, J. R,avenschwinder, Peter Rehilaender, Nicholas Rufer, W. T. Reinniueller, Cliarles Reinhold, Jolin Sarge, Edwin IVI. Seaman, Sainuel Shoppard, Irvin Siiiitli, Alexander Stewart, Chai-les A. Sniith, Jacob Straehle, Rich. Sliettleworth, Matthias Simon, Louis Sellitz, Herman Selil(iiden, Charles Siebel, August Schiieidei-, Gottlieb Sieger, Geo. Schuinacher, Andi-ew Seibert, Reimon Stiyder, Henry Stang, Pittil Stang, Johti Sheary, Si-miiiid Stalilei-, Alexander Thornp-;;on, George Torode, Henry TrLiby,t- Michael Vtiltrotli, Christian Williams, William Williams, Tlion uts R. Walker, Horatio H. Wilcox, Sainuel Warren, Johii W. Watsoti, John Walter,* Charles Williolni, Charles Weaver, M. Wunderleiii, Samuel Wickline, Jacob Wickline, Pliilil) Will, ("tii-istophei- F. Yourig, William Ztick. Co?til)aii,!/11/[.-RecriiitedinAlle--heiiyandVenangoCotiiities. Capttins,Aiid(rsonFaith,Jolii-iP.Weilzel, G. S. L. Ward; Fir-t Lietitenatits, George J. Kei-, Thomas Little, Jr.: Frank C. Grugan; Second Lieutenants, Walter H. Fitton, Wilson E. Davis, Citlvin D. Ludwig. Senreants, Wiii. McGinnis, Wlil. Bothwell, Edwitrd Bailey, Jamei Bennett, Janies B. Jennings, Htigli McClony, Patrick Ford, Rohert Russell, Patrick Cktrlin, Jolin L. Btii-roNvg, Wni. Mendenhall, Martiii Malier, Josepli McClellan, Ui-iali Patterson, Williaiii J. Andre, Silas 0. Hough;* Corporals, George Latch, Francis McCaffrey, Joseph Devlin, David Phillips, Charles Deni-lit, Joseph Martin, Jolin O'Neill, David W. Parker, Joliii I"ishei-, Ilerii-ian Hagemiller, Henry Bohdei-, Henry Steltz, Edward I-loffman, Ge-orge Levis, Jolin Winklenian, F. Holdorwrenter,* George 31. Koons, R. H. Anderson; Bugler, Harvey M. Reno; Artificei-, Cyrus E. Reagle; Blacksmith, Derinis Dorris; Farrier, James Hickey; Privates, Leonard C. Adams, Josiah Abbott, Stephen C. Albright, Jereiniah Albert, Joseph Arkei-, Hiram Abbott, Samuel Albert, Thomas Bailey, Jolin Barnes, Jolin W. Baker, Daniel W. Bohanan, Frederielc Btisli, Thoniis Broomall, Jolin A. Boyd David R. Bronson, George 11. Bartle, Jacob Bickle, Zeplianiali Benz, Ferdinand Benz, Milton Bi-aiiie, Adaiii Bi-iiiker, Joseph Bowers, Edwarcl Brady,:,- Dennis Boyce, James TNI. Brady, Charles Beeser, Wm. Berlin, Chi-istiayi L..Beck, Alex. Caiiieroii, Wm. H. Coates, George C. Crofftitt, Petei, Ui. Canipbell, Josepli Cau-liliii, Daniel Ctilver, John Conner, James Cui-ry, George Clift, Saintiel Caldwell, LNIorris Collins, Edward Coyle,* Patrick. Cassiday, Henry Ci-ist, James J. Coopei-, Jolin Day, Jai-nes Doody, Alexander Dailev, Wi-ii. Davis, Jolin Doiialiue, Josliua Davis, Joseph Donovan, Albert Denver, George M. Dever, Andraw Davidson, Daniel Drell, Charles W. Dreibelbis,"' Matthew Dolan, Henry M. Ellis, Henry J. Eclienrod, Joliii Evaiis, Charles Egenchyller, Wnl.,Fessler, Samuel 11. Fenton, John Funk,, Alexaiider Flynn, David S. Foreman, Harrison Fiedler, Au,,ust Pi i-aca, Patrick Goi-man, Michael Gainor, Miles Gross, Johii Gallagher, Wm. Green, George Harrisoii, Louis Hendervine, Wm. I-look, David C. Henlc, John D. I-letsler, IVIorris HeID-les, 31ichael Hunt, Lewis Howard, Wi-ii. Iloffinan, Geor-c W. Heii-lpliill, George Hunter, H. Humelbaugh, John Jolinson, Ed-,vin Johiistoi), Saiiiiiel Keiinedy, Stephen Keai-ney, James F. Keating, Wni. Iiirkwood, Gottlieb Kafer, John Knapler, John Koblitiger, Rudolph Kelker, John Lehry, Wm. Loyrer, Samuel Levy, Francis S. Long, Alexander Lutz, Charles Leip, Saiiiuel Lever, Fredericlc Lonegan, James S. Moore, Heiiry M. 31oney, John Monaghan, Win. Magee,'rbonias C. Masoil, Archibald Murpliy, Jolin Martin, John -lioreliead, Jonas Mull, Blatthew Manees, Adam 31iller, Joliii Mai-ks, Wiii. illoore, Wni.'Lqarlcei-, Henry 1NIa-ee, Andrew C. Ivlott, Bartholoinew Maict-, Aii(irew McGinnis, Patrick McHugh, Jatiles MeAvoy, John Mc-INI(All, Philip 3leCue, INlieliael 3leKei-iiia, Peter _.McGue, Alexander McGhee, John B. AleCormick, Bernard 3lcBride, Pliilip 31. Norbeck, F. Nonnamaker, Charles Newkirk, Win. Openshaw, Joliii Orr, Delinis O'Doniiel, James A. Price, Iticharcl Ileel, Saiiiiiel Pinkertoii, Jolin Porter, James R. Porterfield,* Michael Quinn, Larissa Romeo, George Reed, Sainuel J. Reiio, Josiah Rudderow, John S. Richard, Andrew Reid, Robert Rankin, Jitiiies Ross, George Reicht, Jai-iies 31. Slioop, Will. 1-1. Suffern, Albei't R. Sipe, Joseph Salm, Cliarles Sterling, Joliii Smith, Jaines Skiffingtoii, Wiii. Showalter, Charles Seip, Heiiry Stork, OweD Sniith, Isaac Shaffor, Fi-aiicis M. Sliowers, Heiiry Seip, Alex. R. Sullinger, James W. Showers, Thomas Shinkle, Wm. J. Stewart, Ciiarles W. Shaiier, John S. Sliowalter, Lawrotice Stafford, James B. Sample, Wm. Shaffer, Chat-les Shaffer, Washington Sliaffer, Richard Schtiltz, Wiii. Sliirk, George Thoiiipson, Ttiomas Tobin, Wii-I. Tomlinson, Robert Taylor, Amandus Voight, Andrew Wei(ile, Davicl H. Williams, (.11harles Weiss, James Williaiiis, George Wood, Joseph Wtiiider, Cliarles G. Woodruff, Frank White, David Wliitmoyer, Jollii White, Robert Wilson, John Weaver, Chai-les Wallace, Charles Wolston,:' Jaiiies Walker, Amos Walker, Frederick Wettoran, Joseph Zeigler. SIXTY-SEVENTI-I REGIMENT. Coinpany L-Recruited in Allegheny County. Captain, Johi-i F. 1,IcDonald -, First Lieutenant, Frank P. Cohen; Secoii(i Lietitenaiit, John Dyer, Jr.; Sergeants, Thoii-ias H. Btillock, John A. Ctilp, George W. Sliively, James A. Dodds; Corporals, Frederick Kostoii, Joseph Neely, Ai-tliur Hoffor, Thomas R. lIooii, Joliii P. Butler, George W. Haslette, Geor-e Neubert, Louis Fritz; Blusicians, Williaiii Y. Bailey, Rieliard Bailey, Hei-iry A. Iladgress; Privates. John H. Albreciit, George L. Abdill, George K. Boker, John Bream, Samuel T. Beighley, Michael Bradigan, Robert Beatty, Antoii Beliringer, Aiidi-ew J. Cowen, Heiiry Cooper, Jolin Colligan, Ernest Daum, Sailluel Dallas, Samuel Doffert, Joseph Donaldson, Jacob Erb, John Eigler, Albert B. Foster, Jonatlian Fultoti, Charles Fritz, Henry Fi-anz, Geor-e K. Glenn, Yalentine Gauseiiian, 1NIiIes J. Green, Frecl. Gost, Williaiii C. Heniioii, A. Haarbracker, Robert Ilood, Thonias 11agarer, Gottleib Keerz, Fred. N. Krall, Henry L-,-tn-,,Iitz, I-Iti-li Liisk, George Litidsay, Charles Liico, Carl Liiike, Rudolph Lippold, I-lenry Lewis, Frederick Martsolf, Frederick Moser, Patrick Maloney, William'INIetzgoii, Jolin C. Martin, E. 1-1. Marshall, Martin Michelbacli, John May, Campbell Merrinian,iMatthow McDonnell, James McFarland, Tliomas McCrea, Ui-iah New, Jacob New, I-Ienry Ott, William Patterson, William Pat-ker, Nichohas Pauli, Levi Rese, Jaiiies Rumbach, Geor-e Roth, Charles F. Rayee, Michael Rice, Jolin C. Richardson, Jacob Riiff, Jolin Snauffer, Archy P. Summers, Walter Shugart, WiMarn Sinith, John Shoclc, Leander W. Scott., William Shorts, William Smyth, Chai-les Schenck, Johii Selb, William Sclliilliiig, Joseph Scott, Coelirane Shoaff, Michael, Thompson, Gottlieb Vee-ol, Anthony Wise, Atidreas Wess, Jolin Yoston, John C. Young, Godfrid Zinlc. SEVENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. Company B.-Reertiited ttt Pittsburgh. Captains, Johii G. Wilson, Peter C. Spencer; First LiciiteDant, Robert Bertram; Second Lieuteiiant, Perry E. Horii; Sergeants, Tlionias J. Morris, Ezra Neff, Sarnuel W. Depp, Adaiii Black, Jacksoii McMillin, Austin INIeCall; Corporals, Cyrtis W. Wilsoii, Daniel Good, Williarn J. Drum, Johii Evans, William Harkleroad, Johii R. Nortli, Davi(i A. Riclicy, William T. Rodgers; Musicians, Jitmes C. Foster, Abraliani Sr evlin-; Privates, Joseph 1-1. Bowii-ian, Sainuel C. Brown, Jacob INI. Coll itt, Alexanlder ColMitt, Samuiel Cl tawford, Joseplh R. Cr;ift, Davidl Diclkey, Samuel l)ickey, WillialYl J. Davis, Abijahl W. Davis, Ben]jamn.il Fratmptonl, Fratnk Flicl in-er, Henry Foltz, Georgre Gi-ay, Johli Gauil:Ltithei Henlnighl, Samuel S. Hoover, Alexande.r G. Migh,s, Jamlles M. Haii-iltoii, Cliarles Al. Hickcs, Nelson T. Hiclks, Westoii T. Hyskell, J.tmes M1. Haddo n, Frederick Hawk, Alfi-ed W. Hloniai, Saiiiiiel Al. Jordon, S;liilllel Knox, Jaiiies Knox, Geor- M1. Lion-, William Lanibei-son, J'.iines R. Lon(x, hITlisculs S. 1NIuncy, Jacob) W. MVearls, A. J. M.)lntornery, Levi McuGregfor, William M\cGregor, James 1Mc()oniiell, Jamrles McFarllanld, D. Al. McCullotigh, John D. Neff. Joha R. Paz-itall, Phillip Patlmler, Peter Price, Jobti C. P'ifor, Joliti C. Poffor, Willi.mir S. Perr-y, Johni Pearce, Charles S. Roe-so, Jainles B. Xmklin, Jolin Rankin, J.tii-ies R,. Sliields, Adam Shields, V.tlenltine Schlnider, Fralnklin P. Sliafer, M~exander Shafe^r J;aines Salsgiver, Davidl Shleasley, Jatcob Sitik, Go-eorg Simpsoti, Isaa.c Stiffyr, Robert M4. SNvislier, Willialm IVI. S.algiver, Augiistus WinsloNv, Williamn Wall, Frederick Wallcer, Johii DI. Wistoii, Thieodore Wingrove, Jamies Williams, Bradeii Zeigler, Coiirad Zeiiier. Co)mpal?iy I.-Recruited at Pittsbulrgli. Captains, John Hamm, Charles Kapp, Erlo-llst Matzl a, Micliael Rossell, Giistav Seliliter, Gottlicib Hob)urg, O.arl Veitenhleimer, Cliarles Neidlhart; First Lieutenatnts, Josephl Meyor, Ferditiaicld Hock, Edgarl Selit-oders; Secondi Lieultenalnts, Hleiiry G. Bablcockc, Geo. W. Creveling Sergecantq, Joseph Zaczytiski, Josep)h Frick,? Clemnens Heritzschlel, Petei- Chi-istnman, Alldrew Heniman(n, Geor ge W. B3 rto, Antoii Ma rlk, Liidwig Wallter, Chlrles Fi-ascli, CharleAs Craeaner, Jalmes Newm.tn, Fredl. Houpt, BMtrtin IHilt, Lotiis Fxischler; Co)rporals, Casper Welber, George Walter, CXltis. Gloeckiler, W\tl. Herninger, AVii. Voii-llt, Josephl Atithoiiy, P.tti-iulr- Curreti, Palul Dulprla, Henricli Tlei-lc, Heiiry HergraiLter, BAtrnhardt Schlimilt, John MIetz r, C)llititian Spiegel,Johnl Struble, Ad.tmn At-eiiiall, G;eorge StanimTn Chartles Lulciuls Leop. Heiiilckel, Jolin S. Schreib)er, Jolin Scha;efer, Fred. Greunnlagel, Johnl KaeXrche-, Horin. St.anin-1;Musician,l Jos. Gr.temlich; Privattes, fsaa,t" Aiidrows, TLeii-tirt Arzh)erger-, lThQmas Bales, Johlt Beckier, Joliii B1lack, Al-n-lrta-in Bunlg'illrd, Francis? Brentlian, Cartlles BrowtI, Franiz BeTll]i'll, Jolili:13ecl er, James Biii-sce, Henrly Broermaln, Christ. BaIllledinler, N!icholas Branler, l'eter Baltz, Friddinl Beclc, Jolin BSecke=r Cotirritcl Betz, Ai-idres B.)clc Jatcob Braun,l rF. J. BLLIeggem(n11i, Johlnl Btlrn.s, Julius C'sar, Jamrles Catlvert, Ambrose Clar1c, JLCOI) Colo, Markt ColborDn CIIRrIeS C;wppas, J. A. Cunlninghaml, Jolin C. Carlroll Nalthanl Davis, Fredericlk Dunkel1, Williailli Dooring-, Josepli Eblerle, C)liarles Mlingoer, Rlichar(I I. EGspy, Jatcob Elirl-lardt, Johli- Eaton, Andrew Ehmiannl, Josepli Elsensolin, David E. Fisher, Conrad Freunad, Cliarles Fry, HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYtLVANIA.,tilluel Yo ing John 0. Ev,ans, Cornelius O'D(nald, Wll'l. Second Lieutenant, Geor- iNiciiijiglit -, Sergeants, S I -slieLti-gol(ii, Edward McDon al(l,.fas. E. Bevan;* Corporals, Sailluel McClinton, Liike Dilloii, Joliii FlecMnger, John S. Jolinston, Thomas McGiffan, Jolili Creegan, Eitocli Evans, Israel Iiiiiyiplireys, Joliii Lock;*- Privates, Henry Anderson, Petet- Bi-owti Pet-i-y Bingainin, Jolin Badger, Jolii-i Cain, Jtti-i-ies Cross, Johti Carothers, M,attiiew Carr, John Ctiddy, Bernard Carney, Joseph Ci-ickts, Janies Dalzell, Ilhilip Dohm, Evan J. Davis,* Williaiii Echler, Max Elkan, David E. Evan,4, Hos-ea J. Evans, T)rgan Evans, Davi(I H. Evans, Rc-ese Evan,:,* Samiiel J. Erwii), James Fagan, Johii Fay, William Giles, George Giirley, Fre(loi-iclc I-lowald, Michael Hughes, Josc-ph Hetzell, James L. Hitidman, Olivei- Harley, D. H. Hi-liberl-l-er, Auzgust Heniback):i- James r, )Iiiistot Howard, Jolin Heliii Francis Jamiso i, Tlionias Johiistoii, Joliii J(_ I Reese Joneh, Thomis B. Jones, John A. Jai-clin, Isaac W. Jones, Richard L. Jones, Patrick Kelley, Johii Keoiigh, William. Kidcl, Cliarles MoYer, Robert Mathews, Josepli Michaels, Michael Mangin, William Miller, Rudolph 3letznei-, Steplien Murray, James Altirray, Andrew Mull, William 11. Iffiller,* Jolin A. 1NIeGoNvan, Doiiiirlielc MeBt-itle, Williaiii 31CCLIIIOU-11 Joliti A TV1cDerm( INIeCiie, Bernard A. MeGirity, Williani I At Tlioi-iiton A. Preston, Thomas Parrish,* Davi(I IVI. Richar(is, Janies Rainey, Oweii'It. Roberts,* Robert C. Sands, Nehemiali Sliear-old, William. Sliellan, Sanitiel Stokeley, George Speer, Robei-t R. Singer, Richard Spangler,* Joliti' Shannon,* Daniel B. Stewart,* Charles Sn-iith, James Stiiith, Nicholas Snyder, Johii Tiefensee,"' William Towle, Martin Van Biireii, Sharack Williams William WI-iipple, Jolin Wri-lit, William Woozley, 3iiehael Woolford, Gus-tavus Whitney, Jolin Yates, Charles Zailor. SEVENTY-EIGI-ITH REGIMENT. Colonel, Aiigiistus B. Bonnaffoil. New Company F.-Recruited in Allegheny County. Captain, James F. Graham; First Lieutenant, Thomas Nelsoii; Second Lietiteiiant, Walter Reyilolds; Sergeaiits, Jan-ies Wallace, Williani Canby, George Rowan, David Roberts, James G. INlitchell; Corporals, Jotias Byers, Robert AteElherson, Jolili McBrooni, John A. Bennett, Anthony Thompson, Henry Marshall, Jaines McCartney, Johii Lees, George McCartney, William Neitliercoat, George Robinson Patrick Devine; Musicians, George W. Sinitli, Geor-o W. Ro6f; Privates, John Ackelson, IN'jii. J. Benedict, James Bltitidin, Thomas Bttldwin, Joliti Bowman, Williaii-i S. Bui-tt, Cliiti-les N. Btirtt, Elias Royer, Solomon Black, Christopher Bilboy, Samuel C. Bratton, Jaines Blain, David Brown, Geoi-ge Benner, Eugene LI. Bundy, James Ciiistiolm, Saintiel W. Caiigliey, Jacob Clouse, William T Cyplier,,George Dipple, Walter N. Davis, Daiiiel Etzler, Williani W. Elder, John P. Fry, Leicester K. Foi-syth, Miles Fullerton, Johli Fullerton, Patrick Gilmartin, Thorylas Gra-ham, Alexander L. Gaston, Samuel Groff, William -Griffith,* Jolin I-laswell, Franlc Hick, Tlioiiias Irwin, Thomas Jones, Daniel Jones, William Krenzlien, Fraiicis A. Kelly, Win. R. Keighly, Jerome Kearns, James Kelly, Charles Kranier, Williaiii G. Lewis, George Letzkus, Christopher J. Lehmaii, Calvin Lo-an, Samuel Lewis, Joseph D. Larrimei-, Jol-in Morrow, Geor(re Moore, Lewis Magee, Aiiios Maitland, James A. 31axvvell, William iielNIurray, John iNteGovern, Sainuel McMillan, Jaiyies McGarvey,John AleAlice, James McGrain, Jolin C. Neal, Alexander Neal, William Newton, James H. Nickle, Edward Nicholas, Williain Pike, William Powell, Jackson Prophatei-, Thomas Roberts, Thomas'Reed, Isaac, B. Rice, Thomas Rush I Jolin H. Rtish, James Reynolds,* Harvey Stevenson, John S gle, Jolin D. SI,Stevenson, Abiier Shrock, Jacob Swin oan, William Sowers, John Stoer, Philip Smith, William Scott, William J. Vanica, Albert Wllite, Johit Wilkiiison, Silas Waters, Sainuel Watson, Andrew Yoting, Jacob Yeager. New amtpany IT-Recruited in Alleglieny County. Captain, Paul Crawford; First Lieiitenant, Joseph B. Brown; Second Lieutenant, Josepli H. Rtibineam; Soi-geants, William Johnston, William Shipman, Joseph H. Sliuck, Janies Swinston, Jolin Buchanan; Corporals, RobcArt Sloan, George Barlier, George Riniu,iell, Ralph Trumbell, Joliii Reed, Abrallam. Winders, Thomas Slieridan, Isaac Prescott; Musicians, James Wolf, Charles Door; Privates, Jacob Altei-, William Baker, Williatil Becker, John H. Beiinett, Robert BroWD, Thoi-iias Brown, John Black, George Bell, Josiah Brunsoii, Joseph Bloman, Lewis Cavitt, David'Coopol., John Campbell,- Cliristopher Chambers, Ttiomas Cowan, Josepli L. Gross, Jaines Cullenber-ei-, Mark M. Crabb, Hu-ii Deer, lienry Dixon, Joseph Donnelly, H. Elderingham, John J. Evans, Chai-tes Fisher, George Force, Edw(ird Firliook, Peter Ferryman, Sinion Garstel, Henry Gessner, Johi-i B. Geis, George Griffith, Stewart I-amilton, Joseph I-alin, Thomas Hawliins 5` Albert M. 1-foover, Ephraim I-lall, Benjamin Humphreys, IVilli-Am Holland, David Ila-ar, William Joliiiston, Jolin J. Jones, Jacob Kline, W. G. Klingeii-sniith, Cilarles Krat-npe, L. E. Klin-etismith, James IVI. Lefever, George W. Lighthill, Joseph M. Lydick, Frederick Marks, Htigh Meehan, Thoinas Ivlorack, Charles Moore, A. J. Morrison, Henry H. Morrison, Thomas 1NIcAlister, Blair M. McCord, John H. McINlillen, William 01ingel-, William Painter, Daniel Peacock, John S. Plieiffer, Francis P. Reno, Neil Rogers, Williitm Sheriff, Jolin Shaffer, Au-ust Shultz, William,Slacker, Cliristopher Steel, Henry Stilts, Lewis Smitti, Edward Schwere, John D. Sloan, Henry C. Speedy, Micliael Step, William Stevenson, Jolin M. Snook, George, Thonipson, Lewis Tishart, Samuel Taylor, James Watsoii, Simoii T. Welsli, Joseph Waley Jacob Wehr, Nicholas Welir, Alexander Wilson, John Wolford, Johil Wagner, Jacob Worii-isloy. New Company I.-Recruited in Alltgheny County. Captain, Charles D. Wiley, Fii-st Lieutenant, John McRoberts; Second Lieute-nant, George B. 3lcNulty; Sergeants, Frederick Hei-man, Frank A. Mai-ks, Lawreiiee F. Miller, George W. Grubbs, Horace Vitn Gezer, Samuel Edwards; Corporals, William M. Price, Joseph Kelley, Johii S. Glenn, Adam Datim, Charles Palmer, Ga,len Andrews, Jacob J. Barnhart, David Fry; Musicians, Robert Ingrain, William Kuhns, Abijah Andrews, James A. Archibald, Robert Arbuckle, Samuel A. Altiis, William T. Atkinson, Jacob Bwih, John Briney, Heiiry C. Boggs, Jose'h Bentz, Henry Bliss, Henry Brant, Conrad Betz Palinet, Bo-gs, Jolin Campbell; Privates, Htigh Cainet-on, Thoinas Campbell, Alexander,Campbell, Rieltard A. Clit-istian, Samuel Claypole, William Clawson, Michael J. Daly, Mark Deary, John David,on, 3lichael Dixon, Isaac Fe-iinel, Daniel Fennel, Atigustus H. Faller, Bernard Fausnaught,* Samnel Gardner James R Gamble, Jacob G. Grossman, Jolin Gordon, Lewis Gerber, George Howard, George Hutchi-:son, Jolin D. Herwick, Frank Hastings, Thomas S. Hall, Michael I-liltz, Washin-toii 1-ittzlett John B. Johnston, James A. Jackson, David J. Jones, Thomas A. Jolinstoii, Jan-ies Kirlcham, Hiram Kelly, Nelson Keefer, Micliael Kiiipshield Johri Little David M. Lambinff, Samup-I H. Lucas, William Lowry, Lewis Lehr, Cl-iarles B. Maggie James Miller,* Alex. M. McCandless, Jitcob McCain, Mich(tel McCaffery, Moses McCollum, Arthur 3lcSorley, Robert C. Osborne David Proctor, George B. Pattersoti, James A. Qiiartz, Geor-e Richards, Johri Rawie, Thomas Robiiison, Jacob Rigger, Hetiry Rigger, Michael Rice, Williani Sliaw, Williaiii Smitli, Williani -Struthers, David Stitton, Williain Slutter, David S. Stevenson, Christian Slutter, Geor-e Swisher, Israel Townsend' Harry Woods, William Wortliington, James Wently, Joshua Wonderly, John H. Wolff, H. V. Wintersteeri, Williani Wilson. EIGHTIETH REGIMENT-SEVENTII CAVALRY. Co-nipany IT.-Recruited in Allegheny, Cliester, and Montour Counties. Captains, Saintiel Hibler, 6harles L. Greeno, Cliiiton W. Boone; Fir-;tLieutenants, William C. Garrett, Benjamin F. Garrett, William Partington,,John Getchey, Albert B. Watson; Second Lieutenants, Shadrack Foley, Uriali C. Harti-antt, Thomas McGovern; -Sergeants, Tliomas J. Wenck, Jaines M. B. Shepherd, Robert Hornial, Henry C. Burns,* Anios M. Greeiio, Taylor N. Gill, Elijah Bryant, Benjamin W. Dicks, Isaac W. Sill, Samiiel H. Rice, Reese T. Citlyert, Ttioinas J. Harvey, Isaac T. Singles,* Aiigustus J. TMiller -,* Corporals, Daniel M. Garland, Sarnuel K. Saiidersoii, Milton W. Pierce, Sainuol. 11. Lay, Jonathan M. Lewis, jacob R. Jolinson, Goor-o L. Davidson, Goor-e Hiiiiter, Nathan Hornial, George L. Beatty, Aaron MeRob erts, William Weeks'Saiii iiel Alton,* Frankliii Getchey;: Sacldler, Mahlon H. Linton; Farrier, William S. Baker;.Blacksillith, Charles P. Fields; Privates, Amasa H. Allen, Aaron Austin,'Thomas J. Aclilin, Saniuel R. Bachtel, Robert Blakslee, William Bet-rier, David Berrier, William Boyle, Johil Burroughs, Samned R. Butterwick, Peter Bowers, Thomas Black, Andrew J. Browii, John A. Brewer, Joseph Broombaugh, Jacob Beard,* Hiio-h T. Beggs,* Cliarles Blakslee, Daniel W. Burd, Grifflii C. Bailey, Samuel Barber, William 0. Boyle., Jacob Clouser, Joseph Comfort, James Cline, George. W. Carriey, N. 11. Cog-ins, Samuel,Clemens Aaroti Christoplier, Williain Clark, Charles F. Congdon, Alfred Ctirran, John Creiii. Joseph Clark, Fredei-ick Corwin, John F. Daniiakei-, David D,,'tvis, Thomas L. Davis, Tlionias Davis, John Davis, Williain G. Downs, Willianl Donald,* Edward Damsey, Edward Dawton, Tiionias Evans, Williatyi A. Everhart, William A. Earnest, Georfre Edwards, Davicl Fowkes, Davidgon A. Ftiller, Isaiah Frost, Ttiomas Fox,* Oliver Garnet, Ezra Genzel, John Graves, Clark S. Grace, Ndam J. Gensel, Orison Gle-;son, Thoinas Galvin, Welliiigton Guinn,,George Gimlet, Georl-e Gregory, William S. Garnet, Jacob Gregory, Jacob B. Haas, George Ilellings, Joseph -tti-i Iloffman Uriah C. Hart, Ttiom D. Borne, Willi as J Ilarter, Joliii Heplitie, Jr., D. Hollingshead, Samtiel Henry, Norman 1-1. Hutburt, Geot-ge Hiigliey, David Harkison, Henry Haney, Georgo N. Hall, James Hoover, Williani M. 111illey, Jacob Iloffinan, Petei- D. Hudson, Jollii Jones, Daniel Joties. Ephraiin Jeffei-ies, William -Jessop, William Jorolaman,* Peter Keiplier, lietiry L. Kerr, Joseph Kul-ler, Daniel Losey, Joseph Ltitinger, Thoiiias Lowe, Joseph Lamereaux, Britton Lon-well, Edward Leicy, John Liiidsay, Ethelbert Lobb, James Lewis, Wesley Lindsay, Charles H. Matteer, Joliti Altilliii, Thonlias W. 31alone, Joseph 0. Miller, Albert Alassaker, William H. Mullin, Adain L. -iqetz, Williani iiLichler, Nathan.Murdock, Tvi. McCullough Jolin McCul-'lougli, James 5leGinn, Joliii McKellet-, Cliartes McCain, Htigh INIoWilliaitis, Janies McCain, Williaiii J. McO_iiade. Cliestex Nortlirop, I-lenry Naas, Williain Nuttin-, William. Norton, IIirain Parker, C. D. Patterson,'William Robison, Jolhn Roy, Emlrery Rowe, Rob)ert Re'tisllawe, Jatmes Rowve,* AlexalllrleS, eor RoweX,: Jamrles C. St-iiiley, Uriah C. Spencer, Williain H. Shields, Columbu)ls Sheatffer, Datvid Sweger, Ben jamin B. Schiiiick, EQlijah So- iper, S!tmulel F. tmies, Josephl Rt Smith, Leon Star r, Williami Sanclersoii, Jacob) Stroulp,* -Joseph Snirth,", Jatmes Ser eant, E. D. Thotiipson, Jairies A. Thoii-psoti, John R. Trimb)le Jo-hin Taylor, Thomals Timm-i, Jesse Udd-t-z.-)ok, Sidnley S. Va.t- Horn, Joliii C. Wade, Joseph D. Wilson, Alfred Williams, Wlilliaiii Wright, Charlles O. Weigle,,rames Woods. Comlpany 1k1.-Recrulited in Allegheny Coulrlty. Onptains, Bartholomewv Scaiilin, Joseph G. Vale, Charles Brandt; First Lieiitenatnts, Williatm Einstinle, 1). Webster Rinlki Alexander M. Pawrker - Seconlcl Lieuteriants, Jarn-es L. Grahainll, Charles A. Waltz; Sergeants, WVilliam H. H. Stiiitli, Charles, Mullen,* Gustatve Kuhn John Keenatn, Thomas J. Larie, Willialm Steinfort, Jonathatn F. Bristline, Sylvester J. Wralklaii, Colemmi R. Watts, Jolin Hatir, James H. Slhuster, William O. Peck,'* John Hafines; Corporals, Anthoiiy J. Arnold,,George E. Bealrd, John F. Gorman, Henrly Blilrns, Geoi-ge W. Sniith, D. W. Shoemaker, George Fry, Davici Beidelmaii, Williatil Rhiriejniller, Eclwarcl L. Beekz; Saddler, Edwa.rd L. Sawyer; Privattes, Anson P. Atwell, IL. M. Atighenbatugh, Williaitm Ainsworth,* Natthant Alleti, Robert Bartlon,'I William Bonif;ace, Zebedee Bastian, Benjailllin Bander, William P. Bowver,1 John Bo.1le, WilfliAm Boatte, Cliristiaiil Buirgei-, George Burris, Jamles P. Baker, Wil liamn L. Barnett, Jainles H. Batrton, E(lwatl d Brodei ick, Vinlcent Burkcins, David Bowver, Henry M1. Bartlett, J esse Collins, Iszaiath Coxey, M;iy Coonlrad, Bern-aicd Calahan, Ami-os Crook, Urialis Clatrk,* Johrl Crook,*,Charles Clatrk, Catleb Coxey, Josialh S. Diclc, Abjraliam Dessingter, Samltiel W. Durlec-tn, John B. Durst, Datniel Didlow., Thontas Doiinoni, Pa'trick Duffy, E. Doiiglierty, Jesse, Datvis,,* George Dennlis, Micha el De amrer, George Deterly, Willittm Dereriner, George M1 Elsedl, George W. Ewatil, I-eni'y C. Evails, George( WY. Fisher, William Fry, Chatrles Fulllvaway, Johii W. Fisher, F*reflericki Fog,le, Benjaminl J. Fortney,% Isaac H. Gutshatll, WilliamGilbecrt, David Gratham, Willian-1 B. Greg, ail.m J. Gordll,JsthGllaa,Jtle,lfShz onT Hardlinger, J. 11Io2erl(lobl1er, D. HollenbaJ.tugh, Jacot) Hostler, Adainl Haines, WVilli;im. Hiirlter, W illiam Hord, John HIollenbanlghl, Wlilliai-n- D. HaI;lbert, Joseph A. Hatrtnisan, A. M. Herimian, Williaimi Hines, Fr;inkl M1 Hoff~mall,* Joh-n Hanilell, Chai-les Heiser, Albert IHowl, Cliarles Helberle, NVilliaiiil Irwin, Adlarn.Jamles,* Jolin Kanalca, Charlles D. lKielil, Joliin Kefford, John K(linwefeltei-, Caleb M. Keph'art, Jalnes A. Kii-lithonl, Georgo W. K(nip)e, Geor-ge Keener, LlIichael Kvelly, Geoi-ge Kieterma-n, Cyrtus Lai-itz, W;illiarnl Uniltlenwn,il Jollii- Lott, Edwvard Lyon, John L;yon, Jaiiies Lesley, Chatrles L-;tndon, Willian- Loniis, Josepli Miller, Isa.lic 3Ioltz, Josepht 1N.Ithews, Thoiiias M.ilone, John Mloyer, McClary AlutiselIs, O. A. MNayiiard, Daniel Blesser, Joseplt 1NIerritts,'Alfosa McDonald, Dennis McNaim-ara, W\illiain SicCarty, Jailes A. McCuiie, Chester Nicliols, Josepl11 Norris, I I I I i I i I I i 223. Eclwarcl Oyhtei-, Joseph Oches, Francis 11. Palmor, Raphael Pereze, Samuel Pratt!, Gottleib Phhd, Joseph Povc,r,:',' William R. Rostler, Josep1i W. Rhoads, Johi-i H. Rhoad,4, Charles Roiiner, Willhain R. Rapp, Uzant Rosenenatz, Ilenry C. Ross, Daniel Sliatto, Theodore B. Seip, Jacob Smith, Wari-eii L. Smith, James Sliiffer, William Stroti-h, LeNNris Sonft, Benjamin J. Selioch, Janies Schnell, J'oliii A. Stevetis, Jolin'Shannon, Adolphus Stiiart, Philip Siiiitli, Johii T. Stuart, Jacol) 11. Seip,:- Joliti Smitli,": Edwin Sliarp, George B. Snyder, Le-wis Thomp.,on, Jaines Tast, John Unroe, Hei-iry A. Varner, Adain. ITolliiier, Philip Washner, Ifenry A. Weber, Christian Wliiteoriit), Robert Webster, Georgo. 1NI. Wilson Cliarles Wise,-` Tliomas Woltlytonger, Cliarles Wallis, Henry Williams, James S. Wilcox, William Young, Elijah Yontz, Charles Zellman. LPIGHTY-SECOND REGIMENT. Coloiiel, David 1-1. Williains. Company B.-Recruited at Pittsburgh. Captains, William Kopp, William H. Knight; Fii-st Lieutenants, 1-fenry Schweitzer, Jacob Mattern, Artliur F. Keeiie, Charles K. Beeclier; Seconct Lieutemants, Cliarles Roll, Hermaii Leibold, Charles Kalbacher; Sergeants, James Malcon-1, C. 1NI. Williaiiison, William D..Tyson, Edward Scanzonia, David Patterson, Israel Bendle, flenry C. NorniaTi, G. W. Waterliouse, Joliii Beisel, Jolin TvieGrory, Jr., Johii Keitz, V. Pfefferman;* CorporiLls, Jacob Schaffer, John B. Robbins, Elijah Reece, Francis Drumell, Charles A. Petersoii, Georgo Gltitzteek, Thoiiias W. Asliton, John L. Bond, Emil Poei-stil, Jacob Sliade, Hugli Frazier, Joseph Wagner, Lorenz Powers, Adolpli Westeri-naii, Chaudius Hoer, Christoplier Gaus, Felix Dold; Musicians, Tliomas Grady, Rieliard Blakey, Jolin Kraupp; Privates, Leandor B. Arnold, Williani Alcorn, William Armagost, Jolin Aff-olsei-, George Argebrant, Chai-les AugUStiDO, James M. Burdick, Charles Bieler, David BiiiisOD, Williaiii H. Burdick, A-ndrew BroWD, Saiiiuel Bayler,* Joseph Bowdish,* David Beamer,'- Aiigtist Brinkman,* Martin J. Briggs, Ephraim Bushley, Frank Beaker, Cliristian Biitsh, Henry Ba,,;khaus,* Charles Barckliardt, William Bohmer,* Geoi-ge Baesel, William Brown, Joseph Carter, Josepli Clinton, Ephraini CLilpmoiier, Joliii Ciiiiiiiiings, William Cox, John Cunningham, William Cravell, AlexaTider Clark,* George W. Corbitt, Nicholas Clirist, Henry Coleman, Jacob Davis, David Dengei-, John Dieter, Peter Daniels, Charles Depue, George W. Dennis, Bernard Dettig, George Deitrick, Christian Dobinan, Ilenry onvis W. Evans John S. Edgar, Jitcob Max Eberle,,- August Fishmai, Dietzler,* Th i Cl-tai-les Fi-velich, William Feiling-, F. lj'ieldermaii, Joseph Faile, William Geist, Saul Gleason, Washington B. Gallagher, Jolin W. Goodar, Adelbert Gantei-, William Gobel, George Grau,* Heiiry Giitfaln I Jolin H. Haas, Jolin E. Hyatt, J. N. Heckendom, Aiiton Ilitiderfust, William L. Harmer, William H. Hanibly, Davi(i Hoch, Jeroiyle liouser, Poterzick Henreii, Andi-ew Hu-, Charles Hoiipt, Cliristian Halti-lian, T. Joseph Holinaii, Charles Hoffman, T. P. Hackham, Josepti Hougli, George Beid, I-leliry Heiiier, George W. Hunt, David W. Jillard, Thoiiias Jitlard, Joseph Killis, John Kumpf, Jacob P. Kline, Lorenzo Kohler, Comp Kllierrimen,* Jolin Kileker,* George Kirshiier, C, tsper Kauffinaii, Charles Kitcher Heiiry L. Lewis, John Loichler, John S. Lorain, Herma Lunan, Jolin Leibert, Henry Leibold, Joseph Mitchell, Cilarles N. Murry, Jolin Muller, Willinstead Men(iler, William Miller, Robert S. Aliller, Philip Maloney, Lambert H. Meeker, Cliarles Maser, Jolin Aleyer, Frederick Meier, John Mather, Jolin Moeller, S. Aliiekenberget-, lienr'v lluller, John lNlyers, Johii McLaughlin, Johii C. McClure., Ilugli 3lcGrogan, John McGrory, Sr., Valentine Newsbauin, Henry W. T_Iorney, William Osgood, Robert Osgood, William A. Perry, George 11. Pierson, Geoi-ge Pitts ill, INlai-stiall Parker, Lorenzo Pierce, Hetiry Pielcet, Frederick Piess, Stephen Perkins, Jolin Ramsey, Alexander Regan, Thonias Reed, Pliilip Reece, James Ross, John Ross, Charles Rogers, Samuel Ross,* Christoplier Roth, Jolin Rotli, Jr., Cliarles A. Sheldoii, Johii Shaniion, Adaiii Shell, Williatil 31. Siiiith, Josiah Si-nitli, llhilip Smathiis, George Smathus, Daniel Stillivan, Joseph Slioniis, Frederick Stucki, Jacob Schlegel, Conrad Selinerr, George ScAxand, Oscar Stinger, Fredei-ick Schtuleiii, Vincent Sorg,* Adam. Schniidt,* A. Schwiegner, Aiigust Schneider, Conra(i Tlieiss, Andrew Ubersox, Levi Vanderwort, J. Vansickle, Philip Va-ndertia-nlc, John Velti, William Watsoti, Betij'amin F. White, Ilenry Waniier, Isadore Wachtier, Samuel Wensel, William A. White, Tiorenzo Wliitney, Jolin Wagner, George Wolf, John Webei-, Ferdinatid White, Christopher Wilhelm, Constant Williams, Casper Wilhelm, Frank Wittman, Frank Wentzle, San-iuel Weiler, John Wusliarich, Frederick Wohre, Henry Yeuteli, John W. Zeittler, Casper Zorn. EIGIITY-THIRD REG131ENT.'\'r -liony County. Captain, Casper Gang; First Lieutenftnt, Lewis Ge ew Coiitpany G.-Recruited in A.11e13 Broerman;* Seconcl Lieutenant Cliarles G. Sautter; Sergeants, Williain Gerst, Georo-e Schneider, John I 1-1 Perharn, David Reed, Frederick Stuber; Corporals, William Dadt, Daniel Fike, Ambrose Reader, John J. Bowmaii, fienry Crispins, Henry Ley, Nicholas Ott; Privates, Peter Aulb(ach, George B.-ilzer, George W. Bell, Jacob Bopp, Williani Beagle, Hugo Beclc, Ft-anz Beyerly, Ananias Diinbail, Anflrew Dpidig, Jolin D. Deitrick, Michael Elleiiberger, Cornelius Fisher, Anton Fratik, William Ftiller, Jacob Furch,Jos. A. Falkenham, Henry Falter, Leonard Heichert, John A. Haffner, Daniel Heckler, John Hartman, Pliilip Hoffman, Josepli Henger,* Hotiry Kinderman IJacob Klein, John Keck, Cliarles Keyser, Vincent Kreittle, Martin Karn, -lenry Kennoweg, Georgre Kromiller, Ciiarles Klenschroth, Josepti Kunkelnian, Louis Kredel, Lorenz Lear, FraTik Loudersta(It, Louis L 4h, Cont-ad Lenhart, George Losser, Louis Lear, Jacob Moliler, Daniel Molter, Valentine 31arlis, William 31iller, Louis IVIiIIer, Atigiist 31yers, Henry 3leCleary, Albert Noll, Samuel Newell, Theodore Nix, Henry Poister, Peter Reitzel, Simori Rexter, Johii Rausclier, Nichola-, Rieliter,'Louis Sperle, John Sinith, Matthias Sniith, John P. Smitti, Fred. Sharp, Fred. Schwarz, John Sloop, Louis Sauilders, Fred. Smith, Joseph Sergenberger, Jolin Vickroth, I-lenry Willhausen, Andrew Wiegel, Joliii West, Caspar Wilhelm, Cliristiitn Wilbert, S. Zinimerman. New Company IT.-Recriiited at Pittsburcrli. Captain, Henry W. Horbach; First Lieutenant, Franklin Sweet; Secoi-id Lieutenant, John Little. Jr.; Sergeants, Joseph C. Beck, Saniuel Shaw, Edward Diinii, Frank Alartiti, David T. James; Corporals, Samuel Brown, David Little, Saiiiuel Robii-ison, James C. Allen, Franlc Nold, Ileiiry C. Vanhorn, George Creeltiian, Charles Collins, Geoi-ge 11. Ward; Mitsiciaiis, William J. Aber, William Aber; Privates, David Anderson, Harrison Applegate, AtLgiist Bmim, Frai-iklin Barbour, Lewis Benna, Joliii C. Biss, Robert Boreland'George Brown, Joseph Bi-owti, Charles Baum,* Elijah Campbell, Leander Corbett, Stewart Craig, Tlion-las Cox, Daniel J. Davis, David J. Davis, Edwai-d D. Davis, Heni-y Denstald, Charles Drake, William W. Diehl, Hugh E. Evaiis, Alexander Falloon, Saiiiuel Fallooii, James Finley, John Fulcomer,*Joseph Gay, James F. Goddard, John Goddard, Augustus Gross, Johii Hanlon, Tliomas Hasler, DaVO Howell, Rictiard Humphries, Jol-in F. fleasley, Jafns Jolinstoii, Martin L. Jolinston, C. D. liettenbiirgh, Dan iel Kauffman, George Klaver, J. H. Lftnghamp, E. Loudersmith, Jacob J. Lowman, John Madden, David H. 3leGiiily, Johii T'4cKissick, Patrick McHasters, Marlc McFeaters, Andrew Nott, Valeiitine Poff, David W. Pearce, August Pensuran, Ttiomas 0. Prichard, Jack Ringiron, Jacob Shall, T lai-vey Scott Edward Sche-mly, Franklin Stanley, Josepli Taylor, Melchior Upperatan, Robert Waddell, William Waller, James Ivi. Wall$, Samuel P. Wandle, William Welsh. EIGHTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. lVew Company R-Recruited in Allegi-ieny County. Captain, James R. 3leCormick; First Lietitenant, Robert Brown; Second Lieutenant, Nicholas Kelly; Sergeaiits, James S. Bi-acken, Henry H. Colbough, Wm. Davidsoti, Wni. P. Sny(ler, Christian Boelimer; Corporals, Benjamin Franklin, Robert McFarland, 3lichael F. Lanigan, DaVid P. Logan, Joliii Sholl, Joiiattian Cain, D. P. Williainsoii, Nicholas Kline; Musician, F. L. Williinson; Privates, Dai-liel Aurand'Jam(s Archibald, William Archibald,.Tames Atcheson,* Wm. F. Bernhardt, Hiram Bryati, Pati-iclc Bannon, William Briglit, Jaines Blooni, -Daniel Bowrnan, Archibald Bretz, David Barto,* lionry Cliess, Lemuel Cupps, Ch-arles Creeks, Daniel D. Ditwson, Herman Eckes, Robert Faulk, Theobolcl Feiclc, Jolii-i Geltz, Jolin W. Grtibbs, Williain L. Grove Alexaiider Hat-i t z, 3lichael Hall, Jasper 31. Hathaway, Jolin Hogayi, Peter Hart, Lawrence Hartnian, John Jones, John Kund,,irt, Jacob Kratt, Coni-ad Kiiorr, Thomas Lang(loii, Samiiel Morgan Sm-nuel 3lieliael, John Meiisdorf, William AteClosIKey, George AlcFarland, Thoitins McFarland, Jolin Nolan, Willian-1 Norris, Willian-i Nessler, James O'Donnell, Henry J. Porter, George Phillips, Frank Petersoii, Albert Painter, Geor-o Pauley, Joseph Pauley, Augustus Rose, Betij. F. Ralston, Robert A. Robison, Joseph Shoeffner, Albert G. Steveiis,'Flenry Smolcier, Joseph Seibert, Johii Slater, Johii L. Sinitli, Sirwell Smitti, Jas. Sloven, Pliilip SI-iowers, Thoiiias Scott, Robert Stewart, William Thomas, Jolin Teeters, Andrew Tierii-lan, Atidrew Vollc, Albert A. Wilson, Jolin Wolz, Frederick Wtinder. Netv Company G.-Recriiited in Alleglieny County. Captain, Wm. H. Trovillo; First Lieutenaiit, Chas. Bryson; Second Lietitenaiit, N. G. Berrihart; Sergeants, John D. Casey, Jol'in Danls, Wtii. W. Brubalcer, Jobn A. 3leCoy, Frank Trovillo, Samuel Chambus, Jerome Byriie, John Dougherty, William Fleming, Solomon C. Kelso, G-cor-e Davis, Cassitis M. Lee, William Redpath; Privates, Josepli Byrne, Jacob Biiss, Jacob Bartmelter, Peter Burns, John Ballett, Ttiomas Biirke, Giist Byrne, John B' tiley, Williain Btirk, Charles Caldivell, Tlios. Christian, Win. H. Clironicle, Joseph Crawford, Joiiatliaii Coleman, Joshua, J. Coleman, John 0, Omin Jolin TT. Frelwr2er. George Frew, Jas. Grahain, Sainiiel Gibsoii, Jolin Gibbons, Jolin H. Gaurner, U. * / a s lI s tJ 11LtsJ.-V _ 1 -- 7_ I_ Daniel Gro-an, John Gi-iffin, IHenry Klensiiig, Cli.arles Kii-ig, Pliilip Knorr, Jas. lielving-ton, D)ennis Laavin, Wnm. B. Liusk, Alexander S. Ljoper, Calviii L,oiigwell, Georga Leech, Salmuel Laulghlin, George Lloyd, Mansfield Lee, Owven LJavin, Wm. P. Mlill(z Js Iltoey, Wm yes, Chas. BIfflnyglit, J,s N'l. M[oore, Wm. M1adison, Wiii. Moffit, Jas. McC.abe, Johin KcGowven, Chas. 1McKiiiliht, Jo}lii Nusser, John J. Nichiols, John Nealy, Fgrederick PIafer, Jas. Paltterson, EIIOS W. Pirere, Ai-dreNv Paiil, 3Ia-tthewv Y. Pliillips, John Qulinn,* Joliii Richenbach, Jolin Rolinger, Joseph Richar ds, Wtii. Richatrds, John Ratlie, George Rudlolph, Jo1hn Stratub, Aiigulst Slittffer, Dale Smnall, Joseph A. Steen, Wm. Skeen-, Wm. Sliaw, Johnl Scott, Andrew Sariders, Samuel Shenlaberger, George Snyder, Wm. Scott, Tlios Stone, (Cunil'ns Thompson, Benij. Tiimmins, Jas. E. Victor, Wm. J. Verner, WII1. C. Vernler, John Wintei-gill, Jacob Wise, John G. Woods, Jas. Young, Jas. M. Young,D Daniel B. Youngson. ONE HUN'DRED AND li;IRST REGIIBIENT. Coynjpavy7 A.-llecruiited iIn Allegheny andl Cumberland Counties. Captains, David 31. Armoiir, James She-afer; E~irst l,ienltenant, Ed-ar Lee; SecondI Lieutenatnts, James INI. Johnison, C. A. Geissenhainer- Sergeanlts, Tleriry N. Johnsoii, Jaiies Gilmore, Chatrles W. Corneby, John W. Keating, Henry LJeonliaiiser, George W. Collins,* Geore ror,lllsC Sniall, W. B. Galliagher, David 11. Collins, Thomas Rt. Bo)ss; Corporals, Edmiund C. Richards, James W. Fletcher, lJogaii M. Troxel, Johi-i Sheaffer, Thomas Galllagher,* Hiram Gil)son,* Geo. W. Sampson,* Willialm Cameron,* Jolin S. Taylor, William Tarylor, Daniel Tjludwick, Chiristian Stotler, John Dillioff; MuItsiciatns, IHarry Small, Dale, Small; Privates, George W. Askiiis, Samulel Allinder, Janies C. Armroulr,:' Daniel II1. Burk,David I.. Beaver, Joc)hn Bosler, G. W. Bumb)augh, D.avid Boner, Cliarles E. Baxter,* Curtis Bo)stedo,* Fi-ederick Psotz,* Emanulel Beighley, Andrewv Bixler, Samiiel Creetmzn, Rtobert R. Crooks, Cassiiis C. Collins, Jose'ph Collins, H-enry D. Comfort, William A. Cot-bet, John A. Cot-bet, Johii Comp, Dalvid W. Cloulse, C,liarles C;impbell, Geoi-ge Conwvay, Frederick C11ristman, John W. Coneb)y,* Titus Cfroolcs, Williaiii Crookis Thoin-as C;irna-haii, Saimuel Dile, Thomas J. Daslier, Willian-i Davidson, Lewvis H1. IDeHulff,.Jolii-i A. Dtiff, WVilli;an-i Dile, Davaid Davis,*.lames l)eltman,* Robei-t Dowdle,": Joseph D.ly, Williaim IR. Devinle, C. o. Diffenb)ach, Johri Fillby, Jr., Jolinl Folighit, Wm. J. Gralhaim, Jtames Griiver, Henr;r Glass, George B. Gray, Janiles Griffee, Jollrl -lutton, Joseph A. Hoalk, Gottlieb Holtzworthi Benjamuin Hopplle, John Hiiilitiarlch, Lewvis C. E-luo-lies, Anltonlia Haake, Johi-i R. Houplt, Win. J'. 1lpgonlfritz, Tlioma-, Jackson, Geor-e I-I Johnstoii, Henry KIQltz, Levi Kultz,* H-enry Kitner, WVilliain IKitner, - Jamles KI(ippner, Liither A. Line, WVilliain Lytle, Wla-i. L,;ltndsb,,iugli, Ja col) H. Latidig,, Hlen l y Lee, Samu lel Long, Mfichael. ELudwick,* Johri IM. ILuther, Johii AMates,johnl Masters, S,imuel B. 1,IilIer, George W, Miller, Clirisfa;lNlillei-, Wii). T. Maleedith, I'eter MVonyer, J;an-is C. MeateRz, Robert H-1 Miller, Samulel Martin, Salmuel Millewr Johii Mitchlell, lReese. McWilliaims, Jamyes McClellaln Williamlz McCulne,John LlIcCorkle, Wesley McKelvey, Saimuel XcMawnus, Willlam MIcManus, Diincan MceCallister, Jacob; Nauss, Johll H. Pilkaly, Darliel Pears, Harrison H. Park,* Andrews.IIISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.Parker, Geoi-ge Rhule, Samuel Ree(ier, Williaiii Roberts, Jan-ios Robinson, Sainuel Robinson, Andrew Ritcliey, Lewis Reichard, William Ramanti, Alexaiider Rodgers, Clii-istian Rothe,* Jerome Sheaffer, Tlionias R. Stotler, Williani Sampson, George H. Snijth, Adam Schaup, Aiidi-ew Stussy, Henry F. Sn-iith, Samuel B. Sn-lith, David L. Souder, Henry J. Souder, Janies R. Stretliren, Jacob L. SlApinan, Solonion Soivder,* Beiijamin Sineigh, William Townsley, Alfred B. Tayloi-, David TOWDsley, Davi(I C. Thompson, Johii Taylor, Williaii-i Tayloi-, Jonas Walker, Elliott D. Wilson, Will iam Wilsori, Jacob iNI. Whaft0l], Emanuel Weirich, David Walter, William Wheeler, Jolin Wesley, Williaiii White, Lucius C. Wox, Jolin L. Wagoman, Jolin Worling,* Joseph B. Zeigler, ArmStrODg S. Zei-ler. Coni an; First Lieupany E.-Recruited in Alle heiiy County. Captains, James Chalfant, L. T. Fetterm, tenants, George H. Fetterman, James INI. Morrow; Second Lieutenant, Walter S. McCune; Sergeants, John Laughlin,-': John Gilffflan,* George W. Reel," Wiley Reel,'- Ellis B. Diirbin, Robei-t Storey; Corporals, Cliarle-9 Roiirke, Charles Adan-is,* Lyle McAllister,* William W. Staul)s,* Musicians, Ci-anipton Williams, Jolin S. Springer;* Privates, John Allender,* Eli C. Bruner, John Bruner,-, illatthew Black, Thomas CarneY, Ezekiel G. Cairipbell, Jaiiies C-Lipps, Samuel Croft, Thomas Clark, William Z. Cole,* Peter Connelly, Xames A. Davis,* Ja-nies Douthett,* Jaines Donald,* Jariies Douglierty, Francis Drew, Michael Dowd, Lewis J. Fleiiiing, Cyrus Fry,* Jolin Flinil, John B. Green, Franklin Gilii-iore, Samuel Good, John Graliaiii, Charles Hao-ue, Jolin Hagan,* Jos. Q. Henderson,": Franeis N. Heckman,:' Daiiiel Hollenback,;" Josepli Harliey, Charles Hague, Joseph Kirker,* Geoi-ge Koppes, Daniel Knot, Jacob Knoll, Wm. Longenecker,-: Jolin Loop, John'Alillei-, Josepti 1VIinnick, Jol-in TdcMtillen, Patrick McLaughlin,* Hugli McAllister,* Willia-iii McAllister,* William McCleary, John McCleary,.Hugh Nichols,` Reese Newberry,:!: Charles Onialey, Josiali Osburn, Aaron Osburn,* Michael O'Hara,* Edward Porter,* Martin Prosser, Samuel Powell, Frank Riley, Frederick Rodes,* Josepli Ranlcin, Peter Rouse,* Chai-les Rohrbacker, Williani Stewart, Henry Shaffer, Cornelius Sma-11inan, Wm. W. Thompson,* Henry Veon, Robert Veon, Josepli Veon, Henry Walker, Isaac Webb,* Jaiiies H. Woodford,` James Wiley,* Thomas Williams, William Wliite, Beiijaniiii Wilds, Company G.-Recruited in Alleglieiiy and Bedford Couiities. Captains, William B. Sprague, Dayid W. Mullin; First Lieiitenant, Isaiah Conley; Second Lieutenants, John B. Helm, Saiiiiiel M. Lawretice; Sergeants, John Paul, S. J. Chanaberlain, Willian-i E. Dougliei-ty, Gaiiet 31. Craighead, William 31. Torrence, Jacob Z. Over, Williani A. Long;* Corporals, Joel IVIartin, A. Li-htningstar, Williaii-i H. Knipple, Ilarvey Shepler; Mtisicians, Sa-miiel C. Majors, George R. Garretson, Franklin G. Norton;* Privates, James Anderson,* Augustus Alhborn, Simo'n P. Birney, Joseph L. Brown, Jolin Bennett, Henry Boerkainp, Joseph J. Baiinoii, Leonar(I Boyer,* Abraham Beltz,* George Brower, Williani Conkle, Samuel Coultei-, J S. Chamberlain,* James B. Caldwell,* Janies L. C,)ol,,,* John Dunri, John Defibaiigh,* Williain H. Evans,-- James 1NI. Fickes, Samuel Foster, Nicholas Fogle,* Williani Gleiiri, Justice Gollipher,,'- Solonion Geller,* Jacob A. Hite, David Hite, Michael Harlan, John Householder, Abrani A. Hartford, Williani B. fluffman, A-braiham Hull, illoses Hazlett, William Howard, John Hoffn-ian,* Calvin Harding,` Johii Irwiii, Andi-ew J. Knipple, Tlioiiias Kiiig, David Laird, Robert Long,* Soloii-ion Link,* Martiii Lybarger," George Lewis, Johii Miller, John Afansfield,* Williaui If. Murray,* Thomas H. Moore,* John Miller,` Harvey.111ay, John L. McKee, Peter 3leCloskey, Alexander NeGargliaii, James McClure, Samtiel McCormick,:% Sa-iniiel Neissbei-iter, Finley Osborn, Heni'y Ott,* Josiah Osborn, William T. Pliillips, John C. Pfeiffer, George J. Roelc, Thon-im W. Slick, Joseph L. Smith, William D. Sterlilig, William Slick, Frederielc Shauer, Cornelius Shauer, Joseph S. Sinith,".- Willian-i SlioNvnian,* Samiiel K. Slick,* Washington Speice, George W. Taylor,* Emmet C. Trimble,* Hugh Warren, W. W. Wagoner, Jacob Wike,* Robert Wray., Coinpany L-Recriiited in Allegheny County. Captain, Georl--,e W. Bowers; Fii-st Lieutenants, Johi-i C. Fletcher, George L. Brown; Second Lieutenant, Jaiiies R. Gardner; Sergeants, Robert Welsh,* Jolin M. Osborne,* John Parry, Richard iAlorris, Williaiil R. Lewis, Tsaae B. Coats: Corporals Joliii AV. Wilson, James 0. Thoiiipson, Wash'n Spiece, Jan-ies Campbell, Jolin E. 31urphy,* Janies k Phillips,:` John W. Morrison,:'.: Uriah Ament,* Israel Lauffer;* Musicians, Daniel Downer, Robert D. 31on-ar; Pi-ivates, Jan-ies L. Alter,* Henry Acaly,* Henry Bergman, Saiiiuel Bri-htoii, Thomas Bitlliett, Wm. Biekerstaff.`: Wm. Beliam,* Win. F. Brabson,* Johnsoii Browers, Charles Browers, Isaac B. Cole, Sailiuel Carns, Jolin D. Cooper, Josiah A. Cauffina-11," Martin Cummings,* Thomas Cooper,* Hugli Cowan, Peter Carns,,John _LN1. Davis, Jacob Deeter,* James E. Davis,* Robert B. Dougherty,* Andrew J. Ellis, Evan Evaiis, John ilr. Fritz, William Griffith, Alexaiicler Horley, Samuel K. Heek, John Howard, Reese Hopkins, George Horley, Robert F. Hill,* Jaiiies Hoy,* Andrew J. Hill, John Irwin,:% Barney Jolirison. Thoiiias R. Jones,* -Robert Johns,* Junior Jolin, Spencer Kin-, George W. Kelly, Jeremiali Kennedy,* Cyrus Kirkling, Alexander Kelly,* William 1-1. Lane, David Lon--,,:. George W. Lewis, John Mulholland, Richard 31oro-an, Patriek 31tirphy, Htigh Marshall,* Willian-i Morgan,`-'Alexa-nder 1VIeWliorter, Isaac O'Doiii-iell, Tecldy Padclon, Williain Powell, Johii Prothero, John D. Powell,* Robert Pliillips, Levi W. Itichman, Samuel Rule, Robert Ray, Joliii Reese,* Joel Sti'auser, I-enry C. Straub,` Joseph Tonkinson, Tliomas Thomas,John Tantiiigler, Adani Wingenfield, Joliii IVyott, Janies L. Wilson, Heiiry Winder, Jacob Wise, Aug. I-1. Whitman, John Wil(Ts. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIMENT. Colonels, Thomas A. Rowley, Joseph M. Kinlceacl, Johi-i W. Patterson,`- Janies Patchell; Lieutenant-Coloiiels, Williani AfeIlwaine,* James D. Kirli; lNlajors, Johii Polancl, Joseph Browne, Tliomas __HeLauglilin, Jaines H. Coleman,* James D. Duncan; Adjtitants, Robert 31. Kinkead, Alexander P. Callow, Lotiis F. Bi-own; QLiartermasters, Allen C. Day, Jan-ics T. Wray, Atidrow W. Morelai-icl, 31arcus W. LeNvis; Stirgeons, W. J. Fleming, 1VIat. P. Morrison; Assistant-Surgeons, Isaac Hughes, Jonathaii H. Roberts, C. C. V. A. Crawforcl, J. J. Pennypacker; Cliaplains, Alexander M. SteiNart, Da-vicl Joiies; Sergeant-Majors, Andrew A. Was,on, Andrew Wayt, William McConway; Quarterniaster Sergeants, Williani Earle, Haii-iiltoi-i J. Rodgers,*- William S. Sheib; Commissary Sergeants, Willian-i H. Cowan, Richard Barrows; ALusicians, Raiidolph C. Curry, Cooper Fielding; Hospital Stewards, Charles F. Clifforcl, Arthur Wylie. Goiitpaiiy A.-Captains, J. Heron Foster, Charles G. Foster, W. Stewart Day, Foster Alward; First Lieutenant, St. Clair Cooper; Second Lieutenant, W. G. Greei-iaNvalt; Ser-eaiits, Thomas Megraw, Robert -.H. Blair, Samuel 1-1. Hay, Harrison C. Shirk, Janies A. Giitlirie, Robert Johnsoii, George W. Kieffer, William R. Weaver, Peter P. Barr; * Corporals, Hiram Baker, Alfred 31yers, Johii Gracly, Williani S. 3leBride, Samuel C. Bonhai-ii, Michael Bi-eniian, Eclwarcl 1-1. Barry, Luke J. Dooling, John F. Eisele, John Feltei-, Jacob Krater, Thomas J. IVIeCloure, Williaiii H. Sweetiy, August Hirseli, -NAVilliani L. Roberts,* Andrew Wayt; Musician, Cooper Fielding; Privates, Clinto'n G. Ames, George Alleii, Fraiik Aiiian, James Adams,`% Jaines C. Algeo,* Lawrence Atkins,'1: Janies Bell, Williaiii Butzer, Davi(I Black, Jacob Blooiii, Andrew Bursha, Sabiiias Briggs, Jr., Charles B. Bullock, James S. Blaclc, Israel J. Barry, Joliii Biiider, William H. Bryers, William V. Beeliwith, John Bergaii), William 1. Bi-iggs, Charles H. Btirli, John S. W. Browia, Isaac Baker,:"-Samuel Boyd,-: Cliarles Brown,* George W. Bryant, Louis Barr, Charles Belyea, Byron W. Bi-oiison, William Clarlc-, James B. Clayton,. William G. Carrole, Silas Church, Jesse Coover, James B. Coiikliii, David E. Carr, C. Patrick Collii-is, Andrew Carns, Josepli Clark, Beiijaiiiin Cricler, Nelson G. Cain,* Beiijan-iiii P. Craft,* George F. Ciiilds, Janies W. Deniiis, Janies Dunlevy, William A. Dawson, Artliiir B. Elliott,* James Erwin,"- Christian Ernest, Francis Fertig, Jose ph Flannery, Andrew H. Frisbie, Henry F. Forttine, William Floyfl, Jr.,* George B, Flinton,* Jacob Fi-aub, Jolin Fitzmoi-ris, Chaxles Gi-een, Loyal Y. Gould,-" Henry Glenn,:"- William G. Godfrey, Samuel Haueter, Thomas Henderson, Franli Hart, Jai-i-ies Hoffinan, Jolin E. Henimerliiie, Joliii C. Hough, Tholiias Htilbert, Orville E. Hoyt, Guyan M. Irwin, George L. Irwin, Eli Josliti, Evaii Jones, Jolin Kerchlceissner, Andrew W. Keni-iecly, Williaiii S. Kraft,* Thonias J. Kraft, Williaiii L ons, Geor-e Lambert, Johii Lotitli, William Little, Aii(irew C. Love, Marcus W. liewis, David M. Lord, Heiiry Lewis, Jolin 31iller, LeNvis INloon, James Middleton, Williaiii 31alpass, Roderick Miehils, Hosii-ier Mark, Heiiry 3lotts, Johii A. Morango, ClutrIes Marsliall, Michael Mehan, Charles Martliaus, AugListtis Myers, Antliony iltillen, Janies __),1u11er,:.- ("yrtis -illolts, Stewart Mehaffy, Robert lvloritgomery, JoIin MeRay, J. Patrick McKenna, Johii 1-1. iNleElroy, Jolin McEelirou, Geoi-ge B. MeMurtrie, George McKniglit, Jaines iNTeRoberts, Philip'McGuire, Daniel 3leGuire, Francis C. 3lcClure, Josepl-i M. McElroy, Andrew J. McClowry,"Alexander McDoup-le, J,,tnies NleAfee, James Needham, John Nichols, lleriry Ourslarr, Samtiel Oxer, Myron A. Pab-iier, William Rtttprson, Henry Petern-lan, Isaac, Printer, Williani J. Prii-iter, Daiiiel Powers,* Ot-simtis Peters, Thomas Reynolds, Clarence Ross, Waltei- Rice, Saiiiuel Ream, Johii I. Robinson, George W. Ross, Aaron Rtilil, Lewis Sefert, Isaac Scroggy, Michael Schall, Henry Stine, Oscar Shepliercl, John Scheiterlin-, C. Schuchman, Jacob Slicker, Christian Slieets, Elniore St. Clair, Jaiiies Saiiiple, John Shaw,:: Cliristiaii Sweitzer, Isaac -M. Seay, Joliii Shaunian, Eriiest H. Suti-iieyer, Isaac F. Stewart, Jan'les Sturtevaijt, Wilson Thompson, George Tlioiiias,'Xathan Yolliiiger, Eli G. Woodberry, Ellis R. Williains, Arthur Wylie, Colliiis D. NVhite, AVi'Iliaiii A. Allhite, Alexancler Wacllow, Joliii 0. Wilsoii, Tliomas S. Wallace, Davici R. Wliite, Williaii-i A. Walker, Joseph A. Weible, Robert 0. Wilson, Frederick AVeaver, Michael Warner,*Peter Zellers. Company B.-Captains, Tlioii-ias H. Duff, Thoiiias E. Kirkbricle," Jaines S. illclntyre; First Lieutenants, Josepli Bishop, Jr., George W. Duff, Janies Porter; Sergeants, William C. Sti-oop, Persley S. Browii, Jolin G. Williams, James 31. Bryant, William A. Haught,Jaines J. McDonald, Reese J. Thomas, Edwin Anderson,--: Corporals, Williaii-i T. Doran, Lewis W. Morrow, Chai-les Greeziii-ei-, John J. Black, Willian-i Jones, Joliii Z. Prichard, Williani F. 3leClain, IValter T. Vaiix, Dominick..3leGuire, David S. Salisbur-, Shaclrach AVoods, - - __ -.. -. - __. - - --- - - --- - - I John H. Denison,* Albert J. Henry,* John Kiefer,* I-iiau-l -V,. ]I'owvefl; iNIusiciaris, Jacksonl Bui-tt, illiclhael Kountz; Privates, Joseph Apt, MIillard M. Aldrichi, Hom-er A. Adkcins, Thonmas A. Atlkinson," Charles An]derson, Josepli H. Burtt, Geo)rge Batngert, William F. Bostick, Willialm A. Browii, Trurn-an Bowviiiaii, Casp)er Berger, Aaron Blasdlell, Jothn Breakiron, Jamies A. Boyd, Willi.tm Broivn, Josepli Bishop, Sr., Robert J. Browsn,:-. Leopold Bott,* Adam Barnes,* Johi-i Cluckl, Williaim S. Chapi-i-an, Alexancler CleDmciits, Nathanliel Clarhi Joseph A. Cutlbertson, Andre-w J. Cupp, Richardl W. Cliiie, Henry l)ean, james Drunmmond, Jolin Dinloiid, iElias D. Davis, John J.J Decker, 14 William Evaills, Calel) R. Foster. Jolin F'inlnerly, Samullel N. Gillespie, Casper G;litell, Jolin Gallowvher, WVari-en Graliain H. N. Goldthorp, Levi Hlowe, Samuel H;trbisotn, WilliamIl Huntter, Henry S. Hale, John Henr-y, Thomas A. Hastiiigs, John House, Grifftlth B. Joiies, C1hristopher Joiaes, J(hn R. Johiison, Charles H. Jackson, Janies Jones, Thonilas Jones, John Jeiiliins, Aiarsh Johnson, Robert Joiies, Thonmas A. Jones, Willianm Johnson, John R. Jolhnsoii, John Kecli, Jaecob Keller, Henr-y Lantz, Cha.rles P. Lyoii John Mlorrowv, Daniel W. Mloi-gan, John Melile-thalei-, Willialm Miller, Johi-i J. Mliller, Johrl Miller, Soloimioi Myers,- Charles MIessenger, Datrius Miles, Jacob J. Mtillei-, Fr ederick, Mertz,8 Johnt McCullly, Jamzes McLean, John S. MlcLean, Geoi-ge Nunet-, Johii iNichols, Adclison Nesbit, George W. Peterson, N. O. i'eterson, George WV. Painte r, A. H. Pattersorn, Watrren Phlil]ips, WVilliami- Phillips, Alexandei, Pliillips, Benojamin F. I)age, Alexander Patton, Georgte W. Page,* Robert S. Page,* Abner Al. Reed, Jolhn J. Rinehalrt, Darbey Rahnli, Geor-e Rice, Trum. Riclbardson, 0. 1). Robinson, Albert H. Rliocles, Steplieri Robprts, John Ryaii, Datvid T. Reed, WVilliam Reynolds, Frederick Ratndalll, Foi-d B. Reed, Joseph Sharp, Fralnklin F. Swaclley,) Ellis Stolnaker, John Stedeford, Franlr- Sl)alkham, Eliai-iuel Silvey, Christian Saulers, Andrewv L. Stoddart, Geoi-ge Stalley, John Scott, Aiicdrewv Sowvers, Henry Sullivan, Janies A. Stanlford, Jos.eph Simipson,': Josephl Smith,i' Jacob Snlyder, JohDr Tippens, MIichatel Tlionilpson,8 Henr v Uppeii-aial, Janmes E. AVaux, Leiioni WVard, Jaii-ies L. WVilliamis, Johli R. Wade, Louis Williams, Johi-i J. Wh}itakler, J. A. Westerberger, SamlueXl Woocls, Sr., Davicl Wallace, Tlioiiias J. Wells, Richard S. Williainls,* Charles WVebb, A. Zinmmernian, Fredlericki Zerl. Convqaany C.-Captaiiis, Andrewv Large, John Lauge,,: Deniiy O'Neil, Saiiiiiel MIatliews; Fit-st Lieutenaints, Jacob Druim, Geoi-ge W\. Harper; Serg,eanlts, Johii P. Alegogney, Wnm. D. PeSterson, Samullel Degarmlo, Wm. MI. Wliitaliei-, Johin lAIBBIide, Andrew F,lliott, Robert 1;Izi6rrio, WVilliam Kihi-is; Corporals, Datvid Kelly, Jacob W. Rayerl, G. W. Hoiiseholcler, Thonias MIerritt, Re uben Powell, Chalrles A. Stantonl, Jas. T. Wliitatlier, Saimuel Weaver, W\m. AIctIainis, Israel Franltz,' DaDaiel Frantltz,:1' Vii. S. Ferree;* -MSusicianl, Hugh Rob)erts - Privates, Davicl Anderson, Jaiiies A. Aitfcins, Aclaim Ariderson, Stephei-i H. Allison, Johii W. Allen, Fr-ancis Anclerson, Tlheodore MI. Bean, George Burns, Jolin S. Biiiley, D. IV. B3uikliolder, George Bittiner, Ralpli BroNvii, John S. Boy le, Daiiiel Burkiey, Jaines Burns, Isaac Beiinett, Joseph S. Brooks,* John Ctirtis, WVm. K. Carroll Williaiii Clark, Jolin Carnp, Patrick Connell, Edward Coolison, Aiigustus Carbaugb, Aaron Conlin, Samuel Cook, Hit-aiii G. Curry, Williaiii G. Clark, James Cratty,* David Davis, Johil Dinaii, Joseph C. Douglass, Wil liai-Ti Davis, Hu-Ii Donaldson, Michael Deerfield, Thoiiias D6as, David Dore, Albei-t W. Flowers, Bariiett Fillinger, Levi D. Fry, Jacob Fi-esch, Wm. 0. Ferree, Isatic B. Frantz, George W. Fry, Samuel Ferdan,:1George W. Goulcl, Cliarles W. Gould, lVlilo G. Gibsoii, Geoi-ge L. Gibson, Willian-1 H. Gould,* Tliomas A. Harper, Henry Heist, Rieliard Harvey, Ezra M. Hoopes, Samuel H. Hertzler, David F. Haniiagan, Christian Houpt, Silas Herman, Isaac P. Harper, Jacob Harger, James Hudspatli, John Hainilton, Dennis P. Hamilton, Andrew S. Harper, Charles Hamilton,* Samuel Hutchinson, Jerry Ike, Charles F. James, John Johnson, Williani Jenkins, Benjaiiiin Johnsoii, Jacob Koill, John J. Kauffman, Josepli linepp, Isaac Kiiapp, Williani J. Kier, Samuel Kuhiis, Thomas Kelley, Rieliard Koller, Giiy Kelley, Henrv Kuiikleman, Jefferson Lewellen, John A. Lirideii, Enoch Lloyd, Aaron Linn, James Lowers, Jolizi C. Lucas, Andrew B. Lambing, Joel F. Large, James Lyncli, Jacob J. Miller, George G. 3luller, Johii A. Moore, Eclward lVloore, William A. Moore, Davicl Mowen, Abraham Moist, Daniel Mooney, Samuel Moss, John Miller, Fraiici-, 3layo, Joshiia B. Meadwell, Janies Megogiiey, Win. Moliarrie, Robert Maxwell,* Isaac Mordeck, Heni-y 31yers, Joseph 3icKiiistry, Robert BlcMurray, Joseph McLaughlin, Patrick McKinney,* William McFeeters, David Melfficliael, David Owens, Frank O'Brien, Jolin Ostrander, Janies Ostrander, James M. Peck, Charles Peterson, Lemuel L. Penn, Daniel Roads, Jolin P. Ruble, Daniel Ringer, William Reed, Frederick Redt'ox, William Randall, Jolin C. Reese, Simon Stockwell, Anthon.), Smitli, Frederick Setzler, Francis Sniitli, Alexander Stewart, Heni-y 31. Serena, Jolin Sutherin, Washingtoii Steer, William Sheib, Geoi-ge W. Stewart, Johri Strought, 3lattheNv H. Sn-litli, Jolin Sanders,* Jacob Schmidt,* Aaron B. Whitakei-, Joseph Wagner, Chas. W. Willhide, Jolin J. Weaver, Williaii-i Weaver, Joseph Wild, Ainos Ware, Benjamin F. Wood,* Natliari Watson,* George W. Wood, Moses Yoder.. Com_pany D.-Captains, William C. Enright, James Patchell; First Lieutenants, George W. Colenian, Robert R. Lowry, Augustus Myers; Second Lietitenants, Williani B. Kenny,* George Duff, Williai-ii H Ballard; Sergeants, Alonzo Sterling, Adam Shepley, Pati-ick McCabe, Patricli Gaviii, William H. Haslett James Braddock, Thomas B. Lotighery; Coi-porals, Michael Kelly, Isaac Grim, George Berger, Williani Fitzgerald, William Kerr, Ttionias McKiine, Edward Hatiey, Hugli Richardson; 3iusician, Johil Haganiail; Privates, William H. Adams, George Boxold, John Brown, Cornelius 0. Brine, Williain Beiiny, Geoi-ge F. Bluchei-, Jan-ies W. Burt, John J. Ballard, William Biirns, James Barr, Thomas Burke, Henry Baker, Geoi-ge Bovd, Miles Barrett, Joseph Bolton, Robert Bat-nett, David C. Booth, Jolin Thomas Bele, Elias W. Bi-itt,'fhonias A. Bemus, Henry Butt, Mattliew Brown, Cliarles G. Buckner, Albert Ballard,* Thon-ias Burke,* George Barth, Cyrus Baliiiger, Tlioiiias Barry, John Clare, James Connelley, Ornestus F. CiishIDg, Francis Colliiis, David A. Curry, Robert Calvert, Geoi-ge Criner, John Cavanaugh, Matthew, Coniler, Richnion(I P. Chapin, Cliarles F. Clifford, Harrison Conner, Henry F. Cook,:" Charles Coward,* Patrick Carroll, Patrick Cromaii, Jolin Dolen, Robert Douglass, Jolin Dori-igan, Gilbert Dodd, Thomas Digniim, Isaac Elder, Emaiiuel Fry, Andrew J. French, Thomas Fagan, James Ford, Peter Foley, Patrick Foley, Joliii Fitzsimonds,* Michael Feeney, Pati-ick Fert-is, Beriiard Grogan, Patrick 0. Grady, Augustus P. George, Jacob Grahani, Thoiiias Garris,* John D. Geiser, James Gaven, James Hannon, Benjamin Heath, 31artin Heigla, William F. Hale, Samuel S. Hale, Thomas J. flaslett, Joliii Hescii, Jolin r-loffer, Ernest Hood, Robert Hughey, Michael Haney, Heiiry C. Hallet-, Martii-i Jangah, Mark Keiiney, Willian-i Keaton,* An-let- Kelly,* Patrick. Kelly,'* Jan-ies Langdon, Harrison H. Li-icas, George Lofflei., Peter Lynch,* Edward C. Leary, John Leap, Daniel 31urphy, Daniel Marsh, Isaac J. IViorris, Cliristian Makel, Alonzo 3lercer, George Massey, Jacob Michaels, Francis Morrison, Henry 0. Mullein, Leii-luel 31unger, Jaines 31ounts, Edward McCarty, I-lu-h IvIeCanna, Jolin McGowan, Pa-trick 3lcPhillips, Allen 3leClay, Robert McCracken, Edwai-d McCanii, Charles McGro-an, Jt-mies TvIcKelyey, William IVIeClain, Daniel McCabe,* Daniel Mclsaac,* John A. McDonald, Daniel McMackin, Owen McGovern, John Nelson, Luman Pattei-son, George J. Putney, Willian-i H. Parker,*John L. Quinii, David Rose, Oliver Roberts, Alexander Itobinson, Elias Riddle, John Russell, James Roach, Heiiry Russell,:- Thomtts 0. Rouke,* Charles Randall, Joseph Shaddock, Addison Skinner, George W. Stine, Mattliias Swartz, Ephraim Stephetis, S. L. Swartz, Edward J. Snell, Thomas Sloan, John Speteel, Ebenezer Stone, Seth Smith, Bai-ker A. Skinner, John Silvers,:- William H. Stewart, Jobn Thipailt, Heni-y G. Tile, Jolin Tierney, John E. Terry, Williani H. Toppen, Tliomas White, Williani E. Wheelet-, Jolla Williii-lan, Frank Walls, Andrew D. IVacle, Daniel J. Wells, Jolin Watkins, Samuel Yeagla, Amos York'. Isaac Young,* William Zacarias. Conq)any E.-Captaiiis, Jolin W. Patterson,* Tliomas Dain, James Bishop, Sainuel, 1VI. Duvall; First Lieu.... tenants, Joseph Browiie, David A. Jones, Beiijamin F. HunneNvell; Second Lieutenant, William B. Sands; Sero-eaiits, Aracl Wilbtir, Williaiii Btielc, Jaiiies D. Holmes, John W. George, 113enjamin F. Coe, George CaldNvell, Josepli Thonias, Jolin Davis, William P. Dripps, Wasliington Jordan,',' Alexander Solnerville;* Corporals, PI-iilil) W. Pringle, Jonathan Fiirman, Fry Roser, Frariklin Cai-peilter, Abraliam Carnahan 5 John Rauell, Beiijan-iiii Gtiillltiyser, Robert Watterson, Jaities G. Moore, Isaac Cuny, Bazol Bell;* 3lusicians, Jameg H. Dripp,,, David W. 31organ; Privates, Chai-les P. Austin, Janies Alexandei-, Riissell Blakely, Charles Byerly, William Byerly, William Brewster, Alvin Bri-gs, Willian-1 Beam, Johii G. Berry, Tlionias Bro-,vn, Edward Btiriis, N. C. Barney, Cliristopher Baker, Henry Barry, Cyrus P. Cramer, Levi Crider, Edward Colb, Joliti Cluck, Bernar(I Creely, J. W. Caslidolhar, James C. Cashdollar, Lewis.Cole, John 2VI. Canieron,:y Henry E. Davis, James Douglass, Patrick Duffy, James Douglierty, Abednego Davis, Josiah Dougan, Nath-. aniel Doty,--,- Robert G. Dill, William Earle, Wni. H. H. Fohl, Jolin Fisher, William Farley, Johii A. Failes,* Thomas Flaiiagan, Jeren-iiall Guyer, Joliii Gordon, David W. Gross,* John Gabby,* Williani Hoeffelfiiiger, William Holsta, Williaii-i W. Huii-iii-iell, Delos G. Hilt, John W. Hines, George C. Hell(lerson, ti dward Horigan, Wm. J. Ilastirigs, JohD C. Hershnlan,* Daniel Haney,* Cliristian lmgi, Perry C. Jones, Johii Joslin, Levi Jones, Beiijamiii J. Kuffinan, Horace W. Kress, Geoi-ge Keniiedy, Joseph Ki-iox, Robert M. Kinliead, Georlo-e Lemmoii, Williaii-i Lewis, Jolin Loii-, Frederick Ludwig, John Little. William H. Lambert, Henry 31. Lytle, Ancirew Leeeh,:% Henry.f. 3letz, William Martin, Albert H. IVIartin, Cliristian 3lislieliii, Thomas Mort-is, Johii Mear, Patrick INiultiollitiid, Janies Moiiroe, John Mead, George W. Mallick, George Miller, Joseph 3icKibben, J. Y. MeAdii-iatis, Arthur McClain, Thoiiias AlcQuay, John McKelvey,* Robert McKlaw,* Sayers McGinnis,* Blicliael Nagle, Joseph Negliii, Jolin Newbrougli, Eriiest W. Nidiclz-, Stephen N. Nortlii-iip, William O'Binglian-1, Oweii W. Owens,* Henry K. Ortt,* George W. Pearson, Adolphus Pi-indle, Joseph 31. Price, Jolin W. Piei-ce, Sylvaider Pierce, Franklin Platt, Thomas Palmer, Gamer Phelps,* Johii Phelps,* John Peebles,:- John Rosewell, George Robertson, Johii Risley,* Robert Richardson,* John L. Ricliards, Dai-iiel Sliultz, Thoii-ias T. Sixeas, Nath. Shorteneavier, George W. Sliultz, Frederick S,,vartz, John Shook, Williaiii Shiel(is, Jaiiies Silliliiaii, J. N. Switzer, George W. Staiiley, Johii Stanley, John Sloss,* Willial-ii Slienkle, Robert Stewart, - Sullivan,* John Senft, Josepli Tliompson, Williain Urch, Jacob Walck, Jeremiah D. Walch-, Sol. B. Illentling, George Weber, Pliilip Weber, Lymaii Wright, Willis T. Wildman, William J. Wilson, Jaiiies T. Wray, Jaii-ies Ross Wynn, Jolin Ward, William Wier. Conq)a??,?1 F.-Captains, Williaiii McIlwaine,* James D. Duricaii, Hugh McIlwaiiie; First Lieutenants, Atidrew M. Alorelaiid, Andrew J. McIlwaine,* Marcus Barker; Second Licuteiiant, Benjaniin F. lVlcGowan;. Sergeants, William Jones, Williaiii Hamilton, Alexander Itagan, David Jones, Tliomas IYIcKee, Jacob M. Hosley, Vinceiit McKenna, Janles Pot-ter, John. B. Devaiix; * Corpo i-als, Jolin Kenmuir, William Milligan, John Barker, Johii Sell, George Shoop, Peter Kiefer, Michael Steapleton, Geot-ge W.Henry, George O'Meally, Robert Gray, Ileiiry Colbaugh, Jolin T. Gray, Matthew Hyle, Alexander Bothwell,* Charles Congher,:1.' Richard H. Cochran;:: 3lusiciaiis, James Alalloy, Randolpli C. Cut'ry, William Carey; Privates, Williani Aildersoii, Williaiii Aeheson, George Burnhiser, Jacob Beek, Giles Bates, Daniel Berniont, DeW. C. Brasing..!_ toii, Johii Booiie, Joliii Brown, William H. Brouglit, Samuel Boyer, David Buchanan, George W. Brown, Gottlieb Brosie,`- Alphonso D. Buclc, Lewis Brown, George 31. Blackwood, John Coulter, G. W. Connor, Charles Castello, Paduto Carlo, Alexan(loi, P. Gallow, J. W. Dieffenderfer, John C. Detrick, George Dieliei, Thoo(lore F. Duneaii, Harvey Davis, Thomas Dui-ii.], William Esp.ey, DLtvid Elcler, William Elliott, Fraiik B. Fleck, Michael Fai-rell, Jaines Fislier, Joliii A. Firili, Edwai-cl Foster, Johii Grallani, Janies W. Gibson, Johii Garclner, Jolin Gi-i-tiiier, Peter Gooclferrie, Nicholas Hoffiiian, Thonias flill, Lloyd Hed-es, Henry Harper, Jol-in A. I-lealis, Rudolph Hunsecker, Charles It. Heiiry, Abrahaiii Hewe,* San-iuel HaDdlin,* Evan Jones, Beiijan-iiii Johnson, John Jones, Williain A. Jackson, William P. Kennedy, Williani Kammerer, Joseph Keener, Al bert Liston, Jasper Laughlin, Joliii Levy, Charles P. Lewis, William Larison, Tllomas Liiidsay, Nathaniel INIasoiiliiner, Josepli 3loon, Johii W. Moreland, William INlaxwell, Josepli Miller,* John McDowell, James McKenna, Jefferson McIlwain, Terrence INIeCarthy, Lawrence _McGraw, Joliii McHenry,* George Nolan,-. Frederick Nicholas, Jeremiali Oaks, William Otto, Willian-i O'Mealy, Ehlni Paulson,': Jolin Porter, Marcus E. Phelps, Sii-tioi-i P-Lileli, William Porett, Willian-1 Powers, Thol-iias Perry, James 31. Porter,* John Rossiter, Edward Riley, Williaiii Rea, D'avi(i Robiiison, George Itotlirick, Jaiiies Riley, Willian-i Row, William A. Richniond, Robert S. Sellers, Johii Shaffer, William Sienian, Williani Shade, J. L. Sunderland, Henry Stone, Soloition Strauser, Williaii-i C. Shields, Elias Seliatzer, Henry 11. Starr, Grisnion St. Clair, Felix Shields, Conracl Stukman, Jacob Sowers, Charles S. Siiiith, Geoi-ge W. Smith, Willian-i Shwer, Absalom, Swanger, Robert Stewart,` Geoi-ge Shem, r,:" Petei- Shildecker, John Suiiderland, Thonias 0. Sn-iith, Williaiii A. Tiiyler, Williaiii Torry,.JaMeS J. Toland,* H. H. Vanamaringe,* Samuel Wallack, William H. Wallace, Thomas P. W.ood, Nicholas Wa.-ner, Thiom;lis Williams, Joseph W. Woocl,*Joseph Yout. qComj)an?y G.-Capt.ains, Jamles H1. Colematn,`- Jolin J. Boyd; First Lieutenalnts, Luke Loomis, Samuel Forr-ester, Jamles D. F'orresteir; Secoiid Lieultenants, Tliomas A. Htinton, Datvid Hunrter * Sergeanits, Alfre-d Siiowvbui-ger, Jolin Falrnlsworth, Jolin Lutiner, Paul BiDeder, John Yoting, William H. L. Algeo, Lewis Hayes, Siiiion R. Loomis, David I). Morgan, Johli Re.ynolcls, William J. Gibsons, James W. Algeo; Corporals, Satmuel Duiiii, Robert W. Teese, T. L. MIcCulloulgh, Jacob ElleDberger, John W'allace, Thomas J. Bender, John C. Cratll, Johii Algeo, Chatrles E. Gran-iile, C'lifford D. Brown,: John D. Beatty * k Mulsicians, Hlenry L. Gregory, Geoi-ge L. Glenn, Jaiines Allen, Thonlsas 31. 3Ioore; PriNacrtes, George A. Ackerman, William S. Ayres, Jollln Atcliison, Joseplh Atkiinson, Jai-ies A. Beaver, DEdwin J. Barker, John H. Bax, Jonatlian J. Barnes, Jason Browii, Nattiztlniel Br1owvn, Joseph Batties, Alfred Barsore, Patrick Brady, Ethimer Blasdell, Sylvester Bishop, Saniuel Barl.er, Cliarles D. Bennett, Edwiti J. Barker, William- Barker, Willialm Byrne,-4 Willialm Bui-dett, Francis 13ratined, Mlichatel Brenneni, Charles J. F. Conn, George E. Coulch, Calvin Clark, Andirew Crehar, Byroii Cowvan, George W. Collum, Aiidrew Dutry, Jolin Dean, Jam-es K. Dearner, M1al'tin Donelly, Jonathan Ewvigh, Estep Ewving, Christoplier Enigee, Cllaa 1es Englalnd, Peter:Emgee, Jacob Fendler, Janies Ford, Johin Gibvsoii, John It. Ge.arhart, John F. Gates, David W. Gates, Jolin Gumter, Henry Graffius, Jacob Graff', John C. Garren, Mcarcus L. Goclfrey, William Gna.nt, Johii I-Ielcler, William H. Hermer, Samuel Holstay, Michael1 Heiinessey, Jo hl- R. I-Ieninai, R. C. Hem lllianwvay, Corr el iiis flatrtuia g, Ber-nard J. Hehn,* Janies Hart,* John Halrris, Christiatn Inigi, Thoiiias Jones, Jolhn Jordian, Davi(:l] 31. Lewvis, Patricks Lona, Thomas G. Love, Levi Loverege, George W. Lloydl, John Love,,: John Lal.and, I)aniiel Miller, John Mack, Edwardc P. Montague, John C. Ma,rtin, Thomas Mloitgoimery, Jolin Morrow,* Bernalrd cl Gove-rn, W. MlcLaren, Williami MeShaffery, Charles TNIcEnal]y, Rob)ert 3lcLellatnd, Saniuel 1McLellancl, Peter MIcClowry, David McCrlacken, Samuel J. N5olatn, Tlhoiiias Nelson, William C. O'Brien, Thomlas OwYens, John O'Meily, John Offolter,' 3filicael O'CSonnell, Joel Pellor, Orsinius Peters, Albert S. Palllner, Cgharles A, Petterbone, Willii.-i Porter, Fran-cis Rohrback, William W. Rowmlly, HIeiiry -Reis, Ancdrew J. Reedl, Thornias J. Roulse, George Robins, JonathaD B. Robgertson, Frederick Rtocle, lVillhi;m A. Richlar(lson, Saiiiiiel Slieriiian, Joseph Shrier, Lymaii Scott, Samluel G. Sliermani, David J. StoNv, Austiii Seeley, John Sliep)herd, William- Sunderlatd, Steel F. Turbut, James B. Tuckey, Joseph S. Tertnan,:` J.ames Trimlbell," Owven Traliner, John Willianms, llenry H. WVeimer, David D. Wood, Wiilliam WaVterhouse, C'liarles Wilson, Jolin A. Yo-Lig, Ui-iah Zimilelrman, Daniel Ziilimernian. Comj)any H.-Recruiitedl in Alleglieny and Buitler C'ounties3. Capztains, Tlioiiias MeILaughlin, Robert W. LXyon; Fiilst Lieiitenatnts, Williaml Crooks, Charles S. Barclaty; Second Lieutenants, Armstrong Rellison, Adldison J. Brinkier,.Isaac C1. Stewvart; Ser;gean-ts, John Kaltenibaugh, LE Ii CQollll, Lewris C. White, Johin C. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.225 Story, Jai-nes B. Carsoii, Andrew J. Evans, Sai-iiuel E. Stillivan, Aciam Shira, 31. F. Davrainville, Jai-iies B. Story, Benjaiiiin L. Christy,:-"- William Kennedy; Corporals, F. 31. Eastman, Alfred G. Meals, S. V. HLitche-,son, Joseph Heyl, Joseph EIT-is, Alex. Cameron, James A. Wilson, Williain Story, Eli Black, Saiiiucl Critchlow, Johii Exter, Jacob Emery, John Fitliean, Michael Fair, Willimil Filny, Peter J. Gallagher, Isaac N. Hays, Edward L. Ilooii, Saniucl Haslett, Heiiry Korn, Williani J. Lackey, Joseph B. Martin, Joseph Redotit, William H. Cowan, Johi-i D. Janies, Andrew A. Wasson, James Adams,* Harry K. Critchlow,* Thomas B. Storey,* Charles Sweitering; Privates, John C. Alexand(,r, Albert 11. Barclay, Samuel Buriis, Johi-i Bulford, George W. Bourland, Samuel Blai-iy, John G. Brown, Adan-i Bernhart,* Saiiiuel Blany, Dayid B. Bedillian,* Josepli Criswell, Alexander Cran-ioi-, Willian-1 F. Caiiipbell, Jaiiies 0. Critchlow, Heiiry D. Critclilow, Jolin F. Christy, John W. Cross,* John Corson,* Alex. Critchlow,* Dai-iiel A. Creeley,* John.Caiiipbell,- George H. Datib, David B. Douthett, Josiah R. Dodds, W. L. Daubeiispeck, Jai-iies Dodds, Jacob Daub, Warren Deer, Joliti D. Davis, Corson Dunbar, Samuel Dunbar, Henry Dunlap,* William J. Deer,* William J. Dodds,* S. L. Daubenspeck,* Jolin Davis, Joseph S. Fitheaii, Jacob Fislier, Henry Fegler, Silas Fickles, William Fieldiiig, Williaiii J. Fouzer, George S. Gibson, Willial-n Gardner, George It. Green, Jacob Glaze,* Jolin Hetzel, Perry Horbatigh, Isa-ac A. Hawk, Jolin C. Hamel, John MW Hilliord, Alfred C. Holmes,* 31artin P. Hays, Tiiomas Howard, Andrew P. Heselten, James Irwin, Janies Johnson,* Isaac Kaylor, Elias Kirk,* Alexander Katz,* Lewis Z. Kness,* Josepli Lavery, Robert Love, Janies 31. Lowe, Robert 0. Lowis, George W. Lester, Benjamin A. Levery, John Miller, James D. Martin, Walter L. 3loses, Samuel P. 3leals, Alexander Mahood, David IVIartin, George Miller, Johii S. Murtland, Alf're(I Mfller, Oriii H. 3lattlieNvs, James G. 31ahood, William MartiD, Samuel Myers,* N. H. Matthews,* Rinaldo L. Mays,-% James H. Myers, Heiiry 31aidengard, Daiiiel 31elNIiIIen, Tliomas McMillen, T. W. INIcKii-iney, Aridrew 1NIcCallam, J. M. McCullough, J. W. MeNaughton, Alexander INIcCiine, Josiah McKissick, Silas 3lcClure, Johii McGill,* William J. Noel, Williaii-i 1-1. Norris,* Jolin R.,Osenbaugh,* John P. Orr, William H. Parker, Robert Potts, Daiiiel Petit,* Andrew J. Pettigrew,* William 11. Parks,* Robert Riley, Haiiiilton P. Rigby, Matthew Riggles-, Johii G. Reno, Franklin Ilobb, Lysander Robb,* Joseph G. Reddick,* Isaac N. Ross,* Samuel R. Renfrew,* Joliii K. Rea,* John H. Randolph,* Charles Raudall, Frank Riven, Thoiiias Scott, David Shira, Williaiyi R. Sbryock, William A. Sinith, Jolin Suninly, John Shay, Daniel Smithsoti, William Stoops, Herman Seaton, Robert Shii'a, Amos Steel, Cornelius Shorts, Robert Spence, David Smith,* Janies H. Storey,* Sol. W. Sliakely,* Frederick Shakely,* Joseph W. Stewart,* Robert 0. Shira, Jacob Si-nith, Samuel E. Sullivan, W. P. Thonipson, James L. Taylor, R. E. Thornburg,* Jaiiies Thompson,* Samiiel J. Trimble,* Williant Thorn,* Alex. C. Wally, Adam Wiles, Nixoi-i Wade, Jolin M. White, Janies S. Wally, W. H. H. Wasson, Jacob Weller,* Frederick Wiles,* Watsoii J. Young. Comp-iny L-Ca-ptains, Orlando 1VI. Looiiiis, W. H. 1-1. Hubley; First Lieutenants, Frank B. Williams, Charles Carpenter, T. A. 1NIcLau-hlin; Second Lieutenant, Geo. W. Gillespie; Sergeant,, Johil A. Porter, Wm. H. Ayers, A. L. Thoinpson, Goo. W. Tracy, Enoch F. Lewis, P. D. Donahtie, Charles J. Vick, Henry 31urty, John S. Bain, Kinsey McFall, Arthur D. Gildernew; Corporals, Harvey Green, Isaac A. Neely, Jolin S. McC-andless, Sylvester Lillie, Leopold Bohny, Lenhart Roffnian, Ezra W. Davis, Williaiii Neyland, James Garra-rd, Jaiiies A. 1NIcLatighliii, Andrew Armstrong, William Fureliake,* James Sullivan,* Henry Wainback,i Orlando F. 13tcon;-% Privates, DeWitt C. Ayres, John C. Applebee, John Aiken, Lawrence Alcorii, Leander 31. Brown, Daviil Berry, George W. Bushiiell, Stewai-t Boyd, Thomas Breese, Cliarles Brown, Isaac Boose, Earl D. Bates, Henry Babbitt, Normaii. Brinihall, Ot-laiido C. Brown, ITI:tttliew ("arroll, William Copeland,%' Joseph C. CumInriiii-s Georoe W. Dilloii, John C. Donal(isoii, John Decker, James Dieli, Geoi-ge Eclirio-toii, Jaii-ies Furi-iian, Anios B. Frisbie, Williaii-i J. Ftillerton, Thon-las FLiqua, William Fails, Levi Fritz, John Grumbling, George W. Garrison, Frederielc M. Gipner, Heiiry Gartly,* David Glenn,* Benjamin I-loalc, Almoiid Harrison, John liodkinson,Win. Hickenbotheh, Josliua Hawtliorii, Johii Hauck, Josepli Hughes,* Louis W. Holmes,* Wm. Hendrickson,* Jolin Heflich, Henry Jeremy,*Joseph Kenier,Joseph Kemp,Jacob Kale, 3latthias S.Kennedy, Jacob Leach, Jaiiies Lei-iliart, Jos. Linnenbrink,* Bernard Aiiiri-ay, William H. illorley, Francis Martin, Daniel IVIarsh, J. A. L. McKenna, Joseph 31CCIelland. James McGrath, William McLain, Daniel 3fcKusker, Jaclison McConahy, Charles'McLaii-lilin, Henry INIeCaw, THichael 3leCarty, Sainuel Newton, Jaines Noonan, William H. O'Neill, Benjamin F. Peter, William K. Parks, James Pearce, John Parmet(,r,* Stiarf Powell,-` A. J. Reynelds, Charles F. Root, Daiiiel H. Rice, George W. Rice, I-lenry Reiloy, Jos. B. Rothrock., Robert Rtissell, Nlatthow Sinnett, Elmer E. Shefler, Androw W. Smitti, Frank Sweiiey, William H. Smea-1, Washington Sheets, Christopher C. Spence, Jolin P. Stiaffer, Jolin Sannon,`- Johii Smitt), William Shaffer, Thomas Tliompsoii, William J. Tayloy, John R. Thompson, Lewis Thompson, Cliristian Veitil, Josepli 31. Vorse, Valeiitirie Weise, Josepli Wood, Reinliart Wetzel, Albert Wetzel, William J. Wanipler, David Wilite, John Whiteinan, A. A. Washburn, Jacob IA. Windei-, Aiithoi-iy Whigrove,* William Yon, Henry Yon. 61)inpany K.-Captains, I-lanilet Lowe, Wm. J. iNfeCreary, AVilliain D. Jones, George H. Workman; First Lieutenants, Thonias Mooney,* Cliarles Wilkiiison, Ja-nies Vaiiee; Sergeants, James 11arsha, Cliarles Williaiiis, Josepii E. Jones, Jolin Renton, Johnson Gilchrist, Jolin Black, Roswell R. Beach; Corporals, Joseph Aiiiei-, Henry B. Lane, John Browri, Chas. L. Donaliue, Daniel S. Ward, William Jones, Saiiiuel Harper, Patrick Boyle, Henry Smally, Thomas Me-Grath, Jolin P. Leonard, Christopher Bt-ose, Johii Boyle,* Samuel R. Beatty;* Privates, George Albright, George W. Adams, Frederick Ashman, John Apple, Tliomas Asbury, John B. Ariiistroiig, William D. Andrews,* Daniel Brown, Isaac Brown, Daniel Brubaker, William Boyle, Philip Bender, Horace R. Bailey, Henry BurlKholder, Jacob Biielianan, John.Burk, Johii L. Burt, Jolin S. Brown, William J. Black, Shepley H. Boston, Joseph Blockiiiger, illatthew Rrown, William Bunigarten, John B,athurst, Richard Barrows, William L. Blair, David F. Blood, John G. Bittner,* Franklin Bateman,* John BricUe, Levi Catony, Stephen Coilwell, Josepli Cooper, Johii Cooper, Johii Daniels, Eli Dice, Cliarles Dunn, Thomas Dowler, Jr., F. B. Dticlcworth, Saniuel Daniels, James Douglass, Thomas Dowler, Sr., 1NIiIes Derskin, Williain Eavis, Saniuel Edge, Jolin Epley, Peter Flaiiegin, Freeiiian Fenton, Ashdere Frost, Samuel Fotilli, Johii Ferris', Daniel I. Greenfield, John B. Gaiiies, Cotiracl Glaser, Bernarl Givens, Williaii-i B. Goodrich, David Garlock, John B. Goo(lworth, James B. Gregory, Jol-in Hapner, David L. Huntley, George W. Halff, Joll 11 W. Harslia, James W. Hays, Thomas Jennings, John 31. Jones, Janies Jones, Noali W. Jewett, William -C. Johiison, John Keile, Joseph Knorr,* James Kelley, Benj. F. Kimberly, Wm. B. Lawrence, Joseph Lahul, Francis Lander, James Lunisdum, Cliarles Leonard, Heiiry A. Levake, Edward L. Lieper, Daniel Lieban, Joseph Linsey, Willis Lesure, Louis Lahnian, Wiii. Litidermail, Jerome J. Ivielhorn, Williani Tvftill, Jacob 31iller, Geor-e W. Marshall, Williani H. 3filler, Daniel TI. ilfangan, Ilenry lNlyers, Jonali C. Munn, George iNloser, Jesse 1VIeVicker, H. 1NIeWilliams, Jolin XcCabe,* Peter 3leAdams, Jatyies McClelland, Josepli Propeck., Samuel Pev:y, James Painter, Charles H. Paddleford,* Titus Priest, Williaiii H. Reynolds, Davicl Remley, James P. Raii(lall, Valentine Rauser, Joi-lathan J. Rockwell, Jacob Rhodes, Edwiii Read, Jacob Rola-iid, Derwiii D. Re-yiiolds, Hamilton J. Rod-ors, Robert Richat-dson, John C. Rowan, James Sniith, Joel Smith, Cass M. Sod-wick, Adolph Sellick, Eugene B. Swaii, Lewis Snow, Johii H. Sbrader, Sai-nuel Shoup, Jolii-i Siiiith, Geon,-e Shaffer, Jolin J. Scott, Charles Shaffer, John Sliaffer, C. A. Stanton, Robert S. Sellers, William S.,Skelley, John St. Johii, Jolin Skelly,*'William, Styiitli, Benj. F. Trump, Charles Taylor, Francis Timinerry,* Herniaii Wartz, Marion P. Way, Jason Way, E. R. Wellington, John Watson, Benj. Wharton, Janies R. Whitchill, E. D. Whitcomb,* Francis Wilhelm, Jesse W. Young, Robert B. Young,* Isaiali Ziegler, William 11. Ztimbro, Gooro-o Zimmerman. Coinpany L.-CaptaiDs, James D. McFarland, James D. Kirk; First Lieutenants, William J. Phillips,* William W. Fullwood, Alexander Wilson, Isaac Coldren; Secoi-id Lieutenants, Aiiios E. Swayze, Matthew Boyce; Sergeants, Thomas F. Sheering, John F. Brill, James S. Clark, William 0. SnoNvden, Robert D. Duncan, John J. Dell, H. N. Kirkpatrick, George W. Ha-iidbury, James 3leConnaghy, Samtiel T, Bovard, James Hunt (2d), Andrew Kaynes,* Thomas A. Speiiee -,* Corporals, George Phillips, Henry Wolf, Levi 3lummaw, James McFeely, Jaii-ies AleGinn, David Dean, Benj. 31. Clark, Robert D. Diineati, John D. Ifughes, Allisoii Stepheiis, James Hiiilt (Ist), Wm. P. Griffith, Win. Montgomery," Robet-t Miller;* Musicians, John Bi-icker, Heiiry L. Wolf; Pi-ivates, Aii-ibrose Aii-imon, Tliomas Ammon, George Aiiimori, Williani Aniiiion, Nieliolas Amer, Josepli F. Brielcer, William Beaver, Jaines Barclay, George W. Briggs, Tl-ioiiias E. Barnes, -Coluinbus Bailey, Daniel Britner, Aclam Byi-ely, David Brown, Alfred Brattell, Josiali Brooks, Corneliiis Bacoii, Wells Bacon, Jolin Y. Baldwin, Wm. H. Byers, John Blair,* Sylvester Brady,:`- Albert Bearch,* Harrisoi-t A. Bell, Joliii E. Chroniger, Adam CAuffnian, Charles S. Clark, Wiii. H. H. Cl-iester, AVarren Cliaffe, E. A. Clironiger,? Philip Curran,* Felix Curran,* George W. Dunning, William Diin-aii, Samuel Dickson,,Sainuel. Dunmire, James Dungan, David Edwards, George Elliott, Williaiii Eckley, Albei-t Eakin, Charles A. Eato n, John Fairley, Gabriel Fernes, Janies Fitzgerald, Israel Grace, Jacob Gearhart, Hen i-y Glass,* Henry W. Hoali, Daniel W. Ha-utley, Joseph C. 1-Iartley, Samuel Hassiii-er, Charles Hottinges, A. L. Highborgor,* John Hinds, Johi-i Howard, Henry Jack-son, Heiiry James, Ncilson Kliiie, George Kelly, George W. King, Henry Kennedy, Jacob Keyer, Joseph Kiiig, Albert Ludecko, James H. Lawton, George Lazbern, Wm. 1NI. Lutes, Joliii Lainaii, Win. 1-1. Miller, Williaiii 311ort, Eli L. Morgan, Josepli Martin, Jesse'Musser, Jolin Michaels, Andrew Moss, Win. J. Mulholland,* W. James Mulholland,* David Miller,* Josepli A. Miller, Jaiiies MceCorniick, Jaines H. McGill, Leiiiuel McKain, James Y. MeWaine, Jolin 1-1. INIcKee, Jaines 1NIeCord, James MeGiiire, Micliaol iNieWilliams, Francis McCord," John McConaha,* Tliomas McAuliffe, Joseph Newell, George Newvell, Reece F. Neeld,* Siiiionl Price, Jaimes Pattersoii, Johli- R. Pipper, James Pattersoii, David Parke lr,* Get m.Itn Riclei, Willian-m Riden, Joli-hll icliwine, Jolhn H. Riliiio-, Jamles Rctmsey, M1ilford B. Rhodes, Johli Risiing, Charles Richlard, Mlatthias S. Roiise, Johii Reaml,* Peter Rosbarger, John Smith, Benjamin,Shlaner, Willictm Sechirist, Thoulals Straiin, leiilry Sharrow, Samuiel Struink, IHenry Shriver, Joseph W. Shirey, Joliii B. Shinmel, Johii S. Stull,.Jeremiahl Shoaff, Henlry Shookv, Henry Sager, Jalltmes W. Saiiier, Willianll L. -Sinithl," George W.' Streamler, Binlket Sales, Benjamin Triixal, John Tallon, Janiles H. Truly, George W. Ussolto)n,% Emlanulel Womei-, Williani Wliipple, Joseph Wllite, Thomas Welchi, Cliarles Wrighlt. Canq)aocny Mzl-Captains, Saii-iuel L. Fllwlxood, A. D. J. HeaStiDgS; First Lieutena nts, Wni. R. Re.ad, Chas. H, Fllwlsoodl, Johin Aiken; Secollcd Lieutenlants, Wiii. WicConwvay, Albert Aiidersoil; Setrgeants, John E. Williarns, Sim-pson H-. Daft, Fralncis lHollaiid Lewvis Ross, Albert Pa-le, Isaac Basehore, JacobS Reielic, Jo)hn- P. Rio gs, C. L. Minnemeyer," Wesley McCabe,* Wml. P. Bro-%VD,* Solomoii J. Bare, Pet-ry Wetzel, Georg.Hl H. IV. Huffhap-le, A. D. Hiinniwell, J. M. 3101.ltnanny, Joshlua Beck, David J. Browvli, Wm. H-. King, Ferclinand Sernin, Jacob B. Evans, Wii-. B. Evains, Joseplh Hulck,* Robei-t J. Bulrham;* MIusicianls, lEIenry F. Barker, Jas. Plowmllan; Privates, Jonathan Albright, Richard Allen, Silas Allen, Wm. B. Allison, Williami- L. Bacdger, *Peter J. Bare, George Buffington, Johii Bargay, Johii Brindle, Johli L. Balioup, H-enry C. Bahoup, Jolhn B. Barclell, Nicliolas Burgmlana, Lewis F. Bi-owni, Louis F. Broivii, Eli Bennett, Daniel E. Bi-ooks, Charles A. Blakely, George W. Crain, Stephen Cranclell, Charles H. Cobb, Williani iNI. Clarke, Jarnes Ctilver, Heniry Cook, WAm. B. Ckldwell, James Cainpbell, C. H. Chamberlain,* Wm. Cuthbertson, Davicl Durmtyer, Jamies 13., Davi.s, Freclerilck Dierst, Stephen M1. Doty,* Hu-h Doniielly,* John Fishler, Jolin Forsythe, John W. Fuink, Williamll P. Fullmer, Sebastian Fislie, William Grawvnon, John Griffith, Joseph Greenough, Johri WV. Goodwin,:Sarnuel Green, William Hollis, Andrlew J. H all, Johnl A. Hoffmlanl, Aildrewv Hauck, Josepli C. Harper, Thos. A. Healstings, Thomlas S. H.are, Robert Harper, Edgar- Harris,*- John 1M. Hosaek,* Davicl Hann1ah,: Peter Herbert, Biarcis L. Josliii, Lemuel Jones, Slherrod King, Fred. IJ. Killioii, George MI. Kirlg, William Kelsey, -John J. Kiefer, Thoinas J. Kirise, 1Matt. S. Kennecly, Leonicdas Kelley, Heiiry Konracl, War-ren KVimble, H-eliry Kord(es, Williamr E. Laird, James W. List, Charles E. Lalie, WVilliam iNIindshower, John BItundshower, Jamies Mlaul, Henry Mletcalt, Henry It. MIiller, Samuel B-Iorter, Clarke BIain, Samuel:INiller, Datvid G. M,itchell, Johii L. Ivills, Frank P. 1NIcGirk, Artliur McCoinlell, Seely I3. McCarthy, William S. MIcCormick., Willialm M~cGregor,* John MNcClella-,n,* Thomas McDowvell,* EdwvardI McGovern, James S. Nolan, Williaiim II. I'oole, Stephen H. Price, Jatcob Pfoutz, William Phillip.s, James S. Parson, A. L. Patterson, Davidl J. Perkzins, Jatmes Powell, John G. IRay, Cliarles C. Ralpli, Williso)n H. Robb, Joseph Rice, Cliarles H. Rolhbocl., Jolin P. Rowve,* Christophei- Smit1h, Jolhn Snycler, Satmuel L. Stewacrt, Gerhard Smctll, Williatm Shleppard, Geot-ge S. Sylkes, Cliarles A. Shannon, Benj. It. Stanfor d, George W. Simitlh, Fre(lerick Sherrod, Jolin Smith, George Snlyder,* -Lewis H. Staiiten, Richard A. Trotter, Jolhn Tomer, Robert Tucker, Fultonl Thompsoll, Franlk Furb)ett, Johii Tout,* Cyrus B. White, Jolin Wiiilz-ler, Saiiiuel C. Weaver, Willian-i Watson, Wiii. C. Wall, Jr., Austin C. Wooster, Edward Watkins, Jai-iies M. AVihle., David 1-1. Waters,* John Yauzger, Clii-istopher Yeager. Unassigned men.-Privates, Charles A. Btireli, George D. Barclay, Johii BrLtdy, Jacob D. Becker, M. Cuiininghani, Charles Curriii, Fraiicis D uiilevy, Oliver Dupes, J. Ed-ar Eckman, W. H. Enisminger, Charles Finley, James Feni-iy, Jolin Fagan, August Geiver, Jacob Gli(ler, Williaiii Ileary, Charles Ja-noci, Charles Jay, Josepli Jones, Johii Kearney, Philip Knipl), William Keeti, Saiiitiet Merriman, Henry _.M. Oberdorf, Williaiii Rone, Johi-i C. Trimble, John Wilson, Cliarles Wliite, Steplien D. W-yard, Fraiicis J. Webbeii. ONE I-IUNDRED AND TIIIRD REG131ENT. Company C.-Recriiited in Allegliei-ly Coui-ity. Captains, Simon P. Towi-isend, Albert Fahnestock, Johii 31. Coeliran, Thoii-ias A. Coeliraii; First Lieutenant, James M. Wilson; Sergeants, Wilson S. Cochran, Baptist 11,Scott, Samuel 31. Evans, Jolin A. Gwinn, Wli-1. J. Stoup, Wra. MeElti-esti, Wm. T. Coleinan, Jolin Low, Robert 1NI. Dunn, Wiii. iNT. Barr, Jaii-ies 1-1. Chambers, David Scarem; Corporals, George Forward, Saiiiuel A. Kier, Ltither S. Dickey, Francis 31. Fleiiiing, George W. Pifer, Robert M. Watson, Salein Crum, Isaac W. Wariier, AndroNv J. Scott, Thonias J.'LNIcKee, Wm. lieceli, Andre-w M. Wilson,* Wni. P. Courter;* 31tisicians, Lewis Barlett, Dallas B. Titylor, John C. Aiistin; Privates, David Altman, 11. 31. Ammend, Philip Antliony, Wm. Altman,* Joseph Austin,* Tati-ier Aiitlioiiy,* RoOert Bash, Thomas.11. C. Beer, Jaines Beatty, Ad,,tm. Bargerstoclc, Winfield S. Birch, Jacob Bei-tiley, Janies Caiifield, George W. Cochran, Johii Clark, Tlioiiias Coiinell, Dennis Connoi-, Woodward Carter, Win. W. Cochraii,* Lutlier Cribbs,"' Johil Couch, George Coucli, M. Dicke, John Davis, David 11. Dickason, Wm. Dougherty, Jacksoti Davis, Solomon Dentzell,* y r, Adani Davis, Jan-tes Elgin, Sani-Liel Elo-iii, Sai-nuel Fii-iclley (Ist), Saiiiiiel Findley (2d), Benjamin Franklin (Ist), Benjamin Franklin (2d), Alex. Fleming, John Fleniing, Jolin J. Galla-her, Jeremiah George, Johii Graden, Johii Goudy, Jacob Gilly, Martin Harlilet-oad, George D. Hetrick, David Hetrick, ITozeliiali Helty, Thonias Hamii-ier, Wiii. Harkleroad, Peter W. lietrick, Win. Hays, John L. Jones, Davicl Kiiigii-iore, David A. Kennedy, Emanuel Lore, James E. Lafferty, Jacob Linsenbi-ler, Charles C. Laiig, George Masbaughle, Samtiet 31urphy, Tiiomas A. Meredith,'*- Wm. J. Murdock,* Wm. M. 1NIcKillips, George W. Meliee, James McConkey, Josepti TvIcIntire,* Joseph McGuire, John Noble, Crowder Pacieii, George W. Pantions, lienry Pifer,* Hiram Price, Wm. G. Risher, Edward Rogers, John Richar(IS, Pliilip Sniith, Wiii. H. Sheaffer, Jereiiiiali Schrecengost, John Shultz, Reese Shay, John C. Speer, Jacob Stockdill, Wni. R. Stewart, Israel Sadler, Sliarp W., Scott, Jaities Stiteli, Johiii F. Slioup, Jacob Stiffy,* Jolin R. Smith,* Isaac Stiffy, Joseph B. Travice, Matthew L. Teaff, Samuel Thompson, Jesse 13. Wilson, Patrick Welsh, John, Yount.* Company ri.-Recruited in Allegheny and Clarion Cotii-ities. Captaii-is, Math. B. 3lcDowell, Josiah Zink, Johii Donaghy; First Lieutenant, Jailies H. Chambers; Second Lieiitenaiit, I-leiii-y 11. Neely; Sergeants, Allen B. ("ross, David Rimei-, Eli Arnio-ast, Win. E,. Grahain,* Jolin H. White, Henry G. Reese, Jacob S.Delp, Michael Hawk, NArm. McElhany;* Corporals, Saiiiuel H. Stewart, Jacob Brock, Robert AV. McGarrah,:iBenjaiiiin Mortimer, Johii Smutliers, Benjamin Edwards,': Collins Boyd, George E. Frill,* Charles Stewart,* Wm. Bowstaff, Robei-t G. Dill, Weldon S. Zilefro; iitisiciLti-is, Wni. D. Keefer, Sainuel A. Alooney, David Anderson;* Pi-ivates, Samtiel W. Anderson, Saiiiuel Anderson, Wm. Akins, Wiii. Bort.,, Wilder 31. Boyle, Hardin W. Boyle, Bariiey Beabout, David 1NI. Barr, Johi-i P. Bruner, J. Raiilr-iii Boyle,* James Burns,* Joliii, Borts,* Jacob Bish,* George Borts,* James Carson, James W. Copic,* Jesse Doarinont, Evai-is Dahle,:',Sylvester Dahle,* Harnian. Diiiiele, Absalolii Eniehizer, Samnel Emehizer, Jolit-i 1-1. Friel, Wm. A. Fulton, Johli M. Ftiltoii, Joseph Fritz, Beiijaiiiin Graliain, Artemtis G. Grant, David Harti-iian, Adam Herr, ltobert Htinter, Robert Hen-LIS, JOSepll liotigli, Daniel Jones, David Jolli-istoii, Alexaiider Keitli, Harvey Kness, Nnthony - Kerns,* Iletiry',arns, George W. Ketli, Michael Kissir)ger, John Lowers, Fratil'clin Mohney,* Heiidersoii Mohney,`- John Mayhood,* Jaiiies P. Miller,:' Thomas Mortimer,* Johii Tvlyers,'': AdLtiii H. Marsh,* Georue B. Mohney,* Michael McNanny, Josepli McGregor, Jaines 3leCoy, David McPherson,* Jolin Oler, George Pence,* Robert C. Platt,* Robert Platt,* Wm. L. Reed, David Rankiii, Thoiiias Reed, James Randolph,* Thoiiias B. Reed,* Jacob Rtiff,* Jaiiies Ramsey,* Atidrow J. Saliards, Leiiiuel C. Sla-le, Theodore G. Sloaii, Geor,ge Sny(ter, Patrieli Sweeny, Wiii. W. Sanford," I-Itistoii J. Sloan,* -foliii Springer,* Janies W. Saxtoii,* Wiii. B. Sinith,* Joseph Sampson,* Milton Tlioi-iipson, Robert Taylor,'*- Reese Thompson,* Jostiua Vau-hn, Win. B. Watterson, Michael Wenner,:`- John Yockey,* Loy B. Young, Sebastiai-i Zirl.* Coi-ibpany L-Recruited in Alleglieny and Butler Couiities. Captains, Wilsoii C. iNlaxwell, William Fieldiilg; First Lieutei-iants, William C. McKrum, William 11. Keister; Secoiid Lieutenant, G. K. 31. Crawford; Sergeants, Jackson 3leCoy, Michael Dtiffy, Williaiii McBride, Jolin S. I-lodil, John C. Applegate, Jailies McKain, William Gorniau, Jacob S. Keister;` Corporals, Jolin Kelly, Aiidrow J. BicCoy, Pavid 3leCoy, Alplieus Walker, John McAiiallaii, Davi(I S. Raiiisey, Jarnes Range,1- Hirain Donaldson,* Jaiiies Harper,* A. G. C. Johnston,* Johii B. Porter;"- llusiciai-is, James N. Elliott, Daniel Albri-ht, Oliver P. Harris;* Privates, Pattoii Bell (Ist), Patton Bell (2d), Jos. Blakely, Saml. Berringer,* Artlitit, Crawford, Jas. Collingwood,* Chas. Cochran,* William 11. Croop,* Janips Cowen, Nathan E. Davis, Williaiii P. Dunlap, M.ajor J. Davicisoii, Thoiiias J. Day,:,: Siiiioi-i Duffy,* Saiii-Liel H. Dunlap,* David Eakin, Samuel E. Flei-iitiiin-, Johii Fielding, Saiiiuel Gibson, William R. Gilmore. Josepli S. Griffin, George W. Griffin,* John Griffin,,- Jolin Ghost,* David 31. Gallagher,* Alexander Hilliard, Oliver P. Hardy, Pitilip B. Hovis, Thonias C. Ilocket, William Hail-iiltoii, Christoplier Henderson,* James Hamilton,* Heiiry Hobaugh,* Jolin S. Joseph,* Williaiii Joseph,* Uriali Kiester, Samuel Kelly, Epapl-iro's Kiester,* James S. Lytle, Albert G. Mayberry, WiIMAm Major,* Fowler Miller,* Tlioiiias L. Morris,* Janies 31. Maxwell,* Jolin W. Miller, R. M. McElphatrick, Tlioiiias 3icCoy, Jolin McGuirk, D. MeElphatrick, Josepli P. McAnallaii, Samiiel 3leNees, HeIiiiJ. TllcGill,* Jaiiies 3leSorly, Calviii McCoy,:i- Eltiah 11. McDonald,* Patrick MeAnallan,* 3lattliew McNees,* James K. McCl eary,* Janies P. McLaughlin,* Jitiiies McGee,,: Patrielc Nolan,* Fraiicis Natt, Tliomas O'Connor,* James W. Orr, Willian-i Powers,* Saii-itiel P. RaDge,* Williaiii Reed, William Staff, Alartin Staff, James Shinar, David Stine(lurf, 31ilo Sankey,* Saiiluel Sylvies,* Robert 31. Seeton,* John A. Thompson, John N. Thoii-ipsoii, Jolin D. Taggart, Paul L. Taylor, Richard West, Samuel Walker, Richard Walters, Hugh A. Weakly.* Coinpany K.-Recruited in Alle,,I-h(,ny and Ariiistrong Counties. Captain, Janies Adams; First Lieutenant, David Al. Spence; Second Lieutenant, Wiiliani B. Croson; Sergeai-its, Dailiel Krucr, Joseph C. Mapes,`- Alex. Diiiiean, Tlioiiias Walters, Davicl Baughman, David Cartwri-ht, Heiiry Graff, Jaii-les Sorgent, Joseph Thorn Corporals, Oliver P. Canipbell, Henderson Richey, Iltigh Siiiith, Thomas Craft, Abram Beatty, Newtoii Stoughton, John Staii-le;" Musicians, Clarence B. Gelston, Sylvanus G. Rosaiisteel, William 11. Caldwell;'-: Privates, John Allinan,* Frederick Beek, Thonias Btirns, William Bryaiit, flenry Beelar, Jolin W. Blair,* Janies Burk,* Geol-ge W. Bowers,* J. C. Boyle, Hugli Caii-lpbell, Georgre Carltoi-1, James A. Courtney,* Saii-il. Calvin," Joseph Cox,* James Denning, Patrick Digeman, James Fitzgei-alds, Alexancler Forbes, Hi-i-li Fitzsh-nn-ions, William Ga,rdner, Dolplius Garrett, Ricliarcl Griffitli, FrailcisIloover, Harrison Heasley, John Hawk, Thomas Hogan,* Titus Hai-dy, John Huglis, James 31. Jones,* Williani Justice,* Edward Keyser, H. W; Kaemerer,* Tliomas Knox,* John Koch,* Terrence Lau-hriti, Anios Lindsey, Pkttrick 31iirphy, Jacob Tdorelatid, J. 11. Moreland, John W. C. MeCtirdy, John 31cClung,* Franklin McIntyre, Jolin TvlcFarlaild, Andrew Nelson,:" Aaroii Pei-iny, George Pettigi-ew, Joliii Price,* Richar(I R. Riland, Samuel Reed,* Hugh Rich,ardson,* Thomas C. Reeseman,* Jaines R. Rose, Geot-ge Sticiam, Patrick Shea, Lamberton Seaton, Tllos. A. Sinitli, George Smitli, Patrick Sullivati, Robert St. Clair, Johi-i Sharrett, Michael Sheridan,* Saml. Shoop,:'.' Alfred G. Sliira, Andrew Thorn,* William Todd,* Johii Taylor, Jacob Al'oltz, James Wills, Williaiii Wragg,* JoliD Worchter,* Edward AV. White,* Jacob Weaver,* Lewis Wise,* Calvin Wait. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH REGIMENT. Coml)any D.-Recrtiitecl in Alle-heny aiid Clearfield Counties. Captains, John Rose, Levi Bird Duff, Isaac' L. Platt, Williaiii Kelly; First Lieuteilaiits, William W. Worrell, J. P. 11. Cummiskey,* Joseph L. Evans, Horace Warner; Secoi-id Lieutenants, Charles C. Wilsoii, George Gibson, Charles H. Powers,''- James Silvis; Serge(ints, J. K. P. -McCullough, Johii Mclindig, George 0. Riggs, Wm. C.'McGarvey, Blilton Craveii, Ebeiiezer Bullars, Jol-iii C. Johiisoii, Mahlon B. Loux, Isaac M. Teiiiple; Corporals, Josepli F. Wolford, Johii R. Sliaffer, Robert Scott, Jaiiies Hare, Osborti Hod, Eclwarcl Kline, Daniel R. Snyder,* James H. Gi-eeii, Gilbraith Patterson, Charles E. Hoel, Johii B. Ilorniiig, Darius Vastbinder, D. 1-1. Paullianius, Andrew 1NIcKolvn, Jerome B. Taylor; Privates, Blilton J. Adams, Ben.j. F. Alexander, Aiyios Aslikettle, Ebenezer 0. Bartlett, John Berchtold, Johii Bickerton, Pliilip Black, Daniel Bowers, Johii Boyle, Joliii Becker, Davicl Bell,'Richard Bedell, Silas Bouse, Oliver P. Boyd, Jolin Bulgar, Asa Bowdish, Byroti Bryant, Williaiii Cameron, Ciii-istopher Chadderton, Jolin S. Christie, George. Colston, Isaiah Corbett, Jai-iies R. Corbett, Saiiiuel Criswell,* Ai-idrew Christie,-1- Edward Cox, Anson L. Curry, Joel Clark, Vincent Crabtree, James 1NI. Cree, Eli B. Cloinsoii, Fraiieis Davis, Williaiii Dunn, Thomas Davis,* James Devaniiy, 3lattheiv Eagleson,* Andrew Eicher, James Fair, Samtiel Free, Calviii Fryer, John Fleii-iiiig, Jacob Frickie, C. Fischer, Charles 31. Frazier, Ransom Fi-ceman, Simon Fulton, Charles Frick, Charles Grahain, William Griffith, Janies K. Griiiiley, Saiiiuel Gross, Jaines Gracey, Androw Heiidorsoti, Alexander D. floel, Ilei-iry Iloiiser, Josiah INI. I-lays, SmtiLiel S. HayZs,4" Johin 11illiarld,- Sebastianl Hoganl,* Rober t Hunlter, Isti,ali Haines, Wm. Hamlma., Nathaniel 133. Hlipple, Williamr E3. Hoe], Geo. Hollenb)ack, LJyman Higley, Joliin Hennlessy, Eli Ice, Wilder Jackson, Jonlathan Jarmison, Jamles Kelly, John Kiiloll, Gottfriecl Kaii-ii-ur, H-einry Keys, Joseph F. Kirby, John Kliinger, Edlwarcl Knlapp, Fran-k Livinlgstoii, William Lightner, Joliii Mayberry, Datvid Mtilhollai-id, Janies 1NIurphy; Edwin MLar(luis, Jaiiies Mactk, Tlio.s. J. 1NIort-ison, 31alvin:Alul-ge-r, I-etiry Malrquett, Archibaldl F. Tffason, James McAtee, Cha rles A. 3tICloili, Sanmetl 31cFaddenl, William 3IcKeloy, Atlex. P.:icCardell, Davicl A. McGCardell, ReidI MIcF.d(lenl, S,,tml'l 1NIcUtulghlin, Johil MceLauglhlin, Irwin MlcCtitlichon, Natlian Noble,* Benlj. Newceomb, James O'Neill, Cas Jer Pletchier, Wm-i. Pennlington,* George Plotnler,"' Joseplh E. Pete, Josiahi Y. Rep)pealrd,* George L. RileyT,- Williaim Ridffley% Ch-arles B. Ross,* Josephl Reinlsel,: Johi-i Robinlson, Isaatc L. Re.irick, Soloim-on B. Riggs, John Rorabaulgh, Williarxl- t)L Riggs, S;tm'l K. Sliipley, Anldrewv Sites, George Siyiith, Herrllan Sneer, George StauLii, George r. Stiles, Gei-shon Salxton,: Williaiii Shaffor,* WVilliaim Sniilit,* Henry Shaffer,*- George Stokves," Joliii Siiiilit, Samlluel Shiart), lRichard Sti-iith, Isaac SaWlly, WVilliaim H. Saxtoll, Robert SElull, Perry Stiiilit, Ali-i-oi- Speilcer, John Stedhainl, Harry D. ThompsoD, James, Tlioiiipson, W1illiarm Tocld, Robert Tozer, Soloii-ioi- Tozei-, Charles Trulck, Boswvelt C. Tliorn, Gabriel Vastbinlder, Anthony Williaryls, Williamn Wilson, William WoodNvard, Henrly CJ. Wykoff, John Wilson," Geor-ge Woocl,`-Williarn Willianis, Charles D. Warner, John- Williatms, DEllis Wilson, George Wilson, Tlhoiiias F. Wilson, Henrly B. WYhite, George Yinlgling, Johni Yinlgling.* ONE HUNDRECD AND SEVENTEENTII REGIMENT-THIRTEENTH1 CAVALRY. (Coj'apany Ev.-Captaiiis, Pattrick K;ane,4' Natthaiiiel S. Sneyd,* Geor-e R. McIGuire- First Ljieutenatnts, Hugh1 Kelley, Jan-tmes Katlie, Dallliel Caldwvell; Seconcl Lieutei-tant, Williaim J. O'Catlla-lian;, Sergeatnts, _Matthiias B. -Morn er, George B. Catven, Hleiiry Snlycer, CElarles MI. ()liver, Solomoii Laupliahfm, Jainles E. Riley, Mlichatel Ra"Or, Nbrahainll Hershey, Simoni Swavinn, ElGinanuel Kophatrt, Jamles Rtissell, Janmes A. BiNiller, Johii A. BIiller, Jatmes T. Conlin, Isratel KVelly, I-Ieiiry Doughlerty, David H. Satrver,:htichael Shai-nleyr, Satmuel Bitughman, Bet, -iard Kenneclv,Platricl: Djti-Dherty, John Braiiaogh,tn, Be,rn-i, cl-dWh itney, B Felix Burns;- Corporals, William Clarlk, Sa^muel JCyle, WilLiaitn S. Titoiiits, Jatmes Arclhible, Batrthlolomewv Beach, Samuiiel S. Wilson, ifficliael. Laffexs, Richatrd MIcC:tffery, Loi-iis Lipp)s, Johii 1tillihern, WYitliaii- Leezulre,* John _TIuorray,:1 Albaert Storm-* Mltclt.snlith, Wm. Aloex;ander; S tcldller, Jitmeos W. Steptieiis - Privates, Wml. B. Alexatnder, Robert B. Alexa-nder, Hlenry Aiimsbau-Ih, Tlieoclore Aiimbrosiat, Joliti G. Bridath.tm, James C. B trger, Jaii-es Br yanl, Johnl Blyler, John Btishby, Samuel Blair, D tnliel Btiriis, Jolin Blacki,' George Bish,,-p, Johni C. Beneigh, John C,hristianl, George (Cover, Wiii. Case, Clhas. Cary, Derinis CXasey, Wm. C amlpbell, Johri Canzoly,4% John Carey, Edwatrd CDoll, Patrick C:olligan, Cl-l(trles P. Coates, Tfioinas Cinlamonlfl, WVilliarin Dodsoti, Nalth tnl T. Diilgman, Wlll. Donally, Benjaiiiin Duffee, IHuo-l Dawi.onl, Joseph Donal-iue, Peter Dalaney, John Daugherty, Leiz L. Daughlerty, John Dunlnin, John Du-gan, John Dalvis, WVilliaml Davis,* John Englisli, Thoiiias Elton, Daniel Egan, Henry ErdHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.W. W. I-lutchinson, James S. Hastings, Jesse Hildebrand, William J. Jamison, Darlington Johnston, Thomas, Reown, Ebenezer W. Kidd, Mark B. Kc-Iso, IVilliaiii 1-1. Loilg, Christian Liglitliill, Jolin McC. Lindsay, Francis A. Marks, John A. 31iller, Joseph Miller, Andrew S. Miller, William B. May, Johii It. May, James 31clAillan, A. T. 3leKnight, Itoliei-t McCasland,* James Meli. Noi-i-is, Tllomas H. Orr, Isaac Pinliei'ton, Jolin H. Plankinton, David D. Ramsey, Josepli B. Ross, Boice M. Poss, AndreNv Ru,,sell, Jr., 3,1,ttthew A. Ileed, Samuel Italston, Silag Stuckrath, David B. Stc-Nvart, Joliti Slacker, Robert Sneed, Charles Schwarberg, Nelsol-i Todd, Samuel Ttiompson, Jolin Tuf'ts, Joseph Welsh, William B. -Willard, Benton Wliistoi), LaNN-i-ence S. Wilite. Company II.-Captain, Siiiioii Di-tim; Fii-st Lieutenant, Samuel Long; Secorid Lieutenant, Lc-yi R. McFann; Sergeaiits, Robert W. Sainuel T8,-gLrt, George B. Lindsay, Williani H. Ricidle, George A. B. Cooke, Addisoti S. -klarquis, Jolin J. Downey;* Corporals, Albert F. Scott, Albert R. Girty, At-thur Steelv, James Emberson, Williim C. BleCord, Joliii S. Nieliol, Thoinas H. Cargo, William Smilh; 3lusiciaiis, W. H. Helphinstine; Privates, Richard L. Adams, Johii Allum, Albert Lowti, Ambrose Brown, Chai-les Berrylifll, William C..Biirk, Thomas T. BradshaNv, George M. Baliei-, William H. Bothwell, James 0. Bi-own, Williani T. H. Campbell, John Cage, Peter Coge, George W. Carson, Isa,LC Crawford, Joseph Crawford, Daniel C. Crawford, Samuel R. Charlton, Dennis Donoghue, 1-lenry F. Eggers, FraDIc X. Fislier, William Fiiike, James G. Guthrie, Barnet G. Guthrie, John Gillian, J r., Geor-ge W. Given, Cyrus Gold,': Johii Hood, Ematiuel Hannaii, Edward Kirlr., Joliii 31. KirIT, 3lichael Long, Fraiik Lindsay, Joseph Lititon, Thoiiias T. Alarshall, Thomas M. Tvlarshall, Henry P. Moore, James W. Milliket), Colliii W. 31inor, Samuel W. 31orrison, Richard B. Maxwell., Lewis Mooii, Waltc-r 31yers, Josepli H. Montgomery, Henry IVIiilliii, Samiiel McClain, Isaac iNicCrackell, Wiltiam McFarland, Samiiel 3lcKelvey, Daidel. W. Peppers, Williain H. Porter', Heiiry Pi-att, Samuel A. Porter, John Potts, James C. Ritchey, William Rossell, Jaryies C. Robinson, Speiicer B. Redmoild, William H. Scott, Adam C. Smalley, George A. Shanet-, JiAnies Seals, Morgan H. Shealer, Edward Seville, Josepli Snyder, Gottleib A. Steiner, Milton P. Stillwell, William H. Syphers, Peter M. Syphers, Sylvaiius SamontoD,* Jollii Seville,: William Smalley,* Joliii 31. Wiley., Thomas WaIker, Andrew H. Woods, A. L. E. Wallace, Abram R. Woods, Johit H. Woods, Sainuel Woolslayer, Joliti C. Wliite, W. H. Zimmerman. Company L-Captain, Robert 1). Hiimes; First Lieutetia-iits, James R. Coulter,* Samuel D. Karns; Second Lietiteiiant, John C. Aii(lerson; Sergeailts, James E. liarns, John M. Minis, Mic hael Toohill, Johfi K. Scott, Janies G. Stewart, Andrew R. Marks; Corporals, Janies Lemon, H. Klingensmith, Robert Davidson,John C. Wilson, Williain Hart, Robert J. I'leiiiing, James Fiiiley, John Bail: y, Itobert 31. Reed,* Bei)jamin F. Noel, Williain Hunies; Privates, Cliarles Abicht, Jacob Alter, M eredith Ashbough, James 11. Argy1e, David Baker, John H. Baty, Robert E. Beatty, Jariies L. Black, Robert W. Boyd, John Bradley, Williani Broadfool, George R. Bi-own, George Brush, Harris Clark, Thomas Cassaday, Jolin Casserly, Washiiigton Clii-isty, Davi(i D. Clowes, Williaiii Culbert, William Dodge, Williaiii Donald, Edward M. Duff, William Edwards, John Ferguson, Herman Flack, Patrick Gaviii, Robert Gilby, Janies Graliam, Henry A. Greig, Cliarles C. Gregg, Jamea 1V1. Gregg, Jabez Griffiths, W. A. Himtiiilwriglit'. Robert Jackson, Thomas Jackson, Jolin A. Joiies, S. C. Kennedy, Jesse Kulin, Sainuel Kuhti, William G. Leslie, John H. Lewis, Joliii Lobough, William H. Lovea-11, John R. Mahaffey, MI-trk R. Mahaffey, Peter McC. Mays, George M. 3leans, Alexaiider Tylelville, Jolin B. Morton, Thoinas 3leCorialia, Williaii-i H. McCleary, Robei-t P. McKnight, Janies R. lklcKallil), Jolin R. MeLauglilin, Daniel _McMunD, David McMunn, Janies B. McLaughlin,* Jolin 1VIcIntyre,* Jacob F. Noel, John A. Oatman, John Pattei-sori, Jacob Phillips, William Riley, 31ilton Ross, George W. Riitter, Ttioiiias Rutter, Williani A. Ross,* Benson F. Sadcller, Jolin K. Sliilleii, Samuel Soles, Joseph P. Stark, Jolin C. Silvis,* Sylvanus Tantliiiger, William Tweedy,* W. S. Taiitlinger,* William Thompson,* David D. Wouderly, Robert Wilson, James M. Yotter, Matthew H. Youiig. Comp(tny If.-Captains, Henry 31axwell, Thon-ias 31axwell; First Lieutenants, James M. Hays, L. Brackenrido-e; Seconit Lietitenatit, Williaii-i McCallaii; Sergeants, Alexandei- H. Fraze, Williaiii F. Graham, lvlicliael Rice, Jaities T. Caldwell, Lewis G. Cole; Corpoi-als, Saniuel Clatworthy, William Ellis, Jobii Robinson, Jolin L. Hoffman, James M. Cornelius, Samuel Wai-den, William E. Walters, Bernard Callahan; IVIusiciaiis, Peter Martiii, Williaiii lqontgonlery; Pi-ivates, John Adams, Robert Ai-buclile, Elias C. Bell, Joliii W. Bragden, Henry Bi-own, Daniel Brown, Jolin W. Bayne, William H. Barker, Michael Buckley, William Bigley, Matthew Baird, Williain N. Bell, Jolin Belsher, William Bedo, Thomas C. Bogue, Joseph W. Cliapman, John A. Crawford, James Cassaday, James Cliat-Iton, Aiigiistus Cole, George Carver, William Coleman, Frank Calhoun, Daniel Clark, Jolin S. Clark, Peter Callahan,* Jolin Drew, Jolin De Zelly, Alfred Daiisan, Tliomas Eastwood, George Elliott, Adam Farber, John Fry, Heiiry Grove, Johii Gordon, George Gardom, Josepli H. Gaver, Ifeiii-y Hamilton, Charles Havis, Fred'erick Harii-ier, Thomas J. Hiiglies, Artlitir Hillman, Steplien S. Jackson, William F. Johiison, George Kaul'nian, Josepli lieetier, Alexander Lawson, Isaac Lopham, David 3lui-roy, Pij ul 31iller, Robert Miirphy, David M. Noi-i-isori, Jacob Merriman, Jacob C. Maxseinier, John Nlinnis, Daniel illeGary, Alexander McKee, John 3lcCully, fleiiry Norman, Alexaiider Orr, Jolin Ori-, Joseph Porter, George Patterson, Johri Powell, Jolin Qiiinn (2d), Jolin Quinii (Ist),Josiah Riley, IvUlliam Reynolds, Albert Ramsey, Josepli Richardson, George Rotrock, Jaiiies Reed, Davi(i Starofinger, Micliael Stephens, David Shaffer, John L. Sinith, George, C. Smith, Mattliew Sylvester, Constiiie Trasher, John Wanel-, Alonzo M. Youiig. ONE IIUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTII REGIMENT-NINE 31ONTES' SERVICE. Colonel, Thoiiias 31. Bayiie; Lieutenant-Colonel, Isaac Wright; Adjutant, Alex. H. Rodgers. Company E.-Captains, Isaac Wri-lit, David Evans; Fii-st Lieutenant, Jaines Rotith; Second Lieiitenant, Jacksorl Scott; Sergeants, Albert Peart, Williaiii Allison, George Schiiieder, John Melieown, Johii C. Birkett; Corporals, Jolii-i 3lcClelland, Wesley B. Dravo, George B. Vogely, John,Bilyien, Madison Lendrum, Williani 11. Scott, Alfred Gebby, James Edgin; Musician, Jolin McAleer; Privates, Joseph 31. Boyle, Joseph Bray, Joseph Balier, Wm. Bum-artle, Williaii-i Baldwin, Geoi-ge Beelei-, Jacob ClarIK, Mfitthew H. Clark, Jolin Collins, Joseplius A. Calviii, Jolin Corrigan, Fraiililin B. Cooper, Jolin L. Carpeiiter, James Colliiis, Thoiiias Colliiis, William Cranston, James Cornelitts, Cxustavus A. Calvin, Oliver Corneliiis, Janies M. Colliei-, Josepli A. Diirning, Robert Eslei-, Alartin Foster, Dtvid A. Fin,low, Joseph Green, John GiblOD, Theodoi-e Graliam, Georcre Gunderman, Jttmes Graham (1st), Christian Garin, Williani Galancy, William Graham, William M 9 Green, Daniel Grall,* James Graliani (2d Andrew T. Hare, B-ichai-d flilliard, Josepli liolsingoi-, Thomas D. Holmes, Jacob Haslett, Jacob Kelley, Charles Kauffman, Joliii Iiinsey, flerjry Rletter, Daniel Killian,* George Myers, Robert McKeown, Jolin 3lcGowan, Wm. R. McDaniel, EzelKiel McFarland, Janies McDonald, Wm. R. McDonald, Bei-iiard McNai-nee, Aii(irew -McCready, Henry Ortb, Joliyi O'Brien, WilliaM Perring, S. W. PlatiIiintori, Reuben Rtindles, William V. Reel, Henry Ready, Robert Riindles,* Jolin Stoup, John Singletoii, Johii Sutter Jolin Sloop, Pati-iclc Stapleton, Saiiiuel Steele, John Sarver, Oris Sutter, Tiiomas Sturgeon, John Trimble, William Tui-nei-, Le-vi Umstead, James Welsli, Johii Weaver, Edward Walsli, William Youiig. Company F.-Captain, Edward J. Seibert; First Lietitenant, August Schwinii; Second Lieiitenants, Alfred C. Linds-ay,*James H. Bascom; Sergeants, Wn-i. J. Mahaffey, Alex. C. Diiiican, John E. Welsmarl, Robel't Hewitt, Mark Kurtz; Corpot-als, Johii BreNveston, Geot-ge B'Ills, Josepli Lytle, Henry Siiively, Tlioinas Burton, D. Lindermati, Henry Humes, David J. Coon, William Musser, Mai-tin V. Jackson;* Musician, Ford Teets; Privates, George Aclier, Alex. Andei-son, Solomoii Ariiold, Robert. M. Barbin, William G. Berry, William Blaclc, Cliarles Bolzs, Jolin G. Bi'yaDt, Jolin W. Briggs, George E. Chestei-, James Cannon, William J. Clapp, William Caskey, William Collins, Cliarlefi Iteese, Frederick Conrad,* George Craig, Jacob Delatiey, Wm. F. Douglierty, Williitm Dtigan, Torrence Daley, Charles Englis, Einanuel Eclier, Clement Elbei), Robei-t Fowler, Robert F. Fowfer, William E. Foale, Geoi-ge J. Gazzam, James Geddes, Michael J. Guering, James Gormley,* Justice I-lar(lwjclc, David Hei-roii, Williiii-ii N. Htill, Itieliard Jones, Tlioinas G. Jones, James A. Jaclison, Williani W. Kennedy, Abi-aliLim Kimberley, William Keatin-, H. Lightheigher, Geoi-ge R. Lynch, Edward G. Magee, A. C. Montgomery, Robel-t Moore, Marcus Mol-ton, Geol-ge Mortimer, Jolin G. Myers, W. A. 3leCtitelieon, Joseph E. Oliver, George Ockner, Jaclcson Oi-ner, William J. Pattei-so n, Jolin Peale, Hazel Powers, Peter RatUgan, Frederieli R. Rapp, Frederick Stitilet-, Robert W. Sergeant, John Smeltz, Powel Smeltz, William Smeltz, Heiiry Sclilegel, George Smeltz, Geoi-ge Scbade, JOIID J. Seliade, Willian-1 Sullivan, Robert S. Stoner,* Emai-iuel Staley,* Joliii H. Selineidei-, Edward Timony, Josepli Yincent, Henry Walker, Isaac A. Willis, James Wallace, Christian Weaver, Williaiii Wi-i-lit, William Wood, Jr., Evans Williams,* James Youngson, James M. YouijgCompaity G.-Captaiii, Henty W. Larinier; First Lieutenants, James G. Ftilton, Henry Barker; Second Lioutenaiit, Samiiel Dickey; Sergemits, Edward C. Negley, William E. Loiig, Jacob Meixner, Saniuel Davidson, Goo. Woolslayer, Wasliitigton Lowry; Corporals, Noi-ris Itiiisoii, Robert McGuire, Jeremiali Ambers(vn, Robert F. Barnett, Samuel F. Gtithrie, James Simons, James Piersol, Wm. H. Heverley, Lewis Barnett, John C. McClang;* 31iisiciaiis, William Aber, I-lenry R. Huiiter; Ilrivates, Jacol) A. Alter, John Ackerman, Samuel Adams, Jolin Barr, Jr., Charles Barker, Jolin C. Boyce, James C. Borland, Aiidrew Brown. James Baker, Johii L. Bolinger, Hii-ani Baughman, Renry Brubaker, Benj. F. Brubaker, Williani C. Bell,: Pljilip Cyphers, Jolin Cory, Patrick Ctillen, J. T. Cuiiiiingliani, Michael Ciiiie, Josepli Clai-li, Joliii Cheetam, Joseph B. Cliiie, Joliii Colhocker, Joseph Z. Clarl,-% Elias B. Davidson, Jolin Deaniei-, Thoiiias Do-Ligherty, Joseph C. Dougliei-ty, Wilson Doiialdson,'Xichael Fix, Fi-anklin B. Ferre, Jacol) Green, Leiiion Griiiies, Peter Geary, John Ilefflinger, Chas. H1. Harrisoii, Joseph Heiiderson, D. Himlbelrighlt, Tlioiiias Jories, Henry Iiing, F. Lim-egi oover, Jotseph Liiiiegroover, Williani Metz-rar, Samuel Nlitchell, Mattthew MNitchell, Robert Max %Aell, Johi TlMills, James McKinnley, James MIcClellandc, Geo. M. 3IeGoiiffer, Wm. 1McMannis, 1Heniy MceGee, Henry 3IcKiiiley, Jaii-ies Noble, J.acob Pifer, Attron Pettegrew, Joseph R. Phillips, Hiilam A. Powvers,* Hlenry Reichard, Ep)hraim S. Rob)inson, Jarnes B. Robinsoii, Beiij. Mv. Rehard, Williaili Steen, Johin Simons, Jo)hn Stewart, Robei t Scott, Powell Seifred, Cornelitis Stottler, Williaiii ~;tralhley, Jacob) Sliade, William J. Stewart, Jacob Soland,* Charles H. Tuclier, Johni Vanlhornl, Williami Whlite, Jaiiies Woolslalyer, George F. Weitzel, H-erlily Young, Williailll C. Yoiing. Own.panyy H.-Captaiiis, Tllomas IM. Bayne, Samuel S. Marchand,* Fraiik A. Dilworth; Second LJieutenant, Robei-tB. Croiich; Sei-geai-lts, John Bi-eiiiieiian, Phineals R. Gi-ay, Willi-tm Howxell, Henry H. Yoitlg, William 3letcalf, Alex. H. Rodgers;- Corpor als, Samuel Ayers, Willi tiy H. Lang, Willianm EkiD, Johln Powelson, Henry E. C. Bo vers, Geoi-ge W. Roclgers, Williani Riley, C8harles Boyer,'"Iilliani P. Dilw.orth, John H. Scott, Jamies Brad(ley; 31Itisicialn,Coulrson C. MNiller; Privates, George Ayers, Johii Ayers, Rob)ert Brtisb, Henry Bowers, Willialm T. Bowers, Julin Black, Jr., Johii Bush, A. Harrisori Bush, John Bur ke,- Basil Cro v., Sli-.ttle Crow, Willhinl Cai-son, Doulgliei-ty Cramer, Albert Coui-tney, Noble ClarIk, ThIon];l H. Cart1ey, Jacob W. Corllile, Geoi-ge CamIlpbell, C:harles Cuthbert,* J. Perry Di erinen, Willi.am Declier, Fratnk S. Deithsrickc, Williaiii Eclston, Adam Frye, Rieliardl Gray, Josepli Grai'ton, Ematnuel Grlliber, Martiii Vr. B. Gruber, Cliarles W.. Gillian, Crosbxy Gray. DPavid H. Healsley, Lebteus B. Hiursh, Wm. H. Hatmpton, John Hern, Jose ph W. Hunlsh,:Frarlcis K. IIaffey, Goi-don Johiistoii, Joseph Kerr, llarvey Kennedly, Williaiin C. IKlilln, William l.ong, Sa;muel 31. Leese,* H-ugli H. M1artiii, Rol,tert Murphe y, SaInUel MIoore, MIatthew S. Alet calf, Norval Marchand, Daniel Mttrchalrid, Johll 1-1. Messner, Geo)rge INIuse,:" Johii S. IlcGrew, James AlMicMhtel, Walte, Mc:Michall., Wm. B. McIentyTre, Jamnes K. P. MclKee,* Willialm Newtton, Johln,Ott, Johli S. O'Brienl, Heiiry S. O'Bet-ii, Mlichael rPencler, Leabiils Pettegrewv, Chlarles A. Puriiell, Alex. N. Row an, Henry H. Stottler-,* Harrison Stottlei-, Theodore Shabnnlon, Fi-ederick St-oner, William Tilb)rooki, Thlomals Tillbrook, B3eiij. Wanipler, William- Wood, Samuel Wardl, William- B. WVeston, Petei, Whitehead, Jolhn Whitehlead,* Matthle-w H. Wray.* ONE HUNDRIlED AND THIRTY-NINTIH REIGIMENT. Com.pany -D.-Captains, Robert MuLni-oe, Josepih T. Blael * First Lieutenalnts, James T. Harbison,* Charles J. Lonog, Aiidrexw Wat,,oD, Jr., MYichael Mtlillen; * Sei geaiits, Johli Cow\an, AIatt he-%v Hallbison, Richar d Brown, Williainl Gregorv, Joh!i F. McCD].ry, Charles Patrl,er; Corporatls, Horalce S. Bininix, Josephl Bultton, 1l'red]. K. Beckert, Rolbert H. Mahasn, BeDj. K. Brigliley, Williain Porter, Jolin Pepperrleyt, Dti-vidl Nieliols, Andrew G. Wliite, Andrew M. Toner, Silals Sample, O;ta J. Ad3ams,* George Lighthlill,* Jolhn McGowtan,* Lewis E[. Quinn;* Musicicans,'John Bigger-, Cliarles Beckei t; Pr ivates, William J. Allinder, William HE. Aber, Matthewr man, Abednego E. French, Charles Faber, Jolin Fisher, Johii G. Guster, Jittiies S. Graham, William Graves, James W. Gail-iiiiil, William Gillau, Leander Grear, Jaiyies Grear,* Johii Galaglier, Thomas Graham, Jacob Godfrey, Peter J. Gallaghin, Joiiii D. Geary, Ileiiry Geisniar,John E. Hiney, G. Hammond, Elias 1-tuff, James Hollar, Edwai-d Harkins, Jolin J. Hagan, Joseph Jacobs, Siintiel Jones, Alexander Justice, Morgan H. Jones, James Kassen, Johii Kilchrist, Davict Kephart, Louis Kraen, INlictiael Kitio-, Henry Keptiart, Janies Kane, Josepti Keniiedy, Robert Laton, John H'Law, Benjarnin Liddick, Jollii Lawsoti, Michael Laffers, Jolii-i Lanchard, Bernard Lilley, James A. Lambaugh, Robei-t Love, Andrew _T)Ierritts, Jolin INIattliews, Cl-iarles D. Maneval, Oweii Murray, IN'illial-ii C. Meilitis Abraham Moore,* J. 11. Montgoinery, Hugh Moiia(rh, Martin Maloney, Ht-nry Miller, Jolin llui-phy, William R. McManigle, Joseph McCord, Jolin McCambridge, Willian-1'McShaftiey,* Alexai-idet- _'LN1cN1anus,* Ileni-y McGee,John McAuley, Johii Z. 3latince, Dennis Nilliti, Sainuel. S. Piei-son, Henry Pi-estoii, Johii Pittocl, George Rotleriizer, Eii-ianuel Russell, Jan-tes Rose, Frank Roland, Eli Itisley' illichael Reardon, Jolin Reighart,,- Anthoiiy Reilley, John Stombaugh, Joliii C. Snyder, Jolin Saassley, Jacob Shaffer, Saiiiuel R. Spatigler, Chm-les Scott, Williaiii Sirgan,`- David Sho-ppat,d," Jacol) Striclczinger, Henry Turner, Henry Veriiet, Thomas Wright, Isaae Wentz,-,- Moiiroe Waaier, George Walk, Evan E. Willis, James Webster, Williaiii Witigard, Jaiiies 11. Wilsoii, Bernard Ward, Williani Wyant. Johit W. Wbite, B. T. iinmernian, John Zane. ONE IIUNDRED ANP TWELNTY-THIRD REGIMENT-NINE MONTHS' SERYICE, Colonel, John B. Clark; Lieutenaiit-Colonels, Frederick Gast, Riellard C. Dale; M,, ijors, Hugh Danver, Charles D. Wiley; Adjutant, Wm. P. _McNary; Qtiarteriiiaster, Fratik M. liove; Suro-em), fleiirv F. 1NIai-tin; Assistant Surgeons, Jolin S. Angle, Sa-muel S. Stewart, Williitm S. Stewart; Chaplaiii, H. L. Chapman; Sergeant-Majors, Bascoiii B. Smith, Jolin Lord; Quartermaster Sergeant, Franklin G. Bailey; Commissary Sergeaiit, James C. Pearson; I-ospital Steward, Latirence S. Wllite. Company A.-Captains, Frederick Gast, Charles D. Wiley, Ephraiiii Wiley; First Lieutenant, Wm. B. AlcVicker; Second Lieutenant, William Gnaham; Sergeants, Jolin H. Botilton, Charle's A. Weehs, W. H. IfeCandless. Itichard Hagaman, Jolin W. Poland; Corporals, Josepli L. GiLches, David B. Kirk, Bernard Coyle, Saiiiuel B.McKain, David Keggey, Natlian 3icCoriiiack, Sylvaiius A. Barr, Williani Reytiolds, David G. Bei-inett; Privates, William Bare, Ditvid Bell, John Best, George Beyer, James Bothwell, John Bowersox, Saniii el Boyd, Henry Brant, Jaiiies Brown, Josepti Brown, Edward W. Blalie,,' Alex. S. Canieron, Edwitrd J. Carpenter, Jan-ies Carr, John Clialfant, Austin L. Clarli, Ebei-t Clouse, Herman. D. Clouse, Tlionias Coiilon, Jaines Cuddy, Jolin Coulter, Henry Campbell, William Caldwell," Jaiiies Dawsoli, Fred. A. Deatrieli, William EalKin, John Eaton' Sufley Fence, I-lenry Forbes, John Foreina-D, Arthiir Gallagher, Johii A. Grabani, Andrew Graham,* Samuel W. Ilay, Andrew Relldorfer, Josepli Heii-iieup, Jolin M. Hill, John C. I-lirch, John J. Hii-cli, Saiiiuel B. Hewlings, James L. Harbison, lietit-y Harbison,* Jolin B. Kirli, Oscar F. Lamm, Albert Layton, John F. List, Williim Tv.1yers, John Manchester, William Manchester Roniulus Man-bold, Jolin Mellinger, Ftirgiison IVIiIIer, Wm. L. Mitchell, Tilonias Montli, William lVlooii, William J. Morrow, Samuel P. Mourer, William H. 11,1urry, Alexander McCann, W. K. McCausland, L. I-1. McCroskey, James N. McMillen, James G. 111cMillen, Williani illeConel, George J. Pace, Hugh Palmer, Robert Palmer, Miron Pangburii, William Ralston, Jr., Newton Richey, Joseph Rose, Thomas J. Richey,* Joseph Setiolfield, Charles Schwinn, Charles Stoces, Alexander Watsoii, Isaiali Weston, John A. Whited, Henry Wiman, Oscar J. Wright, Ralpli J. Wicl, William H. Young. Company B.-Captains, Hugh Danver, Hu-h B. 3furphy; First Lieutenants, Henrv Nesmith, Jas. Y. Sanderson, Cilaries Treser; Sergeants, Charles Fort, John Vandevender, Andi-ew F. Alurray, Wm.,k. Thoiiipsoti, -San-luel Fletcher, Johii H. Wettoch; Corporals, Thoiiias S. Hall, Jolin Hay, John Gabby, Jolin Wilsoii, Jesso' Edmond, Cliristiaii Rhitie, Wm. H. Saints, Joseph C. Riston; Musicians, Jolin 1). Oweiis, Aii(ireNv A. MeKain;* Privates, Wm. T. Atkiiison, John Bechtler, Theo. Bleistein, Fi-ed. Burkhart, Richai-d Boley, John Busler, John Baxter, Gottleib Burkhart,* Jacob Cable, Francis Campbell, Wm. Cillinder, Louis Cilliiider, David Cook, Joseph Cook, William Crawford, R'chard A. Christian, Donaldsoil Coopet-, John A. Crisivell, lliigh Dai iver, Jr., Alex. Dimler,* Williaii-i Dillon,* Herman Eiigel, Goot-ge Elliott, Pliilip Faest, George Fiteli, Williitm Frisbee, Alexander Gray, Joseph Gallinger, Willham Grossniaii, Jacob Goettman, Thoii-las B. Geyei-, Henry Haeim, Christian F. HaIler, George Hart, It. Hickenbothem, George H. Htiber, Johii Herman,* Wesley Jolinson, Johii W. Joiies, WilliLiii Killereese, Adolpilus Lappe, Cliai-les Laiiipas, Evei-ett Logan, Henry Lepper,James Lowrie, Alexander Lane, Joliti Lord, Samuel Mitchell, Andrew 31artin, George W. Morse, David C. Alayne, Joseph XcKain, Andrew McRoberts, Jobn McRoberts, David Owens, George Ofteilbach, James Parkhill, Samuel Preston, David Po\vell, Charles Palmer, Isaac Patterson, William It. Quail, Hency Raynor, LeNvis Rawie, Louis Reib, Andrew Robiuson, Henry Riiin, Pliilip Rinn, James M. Reed, Joliii W. Sharilis, Louis Spangler, liern-iaii Soles, David S. Stevenson, Jolin L. Slioolc, Isaac Seifer, Ellis Shipman, William Siiyder, David Test, Jamos A. Wright, Laertes White,-l' Louis Yoting, William Zuclc. Compavy C.-Captain, David E. Adaiiis; First Lieiitenant, George Dilwortli; Second Lieutenants, Frank 31. Love, Robei-t S. M. Temple; Sergeants, David I-Iolliday, Alfi-ed Masonheinier, Johii C. Harper, William H. AleCune, William Kit-by, Jaiiies M. ilicKee; Corporals, Michael Solar, Robert McFarland, Peter Heelcman, Williitni Hutchinson, Erastus Bragden, David H. Beaty, Joliii W. Gipnor, John A. Wallier; 31iisicians, Elijall Hitsliei-, Jaines Bickerton; Privates, George Able, John Adler, Alexander AlItsintui, Charles Burkhardt, Jacol) Burliliardt, James Balz-er, Robert Baker, Robert Bi-oclz-viner, James Buckley, James Boyce, John Buchanan, Jolin Bradley, Jolin W. Bra(Iley, Albert 31. Boyce,* John 1). Boyd, Jonathan Caih, Butler C. Clir"sty, Joseph Carson, William J. Davis, James Doudgen,*. Leo Fence, Johil Fislier, Philip Fisliter, Williaiii Gaffney, Frank Graser, James 31. Hoover, Au-ust Hollander, Michael Hanna, Williaii-i A. Hannaii, Jolin Holsinger, Johii I-a-li'n, Robert W. Hemphill, Heiiry I-leodle, Frederick Heyle, Christiaii Haber, Jolin liall, Jacob S. Kaup, Henry Kennewig, Mosiah S. Kincaid, Janies Lyiich, Charles Loofflei-, William Lariniei-, Derbin G. 31iller, Patrick'51oi-gail, Dennis Markey, Charles Marsh, Ilenry 3ILti-sh, William F. Morrow, John R. Munden,* Janies F. Millei-, Chirles 1VIcTiernan, James McCloskey, Jolin McDonald, Wesley AleCasliti, Thonias McCarty, Fraticis lVlcDowell, Henry Neaforgold, Thonias Neille, Thomas Pilgriam, Samuel Parker, Jolin A. Parlie,* Rufus Rosensteal, Saiiluel E. Reynolds, John Robertson, Willian-1 T. Robinion, Henry Shutte, Geoi-ge W. Snair, John Sliorts, Isaiah Shorts, George Stedeford, John Smith, William Sniith, Jacob Solar, John Steel, George Speer, John B. Stevens, James B. Stevenson,,'-, Joseph S. Taylor, George Ventress, William Ventress, Williani Wot-thingtoii, Robert J. Wilson, Johii Yoting, John Zehlander. Company D.-Captain, Horatio K. Tyler; Fii-st Lieittenant, Frank L. Mlertz; Second Lieutenant, Williaiii C. Cooli; Sergeants, James A. McCormick, Robert Graham, Charles F. Raring, Matthew Elliott, David W. Megraw, James Lai-imer; Corporals, George W. Grubbs, Charles Ling-enfeltet-, Jolin G. Frey, Jolin Barliley, Louis F. ri oquet, Samuel IvIeChesney, Lewis Faiber; Tvitisiciaii, Oliver Calhoun; Privates, William H. Athertoii, James Anderson, Charles Albrite, George Blakeley, George Bobst, Charles Bowers, Gottleib Bowers, Rieliael Barnett,* Nicholas Bandy,r James Cahill, Samuel Custer, William Campbell, Amos Coffer, San-iuel Cooli, Heiiry H. Crotts, DeWitt C. Coates, Jolin Costello, William Calhoun, James W. Clarli, Cliarles P. Coates, Saniiiel A. Fenwick, Heiiry Feriiiger, Johil Finerty, Johii Fines, Charles L. Fry, George Gatshaw, lIenry Gepliart, Alartin Gottmann, Chi-istian Grenage, Matthias Grinnei-, Daniel Grogaii, Michael Hall, Edward Hatfield, Charles P. Heil, Thomas Hill, Patrick Hanly, Alexander Heliiiold, Josept-i Heiserer,* Henry Jenkins,* William T. Iiirigan, Frederick Kaufman, Heiiry Kaiifiiian, Peter Knoblock, Michael Lanig-an, Alex-mider Lazerty, Williain Lorenz, Heiiry Mali, Adam G.Miller, Ilerman Miller, Tlion'las Morrow, August 3lull, Chai-les Myers, Atigust Mundel,* Jolin Montague,* James, McCoombs, Janies Nelson, Jolin Orschall, Charles F. Ostin-ier, Geoi-ge Oulsman, Adani Pfeiftet-, John Ritzel. Charles W. Robinson, Cliai-les Rose, James Russell. John Ramsey, Wilh:im Ross, Geot-ge Schultz, Albert C. Sllaffei-, Jolin E. Shaffer, Jolin F. Sliirling, Cliarles Slii-adei-, Frederieli Sloop, Geoi-ge Sno-Lifer, Lymari A. Schriver, Joseph H. Sehriver, Nelsoli Schields, Alhert Tindle, William H. 11. Tyler, Samuel Tate, Joliii Thompson, John Ulliiaii, Alvali J. Walker, Geoi-ge Wilcox, George Waclienhath.* Omq)avy E.-Captaiti, Jolin S. Bell; First Lieutenant, Robert Stewart; Second Lieutenants, Wm. H. Lockhart, R H. Stephenson; Sergeants, Thos. Bonner, Samuel 11. Jolitiston, Chas. S. Henry, Joseph Park, Albert P. Burchfield, Jas. Ranisey, Bascom B. Stiiitli; Corporals, James Cai-son, David R. Ivliller, Joi-dan McKee, Chas. Bab-A,.11urtin Ruper, Frank P. Kohne, Edward A. Noble; Pi-iv(ttes, Joliii H. Anderson, Daniel Asliwortll Robert J. Bradshaw, Edivin T. Brown, Wm. P. Browti, Wiii. Braithwait, Levi C. Briiitoii' Comiiiodore P. Biddle, Jas. Corothers, Jr., Tlios. B. Clviley, Saniuel Caldwell, Wni.,C. Cotirtney, Theo. F. Coleii-lan, Paul Crawford, Wm. W. Cole, Geo. W. Cliarles, Wiii. Cowley,:!' Jolin Callender,* Jis. D. Douglass, Jas. M. Dunlap, Johii R. Dewhurst,:' Alexaiider Dallas,* Mattliew B. Eyster, Joliii ENviiig, Wm. J. Early, Jas. Fairley, Jas. Ft-azier, Adaiii Ferguson,* Alexander Foirester,-` Robert Gray, Earl S. Gardijer, Jolin A. Gilleland, Jolin A. Geot'ge, Robert Hare, Clii-ist. I-loch, Alex. I-Itio-lies, Frank A. Hare, Sam. T. Harris,* Hezekiall Jolitistoij, Ebe-, iiezer Joliiiston, Wiii. Kelday,:`-Benj. Lutton, Jiio. Lawreijee, Jas. Leitcli, Jiio. A. Myers, Wiyi. B. Moore, Jlio.J. Miteliell, George Mona-han, John F. lNlillei-, Wii-1. W. McCord, W. W. AlcClellaiid, Joseph F. Neely, Henry Nieliol, Wni. Nease, Wm. S. Oweiis, Wiii. Owens, David R-Potts, M. A. Pattersoii, Wiii. Pearce, Isaac Iti-by, Bi-ice Riy, Tlios. C. Robinson, William E. Ross, Wm. D. Roneboch, Stewai't Scott, James Shaw, Newtoii Shafer, George W. Snaman, George R. Sphane, Geoi-ge P. Sienion, Joseph M. Smitli, Chat-les A. Sankey, Win.. J. SiLwer, David N. Shaw, William Tayloi-, Joseph Al. Tiggart, John Tziggart, Andrew Taggart, Alex. Thompson, Jolin H. Trimb)le, Williatm Witlierows, Chatrles Yagle, Jonathan YotinIg. (Yottipany/ F.-Catptatins, John Boydl, Mficliael Bair; Fir st Ljieutenaiit, Janies 1NI. Boydl; Second Lieutenants, Eli Hemphlill,* Jolin C. Datvis; Sergeatnts, John Potts, John Keiiiiedly, Jalmes C. Hlawk, Wmn. T. Aiidet-son, Robert S. P. SIcCall, Daiiiel K. Ki)pp* Corporals, Williailn S. Watson, Robei-t A. Walkler, Day+id T. Borlatnd, Jaines G. Kaney, P' redlerilcl Islep), Wil'liatm H. Barkier, JacobS M. Groce, Datliiel B. Sitiger; Musiciatns, William H. Siiy(ler, Johii F. MceCall - I'rivates, Samiiel Adains, John Agey, Jo-seph Alterl, Heiii-y Ariiold, Aii-lbrose A. Adains, Jame-, Bolo, Josepli H. Borlatnd, Jolhn Bovaircl, Andrewv S. Bi-own, Mosts B3roNvn, Mattliew Byers, Jacobl Byers, Wm. W. Ca,lpas-:, Wm. Carson, J.as. M. CSlark, WIn. Cox, Moses B. C:roolKs, John H. Carrlell, Jol1ii Col]ter, Geoi-ge Chambers,* Wnm. Davis, Joli-n Denny, Johiiston NT. DiiiiiI, Samuel DLiplorri, Rob)ert L. Dimit, John D. Elwell, J.as. Ewing, John Al. iEckels, AndrewJ,. l?rew, Dennis Gallagher, Anldrew Gillespie, Datvidl Girt, John Girt, Win.S. Gillen, RoblertB. Hare, Wm. W. Hill, Phlilip lloalz-, Datniel I-lowe, Samuel Hiinter, Robert B. Hill, John K, Iluntei-, William Kaney, Davi(i M1. lienledyr, Watlter lKipp, Chartles S. Kinston, Reubent Matul, Saiiiuel Monltgomery, J. C. MVaxseimei-, Wm. MeI(haffy,:- Danliel MicB1lelt, Winl. BIcClellailltd, Wm. Icl)Dowell, Win. W. McKee, James ZIM:eans, Thios'ti McElfi-esh, Warren Me Williains-:', Adama W. Nori is, Win. Norris,.Josep)h Orris, Jas. A. Painter, HIarvey Pott,s, Jolin B. Paltterson,* John G;. Rog,ers, Davi(l Al. lloss, Dawrliel F. Shl;ner, Wlm. Fs. Shearer,.Jacob) SmlIth, Jolin C. Stewvart, Jazmes Stitt, Lymalri A. Sclit-iver, Jals. A. Sands,* JTo. 11. Schr,ver,- Saintiel C. Scott, Robert Thompson, WI11. H. Walsh, Jas. F. Warner, Wm. Wliite, O9liver S. Wliitlin-rer, Johin E~. Wilsoii, Jollii W. Wincher, Geo. Walter,4' Jas. M. Watson;" Jos. R. Young, Wilson Youiig, Jatcob Youlng. Comunpyn? G.-CaptaJtins, Datniel Bodsol,* Rob)ert T. Woodburn; First Lieutenants, Richatrd C. Dale, Addlisoin Al. Camreron - Secondl L euteiitilt, Reulbenl Bartle3, Sergeants, r1obert Neelie, Jr., A. 1). Arillstrol-g, Lawrence Spi-oul, Th,,m.as H. Bullocki,Janies S. McKelvy, Franll;lin G. Bailey; Corpsorals, William S. Harlper, Thoma-i W. Bi-yson, Willi;iin Alston, Exdwin B. BSown, James MI. Cotirtney, J.lImes Wilson, Jolin A. Doulglass, Wesle.yr'roldd Satmuel Mc( L.uglinl, James C. Peai soii; P rivattes;, Johti a. Aulstin, Joliii Agnew, Rolbert J. Alsioii, Henryv B. Agnlew, Joxhii II. Bon.tNvitz, Mattliew II. Borelan(l, Isaac N. Benlneatt, Thiom.s At. Brodie, Ilenry Botheweli, William D). Bois, Wrilliatm W. Bi-owv], Josepl-i B. Bowii, Josepli Baty, HarIvey Ba.rtley, Edwvaid Bloiunt, Henlry (ar.specken, Robert Crlooks, Oliver B3. Duff, Alex. )e.mp)ster,,Jolinl W;. Dalrragh, H. H. Dinsmore, Rlobert J. Dalvis, Joseph Doiwlin-t,* Henry Li'vei-ett, M. H1. Englatnd, Dalvid Ewing", Walter Eatrsm'an, JToseph T. F'orreiter, Georgre F. FErazier, Salmuel Fairley,* Josias G.lmble, Dlavid W. Gilmore, Isaiahl Goodlfellowv, Jalmes Hilands, Jr., Jawmes C. Harper, James G. Hunlter, Rob)ert Hunter, Beiijainin Hiunter, Edwiii Humes, -HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 227 Ackerman, John A. Black, John Byers, Stephen H. Barnett, Charles Bowers, Joseph Border, Tliomas Barker, Alfre(I Baker,.' George Bonner, William 11. Baker, Jolin Black, Robei-t Clegg, Robert G. Crawford, Henry C. Critelilow, Henry Ci-ess, Robei-t Cunninghani,* Robert C. Carnahan,* Joseph Dawson,* Samuel O. Davis)* David Dees,* George W. Ewalt, Philip Forney, Patrick Freema-ii, Jaines Gonder, Josepli Greni-er, Jitnies A., Gregory, Hern-lan Graulich,* William Hastings, William Hutchman, Tiiomas Harrison, Johil S. Hamilton,* Isaac Harris,* John C. Hutclu-yian,* Thomas Higgiiis, Alexaticter Joknstoit, IVilliam Kinible, Thoiiias Lighthill, Tiioi-iias Lo-ve, Jonathan Lyon, William Lowry, Williain INfacli, ltieliard Morrow,:' Gtorle MCG'andles,,* James O'Hare, Robert Orrisoii, iViiel-iael O'Niel, Joliii H. Osburn,* William W. Prosliaw, Wdliani H. Phillips, Heilry Porter, Joliii Patterson, Ttiogias J. Pltimmer, Patrick Quinn, Henry B. Rector, W. Rushenburger,:'! Julitis Sclilund, James Smitli, Jolin Sullivan, Jolin Sciiiiler, Joliii Suiiiinerville, August Streiliel, Cyremus Swaney, Wi-ii. M. Thompson, AugustWightman, Andrew C. Wilson,* Joliti Yoliilg. Covq)avy E.-Capvtins, J. M.. Sample,* Israel V. I-loag, Aiidrew S. Warner; First Lieutenants, Igaae A. Pearce, D. Le F. Crawford, Williani Forrest: Sergeants, I-Iugli G. Oweiis, Abrain Tonis, David W. Young, John Burkit, Samuel L. Saiilsbiiry, Jaiiies A. Boyd, Robert G. Jolinson; Corporals, Thomas W. Pratt, Michael Anclei-soii, Saintiel A. Gray, George W. Belles, Erastiis C. Smitli, Jack Siiiith, Fratik S. Decker, Edwin M. Kerr, Johil 11. Anderson,* Jaine-s H. Cochran,* Charles S. NVhitwoi-tli; Musicians, Thoiiipson C, Kori-, Robert C. Alexander; Privates, Jaiiies G. Albertsoii, Nicholas Aiiimoii, Waslihigton Anderson,* David Bair, Jolin Basli, George W. Bail, Asher M. Bi-icker, Benjaiiiin Bryan,* Williaiii M. Bail,* Jolin.1. Cliapinan, Janies W. Conner, Kelley D. Cochran, Colunibus Cooper, Lewis B. Cupps, Elias 1). Caiiiaelian, William D. D. Craig, Tlioiiias C. Davis, William R. Dawson,* Jacob B. Ealitiian, David Ford, David B. Freetly, Roubeii Freshwater, Ileiiry F. Gray, James S. Graliani, Wesley George, Joliti C. Gtitlirie, Wesley K. 1-lobsoii, S. F. Hildebrand, lt. S. Hutchison,.John 1-ioller, Jolin Jones, Williani Joseph, James Johnson, Joliti T. lierr, Nicholas D. Kiiitz, Hugh Kerr,* John Kavatiaiigli, Jolin Liiiiiiger, Alfred Lapisli, Josepli Miller, Saniuel Mercer, Robei-t J. Moore, WilliainT)IcElveny, Saiiiuel Osbourne, James Runibaugh, William G. Risher,*Williatll Rose, John A. Sliirley, Francis Shonhart, Augustus Sliisher, Jaii-tes Stivesoii, Jailies -31. Stevesoii, Sainuel L. Spiclior,* Wni. Sprottl, Jolin D. Thonipson, Josliua L. Tillis,* Daniel W. Toi-i-ence, Att'red Verner, H. W. Witliiii-ton, Paul Wiliiiot, Stewart C. Wilson, Jesse, 11. Wilson, Androw J. Wilson, Aiiios J. Wilmot, Tiioiiias Wriglit Coinpany -F.-Captains, George IV. INiarsli William W. I)y(-r,* Jolin Snod-rass; - First Lieutenant, Jiluies C. Bartley; Second Lieuteiiants, ltobert Willison, Wilsoi-i Stewart;-: Sergewits, AVilliam Dtinlap, FL-ederick 0. Dalie, Itobei-t N. Culiner,* Robert Guyton, William J. Bartley, Jacob Rosonsteel, Johil Wallace, James B. Heaslet, Alexai-ider J. Hainiltoii, James 11. Crider,:' Jolin W. Headley,* Otto Bwhinig; * Corporals, Jitiiios Huggins, G'eorge Leiiimon, Saii-iuel P.Marshall, Itobert C. Anderson, Saiiiuel Hester, 117illiam 0. Seftoii, Williain En"Jish, Siii-ion P. Snyder,Jaines L. Wallace, Siiiioil B, Singhose,* George 0. Sessions,%` Lavosior H. Pollock; In Privates, -Noble'G. Allen,:"Robort 0. Bell, Josepli Borland, William B. Bnatt, Sidney iNi. Bic](Ile, Jaii-ios Browit, Hugh Bi ley, David Browii, Jaiiies Criswell, Edwat-d Cannitigham, Williai-ii P. Clierry, Heiiry A. Clowes, Z, 9 Lowis Cupps, 1-leiiry L. Dengler,janies B. Donaldson, It. C. Donaldson, Jaines Eiiglisli, Robei-t N. Ferrel; Daiiiel Ferroli,*Joseph L. Grubbs, Michael Gleniiiii, Robert Gardner, Williaiii Grubbs,* David P. Gruhbs,* Jaiiies GQnday, Tlioiiias J. I-Iazlett, Jacob Hiiies, -illiltoii Henciet'son, Itobert B. flill, Saintiel D. Hazlett, W. W. Henderson,-% Josliua Kissiclr-, Adain Kammerer, Johii Keefe, William F. Kenny, Jolin Lyoii- Sitiiiiiel W. Lee, George P. Lentz,J. E. Montgomery, W. 3loiitgoiiiery, Joliii Moul, Jotiii Morte,*Williani 1-1. MeMaster, Itobert McElwain, Alexander McMullin, Johii Mciierrahan, Josiitii R. McDannel, Joliii B. O'Neil, iobort ONiren, AVilliaiii Osborne, Thomas Pi-itcharcl, James Pitcairn, Baxter S. Redpatil, Joseph Itice, I-leiiry Russell, Lewis Rainaloy, Jitilies A. Ross,* Tlioii-lpson Ross, Cliat-les Stii-inoi-, Jacob L. Shook, Jolin S. Sliook, Fre(lerick Stittler, Cliarles Stuhr, Joliii Sliirleyi Robert Shaw, Williaiii Sniith,'* George Stewart,* William C. Tllollipson, Murray Trinible, Robert Watt, Jacob Walteiibaugli, Henry NVills, Williaii-i Waltenbaugh, Itiellard Wilson, Jaines 1-1. Wilson,* IVillianx Watson., Conipany G.-Captains, Eilward M. Ankins, Samuel C. Schoyer; First Liatitenants, S-ftmuol Harper, Frank Goodiii; Scro-eants, Joliti Dawsoti, Saiiiuel B. Thompson, Cyruii H. Tlion-ipson,* Itobert McKeoil, Solltitlit lieefe, Isaac Aiiiblei-, James 14. Fostei-, Jr., Jol-ii NV. Morrow,* Lewis B. Carner; * Corpot-als, Joseph L. Iliggarcl, Clarl. liaiiii1ton, NVilliam E. MatthOVVS, David P. ErNviii, Jitmes M. Cress,` lleiii-y Horn,--i- Williain McGill,'- Law. Standachor,* Williaiii G. Tlionipsori,* Cliarle's G. Weaver,* Fritnk Robinson; Musicians, Geol-ge. 31. Gray, Edward Foley; Privates, Jacob C. Att, DitviLl Adams, Benjamin 13ari-tes, Joliti Barnes, Ileiii-y Beefirinaii, Madison Bonliain, Williitin 1-1. Bi-oolis, Augiist Bauer, Josepli W. Bennett, John Btirle, William T. Bradberry, NVilliani B. Bain,* Jacob Brusliire, Saniple W. Broolis, Bills F. Cooli., Jitcob Crees, Alexander Cress,* Michael Davis, James DkLwsoii, Josepli Dovel, Nathaniel It. Ftilbtr, William T. Fergiii3on, J-olil'l Fislier, Williiiin 31. Gerwig, Jolin D. Gowan, Joliii Gopecl, Jolin Gritlin-, Johii Gardner, Siinooi-i Garrott,:- 1-leiii-y Gallalier, Sitilon H. I-lilty, Williaiii Herrington, Valentine I-Ioltziiiati, NVilliaiii C. lliirmotiy, DiLvid C. Hastings, Jai-iies llainilton,:': Joliii S. Rulings, Geoi-ge W. I-lei-riiigton, John Johnstoti, James S. Kano, William IV. Keiiiiedy, Joliti liahser,* Edv%,,,ard Lawrence, George Lowell, William TNIhisinger, Lexvis INItiellei-, John Montgomc-ry, Robert McQuillan, John C. INIeDowell, Warren G. Mellwaine, J'oiin McQuade, Ai-ttiur Mcintyre,* Williaiii 11. Nictiolsoii, Jolin iNI. Nelsoii, Tlioiiias Oweiis, Jolin A. Prysock, Josepti L. Pei-sliley, Joliii 11. Parker, Sainuel Itoberts I Willittiii H. Itobei-ts, An-ibrose 1). Ryan, Fraiicis Itooney, George Schatyer, Heilry Schaffer, Jaiiies A. Sjilitil, Joiiii J. Sniith, LeNvis Siiydet-, Oberlin IV. Tite, Jttcob Wacker, Wen(tell Weaver, Ambrose Whalan, Thomas B. Whalaii, Sainuel 1-1. Williams, Jolin J. Wallcer, ltobert Wiilters, Samuel F. Walker. Coiiqpany L-Captaiiis, Joseph R Oxley, John C. Dom sey,* Wm. P. Herbert, JohD C. Sainple; First Lieutenants, Jitiiies A. Custello, Cliarles J. Schwimle; Secotid Lieutenaitt, Jolin Braddock;' Sergeants, A. G. Blichanaii, T. A. Arinstrong, J. P. A. Seliwariii, Jolin Brady, Joseph Ziinmernian, Jaines E. Fisher, Coiirad R., Ba8il;:': Corporals, G. H. Zacharias, Sainuel F. Ellisoii, Johit Dingnan, George Mortimer, Geoi-ge A. Speer, Jaines Reid, Tiioiiias Cassidy, Ileiii-y J. Ulrich, Frederick Wills,* fleiii-y C. Johnson;* Musicians, Jacob F. liettle, Ovi(i F. Itigley; Privates,Jaines Badger, Francis P. Byriie, Jol-in Brown, fleiii-y Born, Daijit-1 Barker, Jacob Bleicii, Oliver Beebe,* Jas. S. Bi-adbrook, Witi. ill. Cupps, Joscipli (11 Crktmer, D. LeF. Crawford, Joseph C. Cochran,* Williaiii Devine, Jai-nes F. Daily, Natlian Deviiis, Ja iiies S. Dalzell,* William Dorn,"' Oliver Evaiis, Gustavus Ebort. Jollii Ebet-liart, Michael Fitzpatrick,* Jaiiies Foclit, Jacob H. Freese, Wm. Goldback, Janies J. Gracy, George Gai-tley, Jas. K. P. 14arcum, Daidel Ileapliey, Walter I-opkiiis, Jaines Ileii(lersoii, Tiioiiiafi C. flersliman, Jolin Rettle, Jolin Hays, Williaiii J. Iluglies, Itobei-t iNI. Horner, Thomas 111-108, Ricilard Joiies, Josliua Kaye, Peter lieiiiiedy, Josepli F. Iiiiiser, James Kana, Goorge Lindsey, I-lati-icii Lucas, Jaines Leahey,* Jolin Lindsay,* S. Montgoliiery, Josepti Myers, Janies Mulcroin, Josepli It. Moyers, Daniel Bliteliell, G. NV. MeCandless, Williaii-i IVIcClelland, Edward McNeely,:- Daliiel MeShaffry, I'Licliard _.McCullough, Geu..J. -McCandless, James T. Orr, Frederick Pflaiimalier, Archibald G. Patten, George Patten,:, Saiiitiol iNi. Phillips,* John lteiff, _.Hatthew Sloaii, Jr., Cunt-ad Siiiitli, David Sloan, Henry Sliiclc, Joliii Slacker,* Jackson Stowart, P. W. Thompson, Joseph Textor,* Jaiiies Terry, Jolin Volzeii, David B. Wardeii, Jaiiies IVitddle, Edward L. NVillianis, Henry Wet-tliiiigtoii, EdNvitrd Weurtliner, Cliat-les 3L Warner. Coitt.pavy K.-Captaitis, Jaiiies McGregor, William L. llettit; Second Lieutenant, IVillia-ni A. Wilson; Sergeailts, Jolin D. Ileiber, Joliii E. McClosliey, Wiii. S. Springer, David W. Canipbell, Wiii. R. Wiseii-ian, Cliarles Green, Charleti L. Alborger,* Joliii Mat-tiii; CorporEils, Arcliibald A. Purdy, Joliti Greaser, Petei- Ne-Isoti, Elijah A. Levves,`- Jolin 1-1. Evaiis,* Janies W. McWilliains;:% AlLisician, Bariiey O'Donnel; Privates, IVilsoii Bunten, Joliii Baclitold, Jaines H.' Black, Mat Blaclisiiiitli, Jolitt Bickell, John Boyle, David F. Bligliton, Heiii-y NV. Collins, Jitiiies ('larline, Joliii (joilnoi-, Micliael (itair, I-leiii-y Cooke, Patrick 0. Cotiner, J-olln S. Douglass, Davi(i Davis, Jeroil-io Daily,* Wm..M. Dickinson,* Joliti Donovan,* Jaines Donovan, Daniel Eisler, Joiiii C. Eittoii, James Evving,-`- Williani Evaiis, Lewis G. Fesser, Tiiomas Gregg,* Fraiieis Gregg,'.'John George, Patrick Harkins, Philip Ileist, Jacot). A. Hart, Joliti.11. Heiber, IVilliaiii 11. Herbert, Jamos Hart,* Joseph Jaileway, George W. Jacksoii, liowell Joiies, _rank Leouli, John Loonard, Jacob 11latter, Dallwi Miller, Henry Mangold, NVilliani H. Morgan, Jolin 3lossersniith, Patrick Murray, Jitiiies Milligan, Lawi-etice 31ailual, Prest. McLauglilin,* Jolin Nelsoil, Jollii J. Ocliso," Williain Oliver, Thomas Perkiiis, John Qtiigley, Jolin K. Qui-16', Peter Roine, William M. Reiber, Joseph W. Itagaii, David Stewart, Nicliolas Siiiitli, N'andelu'e n y Spi-itiger, Itobert Stewart, William R. Stewart, Wilsoii Stuart, Sainuel Sniith, Jan-ies 1). Thomas, Abraliam Tiiayer, Tiloiiias L. Yauhoril,* Ali'red S. WilBon, Williain Willianis, George VV. Wise, Geoi-ge Zimmerman.* ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT., Colonels, Edward J. Allen, John fl. Caiii, Alfred L. Pearson; Lieutenatit-Colonels, James Collard, John Ewitig; Major, Johii A. Kliiie; Adjutaiit, Edward A. INIontootli; Quartermasters, -ri ritiik Van Gord(ir, Janies B. Paliiier; Surgeoiis, James M. Iloffiliati, Joseph A. E. Reed, Elias C. Kitelieti; AfisistLttitStii-geoiis, NV. Stocktoil Wilsoii, A. 1). TeNvksbury, Cliai-les K. Thoiiipsoii; Chaplains, Joliii M. Thomas, Joseph iNlateer; SergeaiitMajors, Williaiii Shore, George F. iNiorgaii, Arthur W. Bell, Johii H Irwin; Qtiartei iiiaster Sergeant, Johii G. ltalston; Commissary Sergeant, Willian-i B. Glass; Hospital Steward, Ellis C. Tliorti; illusiciaiis, 1-ittwdon Marshall, WVilliamII I)Looney. ComUpany A.-C.tl:tatins, Alf'red L. Pearson, Frank J. Buchatrd, Johil C. Stewvart, Edward iP. Johnston;* First L,ieutenarnt-, Eklward A. tINiitoothi, Betijaminii Gl. MIGrew, Johli RI. Ccamplbell; Secondl Lieutenanlts, Williarm Pollock, Eug,ene XV. itIoore; Sergeants, William H. Justice, Joseph Cochienour, Peter S. Todd, B3. R. Goodliti, John R. Duticati, George W. Fitch, C(iarles C. Johnlston,-i Robet-t Al. Latird; Corp)orils, Hemai lNl yers, Julius Steval, Abiram. Ti.. 3Swain, Samuel Copelatild, John- F. But-let-, Williaim 31. Pr.ce, Josiahl George,, Fr;tnklin Gillllor'e, Thoinitsl Cooper, Jolin W. Smyers, Henry Weaver, Joseph Banler,* MceGrew Wiley,* George Tack"elberg,* Phlilip) C. 51 ilson * Privates, Squire Abbott, E3ugene Aninoti, Satmuel Atkinson, William Be r,ry,Thomas B. Bilt, Jolln Becliz, Wakefield BJerry, Stinon P. BSowser, Fritneis 13ott, Peter V. BSoher, David F. Bi-isoii, Jarcob O., Crawvford, Patrick ("'orr e-an, Jabez B. College, C. o. Claypoole, Satmuel Claypoole,* Willia.tl Ctirtis, Abrahlam Crabtree, Tobias Deitrich, John I)illon, IVilliam Dewalt, Fihedericli Deviner, Jcaines 1. Dougal, l)avid K. Douitt, Williami S. Douitt, William Davis,* l)aniel Dello, CJ. Eckenroad, George Edmunds,* Jolin Falight, Georgo Foliart, N. N. Fullertorl, Josepli W. Fy,ock, Georo,e Fiefer, Noah Fyocli, Joliti P. Guthirie, Josepli F. Gachter, Johil Glue, Archib tld'Gi iffin, William George, William IM. Hatles, Johin A. fla^ys, Geot ge Holmes, Asa I-ageiseu, Joh-n:vL. Hays, F rederick H-inemeyer, Henry Heyer, Andrew J-11Harbaugh,, Henry H1oli-es,* Jamrets 1'. Johiiston, Johil lialer, D)aniel Kiebort, Stanley Lafferty, David Loyd, Milos LtLckhart, WVilliam Liilldsay, Phiilip Linn, Johli F'. Lewis, A. P. Lee, Robert.J. 3lat-tin, Williaiii tiNarshi, William, Morga.n, Benjamin Morrow, Bernard iNoss, Henry iMiller, T'l'omas Montgomery, Jaimes IVullen, Samuiel-M. MVyrtle, Nicholas Marchand,*; James Matrtin, William McWhorter, Henry T. MAcKeIvy,- Saiiiiiel ivlcNabb, 2NIoses Nelson, Jeremiaii Nolf,* Isaac Nelsonl,* El jali N. Price, Alfred C. Pariiier, Gotfried Rothl, Samiuel Rathbone, Tolbert Richter, Tl3omas Rassar, Jackson Reed, William A. Roberts, R. P. Robitison, Joso ph Rtobbins, Thompson M1. Rutter, SamLiel: W. ReyDolds, Mlo.ses Robbitis',* Benjamin Struble, Jolin G. Struble, Piiilip L. Smiyer.s, Samtiel P. Smieltzer, George Sharp, George Stt-tible, Lewis. G. Seip, David Shearer,. William Sti ogers, Abraham Smeltzer,* Sanmuei W. Smitlh, Samuiel Sinclair, Henry Troutmati,.John W. Thompsoti, H. D. Thompson, James R. Thompson, James Vantassel, John G. Wari-en, George H. West, William, Wernet-, Thiomas Whittaker, Jamies Warreii Williain Wachob, William Wilson, Williatm Wiley. Company B.-Captains, B(-njamin B. Kerr, Heiiry W. Grubbs; First Lieutenants, George W.Loe BenjaminF. Jenningfs, Johil McMIillin; Second Lieutenant, Daniel W. McConnel; Sergeants,..Jan:-s.!AI.. MIcMillin WValter Mvc(Sabe, John Hays, James P. Stewaf t, Fhrancis A. Harvey, August My era,,F!rancis,.;]H'..eir, Th-omas J. Woods,* Henry R. CampbJell;** Corporals, Milton L. Myers8, Richard B. Davis, Robe3rt P~ -Stodl;, Wilan-: W. Woods, IJames D. Wellsoil, John Miller,.Honi y F.%Weaver,7 Richalrd W. Cline, Jobau Saber, WYilliany'C~ha-p--: man, Will lam Sfory,* Adaim Black,* I)avid M. Smnith;-* Privates, James Alleii, Patrick,Bar-y, Cdourthirid!_D-.. Banks,'Thom-as J. Brown, John L. Byers,* Isaac Craig, John Craig, Robert R. Culp, W\illiaiii Cr oijemyer, *Patrick Cassady, John Cousley, Joseph Campbell, Alpheus Conln, Alexaulder Crowley,* Joliii W. Drake, Wm. H. D:tniels, Fordinan(I Di,itch, J;im)s Doughty, Lew's Dougan, John Dauglierty, William Douglass,* Harrisori Daverbiss JoIiii Eastwo)d, H. ff. Echenroad, SaiiiLiel E llnonds,* Arch. Ftirgesoi-1, Oliver G. Flein;nJosiali Flower, Nicholas Fitzgerald, Ai-lclrew J. Ftirgeson, JoIiti Finls, Johii A. Fitisell, Jolin Ferry,Jilines Gat-ity, William Grounds, Jamos Gib:4oil, Jolin Gable, Conrad Geibell, Saiiiuel M. Gamble: Chai-les Gwenin Jii,siah Gosley, William Glendenin,", Joliri K. lieflick., Samiiel Heflick, David Havs, Williaill Ifen(lersoll, David Hopliins,* Nelsoii. R. Hickiniin, Willian-i R. -leri-, Jolin W. fla'vs, Joliti Hull, Wiltiain A. Hays, Edward Iiiiillitie, Thompsim Irwin, Jacob Jaek-;on, 11)'tvid fl. Jack, Thoinas C. Joties, George W. Niglit, Patrick Kiernan, Williitin P. Kilotts, Jolin Kiilii-isev, Henry -Kaner,:' Patrick Lyoiis, Eli Lindel)erger, Jaiiies G. L-typole, Frederick Luther, Michael Milton, Ti'loii-itts J. Morgan, Daniel iNlill'Ison, Adam Nlerkle, John Alan"(4, Janies _TNLL(-ee,, Andrew31orrison, Samuel W. _T)Urrison, Abrahaill Miller,"' Williaill A. Moore,:I: Alex. AlcUotiliev, Jolin B. McQuaid, Jolin McKinly, J)hn _Mc(4!dre, Hugh McFarland, Cliarles 3101-ahall, Willi C. McMillin, J,)111-1 C. illeclillou"ll, Thoillas NlcCaskey, NViii. 11. ileConiiell, Archibald -McMilLn,* Fritiililin Noltin, Charles Ott, Oli ver Paine, William 1-1. Phillips, Alexander Porter,`- Jt)hn G. A. Rano, Joseph Reilly, Johii Itaiiisa -nitli, R-)bert 1-1. Seiiiple, Peter F. Sinitli, Patricli. Stillivait, Francis y,* Josmph ltliine, Sainuel R. Si M. Shouse, James Sinitti, William Stafford, R. G. St-1,phenson (Ist), Patrielc Stacl, R. G. Steplieiison (2d), Philip Serena, Wiii. Serena, Robert Starr,*.11ichael Seiffert,* Wiii. Snlith,*- Joliii MeQ. Sn-xitli, Joliti Shehin, Isaac B14 Tlloni!is, Daniel 1-1. Thorpe, Ca!,l Truxall,* NVilliaiii C. To,1(1,','-' Samuel Uporaft, Thoinas Wilsoii, W1lialil Wliitsell, John Woodg, San-itiel 1-1. Welty, Johri Vint(,rs, Patrick Welch, Tliom" B. Wliite, Wiii. M.;-Woods,,' Michael Weitver, Tliomas 1-1. Wliite, Frank. Wilsoii, Heiii-y Zeely..1; Gonilmny C.-Capt tiiis', Jolin 11. Cairi, Lee Anshultz,* Jailles S. Palmer, A-tigustiis E. Tleisy; First Lioiteriants, Joliti T. Deoiniston, Joliii H. Irwin; Second Lieutenant, Tllomas B. Dtinn;* Sergeants, Joseph M. Cargo, Joiin Jain:s F. Parker, Samuel BLtr(lolpli, Thoin'ts C. Sprltgue, PI-illil) A. Di-aiii, Chas. 31. Cainpbell, Tlios. Wiseni:m,* Joseph Sharollari,* James B. Palm-r; Corporal-4, Sam'l. Eagleson, Archib,ald S. Ewer, Leiiitiel' 3lePtiei-soil, Tlios. Montgomery, Ebeiiezer Lowry, Henry R. Clowes, Olivei, M. Christy, Edwin D. Carpeilter,: Cyt-iis L. Jamison,* Azitliotiy Tliesher,* IVill ani.31. Giles; Privates, Itobei-t Aii(irew, San-itiel Andrews,,Ahner J. Adanis,* JoIli-i B. Arinstrong, Johic Boyd, Dennis Boyles, Americus Bitiiei-, George Bolinger,.Josepll Bowers, Sainuel K. Book, Th(anas Brown, S.iinuel E. Browti, Galiriel BArnhart, W,Iliani Bantion, Martin CLilp, Robert M. Cargo, Jaillos -ill. Clark, Cas;Ius -111. Cook, Willianion Christy, Sailluel Clark, Jailles E. Canipbell, Joseph A. Campbell, Johii Campboll, William Coulter, 2,,ndrew P. Christy,* Robt. F. Caii-II)bell,* Jolin Carpenter, Ge,)rgo W. ConIffln, illitttitew Donovan, Ph'lip Doiiolioe, Brown H. DiLNArSon, Joel R. Dawson, Joliii Dale, Joiin Desinaid, I-leiii-y Fitzgerald, Daiiiel Fosiiot, Jolin Fisliei, George C. Fonnan, Jacob Florey, Aiidrew Farley, Jo,-3(,pli Funiack,* Heiii-y Fortune, Henry Greeii, Cyrenus Gorton, GL-oi-ge Gi-ahain, Joliri F. Hunter, Chri.4opher W. Hiirly, LeNvis HLtrt, Richard K. Hill, Than-vis Hunter, Andrew G. Henry, Ancli-ew 31. Htitcliisoll, Joliii 31. 11,11tchisoll, Isaac. C., Hill, Marion Hartley," Aiicirew Hays, Alexander Jitiiiison, llii-aii Jojice, lleiiry Kennedy, Jolin Keefer, Jaines liaiiffiiian, Janies Lowry,Willianl Liiiliart, Edward J. Lambert, Willf;im. 11. Liiihart,* Williaiyi 11. Loor, Charles 31iirdock, William C. iNlillor, AVilsoil _Meanor, Rohert C. Aluilland, Thoo(lore, 31:trsh, 1-tenry Malhach, Pli'lip _31is1flow, George E.'Miller, William MeKa:n, P,Ivid NV. McConib,;, Jas. W.A21cCandless, Josepti fl. 31cClurg, Robert'MeGowan, Andrew 3lcIlwain, Jailws'PNIcKee, Wm. S. Pentleberg, David.R. Parkhill, Lewis C. Piei-ec), Phillil)s Perry:"-.George IV. Plougli, Williaiii PaIllie-, -David V. Pallner, Joliti P. Paliner, Jolin C. Ridgway, Felix Rtissell, Atigiistus Stiy(let-, Clias. A. Steveiis, Elixir Shoulter, Wiii. H. Slioiialter, Nelson Siitton, lleiiry Specli,", Peter Shorgort, Martin S. Stewart, Israel Slitirley, Anthoiiy Sti-otip, WilliiLii-i Shakeley, Michael Sullivan,* John Slliie,,-' Col)perwait C. Siiiitli, William J. Sloan, Eliliu Showalter, Willia-in H. Sii-iitli, Robet-t 31. Ttioiilpsoii, William J. Titiibliti, Caspor Vill, D;tniel'"'hitiiiore, James AVebb, Jolin C. Wick, Joseph A. Weller, NVilliam Wliito, WilliainJ. Webb, Jaiiic-s Williams, Patrieli Walsh. Conqwny D.Captains, JaTnes J. I-lall, Samuel Kilgore; First Lieutetiant, Alexaiidi,r Carson; Secoiicl Lieutonantq, Jaines NVells, Jolin C. SNveeiiey; Sei-goants, Jaities 11(ki-i-on, Alleti, Ross, Geoi-ge 11. Hunter,' Richard iNItirpiiy, Jamei K. Cai-soii, George Bootli. W.1liani Shore, Alexander Carsoll;1% Corporals, Gotistantiiie Griflitli, Thonias Gatirigs, Joseph W. Gnthani, Andrew J. Deviiie, Isaiitli Kroesin, Sil(ts F. Willianis,, John I-Itill, Joliii M. Shtff:,-r, Joliti A. Ilimes, Jitiiit-s Faucett,-11' Alleii Hagen,` William Sutton,:1- Pliilip Murtha; Ilrivittes, Jolill.Alfor], Leberton T. Buiitoii, Charles Btiiitoti, Joliti Black,Williain Brown, Jon,,tthaii Beckner, Joliii Baxter,* Joliti Beatt'y1* Martin Cuthbert, Williaill Cunningliim, NVillilin iNI. Clarlie, Jaiiies Carleton, Fr;incis Co)k, I-ltigli Diinlap, Williaiii Duniphy, Jotiii 0. Dougherty,. 31iller Dunaway, James, Dawson,* Francis -Al. Erbaugh, Jaines Finnegan, Saiiiii(il L. Fox, Joliii S. Fi-eelaiid George W. Freeman, Joliii D. Fletcher, Joliti P. Ford, Thomas Fox, Bernard Gaskins, David Guntruill, 3lartinGtintroill, William 1-1. Girst,, Hirain F. Gilkey,* Chri-;tian llildw`ine, Danial Haney, Eli H:tstfii,-s, Ts-aac A. 111ill, Itobei-t M. Harvey, Saintiel. 11)urs, Robert [Listing8, Edward flilsdoli, Sylvestoi- 11. 11offillan, Josq)h J. I-Iiiiiiian, Bonapafte Harden, Henry I-Iolt, Williani Jones, Thomas Joiies, Rob(rt Jellison, Reuben Kr;itzer, Martin V. Kepilart, Patrieli lieiiiiey. Francis Kern,Jacob Lefevre, I-Itigli Leonard, F e(lerick Lindeman, Pliilip Liti(leiman, Aloses Little, Jolitt Leec-11, Jaiiies J. Lovejoy, Jaines 1-1. Lancaster, Joliii Lee, JAC01) Milliti-, Ja'ilies Iffillegan, James Martin, Isaac Molitiey, Edward Mullierron, William Alooiiey, Thomas D. Mossbilry, salilliel L. A,lortimer, An(Irew 1-1. Mords,--, Jailles Murphy,* Patrick -AlcFadden, Janies McFa(lden,,Taines McCorniTk, Joliri D. McKisson, Thomas 211cCauley, Thomas iNleCool, Willit-ti-ii B. 31cEllienry, Moroan L. Neely, William H. Noble, Levi Nail, Ileliry Oviatt, litigli Pktstoi-ius, W111tain Pierce, James Probasco, Jolin Pi-ice,* Janies Qtiin, Jaines L. It inkin, Andrew.C. ltedtlick, Qtiiiiey A. Itoildiclc, Joliti B. Rosenbergor, Thoinas Reece,* Jacob Roa'n, Al. Y. 13. Sallade, William 1. Scott, Joliii iNi. Shirk, Pliilip Siiiitli, Hanford R. Sharp, Robert A. Stewart, Henry Slee, Johii Sliiitli, Julin 0. Slit-yock, William Story, Johti A. Stewart,* Alfred Tait, Peter Til)pens, Aii(Irew J. Truby, J(.)Iin Thon-1pson, Jo-qeph Varner, Joliii Waltori, George 11. Ward, Joliii B. Wilson, Willikiiii Wliipliey, Sylvester J. Warner, Jiti-iies Yoting. Conqwwy E.-Captains Fratilc Van Gor(ler, Joi(ph B. Sa,k(,,tt,* George M. L%ii,-lilin; First Lieutenant, Robert Thompson; Second'Lieutenants, R. 13. Browii, Joseph T. Powers, Jai-iies Vaii fiirk; Sergeants, Zeritli C. 310111CSI, John Lancastoi', E. W. Cornisli, I-Itigii Park, Janios Gordon, Georg,, P. Ftiltoii, Geor'-,,e F. Morgan, Artiiur W. B-II, Isaac Wycoff;* Corporals, Wlii. J. White, 11irmon Pence, Johnston A. Fife, James 1-1. Lutes, Androw J. Harbatigh, John W. Gordon, D. T. Boyd, Isaac 31. Crissinger, Miehtel Li-nion, Thon-las J. T(Im-'r, George IV. Bratton,* Lewis Schriner,* N. D. Lontsenheiser,'* Slailluel W. Bryan;* Mnsician, An(lrew Creighead; Privates, Itobert'Alluifi, Joliii L. ATIderion, Joliti K. Alter, Htigli Bayne, Joshua Bi-own, JoIiti C. Bailey, Enoch Barnes, 3lichael 0. Black, Eli C. Bowei-, Joshua W. Bryant,* Jolin F. Crookhain, Jacob Creiss, Judson Creighead, Daiiiel Chambers, Geol-ge -W. Ci'o-Licii, NVnl. A. Clenlant,,,* Absalom Crusan,* Theophilus Callen,* Jolin S. Dales, Alfred Y. DaNNrsori, Robert 11. Dotiglass, Andrew 31. Drio-gs, Jolin T. Denniston, inltiel K. Eilier, Wi-ii. Evans, Wiii. Eicli, Barnard Farrell, Jacob F. Friend, James Fiel(iiijg, Johii Failey, Thoillas Gi,ier" Oliver P. Ganible, Eli C. Hazen, Isaac N. Hipsley, Heiiry Haler, Jolin iNI. Hilfiard, De lialb Haught, Jailles Hart, Jonathan B. HJUard, Cliarles Hixenbaugh, Jolin Hunter,* -Daniel K. Horner,* Johii W. Hot,ner,* IViii. S. Hindman,* W. J. Hixenbangh,-John Huey, Reuben Irwin, Aiiios Jones, lVm. Kees, Wm. Kidney, Wilbur W. Kuhr,* Lewis Lewis, Williaiii A. Lowe, Mattliew Lai-ighlin, Colliii Latta, Jolin Lyons, David:Lear,'-` Wiii. A. Liker,-": Williaiii Matthews, William Alar:hall, John Mitchell, Ei-astus S. -T)larsli-iffl, Sailluel Melts, Wiii. J. 3loore, Charles P. 3let'ritts, Wiii. Mercer, Thol-nas Morgan, Jackson Ttlerriniail,-' Thoinas Merritts,* E(lward R. 31eleher,* Charles F. McKeiina, Tlipodore McCall, H. IV. McGimpsev, Dun. INIeCtitcheon,* Jolin A. Mcf-lenry,* Jolin Oiig, Jaines P. O'Neal, A. F. Overholt,:- Noah F. Pangburn, George. D. Poe Thoiiias W. Page, Richard, Pearce, Jitities Itaiistiaw, S. W. Reynolds, Jaii-ies B. Richards, Richard Ray, Win. 1-1. Ilay, Jaiiies S. Rowan,:11' Alexander Riehey,:" Janies C. Sliaw, Jolirl A. Shaw, David K. Steveson, Jolin H. Striiuch, Robeft C, Sickinad, Frederieli Sinitli, Alex. P. Sinierall, Edwar(i W. Sackett, Joseph Scheible, Lyeurgils Sloati, Jolin 31. Sloari, James Spencer, Samuel E. Sloan,: Sainuel Todd, George P. Toniei-, E. R. Tliierkield, ThOMiAS IN. Ttionlas, Hirain. Taylor, Goorge W. Van Kirk., Thomas Y. Vanosdol,* Joseph 81. Wall, Win. P. Warner, Sylvaiius J. Will aiiis, John Williains, Wiii. Walton,* Isaac Won-ier, Jaiiies Young, John Zelie, Win. M. Ziegler. Conil)(iny 17.-Captains, Jolin Markle, Edward E. Clapp,* G. P. INIcClelland; First Lieutenant, William:H. i King; Second Lieutenaiit, Henry A. Breed; Sergeatits, Williani Wiiilile, Marion F. Martin, James X. 3icDuwell, Williain H. Auinack, Retiben fl., Neff, lienry 1NI. Ctirry, Joliti G. Ralstoii, James iNlai-sh, Sai-nuel Wal-ew N.14 James- Ji. Citrroll, kei-, William Anawalt,* Frank Alartyn,* Asberry,W. Secrist;* Corporals, Aiidt I V.. Bigg',, F. CuDiiingliam, Joiin K. Dalzall, Joliii G. Coniiell, Alexaiider Stevetisoii, Saiiiuel W. Hill, George-Brildley, Thomas R. Jfifo, William B. Glass. Charles Bardeen,* John,H. 31acken,*, Will-Aill McCabe,* George R. Markle;* Privates, George Arnistrung, Williaii-i Ad;ims, Williain J. Adaing, Ditvid Alleii, Bradford Allen, James H. Buiiday, Josepli Brown, Joseph P. Brown, Eniilo Boileau, Williaiii Batikert, G. B. Blackburn, William, M. Btircli, Tlleodore Baldwin,* Dityi(I Burkhart,* Jt)seljh Canipbell, Charles Cunningliam, Jacob Criisoti, Williain Clotwortlly, Willis B. Caie, Jolin Cope,* Samuel Cari) -ihan,* Joliii H. Clark, Ti-ioiiias H. 1)ickson, Edwin Davis,'Williani Devine, William.J.-Dickson, Jaiiies Dolam, Adani Daw, Jan-les Enlinings, John. Evans,.Brice Easton,* Daiiiel Fuliner, John Fi-ank, Francis -Bl. Fritzman, James E. H. Foster, Williaiii Ftillerton,* Henry Fi-atik, David Garris,,JQseph Gardside, Jolin Gi-esly, Sitmuel Grosly, Johii B., Garrett, John Getthen, John M. Gregory, ThomIs Gott, Jolin Gardiner, William liiinnali, Robert A. Hill, AVilliam Horner, Josepli Hoover, I'eter Haiisoii, CoJrnelius Httys, Atitoii Henchel, Gershain.l Horner, Satnson Houlgh,* Wi.llittm J.-Hi:ll,* Williaml Holsinlger,* Elias S. It-win, Johli Jatmison, Thomaos Johnstun, Williaml P. Ketchllnm Henry Kliiie, David Kiniess, Joliti Ktellei-, Jitcob Kenlnedy,* Jacob Lttndsburger, Albert. Lash, John A. Lawver, Jo3sepli Laulghaln Clarenlce Long, Alblert La-ih, SamuoAl Lamminisoi, Henry Lepler, Jalmes R. Lowe, David J. Markle,Jolia M., Miller, liraii llMillison, Hat vey Mills, Geor-re Minkin, Mlichael iMinisterer, Rtobert Monltgomer y, James Mooi-, Daniel, Malalrliy, Hawdon MIarsliall, J.tmnes A. Marattat, Willi.,m A. Ma-ree, Sanmuel Mlayes,*: Clai-les Morgan, Bernard Mc,Ilahon, Pattersori MceLain, George McGucken, Hugh McCord,: WVilliaiy McKoevpr, George P'eters, Williamtl Petiriy, Saniuel G. Pinikertonl, Pierce l'owers, George Reddick, Heriry Roenigk, Willi-am Row, Frederick Riitert, Thieodore Redoiilbt, Jawmes A. Stewvart, Hart ison Sagor, Joliii Sample, Alexander' Sitnnes, James Sliaiies, Joseph R. Simmers, Seb)astian Smith, Heiiry Sh;arp, Charles B. Smith, Thomas Stoops, William Siiy(ler, Jamnes L. Snodgrasi,* George Slioebe, Frederick Schmidt, Jo.seph Talylor, Ellis C. Thorn, Zjacharialh Tiurnier, Geoi-ge W.VYanKirk.Georgo Vorhess, H.enry C. Waftson, Sparks Wall, Oli-ver S. Wiley, Alfen W.tll, Peter Williaiiis, Samuel Williams, Hellry Wejst,: George Wilie.* CO?7?paqly- I.-Cap)tains, FSamuel A. McKee,* Jolhn T. Bell;* First L.ieuteneants, N. P. W. Gotta., Ricliard Bailey, Jas. H. P. Hunter, Luke J. Dooling,.Tames Strong,* Jamt s D. Pealrce; Sergeants, Williani Y. Bailey, Irit McElhose, Tlhomas C. Anderson, WVilliatm Logan, John H. Kerr, Epshraim B. Johnston, George M. Einlrick, Chalrles H. Tliompson,; Corpot-als, Williatit R2aTikitn, Sylvanus F. Covill, Charles Wailters, Thios. ~Mulvihill, Mlittthew Beniiett, John.11anilton, Johii C. Robison, John McLean, George L. Smith,, Samiuel, McCutchor~ Robxert W. Sh.tffer, Chai-les Mattiewvs,* Francis Tho.nilpson,* Samuel IKeys,* Thiorllasr lAcCush,-* arnles J. S. Phillips,* Sa;l-iliel Reynoldls,* Noah Wensell, Privates, Deiinis Andlrews, Joseplh Adams,* -Jacol: Bean, Mlicliael Book, Tlieodore F. Barker, George Byers, C:has. L. Butterfield, ~Williarm Blakely, Geo-rge B3ratdley, Alfred Bradley, Jan-es H. Bteibb)ert, VWilliarxl Bright, John M1. Burris, Joseph L. Burley, John F. Bruner, David Bruiiei-, Aiiios Boley,* Nic:holas. Bielil,* Williaiii P. Bi-ady, Htigh Brown, George Bulchaiiani, John;Col-, lins, Willia.lii G. Clark, John Conway, Jaimes G.. Conway, James C. Contiers, Saniuel. Clilblert, Robert Culhert, Alfred Calstle, Thomas Cross, Philip Donglass, Clias. P. Dav-is, Peter. Dr-ury, Chai-les Deati, G;eorge -M. Davis, Samuel J. Dennry,* Jefferson Dowli llg, Arnold Devooar, And rew J. Earl ly, Jona. H. Flem ing, William }lenllin g, Eliram Franltz,* GSeorge L. Gi-aft, Mittthew Grifflth, Wi.lliarn Gold,.*. Alfred Gold,.John Grush, Isaatc P. Hill, Jolhn llaney, Henry W. Heaisley, C. s. Hixenbaugh, Jo.seph- Henderson,.George W. Haney, RoUert Hunter, Oliver M. Health, John P. Hardy,* Silas Henry, Stewart Haiiey, Jacob Iitswn, Janies Ingram, David Johnstoii, Williamn T. Jones, Lewis Kilgore,* Robert Lambine, William Lloyd, Gust Legotillon, Joliii M. Logan, Iiiaac Mlaskell, Willianil J. Myers, William Montgomlery,* Robert MJiller, John Maginnis, William F. MVeeker, HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANtIA.30 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVAN IA. About one o'clock in the afternoon the whole force commenced crossing, and by two o'clock all were over and formed in marching order on an open piece of ground, some four hundred yards below the mouth of Turtle Creek. The Monongahela at this point runs in very nearly a northwest direction, and is about one thousand feet broad. The bottom land on the right bank extends, perhaps, about a quarter of a mile towards the rising ground to the north and northwest. This bottom land is higher along the river, and for some two hundred yards north, than it is a little farther on,there being a low wet strip of ground running fiom Turtle Creek, near the railway bridge, for some distance towards the west. Beyond this wet ground is a gentle rise up to the level ground, which extends towards the village of " Braddock's Field," lying to the west; beyond this field, at the distance of a short half-mile from the landing, the ground rises quite suddenly to a height of thirty or forty feet, and still farther to the north and northeast are very high hills overlooking the valley. Running down through the second rise are two or three ravines, with gently-sloping banks, the largest and deepest being a few rods east of tbe little cemetery on the brow of the hill. The road is supposed to have passed up to the plateau beyond, between the larger ravine and the small one next east of it. A couple of springs gush out of the hill-side to the right and left of this road; one a little above Mr. McKinney's house, near the Pennsylvania Railway track, and the other farther to the west, just behind the old Robinson mansion. This last is called Braddock's Spring. The slope of the plateau, or second bank of the Monongahela. runs nearly parallel with the river through the village, which extends from the river-bank up over the plateau toward the high hills beyond. The Pennsylvania Railway runs through the upper part of the town, and the Baltimore and Ohio through the lower part, about equidistant between the Pennsylvania Railway an.d the river. A careful study of the annexed plan of the battle, made on the ground, will give the reader a better idea of the situation than any description. Leaving the British army formed for the march, let us go back a few days and see what was going on at Fort Duquesne. Contrecoeur * was in receipt of early intelligence concerning the arrival of Braddock in Virginia, and his scouts kept him informed almost daily of the movements of the army during its advance. They somewhat over-estimated its strength, however, placing it at three thousand. The force at the disposal of Contrecoeur amounted to less than three hundred French and Canadian troops, and a very uncertain number of Indians, for the latter were terrified at the approach of the British, whom they represented as being as plenty as pigeons in the woods. The French commander had finally made up his mind that a retreat or surrender was inevitable. But there was a young officer in the fort, M. De Beaujeu, who, for the honor of France, believed something ought to be attempted, and finally obtained permission from Contrecoeur to take the French troops, provided the Indians would accompany them, and go forward and harass the British. Beaujeu laid his plan before the Indians, who refused to go, but the intrepid officer only appealed to them the more strongly, until they agrleed to hold a council and see what could be done.; The council was held, and they again refused to go. Beaujeu then made a stirring speech to them, and said he was going whether they went or not. He felt sure of success, and asked them if they would let him go alone. This had the desired effect, and preparations were now made for the march. Gunpowder, bullets, flints, etc., were distributed among the Indians, and on'the morning of the 9th, while Braddock was crossing the Monongahela at the upper ford, Beaujeu, accompanied by Captains Dumas and Lignery, four lieutenants, six ensigns, and two cadets, with about two hundred and thirty French and Canadians, and a force of Indians variously estimated at from one hundred to six hundred and fifty, set out towards him intending to rneet him at the second crossing and dispute the passage.t But, on their arrival near the crossing, they found that the army was to o soon for them, and the French officers immediately formed their forces in a diagonal line, along the brow of the plateau, and prepared to strike the English in front and on their right flanks as they came up the slope through the heavy timber which then covered the battle-ground. At this perilous juncture, when the terrible enemy lay along the ridge and in the Some writers contend that M. De Beajeu was in command of Fort Duquesne. We have been shown a French work,-a.journal kept by Friar Denys Baron, chaplain at Fort Duquesne during the years 1753, 1754, 1755, and 1756,-which gives a list of the deaths and baptisms cluring those years, and a particular account of the death of Captain Leonard Daniel, Sieur de Bea,ujeux, in which he is called commander of Fort Duquesne. The account by Contrecoeur is from the records of the War Department a.t Paris, but it is claimed tha,t Contrecoeur made an unreliable report. It is said that the famous Pontiac commmanded the Indians. darkened ravines, with rifles cocked and eager eyes upon their unsuspecting victims, while a stillness as of death hung over the sombre forest, had Braddock but have sent a dozen Indians, or as many of the border Scouts, to probe those silent hillsides and beat up the hidden ravines, how many a brave and gallant soldier, wbose death was doomed before the sun should set, might have been saved! When everything was ready for the march, Braddock ordered Gage and St. Clair to advance, with flankers thrown out, and the working party to push on and open the road. The word was given-forward! When"At once there rose so wild a. yell Within that dark and narrow dell, As all the fiends from Heaven that fell Had pealed the banner-cry of Hell!" Along the front, and crashing, away to the right, came a terrific fire from hundreds of unseen, yelling foes, and the head of the column literally sank into the earth; another torrent of flame flashed through the echoing woods, and the shattered and decimated column fell back in the greatest confusion. The provincial companies at once took in the situation, and, spreading among the trees, opened fire upon the enemy whenever they could see their crouching forms. Gage attempted to rally his men for a bayonet charge, but they were in utter confusion, and a more deadly fire than any they had ever encounter ed was pouring upon them from an enemy whom they could not see, and of whose numbers they knew nothing. Gage was soon wounded, and his men. fell back in the greatest confusion. Braddock had mounted at the first sound of battle, and dispatched an aid to learn the situation. He ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Burton forward with eight hundred men; but these, meeting Gage's command, caught the alarm, and the two bodies became inextricably mixed among the trees- and tangled underbrush, so that the utmost efforts of their officers could not reduce them to order. In the meantime a few of the guns were hastily run forward and opened with grape upon the dense forest in their front. Beaujeu, the French leader, was killed, the provincial troops were doing good work on the flanks, and for a moment the fire of the enemy slackened. But Dumas took command, and, passing along the line, infused new life into the Indians, to whom the sound of the heavy guns was for a moment terrible, and again a most infernal fire was opened, extending along the flank to the right and producing fearful havoc. Braddock rode towards the front, cursing the cowardly devils who would not come out and fight like men, and raving like a madman when he found the commands of Gage and Burton crowded into an undistinguishable mass and cowering like frightened sheep under the deadly fire of the enemy. The provincial companies were the only men who seemed to have their senses. They had comprehended the situation at the first shot, and, instantly spreading themselves amon g the trees, were doing all that was possible to return the fire. Braddock rode hither and thither, commanding the British officers to rally and reduce their men to order, and storming furiously at the Americans for fighting behind trees and logs, until, one after another, five horses had fallen under him and all his staff had been killed or wounded, excepting Washington, who seemed to bear a charmed life. Two horses had been killed under him, and four bullets had passed through his clothing, and Dr. Craik says he expected every moment to see him fall. For three long hours the sound of battle had shaken the echoing, hills, and the slaughter was dreadful. The fire of the enemy had extended along the whole right flank. Shirley, the general's secretary, had fallen at his side, and terror and confusion were everywhere. Seeing the hopelessness of continuing the contest, Braddock, in order to cover the flank, ordered Colonel Burton to charge upon an eminence to the right, from whence had come the heaviest fire. This movement failed. Burton was wounded and his men driven back,and, as if to crown the disasters of the day, Braddock was struck through the right arm and side and mortally wounded. He fell from his horse and was caught in the arms of Captain Stewart of the Guards,and borne to the rear against his wishes, for, seeing the terrible disaster that had overtaken him, and understanding, well the disgrace which would inevitably follow, he would have died upon the field. A retreat had been ordered, and Washington endeavored to direct it in some sort of order, but the men threw away their arms and fled to the rear as fast as possible. A halt was made after crossing the river, where about a hundred men had been rallied temporarily, and there was some thought of halting and intrenching here and awaiting Dunbar's arrival; but the men speedily took to flight, leaving the general and the other wounded officers to get forward as best they could. On the evening of the day after the battle, the train of wounded reached Gist's plantation, where for the first time they rested, and on the morning of the l1th t went on to Dunbar's camp, which they found as badly frightened as the portionI 2.2 i 8 Thomas C. Um-tin,*, William L. ilercpr, John McGary, Albei't McNinch, Mattliew McIiitosli, Jolin 3leNlitt, Jitmes McCluen,* Juhn IcCannel,John H. Newlln, Jolii-i W. Oyster, John K. Pliillips, Jolin Pearson,* Lyni'an S. Phelps, Josc-pit Peppard, Josepli Reynol(ts, Joseph Richards, Wiii. L. Rossiter, Jaities A. Rankin,* Jolin R.tijkin,.Jr.,* Saintiel G. Ratikin,* Johii Roberts, Joliii C. SiK,4, Ileter Shotise, Geo. Shoenburger, Geoi-ge Sliot, Ahsalmn Stoner, Robert Stevens, Etntntiel E. Siiiitti, S,tmuel Sli(iffer, James C. Sliields, William Iam, Alfred Sia-4, Jolin Sloati, Alf'red Sliirk, David Tennant, 3leKnight Taylor, Henry Vote, Jaines Valjo, Leopold A. WoIl, Leaii(tei- Williamson, Chi-istian Woll, Martin L. Walters, Willi(tni A. Watts, Joliii Wesley, Elijah Williaiiis, Jaiiies Werisel, Thoiiias Webster, George W. Wilcox,* Aii-tist II. Yale, Michael Zafoot. pany If.-Captains, Juhti A. Clin, B011jft111in Huey; First L'etitenants, Risdon DeFord, Jolin A. H. Foster; Second Lietitenants, Wiii, W. Cal(lwell, David Browti, D. Poi-ter Marshall; Sergeants, 1). B. Kii-kpati-ick, Jolin D. Armstrong, Thomas J. Mai-Iiii, William D. Porter, Jolin A. Ititchey, Robert 0. Clever, Fre4lerick Sheckler,* George R. Clever, Robert P. Sitields, Speticer P. Bai-i-ett, Wiii. H. Geer, Joliii C. Russell, Saiii. Sel-irecetigost; Corporals, Robet-t Ha-an,Jos(,ph L. Ervingw, Aii-tist SelimLiclc, R. G. Flemin-, Adaiii L. Wilson, George A. Serene, Williaiii E. McClure;* Musicians, James 11. Hill, George M. Stiiitli, Jani,,s A. Ga1hraith,* John L. Ferer;* Privates, Leroy Abbott, Jolin Adam,, James C. Bartiett, Abraham liechtel, Joliii Balsiger, Daniel Barriiigton, William Mickley, Benjamin Bell, William G. L. Black, Jolin Blacii, John Q. A. Barrett,* Retiben Barnhart,* Robert Brewster,-%- John 31. Br,an, Daiiiel Cogley, George W. Collins, John J. Crawford, Williarn Chrisman, Willi-tin F. Cline, Joiiii Cowan,* Jolin Carney,* Epti. A. Calhoun,* Jacob Crogle,* Jolin Campbell,* Peter Deets,.Jonatltan Durnell, SA()mon L)urnell, Johii Diii-nell, Marion Elder, James Eilstace,Lewis Erbano, William Elder, Benjamin B. Eaton,* Henry Fox, Jolin R. Fitzgerald, Martin Frank, Jolin A. Fleming,* Aiidrew J. Goi-don, Oliver Gray, George 11. Gaskins, Calviii Gray,* Thomas Hoy, Daniel C. Hawk, Philip Hellain, George J. Hetrick, Augtis t'J. Hetrick, Peter C. tlett-iclc, Clirist. Hartmin, Geo. L. Hailegall, Es tu Har(lin, Josliu t D. Hazlett, Pittrick Howe, J. It. Henders!)n, Jaines W. Hityes, James Haden, Dani-A Howser,* Williatii B. Hayes,* Thomas Hosack,* Jaines C. Jackson, Win. J. Johnson,* Pliilip Kribbs, Gidooti Kribbs, D. C. Kirlipati-iclc, George Kribbs, Tiloinag Kiskadden, Johii 3,1. Keller, Cliarles A. Logaii, A. G. Llewellyn, Jolin Moore, William R. Mahan, Joliti Alix, Isaac L. Nloore,* Dtvid M,arshall,* R. L. McGaughey, William McGlregor, Wiiliain McCullough,* D. L. McCloskey,* Geoi-ge Nicely, Cliai-les Nichols, William Ong,* David Ollinger,* Jolin Puttigrew, Jaines W. Pt-itts, Jaiiies Pence, Jolin Peppard, 3licliael Quiiin, Gasper 1-teed, Williani Ro-le, Saintiel D. Reesenian, Wiliiittii 1-1. Reeseman, David H. Ittiffner, William B. Ramsay, Patrick RoNvan, Jonathan Robb,* Charles M. Siiiitli, Willi:tm Satiders, Joliti Showakei-, Edward Stang, Peter R. Snyder, Martin V. B.Sprotil, Joseph Shoemaker, S-.Schreceii4ost.* George Shreckler,* Johii A. Troiip, George W. Thompson,* Berij. Thoi-iipsoti, Hetiry Uppeiman, William Whited, Samuel Wltited, Willia.-Ii W. Wells, William Whitaker, David Wolf, Joliti S. Walker, Aiidi-ew IVI. Wolf.* ONE IIUNDRED AND NINETY-THIRD REGIMENT-ONE JIUNDRED DAYS' SERVICE. Colonel, Jolin B. Clark; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jas. W. Ballentine; Major, Horatio K. Tyler; Adjutant, Wm. P. McN:iry; Qtiarterniaster, Fraticis G. BAley; Stirgeon, Charles Bower; Assist-atit Surgeons, Robert J, Toiiib, William N. Miller; Sergeant-Major, Joliti C. Mapes; Quartermaster Sergeant, Wm. 11. Jeffi-jes; Cotiin-iissary Sergeant, Ilorace C. Benliam; Hospital Steward, Raiiiiltott Yoder; Principal Mus"ciati, David I. Caiiipbell. Com,pany A.-Captains, James W. Ballentine, Isaac N. NIcMunn; First Lieutenant, James H. Bascom; Seconti Lieutenant, Jolin G. Bryant; Ser-eittits, Henry E. C. Bowers, Fre(lei-ick S. Swett, Saintiet'M. Dowden, Joliti McCalion, Cliarles Cook; Corp)i -als, James McCutcheon, Jaiiies H. Ailien, Beiij. Fielbach, Ditniel Qlark, George W. Stewart, Williain Updograph, Alexander Newton, George J. Weiss; Musician, T. E. Cuniiingliam; Privittes, Geo. D. Ballontine, Albert Becket, Wiltiam J. -medict, William Briggs, Thomas Blirk, Ati(irew Burns, Gust Burtis, Williani fl. Gain, liam. C. Carp,-nter, Jolin J. Clarlc, Thom;is Coleman, Joseph Cook, Bazzle Crow, George W. Cull), William Campbell, Henry W. Copley, JainesConrey, Henry H. I)avis, Wm. H. Dotiser, John Elliott, George D. Faller, Joseph Fiiidley, John W. Ftilton, James Fowler, Onslow K. Gardner, Jacob Green, James E. Giles, Wiii. Ren(lei-soi), W. 11. Hitabidel, Win. flay, Andw. Hoffinan, Wm. Hook, Geo. W. Iltinter, James Jackson, Alexander Johnstoii, J. B. W. Jolinston, I"riiiiklin J. Kirli, Williitm Keenzlein, James Lawton, Atidrow Lo,-an, Peter Mack, E(Iward G. Magee, Williaiii J. Martin, Martin Metz-ar, John B. Moorhead, James F. 31ortori, Robert Myer,-;, Tiioiiias Moore, Peter Morgaii, James McCloskey, Hampton MeCltire, Josepli 1VIcElhancy, Homer L. McGtrr, Diiiiioiit McKolvev, John McDeriiiott, William Newton, Joseph Ogden, IVilliam Parker, George W. Pliillips, James M. Qiiill'lii, Johii Rambo, Frank Rattigan, Johii C. Reed, J. Witlter Reynolds, Heni-y Roottig, George Roberts, John Sc()tt, Geor,re Sonft, Jas. B. Shearrer, Williani Shiel(is, Albert- V. Simpsoti, Cliarles Slacker, Charles NV. Stiiith, Williani Stewart, Philip Smith, John D. Stanford, Tlioiiias Staley, William J. Sweetiey, Thomas L. Willianis, Haiiiilton W. Yoder. Comp(tiiy B.-Captains, Joliti B. Clark, Jolin S. Bell: First Lielitellant, Edwai-d A. Noble; Second Lieiitenants, William P. iNleNary, James 1NI. Corneliti.4; Serge:Lnts, James Shaw, Alfr'eil M. Bryan, Jolin A. Gilliland, Sylvatius A. Barr, iNI-atthew A. Patterson; Clorpm-als, James S. Artlitit-, John P. Log-an, Thomas A. Spi-oiill, William K. Jennings, Robert J. Bradshaw, William W. Cole, Andrew Taggart, Joseph A. Heriiictip; Privates, Jolin Anderson, Geo. K. Btlph, Jol)n W. Berk, R)bert M. Brown, William Braidiwait, James S. Bla(-k, Bei-ijamin B. Btichztnan, Horace C. Benliam, David K. Bc-lls, Johii Campbell, Matthew Cititipbell, Robert Campbell, Heiiry C Cltnipb 41, Heni-y CArsp,cken, Olivei- E. Cornelius, Andrew J. Carson, Josepli C. Clarli, Josepti Citn-lpbell, Albert Duncan, Edwin A. Dawson, John S. Davis, JoIiti Dege.1man, Charles B. Dretiaii, Isaac Davis, Hans M DLitilap, Mattliew' G. Eweit, George R. Edgar, John Fea.;el, Henry S. Floyd, Jolin H. Fox, Henry Fall, Willi(tm H. Gardner, James C. Gritliani, Williaiii E. flohiies, Boner Howarct, C. P. Hendei-soti, William H. Howells, Hugh Hazlett,* Sa muel James, Thoinas 11). Je-tiniii(rs, Hezekiah Jolirison, Victor Klages, James Leiteli, William E. L;twrence, George B. Lo-ati, Fratik Lutz, Eli C. Loiig, George B. Mencar, Sidney P. Madeira, Robert C. 31illet-, John S. Moi-ton, William 3lere(lith, Goorge N.Ionaghan, W. J. Montgomery,* Williani S. McKee, George McFert-on, Johti D. AI-Xiine, Ja!nes E. McCabe, Henry.MoGeary, Williaii-i J. McBrier, Joseph McKni-lit, Charles A. MeNeele, Lestei- B. Noble, Jamps Neely, Thomas H. Orr., Samtiel M. Orr, Jolin 1). Owens, Fi-aiik Peali, Samuel Pearse, William Peftrse, Jitities M. Rid(ile, Williat-n Ritdcliff, C. C. Rinehart, Randolph Rancilett, Jaines Renwick, Dickson C. Shaw, Charles B. Sayer, Tfiotiias INI. Swartz, Jaiiies Sllipillan, Tllomas Scott, Joseph A. Sliinn, Harry C. Sheriff, George Thompsoii, Williain Wilsoii. Company G.-Captain, Jolin Dorrington; Fit-st Lieuteriitnt, William P. Floyd; Second Lietitenant, John, Adler; Sei-geatits, Jos. Kerr, Wm. H. 3leDowell, Rieli. Boice, Alex. Mori-isoti, Jas. W. Carline, flenry Metz'; Corporals, Fi-ani-, Gritzier, Cyrtis D. Richey, David T. James, Adain Adler, Jas. Lyddy, Bosty Gtistine, Leoii Jones, Wm. Fisher, Asa Broad, Jos. Astoil; Privates, Geo. Applegate, Fre(l. Barr, Jolin It. Breiinen-ieii, Steplien Briceland, Jollii Boone, Elijah B. Beecliet-, Chi-istiaii Buriier, Hi-i-ii Browri, Beiij. Cox, Geo. S. Cau-iiey, Wili. Ctirry, Nicholas Chr:st, Con Cotiiiell, George Ci-eelman, Joliii L. Coulter,-John Clirist, Allen Cordell, Jacob Conrad, Sr., Jiicob Conrad, Jr., Edward Davis, John Dougherty, Terrence Daly, Jolin Dtinti, Jolin Dillinger, James Diiiin, John Evans, Moses Foster, C. H. Fahiiestock, Jerome Gi-aliam, "'illiam Gritham, Henry Greiiii, Henry Hai-tmus, Michael Hannan, John Ingersoll, Betijamin Janie-4, William Johnson, Joliti lioliler, Johii Krebbs, Michael Krutz, Atm Keef'er, Henry Lipp,,rt, Patrick Long, Edwarci Lincisey, Williai-n E. Left, Harmori Mossiiian, Daniel Mathews, Jacob Matz, Wendall Miller, Cliarles Matz, Andi-ew 31iller, Thomas Murray, Philip Miller, Jaines 1VIiir(loch, Washington McMillen, Theodore. McDonald, Michael Picul, Hetiry Pickart, 011arles Ranibaugh, Williain Snyder, Conrad Seli, William F. Smith, Campbell Staiinton, Henry Snyder, James Smitli, Elijah Slender, Valentine Stevens, Wni. Sweeney, Edward Sweeney, John Thon-lpson, John Wickliaiii, Jaii-ies A. Williams, Geor-e D. Weit, Mttrtin V. Yates, James Young. Compaiiy D -Captain, Frederick Gast; First Lietitenant, Mattliew Elliott; Second Lieutenant, Charles A. Weeks; Sergeants, William Moon, Oscar F. Lamm, Saiiiiiel Boyd, Paiil Crawford, Ebbert B. Clouse; Corporals, Ft-ancis McDowell, Leon Laut'nian, Albert Scaildrett, William H. Long, Cas,4us C. Lamm, Williain Dales, Thomas Ctitler, Williani H. RAter; Musicians, Patrick H. O'Brian, John Wyble; Privates, James Adams, R:)bert Bt-owti, Robet-t A. Burke, Georg," Beilstein, Joliti B tker, Theodore F. Baker, Johii P. Btitlei-, Saiiiiiel Bond, William Boycl, Daniel Colnier, Edward Cappe, Will-am Calmtis, John B. Clark, John CoLiltei-, Stewart Calhoun, Daiiiet F. Dotithett, Charles Deer, Thoinas D. Evans, Albert Evans, John Foreman, Cliarles. Fisliei-, Benjainin Frew, Joliri Giiyton, SAmuel Gardner, Henry Grury, John Graham, imuel Gi-eeilllilgll, John Hobson, Williaiii Hobson, Thomas Hill, Victor Iltibble, John Hays, Philip Hawick, Robert B. Kentiedy, Levi Ketitiody, Benjamiti Knox, James L,,tp'sh, Davi(i Lapisli, Henry Langlight, Jaiiies Marshall, Andrew Mitt-sliall, G(-rald Movrow,.Joseph Miller, Jacob C. Merriman, Saintiel B. McKain, J-ohii MeDet-niott, Johi-i McClurg e., Elliott Nickelson, James L. Otterman, Williain H. Paeker, Williatn Price, Piiilip Qtiest, Al x. Rosensteil, Jarnes W. Rodgers, R-,od SLitzell, Brown Stitton, Robet-t Sloan, Enocii Siddle, Jacol) Speck, Adam Stitiltz, Adain Showers, David Thompson, W. A. Tliompson, Geor-e Twee(ile, Benjamin Unlis, Williaiii P. Wiltoti, Adolphtis E. Wetllck, James Womersley, George West. (lompany F.-Captain, James L. Graliaiii; Fit-st Limitenant, A. C. Montgomery; Second Lieutenant, James C. Blaines; Sergeants, Jos. 11. 31ont-omerv, Jainf_,s Wallace, William H. Moore, Joseph S. Vincent, Williitin K. Flenniken, William H. Jeffries, Fratili E. Ileiiim(in, Peter Cunningham; Corporal-i, Alex. Hu-hes, Ket-tio 1nhn, Alex. S. Bostian, Lebetis Hursh, Thl)m-ts- M. Et-win, Jolin McWilliams, 11. F. Carson, James Boice; 31tisician, J. Q. A. McCortnick;, Pt-ivates, Joseph AgAbs, James Atiderson, Olivei- P. Blaii-, John Bowmall, Richat-d F. Bt-own, Julitis C. Bi-auii, George H. Beckard, John Ball;ick, William Beverlatid, William Bowsei-, Dann,'rhomait P. Dobson, Jo,hn C. Daty, William Doulglass, James J. Ellis, Robert F. Feathers, Johlt M. Friesleb)en, Charlles H. Fyock. Thoi-titoii F. G;off, M:chael J. Go(rdon, James Huliflle-;, Jolhn Herron, Albei-t Harn.lton, Eclward Holsinlger, Josepli J. Howartd, Samtiel S H:tney,.John F. lloe, Ditvid fIay, Geo3rge W. Hj,I4;ett, Noriiian Herr, Isr.tel Hiifiptislreys, Tlhoiiias H. Irwin, Litt liei Jolin-4tonl, Jofin S. Larnbie, Cliarlezs n. Loomis, S lltiiiel Lewis, Salmuel Lenlkard-, Lawrence Logmri, Loiiis MI;igee, Vir,(,il F 3'Lorgan, Jamnes 31ittliell, Chartlles M fli-a.n,'rhos. J.Dido-Kallip, Thos. S. McDonlald, Johin E. MIcGover n, Petet- McCoy, Thoiiias MIcAul;ffe, Jo)n McCIay,. John McC lplin.John Mc(Guire, Rob)ert McKIiii-,ht, flent-y Natsh, Jaities L. Orr, A-iidiew J. P;hillips, WVilliami Pilce, Jr1., Herm--tu Puff, William Pattersonl, Georg,; S. Rod-o(rs, Istiali Robbins, Robert W. Slmith, Alfr-ed S()wors, Henlder son Swick, Williialil Tieriiey, Jo.s. O. Thompson, Jolhn Totirer, Albert R. WVeber, Joseph Wickliiie, Rob)ert:). Youiig. ---: - CompanSy (J.-Captain, James E. Crlow; First Lieuteznant, Saimliel P. H:uston; Second Lieutenant, John Cilin(ler; Sergeant,, Jamies Hiinter, Herman -Clause, Adam G. Mill(ir, Edward Palinler, Philip Levy, James MV. Simp)son, HIamilton K. Beatty; Corpor.tls, Dariiel Dulnbar, Jo)lin Eva-iis, Saiiiiiel 1'. Forsyth, Jacob P. Iteichart, Alansoii S. Dulrb;m, Johri K.-Conkle. John H. Sniith, JQhn A. Dixoil, Jam'es F. NVarner, Thorn:is lieys; Privrates, ShadrXachl Aikenls, Williami W. Achenson, Thionias' M. Allabauclt, Thomas Alexander, l)avid Alberson, Cllaretiee B. lleatty, FraDtz Bergei-, John D. Bechlee, Chatrles Bungey, Leandler Britiey, Jolhn G.: CJoates, Robortt Collins, Michael Coriw tv, Jatcobl Cazble, W. S. Culnningh1amn,Williamn Cilin(lei-, John Cilind'erj a1nie; Do)nald, Alichael. D tiley, John W. Dulffy, Datniel Wv. Davidlsont, Samutel D-rvis, Williaii-i Duncan, Jame es Donrlell, Thornas.Eatrly, Dan;el Eisenliulth, Chtris;tian Geisey, James Gibsson, Willia'm Glist, George Holmnes, Jotlii Rulte ldion, Thloarns H.all, tJohn D. Holmes, Thomas Irwin, Jam-es Jones, Janmes Jacks!on, Andre'w G.~ Kib)ler, Samuiel II., Kenney, Williaml Kelley\, Williani Lelhman, Jlobn Lindsawy, Jaiiies Lafflerty, Samuel. l[atfl-hner, James W. Mattliewvs,Fratllk Murply, Johri Mucekle,.Johnl May, Join. Miller, Alex. H. Macekey, George Mulrr i y, William Mf Br atney, Jesse McClelland1(, Tliornas Mc()rackilj, James McBJride, Jolin McGalfi-in, Ri)bert MNcCobin, Henry Over, Alexander-Orr, William lPiirclias,~, Alhciert Pra;tt, Johnt Powvers, James A., Plattt, Hugnh.Palrner, John B. P itricQ,.Jo- e,)h! L. ERice-, C A. Richardsorn, AndlrewltRobinsonl Dcavid Sloss, Wm. St( w,art, William F. Steel, C:liarl-soWri X,bt, H. J. Westenmtnn, Cliarles Wall. Coinp(tn.y H.-Captaiis, Horaltio K. Tyler, Jainleq R. Macormnac;-,FIrst L eut-nant, Charleq Ljengenfelter; Secondlt L eutenant, 4lIhn G. _Frey.' Serg *ants, Joha W. R.1obirns9n,:Henry Berringer, -Le%vis Faberi, JamesX Cu(ldy, James Forrester, James Larrimer, John Reitzel; Corporals, Edward H. Roach, Williaiii WOOdburn, James Wilson, George Fence, Johii Wesley, Robei't W. Beatty, Sarnuel Mool'o; Milsiciall, Jesse Gibbs; Privates, Edwat-d Acor, David Aiiberger, James Andersoti, Josepti Armstrong, Saiiiiiel 1-1. Butterfield, Brooke Butterfield, 1s:tac H. Benitett, Chat-les Bowers, Frederick Baum,'R. Berberich, Angtist Bagle, Jos. Bauniann, Tlios. Berrin-er,Michael Barrett, Jolin H. Coiilter, Wni. Costelow, Edwd. Costelow, Michael Costelow, Jas. Durkin, George F. Dennistoii, Willis T. Estep, Wm. Edwai-ds, George W. Floyd, Henry Faulkeustine, George Foi-ce, Frank Ferthr, Cliarles Fredhoffer, Jolin B. Foster, Jaines Farrell, Johii Green, Jolin W. Grubbs, Wiii. 1. Grow, William Galancy, Abraham Gallantine, Charles Horneck, Henry Hanna, Frederick Hanna, Jolin Hughey, Cliai-les Haas, Van Hilinan, Johii H. Hefflich, George Herman, Henry Kuloi-, Otto R. Lappe, Karl G. Leids, Michael Latinigan, Frederick Lesaman, William F. Loreiiz, C. Lengenfelter, James S. Morton, Hetiry C. Myers, Robert M. Megraw, Thomas, M Lguire, Albert MeHitich, Jolin Nelsoii, James 01,1ham, Geo. Piles, Joseph Patterson, Mat. PlieNvenl-er, Wiliiaiii Parkor, Thomas Scott, Julius Stup, Jolin Seliell, Thomas M. Stewart, Peter Schatis, Pllilip Sinith, Frederick Thunliorst, Paiil Thonias, Fredericl; Yill, Ed. D. Willianis, Leoriard Wedel, Henry Wicit, Jacob Wodeley, Frederick Woelfel, Christian Wettacli, Samuel Wills,, George Wilcox, Geoi-ge Wills, James Yourig, E. Zimmerman. Co?n1)any If.-Captain, Isaac Wriglit; First Lieutenant, Richard Gray Second Lieutenant, Eliakim Torrance; Sergeants, Willhim Grahani, Johii lVleyer, Jolin McGowan, Geor-e Rogrers; Corporals, Elislia Torrance, Charles Ptimell, (-,,eorge Gi-een, Johii Irwin, George Seckler,.John Robb, Williim Young, Jaclison Omer, 1)(tvid Poi-ter; Musician, George Philippi; Privates, Jesse Akens, Joliii Arriold, James C. Alexander, Henry Baird, Melvii-i Blanchard, William Boyd, Eli Broolis, Charles Brooks,* Robert Bartoii, Derk Blow, Chai-les Carr, Alaii Clit-istwell, James Cornelius, Charles Cowan, William Cowell, Joseph Cupps, D. Datip-lienba-ugh, John Deemer, Andrew Deglenian, Joseph Donal(ison, Edwai-d Deiining, David 1-1. Duval,* William Eichenrod, George W. Evans,* Frederick Ellison, Jacob Froberg, Jonathan Fulton, William Fisher, San-itiel Gibson, Jollii Gormley, John GoLild, Samuel S. Gillespie, Isaac Hicks, Joseph Hillman, Josepli Horne, Jolin Howard, Robert S. II-Lighes, Frederick Jellisori, Andrew Johnston, NormaD King, Jolin Koebert, Eclwai-d Lahr, James Lawreiiee, Thoinas Marshall, Orlando Miller, Isaac Moffit, Jesse Moore, Williain Moore, Artlitir 3lcCaiximon, Robei-t TVI-CCarty, Robert McCatiley, Alexander McLailghlin, David McMarlin, Enocii Nevill, Michael Ne -wman, Joseph Nichols, William Olivet-, Jolin Pryor, Fraiik Puff, Ciinningbam Reecl, William Rice, Frank P. Robinson, William G. Ralston, Itobert Rice,* Johii Sloop, Sidney Stiill, David L. Shanet-, Johii Sliea, William Shearer,, Abrabani Shockey, Jacob Seifert, Robert Smith, Joseph Spencer, Homer Stevenson, James Stevensoii, John H. StoughtOD, Adam Tori-ence, Jeremiah Torrence, Jitmes Uselton, Jolin Warnacke, A. B. Woodruff, Jac6b Yeagle. TWO HUNDRED AND FOURTH REG131ENT-FIFTH ARTILLERY. Colonel, George S. Gallupe Lieutenant-Colonel, Joseph Browne; Majors, Mic-hael Baer, Howard Morton, Geoi-ge M. Irwiii, Wm. H. Hope; Adjutant, Robert G. 1-lare; Qual-termastor, Win. 11. 31teClelland; Surgeon, John Barber; Assistant Stirgeoiis, Janies McCann, David R. Greenlee; Sergeant-Major, Liicius R. Boyle; Quartermaster Sergeant, Charles Barker; Commissary Sergeants, Jolin N. Zeigler, Wm. T. Stevenson; Hospital Steward, Wm. 11. Whitmore, Chief Bugler, Ferditiand A. Winters. Bwtery A.-Captains, William 11. Hope, Albert Peart; First Lieutenant, Clias. B. MonFhaur; Sec3nd Lieutenants, Robert Alexander, Jesse flildebraiid; Sergeants, Fre(l. W. Goltiter, Fredeiiek Metzger, Jos. Longstaff, Charles Smeck, Joseph Pi-ice, Jol-in M. Boiee, Samuel Carey, Jacol) Davis; Corporals, John A. Logan, R. Graham Bryce, Joliti Robinson, Jolin G. Mineliardt, Miehael.Puhl, William J. Dilloii, Robei't H. Young, Micliael J. Gearitig,John. Pinkerton, Austin C. Wooster, Jacob Pool, John A. Whited; Buglers, Jolin Frederick, Jas. Sutton, John W. Ainsworth; Artificers, Wm. H. Sprout, Robert Joties; Privates, Wm. Altenber-, Isaac Ainsler, At-mean Acker, Charles Albriglit, Johii Alexaiider, James Alliersoii, Geoi-ge Anderson, Joseph Aten, Elmer E. Allen, James G. Allen, Johii M. Bowers, Peter Balclts, Peter Baldorf, Hiram Broughmaii, Noah Bowen, Htigik Beatty, Albert G. Beebe, Loiiis Breakiron, James C. Byerly, Jobn Baird, Harry E. Beatty, Nicholas Bvib(,r, Joliti Boles, Frederick Black, Jolin Buebeit, Gottleib Bauers, Jacob Bowers. Frederick Bowers, George Byers, David A. Burttiet-, Robert Boggs, Jacob Betler, Cliambers Breiiitly, Janies C. Burton, Wni. Bottles, James Brown, Robert Clat-li, Lou's Chiyton, Samuel Coulter, Barney Cai-i-oll, Thoinas Drudy, Fred Daubenniyer, Alexander Dixon, Peter Dadt, Alex. M. Dou-lass, Jolin A. Donald, William Decker, John Dunn, Sicnii-iel L. Fliiin, Au-ust Frank, Cliarles Fogle, Gottleib Frey, Charles Fisher, William Graham, Chas. Graham, JohrA Grutz, Saiiiiiel Hart, John H. Huston, Au-ustus R. Hetler, Ilenry Hohman, Jas. W. Hamilton, Chas. W. Hainilton, Peter Herrington, Fritnk Hoffii-iati, Louis Holmes, Stepheii Jerico, David Jerico,Jas. A. Jackson, Johii B. Jones, John A. Jamison, John Keeser, George Kirschrier, Henry Kanline, Peter Kornman, William King, Willici-ni E. Liitz,'Martin Lolir, Michael Long, John Lengenfelter, John T111iller, Lewis Mallasse, J. M. Mont-oinerv, Jt)o. Mulhatten, Cliristian Miller, I-lenry Miller, Frederick K. Mueller,.Edward Marta, Wm. 31yet-, Robert 3104:11an, H. McGlaughlin,,Paul MeWilliaiiis, David McCombs, Daniel McCartney, John iNi. McMurdy, Daniel McCue, Thos. Ot-i-, Win. S. Pattison, Saniiit-l A. Phillips, Rieliard Porter, Joseph Porti,r, Josiali Phillit)s, Samuel Roseleib, David Rankin, Andrew Robinson,, Davi(i Richartis, Robert Robb, Piktrick Roach, Fred. Sloop, Micliael Soffid, Basil Scott, Samuel R. Spencer, Geo. Saville, Benj. Saville, John Saville, Wm. A. Stratton, Liicilius Schofield, Acldison R. Simmoni, Andrew Smitti, Conrad Saber,'Philip Sai-ver, Conrad Shenaman, Heni-y Selimoutz, Hartman Sn-ieltz, Au-ust Sla-le, Daniel Smith, Michael Teevai-is, Joh n Titn noli ill, lvlichael Trautman, Lewis R. Williams, Geo. Wa-ner, Micliael Weddle, Jeff--rson F. William s,* Cxeo. Williams, Noah Zeigler, David Al. Zeigler. Battery B.-Captains, George Al. Irwin, Cliarles 1). Rhodes; First Lieiite-nant. Edwin F. Whitmore, James R. Clark; Second Lieiiteriants, Thotiias Fish, Edmiin(I B. Roots; Sergeants, Enos N. Hotilette, Nllilliam H..Sinith, Sliepherd Hamilton, Theodore McWilliams, Thomas J. Haiiiiali, Charles E' Marshall, Ale'Xander lkloore, Mannasah Yoho; Corporals, A. Hoopingardner, Elitiraim E. Smitli, Levi Gibson, Jolin Tallon, Benoni Aley, Eslle N. floulc, Samuel T. Diiff, Richard J. Freed, Thomas Mornes, James H. Liisk, Alex. McConnell, George Worls, Jitmes M. 11all,* Robi.rt Brewer;* Biiglers, Cliarles Tea, Joliyi F. Glass, Privates, Joli n F. Allison, Georze Allison, William Atidersoii, John Appel, Hiigh 31. Adams, Frederick Brandt, Zoreall Belles, Charles Blatt, Jaines Braderi) Joseph Barrett, lietiry Broadbent, Elz(-,y K. Burge, Jaclisoii Brewer, Lewis Baker, Avery Baker, Aaron Bell, Wm. H. Bradley, John W. Benson, Lafayette L. Bennett, Samuel K. Bingli:tin, Samuel Bootli, Jarries Carltoii, William Cameron, Geoi-ge Ctiniiingham, Peter Coiir(id, James Cassidy, William J. Cooper, Conrad Cliiie, Alexan(ler Caven, William Catterson, Davis Catterson, Adam Caiiipbell, Willia-iii P. Clark, Hugh Diiiiiiati, James A. Davidson, William Davidson, Pliilip Deitrich, Joliii P. Davis, Bartholomow Davis, Ttiomas T. Davis, Abraham Davis, David Datigherty, William Dodson, Petet- F. Elliott, Joliii L. Francis, Datis Flowers, William J. Gilkey, Wni. 3'. Grove, Arthiir E. GNvin, Wm. Gaston, Alexander Gardner, Adams Gillmore,* Tiiomas Gillespie, Sam'l. Hancock, Joiiatlian Hoag, Alvin Hunter, San-i'l Huntet-, J-oshua Hunter, David Hill, Samuel L. Herron, James Hayes, Alsinus Herbert, Aiigiisttis Haller, Alivei-t Harvey, Samuel A. Himmond, Thomas B. Iriman, John Irwin, Willhim Jamison, Ellis Joliiistoii, Archibalci Kelley, Tlieo(loi-e Keiit, Samuel W. Kennedy, George Y. Leslie, John Lusk, Robert S. Leonhard, Johii D Mitchell, William Mitcliell, Geoi-ge W. Meek, Madison Mains, Johii Mains, Nicholas Mains, Andrew 31ains, Jacob S. Iklorelaiid, An-ipton Moser, George A. Martin, John P. 31artin, Charles W. Mars, Oliver 31olter, Peter J. Molter, Williititi Mortieral, Jaiiies C. Meanor,* Robert C. McClellaiid, Jas. W. McClellaiid, Williain 3lcMillin, Ilw,-h McKnight, Wm. McCullough, James McKeloeg, Wiii. A. McNutt, William H. McCui-dy, Daniel McCtirdy, Robert S. McCreary, Thomas McCluhen, Lorenzo McCann, Thomas Newton, Wi'lliam Oliver, Aiidrew Pot-tet-, David 1. Piigh, Morris Price, Fi-aiicis K. Patterson, John D. Patterson, John 0. P. Reed, Harvey Reed, Calvin Reed, Smith It. Reed, Ilenry Rhodes, George Ruth, Pliilip Rouser, Robert Richards, E Shitigledecker, Henry Smith, Samuel W. Sm';th, Wiii. Smith, Win. Stiyder, Robert M. Showalter, Jan-ies Stewart, Robert 1-trt JAin Stevens, John A. Taylor'""m. Tate. Pliilip Thomas, Thomas Thompson, Albert Thompson, Cvriis E. Williains, Robert H. Wilson, Thomas D. Wilson, James WI-iite, John Wrigley, Ft-ederick Weicliel, N'ni. M. Wliite, Jacob Yolio, Edward Yobo, Henry Youn1g. Bctttery C.-Ciptain, Rieliard B. Youtig; First Lieutenants, Harmon L. Youiig, George W. Smith, Carroll A. McGaw; Second Lieutenants, Saxford H. Fei-i-ee, William J. Donahue: Ser-eants, Richard H. Jones, Davicl Davis, Thomas Powers, John C. Lewis, William Trimbur, John W. Williati-is, Rezir Darby, Mictiael J. Faas; Corporals, Hugh Boyles, John Gribber, Jaiiies C. HUDtel', Stephen Belinge, John L. Lewis, James T. Getty Aaron Ao-ans Hei-iry 1'. Johnson, Jolii-i Sowasli, Titon-ias J. Pierce, Samuel Matthews, George Scott; Privates, Edw'ard Antliony, Nicholas Brown, Williain Brown, Richard T. Browii, Henry Bottles, Joseph Blakely, Alf'red M. Bi-irns, Henry 31. But-ns, David Burk, Jaiiies M. Bell, John W. Bartidolbar, Francis 31. Bliss, -amuel S. Britikley, 31artiii Bash, Christiati Beiilyfang, Edward Boyles, Valentine Bailey, John Brown, G'eor-e W. Brown,Joseph E. Clark, James Cox, Calvin Clement.,,* Joslil-ia Decker, Michael Deitrick, Robei't Easton, George S. Eckey, W-Riam Ellis,James S. Evans, Thomas Forsythe, Antlioiiy Fillinger, Jolin Ftillerton, Ft-ederick Frank, Aiittiotiy Fisher, Clliarles Flowers, William FunIK, Cliai-16s A. Finch, Thomas Foulks, Nathaniel Fry, Aiidrew J. Fillmore, Jolin W. Frey, Leonard Gi-ibben, Williani S.,Greer, John B. Gray, John M. Graham, ("firistoplier Gordon, Zacharlah Gordon, John G. Gibbotis, James IVI. Gregg, Ileiiben K. Geyer, James W. Grant,* Jaiiies Gorman, Alonzo M. Hughes, George W. Huilter, Aitibrose Holden, Williain C. Harmony, Robei-t J. Henderson, Johii Hardy, Thomas J. Huntei-, J. W. Hendrickson, Samuel Hbndrickson, Robert Irviii, M. Kirkpatrick, Orson D. Kenda,11, John Krause, James Love, Nicholas Link, Fred Link, David H. Lewis, Datvid Lane, Joseph Lance, Datvi( A. Lewvi:-,Adam Matilgo(ld John AMartin, Sazmuel K. Murrcay, Richard B. Maxwell, Josepli E. Moore, lVIilton McKee, Jona,than McCatrilihet, D. C. McChes3ney, Josepli H. MlcCaul, Jaiimes MIcClintock, Irviiie McWilliams, James McMurray, Zephaiiiali MlcElvain, Denlnis MceBri(le, William J. McElhanrey, I-eni-y Newvhart, Jacob Nenlo,* John D. O)ltmatn, Chat,les H. Patterson, Williami Ilentecost, Joliii Ileacock, Loiiis Poiilson, Prestley.J. Pat-ris, Geoi-ge F. Pflumm, Jolin J. Petei,s, Johii Pifei-, Matthlias 1E-urtiker, Nelsori Parker, Ca(sper Phancook, Ben]jamin Rogers, Jolin S. Ros(-, Jac ob Rollison, Ii,vine Row, John RoNvan,,Jacob) Rect.nus, George Rose, James G. Stevens, Oliver K. Simpson, Allen Sinrlrnoiis, Jobn IJ. Sinclair, Henry A. Stone, Georg,e A. Slavyt, Sharlp W. Scott, Geoil ge A. Stewart, Frederick Shively, 11. C. Schockency, Joseph StIpart, Chi.istoplier SalmoD, I'eter Sliater, John G. Sbadyinan, Archiballd Spr:itt, Jolin Scboots, Leblwns St lier, Paul Stiner, Jesse Slhaw, James Statenfielf1, Mlatthias Sowvash, Thomas J. Smith, Peter -Stive.Ron, Williatm H.1 Sinith, Samiiel H. TeYplet, Richard Trimbtir, Moses Ulmsteadl, Thomas Varner, George A. Vo)gle, Thoma1s S. Wiggins, Is3aawc Walters, Frederick Will, Jacob) We.senstine, Bartholomew Warman, Paul Whiite, Jo hn NVoolf, John Wagoiier, David WV. Young, Samluel Yahi-es. Battery D).-C'aplt;in, Webster B. Low^man; Finst LieiiteDant, John B. Hay;- Second Lieutenantqs, David. Htitzen, John Watkins, G4eot-ge Balrclay; Sergeants, Geo)rge Fleming, Joseph G. Luthier, William Cover, William, Hoovei-, Alb)ert Brindle, Georgo W. Kearns, Joesiah gHutzen, Joseph Menzer; Corpo; als, William H. WVilliams, Johl Luther, William H-. lSerkey, G. Vo(-gtley, Jolitl Heckman, Isatac Mowry, Frederick K.essler, R;chard W. Jonos, Willi.tm Howell, Sylvester Wissitiget-, -David Farb)er, Fraiik Ko)hr, Peter Beemish- Pri. vates, Josepli' Apt, Leonar(-l Auctor, Jolii-i P. Aulkeny, Lelalnd Armor, Michael J. Berry, L,eonard BoyerHenry V. BSetts, Jolhn ll. Betts, ChristiaWn Betts, lEdwvard Bird, Samtiel C. 13ailey, Joseph Brindle,s Rufuis Crlissey, Fr.inklin Clark, Benjalmin Coover, Jolin CooMper, Sylvestpr Cruim, Williarll H. Clossin,* Christian IDietz, Jacol) Dlilll, Clilristianl l)atres, Davrid L. Davis, Reese D. D-avis, George. Eigner, Sylvester Elleman; I'liomas Edwvards, -Conrad Eichensayer, Geoi-ge Foltz,, Johii 1,. Fnenn, Josiah Frank, Lewis Fisbei-, Georges Fislier, Jolln Forsythe, Hintm. B. Folsom,, Jolin Griffith, William GIable, Newton GritTitti, Nicholas GeorgeG)nrlac Geis, Igrnatius Gft-oer, Simnon H. Griffith-* Irwvin Hori-ell, Chli9'itopher Hutzen, Rudolplh Hinger,. Levi Horneir, Fritaiklin Hoffman, lHenry Hartmnal, Josepli Hatmilton;'Reulben Hoffman, Thomas.Huahess 1I aae lHarris, David H1arl)aughtl W.:J; -M. ~Hallj Abralham Hufflne, John Hart, Josepbh E. Hall, John tP. Hale, Clark Hustinl, John W, Heart, Charl(,s C.,Hendersotn, Samuel Holsapple,* James Jolinson, George Jenkins~ D:avid Jenkiiis, Fletclier Johiison, J.ohn: C.'Jones, Thonias Jones, David..R. Joness Cliarles Keniiedy, Salnjul HISTORY OF. ALLEGH-ENY',COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.M. Kern, Henry -Koch, Edn-iund Korns, Willian'l Koontz Aforr am Ken-iery, Jolin Kulitis, Micliae-I Kelly, Jos6ph P. liyle. George, Xunklb, The6d(oro Kiiniiiel, Robert T: Kincaid Mich-ael- Lotzl, Joliti. Lock, Jolin Lolir, (4,eorge.Lohr Aaron Lotir, David Ltifheril Betij(inlin Luther' Finley P. Ltitliei- Sanitiel. C. Ltither, William Luther, Jolin A. Ltititer, George Ludy, 11(trris Leiiiiart, bliciiiiel Laughlin, Ainos Luther,* (1-iftrIes G,Lolir,* Aiitlioiiy Miller, John A. Tvliller, Josepti illeyer, Cont-ad Meyer, Frederick Mungen, William H. 3lowry, Miles Moran, Williani H. _McGough, rierdiiiatid Newliirk, Joseph W. Prin0e, Isitite W. Pi-iii-le, Alexande'r B. PriDgle, Jacob Pringle, Ediiiiind G. Page, Jolin Petei-soii. Elias Patil, David Rarabau_,h, Oeor-e Rarabaugh, Alekaiider Reable, Cl-iristiau S. Reaslion, Jesse Reisseberger, Joliii'Ritilc, Beiijainin Reese, Liiiie Rattagan, William R. Roberts,* Jolin Spe-ar, Jolin H. Siiiitli, Cliitries Samuel, Matthias SarCuristian Stiaffer, Joseph Skelley, Philip Sherbine, George, Shaffer,* Geoi-gf-, Tliomas, Leai-ider'Vau-ben, Jolin Voo-le, Geoi-ge Weir, Matthias Wallipim, Cotirad Wendi-ath, Henry Wi~einan, Cliaries R. Walteri Wendel Wititers, Elias Winters, Joliti J. Williams, Williiii-a H. Young B Iattery E.-Captain, Joseph Aridersoti; First Lieufenants, Eilward C. Negley, Martiii L. Bracken; Second IiieutenLtiits, William Taylor,-Henry R. Tonier; Sergeatits, Johii K. Scott IJoliti C. INIcKelvey, Coiii-ad Fix David L. 3leClititock, William Fritz,,James Gi-ace, Joliti R. Mehaffey, Timothy Harris, Samuel T. Guthrie; Corporals, Cliai'les C. Taylor, Daiiiel McMunn, W-illiam Reed, Robert IvicCracken, James Carson, George Vaii, Pool Robert Gray,.Simeon K..'Burd, George W. Coiitioi-, Levi C. Briiitoii, Johii A. Barlier, Ditiiiel House, Joliii C. Oarson, Jaiiies illiles; Privates, Albert'R. Adams, Alexan(ler Ansil, Joliti Acl.e'rman, jaiiies Biirr, Johii Barnhart, Stewart Bi-eitinieii, Josepli Bark, Edward Blair, Robert Boyci, Jolin Browi), Wiii. R. Brown. James Bradley, Williaii-i S. Bi-own, Charles Barker, Thomas Browti, Michael Cook, Joseph B. Cline, Sliartel Crow, John Cidliocker, Samuel Cai-son, Christ. Coultet-, William Crawford, Davict Criiiniiiie, Stowai-t Clttrk, Tlionias Culbertson, John Clark, Williani Casper, JoIiii Davis, James Diiiipsey, Janies Doi-telleii, Williani Douglierty, Jolili Divine, Fred. Eberliiie, James Egan, Siti-ioil A. Fait, Robert Forsythe, Andrew Fiiiii, Wni. R. Furlong, Janies A. L. Gill,-Alt'red Good, William Givin, Ricliai-d H. Gray, NVilliitm Green, Clias. C. Gray, William Ht"uston, Joliti Hunt, James Holliday, William flonimerley, Isaiah Hortier, William Hunter, Tlios. Jones, Miltoii Josentiause, Win. H. Joliiistoii, Tlioi-nas Jackson, Johii Johnston, Joliti Jitckson, Wni. Keiiiiedy,'flioiiias Ketiney, Jaiiies H. Kerr, Archibald Kentiedy, Hetiry Lane, Noah Livingstone, Moses Liviiigstone, 3ames Luker, Daniel B. Louo-hner, Corneliiis Lutz, Williaiii Lafferty, Jol-in C. Livingstone, David Lloyi], Wilsoii Mark4, Josiali illitchel, Geoi-ge W. Mackey, William Marshall, James iNfoore, James H. iay, Williain J. Martin, Joliii Moore, Henry -Moore, James Meskell, Joliti Miller, W,1liani H. Nlillvr, Mtrk Ivliiicer, Daniel F. Marsli, William D. Morrow, Thoinas 1NIiies, William Miles, Jolin S. Marsli, Cornelius McGrady, Williani 3leFad(leti, C. H. McDonald, John McPher.on, George BicCoy, David 31cClintock, Coi-tieliiis Meltityre., Frank IVIcWillianis, Williaiii McCombs, Janies McCl()skey, David McCune, David illcilliinti, Real McCoii-ibs, William C. 3icCatilly, Robert 3leNiilty, William 3lcDoiiald, Patrick McDonald, James McKeag, Jaiiies McGraily, William Naysinith, Lewis A. Nier, David Ortz, Aiiiiond Ostrander, Walker Ostrander,-William Phillips, Oliver Payne, T. R. B. Patterson, John Rankiii, William Riley, Cornelius Raver, Heni-y RoseNvell, William Roberts, Andrew Roberts6n, Htigh Scott, Henry Spilty, Hilbert P. Stiiith, Cyi-us B. Sill, Daniel Stoler, IVin. Siirvet-, San-iuel Shirbine, F. L. Sinipsoii, David. Staymates, James 11. Scott, Moses Thompson, John Traj)p, Jolin Taylor, Johii E. Yeticil, Adam Yoncil, Williain Weitzel, Lewis A. Wills, Bi-ady Wiel-, Johii Walters, Berij. F. Watson, Williai-ii Wilkins, William Wolf. " Buttei-y F-Captain, Fraiicis C. Flanigin; First Lieutenants, George Miltc-nberger, Win. 31. Hartzell; Second Lietitetiaiits, George 1NI. Kiiig, Fraiicis A. Flanegan; Sei-goitiits, Shannon Nicely, Williain Black, Saniuel Foster, Cornelius Sli(tnei-, Christian Griiiim, Jolin Gregg, Henry R. I-luiitei-, Johit Bickei-staff, Liicius R. Boyle; Corporals, liorace. Gibbonq, Titiiotliy Gowan, Ft-edei-iclr. Weigle, George Aclioi-, Jaines Frencii, William Baynon, 31ittthew -illetealf, Robei-t Fultoii, Joliti IVIeNutt, F. C. Eshbaugh, Alicli(tel Jordan, Sanitied -ivates, Joiiii Ai-tlit, -aiilc Aukerman, Robert Allen, Tliomas Alleson, 1NIcKee; Pi ir Fi Jeiinings P. Atild, Janies Alton, Samuel Albert,* John Bolton, Josliua Beightly, Oliver Blacli, Joiiii B. Barry, Hu-h Braceland, Ciii-istiztil Benyiett, John Beek, Thomas C. Best, Ephraim Wenner, Heilry Brubaker, Fritnliliti Bash, Roland Ctirtin, Isaac Couchenour, Pati-ick Carville, Joliti Crawford, William H. Campbell, Janies Crowfoot, Patrick Canipion, Itobei-t F. Dunbar David Davidson, James Duncan, David Derling, David Fultoii, Godii-iaii W. Fry, David Frew, (11yrus H. Fi-onlc, Joliii G. Fdight, James For,,:ythe, Ricliard K. Forrest, Janies G. Funl,* Patrick'Fix, Jaines Grosscope, Albert Grallam, William 11. Gould, Sainuel Gallegaii, James Galentitie, Heiii-y Herrick, James S. llaster, Soloitioti Huttoii, Bernard Horgerdon, William Iloy, Joseph flarper, David Hughes, William Hayes,,Robert IV. Ileatli, Henry Holsing, Robert Jacli, John B. Jolitiston, Jacob Ktiliiis. Jitcot) Kramer, Frederick Kauffman, Robert Kennedy, George W. Kopp, Godfrey Krapt", tniuel Lape, Isaac Little, Atigust Linton, Hezelihili Long, Joliti G. Leslie, Rob-ert Litiii, John Mitchell, Isaac Maitis, Cliarles Menough, Robert Miller, James Mallory, James Means, Joliii iNt. P. Mut-ray, Tiiomits McClelland, Jitiiies -M. McCurdy, Cilarles McArdle, George McCreary, William S..McFeely, John McAiiulty, Robert 3leCitgiii, Frank INleCoy, Joliii A. McCleary, Sitnitiel McCandless, Tiiomas McHale, William Newman, Finley M. Newland, Jolin S. Newland, Isaac Osborn, Patrick O'Donnell, Martin Y. B. Oaks, Johii O'Doniiell, Joliii Q. Ohroyler, Sainuel Owells, John Porter, Alex. H. Peoples, Jacob Price, Daniel M. Peer, Johii Penurod, Mattliew Petitico, St. Clair Ptotits, Abraham Patterson, Heii'ry Parrott, Cebury Perkins, Jose'pli Porter, James It. ltoNvland, NVilliani J. Ryan, Frank Rodgers, Josl-tua Rowan, Jaiiies Russell, Jacob Iticliey, David Reed, Edward Roberts, David 11. Rodgers,'James Stiyclur, William Speer, fleiiry Sheai-ler, Hiio-o Scott, Rieliai-d C. Sinith, David B. Soi-elic, George Slioeii, Henry Sciiiiell, Cliristian Spintig, Sam Suiiiiiierville, Jolin J. Sebring, Thomas W Shook, Jos. W. Slawson,* Xiteliell Tlioiiias, Atitoiiie Teemer, Lewis Tlioiiias, John Tillfare, Fi-ancis'M. Taylor, Joliti Thomas, Frank'Van, WilliiLin Wright, Walter Waldie, Napoleon Waters, Daniel Woolford, Juliii NVeiitzel, At-tlitir J. Wilson,'Janies W. Wliiteh(111d, William Witu-Ii Wesley Wolfe, F. J. Weaver,* Robert Youiig Joi n YoLilig Bctttery G.-Captain, Christian Ross; Fit-st Lieutenants, Cliristiaii F. Gaefke, Fi'ederick AlbreAlt: Second --Lieutenants, Frederick C. Klein, V%'m. Lonitz; Sergeant,, Win. B. Kleiii, Pliilip Kle:n,john P. Schneider, John Grein, Valeittiiie Bonheyo, Giistav Lehrseholl, Casper Fecliter, Wil'i. Woter, Geoilge Mot,)r;* Corporals, Casper Dielil, Joiiii H. Wendel, Joiiii Bolencler, Peter Bettinger, Joliii Ebei-tz, Valentine Gintling, Adam'Salzmalin, Wiii. Haniin, Jacob Husser, Johii Vielinian, Joiin Bletz, Georlle, Biselloff, J61iii Walter (Ist); -Privates, George Alstadt, Jolin Alstadt, Joliti Bonheyo, Joliti M. B,schoff, August Brittid, Henry Barchfe-ld, Peter Blocliinger, Niigust Bach, Forclinand Beistiet-, Wm. Beisiier, Frecierieli Baeder, Henry Beaver, Otto'Bernighain, Piiilip Conrad, Andi-eas Ciatis, Charles Debbor, Henry Dietz, Christian Dingler, Peter Doerr, Martin Fiedler, August Fiedler, Jacob Fie(ilei-, Jos pli Fiselier, Jolin Fishbacli, Joliii Fiiik, Jacob Gommel, Hetiry Gernert, Joliti U. Gerlacli, Martin Graff, George Herelier, Jolin P. Huebner, Henry flartitian, Alat. thias Harre, Johii fferelier, Jacob Hanim, August Haselbarth, Jacob Hastein, Charles 11alter, Pliilip Henilinger, Ludwi- Hemberger, Daniel Heinrich Fidel Hanly, Peter Hat-tz, Thomas Kintzler, Cliarles Kiss,'Win. Knabe, Charles Kltiiiip, Wiii. Keplien, Jitcob Koenig, Lewis Kiioell, Wm. Krieder, Charles Kimpel, Augtist Kornrumph, Frederick Kleiii, Augiist Koenig, Henry Kimmf-1, Jolin Leliner, Ilichael Losier, Cliarles Miller, Andreas 31ttx, George Meister, Adam Moo-, Antliolly Miller, Peter Milbert, Johii Meyer, Loreixz Tvia, es, zn icholas'Maul, Carl Maul, Reuben Miller, Henry 3taiiittz, George Muschell,.Michael Moter" Sebastian'Alay, Jolin Morian, August Noll, Leopold Och,* Frederieli Peter, 1-natius Pflun-iiii, Cxeorge Pfeiffer, Cont-ad Phiel, Peter Pfeiff.er, Ludwig Rech, R. Rienionschneider, C. Rienienschneider, Casper- Reiber, Lew'is Rose-lip, Otto Itoesing, Leopol(I Itotli, Dztvid Riebel, Frederick Rockstaed,* Henry Schm4z, Cliristopher Selio-'bartli, AulyLlSt Schulze, Valentine Smitli Pius Soder, Coitrad Smilli (lst), Johii C. Stange, Petet, -Sciiinz, Johil J, Steill, WDI. Stan'1111, Lotiis Seliell, Jolin Smith, Charles Stolies, Fabian Stelile, Conrad Snilth (2d), Wm. Stremming, Horace G. Stilitli, George C. Smitit, Jolin Sinith (2d), Ditniel G. Siiiith, Pli lip Siiiitli, Valeritine -Seo-ner, Heiiry Staley, Michael Sheptiard, Richard Sned(ien, Josepli Shaner, George F. Storie, Hai-ry Shafer, Henry Seliater, Sainael chock, Jolin ikl.. Stevenq, Wiii. Sinitli, Martin G. Stiffler, Wm. Stotigliton, George'Shirge, Jolin P. Ti-oesetiler, Charles Utz, Hetiry UniTewitter, Peter Volk, Joliii M. Weynian, Hetiry Werner, Geoi-ge WilKelm, Jolin 1-1. Werner, 3lieliael Weliner, John Witlter (2d), Philip Wirth, Jacob Weyel, Cliaries Weid, Coni-ad Welii-lein, Sebastian Zang, J. G. Ziiiinieriiian. ts, Curtis S Haveii, Robt..G. Hare.; Battei-y H.-Giptains, Augustus HaDi, Geo. W. Smith; First Lieutenan Secoii(I Lietiteiiaiits, Siti-iitiel Lawrence, Wm. B. Libb3,; Sergeants, Bi-yson Bi-uce, Win. T. Wilson, Fitzilli-.moiis Lauglilin, Thomas B. Howard, Johii M,Fiscus, William Stake; Corporals, Arcliibitld Johnson, Robert'Blartin, Jolin M. Grittiii, John W. Martill, John F. Bell, William Pugli, Lycurgus Joliiiston, Daniel Touse,,.Sanison. Taylor, Saniuel Ptigli, Clark 3leNtitt, William Wallace, Josepli F. Cook, Johii 11. Stewart, Jolin Stewart, Bei-ij. F. Morgan; Privates, Win. N. Arbackle, Williaiii Bell, Fredei-ick- C. Bagnell, Bei-iah Bagnell, -John H. Balier, James W. Boyd, Sainuel A. Bricker, J. F. Bartholomew, Williani Bryaii, Ad:,m S. Baker,'Johnston Black, Jolin J. Cunningham, Samuel Clear, William V. Cameron, Joliii Cartiegoy, William CtiiiiJaines Caughey, Ttioinas Callioun, Jonathan Chambers, -ei-t Campbell, Jolin H. Coopei-, Vincent Coriele, Edwai-d C001,18,* Wilsoll Concle,* Williani B. Davis, Thoinas Doiievan, Frederieli Diers, William H.'Daniels, Thomas Dornian, John Ecket-man, James J. Elgin, Jol-in Elgin, John T. Ewing, George F. Evans,'Williaiii Fui)khouser, William Fiscus, Jolin Finley, Jolin B. Farver, Matthew Goodmaii, William Glenn,'Jaiiies Goshoi-i, William A. Graty, Cliarles Grosmire, Watshingo ere,lert 1t A)e oen ny IC. Hart, Lewis J. Ifeidrick, Tlh(omas Hartshlorn, Willi.tiii L. Hothem-, Jo-seph J. Hiinter, H. D. Hliitchlinson, Henry Hare, Johni- Inrn,tn, Augusttis Jatckell, Robert J. Johnston, Joli1i Keiiiiedcy, HIerinanl P. KVeck, Williatm -Kirkwood, Jolin Iiisg, Jolin Kerr,* Wcallbce Luke, Satmuel Luster, Jacob MtIsser, Georl-le L. Mfiller, Seidel'3Iitcliell, S. Much,l mblei-ger, Fralllk Morrison, Michael M1iller, Robsert MIarshall, Jarnes Mirier- Williawm Mul~berger, Richatrd I ILmnall, Danliel 3Iillei-, Jo)hn MvcGeehon, Jolin G. MivcDowelli David N. 31(']Dowvell, James -McClure,,Batrney McCrea, Jatmison McCireigh, Jolin Nixon, Jolhn Niecely, William Natsh, WVilliain Notter,''Adain WV. Patrk, Johii P*ost, Joliti Ptigh, 1-iili H. Poe, Peter Potz, Lewvis Pugh, Adl Pf-,LwsR ic'Wiii. W. Roberts~on, JacobJ Rislier, William Itowe, Nicholas Stiaffer, Eli.as S. Sii-iitli, Jonathan tl Siniti, Jolin Sinith, Ditniel G. Seacriglit, Samuel Seatright,, Jolin Sh tiie, Williititi Stewa;rd, Johii MV. Stewatrd, ltobet-t Swaeney,'Ira Staufer, Conrail Salllner, Prestly Shatne,* Timothiy Sullivars, Archibald KSproiil, Sinion Ti ay, Jolhti It. Thornl"berg, Joha Thompsonl, Alex. Thoempson, Robert Tustiti, Joseph TIIompsoD, Loulis Ultz, Eli Verner, 11ol)ert. A. Vance, James M1. Wilson, Addison Wilso)n, Jolin W. Wilsoii, William WaSl r.lek, Natthalniel Wi-ight, William'Wrifflht, Janies D.'rgt ol.Wriglit, Rober lgt Nob)le Withierowv, Josepli Weichell, WDi. K. "Woods, Tliotiiits Woods, Joseph I1. Willsiiis, David R. Willliatms, Jolin Al. Walthour, At-thur Wilkiiison, F.'A. Winters, Edwardl Whit,e, Jaines Whipple, John B. Youin-f, Jatcob Zimimermatn. Battery L.(attn Jcmsa Ctk'rt Lieuteiiaiits, Jolin Potts, Joseph B. Mfiller, Second Lieutenants,'Michael Baer, Wiin. S. Wattsoii, Jolin H. Mlullin- Sergeants, John J. Miller, Hai-vey Potts, I)aiiiel B3. Singer, John CD. Stewart, Sainiuel Kuhli, Alex. Ashbautghl, Hir.am H. Bricker, Jals. B. Mc Meatns; Cor poratls, M.ltt. Byers, "J. S. Mlurphy, Samuel Bolinger, Robt. Gatrrett, 1lenrly Arnold, Lewis S. Winnall, Je sse Kiihn, Rob-t. B. McKiee, James L.- Blaclk, Jacob Watlter-, Simleon W. Jack, Witi. E. McClellatnd, Anthonly T1. Addler;* Biiglers, Jolin'Arniold, Peter Lookaba(ugh; Privates, John A. Arms'trong, James Atkinson, Ljouis Ad;am--, Jolin Aguey, Saim'l J. Artnia n, Tllos. B. Anderson, Sattiuel J, Adams, Aiitlioiiy Able, Wm. B. Atkitison, H u-ii Ii.Anderson, Johnr Adams, Jereniiah H1. Adarns, Isaac Adams, Uri.as Adams, Saniuel H. Adains, Fi edei-ick H. Adalms, Reub)en 0. Albrighlt, Thieo(lore Arnout, Henry D. Bole, Johlt Batxter, Allbert Beal, Etll anuel Bei-htley, Thlomats J. Bt-al, John Beatle, Henry 13owers, Josial;i Beal, William Beal, S.tmuel R. Bentz, Thloma.s Breeze, Johil H. Cot-rell, Jaiiies Casey, Watlter Cain]lsbell, ECdward Cramller, Julius Ci-amer, Jam.es Duncan, W\alter B. DL-iiry, Joseph Everetts, Henry ECyler, Williaiii Eslip), Johii R. Fitzgerialdl, Pattrick Gavin, Samulel A. Goiirley, Christoplier Gastner, Williami C. Gill, Allen Htimphireys, W. B. Henlderson, Cliarles Hillm;t, MlihHlr,\n.P Huggins, Geoi-ge Hagley, Johii S. Hughes, Datvid Isenilan, William Jai11isot1, Jolhn W. JoJhnston, Rob)ert Jacksoii, Jacob KQuhii, Williani Kiilkwood, Isa.ac Kuhn, A. L. Klirlgitismith, Geoi-ge Kailley, Detrichi Katllenbach, Frederick Knost, Balser Kltllenbaclh, Cyrtis Kepple, J. S. Klin-insmith, Sarrl. hlin-ritisniitlh, Ct;iarles S. Kine:stoii, Jos. Loiig (Ist), Jas. T. Lambie, Rob)ert M. Lonog, Jos. LoDg (2d), k'rank K. Myers, James Mitchiell, 229 ,aron H. Miller, Will ani J. Miller, Larimer Mitchell, Alex. B. Murphy, David T. Moorhead, Robert Tvliller Jolin B. lNloi-toil, James W. Mitcikell,* Johii iqilldollai-, Ttieo. J. _McWdliaiiis, D. K. McCullough,l). S. McCullou-Ii E. 11. McLaugnlin, HenryNass Willbim Offutt Janfes A. Pitiiiter, Eli-sha, G. Pitt, Wm. Jli.. H. Parker, Jolill Qufirley, Jacob Ruth, A.- G. P. Riteh,(''y, Sai-iiuel Ri):,S, Williiim S. Ross, Janies A. Ros-4, George Itoe, Lottis Iteic'iiard, Alex. Rowland, Peter Redfox, James T. Robertsoii, Clias. Redpath, Jame's ltoSS, WI-II. Reed, Janies ROam, David M. Ross, Atidrew Itucll'Geo. W. Rutter, Petei- Sinith, Jolin M. Sp'ielier, Robert Stroble, Hernian Stroble, James Shearer, Joseph. Scherii-ler, Jacol) Scholl, Henry Syphax, Joliii A. Shoop, C. G. F. Sii-iith, Atitliony St,, Geor-e SIM,* Christopher St'fliii, Stewart Tlioi-iipson, Sebastian Ti-ess, Paniel Varner, Jidin Wright, Williztm Walter, Jolin S. Watt, Williaiii Walsh, Nichobis Wals)i, Fi-ancis Wills,, D. 31. B. Weir, Jolin J. Wile, S loiiion Winnail, Jolin C. Watt, William Woffiiigton, Charles Wohleit), Jacob Young. B-ttlei-Y K.-II-laptain, John 31. lieiit; First Lieutenants, Cyrus L. Siiycler, William H. McClelland; Second Lieutenants, William 31. Scht-ock, John G. Fordyce; Sergeants, fleiiry F. Knepper, J. H. Autzy, Jitct)b N. Humbert, Jolinstoii I-Itisbaiid, Jolin M. Wiley, Cyt-tis B. Moore, Harrison Pettit, Alplielis Myres; Corpot-als, Jaiiies M. Scott, Samuel S. Reese, Jotiatlian Sorl)er, J. J. lt. Mellinger, Jei-enlitih A. Miller, S.1as A. Will, Aaron J. 31iller, Cliaries 11. l'ohi-, Janies L. Pugli, Cyriis A. YoNN71tir Josima Beeler; Private.4' Isaac Alltiiii, Ediiiiiiid Andersoii, Saititiel Aiikeny, Jolin Ackei-iiian, Joliii W. Bartley, Williiii-ii J. Baitley, Nicliolas BLii-liey, Jacob S. Beal, Sainuel Bearl, Jolin H. Bi,bing, Thomas B,sbing, Frankliii Black, Peter Brubaker, Jonathan Brendel, Fi-aiililiii Braiit, Mulford Burrouglis, Williaiii Betz, Robet-t _TNI. Beard, Michael F. Beiir, Jol-fti Blantz, Josepli Bi-eckel, Abraliaiii Beai-, James Bagley, D. 0. Batikston, Sainuel D. Colter, Ilir;in-i ff. Crouch, Williani Caldwell, Johii ("ag-e, Peter Citge, ElijLh COrpening, Johii Clayconib, Levi Cook,Jolin Colenian, JoIiii P. Crissey, Jesse Crichfield, Rii(iolpli Ctilip' Edward Cook-,* Jeronie, Dicki,y, Eplii-aiiii Dickey, Josiali Diiple, Levi 11. ID6estex,I)aniel S. Duke, Iletiry Engel, Martin Eckman, Michael Foy, Isaac Fi-ieclliiie, Joliri Friedliiie, David. B. Friedline, Speiicer B. Fry, Tiioiiiiis Fry, James J. Freeland, Jacob N. Fry, Pllilil) Frankfort, Het'iry Fetter, 0. E. Folkemer, Jacob Feidler, Geoi-ge W. Fei(Ilei-, Elijah D. Flick,* Willian-i Gat-dner, 31. -M. Guetts, Jacob Guetts, Natlianiel Ilammer.s, A'. flendershot, IVilliai-ii Hai-pei-, Charles Ilinemeyer, Rndoll,li Hoover, 31. D., 1-lumbert jonas'llutzall David Hendershot, Williani HartillaD, AN'illiai-n J. Jones, David F. Kii.iiinell, Sluou lilink, Silas N. Klingainon, Jltcob Koontz, Frederick Kooiitz, Jeremiah lioontz Isaac Koontz,:i, George W. Iiilleii, Joliii Kearticy, LeNN-is Laitibert, Jonathan Lambert, Elijiiii I"iviiigood, Archibald Livingood, Thon-1psoil Ling, Georgo AV. Ling, Pearson, Lohr, William H. Lohi-, Aiistin Lolir, Cliarlt-s A. Lewis, PoLer Lape,* Ltivi Mano-us, Adam Maust, Joseph J. Mason, Lewis Mellinger, Henry Myers, Daiiiel 1). 1NIiIIel-, Tlieoclot-e J. Miller, Abralian). lNliller, James A. Moi-i-ow, Francis P. Miller,* Robert 31CClung, I-liram D. McCoy, Gabriel Neff, Philip Niliarte, AUner J. Patton, Jolin E. Pile, Jos'ah W. Pile, Bi-andon Portor, JoIin Portet-, Booz F. Ptigli, Joliti W. Ringler, Jolin lloel, Franklin. Hiissell, Geot-ge Seelilei-, Levi Sliallis, John Shull, Williaiii Sliull, John Sijank, George W. Shaffer, William Shaffer, Samuel fl. Shaffer, fleiiry Sipe, George M. Slieli. James W. R. Sinally, ltoss K. Stiyder, Johii B. Sl)rber, Waltei- Sorber, Franklin Specht, Williaiii Shuch, Eli Shuck, Ananias Spanger,* John K. Tedrow, -M. L. Tlioiiriliurst, Josepli H. Vore, Daniel B. Wayland, Johii Wogner, David IVeavet-, William Whet-stone, Albei-t Willianisou, Jolin Wilt, Joliii L. Woy, Zactiai-iah Yoder, John lt. Zufall. BatteryL. Cal)tiiii,,JosepliB.Zei-ler;l"ii,stLieutenatits,Williaii1E.SteNvart,David B. Ferguson; Secon(I LieuteiiiLnts, Jolin N. Zeigler, St. Clair Deniiy; Sergeants, lleter W. Reid, Jitmes Wllitfield, Joliii Shepard, Johii W. Jones, Joliti W. Rob(-rt.;, Janies Cliiie, William lienry, Benjamin Keck; Corporals, D. Aughinbaugh, Samuel Craig, Jolxii J. Davis, Frederick Tyliiirst, Jolin Friend, Wilsoti Cole, John Drake, Joiiii Andrews William Lewis, Jacob Ileisel, George Mantz, James 11. Davis; llrivittes, Geol-ge Able, Joliii Artei's, John Aekerman, Sylvestc-r Alwiiie, Benjamin Adams, Heiii-y C. Andrews, Jacob Ainnian, Peter Bi-owii, Daniel Backliert, Thojiias Borard, Willi;iiii 1-1. Beecli, Jacot) Beek, John Boylc-, Diivid Bowers, Pliilip Broniar, Fre(lerick -Bowers, Henr3- Clarke, David Clai-lie, ARdn Cliristie, Cassitis Campbell, George Crai-, Jos(-ph Donnell, WilLiam Davis, Geoi-ge Drake, George W. Do.wns, Williani Devliti, Joliti Eicliley, Jacob A. Eislet-, Hent-y Eberts, Thon-tas R. Faucett, Jacob Fitbei-, Andrew Fislier, Peter E. Fistier, Josepti Fislier, Joliii Furst, Adaiii Fouster, Ignatz Foo-le, James Fry, Joseph Goetler, Williani W. Gardhier, James Golaber, Jacob Grible, Jolin Grible, Jolin Gistner, William Gordon, Adain Ilatin, Johii G. Hiiber, Tlioii-ias INI. Hurott, Gottleib Harr, Josepli Hayes, William flarper, Nicholas Henning, Joliti Hartman, 3lichael G. flartner, Alpli. Ileniphling, George W. I-less, David S. liaiiitiiei-, Adam Hamburger, Geoi-go Ilicliey, Robert G. Hare, George Ingrahim, Aniazinh Jarrett, Jolin Jones, Williaiii A. Jewart, Adain Jae, Robei-t Jaclisoii, Geoi-ge 1-1. Jewart, Joiiii E. Joties, Fre(loi-ick G. Kliiie, Joliii Kosei-, Adai-ii Krause, Joseph Kisisinger, Martin, Ki-ei(ler, Jerem'ah Kaifrotli, George Koechler, James Kelley, Milo Lutton, Henry Leib, Dav.'d Letitz, Fritneis Miller, Bernard Miller, Perry llgnatz Miller, Joliii Tvlelder, LeNviS 31itDclerocle, Jacob 31ocliel, Cliristopher Alarrion, William Martin, Josepli D. Matliews, Janies A. Moore, Hirani 3licliael, Isaac McQuade, JoIiii McKenim, Robert McElhativy, Henry L. McLean, Doniinick McGuire, llobei-t 1VIcAvoy, Williatil 11. McClelland, JoIin McClurgh,:'iCharles Nicliolson, Geoi-ge Newinyer, Stephen G. Nelsoti, Artliur Nott, James P. Oldliaiii, Jacob Plfet-, Eii-iil Pifer, Jos(ph Pifer, Tlioiiias Purcell, Betijitiiiiii Pritchard, David Pi-ice, Jaiiies Page, Joliii L. Pennock, William Qiiigg, Joliii Quigg, Cliarles Roeliling, liewis Roebley, Johit Rosentlial, David Rowlaiicts, Valentine Reclitor,* Frederick Itobb, Jacob Sciitliiiger, Jacob Specht, Edward Sullivan, Le-wis Seiler, Anthony Striley, Joliii Sliiltei-Iiiie, Lowry Sotires, Geoi-go Seliultz, Jolin Sti-iclcle, Jolin Sodders, Olivei, 0. Shanhan, Caleb Sodders, John Satiliey, Joliti Selietick, Israel B. Sallade, William T. Stevensot), Andrew Strans,* Jared Saiiiple, Josepl) Ti-esslei-, Peter Test, Aiidrew Yertier, Isritel IVN'alter, Lai-enzo Welser, Tlioii-ias Workmaii, James Witirose, Ailtilotly Wtiole, William T. Wliitinore, Eclward T. Wliitniore, Tilomas Whaloll, Jacob Zellig. Battery X.-Captain, John E. Alward; Fii-st Lietitetiaiits, Atkinson H. Sellers, Albert C. Pontins;. Second, Lieutenants, Cliiis. G. Bai-clay, Wm. W. Bariiett; Sergeaiits, J. A. Stevenson, Petet- Stoclidill, 31iles Beatty, Joseph W. Ti-aves, Wili. McCaiitw, George W. TilOMI)SOD, Pattcrson Ri-ver, Jas. Stivensoii, Wiii. T. Gleiin;* Corporals, Andrew 11. Sheisley, Barton Guthrie, Chas. F. Morgan, Jolin 0. Delancey, Alex. Bi-owiie, Alex..George, Elijah W. 31artiti, Jiio. Stoops, Jno. Bi-owiie, Ai-chibald Hemphill, Jiio. W. 3loi-row, B. W. Blanchard; Privates, Nelson C. Arnold, Eli J. Artman, Tlios. M. Allen, Ephmim A. Adams, Samuel Ayers, Saiiiuel W. Beatty, Geo. L. Blose, Henry Beer, Win. Blain, Wni. M. Blaiii, Titos. D. Buzzard, Petet- Beeli, San-luel W. -Bruner, Heiiry H. Burlict, Ttios. C. Byers, Robert A. Barr, S'tmon D. Browi), Geo. W. Brown, Wiii. J. Bi-owri, Samuel Brown, Jacob Buzzard,* Heny Brown,* Sai-niiel Clark, Ephraim 14'. Coft'i-iian Wm. Coleman, Daniel -L. Colenan, lVm. Carsoii, Andt-ew Carsoti, Joliti E. Diininilre, Piiilip Dunmire, Isa,,tc Dunmire, Jacob B. Darb,aker,'1: I-Ii-igli Elgin, Jeremiah Elgiii, Sainuel Ecency, Samuel J. El-iii, Geo. W. Fry, Joliii Fiiik, Jas. R. Flen-imin-,* Jacot) George, Peter George, Philip George, Josiali George, John Gould, Wn-1.'R. Gi-ay, Aii(Irew Hardy, David B. Hankinian, J-din Hartnian, Wni. Harti-irm, Henry Haliniaii, Philip Hawli, A. Klingensinith,S. Klitigeiisinith, Witi. J. Kelly, Aijtlioiiy H. Ketiiiarct, John J. Kral, Johii G. Kliiie, Sani'l Keiily, Jos. Low, -Abr. Lt-ssig, Jos. 3latliiet, Wm. M. 3lock, David Aloyer, Sam. Metzler,'Sam. Mansfield, Jas. R. Moore, Sani. R.:Moore, NViii. A. 3loi-row, David L. Marsliall, Jas. A. Mikesell,* Robert MeCruin, Geo. W. McConnell, Jos. MeKee, John A. 3leElroy, Tlios. D. MCC01giD, Jas. 1VIeGreggor, Robert McFarlaiid, IV. W. McCracken, John W. -McElfresh, Peter McCatina, Jos. McAllister,* Matthew Nelsoii, Austin Pierce, Jolin L. Pitt, Jas. H. Patrick, Tijos. Pattei-soii, Fi-aticis Powell, Ed. G. Ruirimell, Jacob Robt), Ttios. K. Robb, Oliver G. Reynolds, Alex. Ros-borotigli, Jas. Robinsoti, Petor Shevelin, Jacob G. Sow(lers, John Siiik, Felix Slioff, Ilei-ii-y L. Shaaf, Jacob Shoeniiker, Jolin Slireitlei-, Hetiry Schlabach, John B. Sliaffer, Christ. Sliaffei-, Jacob Sell, Joliti B. Sowers, Matthew Stanford, Jacot) Selioll, Jolin C. Stewart, Jolin A. Stewart, Johti Silvis, Soloiiion D. Silvis, Johi-i C. Stiff'ey, Isaac Sechrist, flenry Segar, E. Z. Schrecen-ost, Tlios. Sttirgeoii, Henry S,nirners,* Jolin Slieridan, Heni-y Trolinger, Nathan G. C. Turnei-, Isaac Unistead, Was1iington Usner, John Witters, Samuel Weelitei-, Clarlr. Wittson, Wiii. H. IVeavoi-, Adiium R. Wolf, Jas. W. Watterson, Wiii. Witi-ehaiii, Jas. Wadding, Adam Wagle, Alex. Yi-tles, Cyriis Lt. Youiig, Reuben Yeakle, Ressiiiger Yount, Levi K. Young, George K. Young, Jas. Zell, Joliii It. Zwalley. ates, Aaron olin Arnold, 3lulford Unassig')ied 31en.Priv, Agans, J unons, Jolin Boyd Jas. Barrett, Johii Breman, Jolin Bell, Jas. IC. P. Baritig, Frederick Ci-oss, Jolin Crane, Adam W. Clark, Wjil. Cook, Jonathan Claycomb, Morris Ctirran, Fi-ederick Claie, Sidney Calctwell, Jas. H. Clay, Edward Cotiley. Clias. Cobb, Antoine -Derner, Robei-t Dodge, Thos. Dickey, Win. Elliingtoti, Johii Ebbert, Joliii Etiglish, Joliti Fullerton, Micilael J. iFoss, 1-feriiiaii Fisli, Johii S. Fid(Ilei-, Johii Falsh, Henry A. F. Fislier, Jas.,D. Gray, Ira Grey, Felix Gorillan, I-leiiry L. Grace, Tlios. J. Itayes, Daiiiel Heiiry, Jolii-i Heintzelniaii, Geo. Hazell, Geo. Hendrick, Winfield S. I-larvey, Thos. F. Johiistoii, Andrew J. Jacobs, Wiii. J. Jacobs, Patrick Keelis, Tlios. Killiiigei-, I)avid Law, David B. Lerene, Geo. Lauderbach, Rob't Larden, Wiii. Lynch, Fre(i. Tvleenzer, Ttios. Miller, Abi-aham 31iller, David Marti, Alex. Alay, Daniel 3lylieits, Jas. A. Maliaffey, Johil H. Mori-ison, Washirigtoti S. 31aple, Martill 31iller, Jas, Al. Morris, Adam N. 31orris, Jolin 3leGuire, Robert IVIcKe-i'lien, Wni. 3leGill, Tlios. H. 3leAlvain, -Samuel R. 3lcCall, Jolin McNalley, Oweil TvIcLaugiiliii, IsaAc Overdorf, Wii-i. Oakley, Hetiry Pottiiiger, Geo. Robert, Jas. Itoney, Lewis Ribley, Johii G. lteece, Jacob L. Reece, Robert Shiffle, Geo. W. Sinitli, Wni. Sniith,'Joliii Suttar, Peter Seib, A. McL. Tlioiiipson, Edward Wilsori, Goo. Wauze, Geo. Woods, Sebastian. Wise, Andrew S. Webstei-, Wm. White, Geo. Westlake. INDEPENDENT BATTERY C (THO)IPSON'S). -C aptain, J.imes Thompson; First Lieutenants, JoJhn P. Barry, James Stevenson, Rob)ert C. Hazlett, Th-omas -Brownv, Fratncis Eichlellberger, James Alitchell - Second Lieutetiatilts, Adam J. Longsdorf, Jaimes L. McRlee,'William. ll. Brllcee- Ser geanlts, Willi.tm J. Sloan), John T. Adams, Robjert McClelland, Joseph)l II. Dye, W. L. B. -Colklessor, Jaines A. Logantl, Walter T. Y)lurig, John Brown, Jerenmilh Swisshtelm, Hllglh G. Tl,ompson, ltobertR. AIcGiiire, Ew\inlg Mtitchell, Richai-d P.treel, Ly(;urgtis Rainlsey, George BtICk, Williami J. Cooper, RobJlert H1. (jooper, Tlhomats Har(lesty, James L. Noali; -Corpoi-als, Willi.tm T. Coss, George W. Eiiiiis, C. B. -Inlglvs, Mar1cus Mv(ortori, S tnford D). lL;tmey, Rob)ert D. Liiidsay, Nicliolas W. Clatrk, Robert L. Br yan, Saryiuel,B. Iteami, Siimuel W. S;ltite, Franlk BAlles, Joseph F. Stark, Jlliles B. Porter, Jatmes Crlooks, Joiin IVI. Star-k, Williaiii J. Adair, Saiiiuel Boolkman, Wiltian-i Deniiisoti, Da(vid Herb)ert, William Ttirpin, Johii J. Swveesy, w. C. Siiitjmei-ville; Mlusiciatn, Romaiius Manlgold; Artificers, Abar.tlian J. Wealver, Georgfe W. Chalse, AMichatel. M. Keller; Pi-ivates, Jacob Avey, Jitmes Andei-soii, David L. Aiiday, Joseph Ager, Jalcob AlteiTheodlore Arnoiit, John Adams, Jei-emiah H. Adanis, fsaacl Adamns, Frederick H. Ailams, Urias AdaimB SaiiiueBl ff. Ada.ms, Retibeii 0. Albri-,ht, Georo,e Blooiii, Aimtziah H4. B-almer, Chai-les Blackmiore, Josephl K. BI'owtI, Jolhn 1-1. l3atey, Fredlerick Bowmal.n, James Balird, Willi;Ani Bairdl Daniel Byers, Sanitiel Rt. Beiitz,'Williain Betz, Robei-t M. Beard, Miclitel F. Bear, Johri Blantz, Ab)rahamn Bear-, Thomats Breeze, Josephl.Breckel, C)larles M.-Brittly,* Thomas C. Bowmanl, Petet- Basque, Ja:cob Bowliiiger, William Bi-annon, Joslitia; Bair. WVilliam H. Berger, Willi;im. Chamb)ers,, Cassius Al. Cook,. John Corey, Willitm S. Cooper, Saniuel Catlhoun, Daniel Colklessor, William Chase, Martiii Clhase, Nicliolas W. Clarlk, Johii W. Chilson, ~Johnl D. CSouch, Edwvard C,81alller, Julius Cramer, Sanfluel. 1). Cotilter, Hirain H. Crouclh, Walter Calmpb)ell, David Chalse,*William C-(.t Clark, Jol)li Calnon, Johlt Clark,, Jeremiah Ctisard, Patriek D(iff;y, Henry -Davis, Heiii-y Dunla:p, Robei-t Dalvi(Ison, Heni-y 1-H. I)oyle, Satilliel Dennlimr, Williamr Diiiixiond,:Eli- Dull, Johni Deicllley., G;eorge Dei}liley5 Williant l)tiboice, Joseppl l)uple, -Levi-RH. Doester, -I);uliel S. tike, HIixan. Delxlmny Allidrew EbJert, Jefferson E'diiioti(ls, Hetiry EDllgle, Mart-in Eckmaii, Cliarles Fogle, Benejamlin F. Finly, Atidrew Fr ederick, Williami D. Fr iso)ee, Jacob Frazee, Isaac Feigley, Jacob kl. Fry, Piliilip F rankhfort, Heiii y lFetter, Oliver E. Folckeniler, 1Moses L. Goo(], John W. Grow, Joel Gatrver, Alexr. 1). Gibson, Wash. G/)rdoii, Jabjez Grifitlths, Patrick Gormaln, Harman Gebliart, Johli G.trdtier, Thomals Glennon, Michatel M. Guetts, Jacob Gueits, Aindrew J. (3raves, Williami Godlfrey, Johii Golian, James Hltlrley, Jitmes Hart, Tiiomas Ilolwaget-, Jolii-i Hazlett, Geot-ge Hoffei't,'Thomals Hill, Jacob Houggy, Thomats Hiiijtei-, Stephen C:. Hatrris, Joseph Henllp)hill, G;eorge W. Hlessi, A(laml Hamb)lirger, George Hicliey, Daiiiel S. Hammnller, Jolin S. l1ughles, Heiiry lleri,*Pttrick Herbert,* Thiomas Hendersoi),* Heni-y Hancoch~, Ablbott Haas, JohlliHerlry, Alt)ertW W. Halll, A~lexanlder Johiistoii, George Jackc, Williaiii Jeijkins, Rob)ert Kelley, William Kiiig, Jame s Kr)apton, Joliii Kannan, Josepli Kissinger, Jeremiah Kaifroth, Mvartin Kreider, George Koechiler, David H. Lindsay, HISTORY,-OF ALLEGHEXY COUNTY, PEXXSY.LVA.XIA.d2j 3 0 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Peter Low, Jo;;eph B. L-ttnbin-, John 11. Lowis, Jolin Liitz, Anclrew Lon-, James Link, Absalom Link Thom!ts McCue, John McCracken, Sarnuel MeAtee, Janies XcGowan, George McBride, Jolin Z, Z, MeLease, S:tnviel F. Latic,, Samuel Lincidn, Sainuel Leachey, R)bert B. TIlloore, Jolin Alonroo,, lletet, Myers, Lemu, eI Jos. ff. McConnell,* Robert McDade, Thomas Neely, Geoi-ge Noble, ff irain iNeely, A. Williain NeNvmitn, Miller, Lo,,an Maiiis, 31.)ses 3tiller, Viiieetit 31.1ligan, Geor-,,-e Altish:-ush, Jolin 3fixttire, JoIlri 31:1-rshall, Williani 1. Nevin,* Ash,3r K. Nicely, Jame O'Connu-i-, Frank O'N-al, Fre(l. A. Parlcer, Am,)s S. Peti-ie Tiriio)tliy Miirphy, Janies Miller, D. N. Alinem4n-er, Tiiomas B. Moore, Joseph D. Mathews, flit-ain Michael, Johii Pierce, Williati-i PoNvors, fltigli Ptirdy,lfl Jamf-s Percy, Orlaiido Pi-itcliard, Casper Plecliter, Williani z' David Ramsay, Tobias Risser, Itobert C. Rti Jolin Miglit, James A. Moore, I-lenry W. Matliew-;,* Jolin Moore, Wiii. McLaul-hiiii, James C. 31cNaughton, Price, Tiionias Qtiartz, Jacob Rosetisteel, John S. Rodgers, sh,'NN'illiaiii MoCalleti, James McCoy, Johii McKeown, Janies D. McLaughlin, Jolin IVIeClellan, Isaac McQuate, Robert W. Row, Ailam Rath,* Joseph Reed, Jolin T. Rowley, John Siililey, Johli Sin.th, Jonas Sti-iith, TAlile Robert MeAvoy, James P. McCheron, Michael McGliti, Henry 3leElliatiey, Alonzo Alc(lonihs, Michael B. Stewart, James R. Stock, Edward V. Slye, Jaiiies A. Stewart, John G. Simpion, Josepli L. Stnith, Geor-e McFarland, Pati-ick McGuire, John McCardel, [jeeper Niinbow, William Natiman, Henry North, Fre(lerick B. Sons) John Sharer, Georwe Shruin, Geoi-ge Stanun, Williain Scott, Charles Simon, Jacob Swager Willialn, Nichols, Jolin C. Nel,4on, Steph(in G. Zlson, Ai-thtir Nott, Wiiiiam Nash, Geor(rc- H. 01(lham, Edward R.'sears, Milo B. Steward,'Thomas Sliuler, Johii Slatterley, Jan-u_,s Stackhouse,* William A. TLII'net- Heiiry O'Donnell, James P. Oldham, Daniel J. O'Brien, John Pealer, Adai-ii Pflefei-, Geoi-ge Peniiin-toti, Joliti L, G. Till, Joieph S. Taylor, George W. Toese, Jaines D. Teese, Joliri Tetlev, Williain Up-rilft, James Vanzarit, Pentiock, Jolin Qiflgley, Jolin Qiiiiin, John Ragan, Daniel Rtip(-,rt, Joseph Rodenhaugh, Thomas Rf)ckwell, Arriol(i Vorpe, Etigene Vorpe, George Ventress, L. Halsey Williams Jacob G. Wills, Alai-ion IVielcline, At-idrew Frecleriuk Robb. Jacob B-iith, Alexander Rosborou-h James Robinson, George W. Rtitter, Johii Rassler,* Wright, John Wallcer, Frank H. Williams, Joh-i C. Watt, lienry Wyant, Alexander Watson, Peter Walbeclr, Johii Retti-, William Rictiards, Ileni-y C. Iteem, Jacol; Soles, Williani Sample, Jacob Shtill, Philip Sadler, Ditvid 31. WielKline, Joseph WiLde, William C. Wa-ner, MUilon, lValker, B. Fritjtk. WeyrnAn, Lemuel Wilcox Siiiioti Shoiip, Linley Sproiit, Samtie-I Soles, John S-motis, Josepli C. Stitt, Johii Sarver, Thomas Sitiitti, Andrew Wriglit, John Weiber, - Wiglin-, James iNI. Wickline, William Warnock, Valetititte A. Wise, John Beiijamin F. Smithers, Fordinar)(1 Smitli, Steplieti St-telihoiise, H. Schlegeln-iilch, WilliaiTi Steward, Samuol Weber,* Williaiii Youtig, Henry Yotitig, John Yotin,-. Stoiiffei-, Piiilip Struhle, Joshua F. Snook, Jolin H. Seiple, Peter Shearer, Joliri Sullivan, Joseph Simpson, INDEPENDENT BATTERY G-(YOUNG'S). Peter Stiovel in, Jacob G. Sowders. JoIin Sink, Felix Slioff, I-Ieiiry L. Sh;tar, Jacob Shoeinaker, John Shi-eitter, Henry Sclilabach, Joseph Shawley,* Jolin Sliitikle, Abraham Stautter, Williai-n Smith. John Shitjip, Nathan Captain, John Jay Young; First Lieiitenants, Alfred Kerr, Sr., George W. Ahl, Jr., J. G. McConnell, Jr., G. C. Tiirner, John P. Tlionipsoii, Washirip-tori LTstier, Jaiiies H. Vanherst, Hetiry H. Wike, James AValkei- Secon(I Lieutenants, Josepii C. Yotin-, Williaii-i Hall,,Sr., Henry Warner, Jr.; Sergeants, Thomas P. Henderz- Z!, sliop Jolin Weaver, Jaines Woidslayer, Siiiioii S. WeA, J nathan R. Wilson, William Williams, Jolin Witters, son, Edwin F. Wliitrriore, flenry A. Smith, Robert fl. Lewis, If arman L. Young, Georgc- 31. i-vlitler, Bi I luskey, Jolin S. Black, Abrith Sanitiel Wechter, Clark Watson, George Weaver,* John D. Wlshart,* Barney Whitfiey, James J' Wilsort, CL'IIMI'illel AVititer C'iess, Tiios. 31. Todd, John 0. Wilsoti, Samiiet C. IvIec ain G. A(],,,tm Yoting, Jaines Young, John Youngfresli, Oyrus H. Young, Reuben Yeakel, Jackson Young, Jacob Nvolf, Geor_,e Blinkliorn Jas. R. Clarlc; Corpoyals, J. G. Catinin-liam, Jolin H. Newland, Charles 31. Hays, Ziiiiiiieriiiaii, Johii R. Zwalley. Jas. R. Gemmill, Ancli-ew H. Bryce, E. M. Cockley, Henry Dell, Gustavus L. Shale, Janies MCC01-Mick, Jas. ol Neil, Goor-e CroolKs, George Bell, Ho-nry V. Speers, Robert A. Young;* Artjtic3rs Louis N. Guiiin, Thos. INDEPENDENT BATTERY E (KNAP'S). Z, M. Menoli(ir; Privates, Levi S. Ayres, Williani H. Able, Jainei Atiltmall, Etizts F. Anderson, Daniel Byrne Captains, Josepli M. Knap, Charles A. Atwell,* James D. MeGill, Thomas S. Sloan; First Lieutenants, William J. Bwley, Adam Beail, Amos H. Bower, Joseph W. Boyd, R. W. Brockunier, James 13tieliley, NVm' Cle?nent Tingley, Jr., Edward R. Geary,* Jai-i-ies A. Dunlevy, Adain Shaw, Wi-ii. R. Stokes; Secon(I Lieliteilants, H. Btirke, Elias L. Binckley, Geot-ge 31. D. Boles, Thos. Boyle, Aiithony B. Boggs, Joeph P. Bi-yant, 7 George S. W. 31cCl()skey, Edward llamm:uin; Sergewits, Davi(i Nichol, Frederick Volk, George Harlan, Thoii-ias B. Beplei-, Johii If. Buchanan, A. A. Buckwalter, Johri Brealcit-on, Henry.J. Bailey, Robert 31. Billger,* Andrew IVIot-f-an, Richard I-lenry, Wni. P. Abvell, Wiii. H. Wall, Win. T. Haverstoek,, Wm. Cowell, Wiii. Iiiiiiter, Bjycc-, Pittrielc Brezell, Williani CalhoTin, Jolin Cainpbell, Terrence Campbell, Ross Catinin- joshutt W. Carr,' Caspet- S. Blyei-s Thonvis F. Oliver, Louis Ruty, John R. Stillivan, James B. Hazlett,* James S. Kane,* Will. Harvey B. Cliess, Jas. E. Cole, Jas. Conwa, Win. W. Cotteli, Thos. R. Crooks, Will. Clinningliam, Wm. y Lac Edgar, George J. Wallcei-, Jimies Hannan Oliver Beatty, Aaroii T. Meeklin, William B. Cainphell, Wm. H. Carnes Amos B. Carter, Charles Citrter, Henry Champ, Francis C. Cotie, Patriclr, Conroy, R. Robillsoll 11 I R,)wland, Thomas Mawliinnv, Pi-estoii B. Schriver -, Corporals, Michael S. O'Brieti, James C. Coelit-ane, Joseph Jolin C. T. Cos,,rove, Williain Cox, Edward Coyle, William Crtil 1, Abrahan-i Ci-oner, Jas. Crosson, Jol-in CliainRobinson,Anson Williams, dorneliii-s J. Brown, Charles Middleton, James P. Stewart- Bii(rlers,James Allison, bers, Robert M. Cargo, D. W. D-Itvidsoti, Josepli Dou-lass, Win. H. Dann" John 11. Daman, Wm. Daniels, Nicliolas Falter, Robert R. Kelley, Abrahain McCray; Artificers, Win. G. Anderson (lst), John Datigherty, Thos. Duclworth, Sylvester W. Doiiley, John Dtitch, Jas. 31. Eccles, Win. Erwin, Wm. S. Ewitig, Jas. Eicher, Geor-e Briggs;* Privates, David AilKeii, Henry Atwell, Nelson Ander,;on, Wm.,H. And.erson, Wm. H. Andersoji Jolin Eiclier, Levi Eldridge, We-sley R. Ellis, Adam Epiti-er, Abraham Faust, John Fitz,,Imnions Geoi-ge A 7 det-ick (2d), Henry Acliermaii, Jaiiies Atwell, Arnbro,;e S. Adlor,* Tlic-odore A tiner, IVilli-im Avery, William A. Baxry, Flen-iiii-, Robert A. Ferguson, Rtidolpli Frilcei-, David Finney, Sanfor(I H. Ferree, Jacob S.'Fre Geor-e B;trtle, Wi-ii. M. Bitl(iwin, Geot-ge A. B irrv, Fredericl%.. BeclKett, George Bowers, Wm. IVI. Black, Wiii. Patrick Fitzpatrick, Jas. 31. Giles, Jw. H. Glass, Harry Gosset-, Walter G. Grahai aiii, Jas. M. BroolKs, flutelinian Boyles, Geot-ge. Bassal, John Bonshire Joseph H. Ballard, Oliver Briei, Matthias Burk, Griffith, David R. Gardner, Jas. W. Gillespie, Peter Goodmtn, John L. Grant, Jas. S. Grerg- Coiirad G I'll ross, William Bor(len, Albei-t Bishop, Robert Baxter' Cliartes K. Bi-iiee, Jollii Beatty, Wiii. C. Browit, James Boyd Htigit McGlass, J;is. Griffith,* Henry 3.1. Graham,* Luther L. Haas, W,--tlter S. Hall, Alex. J. Hamilton, Wiii. Edward Boyle, Williani Brandreth, Joseph B Ilington, Albert Bussey, Napoleoii Brano, Chakes Bor 11 Hardwieli,.Jas. W. Hazlett, Robert S. Hen-iitip, Wni. 11. Herr, David HoNvell, W. B. Humphreys, Jolin HolGeorg,- Bell, Richard A. Bztllieti, Jolin H. Baker, HiriLni Beal, Thomas Boylaii, Washington Chri'sty, Robert siii-er, Jo-ioph Henry, Thos. W. Hodiling, Philip. Henry, Marshall R. Hobb-9, T. L. Hughey, Friiiili: AV. May, C,)rnelius, Dennis Ci-onan Robei't Coi-ns, Aritliony Coiistaiitiiie, Levi Critiiip, Samuel Cowley, Williaiii R. R. L. Baker Hill, Alfred S. Hamilton, Joliii W. Ing-rain, Morgan Jenkins, George W. Joliiiston, Jas. S. JohnCanham, Enocli Cox, Jol-iii Ctirrati, William Carson, David Carl, Williain B. Coats,,James Gtinpbefl, Alfred ston, Thos. G. Jones, Joseph E. Keil, Matthew Keiinecty, Robert Kyle Floreiiee Leibrick, Robert Litidsey, Clark, Johii Crart, Samuel Clark, James Clair, 31;tgnus J. Collins, Peter Cowell, Sainuel C. Clark, David JoIin Lorentz, Paul L!tmbert, Ricliar(i V. Linn, Heiii-y Lear, Ifeiiry Leadbeater, Philip J. Magnus, Louis Conley,* George Covloy, George B. Copeland, Heiiry S. Campbell, Martin Cocoye George, W. Clark Peter Marchand, Wm. J. TNIerrimati, George Morgan, Johii N. 3loyei-, David Alartin Robert E. Mei-cei, Joseph Conway, Wni. K. Carr, Wtii. B. Caiti, Georg, Cook' Charles Doi-ney, Peter Dorney, Wiii. 11. DeWitt, Ai-cliibald Milnor, Jas. L. Manyard,-i- Jas. 11. McCabe, Witi. McClaren, Alat. 11. 3loOlusIKey, Ja.s. F. McConnell, Robert Dielison, Joliii Drew, Saiijuel Dunbar, Matthew 11. Davis, James C. Davis, Samuel W. Davis, Evan D. Davis, McCord, Betij. N. McCorniielc, L. C. McCormick, Htigh.11cConnick, Win. L. McCormick, Ilanipton 3lcCi-eary' Isaac L. Dickinson, Williaii-i Douglas!4, Mattliew Donalitie, Pitti-ick Donahue, Charles Dorman, Peter F. Don- John,.C. McCutcheon, Johii _McDonald, Witi. 3leDoivell, John S. McMillen Hugh 3leMyers, Geo. W. McPher ahuo,* Andreas Dall, Joseph Dav Wdli, -o 3leCtirie, Joliii C. TIL,31unri, Hart is, am Drext(-r, William Duiican, George K. Edwards, Gottleib Ecliei-t son, Isaac iVI. 3lePliet-son, It. H. McPhei-son, Robert UcPlierson, Jaelfsoll MeWilliitnis, Jas. L. McLellandl EdNvin Evans, Frederick Edward, Daiiiel Fessler, Jolin E. Fairman, Harrison Fieritig, 3.1artin Fierill-, Nor' FX. McCoiinell, Thoo(loi nit eff, Win. J. Nichols, Geo. H. Nictiols, Jolin nian Fustin, Geo. FrieschlJohn H. Falconer, Thomas Piorsvtli, Thornas Fox, Joshua Fieltwell, Ifeiiry Gillan, Noall, George Neel(,y,* JoIiti Octis, Win. F. Paddock, Gilbert A. Pendleton, Daniel W. Peppers, John 31. Tliomas G"Ibert, Gilman C. Gi-ey, Win. fl. Gibsoti, Alexamler Gibson, Augtist Gotheir, James Gu,-, William Pliillip,4, Saintiel Pliillips, Edward H. PI-iinket, Albert Portser, I-letiry Potli, Wiii. Qtiirin, W. W. Randolph, Gaffney, Jereiniah GILint, John Grine, rtobert 11. Grtibb, Jolit-i F. Gallon, Hetiry Glen n, Wi-ii. J. Graham, Wni. Johil Reid, Andrew J. Rapp, Fre(lorieli Reichart, John D. X)bitison, Jacob C. Itodgers, George H. Rhoads, Gore, Jolin Griffitli, Wiii. Griiie, Aii-tist Gi-ier, Aiidi-ekv Y. Green, Win. G;trrison, Wili. 11. Gi)od, Georgo Harvey N. Rc-ifi, Witi. J. Scott, Aiiiericus IV. Shaffer, Ifeiiry C. Sliattucl, Henry Sliooli, Robert Siiiis, Heiiry Gi-ant, Henry G. Gibson,* Lpwis Geinwinger, Ft-atili Gatis, Geoi-ge T. Hartroy, Cliarles Hurd, Joliii 1'. llit-tii Smitli. John F. Steck, John K. Sweeney, Heiiry Swo-er, Tlios. Sandon, Jacob Schmidt, Jolin E. Selin-iidt George W. Huglies, William Ifenderson, Patrick -Lirritigton, Jol-II) D. Howard IV. P. Hollowbtish, Cliaries Casidy Scott, Thos. 11. Scott, If onry SlltffV Lth, Christian Shuma;n, Jol-iii Speer, Wiii. 11. Small, Tiios. StevenJ. HLtntl-iorii, Joseph C. ffanthorn, Andrew Hart-on, Geon_,e i'larris, Daniel H()ok, R. W. flayward, Samuel F. soii, Davi(i Stock, Jonathan P..Sin tti, Wlii. B. Stewart, Heiiry Scott, Ditnic-I Schlittler, Theo. Troutijian John Htiiiseliei-, Fredet-icli Hoffman,* Sai-niiel Hensel, William Hadsoti, Janies Haiililtoii, Daniel Hook, Williatil Thomas, Fred. Troutin' cii, Geo. W. Truidcliz, Jas. Thornton, Jas. T. Thorp,* Wiii. A. Vansant, Philip Victory, Hill, Geoi-ge I-lardhrine, Chauncey Irish, Wni. 1-1. H. IrNv"ti, Thomas Joues, Isaac Jones, Jolin Jenkins Isaac J;Lnies Vance,* Joseph Walker, Micliael W:t1thour, D Lniet S. Wa-rd, Joliti 31. Watt, Joliri S. Wliite, R. B. W. Job,4on, John B. Jones, Joliii T. Jones. Heiii-y AV. Kiii-tz' Tlioiiias Keegan, Stepliett Ki-t, Godtrey Knaus;;, Worinersley, Joliti G. Waors, Th,). P. W,dkor, Jits. Waters, Gottleib Wortile, Cli trIes WillLtins, Sainuel Josepli Kliiiefelter, James Kliiier, Frederick Keeblet', Alonzo Kennedy, Jaines C. Kuhn, W. M. KirkpAtriCk, Wolfinger, 0. A. Wortliiiigton, Blilla-e A. Wilkins, Augustus B. Yotilig, Wni. D. Yoting. George Krick, David H. Kiilg, Johii Lisbon, John J. Leycla., Johii Lloyd, Jaiiies Little, Heiii-y Lotjiiieier, Z, INDEPENDENT BATTERY H (JOIIN J. NEVITN'S). Au-n-itus J. Lamb, Heilry Larrison, Joseph IV. Litligow, Williaiii Lyneli, John Lowis, Josepli Louderback, A,drew J. Lobach, Johii Lee, Frederick Leopold, Jam(4s 31alianey, Charles R. Myers, Joliti 3lattliews' Joli n Captains, John J. Nevin, William Borrowe, EdNvin H. Nevin, Jr.; Fii-st Lieuteiiarits, Theodore M. Finlay, E. Magerstadt, Wni. P. Miller, Theodore March, Johi-i E. Meloy, Ge(r(,-e Moyei-, E'dwin P. Martherts, Jesse Wm. FT. Askine, Jr.; -Second Lieute'n nants, Jollii C. Klett, Jr., Jolli-i N. Bro% n, A. J. B. Baumstarck, Alorris Atiller, JoIiii Miller, Henry G. 3lot-ris Pati-icli Murray, Josepli SIIIS-4onian, Frank MeYers, Joliti Mawhinney, W. Gibbs, Williati-i F. Hoag; Sergeaytts, Jesse D. Johnston, Thotyias D. Loomis, George Carotliers, John P. John Miller, Philip lvltihia, James W. Moi-gan, Franklin J. 31 ers, James Marshall,* Williai-fi 31alony,* Pati-ick obitzer, John A. Floyd, Cliarles G. Foster, i1dattliew Chanibers, John L. Fowler, Petei, Brady ob i-t Hagan, Y R I Malone,* Caiiieroii Alorris,* Win. H. Moody, Beni. F. Moore, Charles Miltliaiii, Hoiiry C. Myers, Dardel Men- San-itiel Latixbert; Corporals, Adam Weber, David H. Speers, George Forrest, Henry Pot-i-est, Josepli H. iinan, Jolin 3loi-an, Johii Morgan, Wiii. J. Mcilifflan, Alex. MeMillan, Siinoil AlcAi-clle, Williztiii MeKelvy, 3leCabe, Thomas 31. McKeen, Aiigiist StLiiriii-leyer, Buriis R. Lyncli, John M. -McGratty, Samuel J. Si-iee, Jas. Charles 31CCILII'e, Robert TvIeCrotiry, Win. McFarlaitd, Josepli Mcliini, Robert _McChesney, John C. IIcCowan, L. Sutherland, Joliri J. Case, Jotin V. K. Ebbert, J. C. Walliinshaw, Bartholoti-iew Dugan, Jolin illayforth, Elias 31. dlIcLaiiie, fliram McMichael, Joseph McBride, Loui- C. McGonnigle, James G. 3lcKee, Alex. 3le- Joseph,,Girardin, Ttiom(ts Neal, Jr.; Buglers, Arnold B. Wei(ineai-, Jas. Bonenfaut; Artificers, Gilman W. Quaid, Joli n B. McGeehOD, Fl'aiili McCutchen'James illc'Dowell, Jolin McConkey, lViri. J. MeAffoe,.Daniel SIc- Davis, Atexat-id'et- Malone; Privates, He'n'ry Achilles, Jr., George W. Ainswortli, Saniuel Arbtitlinot, John Corthy, Win. J. MoMillan, Sr., Jolin McCLilly, F. mg,mini--tny, HLigli MeGalian, John McCartney, 3latt. 11. Aloxander, James Atiderson, Josepli Aten, J. G. Alleti, Eliner E. Allell, George Aiiibei-soii, Michael Bargin McCorinick, Willi.ain Nye, Oscar Nixdorf, Davici Nicoll, Goorge Noblock, Calvin Ntilter, Thotiias O'Brian, Steplien B. Bea,C11, Coiirad R. Beechling, Jaii-ies IV. Bell, William Bigley, John Blume, Williaiii H. Boyd, Zftcliat-iali Oriier, Jaines O'Donnol, John Olivei- Henry Oberlitz, Jaines Phillips, William H. Petirod, Bevan Antliony Boyle, Semple W. Brooks, Henry Byers, Jaiiies Baum, Samuel B. Boiiner Thomas Boyd, Allen Peat-son, William Pierce, Daiiiel Pritchard, Fet-dinand Portet-, Jolin Pliiiiiniei-, fleiiry Peters, Williain Qtiinri, Brooks, Johii Brown, I-Iti-h Bro-ii, Peter Baldts, Peter Baldorf, Tiioinas Boyd, Joh I n Baird, Hiigh Beatty, Jolin Ridge, Ttionias Itedmoiid, Silas C. Robt), Josepli E. Robinson, Williaiii Rid-., Johii Rtimbliil(it, James Albert G. Beebe, Hirain Baughman, Noah Boweii, Harry E. Beatty, Williain Bottles, Lotiis Brealii"n James In i7o Roe, Joixit Radel, Saintiel Rodgers, L. A. Rayjriorid, Henry Rendler,-- Tiieodore Iteyiior, Jolin Itoot, Aslibel C. Burtoii, James C. Byerly, Aaron Bell, Williani fl. Bradley, Johii W. Beiiton, Lafayette L. Betinett, sal-nuel W. Smith, Peter Spreck-sell, Frederick Stropi), Jaii-ios Stillisbury, Samuel Smitti, Nelson M. Sliipiiiari, fleiiry R. Bingham, Samuel Booth, W.11iam Bi-nell,* Chauncey Bailey, George P. Beilsteiii, Peter Burtiey, Cliat-les Sethiiian, Heriry W. Sinitli, Robei't Stanley, Wesley Shass, Daniel Sirrinis, George W. Stiirey, Miles Stetler Biitler, Thonias Citrpenter, Williani B. Citrroll, X-tvier Clialot, Alex. Chainbers, Joseph Clingaii, Edward CloDaniel Shaner, Wellington Stewart, Levi Stiimp, Wm. J. Sturgeoit, J(din A. Sinipsori, Jacob Seiliert, Francis niati, Thoiiias Coats, Jaiiies G. Coiiner, James E. k, Cliarles Craig, Charles M. Crawford, David Crawford, Stoiffer, George Shiite, Ilirani SI-ieai-er, Wallace Sirnpson, A. Straussinan, Wni. Schofield, Saiiiuel SiDIpson, Lc-wis Crawford Geor-e Ci-ider Jai-ne-s Carleton, William Caineron, Gooro-o Cannitigham, Peter Cont-ad 3licitael Smitfi, Henry Bl. ShedroD,* Jan-ies Smitli, Michael Siijith, JanleS SMitll, Joliii Sniith, Wni. Siiiith, James Cassaday, William J. Cooper, Patrielc Cassaday,* James Clark, F. 31. Clayball, Bi-aytoii N. Cole, ChrisJolin Solley, Robert J. Troy, Joseph Tetlen, Fi-ancis 31. l'opper, Wni. C. Taylor, Lewis Tuteburg, Thoiiias tian Cook, Gustave Datt, Silas DralKe, John 1-1. Delos, Heiiry Dick, Michael Dickerhoff, Neil Docherty, John ToNviisley, Win. Teaff, Wm. H. Thonipson,* Daniel Tiner, Gilbert Toser, Thoirrias Toser, Wiii. G. Vanorsdale, P. Davis, Bartliolomew Davis, Thomas T. Davis, Abraham Davis, David Dougherty, William Deckei-, Joshua J,in-iesi).Wt[lier,SitmuelWeaver,JolitiJ.Weaver,fleiiryWe n-laii,JolitiWilliai-i-is,S.J.Willinnis,Fei-dintnd Decker, Jolin' Daily, Hu--h Deve-tiney, Williain Dunlap, Claudius Etiglish, Jan'les Earley, John Erigland, Y I Wolfraiii, Robert J. Ward, Thoiiias IValter, Peter Weyman, Jolin F. Wori-ilow, IVin. J. Wilkinson, Frederick James D. Evans, George S. ElKy, William A. Ellis, Sanitiel Ellis, Thomas W. Fitzgerald, Alvin L Fife, TerWise, Jollit Weagley, Leotiard Weagner, Jan-les Walters, Josepli 13. Wilson, George W. Wagnei-, Charles N. i-ence Flititi, Saiii'l F. Freeman, Robert F. Feath,r, John Fry, Williaiii Fuiik, Frederick Faber, Charles A. Walker, Frederick Weynian,* Ralph Woods,* Wtii. Warden,* Tlieo. 11. Weaver, Gottlieb Weis..;4, Tliomas Foticii, Thoinas Fotilks, Natliaiiiel Fry, John W. Frey, Francis A. Flanegin,'John B. Farvet, Cliarles FlanWatson, Jolin H. Weidle, Jan-les Waltron,.John Willianis, Joliii A. Young, Aiigelbert Zeiser, Aloses Zeigler.* egin, 31. S. Fi-om(incl, Robert S. Getty, Williain F. Getty, William Giles, Moses GloSs, Jaiiies M'. Got-don, John INDEPENDENT BATTERY F-(IJAMPTON'S). W. Goi-don, Ferdinand Gi-oss, Joliti Garrim, Josiall Gibson, Christopher Gordon, Zachai-ias Gordon, John G. ames M. Gregg, Retiben K. Geyer, Sainuel T. Grover,* James Gai-ren, Micliael Gavin, Thomas Captains, Robert B. Hampton,* Nathaniel Irish; First Lieutenants, LeNvis S. Tarr, James P. Fleming, Goodwiti, Gottlieb Gi-ebbe, Thoinas Ho-an, Leopold Han-inter, John S. Harrison, Janies Hart, Joliii Hewitt, Robert Paul, Joseph B. Todd, Fred. L. Atwood, George Ritchie; Second Lieutenants, Alt'red N..1farbours, Johii Hiiies, Williztm Holtiies, Paterson Holsin-ei-, Jolin Homer, John C. Htit-ley, 3lichael Hyland, John Joseph L. Miller Samuel D. Glass, FrailIK H. Shirits, Fi-ank A. Merrick; Sergeants, Benjamin R. Parke, HOPIKins, Fre(let-iclr. I-Ioffer, Tliomas J. lfiititer, J. W. Handi-ickson, San-luet Hendricksoii, Davi'd Harbaugh, Hetiry S. Dravo, D. A. Stewart, Williani T. Phillis. Henry Balliin, Samuel B. Becliet-, Isaiah K. Beckei-, W. J. -M. flall, Abrahain Htiffine, Jolin Hart, Jolin W. flitrt, Josepli E. Hall, Johti P. Hall, Clark Hustin, James Peters, Joliti B. McClelland, Robert E. Macoubray; Corporals, John C. Shaler, Joseph Steiner, liti-h Cfias. C. Hendet'son, Jttcob Hofftiian, F. Ilouseliolder, Wrri. L. Haddock, John Hainilton, Frank Hill, John A. Cargo, Willian-1 E. Ross, George W. Hazlett, Charles Stoehr, Henry Ha!stead, Geor-e W. Brasliear, I-loffinan, Mjngoldsby, William Jenliins, Paul Jennett, Henry H. Johiison, James Jolinson, George Jenkins' Robei-t S. Peters, Cliristoplier Scliellliarcit, William Manchester, Samuel A. Lydie, Alexander Sliarp, James David JenIKins, Williain Jones, Josepli Kerns, Francis Kromple, Jacob Kiiig, Geo. S. Ktiowlton, Jolin Kuhns, Wallace,* Rieliard 11. Lee,* Daniel M. Sliaeffer, William J. Peters, James Bas.ett, Edward J. Wilkins, Michael Kelly, Joseph P. Kyle, George Kunkle, Robert T. Kiiicald, Tlieodore Kimiiiel, Joliii Kelly, John Williaii-i W. Delnias, John Keiiiiing; Bugler, James W. Wilson: At-tificers, Ditvid Bai-iiett AL N. Sloppy, Kitlriey, Robert Klett, John Lainp, Martin Laiigan, James K. Lee, Henry B. Lirik, Geoi-ae Lutz. James C. D. Rtiper; Privates, Towrisencl Adanis, Hti-li W. Alexander, Williani Arbogast, Joliii H. Adams-'Samiipl U-A, T T A 0 A nllls. u tt llsoug, Wllitm Atod, Lewis Arenlsburg, Joh rl Armlor, Heii ty Adams, Thoma;.s C. Bu-l; I-aMIh B X lllgh J. Lenon, Y1 ctlel Llu`lein, ADI'id lOY SaMtxiue Leontel I nell, A~mos Balxter, Charles B. Btllollck, Williamn Burns, Johlt Bulzzard, lob)eit W. Baird, Jollrn Bi-owti David Mlotgaii, Alexanlder Mlowey, Williaml Mouerr, Jotln Moonley, William J. Malrtin, John Mloore, Jaines Meskill, H. Byers, Alfi-ed R. Brasliear, H(nry Bur-ry, Ellet F. Blackt,Anlios A. Blacki,Alexaneder C. Barr JlshitBrad- Joliti A. Miller, Heml-y Moore, Willi.tm H1. Miller, Markr 1Mincer, Daniel F. Malrsh JohTi S. Marsli,Williani ley, Jaiiies H1. Burke, Stephen B. Benijett, Jolin F. Byarld, George W..B.arnls Jolin.Bachltold, Charles A. | D. MVorrow, Ttiomas Mfiles, Willi(tni 3tiles. Atigust Mentre,* Jacob Millei-, Joh-n M1inich, Jolin E. M1onroe, Borden,.Jamtes Boyle, John G. Beatty, Newell A. Borden, Walshlington Bassettt Thomas Brunlner, Williamin Jellnies McIColllini Peter McGimn John 3IcGowen, Patirick 1McGowen.ilex. McIntosh, MVatthew McKiown, Bowri, George Beaumllont,. Franlr. S. Balliewell, Fire(l. W. Beshore, Jolin Bright,* Chai-les R. Brighlt,r Ben ja- M. H. MeLaugailin, Thlomnas MciUalhon, Dalniel MeMutluray, Jals. P. MlcPherson, Jotin MceReynolds, James Illin M1. Catrlile, Casper R. Car lilt, Horatce S. Crofhlt, Tliomas J. Canipblell, W. J. Chalmberlin, Arthlur Carson, 1 McRo)berts, Wm. J. 3IcGraltty, Francis Mcl.aughilin,I James MlcGrady, Pat Mcl.Eaugllilin, Clul lielius McGrady, Willialm Colllner, Was1liin-ton Coniier, Josepli (Crawford, Alexander J. Cl.ark Jo)hn L. Cupps, J. H. Cunnlling - Willia1-n McFadden,, Claiide H. McDotiald, John M5cP herson, Geot-go McCoy, Robert McCgn hmi hailn, Cliarles W. Cofflit, Betijaissiin M. Clatrk, Alonzo Cavett, Charles Crinei-, Willianll H. Cappe, Willianln McElale, Jaines MIc(reely, Jolin A. McCleatry, Jolin MelLatillilin, Alex. McLaiiglilinl, Samulel Neely, RedClarkz, Rob)ert Campbell, Samuel Creese, Seths A. Calhounll, Timo)thy Du ffy, Jr., Martin Dietricti, Michalel r xnotid Norton, Fi iley M. Newland, Jolltn S. Newvlanld, Thionias Nichols, Steplilen Nultz, Johll O'Donnaell, Jolin Deeiner, George Deati, William J. Dennison, Atidrew D. DeaLn William- Down lin-, Williham Dallzell, Jolinl J. Q. Oliroyler, Louis Ochller,* Jitmes Ot's,* Myers N. Po)well, Lyrnatn Pi-ice, Henry Pi-att, Abr-aham Paterson, Defo)rd, Jolin J. De Silve-ia, Jalmes Deiinisonl, Michael Dentzler,. Geoi-ge 11. Da-vis, Williaiii Dunlap, JaiiI es H Eenry Parrott, Cebur-y Perkins6, George Peters, Fredericlr. Posth, Nicholas Poupenaty, Amos W. Pryan, W. Duih anm, Wi ll iaitl Eakin, Chatrles Eckrei t, Jacks;on Ev erts, Bellon i Evans, Al bei t M. Evanse, Jolinl El lisa, | Aiguist Reliritian, Phiilip Ripper, Eimalluel Ron iig, Win. Rosen steel, Tobt)ias Reese, A. G. P. R ichey, Will iam Iiobert Fife, Thlomas6 Frank, John Fislier, Frantcis Frew, Thsomna J. Fox, Theodore M1. Finlay, B;irney J. Ryan, FrailIk Iodgers, Dav; d H. Rodgers' Josliula Rowan, David Reed, Jamies Russell, Jacob Richey, EdFreese, Larry Fields, William 11. Flulgga, Heiiry Fieres,* Daniel Gusing~er, MNartii1 Gibson, Evanl S. Gibson, f ward Roberts, Geo. Rapier, Tlheo. Rhillehart, Jas. Roilgers, MIilo P. Scott, Eph. Seit'ert, Geo. F. Schatde, Clay Hu-fh Glasgo)w, James G.llla-lier-,Robe-t M. Gille;;pie, Rot)ertG1asgow,* Patrick Green, JaniesGlennan,Jallnes L. IShermanl, Corneliu-iShovelin, Jrio. H. Smitll, Jno. Snydel-, Jno. Step)hens, B. D. Spencer, Daniel Stewvart, OGue, Phillill Garrison, Clarles M. Gormley, Willianm Hoofl, Hetiry lleznple, Maltthewv H. Holman, John H. | Levi P. Suttoni, Wni R. Siiiilit, Wni. H1. Siiyder, Thios. Steveiison, Edwinl Speer, Jals. Snyde-, HIoralce G. H.ay, Williani H1. Ho)riier, Samultel A. Hazlett, Geor-ge Holil, J'ames W. Iloover, Gordoii Helmi-ai;, Paltrick. Siiiith, Wm. Siiiith, George C. Smith, John Smithi, Daniel G. Snmith, Philip Smitli, Valenlinae Segjner, Henry Hefferinaan,* William Hlelmanl,* Henry G. Hess, John HarriSoll, George A. Herbertoti, Cliarles Hanlshaw,* Staley, Michatel Sliephalrd, Richard Srne(ldien, Joseph B. Shalner-, Geosrge F. Stone, MSartin G. Stiffler, WVilliam William Hl.stings,* Loren,Hurd, Salmuel lrwiti, Milo E4. Ingram,m Berna)rd Johiison, Johii James, Edward l StoU;llton, Hariry Shaffer, Samuel Schsock, John M. Stevenls, George Shirye, Thomas Smiith, Owen Sullivan, E. Jonles, FraDk Kromie, WNilliam Kinrg, fllonry A. Kid(], Jacob Kiocber, Williamt W. Kline, S.mtilel S. KSen- | Alvy W. Strong,* Hlenry Schmiidt, Stephe(n D. Shaiior, Fredlerick Shrimler, James Solomon, John Sincelair ne(iy, George Kralpp, Christiaii Koenig, Williain H. Knox, Charles Kirchaff'er, George D. Kauffmannl, Danliel Thowa(s., Josepli D. Thiiilas, Jas. A. Torrence, Benjaiiiin Trimb;le, William Tussy, Sanisoni Talylor, Michaeel Kiecki, Jacob Keirsh,* W"iliilm Lsonalrd, Davi(i Lewis, George W. Land, Ralph G. Le(-, Fredletick Johnl Thlonipsozi,.Toseph Thionpsols, Alex. Thompsoji, Robert Tuston, Wasi.ington Turner *Barney Trainer, Leopold, Jamles Lyiich, Daiiiel Lambert, George W. Little, John E. Loughry,* Dalvid Long, Willialm Lacy,* Loiiis Uetz, G. B. Van Eanion, Eli Verner, Robert A. Varnce, Bentonl Wlii6ton, Geot-go Watson, Jr., Francis Joseph S. Leech,* Williaml G. Lafferty, iVilliam Murray, James P. Miller, William Marks, Isaac P. Maso'n, | Weidner, Johlr R Wilson, William S. Wirts, Jolin Wriglit, Geot-ge Wilson, Josepli WeichelI, Wiltiam W. Jolin A. Miller, Geor,,e H. Mitchell, J. E. Miller, Dalvid E. Martit), J. M. Monltgoimery, John A. Miirdocki, Woods, Tlionmas Woo(is, Josep)h N. Willkins, Jolin W. Wilson, David R. Williams, John M. Walthotir, Arthiir Henry Martiti, Jvsepth Martiti, George V. Marshall, Fi-atll A. MeXrrilck R:bert P. McKnight, Cor-nelius [ ikr6l,slc.iisl,oiWlesAawlo,elTug1t), Perry Youti- (2d), John P. J. Nc(:awley, Jamnes McCrackeii, Samuel McClellan, Joseph McBi-ide, Wesley McCauslalnd, Hulgh McGahan, I Yoling, Jacob ZimuierniaD.John Kimerly, died, date unknown. Mark Leslie, died IViarch 17, 1864; buripd hi Allegheny Cemetery, Peniisylvania. Cliarles Moss, killed at Sotith Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. James Moore, died of woun' Jan. 19, 1 863; buried N Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Henry Madara, killed at Soutti Mountain, Sept. 14,1862. Ed. McCluskey, died July 16, 1862; buried at Pliiiadelpl-ia, Pa. B. Niclile, died Oct. 20, 1864; buried at Beverly, Now Jersey. William H. Oldhain, killed at Sotith Tviountaiii, Sept. 14,1862. Johii Robinson, died at Fredericksbtirg, Virginia, May 14,1861, of wotii-ids received in action. George C. Staubs, accidentally killed March 6, 1864; buried at Alexandria, Virginia, grave 1142. THIR-TY-EIGHTII REGIMENT-NINTH RESERVES. ELEVENTH REG131ENT. Coinj)any G. Jaines INIiissen, died at Aticlersonville, Georgia, Sept. 30,1864; grave 10,050. Jolin Gregg, died of wouiids in action, April 1, 1865. David Anderson, killed at Antiefiim, Sept. 17, 1862. William Bisliop, died Sept. 12, 1862, of wouncis received at Second Bull Run; buried at Alexaiidria, Virginia; gi-ave 268. Abraliai-ii Boriiig, (lied of wounds received in action, Feb. 6,1865. Jacob Beare, (lied of wounds, -May 23, 1864; buried at Alexandria, Yirginia; grave 1918. Joliri Cowan, died at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1865. William Donnelson, killed at Tliorouglifare Gap, Atig. 28, 1862. Peter Donabile., die(I of wo'unds received at Wilderness, Virginia, lqay 10, 1864. Jollii W. Daily, died Oct. 6,1862; buried in 31ilitary Asyluin Cemetery, D. C. E(Iward Fin(iley, killed at Antietitn-1, Sept. 17, 1862. Josiah Gilleii, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17,1862. Thonias C. flopkiiis, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Tiioii-ias liordoti, die(i of woiinds received in actioti, Feb. 6, 1865. ]Daniel HeIn-tan, die'd INlay 28,1865; buried in Prw4pect Hill Ceitietery, York, Pennsylvai-iia. Heiiry Ha.gue, die(I of wounds received at Bethesda Cl-iureli, Jtine 3, 1864. Heitry Ileiitzel, died in hospital of woiinds received at Second Bull Rtin. Josepii Reagles, died Sept. 21, 1862; buried in 31ilitary Asyluin Cel-iietery, D. C. Tiiiiotl-iy W. Irviti, died April 2, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arliiigton, Virginia. Joliii La France, died of woiinds received at Bull Run, Aiig. 30,1862. Jolil-n 31cY ey, died of woun cls received at Thoroughfare Gap, Aiig. 28, 1862. Joseph McLees, died of sunstroke at Tiiorou(,iifare Gap, Aug. 28, 1862. Alexander 31arthi, died Sept., 1862, of woiiiids received at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. Jolin Oxly, died at llittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Feb. 15, 1863. John Iteilly, killed at Thoroiiglifitre Gap, Au(-. 28, 1802. John Rodgeis, died of woui-ids received at Grit-yelly Run, April 1. 1865. Francis Reed, die(I at Washin-ton, D. (I., lNlay 22, 1864. Iteiiry H. Sliultz, died January 25,1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Joseph Warren, died of wouiids received at Spottsylyaiiia Court-flouse iNlay 12, 1861; buried oii the field. David Wolf, died Dec. 24, 1864; btiried in United States General I-lospital Cemetery, Annapolis, 31aryland. TWELNTY-EIGHTH REGIME.\T. Company L. Robert R. Smitli, IKilled at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. George Peiiii, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Adam Blackliead, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Jolin 31arsliall, Iiilled at Antietaiii, Sept. 17, 1862. THIRTY-SEVENTII REGIMENT-EIGHTI-I RESERVES. Corq.pcozy B.'NVilliam 31. Carter, killed at South 3loiiritain, Sept. 14, 1862. Williaiii J. -Miller, kille(i at Gidnes's Mill, June 27, 1862. ISTeal TvIeCole, Iiilled at Soutit Mount,,dn, Sept. 14, 1862. Pliilip Cui,nian, killed at Gaines's Mill, Juiie 27, 1862. Edwin F. Clark, killed at Gaines's 31ill, JUDe 27, 1862. George It. Ever,oii, killed at Soutli Mountain, Sept. 14,1862. Charles Frenzer, IKilled at Fredericksburg, Yii-ginia, Dec. 13, 1862. John Krumple, killed at Gaines's lNlill, June 27, 1862. Thoilias Massey, killed ace'deiitally, July 29, 1861. T. W. McClelland, (lied at Camp Pierpotit, Virgitiia, Jan. 12, 1862. Cliarles ilcAllister, Iiille(i at Gitines's 31ill, June 27, 1862. Edward McFadden, killed at Gaines's Mill, Juile 27, 1862. Mattliew McLaughlin, killed at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Beriiard AleGinnis, died Oct. 13, 1862, of woutids received at South Alountain; buried at Alexandria, grave 348. John 3lcGreevy, killed. at Wilderness, Virginia, May 8, 1864. Thoii-ias J. 31iller, killed at Gaines's Tvlill, Juile 27, 1862. Sclxiiylei- Nictiolson, killed at Gaiiies's 31ill, Ji-ine 27, 1862. Joiiii Patterson, Icilled at New illarket Crotis Roads, Aug. 27, 1862. Joseph Sliipp, killed at Gaines's Mill, Jui-le 27, 1862. Janies'Steele, Iiilled at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. INlichael 1'racy, diecl Oct. 4, 1862, of wotiiids received at Soiith 31ouDtain Sept. 14. James Wood, killed fi-t Gaines's INIM, June 27, 1862. William K. Wood, killed itt Gaines's Alill, Jun(i 27, 1862. Harrison Yoiing, k,.lled at Gaines's Mill, Jutio 27, 1862. Comj)any C. Charles Ilacker, killed at Gaines' Mill, Jtine 27, 1862. Jitcob C. Cameron, killed ktt Soiith Mountain, Sept. 14,1862. Tlioitias Montgomery, died Jtine 20, 1863, of wouiids received at Fredericksbiirg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862-!, buried at Alexandria, grave 689. Sitniuel D. Cat-ney, died at Alexandria, Virginia, Jan. 19, 1864, of wounds received in actioii. SaDlUel. Ditvis, died at Cam Tenally, Oct. 8, 1861. Frank Reffley, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Ttiomits Jaiiies, kille(i at AD tiOtalll., lvlarylaiid, Sept. 17, 1862. Wasiiington LeNvis, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads, Jutic 30, 1862. Coni-ad Stiaffei-, died at Richmond, Virginia, July 10, of woiinds received at Gaines's 3fill Juiie 27, 1862. Henry Strtible, killed at South 3loiintain, Sept. 14, 1862. Randolph Speer, died at Savage Station, July 10, of wounds received at Gaines's Mill June 27, 1862. John Strittbet'n, died Jail. 8, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg Dec, 13, 1862; buried at Alexandria, grave 669. Peter Smitb, killed at Gaines's Mill, June.27, 1862. John A. Wtitson, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads June 30,1862. Jolin W. Zull, dijd April 23, 1862; buried at Philadelphia. Compaity E. Johii Marn-lie, killed at Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1862. Benjamin Ti-acy, died Aug. 20,1862; btiried at Philadelpbia. Jollii Coclirane, killed at Gaines's Mill, Jtine 27, 1862. Peter Fitzsiniixions, killed at Sotith Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. Albert Esters, killed at South Mouiitain, Sert. 14, 1862. John Bailey, killed at Aiitietam, Marylaiid, Sepf. 17, 1862. George NV. Brooks, killed at Soutti Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. John Creighton, died Dec. 18, 1862, of wounds received in action. Edward Evars; died at Camp Pierpont, Virginia, Nov. 8,1861. Lawrence Hand, killed at Aiitietam, Sept. 17, 1862. William Harker, killed itt South Motiritain, Sept. 14,1862. Michael Kelly, kille(I at Antietam, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. Patrick Rei-nan, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. I. I I I CoinTany A. E. R. Darlington, died at Georgetown, D. C., Oet. 20,1861. Janies P. Beattie, killed at Cliarles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, Juiie 13,1862. Reuben W. lAoiig, killed at Fi-edericksbul-o-, Virginia'Dec. 13, 1862. A. 3icKiiiiiey Craig, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dee. 13,1862. E. P. Darlington, die(i of wounds received at Soutli 1NIountain, Sept. 14,1862. J. McD. Slylith, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, Juiie 30,1862. John S. Copsley, killed at South Mountain, Sept. 14,1862. \Villiam Allen, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 30, 1862. H. 11. Ch-,iniberlain, killed at South Mountain, Sept. 14,1862. Johil Daniels, died Sept. 14, of wotiiids receivect at Bull Riin Aligiist 30, 1862. Willia-m E. Forest, died Sept. 19, of wo-Liiicls received at Soiitli Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Edward J. Hosses, killed at Fredericksburg, Yii-ginia, Dee. 13, 1862. Tliotiias B. Linn, (iied at Camp Pierpoiit, Yii-ginia, March 20, 1862. Joliii Morrison, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads,'Vir-inia, June 30, 1862. Williai-ii -TUcClurg, died Oct. 12, of woLinds received It Soilth Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Jaiiies MeElary, died Oct. 12, of wouiicls received It Soutli Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. George W. Rodgers, killed at Antietan'i, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. Alex. B. Sii-iith, (Jied Jaii. 14, 18622, of wouiids received at Dranesville Dee. 20, 1861. Johii C. Westlake, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dee. 13, 1864. Coi-apany B. John Longbein, killed at Antietam, Alaryland, Sopt. 17, 1862. Fredericil Fuselie, died at Washington, D. C., Oct. 14, 1862. Charles Langsfeld, killed at Bull Rtin, Virginia, Aiigust 30,1862. Christian Brudi, ki'Iled at Bull Run, Virginia, Augilst 30,1862. Matthias Danner, Iiilled at Antietaiii, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. 3lieliael Gardner, clied at Brooks's Statioii, Virginia, Dee. 3, 1862. Christian Has:41er, died at Alexandria, Vii-ginia, April 1, 1864; grave 1710. Aiidrew Roll, died of wounds received at Charles City Ci-oss-Roa(is, Virginia, Jtine, 30, 1S62. John Lerch, died at Fredericlr-, INIarylai-id, Oct. 22, of Nvounds received at South 1NIoiiiitaiii Sept. 14, 1862 buried in 31ount Olivet Ceii-ietery. Adolph'Manser, drowned at F;)rtress'Monroe, August 14, 1863. Lewis Marschall, killed by accidei-it at Wasliii-igtoii, D. C. Date unknown. 11. 1NIoi-ganstt-in, kille(i at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 30, 1862. C. Rienienschneider, killed at Bull Run, Augiist 30,1862. Conrad Schofer, iiiissing at Bull Ituti, August 30,1862; reported killed. A. Schumacher, killed at Antietam, Maryland, Sept. 17, 186-2. Peter Trost, killed at Charles City Cross-Roacls, Virginia, June 30, 1862. Compairy C. Jaiyies T. Sliannon, died Sept. 12, of wourids received at Bull Run August 30, 1862. Robert Mahaffey, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Josepli L. McQu;tde, killecl at Btill RLin, Virginia, Au-iist 30, 1862. Williarn J. Mahaffy, killed at Gaines's Mill, June 27, 1.862. Joseph Snively, Iiilled at Antietam, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. D. R. Carson, killed at Bull Run, Aiigust 30, 1862. R. J. Douglierty, died at HtLrrisoii's Landing, Virginia, J-Lily 10, 1862. Hugh Fraizer, killed at Btill Itun, Virginia, August 30, 1862. Aloses B. Henry, died at Alexandria, Virginia, Oct. 21, of wounds received at Bull Run, Virainia, Atigust 20, 1862; grave 363. F. D. Karnes, Jr., died at I-larrison's Landing, Virginia, July 9, 1862. F. J. Logan, killed at Btill Run, Virginia, August 30, 1862. Alfred McClure, killed at Bull Ri-in, Virginia, August 30, 1862. James McGee, killed at (iliarles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 30, 1862. Charles Maux, killed at Gaines's INlill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Alexander Scott, killed at Antietam, 3faryland, Sept. 17, 1862. A. Swartzlander, killed at Antietani, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. J. K. Thonipson, killed at Gaiiies's Mill, Vii-ginia, June 27, 1862. Compctny D. John H. 3lechling, kille(I at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virgiriia, Jiine 30, 1862. Williain A. Young, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virginia, June 30, 1862. John Traittman, died Sept. 1, of wounds received at Btill Rtin AugustUy, 1862. Jolin D. Taylor, killed at Frederielisbiirg, Virginia, Dee. 13, 1862. Andrew J. I-Iollis, killed at Bull Rtin, Virginia, Augu3t 30, 1862. Sai-nuel Adanis, killed at Soutli 31ouiitain, Sept. 14, 1862. Henry Fallenstein, killed at Soiith Moiintain, Sept. 1 186 W. F. McCorn-iiek, killed at Bull Run, August 30,1862. Hlrarn Marsti, killed at South Mountaiii, Sept. 14, 1862. Jeremial- O'Leary, IKilled at Bull lltin, August 30,1862. Williani Reed, killed at South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. Albert Yeager, killed at Bull Run, Virginia, Aug4st 30,1862. Company E. Samuel Bassett, killed at Antietam, 31aryland, Sept. 17, 1862. Henry Bea-tty, killed at Antietam, Maryland, Slept. 17, 1862. Jerome Carnallan, kille(i at Antietam, Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. Fraiicis De-ver, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dee. 13, 1862. Janies A. Harvey, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Nov. 29, 1862. Peter Hays, died Dee. 28, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dee. 13,1862; buried in Mil. Asy'm. Cein, John Hopkins, killed at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862., Isaac Little, killed at Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. Thonias McClell M, Sept. 17, 1862. James L. Morris Pa., Jtily 9, 1862. David Nelson, k ross-Roads, June 30, 1862. Jolin Richey,, killed at South Mountain, Sept, 14, 1862. Mictiael Riley, died Dee. 5,1863; buried in Harmony Burial-Ground. Hugli Rodgers, killed at Antietani, Md., Sept. 17, 1802. Patrick Rafter, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dee. 13, 1862. John Sexton, killed at Dranesville, Dee. 20,1861. Joshua Scott, died at Washington, D. C., Dee. 29,1861. 231 AI ll IF_j 11 -110 THE DEATH-ROLL OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY SOLDIERS DURING THE RE13ELLION.CoinpanyJ G. Alexander MIcCord, Iiilled at Buill Run, Va., Aug. 30,1862. Williain L. Arnisti-on-f, diedI Oct. 14, 1 861. Rob)ert Aiiderson, died of wounlds received in action. Date unknown. J.tiiies P. BSerry, died Seljt. I12, 186(;3. George Bizzell, died at Bull Rliil, Ya., Allg. t30),1862. Wifflnist W. Chamlbers, killed at Antietaiii, MId., Sept. 17, 1862. N. P. Fitz.,simmons, died Sept. 1862. I\Iatthewv Lewvis, died Oct. 7, 1861. Joliii H1. MIiller, killed at Gaiiies's BINill, June 27, 1862. J;tiiies _Nichlolson, died Dec. 20,1861. JOIIi S. l'orter, killed at Gaines's Iffill, June 27, 1862. Thoim-as Read, die(l -IMarch 15, 1862. Peter Rotherinal, died Oct. 14,186;2, of wvounds received in action. ~ ~ -- Jo 1sn WVheary, died Aprlil 30, 1 862. John Zieglei-, killed at Charles City Cross-Roads, Ya., JuLne 30, 1:862 Co7mpan1y r. Gustavus A. Wencke, killed at Bull iRuii, Yirginia, Augr. 30,1862. Ch-tarles Nicholas, killed att Bull Ruii, Virginlia, Au~. 30), 186?2. Saii-iuel D1. Baker, killedI at Soiith Mounstain, Sept. 14, 1862. Joshlia Bain, killed at Ctlpl,epper Court-Houlse, Oct. 2, 1863. Williaiii Cozen, killed oni picket, Sept. 25, 1861. Datvid P. Gra-thaiii, Ikilled at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Tlilonlhas Hulgermaln, died Oct. 6, 1861. Jolin Lynlch, died of wvounds, Aug,. 9, 1862 * buried at Philadzelpliia. George -Milli-,an, killed at Soulth Mlountalin, Sept. 14, 1862. Ja;cob Reff, killed at Aiitietam-1 Sept.'17, 1862. Robert Reecl, diedi at Richmond, Virginial, Jtily 2, of *voundis received at 3Iechanaicsville Juine 26, 1862. Jalmes Snedden, killed at Gainles's 1MiII, Virginia, Jtine 27, 1862:. Wil liani Siiii th, killed at Cliai-les City Cross-Roads, Jtine 30), 18Gi2. George Shearer, Jr., Ikille(l at Bull Run, Aulg. 30,1862., Johiti Schoeller, killed at Biill Run, Aii,~. 30),1862. George Upton, killed on gun-boat at Pluii-ib 1'oint, Bilississippi River, Julne 2, 1862. Conipanby IC. Clharles Brown, died Oct. 17, 1862- buried'in Fatirmounlt Cemetery, Ne-warki,.New Jersey. Batxter Bur khaftt, died at Calitip Pierpont, Virginian, 1;eb. 19, 18G2. Jolin Barnett, killed at Soutlh Mlounlt,tli n, Sept. 14,. 1862. John Ciievalier, killed a.t An tiettni, Sept..7, 1862. Joliii A. Cliess, diedl Oct. 2(), of wvounds received at Soulth Mtountainl Sept. 14, 1862. Jacob (Cochenaut-, killedI at Antietainl, Sept. 17, 1862. Williaiin S. Dickson, died of wouiids received in acotion, Sept. 17, 1862. Wendelinl Funli, died Sept. 18, 18B2, of woullids t. eceived att 2d Bull Rtun, buried inl Alilitatry Asylun-m Cem-'y. Santmuel Greiiet, ksilled at Glendatle, Jiine 30, 1862. Josepli Gorclon, killed at Biill Rtuti, Auig. 30),18t;2. Johnl Kinlgslatnd, diedI Oct. 12,1862q, of woutids reAceived at Sotith M1ountaiii Sept. 14, 1862. Eidward MlcAree, killed at Glendatle, Jtine;30,186:2. Chlarles M()l-ris, died Nov. 1, 1862; bIi-lieLl in Milit;try Asylunm Cemeter-y. Jatcob (). Mutlleii, killed at Anltietani, Se pt. 17, 186i2. Rieliarcl MAcCall, killedi at GAlenidale, Jtitie 3(),1862. William Roselip, die-dJan. 17, 1863:, of wotinds received at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Anldrew Stiaw, Ikilled at Glendale, Jt lle 30(,1862. Pliilip Tranlt, lililecl at Gaines's 3Iill, June 27, 1862. William Williaiiis, died Jaln. 16, 186.3, of wourids received at Frederickisburg, Yirginia, Dec. 13, 1862; bJuriedl in I1ilitary Asylum Cen- etery. FORTY^FOURTH REGIiIIENT-FlRST CAVALRY. Com.p any K. John T. lKennedy, died July 26f, 1863. Johli W. Galt, died Dec. 7, 1862.,Joliti C. Keifer, killed in action, MIay 28, 186G. Tlloiiias D. Boyce, died Oct. 10, 1864. Jatcol COl1P, diecd Sept. 26, 186it; btiried in Cavalry Corps Cemetery, Vir-iiiia. Willialm F. Cotil), (lied Nov. 8,1864- b)uried in NatioDal Ceiiietery, Arliijgtoii, Vii-ginia. Jami-es ENvin-f, died Nov. 22,18653. Richard Lesnett, lkilled in action, May 28, 1864. Josepli Mforrison, died at Alexandrllial, Virginia, Jllly 9, 1864; grave 2365. Josephl McClanahanl, kiilled att Gettysbutrg, Pennlsylvanlia, July 3S, 18e;3. Joseph M1. Shaffer, died Sept. 10, 1862. FORTY-SIXTH REGIMIENT. Contpansy B. Ilenr.y J. Grenet, killed in action, Autr. 9, 1862. Hezekiahl Allen, died July 1, 1864,,,of wNounds received'in action; bvuried at Chattanooga., Tenlliessee; grave 348. Jamles Boyle, died Nov. 6, 18fi3. Thoiii.ws J. N. Bain, died Jan. X, 18G65. Geotl-ge CaSss diecl O)ct. 28, 1864. Johli C:oiirad, died Atig. i, ]864. Joliti R. Davis, killed Jtily 20, 1864. Janies Gray, died Aug. 1, 1861. David HI.ney, died iMay'25,18632, of wounds recelVed in action, Hirittm lDlively, died at. Winchester, Virg,inia, Aug(. 21, 1862. Jacob Il-owvell, killed in action, Maty 15,1864l. Henrv Hiltoii, died of wvouLtds, Atig. 1, 1864. Jolin Holsh-ower, killed inl action, July 20),1864. w. C. Kzingf, died at Lynchb)llrg, Virg-inia, Jtily 6, 18fi2. Janiles I-itich, died Aug. 21, 1862i, of wounlds received in action. Janies Kananl, dlied Aug. 1, 1861, of wouiids received in actioii. John Koff, died July 25o, 1864, of wounds received in action. 3Iicll.ael Kinlslow, died Augr. 24, 1864, of wouiids receiv ed in action;* buried at Alexatidria, V irfl(inia; gravel(38. Jitiies R. Kitinan, died at Chattalnooga., Tleiinessee, July 10, 186G grave 584. Jaines Lynch, died of woiinds,, Aug. 21, 1864. Henry Rollings, killed in action, Aug. 9, 1862. Andrew Richiey, *lied Jtily 1, 1862, of wounlds received in action, Mlay 25,1862. Henry B. Sendle, killed in action, Aug. 9, 1862. Paul Shll;tly, died Aulg. 1, 1864. Samluel Wilmot, Ikilled1 in action, July 20,18S64. Jatcob Welty, died June 193, 1865; buried in Cytpress Hill Cemetery, I.. I. Saniiiel Younlg, died Aug. 20,1803; bui-ied in Nattionlal Cei-iietery, Arlingtonl; bloclk2, section E,.row;, grave G(). Com Caizy Ff. Howvell J. Davis, Ikilled in action, Juily 20, 18f;4. William W. Grac(ie, died at Belle Isle, Virg,inia, Sept. 4, 1862; biiriatl record, died Feb. 8, 1864; btiried in 1Natioiial Ceiiietery, Belle Island, Virgrinia. David B. Ne^lsonl, clied Sept. 9, of -wounlds received at Witiebester, Vir-inia, May 25, 180:2. Janies F. Fra.zier, killed aIt Atlanlta, Georgia, Jully 20,18G4. Jolin Gatvin. diedl AuLn 13.,1864, of wvotinds r eceived ait Atlanta, Georala, July 20, 1864. J aiiies MV. Earle, (lied atPiaelp)hia, Pennsylvataa lE.1,83 Hloward Baird, died July 17, 1864, of wounds; burial record Oct. 16, 1864; buried at Cliattanoogra, Tennessee; grlave 4. Chatrles Bui-kelt, killed at Atlanta, Georgria, Jully,20,1864. Jolin G. Bair, died at And (irsonville, Georgia, Aug. 2!4,1864; graTe 6660. Williarnb Beatty, killed in action, Jtine 22, 1864. Sainuel *'unningham, Ikilled neat- Marietta, Georgia, Jiine 22,1864. Jainles H. Cai-npbell, killed at Cedar Mountairi, Virgiiiia, Aug. 9, 186-2. Jami-es l)avis, killed at Cedar Mouintain, Virginia, Ailg. 9,1862. William Dailey, Iiilled at Atlanta, GeoErgia, July'20,1864. Williain Geddis, killed at Cedar Moiiyitavin, Virgsiiiia, Aiig. 9,4862. Johti Hart, died Jtily 18, 1865 - buried at Alexandria, Viiginia;, grave 3313. Ev.n Joalles, died at Stafforcl Co)urt-House, Vi rginlia, F!eb. 19,1863. Williaill- C. King, di'ed at L,ynchburg,.Virginlia, July 7, 1862. Jolin Maddenel, died Aug. 5, 1864, of wountds; btirietd attChatttanooga, Tennesseed grave 294, Janmes MeMaldowry, died Dec. 7, 1862; biii-ied at Alexaridria, Virginia;* grave 576. Williaim Stettler, killed at Cedar Moulntatin, Virginia, Aulg. 9, 1862. John T. Seat-igbt, died at Pittsbui gh, Pennqylvanlia, MIarch 7, 1861. Jolin Sear gbt, died at Nashv ille, Teiinessee, Oct. 17, 1864. George Siiyder, died at David's Island, Newv York, MAay 5, 1861; burled inl Cy+preea Hill Cemietery,'Long Island. J. T. Thomas, killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Aug. 9, 1862. John Vodrey, killed at Dallas, Geoi gia, Mlay 25,1864. FORTY-NINTH REG1IMENT, Con zp a ny K. George D. Ball, died at Burksville, l'irginia, April 30, 1865. heiiry EbUerg, died at Baltimore, Maryland, Jan, 21, 1865. FIFTH RECGIMENT WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS.. ~~~~~~Comnpavy A. Gustave Steider, lhilled at Allegheny Mountain, Dec. 13,1861. Jotlin S. Miller, (lied of typhoidI fever at Eilliwater, Virg,inlia, Dec. 14,1861. Patrick Datly, died of typhloid fever at Buckhanl-non, WTest Vii-giniat, Junle 24,186)2. Michalel Donlolitie, dlied of ptieuiiionitt at WeVlst Union, Virginia, May 12, 186",. Joiln B. Kelley, missing att Cross Keys, Virgiriria, Jtitie 8,1862;. I'eter Romliser, killed oil picket at Sene-cit F'ord of Clieat River, Sept. 25, 1863. Marvin Annis, dliecl of consumptioil at L'omfi-et, Now Yorlk, Novr. 1), 186i3. Loanilmi H. WVebster, clied on b)oardl steaiiier "Newv York," M1arcli:24, 1864, eil route from City Puiiit, Virginlia, to Ai-iiiapolis, Matryl t-l(l. Comepan1y D. -Michael Lee, killed in slilimisli at SLaurel Forlk, W;\est Viilgirlia, Aulg. 18,1861. Willi;im. Elliins, died Aug. *20, 1861, of wo-Liids receivedI at Laurel F4ork Aug. 18, 1861. George Blatcl, died Oct. 20s,1861l, at Beverly. Job n. L. Ileist, kiilled at Alleghleny Mounlltalin, Virgrinia, Dec. 13, 1861. Hetiry Nolte, died April, 1-3,'186:R, on (Che(t iMoulltain1 Suiiiiiiit. Ira (,hlase, killed at 13ull Rulli, Aug. *29, 1862. Jainles Quest, killedi at Bull ITuii, AugCr. 29,1862. Willi;tm. Hoyer, died Aug. 30),1862, of wvoiiii(s received at Biill Ruii Aug. 29, 1862. Cliarles Saiids, died Sept. 18, 1862, of woiirnds received at Bull Riiii Aug. *29, 186z. Joliti Stilly, died Sep)t.3j0, 1863, of' wounlds recebived at 13uill lAun Aug. 2'9,1862Janiles MceAleei-, died Aug,. 28,186t3 of' woiiii(ds rece,iveda It lockiy Gap Avug. 26, S6-2. Samluel Kay, died Ailg, 28,186'3, of \vounlds recoi-vecl at Rocky Gap Au,,. 26,1863. Aiidrew Beriiard, kiilled at Droop tilountaiii, Nov. 5, 186:3. St.-inliled Bo'wden, killed at Droop) Mounllttin, Nov. 6, 186;3. EdwaUrd Doyrle, killeda.t Droop Mount.ain, Nov. 5,'1_8G63. WTilliami L. Htighey, killed at Droop Mounltain, Nov. 5, 1863. coinbpan:y. Thiom-as Stevens, died of wounds receivecl alt Beverly, Atig. 20, 1861. Bernatrd CJaini, died of fluix at Bevei-ly, Aug,. 27, 1861. J.tmes Stewart, diedl J-tn. l() 1862, of wotin(is rece vedl at Camp Allegheny. Fi-aiik Bannan, (lied of l'ung, disease at Clieat Moulllt.tin Pass, Jan. *'91 186G2. Jaiines A. (Gar(llier, Ikille(l at W\aterloo Bridlge, Aiig. 25, 1862. Johii M1urry, Ikilled at B3till Riiii, Virginia, Aulg. 29, 1862. Peter Cassidy, Iiilled at Biill Ruii, Vi-giiiia, Aug. 2 3, 186;2. Alexa;nder- Dullln, killed at Bull Run, Virginia, Aug. 29, 1862). William WV. Cariiey, killed att Rockvy G.lcp, Vil:ginlia, Aug. 27, 1863. Heiiry Burtis, died 1rom- effects of a f'all in hospital.at P'kttsburg,h, Pennsy lvania, Feb. 24, 18654. Jarties Glass, kille-d.at Fa'.irview, Malrylandc, Mi rchi 183, 1864. Aiiibrose J. Biiig, died of disease coiiti-acted wvhile pi-isonei- of wvar, Fel). 2, 1864. MichaXel Loughran, died of' disea.se' contractedi while p)risoner of war, Feb. 2, 1861. Darliel McCay, died of pneum-oijia inl hospital at Parkersb)urg, April 27, 1864i. F'IRST REGIMIIENT WEST VIRGIiNIA ARTILLERY. Camxpanly G. Albert Kincaid], killed at Bull Rtin, Aulg. 30,1862*. S;ainuel Lessig, killedi at Ro)cky Gap, Viiginiat, Aug. 26,1863. Jolin 3Ioan, died aceidieritally. on railroad at Bralgoplort, Virginia, April 25, 1861. Alex. McKRenzie, killedi at New Market, TNLt, 15, 1861. Freder ick Rowve, (lied of *vounds receivedi at Ro,cky G.ip, Oct. 8, IF63. Thomnas Walsh, dieed of clysetitery, Sept. 1, 1861, at B3eyerly, West Yirgin1ia. FIFTY-SEBVENTH REGIM1ENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNETSERS. Compnpey C. M1ilton L. Campbjell, killed att Cliancellorsville, M.y:3, 1863. Georgwe G. 1'orter, died att Satvannahl, Ge orgi;t, Nov. l, 1864. Franlk Greg, died Atig. 28, i864, ot' wouii(ds; buriedl inl Nattional Cellnetery, Arlin-ton, Virg-inia. Heiiry Sclioll, died Aiig'. 26, 1864, of woulndls bulried.tt Phsiladelphia, Peinlsylvacnia. Geora-,e W. Ksimtiiell, died awt Petersb)urg, Virginia, Jan1. 8, 1865. WVilliai- lMcMahtlan, diecl, (latte tilnknowii. Johln Kiootice, I,ille(l iltie ation, d(ite unknown. Peter Boise, died at Richrllorxd, YJirgiriia, Feb). 20S 1864. Sniith Byerly, died at Batltimorle 31arylatid, Feb. 28, 1865. Ro)bert W. Bell, died Dec. 28, 1868. Willi.till H. Coplp, died Jatn. 7, 1865; biiried itl Nationa.l Cemetery, Arlingtoti, Vir-ginia,. Geoi-ge Datvison, died at Ander-sonville, Georgia, Aiig. 123, 1861; gi-ave 5131. O)livei, Diclisoii, died, d.te tinkn-owvn. Samn-uel W. Dunrhamn, (lied of wtounds receivedi at Fredericksburg, Virgiiiia, Dec, 13,18G'2. Joliti C. DownJing, killed;t Gettysburg, Jtlly, 186G'. Josi.h Edeb)urn, died att Richn-ondt, Virginiat, date, unknown. Challlles Fe llmel, died, da.te u nknownl. O)liver Freelaiid, dlied, (hite unklnown. Jalmes Glass, ksil led at Wildernless, Virlgi nia, Macy 6, 18fi4 Da.vid Hatrps, *lied near 1iffliin, Perlnsylvaniai, Aplril 8, 18fi4. Artliur I-urley, *lied, cdate iitrlktiown. N. Hollibti-ligl, diedi at Andersonville, Georgia, Ju-ly 2, 1861- grave 27S6. Jolin II. Jatlllison, died of woiiilds, Juiie 246,1861; bI)ul-ied at CAty Point, Vir-iiiia. Samiiel Jolhns, died of wounIds, MIay 12, 1864. Geoi-ge Keller, died May 18, 1961. D. Monnlj-i;n, diet], datte unlinoNvn. John It. McConnell, died Maly 16;, 1864; bI)ried at Alexandlria, Virginia; gr-ave 1888. A. S. Tliompsorl, kiillecl at Wilderness, Virginiat, Ma.y 5, 1861. Hirain Thomapson, died aIt Alldlersotiville, Geoi-gia, Jullle 10, 1864, gr-ave 1814. Henrly S. Wil8on,:lied MIay 28, 186; b)uried in. Nattionlal Ceiiietery, Arliilgtoil, Virginia. Coiiipany E. Edson J. Rice, Icilled at Chatncellorsville, MIay 3, 1863. Ed-rar Williams, dlie(l of wounds, Mt;y 2:3, 18(;4. Heiii-y 31itchell, killed apt Gettysburg, P'ennsylvafnia, Ju1lY 2, 1863. Jaiiies W. Burlns, killed att Sp)ottsyrlv.ania Couilt-Ilouse, Virginia, May 12, 1864. Johii Coleiiian, died of wounlds receivedl at Peter-sburg, Virgrinlia, alarchl 25, 18X5. S.innuel CSosgrove, died at C,ity Point, Vit giniat, June LG, 1864. Bii-aiii J. Dyke, died Jan. 21, 1865. Datvid M. EJlderkii, killed at Petezrsbulrg, Virginia,s June 18, 1864. Abrami- Giles, k;illedi at Wilderness, Viilgittia, Ma;y 6, 1864. Moses W. Gregg, Iiilled at Sp)ottsylvanlia Court-lioiise, Mfay 12,1864. Edwardi J. O'Cotitior, died at Phlid.felphlia, Pennisylvaiiia, 3Tarch. 2l 2, 1865. Alb)eit L. Peeki, (liedl at Andersonlville, Georgi.i,.Ma,rcb 8, 1864. George W. Rifenberg, kiilledaft Wilderness, V'irgfinia, M;iy 5,1864. Liiies D. Richar-ds, died iieat- Ileter.sburg, Virginlia, Sept. 1), 1864.'''Holcrace Sweet, died att Ailidersotiville, Geor-gia,, Jtliiy 1() 18'i4; grave 3113. Ljevi Shreves, died Juine 1, of wvoiidi(s r eceived at Wil(lel ness BI ty 6, 114. Perry H. Tillotson, kvillesd att Wildernless, Virginiat, Maty F5,.1864. Edward T.trniati, diedI at Anldersonville, Geoi-gia, Aug. 19,1864; grave 6314. SIXTIETH REGIMENT-THIRD CAVALRY. CoTnpatny G. William Wallalce, killed near Richmond, Virginia, June 24,1]864. Harry B. GErublb, diedi at Fort Corcot-an, Virgiiiia, April, S),186i2. David Dill, died, date uiilinown, of woulnds receeived at New Hlope ClTiiireli, Virginlia, Nov. 27, 1863,;' 1. IlcCu11llough, diedi Dec. t3, 18Jo2, of wvoiiiids receivedi at Hartwood C}hurch, Virgiiiia, Nov. 26i, 186;2. William Speck, died Sept. 15, 1861- bulrial record, Oct. 16, 1861; buried inl Militarly Asyltiml Cemletery, D. C. Alexander Wadlow, died at City Poiiit, Virginia, Jtily 24,18G4. SIXTY-FRIRST RtEGIMENT. - Comnpany B. Less is RLedenbackc died at B.iltitnore, Md., Sep4t. 8,1864, of wolnd's recefved at. Ciiarlest'OWD, YTa., Aulg:21,'1864. W'illiam Scott, Icilledi at Fait- Oakls, M.ay 31, 1862) Piiilip Vo3elp, died, date iinkinowvn. Williatm Laiighlin, ltil led at Fort Stevens, District of C:oltimbia, July 12, 1864. Henry Schimerlker, Ikille(l:tt Fisl-ier's Hill, Vit-giilia, Seput. 22, 1864. Jatcob Wentz, die(i at W Itsliington, District of Coltimbia, Oct. 3() 1864. MIatthew Slhaw, died I'vay 8, of wounds recei'ved at Willderness, Virginia, Mlay 6; 186le Jacob Bnrlkljardlt, died at Aridersonville, G;eorgial, Sept. 24,1l86 - Chi-istop)her Batrtch, (lied at Philadelp)hia, P'ennsylvania, Jtine 9, 1862 - W. Banlis, died May 16S, 1861; bur-ied in National Cemetery, Arlington, Vii-ginia, Anadrew Leddy, die~d May3 8, of wounlds received att*'Wildertiess Mlay. 6,f186;4 F lRedei-ick Pintber, died at Alexandrlia, Vii-ginia, Jiitie 1:3,186i4;'grave 20)15. Christian Riesiier, diedI Feb. 11, 1861; bulried inl Military Asyllim Cemnetery, D. a. O. H. I'. Schroder, died August 1, of wounds received at Wildernless, Yirgiiiia, May 6, 1864; burtied In National Cenietery, Arlingtoii, Virginia. Daiiiel Spauggy, dr-owned at Fortreas M1onroe, Virginia, Mlay 15, 1865. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.Robert C. 31yers, killed at Gaiiies's 3fill, Vir-inia, June 27, 1862. Robert Otterson, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1862. Jaines O'Doniiell, kille(I at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Joseph Stierran, Iiiiieci at Gettysburg, Pa., JLily 2, 1863; buried in National Cemetery, section C, grave 30. Christian Swati, died itt Baltitnore, TAlaryland, Aug. 25, 1862, of wounds. Jolin E. Savage, died at Richinond, Virginia, July 10, 1862. John G. Thomas, died Mtty l'o, 1864, of wounds received in action. Company 0. Walter 11. Beeson, died at Richmond, Virginia, Jtily 10, of wounds received at illalvet-n Hill July 1, 1862. Jacob 31yers, died July9, of wouiids received atGettysburg.. Pa., July 2, 1863; buried at National Cemetery, section C, grave, 29. Jaiiies F. Bul Iiiiger, died May 24, of wounds received at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863; buried in Military Asyluni Cemetery, Washington, District of Colunibia. Samuel H. Barries, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1863. rSoloniott Boyci, died Oct. 2, 1861. Thomas Bell, died October 10, 1862, of wouitds received at 31alvern Hill July 1, 1862. Joliii C. Bortmass, killed at Spottsylvania Court-Hotise, May 12, 1864:. Stephen Conner. died May, 1862.'Williaiii Chapman, died Oct. 13, 1861. Williaiii J. Fawcett, killed at IVialvern Hill, Virginia, July 1, 1862. Matthias Fisher, died Sept. 6, 1861. Ciiiie Foi-ce, died lvlay 19, of woutids received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864; buried in Natiorial Ceiiietery, Arlington, Virginia. Joiiii T. Groves, died Dec. 24, of woiinds received at Fredericksburg, Ya., Dec. 13, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, Wasliiiigtori, District of Columbia. Fergus HLitchison, died Ma3,13, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Coiirt-House, Yii-ginia, May 12, 1864. David W. Lefease, killed at Wllderness, Virgiiiia, May 5, 1864; buried in Wilderness burial-grounds. Jacob IIyers, died July 19, of wotin(is received at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863. Christian J. Meurer, died May 21, of wounds received at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1861. Williaiii McCoy, killed accideiitally at Cairo, Illinois, May, 1862. William Powers, killedat Gaines's 31ill, Virgiiiia, Jtine 27, 1862. Samtiel Ruth, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 8, 1864. Tliotiias Ttiomason, died Juile 5,1861, of wouuds received at Wilderness, Va.; buried in Nat. Cem., Arlin-ton. Cogit_pany Samuel M. Adams, died June 4, of ivounds received at Cold I-larbor, Virginia, June 3,1864. Israel P. Haltz, died at Washiijgton, District of Columbia, Sept.. 8, 1861. Charles Cocliran, Iiilled at Gaitieg's Mill, Virginia, Jiine 27, 1862. Robert M. Lotig, died at Fitlm uth, Virginia, Dec. 24, 1862..Jaines L. Graham, died; date unktiowii. William H. Contier, kille(i at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jtine 3, 1864. John T. Fi-eeman, died of wounds received at Gettysbur-, Pa., July 2, 1863; burial record, died June 25, 1864, at City Poiiit, Virginia. William Clemenston, died near Licking Rtin, Virginia, Dec. 22, 1863- buried in National Cometery, Arlington, Virginia, block 2, sectioii E, row 6, grave 76. Williain Coxen, Iiilled at Wilderness, May 5, 1861; buried in'Wilderness burial-grounds. Joliii B. Drake, died at David's Island, New York, of wounds received at Malvern Hill July 1, 1862; buried in Cypress I-litl Cemetery, Long Island. James Diinnigan, die(i May 24, 1862; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island. Thomas DaN,is, Ir-illed at Noutt-i Anna River, Virgiiiia, May 23, 1864. Charles Evans, killed at Malvern Hill, Vit-giiiia, July 1, 1862. James 1NI. Foreman, died at Georo-etown, District of Columbia, Oct. 15, 1861. James E. Fife, (lied at Falmouth, Virgiiiia, Dec. 18, 1862. Benjamin F. Gray, killed at Gaines'sMill, Virginia, Jutie 27, 1862. Joliti Hays, died Nov. 21, 1861 -, buried in 31ilitary Asyltini Cemetery, District of Columbia.. H. 0. Hailmati, died Dec. 1, 1861. William H. Ha-stiiigs, killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 3, 1864. Richard Londiiian, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863; buried in National Cenietery, sec. tion D, grave 78. Daniel Plumer, died at Minor's Hill,'Virginia, Oct. 24, 1861. - Cyt-us Plumer, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, J.uly 2, 1863. Moses Ryan, died at YorktoNvii, Virgiiiia, INlay 5, 1862. Conzpany K. Josiah P. Mouck, killed at Gettysbiirg, Pennsylvaiiia, July 2, 1863. T11omas Cantield, died at Fortress Monroe, Ilirginia. Date iiijknown. Harvey L. Cootice, died Dec. 9, 1861; buried in Mil:tary Asylum Cenietery, District of Columbia. George Crawford, killed at Spottsylvania Court-flouse, Virgiriia, May 12, 1864. Joshua Fox, killed at Gaiiies's Mill,Virginia, June 27, 1862. Jolin Gross, died at Andersonville, Georgia., Aug. 14, 1864; grave 5655. Williain Inman, died Nov. 25, 1861. Williani Keefer, died Jan. 14, 1864. Frederick illiiieliart, died at Alexandria, Virginia, Dec. 27, 1862; grave 641. Robert McCliessney, died Oct. 12, 1861. Nathan Oitlieimer, killed at Harrison's Landing, Aug. 1, 1862. Robert Rollisoii, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virgiiiia, Jiine 27, 1862. James Tracey, killed at Malvern Hill, Virgiiiia, July 2,1863. Carr Tl-tixall, died July 1.3, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arliiigton, Virginia. Jesse Uperaft, died at Pliiiadelphia, Peiiiisylvaiiia, Juiie 8, 1864. Robert Whitaker, died at Annapolis, Maryland, Dec. 5, 1861. Robert Wilby, died Aug., 1862, of wotinds received at 31alvern Hill, Jtily, 1862. Cyrus Worhman, died Aug. 1, 1862, of wounds received at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, Jiine 27,1862. Silas Wi-iglit, died May 28, 1861, of wotin(is received at Spottsylvania Court-Ilouse, Virginia, 3lay 12, 1861; buried in National Cemetery, Ai-lington, Virginia. Frederick Weitmati, died June 21, 1864; btiried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Comp(tny L. J. E. Cunningham, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Samuel Tliursby, killed at Malvern Hill, Virginia, July 1, 1862. Geot-ge Works,. killed in action, May 15, 1864. Peter Mooder, died at Richmoiid, Virginia, of wounds received at Malvern Hill July 1, 1862. Geor-e, Bonsliire, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Jeremiali Corsin, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Abastie Cowen, killed at Spottsylvaiiia Court-House, Virginia, May 12, 1864. George Haas, killed; date unknown. Joliii Ha-et-, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, 3lay 5, 1864; buried in the Wilderness burial-grounds. INIelcher Kiiiim, died at Birniingliam, Pennsylvai-iia. Date unknown. George Lutz, killed at Malvern Hill, Virginia, July 1, 1862. Jacob Mack, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virginia., June 27, 1862. John 1NIatliers, killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; buried in National Cemetery, section D, grave 80. George lvlclntosh, killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; buried in National Cemetery, section 1), grave 81. Jacob Rich, killed at Gaines's 31ill, June 27, 1862. Johri Thursby, killed at Malvern Hill, Virgiiiia, July 1, 1862. Ilenry C. Tittel, killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. John Wehmer, died at Georgetown, District of Columbia, Oct. 1, 1861. Adani Youiig, died at Ilall's Hill, Virgiiiia, Oct. 1, 1861. SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 0-1.nol AI,-zn.nf1Pr T-Tavs- Icilled atWilderness. Virainia, May 5, 1863. Co mp any A. William A. Smith, killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3,1863. Jolin McCutcheon, killed at Fair Oaks, Vir-inia, May 31, 1862. Robert Murray, killed at Wilderness, May, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, City Point, Virginia, section D, division 1, grave 12 T. Janies Miller, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 6,1861. David Bui-key, died at Fait- Oaks, Virgiiiia, June 24,1862. W. H. Berelier, killed inaction, May 23, 1864. F. Deal, died at Andei-sonville, Georgia, Aug. 17,1864; grave 6017. John H. Dempsey, died at Rieliniond, Vir-iiiia, Jiily 10, of wounds received at Wilderness May 6,1864. Rezekiah Ci-aig, died at Fair Otl,,s, Virginia, June 23, 1862..E. N. Funk, Iiilted in action, May 23, 1864. Henry T. Gaterinan, died at Philadelpliia, Pennsylvania, Aug. 24, 1862. Clirist Haltzliouse, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Sept. 18, 1864 grave 9123. James Hutton, died at Fair Oaks, Virginia, Juiie 7, 1862. Jolin H. Holly, died May 24, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1864. Robert J. Lititon, Icilled at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. J. W. Leecii, killed at Wilderness, Virgii-iia, May 6,1864. John Lelimire, died Nov. 8, 1862; but-ied in Nilitary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. David B. Lud%vick, killed at Nelson's Farm, Virginia,June 30, 1862. Aaron Linderli-ian, died DQc. 15, of wounds received Nov. 26, 1863; buried at Alexandria, Virginia, grave 1198. Natbaniel Lowry, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia,, 3lay 31,1862. Aiidi-ew Miller, killed at Chancellorsville, Vii-ginia, May 3, 1'803.'Rattliew Millei-, died at Yorktown, Vit-ginia, Jtine 2,1862. James Maxwell, killed at Fair Oaks, Virgi-riia., May,31, 1862. Satn"el McNeal, killedat'Petersburg, Virginia, Jtine 22, 1864. William J. McClelland, Iiilled at Petersburg, Virginia, Jtiiie 16,1864. Jolin McCune, died at Annapolis, Maryland, May 6, 1862. Ilugh Wallace, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, lklay 6,1861. Geoi-ge R. Walker, killed at Wilderness, Virgiiiia. William Waldemeyer, killed Oct. 7,1864; buried in Natiorial Cemetery, Arlington, Vir(yinia. Company C. W. 0. H. Robinson, killed at Wilderness, Virgiiiia, lVlay 6,1861. Charles H. Rhodes, died of wounds, July 25, 1862. Jaiiies W. Prophater, died of woun(is, Al-igust 31, 1861. Andrew J. StArrett, died Au-iist 6, 1862.. Henry Al. Sn'are, dicd.3,1ay 12,1863; but-ied in Military Asylum Cernetery, D. C. Ision Antill, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Oct. 28, 186-1; grave 11,607. S. A. Braoly, liillecl at Wilderne-;s, Virginia; btiried in Wilderness burial-grouiids. Josepl-i A. Coliiian, kille(I acci(lentally, Jiiiie., 1865. H Fitcli, died Alay 10, 186 1; bLiried irt Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. William Gether, killed at Petersburg, Virginia. L. Graw, died at Millen, Geoi-gia. Date unlinown. James Milligan, died at Andersoiiville, Georgia, 1fay 22, 1864; grave 1287. Rtidolph iNlicliael, died May 12,1863; bLiried in 31ilitat-y Asylum Ceiiic-tery, D. C. Jaines O'Donnell, died at Richitioiid, Virginia, 31arch 20, 186 t. William Swain, (lied at Richmond, Yirginia, Alai-ch 23, 1861. Jolin Sharp, killed at Wildernes-4, date iinlinowti; buried in Wilderness burial-groun(Is. Henry F. bliields, died at Portsiiioutii, Virgiiiia, July 3, 1862. Comptiny E. John Barrett, killed at Codar Creek, Vir-inia, Oct. 19, 186-1. Geor,,-e F. ffitrper, died of wounds, May 18, 1863. Cliarles W. Leslie, died Nov. 24,1861. Janies 0. Little. killed at Fidier's Hill Vit-ginia, Sept. 21, 1864. Peter D. Hipsle', killed at Cedar Creek, -Virginia, Oct. 19, 1864. William Cliitiitler, died Sept. 18, 1862; btirie(i in Military Asylum Cetiietery, D. C. Jaiiies Clark, die(i May 10, 1862; biiried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Lolig Island. James O'Donnell, died at Rielinioiid, Virginia. Pate unknown. C. Shonbergei-, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Date unknown. Lebias A. Sliaii, died Feb. 14,1862. Williani Si,"Ier, died at Pliiladelphia, Pennsylvania, Au-ust 17, 1862. Levi Tliorpe, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, August 31, 1864; grave 7409. Robert Tlioi-iiton, died Dec. 17, 1861. Jolin Wolf, died Jtily 1, 1862; buried in Cypress Hill Ceiiietery, Long Island. Company F. John Aughenbaugb, died at Pliiiadelphia, PeDnsylvania, Jan. 30,1864. John R. Benedict, died June 17,1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Oliver Brooks, die(I July 11, 1862, of woiinds received at Fair Oaks, Vii-ginia, Iffity 31, 1862. Jonathan Baker, die(i Jtine 30, 18 -62, of wounds received in action. John R. Bendy, killedat lAalvern Hill, Virginia, Jiily 1, 1862. Thoinas Brieeland, (lied at Washington, D. C., IViarel-i 9.1862; bui-ied in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Edward A. (iotter, killed at Fair Oalis, Virgiiiia, May 31, 1862. Adam Eberhart, killed at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, 3lay 31, 1862. Adam Hostetler, burial recorcl, (lied June, 22, 1865; biii-ied at Alexandria, Vir-inia; grave 3253. Jolin Hanson, die(I Jtine 8, 1,-62, of wotinds i-eceived at Fair Oaks lVlay 31; bui-ied in. Foi-tress 31onroe. Detrick Krua, kille(i at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, May 31, 1862. James Long, kille(I accidentally, Dec. 24, 1864. Jolin Little, (lieci at Wliite Hoiise, Virgiiiia, June 11, of wounds received at Fair Oaks May 31, 1862. Johii Mangu,,, killed at Fair Oaks, Vir-inia, May 31, 1862. James 31cCullough, died May 7, 1864, of wound8 i-eceived at Wilderness May 6, 1864. J. E. 3icKilliip, died at Richniond, Yirginia, Jtily 14,1862, of wotiii(is i-eceived at Fair Oaks)lay 31, 1862. Geor-e O'Brien, died at Ricliinoiid, Vii-ginia, July 5, of wounds received at Fair Oaks illay 31, 1862. John Oakes, (lied Nov. 11, 1861. Alfred Rawlings, killed at Fitir Oalis, Virginia, May 31,1862. David Swiiidles, died May 13,1864, of wotiti(is received at Spottsylvania Coiirt-House, Yirginia,311ay 12. Geoi-ge, Spi-out, killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 11862. Jos -ph Seville, died May 6, of wounds received at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Thomas Silk, died at Ri(:hnioiid, Virginia, of wounds receivedat Fiiit- Oaks i-vlity 31, 1862. Lea W. Steveiis, diect Aug. 23, 1864; buried in National Ceinetery, Arlington, Virginia. 31ichael Tobin, die,1 Jaii. 24,1863; btirieci in Cypress Hill Ceiiietery, Long Island. Charles Weston, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirginia, May 31,1862. John Walker, IKilled at Fair 0 tks, Vii-giiiia, 1Uay.31, 1862. William Walker, killed at F-tir Oitks, Virginiit, Alay 31, 1862. Weiidell Wolfgang, diedDec. 1, 1861. New Com.pany H. William B. Boyle, died at Danville, Virginia, May 20, 1865. Isaac W. Davis, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, April 2,1865. SamLiel Gardner, died of wouti(is, April 27, 1865; buriect in National Cemetery, Arlii-igton, Yir-inia. William Shields, killed at Petersbtirg, Vit-ginia, April 2, 1865. Chr.stophur Wolf, died of wouiids at Annapolis, 31ai-yland, May 30,1865. New Company L Robert Redpatli, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 31ity 21, 1865. Cyrtis Whitsel, diedat BL-ii-ksville, Vii-ginia, April 14, 1865. Coyapany K. Joseph Gerard, killed at Fair Oiks, Virginia., May 31,1862. Jacob Wentz, (lied Oct. 30, 1864; buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery, YorIK, Pennsylvania. T. J. Barr, diedat Andersonville, Georgia, Jtine 20, 1861; gi-ave 2226. Andrew Eye, died Jun(i 15, 1862; btit-iett in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island. J. K. Lewis, diedat Richniond, Virginia, 1'eb. 20,1861. Clittrles Selim'idt, (lied Dec. 7, 1861. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT. Colonel Samuel W. Black, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27,1862. Com.pany A. James C. Htill, died May 22,1864, of wouncis received at Laurel Hill, Virginia. James Bi-own, (lied Jtily 28, or woiinds receivecl at Gettysburg, Peniisylvania, July 2, 1863. William Boyd, died at IN11nor's Hill, Vii-giyiia, Dec. 25,1861. Thomas C. Harper, diedat iNiiiior's flill, Virginia, Dec. 25, 1861. Jacob B. Ftiiik, died'T6ay 24, 186 ; buried in National Cometery, Arlington, Virginia. J,an-ies K. P. Boyet-, died Nov. 23, 1861; baried in Military Asylum Cemetery, District of Colum1da. Edwitrd Campbell, died at Hall's Hill, Vir-inia, Oct. 6, 1861. Joseph Frew, died at Georgetowii, Disti-ict of Columbia, Oct. 16,1861. Josepli tioltijes, died at Geoi-getoNvii, Disti-ict of Columbia, Oct. 14,1661. John Ray, died at 31inoi-'s Hill, Virginia, Oct. 24,1861. Thonias R. Woods, killed at Gettysburg; buried in National Cemetery, section D, grave 79. Company B. John Hoffman, died Dec. 15,1861. Thomas, D. Joiies, killed at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Dailiel B)rrett, killed at Ft-edei-iclisbur, Virginia, Doc. 13, 1862. Saiiiuel Dowtis, died Oct. 3,1861. John R. Grecii, (lit-d Feb. 27, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, District of Coliimbia. Lorenz Heaver, died at Rielimoiid, Yir-inia. Date uiiknown. Hent-y Hoop, died; date unknown. 0. 3icKee Kennedy, killed at Fredericksburg, Vir-inia, Dec. 13, 1862. Ciiarles Larkin'killed at Spottsylvania, Court-Hotise, Mzty 12, 1861. G. W. T. Levake, died Dec., 1862. Christ. Moleter, died May 31, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Jolin Motitgomery, killed at Gaines's 51ill, Vir-iiiia, June 27, 1862. Jacob Stiyder, died Oct. 18, 1861. lvlattliew Sanlrcey, died at Hall's Hill, Virginia. Date unknown. Jolin Wagner, dled at Annapolis, Maryland, Matcli 19, 1865. Frederick Winkle, killed at Gaines's IVILill, Jun6 27, 1862. Com (iny F. William S. Hill, died'of woiinds, Jiine 5,1864. Williaii-i fl. Shaffer, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863. Jacob Buiiey, died of Nvoun(is at Washitigtoii, District of Coluinbia, July 21, 1862; b-uried in Military Asylum CenieterY, District of Columbia. Edwai-d Bi-owit, died at Richmond, Virginia, Jtily 1, 1862. Henry Byi-nes, killed at Gaines's.Mill, Jutie 27, 1862. Samtiel H. Clark, killed at Wildernes, Virgiiiia, May 5,1864; buried in Wil(lerness burial-grounds. Josepli Devlin, died Jan. 8, 1862; bui-led in Military Asylum Ceinietery, District of Colunibia. William H. Durin, killed at Getty,burg, Pa., July 2, 1863; buried in National Cem'y., section D, grave 76. Robert Ti-iiiitrock, Iiilled at Gaines's Mill, Virginia, June 27, 1862. Jolin A. Hamnier, died at Sliarpsburg, Maryland, Oct. 25,1862. Artlitir Kay, d'ied at Falmouth, Virginia, Dec. 16, 18(32, of wotinds. Saniuel,M. Little, killed at Gettysburg, Pa., Ju'ly 2,.1863,; buried in National Cotn'y, section D, grave 75. John Leasure, dbd of -,Ounds Jtine 15, 1864; bui-ied in Cypress 11ill Ceiiietery, L. 1. Wiliiani ff. Lewis, killed in gun-boat service oii. Mississippi River. Date unkliown. Darby Murphy, died of wotinds, Ja-n. 5, 1863; buried in. Military Asylum Cemetery, District of Columbia. 233 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.Jolin 1NIcTaggart, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, lNlay 31,1862. S,;nitiel Painter, died at Anderson-ville, Georgia, July 17, 1864; gra-ve 3445. DzLvi(I Parry, died Feb. 4, 1863. Fi-edei-icli Salludy, killed at Fair Oakq, Yirgiiiia, May 31, 1862. Ilari-y Shafer, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirginia, May 31, 1862. Ft-ederick Sliillirig, Iiilled at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. Joseph 1NI. Tlionipson, Iiilled iiear Yorktown, Alii-ginia, April 11, 1862. Joliiiston Wilson, Iiilled at Fair Oaks, Yirgiriia, May 31, 1862. Josepli Youii-, died at Chesapeake 1-lospital, 1862. Yost Yen-IDY, clied; date uiiktiowii. Compaiiy B. Williani S. Kirkwood, died Jiine 28, 1863, of wouii(Is recei-ved at Chancellorsville, YirgiDht, 3lay 3. Tiiii. L. iNlaytiard, killed at Kelly's Ford, llii-giiiia, Nov. 8, 186-1). DaN,id A. Stracliaii, died June 6, 1864, of ivouiids received at Cold Ilai-bor; buried in National Ceiiietery, Arlington. (11. -.1NI. Supple, clied at Aiiclersonville, Georgia, Sept. 25, 1864; graye 9742. Aiiei, B. Iltill, died'May 27, 1864; btii-iod in National Ceiiietery, Arlington, Virginia. Aii(Irew P. McC eary, died of -wounds received at Gettysburg, Peiinsylvailia; buried in National Cemetery, sectioii D, gi-ave 63. Conzpany C. Ileiiry Hiirst, killeci at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May'01, 1862. 31ilo iNI. Boyle, Iiilled at Cliancellorsville- Yirginia, May 3, 1863. Fiank L. Graham, clied Atig. 15, 1863, of wouticis; bui-ied in Military Asylun-1 Cemetery, D. C. Matthew Stiolie, died, date unkno-,vn. John Stoiie, Iiilled at Bull Run, Yirginia, Aug. 29, 1862; buried in Natioiial Ceinetery, Arlington, block 2, section E, row 15, gi-ave 63. IN'illiaiii H. Patterson, (lie(I July 9, 1862. Williaii-i 13liss, died Sept. 29, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cenietery, D. C. Lulie Chapn-ian, died Oct. 20, 1862. Tlioliias Dimond, died Jan. 22, 1863. Henry E. Da-vis, dieci at Annapolis, Maryland, Jtine 11, 1864. Jogeph M. 1-foops, Iiillect in action, J-Li-ne 22, 1864. Jan,ies 11. Hays, Iiilled at Eair Oaks, Virgiiiia, INlay 31, 1862. Peter Jacobs, died Dec. 6, 1863. Jollyi C. F. Keys, (liecl Dec. 6, 1863; bui-iocl in iNlilitary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Ditniel INliller, diecl Jan. 18, 1864. Cliarles IIT. Miller, Iiille(i in action, Jtine 20, 1864. Ilugli Scott, dieci Dec. 13, 1862. Jolin SImpe, died at Philadelpliia, Peiiiisylvania, July 16,1.864. Chas. W. Vanpult, killed at SpoLtsylvailia Court-House, May 12,1864; buried in Wilderness bui-ial-groiind. Covq)any D. Williani J. Thonipson, lz-illed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1863. NITilli,1111 Bawdev, died Juiie 12, ot' wounds received at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863; buried in Military Asyltiiii Cemetery 1). C. James Babcock, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Lyman L. Browii, lz-illed at Wilderiiess, Yir-inia, May 5, 1861. Jaiiies Casey, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31,1861. Joliii Craig, kille(i at Wilderness, Vi i,ginia, May I5, 1864. MeEiven Doran, die(I at Andersonville, Georgia, May 11, 1864; grave 1020. James Fowler, nmrdez,ed in Washiiigton, D. C., Dec. 10, 1862. Jolin C. Gray, diect May 21, of wounds i-eceived at Cliancellorsville May 3, 1863; buried in Military Asylun-i. Cemetery, D.C. lVilliain Iiisei-, (lieti iiear Yorltown, Yirginia,'31ay 3,1862. Jaines Moore, liilled at Wilderne,;s, Vii-ginia, May 5, 1861. Blaiisfield B. Mason, J61led at Wildertiess, Yii-giiiia, May 5, 1864. All. 31. McGranaliati, die(i 3'lay 30, 1863, of wounds received in action. Jaiiies 1NIcAclaiiis, died Dec. I'A, 1862, of wotitids reec-ived at 13ull It-un. Jitnies C. McLain, Iiillucl at Btill Itun, Yirgiiiia, Aiig. 29, 1862. Nartin N. Taylor, (lied May 14, of ivouiids received'a-t Chancellorsville, Virginia, 3lay 3, 1863. Alexazi(ler S. Park, died at Philadelphia, Peiiiia., Auo-. 9, 1862, of wounds i-eceived at NLelson's Farm, Ya. 1NIieliael Purcell, liille(i at Bull I'tuii, Atig. 29, 1862. J(din Rosenbei-ger, (lied at Catlett's Statioii, Virginia, Nov. 5, 1863. William Tate, killed at Chancellorsville, Yirgiiiia, INlay 3, 1863. Stephen 31. Yauglin, died of wounds at Cai-iip Jolinstoii, Vir-iDia, Nov. 23, 1861. C'binj)(o2y E. Williaii-i J.'Lqarkg, diecl of -wo-unds, Sept. 11, 1862. Allilliaiii J. McClaran, died Juiie 6, of Wounds receiyed at Wilclei-ness, lii-ginia, May 5,1864. F. J. Coates, died Jiiiie 9, of womids received at Fair Oaks, Vil-giiiia, May;A, 1862. Will:ain B. AVIiitfleld, (iied at RiChnl(Ald, Vil-giDia, Jilly,19, 1862. David 1). -31aliaffey, died Juiie 19, 1864, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virgiiiia; buried iiear Mead Statioii, Virginia. Davict Stoup, clied at Gettysburg, Perina., Jtily, 1863; buried in National Cei-iletery, seetion A, grave 72. Cornelius NV. Miller, Iiille(I at Charles City Cross-Roads, Alirgiiiia, June 30, 1862. Josepli Ahart, died at Yorktown, Viro-iiiia, INlay 16, 1862. Robert Ailwn, killei at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May "It, 1862. llobert J. Black, dietl at Yorktown, Va., iNla), 6, 1862; buried in National Ceilletet,y, sectioii C, grave 307. Sainuel Beiiiiett, Iiilled at Petersburg, Virginia, Jiine 16, 1861. J,,seph Beynon, died at Fair Oaks, Yir-inia, June 1, 1862. Joliii A. Emerick, die(i at R-chniond, Air-iiiia. Date uiikiaowii. John Fleiiiing, died Jiily 16, of wouiids received at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, ilay 31, 1862. Joliii B. Foi,d, kille(I JLine 25, 1862. Tlioiiias Ilaiii-ia, diedat Portsi-iioutli Grove, Rliode Islalici, illarch 23, 1863. Joliii Huggins, clied July 19, 1862; btiried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Lon-- Island. Henry H. Keenan, (liecl at Andensonville, Georgia, Jtily 20, 1864; grave 3676. Joliii Kunselii-iaii, died at Ai-idersoiiville, Georgia, illat-cli 31., 1861; grave 266. Conrad fleese, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, Juiie 16, 186-11, Benjamin Patton, died Nov. 27, 1862. Lyclick Sii-iith, died at Rieliniotid, Vil-ginia, Dec. 29, 1863. Cwnpcozy G. Isaac Moorhead, kille(I at Petersburg, Virginia, June, 18,1864. S. Hays Coeliran, killed near Richmond, Vii-giiiia, Jtiiie 25, 1862. Geor-e A. Cool, clie(i Jiily 4, 1862, of wotinds i-eceived in actioil. lienjaniin H. Smith, 1,,illed at Cliancellors%-ille, Yii-giiiia, iNlay 3,1863. illattliew A. Rankin, Icille(i at Petersbtirg, -Virginia, June 16, 1864. Sinion Stitly, (iied at Fair Oalis, Alirginia, May 31, 1862. Tholuas Q. Martin, killed at N% ildei-ness, -vii-ginia, May 4, 1864. lVilliain J. Graham, died of wouticls, May 25, 1861. Jotiii Hassitiger, died at Wasliingtoij, 1). C., Dec. 25, 1862. Pliilip Hassinger, died iiear Alexandria, Virgiiiia, Oct. 25, 1861. William litystone, died Jtine 25, of wounds received at Petersburg, Vii-ginia, June 18, 1861. Siiiion Blystone, Iiilled at Wildertiess, Wrgiiiia, ill-Ity 6, 1861. David W. Coiii-siti. killectat Nelson's Fai-rii, Vir-inia, Jtine 30, 1862. Christian Dietii, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, -May 31, 1862. Cliarles Franee, killed at Fair Oaks,,-Virgiiiia, 31ay 31, 1862. Williani Frailey, Iiillecl at Fair OiLks, Vii-giiiia, May 31, 1862. IP11111111- V1.1- L-M-1.+ XV;1,1---- M-, 0, 1QP"i David R. Geoi-ge, killed at Nelson's Farm, Yit-ginia, Jtiiie 30,1862. Jacob Gardner, killed near Poliick Chtii-ch, Nov. 7, 1861. Heni-y lt. Gress, died at NOw Haven, Contiectictit, Jtily 3,1862, of wounds. Ralston I-loovei-, (lied at Baltiniore Cross-Roads,.Virginla, June 13, 1862. Joliii Kelly, Iilled at Cliancellorsville, Yirgiiiia, May 3,1863. Henry Klugli, died at Washingtoii, 1). C., Fel). 24,1864. William R. Keppel, killed at Wilderness, Vii-giiiia, May 5, 1864. Sanniel 31iilljei-ger, die(I Jiily 15, 1864; btiried in National Ceii-ietery, Arlington, Virginia. Cyrus J. Moore, killed near. Pohick (Ihiit-cli, Virginia, Mareli 0, 1862; buried at Alexandria; grave 1456. Aiidrow J. illoore, died May 15, 18641 of Nvoiin(Is received at WilderDeSS, Vir-inia. Jacob TIiller, died March 6, 1863, near Fahnouth, Virgiiiia. James S. Myers, killed at Wil(lertiess, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Robert B. McCoy, killed at Wildei-riess, Vii-ginia, May 5, 1864. Clark Neai-, killed at Wildei-ness, Virginia, May 5, 1864.,Htigh McConnell, killed atTair Oaks, Vir-inia May 31, 1862. Alex. RLipei't, (lied near Orange and Alexandria Railroad, Yij-ginia, April 1, 1864. David Shiery, died near Yorkto-,vn, Virginia, May 25, 1862; btiried in Citizens' grave-yard, Annapolis, Md. Andrew J. Smeltzer, died at Rielimond, Virginia. Date iinknown. Sol()mon Vensel, died at Yorktown, Vii-ginia, May 15, 1862. A. W. Wilhelm, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Nov. 11, 1862, of wounds. Com.pany Hugh B. Fulton, died Dee. 20, of woiinds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dee. 13, 1862. Daniel Dougherty, died June 19, of wounds received at Not-th Aiina Rivei-, Vii-ginia, May 23,1861. Will'iain Weeks, died May 19, of wouiids receive(I at Chaiicelloi-sville, Virginia, May 3, 1863. James McGee, killed at Wil(lerness, Vit-giiiia, May 6, 1864. Daiiiel Conolly, died Oct. 4, 1862.' John Andei-son, killed at North Anna River, Virginia, May 24, 1864. Franklin J. Adan-is, died Nov. 26, 1863; buried at Culpepper Court-House, Virginia, block 1, sectioii A, row 3, grave 100. Patrick Coniior, died at Ann apolis, Maryland, Nov. 27, 1864. lieni-y Cainpbell, died May 24, ot' wounds received at North Anna River, Yirginia, May 23,1864. Ricliard Cocliraiie, killed at Bull Run, Vit,g' i-lia, Aug. 29, 1862. Aii(Irew En-ierett, (lied at Chancelloi-sville, l'ii-gii-iia, May 3, 1863. Philip Fai-rell, died at Dispatcli Station, 1"irgiiiia, Jiiiie 3, 1862. Patrick Farrell, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirginia, May 31, 1862. Geoi-ge W. Fisliell, (lied near Faii- Oalis, Yirgiiiia, Juiie 28, 1862. Pliilip Gallaglier, died at N'ashingtoii, IL). C., Oct. 9, 1862, of wounds received at Bull Riin, Virgini'a, Aug. 29, 1862; burial record, Nov. 4, 1862, at Chestei,, Penrisylvania. Peter Gillespie, die(i at Chester, Pennsylvania, Sept. 4, 1862. Johi-i Hopkins, killed at Cliancelloi-.- N-ille, Viri-inia, May 3, 1863. Jolin Hill, died Sept. 10, 1862, of wouiids received at Bull lttin Aug. 29; buried in Military Asylum Ceiiietery, Washiilgton, IL). C. Nicholas Hartic, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. Jaiiies E. Joi-ies, Iiilled at Kelly's Ford, Yirghila, Nov. 7, 1863. J'oliii Johnston, kille(I at Bull Itui-1, Viiginia, Atig. 29, 1862. Joliii Jaco, died Jtiiie 17, ot' wounds received at IVilderiiess, Virginia, illay 5, 1864; buried in Natioilal Ceiiietery, Arlii-igton, Yirginia. Geoi-ge 11. King,- died at Foi-t Schuyler, New Yorli, June 15, of woulicls receied at IN11derness, Virgiiiia, 3lay 5, 1864. Pliitil) MeDerniott, killed at Fair Oaks, Vii,ginia, May 31, 1862. Eclward 3lcGiiinis, killed at Btill lltiii, Virginia, Aug. 29, 1862. Jol)n iNleCullougli, Iiilled itt Bull ltiiii, 17irgiiiia, Aug. 29, 1862. Eseel Palii-ier, (liect at Alexandi-ia, Virginia, Oct. 12, 1863; gi-ave 991. Peter Quinii, died at Piffladelphia, Atig. 5, 1863. Joliii A. Rodgers, killed at Fair Oalis, Vir:inia, May 31, 1862. George W. Stanley, (lie(I ivliile pri6oner; (late unknown. Josepti A. Weeks, died-May 15, 1863, ot woiiiids received at Clialicellorsville, Virginia, IN-1ay 3. Saitiuel R. Woods, killecl at Bull Run, -Virginia, Aug. 29, 1862. Comj)a,,ny I. George AV. Mansfield, killed at NoNN, Market Cross-Roads, Virgiiiia, Jtine 30, 1862. 11,11liain Stacy, killed at Bull Ruii, Virginia, Atig. 21), 18G2. Saiicly G. Drennan, Iiilled in Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Philip Alebrand, died Jtiiie 21, ot woiin(is at Feter,burg, 1"irginia, June 18, 1864. Joliii C. Pattei-soti, killed txt Wil(leriiess, Virginia, lNlity 3, 1864. Jaiiies Bickel-6toff, died I.Nlay 6, of wounds i-c-ceived at Wil(tei-ness, llii-ginia, May 5. 1864. Saiiiuel Joliiisoti, died31Ry 8, Of NA-otiiids received at Wilderness, Yirg'hija, May 6, 1864. Jol-iii Alebrand, Iiilled at AVil(lerness, Virginia, May 6, 1864. Stacy Ci-itig, died July 19, 1862; buried in (-.,'yljress Hill Cemetery, L. I.; grave 239. Jacob Davis, clie(I at Alexandria, N'irginia, Out. 13, 163; grave 1010. Willittiii Day, died June 11, of wotinds received tLt Fitil' 0,LkS, lNlay 31, 1862. Jolin Ditman, Iiilled itt Wilderness, Virgiiiia, May 5, 1864. Albei-t G. Fassold, died Juiie 24,1862. NVilliaiii George, Iiilled (it Wildei-ness, Vir-iiiia, May 5, 1861. Robert F. Goiilcl, Iiillect at Ilull lttiii, Virginia, Aug. 2d, 1862. Samuel GrtibiLlIgh, Iiilled at Bull Itiiii, Vii-giiiia, Atig. 29, 1862. Wilsoii Gould, d ted Sept. 29, 1861 btiried in iNli litarY Asyltiiii Ceii-ietery, District of Colun-ibia. Ben )unds received at Wilderness, Virginia, 3lay 5, 1661. J. Meredith, died JTNIay 6, of w( Pati,ick O'N6al, Iiilled at Faii- Oaks, Virgiiiia,'May 31, 1862. Joliii O'Netil, clied ttt Andersonville, Georgia, July IZ, 1864; grave 3199. Sainuel Perliins, ki I led. at Wilderness, Yii ginia, iNlay 5, 1664. Joliii. Remp p, died April 5, 1863. Joliti Riley, (lied TRay 18, 1862. Alexander Robinson, died May 6, of woun(is received at Wil(leriiess, Virginia, May 5, ISCil. George Rliyne, died at Andersonville, Georgia, June 4, 1861. Oliver R,. Sliiitli, die(i at Belle 1,de, Yii-gfida, Sept. 2, 1662. Jitiiies Whitesell, lifflled at lNew Market Gross-Roads, Virginia, Jtine 30, 1862.,bilin Allliitesell, killed at New Market Gross-1toads, Vii.-giiiia, Juiie 30, 1862. Wesley AN,oods, died Jan. 3, 1862. Comj)an' K. Charles W. Chapman, killed on picket,. Marell 5, 186 William I-lays Brown, died 3-Lay 4, 1862. SIXTY-FOURT11 REGI31ENT-FOURTH CAVALRY. Colonel Jaiiies H. Cllilds, killed i-tt Antietam,'Maryland, Sept. 17, 1862. Comj)(my B. Frank. H. Parke, died of wotiiids, Sept. 7, 1864. Joliii C. Harpai-, Iiille(I at Hatcher's Ituii, _Virgillia, Feb. 6, 1865. IVitlter Bayard, died of wounds, Dec. 2, 1864. Janies 11. biifl, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Sept. 12, 1864; grave 8569. Sainuel Forniait, died; date unknown. Thouias Caritliei-s, (liecl; date unknown. Josepli McCat-roll, died;'date titiknowii. Williani Hanna, Iiille(l at Cold I-larboi-, Viro-iiiia, Juiie 3, 1864. A. J. M. Bailey, died JOee. 10, 1864; bui-ied lit Natiotial Cenletery, Arlington, 17irginia. Allallier Bailey, died Dec. 12, 1864; bui-jed in National Ceiiieteq, Arliiigtoii, l'irgiiiia; block 2, section E, row 9, gi,ave 51. Wi-ii. M. (io-rnelius, died at Andersonville, Georo-ia, Oct. 5, 1864:; grave 10,389. Alfred N. Cain, dic(i Aug. 11, 186-1. Abner P. Coiiriei-, died at Salisbury, Nortli Carolina, Jan. 12, 1865. Get-liart Halin, (lied; date unknown. 14ainilton Ino-rain, diect Aiig. 5, 1864. Caleb Jeffics, died at Andei'soiiville, Georgia, Sept. 29, 1864; grave 9982. Sinion ilIcCullotigii, died August 16, 1864. Cicero A. lteecl, (lied of wouiidg, 14'eb. 15, 1865; btiriect in Cavalry Corps Cemetery, Virginia. Williaiii 1-1. Siiyder, died Nov. 4, 1864. Williiiiii Scott, dled at Aildei-sonville, Georgia, _51ay 17, 1864; grave 1175. Williaiii Unverzahaft, died, date iiiikiiowii. Coinpa,njj E. Joseph Matson, died April 17,1861. Emanuel S. Girt, (lied Dec. 12, ot'wounds receive(I Dec. 1, 1864; biiried in Ctivalry Coi-ps Ceinetery, Virginia. Williaiii Boisel, killed at St. Mary's Cliul-ell, Virgi u ia, J iiiie 24, 1864. Augiistus 31ori-isoit, died Dec. 4, of wounds received in actioii Dec. 1, 1864. Samuel 1). Sniitli, died April 11, 1865, of wouiids i-eceived at Din,,Niddie Court-House, Virginia. Comj)any G. Wash. 3leCulltim, died at Aiidei-sonville, Georgia. Date unkiiown. Tliotiias McNalliara, Iiille(I at St. Mary's Chtirch, Alirginia, Juiie, 24, 1864. Geoi,ge Wolf, died April 16, 1865, of wotinds receivect at Dinwi(idie Court-House, Yirginia; buried in Natioi-ial Cemetery, Arliiigton, Vii-giiiia. Joliii Duncan, (lied April 7,1865, of wounds received at Diriwiddie Court-House, Virginia; buried in Cavalry Coi-ps Cemetery, Virginia. Jaiiies Brew, die(i at Aiidersoiiville, Georgia; date llnliiiown. Jaiiies Clary, (tied at Wasliiiigton, 1). C., Jan. 11, 1864. John Davis, killed in action, April 7, 1865. Jolii-.t B. Fox, die(i Juiie 7, 1865; buried in Cavalry Corps Conletery, Yirginia. Jolin Hazlett, died at Andersonville, Geoi-gia, July 18, 1864; gi-ave 3551. Iaftin Jolinson, died at Washiiigton, D. C., June 25, 1865; buried in NatiODal Cemetery, Arlington. Henry 31. 31iller, killed in action, Dec. 1, 1861. Thoiiias McClelland, died at Salisbury, Noi-th Caroliiia, Dec. 24, 1864. IVilliaiii Plielps, died at Andersoiiyille, Georgia, Nov. 8, 1864; grave 11,918. Cliarles Itooney, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, 3lay 19, 1864; grave 1218. Jacob Stout, died Juiie 3, 1864; buried in Natioilal Cenietery, Arlington, Virginia. Sample Polk, kille(I in action, Jiily 28, 1864. Coilrad Steatirbatigh, died at Andei'soiiville, Georgia, May 29, 1864;. grave 1453. Jacob Wollord, killed at Treyilljan Station, Yfi-ginia, Juile 11, 1861. Beiijainin F. Walters, killed in action, Alareli 31, 1865. SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT-FIFTH CAVALRY. Company L. Geoi-ge McKeag, died at Richmond, Virginia, Jiiiie 15, 1865. Ileiiry Ti-tiby, died July 6, 1861; buried in Cypi-ess Hill Cel-netery, Long Ifiland. John Walter, died at Aiidersoilville, Georgia, Alov. 18, 186-1; grave 12,095. Company M. Silas C. Hough, killed at Gravelly Riin, Virginia, April, 1865. F. Holdenwrentei-, (lied at Salisbury, North Caroliiia, Dec. 4,1864. Edward Brady, died at Washington, D. C., May 31, 1865. Eilward Coyle, died of wounds received at Hatcher's Riiii, Virginia, Dec. 10, 1861. Charles W. Dreibdelbis, died Dec. 15, 1864; buried in United States Genei-al Hospital Cemetery, Annapolis, Maryland. Janies R. Poi-terfield, died atAndersonville, Georgia, Oct. 23, 1864; grave 11,328. Cliarles Wolston, died.at Richniond, Virgi'nia, June 11, 1865. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.235 SIXTY-SEVE-NTII PIEGIMENT. Canipbell Merriiiiaii, diedat Pliilaclelphia, Pennsylvania, Aug. 7,1865. SEVE-NTTY-FOURTII EUEGIHENT. Gonij)((ny B. Henry Bader, cliecl at Graftoii, West Virginia, Jtiiie 18, 1865. C'O)) ,p (t)? y IC. Williani Rotli, Iiillod at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Jtily 1) 1863. John Schellhorn, died at Cuii-iberlaiicl, Maryland, April 30, 1865. SEVENTY-SIXTI-I REGIiIIE-LNT. Goinimny IC. William J. Bradshaw, 1cilled at Fort Wa-iier, Sotitli Carolina, Jaly 11, 1863. George Hass, hilled at Pocotaligo, Soutli Carolina, Oct. -22,1862. John Brown, died at Hilton Head, Soutli Carolina, Oct. 22, 1862. Thoinas Connell, killed at Pocotaligo, Soutli Carolijia, Oct. 22, 1862. Eiiiai-i-Liel J. Carter, died Dec. 1. 1861; btiried in Cypress Hill Ceiiieter, Lon- Island. Au-ustus Donaliue, (lied at Hanipton, Va., Jutie 27, 1861, of w'iicls re'd in act'n; bur'l r'c'cl, died Jutio 9,164. Robert Davis, died at Hilton Head, So-Litli Carolina, Juile 16,1862. Isaac Davis, killed at Foi-t Wayne, So-Lith Carolina, Jilly 11, 1861" Euianuel Esterl-ield, died Jtiiie 23, 1862. George Earlenbaugh, (lied at Carlislc-, Peniisylvaiiia, Apr. 13,1861. Albert French, died at Hiltoii Head, South Carolina, Oct. 2, 1862. George Grtibs, killed accidentally at St. Ileleiia Island, South Carolina., Jtine 28, 18600. Reddon Gilbert, clied at Ricliiiiond, Vir-inia; date unknown. Sai-iiiiel Green, died at Portsn-io-LLth Grove, Rliode Islatid, June 24, 1865. Saii-iuel Graff, died Oct. 17, 1864; bui-iod in Natioiial Ceiiietery, City Point, Va., see. A, cliv. 1, grave'162. Jan-ies S. Grover, dieci at Raleigh, North Caroliiia, JLine 5, 1865. William Ilurley, killed at Pocotaligo, Soutli Carolina, Oct. 22, 1862. Patrick Kerr, died of wotinds received at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jiine 1, 1864. Alex. 1NIoreland, died at Hilton Head, Soutli Carolina, Oct. 26, 1862. Charles Mallick, (lied at Hiltoi-i Head, Soutli Carolina, Feb. 23, 1863. Adani Mallick, killed at Strawberry Plain, Virginia, Atig. 16, 1864. Franklin INloser, killecl at Fort Wagner, Soutli Carolina, July 11, 1863. Robert Pervis, died at Belle Isle, Virginia, Nov. 15, of wotinds receive(I at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 11, 1863. Thon-las Pedan, killed at Strawberry Plain, 11irginia, Aug. 16, 1864. Johii K. Rupert, died at Fortress iNloiiroe, Virginia, May 6, 1865, of wounds received Jaiiuary 16, 1865. George Risley, died at Hampton, Yirginia, June 27, 1861; btirial record, June 27, 1865. Jefferson Stevison, died at Hiltoii I-Iead, South Carolina, Sept. 14, 1862. INiorris Shell, died of wounds receivecl at Chapin's Farin, Virginia, Oct. 27, 1861. Williaiii Smith, died of wounds i-eceived in action, May 9, 1864. David Ston-iit, died Feb. 25, 1865; buried at Alexandria, Yirginia; grave 3026. Wm. 11. Simn-ioi-is, died at Ai-idersonville, Georgia, Sept. 12, 1864; graye 8567. Lewis Wiiig, died Aug. 14, 186'4; buried in Na-tioi-ial Cenietery, City Point, Virginia, sec. A, div. 3, grave 16. George White, died of wounds, at Iliaiiipton, Virginia, Jtiiie 27, 1864. SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Con-ij)any B. Mi,chael S. Bright, killed at Chickamauga, Georgia, Sept. 19, 1863. Wm. Y. Addington, Iiilled at Atlanta, Georgia, Aug. 5,1864. Heiiry Blakeley, died near Atlanta, Georgia, Atig. 22, 1864. Steven 31. Black, killed at Chickamauga, Georgia, Sept. 19, 1863. Samuel H. Davis, died at Mui-ifordsville, Kentiicky, Dec. 22,1861. Sidney J. -11. Elliott, died at Blui-iford'sville, Kentucky, Feb.'20, 1862. Lucius S. Feathers, died at Chattanooga, Teniiessee, Jilly 14, 1864. Josfiah Glunt, died at Nashville, Tei-iiiessee, June 5, 1865. George Hutcllii-ison, died at Louisville, Keiitticky, Mar. 3, 1862. Henry Hutcliinsoii, died at Louisville, Kentucky, Jaii. 11, 1862. J. S. Houghtelin, died at Nashville, Tennessee, Jtily 16, 1864. James L. Jobes, (lied at Ai-idersoiiville, Georgia, Aiigust 25, 1861; grave 6817. Wm. H. Kennedy, died at 31t. Vernon, Indiana, Jui-ie 4, 1862. Newell H. Kelley, died at Nashville, Teni-iessee, June 26, 1865. Bei-ij. Marsh, died October 27, 1861. Johi-i 3leLau-hliii, died at Corinth, Mississippi, Blay 31, 1862. James'AICCOIlLin-is, died at Louisville, Keritticky, 1862. James B. McManus, died at Aiidersoi-iville, Georgia, 1864. Chas. S. Rose, died at Atlai-ita, Ga., Oct. 24, 1863, of wotinds received at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. James Simpson, killed at Chickamauga, Georgia, Sept. 19, 1863. zn LeNvis Shelton, died at New Orleans, Lotiisiaiia, Jtily 17, 1865. Israel Schiiader, died iiear Victoria, Texas, Sept. 26, 186-0. Henry Tinsn-ian, died at Nashville, Tennessee, May 5, 1862., Coinjmny D. Joli-n W. Allen, died Nov. 24,1865; buried at railroad depot, Victoria, Texas. Charles Bodeiiburg, died at Caiiip Harker, Tei-inessee, May 1,.1865. John Jones, dieti at Iiidianola., Texas, July 30, 1865. Williaiii S. Leonard, died at Nashville, Tennessee, 3lay 30, 1865. 3latthew H. Peterson, died Nov. 9, 1860-; buried at R. R. depot, Victoria, Texas. James Sloan, died at Clevelaud, Ohio, July 13,1865. David Undercoffler, drowlied, June 23, 1865. Coinj)avy E. Alfred T. Carnes, died near Corii-ith, Mississippi; buried in Beaver Coiinty, Pennsylvania. Jolin W. Crawford, died at Andersonville, Georgia. Date unlcnowil. Alf'red Ray, died at Andersonville, Georgia, June 17,1864; grave 2103. Tlioii-las C. Stubbs, died in- hospital, 1863. Nathai-i Bariiaby, die(i Dec. 1, 1864:; buried at Stone River, grave 446. A.M.H.Behrends,died,,ttBellelsle,Virgiiiia. Dateunknown. Isaac R. Baird, died at Paciiicah, Kentucky. Date uiilinowii. Frederick Carpentel-, died while prisoner. Date unknown. Cliristian W. Ditzell, died 1863. John Ecliles, drownedat Pittsburgh, Pa., 31arch, 1861. Joseph Eckles, died at Evai-isville, Indiaiia, 1864. Enoell Eckles, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, August 26, 1864; grave 6872. William F. Emrick, died near Corintli, Mississippi. Date unknown. John Fitzgeralcl, died of wounds at Chattaiiooga, Tennessee, Dec. 25, -1863; gravo 700. Christian Glatzan, died of ivoun(is, July 1, 1864:. Emory H. Harnish, died at Danville, Virginia, 31arch 27,186,1; buried in National Cemetery, section B, division 4-, grave. 16. Warren Hill, died at St. Louis, Missouri, May 19, 1862. John A. Hake, died Jan. 16, 1863, of wounds received at Stoi'le River, Tennessee. George W. I-laumer, killed at Liberty Gap, Tentiessee, June 25, 1863. Edward J. Murphy,'Icillecl at Stone River, Teniiessee, Dec. 31, 1802. Ilenry M. Scliell, died near Athens, Alabarna. Date unknown. David Stinderlin, died at Corinth, Mississippi, 1862. I'Veiv ComImny E. James E. Bevaii, died September 16, 1865; buried six inil es iiorthwest of Victoria, Texas. John Lock, died at New Orleans, Louisiana, Jiily 11, 1865. Peter Bi-own, died Dec. 4, 186.5; buried at R. Pi. depot, Victoria, Texas. Evan J. Davis, died at Victoria, Texas, Nov. 4, 1865. Reese Evans, died at LNew Orleans, Louisiana, June, 30, 1865. August Hemback, died Oct. 29, 1865; btiried six miles northwest of Victoria, Texas. William H. Alillei-, died at Greeti Lale, Texas, August 9, 1865. William McCullough, died at New Orleai-is, Louisiana, Nov. 25, 1865. Thoiiias Parrish, died at Camp Irwin, Texas, Sept. 29, 1865. Owen R. Roberts, died at Galveston, Texas, August 3, 1865.'Richar(I Spangler, died on board transport " S. K. Barties," Sept. 20, 1865. John Shannon, died Sept. 29, 1865; buried six iiiiles northwes't of Victoria, Texas. Daniel B. Stowart, died Nov. 5, 1865; buriedat R. R. depot, Victoria, Texas. Johi-i Tiefiansee, died Nov. 24, 1865; buried at It. R. depot, Victoria, Texas. SEVENTY-EIGI-ITII REGIMEiNT. lYeto Cognpany R Williaiii Griffith, die(I at Nashville, Teiiiiessee, Sept. 29, 1865. Janies Reyliolds, die(I at Nashville, Tennessee,.May 12, 1865.. Coinj)any I-T. Thomas Hawkins, died at Ciiiciiiiiati, Oliio, Sept. 2, 1865. C01111)(a2y L Beri-iard Fausnaught, died at Nasliville, Teniiessee, April 15, 1865. Janies'Miller, clie(I at Nasliville, Tennessee, July 1, 186-0. EIGI-ITIETI-I REGIMENT-SEVENTH CAVALRY. Coinpany 11. Ilenry C. Burns, (lie(I of wounds at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Nov. 19, 1861; bul'iecl in National Cemetery, grave 101. Isaac T. Singles, died of woundsat Chattanooga, Toniiessee, Nov. 19,1864; buried in National Cemetery, gvave 239. Augustus J. Aliller, diecl at Lotiisville, Keiituelcy, Aug. 20,1863; buriecl in National Cometery, section B, range 14, grave 9. Sainuel Alton, died at Andersonville, Georgia, August 20,1864; burial record, Oct. 13,1864; grave 10,823. Franklin Getcliey, clierl of' woun(Is at Siiow Hill, Tenne,-3,see, April 3, 1863. Jacob Beard, diedat Nasliville, Tennessee, Feb. 21, 1865. Hugh T. Beggs, die(i at N(isliville, Tennessee, April 281, 1865. Williaiii Donald, died at Chattanooga, Tennessee, 1863, of wounds received in action. Tlioii-ias ri ox, died at Nashville, Tennessee, Nov. 18, 1862. Williain Jorolanian, diecl at Nasliville, Teniiessee, April 18, 1864. James Roive, died at I-luiitsville, Alabama, Nov. o-, 1863. Alexander Iteese, died at Nashville, Tennessee, 1862. Iteiiben Rowe, clied at Nasliville, Teiinessee, March 10, 1862. Jacob St-rotip, Iiilled at Cliielmmauo-a, Georgia, Sept. 18, 1863. Joseph Smitli, kille(I at Culiiberlarid Mountains, Tennessee, Oct. 4, 1863 3. Conij)any -M. Cliarles Mullen, cliecl of wouncls received at Seliiia, Alabama, May 18, 1865. Williaiii 0. Peelc, died of wouncls i-eceived at SlielL)yville, Teiiiiessee, Juile 27, 1863. William Ainsworth, Iiillod at BigS'hanty, Georgia, Jtiiie, 9, 1864. Robert Barton, dic(l at Louisville, Kei-itticky, Aug. 12, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, sectioii D, range grave 8. Uriah Clark, died at Nashville, Teiiiiessee, July, 1862. Johii Ci-ooli, died of woiii-icls received in actioii, Juiie 20, 1861. Jesse Davis, Iiille(l at Murfreesboro, Teniiessee, July 13, IR63. Bei-ijamin J. Fortney, diecl at Atlanta, Georgia, Nov. 1, 1S64. William J. Gordon, died at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, March 7, 1865. Frank INT. Hoffnian, died of wouiids reclived at Flat Rocli, Georgia, Nov. 27, 1864; burial recorcl, Nov. 8, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Chattanooga, Teiinessee, grave 57. Adam James, accidentally Icilled at Coluiiibia, Tennessee, A-pril 27, 1864; buried in Natioi-ial Cemetery, Stone River, section L, grave 307. Joseph Povrer, die(i at Louisville, Kentucky, Jan. 2, 1865. Jacob R. Seip, died at Jeffersoi-iville, Indiana, April 4, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, sectioii 3, grave 481. Johii Smitli, died at Nashville, T'Oiinessee, May 28, 1865. George M. Wilson, died at Ai-ider'sonville, Georgia, Sept. 2, 1864; grave 9657. Charles Wise, died at Jeffersoii Barracks, Missouri, April 21, 1865. EIGHTY-SECOND REGIlNIENT. Coin_pany B. V. Pfefferman, diecl Dec. 19, 1861. Samuel Bayler, killed at Sailoi-'s Creek, Virginia, April 6, 1865. Joseph Bowdisli, killed at Sailor's Creelc, Virginia, April 6, 1865. David Beamer, killed at Wiiieliester, Virginia, Sept. 19, 1864. August Brinkm(an, died of wouiids, April 6, 1865; burial record, died at Annapolis, 3faryland, April 9, 1865. Henry Backhaus; burial record, Henry Batehou:,-e, clied April 9, 1865; buried in Allegheny Cemetery. Williain Bohnier, died of wounds receive(I tat Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jtii-ie 1, 1864; burial record, June 3, 1864; buried in Natioiial Cemetery, Colct I-lat-bor. Alexaiider Clarl, died-ot' wounds received at Sailor's Creek, Vir-inia, April 6, 1865. Heiiry Doitzler, died of wounds received at Fair Oaks, Virginia, 3lay 31, i862. Thomas W. Evans, killed at Sailor's Creek, Vir-inia, April 6, 1865. Jacob Max Eberle, died at Queerils Farm, District of Coltiiiibia, De.c. 11, 1861. George Grau, died of wounds received at Colcl Harbor, Viro-iiiia, Jtine 1, 1864. Comp. Knierreman, clied at Poii-it Loolioiit, Maryland, Jtitie 17, 1862. John Kileker, died at Point Lookout, Maryland, Jtily 11, 1862. Sami-iel Ross, killed at Sailor's Creelc, Virginia, April 6, 1865; buried at Burkville Station. Vincent Sorg, diecl July 2, of wounds received at 1NIalvern Hill, Virgini'a, July 1, 1862. Adam Schmidt, died of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jtine 1, 1864. EIGIITY-TIIIRD REG131ENT. New Coni_pany G. Lewis G. BroermaTi, diecl at Fortress Monroe, V! r-inia, May 26, 1865. Joseph Hei-iger, killed at Gravelly Run, Virginia, March 31, 1865. Coin any H. Cliarles Bauiyl, died Jtine 8, 186,15; buried in National Cen-ietery, Ai-lington, Virgirila. Jolin Fulcoiiiei-, dictl Jtine 28, 1865; buried in Natioiial Cemetery, Arlington, Yirgillia. EIGHTY-SEVENTI-I REGIMENT. ATelo C0)nj)a)1y F. Jan-les Atcheson, killedat Petersburg, Yir-inia, Api-il 2, 1865. David Barto, died April 16, of wouiids received at Petersburg, Virginia, April 2, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. William L. Grove, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, Apr. 2, 1865. X,ew Conij)avy G. John Quinn, died at City Poiiit, April 4, of wotinds received at Petersburg, Vi rginia, April 2, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST REGIMENT. CoinTany A. George W. Collins, died at.Florence, Sotith Carolina, Oct. 30, 1861. Thom," Gallaglier, died at Aiiciet-sonville, Georgia, Aug. 19, 1864; grave 6328. Hiram Gibsoii, died at White flouse Landing, Yii-ginia, Jiine 20, 1862. George W. Sampson, died at Siiffollc, Yirgii-iia, Dec. 13, 1862. Williaiii Cameron, died at Ai-idersoiiville, Georlp-ta, Au--. 19, 1864; grave 6336. James C. Ariiiour, died at Roaiioke Islaiid, Nortli Carolina. Date unknown. Charles E. Baxter, (lied at Suffolli, Virgiiiia. Date iii-iknown. Ciirtis Bosteda, died at Harrisburg, Peiinsylvai-iia, Febrtiary 11, 1862. Frederick Botz, died at Yorktown, Vii-giiiia. Date unknown. Joliii W. Coi-ic-by, killod at Plyiiioutli, North Carolina, April 20, 1864. Davicl Davis, died at Charleston, South Carolina, Sept. 7, 1864. Janies Debtinan, died at Ani-iapolis, Maryland, March 11, 1865. Robert Dowdle, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Aug. 4, 1864; gra-ve 4786. Levi Kutz, diecl at Roanoke Island, Nei-tli Carolii-ia, Jan. 6, 1865. William Kitner, Iiilled at Fair Oaks, Vit-giiiia, Blay 31,1862. Michael Ludwiclc, clied at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Dec. 1861. Harrison H. Park, died at Suffollc, Yirginia. Date unknown. Christi,an Rothe, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Pec. 1, 1864; grave 12,206. Solomon Sow(ler, died at Aiidersoi-iville, Geoi-gia, Aug. 16, 1864; grave 6030. Johii Worling, died at White Oak S\vamp, Yirginia, Juiie, 1862. Conzj)any E. John Lauglilin, diedat Aiidersoi-iville, Georgia, Aiig. 6,1864; grave 4857. Johii Giffillan, dic(l at Pittsburgh, Pei-iiisylvai-iia, of wounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., May 3I, 1862. George W. Reel, clied at Andersonville, Georgia, Dec. 2, 1864. Wiley Reel, drowneci, March 4, 1865. Chai-les Adams, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Oct. 31, 1864. Lyle TvIcAllister, die(I at Florence, Sou th Caroliiia, Oct. 15, 1864. William H. Staubs, died at Anclersoiiville, Georgia, Oct. 3I, 1861. John S. Sprin-er, died at Aiidersoiaville, Georgia, Juno 28, 1861; grave 2622. Jolin Allender, died, date unknown. Joliii Bruner, died Au--. 1, 1862; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Loi-ig Island. Williani Z. Cole, died at Florence, South Carolina, Nov. 25, 1861. Jaiiies A. Davis, die(I at Andersonville, Georgia, Aug. 2, 1864; grave 4625. James Doutl-lett, died at Raleigh, Nortli Carolina, Ji--Lne 16, 1864. Janies Donald, died at Atinapolis, Maryland, Dec. 27, 1861. Cyriis Fry, dic(l at Aiiclei-soiiville, Georgia, Au--. 29, 1864; grave 7198. John Hagan, killed at Illyiiioutli, Nortli Carolina, April 20, 1864, Josepli liencler-ion, (liecl June, 3, 1862; buried in Nlilitary Asylum Comotery, District of Coluiail- ia. -3 N. Heckman, died at Floi-ence, Soutli Carolina, Octo Franci,, ber 25, 1864. Daniel Hallenback, dic(l at Andersonville, Georgia, Aug. 17, 1864:'; grave 5954. Joseph Kirli:or, diod at Aiiclersoiiville, Georgia, Sept. 25, 1861. William Lon-'eiieclcer, died, date unknown. Patrick McLauglilin, died at Point Lookout, Maryland, Aug. 13, 1862. I-Iii-h 3leAllistei-, diecl, clate iitilc-nowri. William 3-IcAllister, died at Newberii, Nortli Carolina, of wounds received at Plymouth April 20,1864; buried in Natioiial Cemetery, plot 7, grave 175. Hugh Nichols, died, date unknown. Reese Newberry, died at Aildei-soii-ville, Georgia2Oct. 20, 1864. BILISTORY'OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.236 Daiiiel Fraiitz, killecl at Malvern Hill, Virginia, Jnly 1, IS62. William S. Ferree, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Joseph S. Brooks, died June 18, 1865; btiried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. James Cralty, died at Tenallytown, District of Columbia, Nov. 22, 1861. Samiiel Ferdan, Iiillod at 1NIalvern flill, Virginia, July 1, 1862. Williaiii H. Gould, killed at Fort Steadman, Virginia, March 25, 1865; buried in Poplar Grove National Cemetery, Petersburg; division D, section C, grave 225. Charles Hamilton, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, lNlay 31, 1862. Robert 1NIaxwell, killed at Fair Oalis, Virgil-iia, 3lay 31, 1862. Patrick McKinney, diecl Jtine 14, 1865; btiried in National Cemetery, Arliii-ton, Virginia. John Sanders, killed at Malvern Hill, Virgiiiia, Julv 1, 1862. Jacob Schmidt, died at Washiiigton, District of Columbia. Date unknowrl. Benjaniin F. Woocl, died at Falliiotitli, Virgiiiia, Apt-il 10, 1863. Nathan Watson, killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 9, 1861; buried in Nat. Cemetery, Wiiiehester, Va.; lot 25. Cwnjmny D. William B. Keiiny, died June 5, of woiii-ids received at Fair Oaks, Virgil-iia, 3lay 31, 1862. Albert Ballard, killed at Petersburg, June 18, 186-1; btiried in Nat. Ceni., City Point; see. D, div. 1, grave 33. Thomas Btirke, died May 25, of wounds received at Wilderiiess May 5, 1861; buried in National Ceiiieterv, Arliiigton; Yetei-an. Henry F. Coolc-, killed at 1NIalvern Hill, July 1, 1862. Cliarles Coward, died at Pliiladelphia, Pa., May 9, of woiinds received at Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862. John Fitzsiiiionds, died at City Point, Virginia, March 28, 1865. Thomas Garris, died August 12, 1861; buried in Uiiited States General Hospital Cem. No. 2, Annapolis, Md. Williaiii Keaton, drowned Nov. 27, IS61. Aiiier Kelly, died a-t Clear Springs, Maryland, Oct. 23,18622; buried in AntietaniNational Cemetery; section 26, lot D, grave 424. Patrick Kelly, died June 7, of woulids received at Cold Harbor Jtine 5, 1864; btiried in National Cemetery, Arlingtol-1. Peter Lynch, died Nov. 17, 1861. Dai-iiel iNfeCabe, Iiille(I at Salem Ileiglits, Virginia, INlay 3, 1863. Daniel McIsaac, died at Portsmoutli Gi-ove, Itliode Island, Aiigiist 23, 1862. NVilliam 11. Parker, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Atigust 25, 1864; grave 6852. Henry Russell, killed at Saleii-i I-leiglits, Vir-inia, May 3, 1863. Tlioliias 0. Roiilce, died iNov. 6, 1861. John Silvers, died May 20, of woulicls i-eceived at Wilderness May 5, 1861. I-utc-Young, killed at Tonallytown, District of Colulilbia, Jan. 28, 1862. Cov?j)any E. Washii-igtoil Jordan, killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia', Jtii-ie 2, 1864. Alexander Someryille, killed at Opequan, Virgiiiia', Sept. 19, 1864. Bazol Bell, killed at Wilclerness, Alirginia, May 5, 1864. John 31. Cai-iieron, Iiilled at Wilcierness, Yii-ginia, May 5, 1864. Natliaiiiel Doty, died Nov. 7, of wouiids receive(I at Opequan, Virginia, Sept. 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, 31arylai-id; sectioii 26, lot E, grktye 5-17. Joliii A. Failes, killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, Virgil-iia, May 18, 1861. David W. Gross, killed at Wildei-ness, Yirgiiiia, Blay 5, 1864. Johi-i Gabby, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 1862. Johii C. Hersllliiaii, killed at Malvern Hill, Yirgiiiia, Jlily 1, 1862. Daiiiel flaney, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May:31, 1862. Andrew Leech, killed at Williamsburg, Virginia, Blay 5, 1862. Joliii McKelvey, killed at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, 3lay 31, 1862. Kobert INIcKlaw, died Septeii-iber 19, 1861. Sayers 3leGil-iiiis, died at Baltimore, INIarylaiicl. Date unknown. Oweil W. Owens, Iiilled at Williamsburg, Virginia, May 5, 1862. Henry K. Ortt, (lied at Wasliingtoii, D. C., J-Liiie 6,1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arling-ton, Virginia, Gaii-ior Plielps, died April 22, 1865; b-Lii'ied in Poplar Grove National Ceii-ietery, Petei-sburo-, Virginia; division E, section E, grave 703. Johii Plielps, Iiilled at Salem Heights, Virginia, May 3, 1863. Johi-i Peebles, Iiilled at Salei-ii Heights, ATirginia, May 3, 1863. John Risley, killed at Wilderness, 1Nlay 5, 1864. Robert Rielial-dsoii, Iiilled at Codar Creek, Oct. 19, 1861; buried in Natiol-ial Cemetery, Winchester; lot 25. Joliii Sloss, killed at INIalvern Hill, Virgii-iia, Jtily 1, 1862. Sullivaii, (lied at Teniiallytowli, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1861. Coinpany E. Aiidrew J. 3lcIlwaiii, killed at Cold Harbor, Yirginia, June 3, 1861. John B. Devatix, died May 8, of woiii-ids receivect at Salei-ii Heiglits, Virginia, May 5, 1863. Alexaiider Botli-well, killed at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, May 28, 1862. Cliarles Cougher, died AIay 7, of wouncis receivecl at Saleiii Ilei-hts, Virginia, May 5, 1863. Richard H. Cochran, died 3lay 27, of woui-ids received at Spottsylvania C. H., May 18, 1864; buried at Alexandria, Virginia; grave 1961. Gottleib Brosie, died May 24, of Nvoui-ids received at Wilderi-iess, Virginia, May 6, 1864. Abraham Ilewo, killed at Teiiiiallytowii, D. C., Nov. 11, 1861. Sainuel Hanclliii, clic(i at Harrisoii's Laiidii-ig, Yirgiiiia, Aug. 1, 1862; buried in Natioiial Cemetery, Glendale, sectioii B, grave 30. Joseph 3tiller, died at Philadelphia, Peniisylvania, 3lay 20, of wound's received at Williaiiisburg, Virginia, May 5, 1862. Joliii illellei-iry, killed at Salem Heights, Vit-giiiia, INlay 4, 1863. George Nolail, killed at Salciii Heiglits, Virginia, May 3, 1863. Elani Poulson, killed at Wilderiiess, Alirgii-i-ia, May 5, 1864. James T)I. Porter, Iiilled at Salent Heights, Virgiiiia, May 3, 1863. Robert Stewart, died at Cai-iip Ilarole, Ai-ii-iapolis, Maryland,-June 4, 1863. George Sherer, killeci at Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Wiiichester; 16t 10. Jan-ies J. Toland, died Nov. 16,1864. H. H. Vai-iaiiiariiige, died at Warwick, Yirgiiiia, April 9, 1862. Josepli W. Wood, killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864. Co))q)(oty G. Clifford D. Brown, died at Alexaiidria, Yirgiiiia, Jan. 31, 1863; grave 708. Johii D. Beatty, killed at Spottsylvania C. H., Vir-iriia, May 18, 1864. Williaii-i Byrne, killed at Cedar Creeli, Virgiiiia, Oct. 19, 1864. Beriiard J. Helm, died at Wii-ichester, Y irgiiiia, iNov. 29, 1864; buried in Natiolial Cemetery; lot 9. James Hart, killed at Spottsylvania C. 11., Virgii-iia, May 18, 1864. Jolii-i Lowe, killecl at Codar Creek, Virgiiiia, Oct. 19, 1861. Thomas Morro-,v, died at Yorli, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1.864. John Offolter, died at Baltimore, Maryland, Nov. 9, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Loudon Parli. Joseph S. Terjuan, died at Baltiiiiore, Maryland, of woulids received at Cedai- Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1864; burici(I in National Cei-tietery, Lotidoii Park. J,ames Triiiiboll, died, clate uiikiiown. Go)) zp a)? y Beiijai-iiin L. Cliristy, died of wounds, at Washington, D. C., Juiie 18, 1864; b-Liried in National Cemetery, Arliiigton, Yirgiiiia. Jaiiies Adams, killed at Winchester, Yirgii-iia, Sept. 19, 1864. Harry K. Ci-itelilow, died iNlay 8, 1864, of wounds received at Wildei-ness, Virginia. Tholi-ias B. Storey, (tied at Port Royal, Va., date unknown, of wounds received in action May 1-8, IB64. Adaii-i Bernhart, killecl at Wil(lerness, Yirgiiiia, Blay 5, 1864. David B. Bedillian, died at Fortress Monroe,: Virginia, August 20, 1862. Joliii W. Cross, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirgiiiia, 3lay 31, 1862. Joliii Corsoii, drownecl in 3lississippi Iliver. Date unknown. Alexai-ider Critelilow, died of wotinds receivecl at Wilde-ri-ioss, Virgii-iia, May 8, 1864. Daniel A. Creely died Jtiiie 10, 1864, of wounds received at Petersbtirg, Virginia; buried in National Cemetery, City Point; sectioii E, clivision 1, grave 39. Jolin Caii-ipbc-11, died Sept. 27, of wounds received at Wii-icliester, Virgiiiia, Sept. 9, 1864; buried in National Co-n-ietery; lot 18. Henry Dunlap, died at Tenallytown, D. C., Dec. 18, 1861. Williaiii J. Deer, killedat Petersburg, Yirginhi, June 5, 1861; burial record, May 6, 1864 buried in National Ceiiietery, Col(i 1-larbor; section C. William J. Dodds, died at City Poiiit, Yirginia, July 5, 1864. S. L. Daubei-ispecli, Iiilled at Petersburg, Virginia, April 2, 1865. - Jacob Glaze, died of woui-ids, at City Point, 11-irgiiiia, July 5, 1864. Alfred C. Holiiies, hilled at Cold Harbor, Jtiiie 3, 1864. James Johnston, killed at IVilderiiess, Virginia, INlay 5, 1861. Elias Kirk, died at Poiiit Lookout, Maryland, Sept'- 9, 1862. Alex,ander Katz, die(I oii board steanier " Yanderbilt,"' JTNIay 19, 1862. Lewis Z. Kiiess, died at Teiiallyto,,vD, D. C,, Dec. 14, 1861. Saiiiuel iNlyers, died at Ai-inapolis, Maryland, Juiie 16, of wounds received at Fair Oaks, Virginia, 3lay 31, 1862. N. H. Matthews, Iiilled at Winchester, Yirgii-iia, Sept. 19, 1864. Rinaldo L. TlLiys, killed at Wilderiiess, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Joliii McGill, killed at Wilderiiess, Yirginia, llay 5, 1864. Williaii-i 11. Norris, died at Wasliiiigtoji, D.C., Oct. 26, 1861. Joliii R. Oseiibatigh, killed at Winchester, Alit-ginia, Sept. 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery; lot 18. Daniel Petit, 1-iilled at Alildoi-ness, Virginii, May 5, 1861. Aii(-,Ire-,v J. Pettigrew, died at Wasliiiigtoii, D. C., Augiist 2, IS64, of wounds received in actiOD. Williaiii H. Parlcs, killed at Winchester, Yii-giiiia, Sept. 19, 1864. Lysander llobb, killed accidentally at Tenallytown, D. C., Jan. 28, 1862. Josepli G. Reddick, Iiilled at Fair Oaks, Virgiiiia, May 31, 1862. Aaroi-i Osburn, killed at Faii, Oaks, Vil-giiiia, INlay 31, 1862. IVI.icliael O'Hara,, died at An(lersonville, Georgia, Aug. 17, 1861; grave 59039. Edward Porter, died at Newbern, N. C., Feb. 1, 1865; burittl record, Feb. 9, 1865; biiried in Nat'l. Coin'y. Frederick Rodes, died at Aiidersoi-iville, Georgm, Sept. 3, 1864; grave 7738. Peter Rouse, died at Aiidersoiiville, Georgia, Juiie 20, 1864; grave 2225. Williani W. Tlioiiip-ion, died at Andersoiiville, Georgia, Aug. 19, 1861; grave, 5179. Isaac Webb, diecl, date unknoNvii. James H. Woodford, die(I at Alidersoi-iville, Georgia, Aug. 27,1864. Jaiiies Wiley, died at Allegheny City, Peniisylvai-iia. Date unknowia. Coinpany G. Willi-ani A. Lolig, died at Rielimoiid, Virginia, Feb. 21, 1865. Fraiiklin G. Norton, died at Ilarrisbiirg, Peiiiisylvaiiia, Jai-I. 21, 1862. James Anderson, died at Savai-iiiall, Geor.-ja, Dec. 1, 1864. Leonard Boyei-, died at Fortress Moi-iroe, Va., of -,vounds receive(l. at Fair Oaks, Ya., May 31, 1862. Abi-aliaiii Ileltz, died oi-i transport " Baltic," Dec. 3, 1864; buried at Aiii-iapolis, 31aryland. J. S. Chamberlain, died at Wliite House, Virginia, Juiie 9, 1862. James B. Caldwell, died at White I-louse, Yirginia, Juiie 12, 1862. Jai-iies L. Cook, died at Poiiit Lookout, Maryland, Aug. 7, 1862. Joliii Defibaugh, died at Aiidersonyille, Georgia, Aug. 15, 1864.'NVilliaiii H. Evaiis, died June 27, 1862; buried in National Cei-i-ietery, Yorktown, Va.; section D, grave 294. Nicholas Fogle, died at Portsi-iioutli Grove, Rhode Islai-id, July 7, 1862. Justice Gollipher, died at Floreiiee, Soutli Carolina, Oct. 15, 1864. Solon-ion Gelleii, died at Riclii-i-ioi-id, Virginia, Juiie 15, 1862. Johii Hoffiiian, died at Washington, District of ColLiii-ibia, May 20, 1862; buried in Tvlilitary Asylum Cemly. Calvin Ilardiiig, (lied at Aniiapolis, Marylaiid, Jan. 28, 1865. Itobert Loiig, died at Aiinapolis, Alaryland, 1VIarch 14,1865. Soloiiioii Liiilc, died at PI-iiladelphia, Peiinsylvaiiia, Aug. 24, 1862; buried in Cypress Hill Ceinetery, LonIsland; grave 430. Martin Lybarger, diedat Savannah, Georgia, Nov. 30,1864. JoIiii illansfield, died at Aiidersoiiville, Georgia, Aug. 24, 1864; grave 8216. Williaiii 11. INIurray, died in New York, July 17, 1862; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island.'rliomas H. IIoore, died at Suffollz-, Virginia, Nov. 20,1862. Jolin Miller, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Aug. 115, 1864; grave 5704. Saiiiuel McCormick, died at Floreiiee, Soutli Carolina, Nov. 14, 1861. J-Ienry Ott, died at Poiiit Lookout, Maryland, Sept. 26, 1862. Joseph S. Smitli, clied iiear Bottoni Bridge, Virginia, June 5, 1862. AVilliani Showman, diecl at New York, July 9, 1862; btii-iod in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Loi-lo- Islaiad. Sainuel K. Slick., died at Harrisbiirg, Pennsylvai-iia, Dec. 19, 1862'. George W. Taylor, diecl at Savage Station, Virgiiiia, Juiie 5, 1862. Eii-iiiiet C. Trinible, died at Pittsburgli, Peiinsylvaiiia, INIarch 18, 1865. Jacob Wike, died at Fortress Moiiroe, Yirginia, June 11, of wouiids received at Fair Oaks 3lay 31, 1862. Conq)any 1. I'tobert Welsli, died oii boai-cl U. S. trat--isport " Nortliern Light," Dec. 12, 1864. Joliii M. Osborne, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Sept. 2, 1864; gi-ave 7552. Jolin E. -Murphy, killed at Plymou'uh, North Carolina, April 20,1864. Jaiii-es B. Pliillips, died at Aiiclersonville, Georgia, Aug. 14, 1864; grave 5610. Jolii-i W. INIorrison, died Jan., 1865. Uriah Amciat, (lied at Florence, South Carolina, Nov. 12, 1864. Israel Latiffer, died at Chai-leston, Sotith Carolitia, Oct. 12, 1864. - Jai-ties L. Altei-, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, Sept. 18, 1864; burial record, "J. L. Allen, died Sept. 8, 1864; grave 8185." lienry Acaly, died at Florence, South Carolina, Oct. 9, 1864. William Bickerstaff, died at Aiictersoiiville, Georo-ia, Sept. 10, 1864; grave 8358. Williaiii Behain, died at Florence, Soutli Carolina, Nov. 29, 1864. Williaiii Fi. Brabson, died at Philadelphia, Peniisylvaiiia, July 13,1862; burial record, buried in Portsmouth Grove Ceiiietery, Illio(le Islaiid. Josiali A. Catiffii-ian, died, date uiiknown. Martin Ciiii-iiiiiiigs, clied at Pittsburgli, Pei-ins-vlvania, 1862. Tlioiiias Cooper, died at Poiiit Lookout, Mary land. Date unknown. Jacob Doeter, died at New York, June 15, 1862. Jaiiies E. Davis, diecl at Plyiiiouth, North Carolina, Nov., 1863; burial record, Feb. 5, 1864, buried in Natioiial Cemetery, Newberii; plot 7, grave 41. Robert B. Dougherty, diecl at Andersonville, Georgia, Aug. 13,1864; grave 5468. Robei't F. Hill, killed at Fair Oalcs, Vit-giiiia, lNlay 31, 1862. Jaii-ies Hoy, diecl at Anclersonville, Georgia, Aug. 13, 1864; burial record, Aug. 27, 1864.-, grave 7000. John Irwin, died at Point Lookout, -iqaryland, Jan. 11, 1863. Tlionias.R. Jojies, died at Andersoiiville, Georgia, Atig. 1-9, 1864; grave 6197. Robert Johns, died at Andersonville, Goorgia, Aug. 5, 1864; grave 4817. Jereiiiiali Kei-inedy, clied at Ai-idersonville, Geor-ia, Sept. 17, 1861; grave 9067. Alexander Kelly, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31,1862. Dayi(I Long, diecl at Aiidersonville, Georgia, July 30, 1864; gi-ave 4312. Ilugli Marshall, died at Florei-ice, Soutli Caroliiia, LNov. 1, 1864. Williain iNlorgan, (lied at Baltiniore, Maryland, Jan., 1865. Jolin I). Powell, (liecl at Andersoiiville, Georgia, Oct. 13, 1864; grave 10,858. Johu Reese, died at Yorktown, Virginia. Date uiilciiown. Henry Straub, clied in Seliuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Jaii. 14, 1865. Johi-i Tantino-ler, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirginia, May 31, 1862. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIiATENT. Joliii W. Patte'rson, killed at Wilclerness, Virginia, May 5, 1864:. Williani McIlwafne, died Jui-ie C), of wounds received at Col(I 1-farbor, Virginia, June 3, 1861. Joliii Polai-id, killed at Malvern Hill, Jiily 1, 1865. Janies 1-1. Coleman, killed at Ceclar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864. Hamiltoii J. Rodgers, burial reeord, died at Alexai-idria, Virgii-iia, Nov. 10, 1863; grave 1046. Goinj)any -4. Peter P. Barr, diecl at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31arch 15, 1862. IA'illiaiii L. Roberts, killed at Wilcleriiess, Yirginia, Blay 5, 1864. James Adanis, died at Rielimoiid, Virgii-iia, July, 1862. James C. Algoo, Iiillecl at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Lawrelice Atkins, die(i Aug. 25, of woui-ids received at Petersburg, Yirginia, June 18, 1864. Isaac Baker, died at Coclieysville, Maryland, Sept. 6, 1861. Sanauel Boyd, died May 8, of woui-ids receiyed at Wilderness, May 5, 1864. Charles Browii, Iiilled at Cold Harbor, Yir-inia, Jui-ic 5, 1861. Nelson G. Kaiii, clied at Harrison's Landii-ig, Yirgii-iia, July 8, 1862; buried in National Cenietery, Glendale; section C, grave 20. Benjaiiiiii P. Craft, died 3lay 8, of wounds received at IVilclerness, Yirginia, May 5, 1861. Arthur B. Elliott, lz--illed at ILIalvern Hill, Yir-iiiia, July 1, 1862. Jaities Erwin, diod at Danville, Virginia, May 5, 1865. William Floyd, Jr., killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. George B. Flinton, died at Beverly, New Jersey, Aiig. 24, 1864. Loyal Y. Gould, killed at Wilderiiess, Virgiiiia, -May 5, 1861. I-lent-Y Glei-in, killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jtirie 3, 1851. N17illiam S. Craft, died at Patrick Statioii, Virgin ia, March 4, 1865; burial record, March 25, 1865 buried in PopliLr Grove Natiorial Ceiiietery, Petersbtirg, Virginia; division -D, section C, grave 223. Jaines Muller, died -May 8, 186zi, of wounds received at Wilderness, Virginia. I Aii(Ir-ow J. -HcClo.wry, died- at lIarrison's Landing, Yirginia, July 8, 1-862; buriecl in National Cemetery, Glendale; sectiori C, grave 30. Daniel Powers, killed at AVilderness, VirgiDia, lNlay 6, 1864. Joliii SI-iaw, diecl at Washington, District of Columbia, Oct. 11, 1861. Blichael Warner, killed at Cold Harbor, Yirginia, Jui-ie 3, 1861. Conij)any B. Thoiiias E. Kirkbride, dieci Blay 21, of wounds received at Wilderiiess, VirgiDia, Blay 5,1864. Eclwiii Aiiderson, killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1861; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester; lot 25. Johli 11. Deiinisoii, killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19,1864. Albert J. Henry, died at Washin-toii, District of Columbha. Date unkilown. Jolin Keifer, killed at Williamsburg, Virginia, Alav 5, 1862. Hiram V. Powell, died at Andel'sonville, Georgia, Aug. 1, 1864; grave 4473. Thomas A. Atkinson, killecl at Cedar Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1861. Robert J. BroNvn, killecl at Strasburg, Virginia, Sept. 21, 1864. Leopold Bott, killed at Spottsylvanja Court-House, Virgiiiia., May 12, 1864. Adam Barnes, clied at Harrisburg, Peiinsylvania, Nov. 6, 1862. Johii J. Deelier, killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jtine 5, 1861. Frederick Blertz, diecl Oct. 25, of wounds i-eceived at Cedar Creek, Yirginia, Oct. 19, 1861; buried in National Conietery, Wii-ichester; lot 17. George W. Page, killed at Wilderness, lVlay 5, 1861. Robert S. Page, killed at Winchester, Viro-ini-a, Sept. 19, 1864. Josepli Siiiipson, Iiilled at Wilderness, Alay 5, 1861. Joseph Siiiith, died at Frederielisbi-Lr-, Virginia, May 18, 1864. 1NIieliael Tlioiiipsoii, killed at Wilderi-iess, Virginia, illay 6, 1864. Richard S. Williams, killed at Cold Harbor, Yirginia, June 3,1861; buried in Natioiial Ceiiietery; section C. Conij)any C. John Large, killed at Saleiii Heights, Virginia, Blay 3, 1863.1 Jacob Druiii, Iiilleci at Wilderiiess, Virginia, illay 5, 1864. Israel Fralitz, killed at Savao-e Station, Virgiiiia, Jtily 7, 1862. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.- ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 237 Isaac N. Ross, killed at WTilderness, Virginial, -.1ay 5, 1864. Sarntiel R. Renfreiv, killed at Winchlester, Virginia, Sept. 19, 1864; buiriecl in. National Ceiiietery; lot 17. John K. Ilea, died at Alexandria, Dec. 1, of wounds received at Spottsylvania C. H., Vir-rinia, 3Iay 12, 1864; grave 2809. John H1. Ranldolph, Iiilled at Salenm Heights, Vir-iiiia, MNay 3, 1863. DavidI iSmith, killeda(t Saleiii Heights, Virginia, Mvay 3, 1863. Jamles H. Storey, killed at Wildernless, Virojinia, MTIay 6, 1864. Solomion W. Shakely, kiilledl at Petersburg, Virginia, Julie 19, 1864; bulriedl in Poplar Grove, Natioiial Ceimetery, division D, sectiorl C, grave 38. Freder ick Shakely, killedi at Winchester, Virginia, 3Iay 19, 186 i. Joseph W. Stewrart, died at Chickahoiminy, Virginlia, Juine -7, 1862. R. EC. TlhornbLirg, diedi at Tenlallytownl, D. C., Noy. 2i7, 1861. Jarnes Th-omlpsoii, diecl at-Washinlgtonl, D. C., June 4, 1862; buried in Mvilitary Asyluim Ceiiietery. Samuel J. Trii-itble, killed at Salei-ii Heighlts, Vir giiiia, Mlay 3, 1863. William Thorii, died April 13S, 1864; biiried in Allegheny Cemietery. Jacob) Wellei- killed at Wilderness, Viro,inia, May 5, 1864. Frederick Wiles, died at Baltimlore,'Md., Dec. 4, of wouiids received at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. COwnpansy I. William Ftirehake, clied Sept. 26, of wvounds received at Wii-ichester, Virgiiiia, Sept. 19, 1864. Jam-es Sullivanl, died MIay 5, 1861, of wouiids received at Wildernless, Virgiriia. Hleiiry Wa-n-lback, died at Washil-igton, D. C., April 8, of wounds receivecl at Petersburg, Virginlia, March 25, 1865. Orlando F. Bacoii, killed at Winchester, Virginlia, Sept. 19, 1864- buriecl in Natiolial Cemetery; lot 17. WVilliaiii Copelaiici, died of wouiills, lNIay 9, 1864. H-enry GSartly, died of wrouiids, at Strasbul g, Virginia, Septeiiiber 22, 1864. David Gleinii, died at Brandy Statioul, Virgiiiia, Decemaber 3, 186L3. Joseph Hug,hes, died at Hlalltownl, Virgiinia, MIarch a-, 1861; burlial recorcl, MVarchi 15, 1864; biuried in Natioiial Cemletery, WVil-chester, Virp-iiia; section 26. Lotiis W. Holliies, dlied of woiii-ds received at Wilderness, Virginiia, MIay 5, 1864. Win. Hanldriclkson, died at Waslhington, D. C., Juiie 1.7, 1865; bIvried inl Natioi-ial Cei-iietery, Arliiigtoln, Va. Henry Jeremly, died of wvounlds received at Wildei-ness, MIay 5, 1861. Joseph Ljinuenb rink, (lied at Washili-ton, D. ()., July *27, 1864; buried inl Nat. Ceml., Arlinlgtonl, Va. Jolhn Parmeter, died June 15, 1865; I- luried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Vit giilia. Sha.rf Powel, died of wouiids Oct. 19, 1864, at B3altimlor e, Mcli.; btiried in Natioiial (Deiiietery, Loudoii Park. Johlt Shannoul, died of wouncls, at Winchester, Virginiia, Sep)t. 19, 186G. Aiitholiy Wingorove, died 3Marchl 4,1865; buried in. l'oplar Grove Nation-al Cemletery, Petersburg, Virginlia; section 26, division D, grave 226. Compavy K. Th,)mas iMooney, ktilled at M1alvern Hill, Virginial, July l, 1862. Johii Boyle, killed alt Wildernless, Virginlia, Mlay 5,1S(;4. Sai-iiiiel R. Beatty, killed at Salem l Heiglits, Virginia, MIay 3, 1863. WVilliaml D. Aiidrews, kiilled at Salel-ii Heights, Virginlia, -31ay 3, 1863. John- G. Bitiner, died of wounids, Oct. 20), 1864; buried in. N,ationlal Cemetery, Winchester, Va.; lot 18. Fraiiklin Bateman, clied Jan. 3S, 1865. Joseph Knorr, clied Jaii. 31, 1865. Jolhi MceCabe, died Dec. 17, 1864. C3harles H. Paddleforcl, died June, 25, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Ai-linogton, Virginlia. John- Slkelly, died Junei'23, 1865; buried in Naltional Ceii-ietery, Arlingtonl, Yir-iiiia. Frlilcis Timmery, clied July 1:3, 1862. E. D. Whitcomlb, died at Hampton, Virgiinia, July 4, 1865. Robert B. YLoung, died of wouilds, Maty 20, 1864. Contpcally L WXilliaml J. Phillips, died Decemlber 11, 1861. Aiidrew Kaynes, killed at Wilderness, Yirginlia, May 6, 1864. Tliomas A. Spence, died of wvoiiids received at Cedar Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1861- b)uriecl in National C:emletery, Winchester, Virwinia, lot 17. William Molitgomlery, killed cat Petersburllg, Virginia, Junle 18, 1864. Robert Miller, diecl ()ct. 30, of wounlds received at Cedar Cre-ek, Virginlia, Oct. 19, 1864- biiried inl National Ceinetery, Loudol-i Park, Baltiimore, Malrylanld. Johii 13iair, killed at CSold Harbor, Virg,inia, June 2, 1864; b)uriedl in Natioiial Cemetery; section D. Sylvester Brady, killed at Petersburg, Virginlia, Juiie 19, 1864. Albert Bearchi, killed at Wincliester, Vir ginia, Sopt. 19, 1867. E. A. Chrolidger, died at Portsmouth Grove, Rhode Islaiid, Oct. 4,1862. 1lllilip Curraii, died of wounids receivecl at Wildernless, Virgiiiia, May 2, 1864. Felix C:urranl, died at Alexanldria, Viro-inia, June 3, 1861; grave 2()07. Ilenry Glass, killed at Wilderi-iess, Virginlia, SINay 6, 1864. A. L. Highberger, dield at Georgetown, D. C., March 18, 1862; burlied in Military Asylum Cellietery. W7illiam J. Mlulholland, killed aIt Saleml Heights, Yirginlia, May 3, 1863. W. Jas. 3Iulhollai-id, killed at Saleiii Heights, Yirginia, lay 3, 1863.1 David Miller, died at Portsiiiouth Gi-ove, R. I., July 17, 1869,. Fraiicis -McCord, killed at Salem fleights, Virgiiiia, MNay 3, 1863. Jolin MeCoi-iaha, died Augilst 21, 1864, of w^ounlds i-eceived at Charlestown, Virgiiiia. Reece F. SNeeld, died May 23, of wvouiids received at William-sburg, Viro-inia, Mlay 6, 186-2. David Parlkei- died at Great Falls, IMaryland, Jaii. 14L, 186-2. Johin Reaml, dciied at Anniapol is, M aryland, Blarch 16, 1865. WVilliamn L. Siiiith, died of accidental wounds, Dec. 7, 1861. George W. Usselton, died at Antioch, Yii giiiia, May 31, 1862. Cw-npsany -Al. C. L. Miniiemeyer, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, MIay 31, 1862. Wesley MIcCabe, Icilled at Wilderiiess, Virg,nia, Mlay 5,1862. Williaiii P. BrownI, died Nov. 1(), of wounds received at Wiiichester, Virginia, Sept. 19, 1864. Josephl Huck, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, 3Iay 31, 1862. Robert J. Burhaml, cdied at Salisbury, North Carolina, Dec. 17, 1864. C. H. Chamberlaiin, killed at Fair Oakis, Virginia,:hIay 31, 1862. Stephen XI. Doty, died Dec. 27, 1863. Hiigh Donnelly, killed at Fair Oaks, Yirgiiiia, MNay 31, 1862. Edgar Har ris, died May 15, 1865 - buried iin Natioiial CSemetery, Arlinlgton, Virgiillia. John 1NI. Hosack, died July 28, 1862- buried inl Natioiial Cemetery, Glendale, Virginia; section C, grave 28. Datvid Hainnahi, killed a't Petersburg, Yirginlia, Juiie 18,1864; bitried in Natiolial Cemietery, City Poinlt, Virginia, sectioii D, divisioii 1, grave 15. Williaml McIGregor, killed at Cold Hatrbor, Virginlia, Juille 2,1864 * buried in Natioiial Cemetery; section A. Johln MhcClellan, killed at Fair OakSs, Virgiinia, May 31, 1862. Thomlas MlcDowvell, killed at Cedar Creelk, Yirginia, Oct. 19,1864; buried in Natiol-ial Cemetery, Wrincliester, Virgiiiias. John P. Rowe, died Dec. 19,1861; buried inl Natioi-ial Cemeteryr, Loudon VPark, Baltimlore, Bilaryland. Geoi-ge Snyder, l.illed at Spottsylva1niat Court-House, Virginiat, Mlay 18, 1861[ bouried in Wildernless burialgroulnds. Jolin Tout, died Juiie 13, of wvounds received at Fair Oaks, Virginia., Maty 301, 1862. Datvid H. W7tters, died Julie 10, of wrounds receiyed at Cold Hiarbor, Virgii-iia, June, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD REGIMNENT. Comnpan?y (6. Andrewv 1I. Wilson, killed at Kiiigston, North Catrol iina, December 14x, 1862. Williaiii P. Coulrter, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvaiiia, May 20, 1862, of wouiids received acciden-tall1y. Williamu Altmlali, died Juiie 30, 1862. T-seph A-st- 1, killed+.I i _gt',Nonrth Carolina,De. 14,1G2. Tamer Aillthoiay, died Juine 30,1862. Williaml W. Cochrain, diedl at Plymoutli, North Carolinla, Jan. 6, 1864; buried in Nattional Cemletery, New - bern; plot 7, grave 1()8. Lutlier Cribbs, died on- hospital ship, July l6, 1862. Solomon Dei-itzell, diecl at Wlhite Oali Swvamlp, Yir-iinia, Juiie 30, 1862. Thoii-ias A. 31eredlitli, kiilled at Fair Oaks, Virginlia, 3Iay 31, 1862. William-i J. Murdlock, diecl at White Oak Swamlp, Yirgiiiia, Juiie 27, 1862. Joseph 3leIci-tire, died at Philadcelphia, Penns3ylvanlia, Au-ust 24,1862. IHeiiry Pifer, died att Roan-okve Islai-nd, North Caroliina, August 14, 1864; buried in National Cemeter-y, Newabern- plot 7, grave 22. Jacob Stiffy, clied att Kinigston, North Catrolina, Dec. 14, 1862. John R. Smnith, diecl near Washinlgton, D. C., Alarch 26, 1862. Johnl Younlt, died at Rose Cottafge Hlospital, Virginlia, 3Iay 29,1862. COmpCtliy Fi. Williain R. Grahani, cdiecl at Andersonville, Georgia, August 14, 1864 * grave 5737. William MdcElhany, killeclat Kiii-ston, North Caroliilla, Dec. 14, 1862. Robert W. MeGar-rah, clied at Ai-cdersoiiyille, Georgia, INIarchi 21, 1866; grave 12,806. BeDjatiliiii Edwvardls, clied at Anll-apsolis, Maryland, Malrch 19, 1865. George EC. Frill, cliecl at Yorktownl, Virginia, July 1, 1862; section C, grave 150. Charles Stewacrt, diecl at Annlap)olis, 1NIarylai-id, MaIrch 19, 1865. DavTid Andcersonl, diecl at Aindel isonville, Georg ia, Junle 27, 1864 - grave 2547. J. Renkhin Boyle, clied att Georgetowiil, D. C., Aiigulst 17, 1862; buriedcl ill tilitalry Asylunm Cemuetery. Janmes 13urns, (lied at Aiidel-sonville, Geoi-gia, July 16, 1864; gravTe 3294. John Borts, diecl at Washinlgton, D. C. Date unknowvn. Jacob Bish, diecl at Andersonville, Georgia,.July 5, 1864; grav e 2913. George Borts, cdied att Baltimlore, Alarylandc. Date unlknowvn. Jam-es W. Co ic, died at Harrisoin's Lan-ding, Virginia. Date uilkilowvn. DEvai-is Dahl, died at Newplor t NeNvs, Virgini-ii. Dalte unknlown. Sylvester Dahl, died at Annapolis, Marylanld, Dec. 20, 1864. Anlthoniy Kernls, diecl at Annlapolis, Marylaiid, BIarcli 12, 18G5. FrankQlin Moliney, clied, date unlknownl; btiriedl inl:Nation-al Cemenltery, Mfillen, Ga.; section A, grave 107. Hender-son Mohney, died at Andersoinville, Georgia, Aug. 10, 1864; grave 52GG. John iMayliood, dieci at Charleston, Soiith Carolina, Dec. 14, 1864. James P. Miller, died att Annapolis, 1Maryland, Nov. 3(), 1864. Thiomas Mortimer, died at Roanoke Islaiid, Nortlh Carolina, Sept. 21, 1863; buried in Natioiial ("emetery, Newvbern - plot 7, gr ave 84. John MTNyers, died att Washington, D. C., lNlay 2'2, 1862; buried inl Military Asylum Cemetery. Adani H1. Marsh, died at Pittsburgh, Peni-sylvalii-a. Date ulnknown, Geor-c B. 3Iohney, diecl att Philadelphia, Pennsylvranial. Date ulnknowvn. Datvid lIcPhersoni, died at Aindersonville, Georgia, Aiig. 17, 18641; grave 6014. Georo-e Pence, diecl at Andersonville, Georgia, Aulg. 17, 1864- grave 5910. itotert CJ. Platt, died at Yorktown, Vit-gii-iia, Dec. 15, 1862 - buried at Point Lookout, Marylanld. Rtobert Platt, died - clate, unknowvn. Jaiiies Randolpli, diecl at WVaslhingtoni, D. C:. Date unlI-nown. Thomlas B. Reed, diecl at Washlington, D). C.,:laIy 31, 1862- buried in'Military Asylum Cemetery. Jacotl) Ruiff, died at Anclersonville, Georgia, Aug. 29, 1864* gravre 7202. Jamles RamseyF, died at Andei sonville, Georgia, Juiie 9, 1864. Williaiii W. Sanlford, died at Newbern, N. C., Dec. 28, of wounds received at Kingston Dec. 14, 1862. I-Iiistoni J. Sloanl, dieda(t White I-ouse, Virgiiiia. Date un-lcnownl. Johni Spring,er, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, Aug. 28, 1864; gi-ave 7141. Jaiiies WV. Saxtona, died at P'hiladelp)hia, P'eiinsylvai-ia. Date unklnownl. Williaml B. Siiiith, died at Forti ess tINoiiroe, Virginia. Date unklnown. Joseph Samnpson, cliecl at Roainoke Islatnd, Nortlh Cai-oliiia, Sept. 6, 1863; buried inl Natioiial Cemletery, NeNvberii; plot 7, grave 89. Rob)ert Taylor, dliedl at Waslhiiii-ton, D. C. Datte unki-owia. Reese Thollipson, died at Ai-dersoiiville, Georgia, Jtily 7, 1861; grave 3003s. Michatel Weniier, killed att Kiiigstoni, North Catrolinat, Dec. 14, 18(;2. Jolii Yockvey died att Ai-ii-apolis,:hIaryland, Janr. 9, 1XGa. Sebastiatn Zili1, died at Andlersonville, Georgia, Aug. 2.5, 1864L; grave 6818. Cant.pany? -T. Jacob S. Hiester, dlied at Floi-ence, South Carolina, NTov. 23, 1864. Jacob) Range, died at Florencee, Soutli Caroliiia, Jain. 25, 1865. I-Jiraim Donaldson, died at Florence, Soiith Caroliiia, Jatn. 25, 1865. Jaim-es Harper, died at Aninapolis, Mtarylanld, 3an. 5, 18Ga. A. G. C. Johinstoni, died at And1ersonville, Georgia, July 4, 186-L- grave 2819. Jolii B. Porter, died at YorktowZn, Viilgiliiia, Jiiine 23, 18G'2. Saii--uel Berringer, died at Beaufort, North Carolina, Dec. 14, 186tL; b)uried in National Cemetery, Newvbern; plot 7, grave 126. James Collingwoodl, killecl at Kitio'ston, North Carolina, Dec. 14, 1862. C'harles Cochran, died at Andersonlville, Georgia, Aug. 4, 18GA; gl cave 47 29. WFillia-n- H. Croop, died at Ai-dei-soiiville, Georgia, Aug. 4, 1861; gratve 4682. Tliomlas.J. Day, died att WTashington, D. C., April 3S, 1862; I:uried iii Military Asylum Cemetery. Silioin D)uffy, diecl at Washingtonl, D. C., Mlay 10), 186'2; buried inl Military Asyluiii Ceimetery. Samluel H. Dunlap, died at Relay IIoiise., Mairylatnd, Mstarcli 2;2, 1865.. George W. Grifflll, li-illed at King,ston, Nor th Catroliiia, Dec. 14, 1862. Joliii Griffin, died att Ai-idersonville, Georgia, Jiily 7, 1864-; grave 2988. Johnl Gliost, died at White Oak Swanip, Vat., June 17, 1862- btiriedl inl Nationlal Cemetery, Seven Piiies. Dazvid M1. Gallaller, died at Andei-sonville, Georgia, Aiig, 20, 18G4;- grave 5888. Christo phe l- Henldel sonl, died at Camp Parole, Annlapolis, Mabryland, MNarell 16, 1865. James Hatmiltonl, died July 16, 1862; bzuried in Cypress Hill Ceiiietery, Lon- Islaild. Hleiiry Hobaiigh, died at Suffolk, Virginia. Date uiikinown. Joliii S. Joseph, burial i-ecord, I,. R. Joseph; buried inl National Ceii-ietery, Wilmington, Northl Carolina; gratve 990. WNilliam Joseph, diedl July 2, 1862, btiried in MIilitar.y Asylum Cemletery, D. C. ESpaphro's Kiester, died at Anidersonville, Georgia, July 2(),1864- grave;3634. Williai-ii Major, died at Anldersonlvilln, Ge.orgia July 22, 1861; grave 3793. Foivler MIiller, killed at Faii- Oal;s, Vii-ginia, May 31, 1862. Tl'lomlas L. MNorris, died at Annapolis, tINd., Jiiiie 24, of wVounds received at Fair Oaks, Va., Maty 31, 1862. Jamies 31. Malxwell, die(l att Yorktownl, Virgiiiia. Dalte iinknowsli. Heliii J. MlcGill, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Sept. l11 1864; gra-ve 8469. Calvin MIcCoy, kiSlled at Kingston. Nortli (Carolina, Dec. 14, 1862. iElijah H. McDonatld, Ikilled at Fair Oaks, Yirgiiiia, May 31, 1862. Patrick TyMcAnlallan, died at Harrisonl's IJ-andinlg, Virginia. Date un-known. 1NIattliew MceNees, died att Ainnapolis, Marylatnd, Jiily 26, 18G-2. Jamles K. 3IcCleary, died at Newblern, Nortli CUarolinat, of wvoundls i-eceived at Kingston Dec. 14, 1862. Jaiiies P. 3IcLauglilin, died Juine 10, 18G62; biiried inl Military Asyluiii Ceniletery, District of Columlbiat. Jatmes McGee, died at Anclersoinville, Georgia, Jully 28, 1861; grave 4123. Pattricki Nolail, killed at Kingstoii, Nortli Catroliina, Dec. 14,1862. Franicis Natt, diecl at Floreilce, South Caroliinta, Nov. 9, 18G4. Tlioimas O'Conl-or, clied, date unknttowvn, of wouinds receive(l at Fair Oaks, Virginia, May 31, 18629. Williaml Powers, killed at Kitigston, North Catrolina, Dec. 11,1862. Sailiuel P. Ranlge, died April 23, of wTouiids received att Plyi-iioutli, N. C., April 20, 1864- btiried in National Ceiiietery, Newbern;, plot 7, grave 40. Milo Sankey, died at Neswberii, Nortli Carolina, of -wounds received awt Kinlgstonl, Dec. 14, 1862. Samiuel Sylvies, died at Richlmondl, Virginial. Date ulnknowll. Robert M. Seeton, died at Anc-lersoiiville, Georgia, July 9, 1861; grave 3051. Huogh A. Weakly, died at Annapolis, 3Iai yland, Dec. 22, 1864. (7oml)any K. Joseph C. Mvapes, died at Newrbern. N. C., of wounlds received at Kinlgstonl, Dec. 14, 1862; buried in,National Ceii-ietery * p)lot 7, gravo 51. Johil Stangle, ciied at Newbern, N. C., of wvounds received at Kin-oston Dec. 14,1862- biiried in Nationlal C:emetery; pglot 7, gr ave S. Williaii-i H-. Caldwvell, died at Fortress INIonroe, Virg inia, JLily 5. 1862. John Allman, killed,at Fair Oakis, -Virginia, May 31, 1862. Johin W. Bla-ir, diied at Fortress MIonroe, VirginiaS. Date unknowvn. Janiles Burk, diecl at Yorl,:town, Yirgii-iia; buried inl National Cciiietery; section B, grave 227. Geor-^e W. Bo0xvers, clied alt Arldersoiiville, Georgoia, Aug. 18, 1864 * grave 6074L. Jamles A. Courtney, died at Aii(dersoinville, Georlgiav, Sept. 27, 18G4. Sai-iiuel Calvin, diedi at Aiidersojiville, Georgia, Jul.) 4, 18G4 - gratve 2884. Josepli Cox, died at Andersonville, Geoi-gia, J iily 29, 1864; grave 4357. TI1lomas Ho-ant, died at Anldenionlville, Georgia, Augulst 29, 1864, gravxe 6792. Jaiiies BI. Joiies, died at Char leston,: Soutii Carolinal, Oct. 1, 1864. WNilliain Justice, died at PhliladelpEliia, Peiiinsylv'ania, Au~w. 19, 1862. H. W. Kaemerer, died.It Plyiiioittli, N. C.5 Fel). 10, 1864; buried in Nat. Ceiii'y, Newvbern; plot 7, grave 109. Thloii-as K(nox, clied - datte ulnknownl. John Koch, died at Anldei sonville, Aiig. 2S4, 1864 - grave 6711. John INIcClui-g, Ikillecl at Fair Oatks, Vrirgi iiia, May 31, 18G2. Anclrew Nelson, diecl at Aindersoinville, Georgia, Jiily 22, 1864- gi-ave 3822. John Price, clied June 17, of wounds received at Fa(ir O,aks,Va., May 31, 1862; buried in M1il. Asy. Cem., D. C. Samuel Reed, died att Yorktownl, Va., clate ulnlsnown;n buriedl inl National Cemetery; section B, graive 233. Hulgh Richardson, died at Andersonville, Geor-giat, Aug. 30, 1864- gravee 74110. Tliomlas C. Reeseman, died awt Point Lookoult, MIarylalnd, Jiine 22, 1862. MIicha el Shericlaii, died at Andersonville, Georgia, Feeb. 19, 1863; grave 12,676. Sainluel Shoop, died at Aindersonlville, Georgia, Aug. 19, 1864; grave 620.5. An-drewv Thorn, died at Philadelpliia, Pennsylvanlia, Jiine 8, 1862 * buried inl Lafayette Cemleter y. WVilliaml Todd, diecl at Anldersonlville, Geergiat, Aiig.'29, 1864; gratve 347.3 iViilliani WVrag-r, died at AnnaprTolis, MIaryland, Dec. 22, 186G4. Jollln Worchiter, *lied at Dalvid's Island, New Yor k, Jiily 28, 1862. Edwvard W. Wliite, died at Aiidoi-sonlville, Georgia, Aiig. 29, 1864 - grave 7277. Jacob) Weaver, diecl at Philadelphlia, Pennlsylvantlia, Aug. 2i, 1862. I,ewis Wise, cliecl at Datvid's Island, New Yorl,. Date unknlown. ONEF HUNDRED AND FIFTH REGIMENT. Comel3aniy D. J. P. CR. Cuimmiskey, killed at Fair Oaks, Virginia, Blay 31, 1862. Charles H. Powvers, killecl at Chancellorsville, Virginia, Maty 3,1863. Daniel R. Snydler, clied Junei l, of wouncls receivred at Wilderness May 6, 1864. Davicl Bell, (lied J-Lte 23* burial record June 26, of wouilds received at Fair Oalcs, Va., May 31,1862; buried in Cypress Hill Cemletery, Long Islaiid. Satmuel CriswTell, ktilledl at Charles City Cross-Roads, Virgiillia, June 3(),18G2. Ai-cdrewv Cliristie clied Jullie 17, of wouiicls receivecl at Petersbiirg, Vct., June 16, 1864; buried in National Cem-eteryt, City Poiiit; section E3, dlivisioii 1, gratve 135. Thoiiias Datvis, cdied Dec. 31,1864- bulriecl inl Nattioiial Cellletery, Arling~ton, Virg'inia. Mattthew Eaglieson, diecl Feb. 19, 1865; buried inl Poplatr Grove Natioi-ial Cem.- see. D, div. C), grav^e 33. Sttmluel S. Halys, diecl at BSeverly, Neiir Jers3ey, Oct. 9, l8G4. Jolin Hilliard, die(l Dec. 15, 1862; buried at Point Lookout, MIary,land. Sebastiaiill ogant, clied Oct. G), 1861. NaTtlian Noble, diecl July 20, 1862. Winl. Peiii-iino-toi, kzille(l a-t Fair Oakts, Virgiinia, DIay 31, 1862. George 1'1otler, ltifled at Falir Oaks, Virginia, M\ay 31, 18G-2. Josiahl Y. Pleplpear(], kvillecl.tt WVildleriiess AVirginia, MIay 5, 1864. George L. Evilcey, killedl at W0ilderness, Virgiiiia, tIlay 5, 1864. Wiiil. IRiddllc, killedl at Falir Oalcs, iriginlia, May 31,18G2. Chlarles B. Ross, kzilledl at F'air Oakss, Vir-ginlia, MIay 31, 186-2. Josepli r1einlsel, diecl at Annlapolis, 3Iarylandc, Blar. 16, 1863. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENN5SYLVANIA.238 Gershon Saxton, killed at N17ilderness, Virgiiiia, May 5,1864. Wiii. Shaffer, kille(I at Deep Bottom, Virginia,, Aiig. 16, ISG4. Wm. Smitb, died at Richmond, Virginia, July 2, 1862. Heni-y Shaffner, clied July 2, of wouiids received at Fair Oalcs, Yir-inia, May 31, 1862. George Stokes, died at Salisbury, North (larolina, Jan. 23, 1865. John Il'ilson, killed at Fair Oaks, Yiro-inia, May 31., 1862. Geor-e Wood, Iiilled at Fair Oaks, Virginia, iNlay 31, 1862. Jno. Yingling, killeclat Petersb'g, Va., Jtine IG, 18G4; bui-'din Nat. Com., City Poiiit: sec. D, di-v. 1, gra've7S. ONE HUNDRED AND SEAIE-LNTEE-LNTI-I REGIILIENT. Conq)(oal E. Pat'Ic Kane, died June 20, of ivo-Lii-icls receivecl at I-Iawes's Shol), Viro-inia, May 28, 1864. Nathaniel S. Sneyd, Icille(i at Hatcher's Ruii, Virginia, Feb. 6, 186-0. Bernarcl Whiti-icy, died May 20, 1864. Felix Burns, Iiilled at Ha'wes's Sliop, Virgiiiia, 3lay 28, ISG4. Wm. Leeziire, died May 20, 1864. John Murray, died at Ai-iclei-sonville, Georgia, 3lay 20, 1864; bui-'l record, May 29, 1864; grave 1461. Albert Storm, killed at Raleigli, N'ortit Carolina, Apr. 13, 1865. Jolin Black, died lVlay 30, of w'cis ree'd at I-lawes's Sliop, Va., May 28, 1863; b'd in Nat. Ceiii., Cold Harbor; section A. John Caiioly, diecl Aug. 4,1864, at Baltiii-iore, INRI., of iv'ds ree'd in ac'n; b'd in Nat. Cein., Loudoii Park. W-m. Davis, died Feb. 19, 1864; burie(I at Richiiiond, Yirginia. James Grear, died at Anclersoyiville, Georgia, Tday 20, 1864; burial record, 3lay 10, 1864; graye 1001. Abraham 3loore, IfflIed at Hawes's Sliop, Yirginja, T)I.ay 28, 1864. Wm. 1NIeSliafney, Iiilled at Ha-,ves's Sliop, Va., Tday 28, 1864; buried in Nat'l Ceni., Cold Harbor, section B. Alexaii(ler McManus, died April 16,1865; buried in United States Geiiei'al Hospital Cem., Annapolis, 31cl. John Reighart, died at Aiidersonville, Georgia, May 20, 1864:; btirial record, July 6, 1864; grave 2979. William Sir-an, died May 20, 1864. David Sheppard, diecl at Ricliii-ioiid, Virginia, 3lay 26, 1864; burial record, Mar. 10, 1864. Isa.ac Weiitz, died Juiie 29,1865.; b-tiriecl in 31t. Kalii-ia Cenietery, -larrisburg, Peniisylvania. ONE HUiNDRED AND TWENTY-TIAIRD REGETNIENT. Clon2j)avy A. Edward W. Blalce, diecl at Alleghe-ny City, Pennsylvania, Dec. 5,1862. William Cald-well, died near Falmouth, Virginia, Jan. 2, 1863. Afidrew Gralian-1, clied at Frederick, Maryland, Nov. 12, 1862. Henry I-larbison, died near Falmouth, Yirginia, Nov. 29, 1862. Com_pagzy B. Andrew A. 3leKain, killeci at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1863. Gottleib Burkhart, died at Falmouth, Yirgiiiia, December 28, 1862. Alexander Dimler, killed at Fredericksbuilg, Ya., Dec. 13, 1862. William Dillon, killed at Fredericksb-Lirg, Yirgii-iia, Dec. 13, 1862. John Herman, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862. Laertes White, died Oct. 19, 1862; buried in National Cen-ietery, Antietam, Maryland; sectioii 26, lot B, grave 121. coml)(I"ny C. Albert M. Boyce, died of wounds, Dec. 19, 1862; b-uirie(i in Military Asylum Cenieterv, D. C. James Doiidgen, died at Washington, D. C., Sept. 14,1862; buried in Military Asylun-i, D. C. Jolin R. lvlunden, killed at Fredericlisburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Johi-i A. Parke, died Dec. 25, 1862. Jaiiies B. Stevenson, died 31areli 7,1863. Com.pauy D. Micliael Barnett, died at Sliarpsburg., Maryland, Oct. 24, 1862. Nicholas Ba-ney, killed at Proderielisbiirg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Joseph Heiserer, Iiilled at Fredericlcsburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Henrv Jeiihil-is, Iiilled at Fredericksburg, Virginha, Dec. 13,1862. August 31undel, Iiilled at Frederichsburg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862; buried!D Mi itai-y Asylum Cenietery,D.C. John Montague, killed at Fredericksburg, Virgii-iia, Dec. 13, 1862. George Waclienhuth, killed at Fredei-iclisburg, Yirginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Co?npany E William Cowley, died at Aquia Creek, Virginia, Dec. 1-9, 1862. John Callender, (lied i-iear Falmouth, Yirgii-iia, Dec. 23, 1862. John R. Dewhiirst, died at Sliarpsbiirg, Maryland, Nov. 4, 1862. Alexander Dallas, killed at Fredericksburg, Vii-gii-iia, Dec. 13, 1862. Adam Ferguson, died at Falmo-Lith, Yir-iiiia, Nov. 27, 1862. Alex. Forrester, died at Pittsburg, Virgii-iia, Jan. 25, 1863. Samuel T. Ilarris, died near Falmoiitli, Virgii-iia, Dec. 4,1862. Williani Kolday, died Dec. 20, of wouiids received at Fredericlisburg, Virgillia, Dec. 13, 1862. Com,pavy -Py. Eli Hemphill, died March 21, 1863. Daniel K. Kipp, killed at Fredericksbiirg, Virgii-lia, Dec. 13, 1862. George Chambers, died at Wasliington, February 18,1863; biiried i-n 31ilitary Asylum',Cemetery, D. C. Williaiii Mehaffey, killed at Predericli-sburg, Virgii-iia, Dec.'13, 1862. Warren MeWilliams, died Nov. 6, 1862; bui-ied in j'-,7atioual Cemetery, Arlington, Yirginia; bloch. 2, section 3, row 15, grave 61. John B. Pattersori, died at Washington, D. C., Mareli 5, 1863. Janies A. San(is, died April 15, 1863. George Waltei-, died Dec. 18, of wouii(Is 1'eceived at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862; buried at oint Lookout, Maryland. James M. Watson, died at Windmill Point, Virginia, Jan. 28, 1863. Company G. Dai-liel Boisol, died Dec. 27, of wouncls received at Fredericksbiirg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862; buried in Ui-iion. dale Ceinetery, Hilldale, Alleglieiiy Couiity, Pennsylvaiiia. Joseph Downing, died at Frederick, Maryland, Nov., 1862. Samuel Fairley, died at Frederick, Maryland, Nov. 14, 1862; biirie(I in National Ceiiietery, Antietam,'; section 26, lot E, grave 458. Robert 3leCasland, died 31arch 27, 1863. Company H. Robert W. Bard, died at Camp I-umphreys, Vir-iiiia, February 11, 1863. Johii J. Downey, died at Camp Humphreys, Virgiiiia, iNlarch 16,1863. Cyrus Gold, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Sylvaiius Samonton, died Dec. 23, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Johii Seville, died Dec. 24, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Yirginia, Dec. 13, 1862. William Sii-ialley, died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 28, 1863. Company I. James R. Coulter, killed at Fredericksburg, Vir-inia, Dec. 13, 1862. Robel-t Lll. Reed, diecl of wounds i-eceived at Fredei-iclisburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. James B. McLaiiglilin, died of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Yii'ginia, Dec. 13, 1862. John 1NIcIiityre, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862. Willian-i A. Ross, died at Washiiigton, D.C., Jan. 21, 1863, of wounds received at Frederichsburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. John C. Silvis, died at Camp -lumphreys, Vir-inia, Febriiary 28, 1863. William Tweedy, clied at Canip Huniphreys, Virginia, Fel). 7,1863. W. S. Tantlinger, killed at Frodeideksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862. William Tlloiiipson, died at Frederick, Maryland, Nov. 11, 1862; buried in7National Cemetery, Antietam; sectioii 26, lot 1), grave 450. Peter Callahan, died at Sharpsburg, Maryland, Nov. 4, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam; section 26, lot C, gm, ve 243. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. Coiiz a,)iy E, Daniel Grall, died near Sharpsburg, 31aryland, Oct. 24,1862. Daniel Killian, killed fiear Fredericksburg, Virginia, April 3, 1863. Robert Runclles, died at Belle Plain, Virginia, Feb. 28, 1863. Com -F. _pany Alfred C. Lindsay, diecl May 1, of wouncls receive(i in aCtiOll 3lay 30,1863. 31artiii V. Jacksn, killed at Freclei-icksburg, Vi r-inia, Dec. 13, 1862. Fredcricl Coiirad, diedat RichmoTid, Vii-o-inia, Jaii. 10, 1861. James Gormly, killed at Fredericksbtirg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862. Robert S. Stoner, died at Warrenton, Virginia, Nov. 16, 1862; buried in LNational Cenietery, Arlii-igtoll block 2, sectioi-i E, row 8, grave 81. Eman-Liel Staley, diecl at Belle Plain, Virginia, Dec. 23, 1862. Evans Williams, died Jan. 1, 1863, of wouncls received at Freclericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13,1862; buried in lNlilitary Asyltim Cemetery, D. C. Gompany G. Johii C. 3leClang, died at Washington, D. C., Nov. 23, 1862. Willi.am C. Bell, diedat Belle Plain, Yirginia, Jaii. 5, 1863. Joseph Z. Clark, died at Smoketown, Maryland, Jan. 30, 1863; buried in National Cein-ietery, Antietam; section 26, lot B, grave 209. Hiram A. PoNvers, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 110, 1862. Jacob Soland, killed at Froderielisburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Comj)avy H. Samuel S. Marchai-id, diecl at Richniond, Virginia, Feb. 18, 1863; burial record, Feb. 7, 18613, of Avouiids received at Fredericksburg, ATirginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Johi-i Burke, (lied Dec. 19, 1862. Charles Cutlibert, killed at Frodei-icksburg, Yirgiiiia, Dec. 13, 1862. Saniuel Al. Leese, clied Jan. 15, 1.863. Goorp-e Iluse, (lied Dec. 14, 18G2; 1mrial. record, Dec. 6, 1862, at Alexai-idria, ATIrginia; grave 574. Jas. Ii. P. INIcKee, killed at Fredericksburg, Yirghda, Dec. 1-3, 1862. Henry 11. Stottler, (lie(I Feb. 3, 1863; buried in Military Asylun-i Cemetery, D. C. Johii Whitehead, died Jan. 22, 1803; buried in INlilitary Asyltim Coli-ietery, D. C, INIatthew 11. Wray, died Feb. 25, 1863. O'LNTE HUNDRED AiND THIRTY-NINTH REGIiNIE-LNT. Compavy D. James T. Harbisoii, killed at Salem Heiglits, ATirginia, May 3, 1863. Michael INItillin, killed. at Petersburg, Virginia, March 23, 1865. Ona J. Adains, (lied Jui-ic 2, of wouiicls received at Spottsylvania Court-House, Yirginia, May 12, 1864; buried in Natioi-ial Cemetery, Arlii-igtoii, Virgii-iia. George, I'li-l-lithill, killed at PotersbLir-, Virginia, Jiii-ie 18, 1864. John McGowan, killed at Wil(leriiess, Yii-gii-iia, May 6, 1864. Lewis H. Quiiin, die(i May 10, of wouii(Is received at Wilderness, ATirginia, Tday 5, 1864. Alfred.Baker, killed at Spottsylvania Court-Hotise, Virgiiiia, Blay 12, 1864. Robert Ctiiiiiingliam, died at Alexandria, Yjrginia, Dec. 5, 1862. Robert C. Carnahai-i, clied at Alexaiidi-ia, Vir-iiiia, April 21, 1863. Joseph Dawson, died at Harper's Ferry, Vii-giiiia, NTov. 20,1862. Samuel 0. Davis, died Dec. 1, IS62; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. David Dees, died at Pliiladelpliia, Pennsylvania, July 23, of wounds roceived at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, June 18, 1864. Herman Graulich, died June 8, of ivoiiiids received at Wilderness, Virginia, Blay 5, 1861. John S. Hamiltoi-i, died Alay 14, of wounds i-eceivecl at Spottsylvai-iia Coiirt-House, Ilay 12, 1864. Isaac Harris, died May 23, of Avounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864. Jolin C. Hutchman, killed at Spottsylvania.Court-House, Virginia, May 12, 1864. Richai-d 1VIorrow, diecl lNlay 6, of Nvouncls r6ceived at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. George McCandless, died at Washington, D. C., Nov. 22, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Ce-nietery. Johii H. Osborn, died at Baltiii-iore, Marylai-id, July 6,1863. W. Rushenburgei-, killed at Wilderiiess, Virgii-iia, Alay 5, 1864. Andrew C. Wilson, died Dec. 14, of wounds received in action, Nov., 1864. Clomj)any Ei. J. 1NI. Sample, died July 16, of wounds received at Gettysbur-, Peiansylvania, July 3,1863; buried in Mount U1,1ion. Cemetery, Alleglieny City, Pa. John H. Ai-iderson, died at Apollo, Pennsylvania, Jan. 14,1864. James H. Cochran, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, 3lay 5, 1864:; buried in Wilderness biirial grouiids. Washington Anderson, Iiilled at Cold Harbor, Va., Jun c 3, 1864; bii ried in Natioi-ial Cemete i-y; section A. Benja,uiin Bryan, died at Plliladelphia, Pennsylvaiiia, July 28, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virginia, Juiie 1.8, 1864. William 31. Bail, (lied June 22, of wotinds received at Spottsylvaiiia Court-House, May 12, 1864; burie(I in National Ceiiietery, Arlington, Virginia. Williaiii R. Dawsoii, clied May 23, of wound'S i-eceived at Spottsylvania Cotirt-Hoiise, Virginia, 3lay 12,1864. Hugli Kerr, died Sept. 18, of wounds received at Fort Stevens, District of Coltimbia, July 12, 1864; buried in National Cen-ietery, Arlington, Virginia. Williani G. Risher, died July 1-0, of wounds received at Fort Stevens, District of Columbia, July 12, 1864; buried in Natioi-ial Cenictery, Arlington, Virginia. Samuel L. Spicher, killed tit Wilderiiess, Yirginia, lVlay 5, 1864. Joshua L. Tillis, diecl, Feb. 5, 1863; bui-ied in btii-ial-gi-oiiii(is, Wilderness, Yii-ginia. Thomas Wright, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, 3lay 5, 1864. Co)n_pany E William W. Dver, died of wouiids receivecl at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 2,1864; buried in Unioiidale Cemetery, Allegheny City, Pennsylvai-lia. Wilsoii Stewart, died Aiig. 18, 1863. Robert N. Culnier, Iiilled at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jiine 3, 186-1; buried in National Cenletery. Jaiiies H. Crider, died at Windii-iill Poiiit, Virginia, Feb. 7, 1863. Johii W. Headley, killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia, Oct. 19, 1864; biiried in National Cei-netery, Winchester. Otto Bcelii-iiig, hilled at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, March 25, 1865; burie(I in Poplar Grove Natioi-ial Cemetery; division D, section C, graye 196. Sinion B. Singliose, killed at Salem Heights, Virginia, May 3,1863; buried in Wilderness burial-grounds. George 0. Sessions, killed at Spottsylvania Court-l-louse, Virgiiiia, May 12, 1864. Lavosier H. Pollock, clied at City Poiiit, Yirgii-iia, Jui-ie 28, of wounds received at Petersburg June 18, 1864. Noble G. Allen, died June 29, 1861; burial record, June 1, 1864; biiriecl in National Cemetery, Arliiigton, Vii-giiiia. Daiiiel Ferroii, diecl at White Oak Church, Virginia, April 18,1863. William Grubbs, Icilled at Saleni Heiglits, Virgii-iia, May 3, 1863. David P. Grubbs, clied May 7, of wouiids received at Wilderness, Virginia, 3lay 5, 1864. W. AV. Henderson, died at Whitc- Oak Cliurch, Vir-inia, Juiie 6,1863. Jolii-i Blorte, diecl at Fredericksburg. Virginia, May 16, of wouncls received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Josia-li R. BleDaniiel, die(I at Washington, District of Columbia, Aug. 1-0, of wounds received at Wildel-ness Yirginia, Blav 5, 1864: btirie(I in National Cenietery, Arlington. James A. llbss, killed at Opeqiian, lrinLdnia, Sept. 19,1864; burie(i in National Cemetery, Winchester. Williali-i Smith, hilledat IVildet-ness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. George Ste-wart, died at Fredericksburg, Vit-ginia, Alay 16, of woiinds received at Spottsylvania CourtHoiise 3lay'12, 1864. Jan-ies H. Wilson, killed at Wilderiiess, Virginia, Alay 5, 1864; buried in Wil(lorness burial-grounds. coml)(Iny 0. Cyrus 1-1. Thoinpson, die(I at Downsville, Maryland, Oct. 18, 1863. John W. Morrow, Iiilled at Opequan, Virgii-iia, Sept. 19, 1864. Lewis B. Caxner, died Nov. 25, 1864. James Al. Cress, diedat Washington, District of Columbia, Jan. 5, 1863. I-Tenry Horn, ki I led at Wilderness, ATirginia, May 5, 1864. Williani McGill, killecl at Spottsylvai-iia Coiirt-House, Virginia, 3lay 12,1864. Law. Standacher, lz-illed at, Spottsylvania Coui-t-Hoiise, Virginia, Alay 12, 1861. William G. Tliotripson, killed at Wildernes,,, Virginia, May 5,1864. Charles G. Weaver, killed at Wilderiiess, Yirgiiiia, 1Vay 5,1864. William B. Bairi, died at White Oak Cl-iiireli, Virginia, Feb. 16, 1863. Alexander Cress, killed at Wilderness, Virgiiiia, May 5, 1864. Simeon Garrett, died at Atidersonville, Georgia, Sept. 29, 1861; grave 9889. James Hamilton, died Sept. 26, of wounds received at Flint's Hill, Virginia, Sept. 21, 1864. John Kahser, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5,1864. Arthur BicIiityre, died at White Oak Cliurch, Virgiiiia, Feb. 15, 1863. Company I' Jolin C. Deinpsey, died May 15, of woiincis i-eceived at Salem Heights,'Virginia, lNlay 3, 1863; buried in St. Mary's Cemetery, Pittsburgh,'PenDsylvania. Johi-i 13raddock, died Feb. 1863; buried in St. illary's Cemetery, Pittsburgli. Conrad R. Basil, died at Annapolis, Maryland, April 25, of wounds received at Petersburg, Yirginia, April 2, 1865. Frc-derick Wills, died at Pittsburgh, Peiinsylvania, Jan. 18, 1863. Henry C. Jolinson, (lied May 29, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, Yirginia, May 12, 1864; biiried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Oliver Beebe, died Oct. 16, 1862; buriecl in Natioiial Cemeterv, Antietain, Maryland; section 26, lot D, grave 425. Josepli C. Cochran, drowned near Cumberland, Maryland, Feb. 4, 1864. Jaines S. Dalzell, died at Andersonville, Georgia, ALig. 1, 1861; burial recorcl, Oct. 14, 1864; grave 10,917. Williai-ii Dorn, died Jiily 4, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 3,1863; buried in National Cemetery; section E, grave 20. Blichael Fitzpatrick, died Nov. 16, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Aiitietam, Tffaryland; sectioia 26, lot D, grave 422. Jan-ios Lealiey, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. John Liiidsay, died Jui-ic 1; bui-ial record, lvlay 29, 1861, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Coiirt-House, Virginia,'Blay 12,1864; buried iTi Nlatioiial Cemetery, Arliiigton. Ed-,vard 3leNeely, die(I April 23, 1863; buried in Military Asylum Coinotery, District of Columbia. Geoi-ge Patten, Iiilled at Wil(lerness, Virgiiiia, ITay 5, 1864. Samuel M. Phillips, died Jlily 19, of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Viro-inia, June 2, 1864; buried at Alexandria, Virginia; grave 2428. Jolin Slacker, died at Alexandria, Virginia, Sept. 15, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864; grave 2674. Joseph Texter, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, lUay 5, 1864. ComIgany If. Charles L. Alberger, killed at Cold Harbor, Virginia, June 2, 1861; buriecl ii-i National Ceiiietery; sectioil B. Elijah A. Lewes, killed at Saleiii Heights, Virginia, ilay 3,1863. John H. Evans, clied J-Line 24, of wounds received at Cold Harbor, Virginia, Jui-ie 3, 1864. James AV. illeWilliaiiis, died at Pittsburo-li, Pennsylvania, 31arch. 10, ISG4. Jerome Daily, died illay 28, of woiincis received at Wilderness, Virginia, INlay 5, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlin gton. William M. Dicliinson, diecl near Falniouth, llirgiiiia, 1.Tarch 25, 1863. John Doi-iovaii, died at Aiidersoiiv ille, Georgia, June 29, 1864-; grave 2657...v; TJSJORY 1-i OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. -Alexander Richey, died at Falmouth, Virginia, Api-il 17,1863. Samuel E. Sloan, killed at Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865. Thomas Y. Venosdol, died Sept. 16, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island. William Walton, killed at Gettysbur-, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1863. Company P. Edward E. Clapp, killed at Laurel Hill, Virginia, May 8, 1861. William Amawalt, died Jan. 13, 1863. Frank Martyn, died Juiie 7, 1861, of wounds received in action. Asberry W. Secrist, killed at Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865. Charles Bardeen, died of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. John H. Macken, died June 12 of wounds received at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5,1864. William McCabe, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864. George R. Markle, died April 13 of wouilds received at Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865. Theodore Baldwin, died of wounds received at North Anna River, Virgiiiia, May 23, 1864. David Burkhart, died at City Point, Virginia, Jan. 6, 186 -0. John Cope, died JaTI. 4, 1863. Samuel Carnihan, died Sept. 1, 1861. Brice Easton, died Oct. 3, 1863. Williain Fullertoti, died Jan. 12, 1863. Sanson Hough, died Nov. 3, 1862. William J. Hill, died Nov. 2, 1863. William Holsinger, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18,1864; btiried in National Cemetery, City Point; section ID, division 1, grave 147. Jacob Kennedy, died April 2 of wounds received at Petersburg, Virginia, March 25, 1865. Samuel Mayes, died April 19 of wounds received at Five Forks, Virgiiiia, March 30,1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Hugh McCord, died Dec. 24,1862. James L. Snodgrass, died Nov. 16, 1862;'buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, Maryland; section 16, lot B, grave 123. Henry West, died at Alexandria, Virginia, Dec. 9, 1862; biirial record, Dec. 11, 1862; grave 594. George Wilie, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, Mai-ch 25, 1865. Company I. Samuel A. McKee, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, Jtine 16,1864; buried in Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvariia. James Strong, killp-d at Qtiaker Road, Virginia, March 29, 1865; btiried in Poplar Grove Natioiial Cemetery, Petersburg; division C, section C, grave 12. Charles 3latthews, killed at Fredericlsburg, Viro-inia, Dec. 13, 1862. Fi-ancis Thon-ipsori, died Jaii. 9, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virgiiiia, Dec. 13, 1862 buried in Military Asylum Cenietery, D. C. Samuel Keys, died Juiio 3 of wounds received at Spottsylvania Coiirt-House, Vir-inia, May 12, 1861; buried in Natiotial Cemetery, Arlingtoii. Thomas McCLisli, killed at Five Forks, Vit-ginia, April 1, 1-865. James J. S. Phillips, killed at Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, IL865. Samuel Reynolds, died Oct. 18, 1864. Josepli Adams, died Oct. 26, 1862. Amos Boley, killed at Laurel Hill, Virginia, lvlay 8,1861. Nicholas Biehl, died at Alexandria, Yirgiiiia, July 21, of wounds received at Petersburg, June 18, 1864; grave 2439. Samuel J. Deni-iy, killed at Peeble's Farm, Sept. 30, 1864; buried in Poplar Gi-ove National Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia; division C, section H, grave 51. Hiram Frantz, died Dec. 19, 1862. William Gold, died Oct. 24, of wounds received at Peeble's Farin, Sept. 30, 1864; buried in Poplar Grove National Cemetery, Petersbtirg, Virginia; division 1), section D, grave 60. Alfred Gold, died at City Point, Virginia, Oct. 2, of wounds received at Peeble's Farm, Sept. 30, 1864. John P. Hardy, died at City Point, Va., Nov. 10, of wounds received at Boydton Plank Road, Oct. 27, 1864. Jaii-ies Ingram, died Jtine 20, of wouiids received at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1861. Lewis Kilgore, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. William Alontgomery, died April 28,1865; buried in Poplav Grove National Cei-iietery, Petersburg, Virgiiiia; division E, section E, grave 265. Thomas C. Mai-tin, killedat Petersburg, Virginia, Juiie 18,1861; buried irl National Cemetery, City Point; section E, division 1, grave 105. James McCluen, died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 3, 1863; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery. John Pearson, died at Alexandria,'Virginia, Aug. 21, of wounds received at Petersburg, Juiie 8, 1864; grave 2606. James A. Rankin, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, Jtine 18, 1864:. John Rankiii, Jr, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Samtiel G. Rankin, killed at Hatelier's Run, Virgiiiia, Feb. 6, 1865. Geor-o W. Wilcox, killed itt Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863; buried in Natioiial Cemetery; see. C, grave 50. Coubpany if. Frederick Sheclcler, killed at North Aiina Itiver, Virgiiiia, May 23, 1861; but-ial record, E. Sheker; clied at Richmond, Virginia; bui-ied in National Cemetery; section C, division 3, grave 158. Willial-a E. McClure, died iiear Falmotith, Virginia, Nov. 20,1862. James A. Galbraith, died March 2, 1863. John L. Ferer, droNviied April, 1865. Jolin Q. A. Barrett, died Jtine 3, of wouiids i-eceived at Spottsylvaiiia Court-Hoiise, Ya., 3lay 10, 1861. Reuben Barnhart, died at Washington, D. C., Jtily 5, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Robert Brewster, killed at Five Forlis, Virgiiiia, April 1, 1865; buried in Poplar Grove National Ceiiietery, Petersburg, Virgii-iia; divisioii A, section D, grave 4. Johii Cowan, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 3, 1863. John Carney, died Mareli 4, 1863. E. A. Calhoun, killed at Wildei-i-iess, Virgii-lia, Alay 5, 1861. Jacob Cro-le, died at Stoneman's Switch, Virginia, Dec. 4, 1863. John Campbell, died at Frederick, Alarylttnd, Nov. 9,1863; burial record, Nov. 21, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam; section 26, lot E, grave 464. Benj. B. Eaton, died at Aquia Creek, Virginia, Jan. 20, 1863. Joliti A. Flemiiig, killed at Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1863. Calvin Gray, killed at Peeble's Farm, Vit-gii-iia, September 30,1864; buried in Poplar Grove Natioi-ial Cenietery, Petersburg; divisioii E, section E, grave 409. Daniel Howser, died at Stoneniaii's Switch, Virginia, Jai-I. 12, 1863. William B. Hayes, died at Frederick, Marylaiid, Nov. lq, 1862; burial record, Nov. 8, 1862; bui-ied in National Cemetery, Antietam; section 26, lot E, grave 456. Thomas Hosack, killed at Latirel Hill, Vii-ginia, May 8, 1861. William J. Jolinson, died at Wasliington, D. C., July 11, of wounds i-eceived at North nna Ptiver, Virginia, May 25, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Isaac L. Moore, died at Frederick, Marylaiid, Nov. 15, 1862; burial record, Nov. 2, 1862; biiried in National Cemetery, Antietam; section 26, lot E, grave 463. David Marshall, died Feb. 11, 1863. William McCullough, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1861. D. L. McCloskey, died at Washington, D. C., Ju.ne 15, of wounds receive(I at Spottsylvania Court-House, Virginia, May 10, 1864; biiried in National Cemetery, Arlington. David Ollinger, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1861. Jonathan Robb, died; date unknown. S. Schrecengost, died at Frederick, Ivlaryland, Dec. 7, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam; section 26, lot E grave 472. George Shreckler, died at Stoneman's Switch, Virginia, Feb. 5, 1863. George W. Tliompson, died at Washington, D. C., Nov. 29,1863; buried in Military Asyluui Ceinetery. Andi-ew 1NI. Wolf, died at Phila(lelphia, Pennsylvania, Jan., 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-THIRD REGIMENT. Com.pavyl,'B. Hugh Hazlett, died at Wilmington, Delaware, August 24, 1864. W. J.' Montgomery, died at Baltimore, Maryland, August 9, 1864. Cov?,p a i i y If. Charles Brooks, died at Havre-de-Grace, Maryland, Oct. 30, 1861. David P. Duval, died at Havre-de-Grace, 31aryland, Sept 11, 1864. George W. Evans, died at Altoona, Peniisylvania, Nov. 3, 1864. Robert Rice, died at Havre-de-Grace, Maryland, Sept. 20, 1864. TWO HUNDRED AND FOURTII REGIIHENT-FIFTH ARTILLERY. Battei-y A. Jefferson F. Williams, died at Fort Reno, District of Columbia, Dec. 17, 1864. Battei-y B. Robert Brewer, died at Washington, District of Columbia, Oct. 14,1864; buried in Alexandria; grave 2758. Adams Gilinore, died at Fairfax Court-Rouse, Virginia, Dec. 2,1864. James C. Bleanor, died at Fairfax Court-House, Vir-inia, Dec. 15, 1861. Ballei-y C. Calvin Clements, die(I at Alexandria, Virginia, Dec. 24,1864. James W. Grant, died at Fort Mansfield, P. C., Oct. 8, 1864; buried in National Cemotery, Arlington, Va. Jacob Neno, died at Alexandria, Vir-iiiia, Oct. 16, 1864; graye 2760. James Ewing, died near Falmouth, Virginia, March 1, 1863. Thomas Gregg, died at Andei-sonville, Georgia, Aug. 12, 1861; grave 5122. Fi-ancis Gregg, died at Andersonville, Georgia, July 22, 1864; grave 3792. James Hart, died Aug. 7, of woiinds received at Fort Stevens, D. C., July 12, 1861; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Prest McLaughlin, died at Washin-ton, D. C., March 24,1863; buried in 31ilitary Asylum Cemetery. John J. Ochse, died at Washington, D. C., of wotinds i-eceived at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1864. Thomas L. Vanhorn, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 19, 1861. George Zimmerman, killed at Wilderness, Virgii-iia, Ivlay 5, 1861. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGI31ENT. Company A. Charles C. Johnston, killed at Laurel Hill,'Virginia, May 8, 1861; buried in burial-groiinds, Wilderness. Joseph Bauer, died Jan. 1, 1861. 3leGrew Wiley, died at Falmouth, Virginia, Feb. 25, 1863. Geo. Tackelberg, died at City Point, Virginia, March 27, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virginia, March 25,1865. Samuel Claypoole, died Aug. 5, 1861; buried in National Cemetery, Arliiigton, Virginia. William Davis, killed at Peeble's Farin, Virginia, Sept. 30,1861. George Edmunds, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 27, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864. Henry Holmes, died at New York, Aug. 15,1861; biiried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island; grave 1655. Nicholas Marchand, died Nov. 19, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, Maryland; section 26, lot D, grave 452. Jereiiiiah Nolf, died at Washington, D. C., April 22,1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlingtoil. Isaac Nelson, died at Wa-shington, D. C., Jan. 31, 1863; buried iti Military Asylum Ceinetery. Moses Robbins, killed at Peeble's Farm, Virginia, Sept. 30, 1861; buried in Poplar Grove National Cem-,etery, Petersburg; division C, section H, grave 20. Abraham Smeltzer, died at City Point, Yirginia, Sept. 2r), 1864. Samtiel W. Smith, killed at Hatcher's Run, Vii-ginia, Feb. 6, 1865. Coinpany B. Thomas J. Woods, killed at Laurel Hill, Virginia, May 8,1861; buried in but-ial-grounds, Wilderness. 11 enry R. Canipbell, died at Annapolis, 3faryland, March 18, 1865. William Story, died July 14, of wounds received at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, Jiine 18,1861: buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Islaiid. Adam Black., died Jan. 9, 1863, at Point Lookout, 31aryland, of ivounds received at Fredericksburg, Vir-:ginia, Dec. 13,1862. David 31. Smith, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvaiiia. Julv 2, 1863. Jolin L. Byers, (lied at Bolivar Heights, Virginia, Dec., f862. Alexander Crowley, died July 6, of wounds receivedat Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1861. William Douglass, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Jtily 2,1863; buried in National Cemetery; section C, prave 49. Samuel Edmonds, die(I at Stoneman's Switch, Yirginia, Dec. 12,1862. William Glendenin, died at City Point, Virginia, Dec. 28, 1864; burial record, Oct. 29, 1861. David Hopliins, burial record, died at Annapolis, Maryland, March 17, 1865. Henry Kaner, killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec.. 13, 1862. Xbraham Miller, killed at Peeble's Farm, Virginia, Sept. 30, 1861. William A. Moore, died at Richmond, Virginia, Sept. 16, 1864. Archibald IVIcMillin, died at Sharpsburg, 31aryland, Nov. 7, 1862; bitried in National Cemetery, Antietam!section 26, lot A,, grave 40. Alexander Porter, died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3lay 12, 1863. Jolin Ramsey, died at Appomattox C. H., Virginia, April 12, 1865; btiriecl in Poplar GrO7e National -Cemetery, Petersburg; division E, section E, grave 233. Robert Starr, killed at Hatcher's Ruii, Virginia, Oct. 27, 1864.'Nlichael Seiff-ert, killed at SVottsylvania C. H., Virginia, May 11, 1861; buried in burial-grounds, Wilderness. William Smith, died lVlay 3,1863. Carl Truxall, died at Wasliington, D. C., July 13,1864. William C. Todd, killed at Qtiaker Road, Virginia, March 29,186'a. Michael Weaver, died at Washington, D. C., Alay 6, 1865; biiried in National Ceiiietery, Arlington, Virginia. Company C. Lee Anshtiltz, killed at Fredericksburg, Virgiiiia, Dec. 13, 1862. Tliomas B. Dunn, died, April 3, of woiinds received at Five Foi-ks, Virgiiiia, April 1, 1865. Thomas Wisemaii, died, Dec. 19, of wotiiids received at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862; buried in 31ilitary Asylum Cemetery, District of Columbia. Joseph Sharohan, died of wounds received at Laurel Hill, Virginia, 3lay 8, 1861; buried in burial-grounds, Wilderness. Edwin D. Carpenter, died Dec. 29,1862. Cyi-us L. Jameson, died of wounds received at Five Forlis, Virginia, April 1, 1865. Arithony Thresher, died; date unknown. Samuel Andrews, killed at Laurel Hill, Virginia, May 9, 1861; bi-iried in burial-grounds, Wilderness. Abiler J. Adams, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5,1864. Andrew P. Christy, died at Baltimore, Marylaiid; burial record at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 28,164. Robert F. Campbell, died at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 19, 1861, of wounds received in action; grave 2501. Joseph Funiack, died Jan. 1, 1863; burial record -iqay 8, 1863; buried in, Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 3farion Hartley, killed at Wilderness, Virginia, May 5, 1861. William 14. Liiihart, killed at Petersburo-, Virginia, June 18 1861; buried in Poplar Grove National Cemetery; division E, section D, grave 29. Phillips Perry, killed at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, June 18, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, City Point;:section E, division 1, grave 7o. Geoi-l-e W. Plough, killed at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, June 18, 1864; burial record, Henry Plow, died at City Poiiit, Yii-ginia, June 21, 1864. Alichael Sullivan, died June P2, 1863. John Shue, died, Nov. 5, of wouiads received Oct. 7, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Coinpany D. Alexander Carson, died, Jtiiie 28, of wouiids received at Petersburg, Virgiiiia, June 18, 1861; buried in Natioilal Cemetery, City Point; section C, division 4, grave 175. James Faucett, died, May 15, of wouiids received ai Laurel Hill, 3lay 8,'61; buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington. Alleii Hagoil, died, Jan. 26, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksbtirg, Virginia, Dec. 13, 1862. Williain Sutton, died, April 2, of wounds received at Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865; buried in Poplar Grove National Cemetery, Petersburg; divisiori A, section B, grave 67. John Baxter, died, June 24, of wounds received at Cold I-arbor, Virginia, Juiie 4, 1864. John Beatty, died near Weldon Railroad, Yirginia, Sept. 26, 1864; btiried in Poplar Grove National Ceme-tery, Petersbtirg; divisioil D, section C, grave 274. James Dawson, died at Poiiit Loolcout, Maryland, Jan. 6, 1863. Hiram F. Gilkey, died near Falmouth, Virginia, Feb. 13, 1863. Andrew H. INforris, died Jan. 20, 1863; burial record, Dec. 20, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Yirginia, Dec. 13, 1862; buried in 31ilitary Asylum Cemetery, District of Columbia. James Murphy, died, __Nlay 24, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.,John Price, died at Harper's Ferry, Vir-inia, Nov. 1, 1862. Thomas Reece, died i-iear Falmouth, Vir-inia, Dec. 1, 1862. John A. Stewart, died near Falmouth, Virginia, Dec. 26, 1862. Comj)any E. Joseph B. Sackett, acc.identally drownecl in Cedar Creek, Virginia, Jan. 21, 1864. Isaac Wycoff, killed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvaiiia, July 2, 1863. George W. Bratton, killed at Fredericksburg, Virgiiiia, Dec. 13, 1862. Lewis Schriner, died at Washington, District of Coltimbia, Jan. 5, 1863. N. D. Loutsenheiser, died, INlay 24, of wotii-ids received at Wilderness, Virginia, iNlay 5, 1864; buried at Alexandria; grave 1922, Samuel W. Bryan, killed at Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865. Joshua W. Bryant, died, Oct. 29, of wounds received at Hatclier's Rtin, Virginia, Oct. 27, 1864; buried at City Point. William A. Clements, died near Falmouth, Virginia, Dec. 22, 1862. Absalom Crusan, died at Windmill Point, Vi rgin ia, Feb. 8, 1863. Theophilus CalleD, killed at Cold Harbor, Yirginia, June 3, 1864. John Hunter, died at Annapolis, Maryland, Apr. 9, 1865; buried at Hampton, Virginia. Daniel K. Hori-ier, died, May 16, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlin-ton. John W. Horner, died June 16,1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Wm. S. Hindman, died at Washington, District of Columbia, May 23,1864, of wounds received iD action. W. J. Hixeribaugh, die(I at Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 2, 1864; burial record, Sept. 22, 1864. Wilbur W. Kuhn, died of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Yirgiiiia, Dec. 13, 1862. David Lear, killed at Petersburg, Yir-iiiia, June 18, 1864. William A. Liken, killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 18, 1864. Jacksoi-i Merriman, died July 14, of wounds received at NVilderness, Vil-ginia, May 5, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Thomas Merritts, died at Washington, D.C., October 13, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlingtoii,'Virginia. Edw,ard R. Melcher, died April 21, of wounds received at Five Forks, Vir-inia, March 31, 1865; buried at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dun. McCutcheon, died at Washington, D. C., Aug. 28, 1864. John A. McHenry, died at Now York, Sept. 19,1864; burie(i in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I., grave 1910. Abrahain F. Overholt, died at Sharp.9burg, 3faryland, Oa. 10, 1862. -.James S. Rowan, died at Falmouth, Virginia, Jaii. 14, 1863. 239 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.James S. Ksatie, diecl near Social Circle, Georgia, Nov. 18, 1864; b)uried in National Cemetery, 3Tarietta, Geor'giaT; se ction] I, gi (ave 76. Willi;tm It. lRobiiisoii, kille(l at Wa:uliatc1iie, Tennessee, ~Oct. 29, 1863. George Brlip-gs, (lied Sep)tenitw!r 3, 1,63. Ambrlos,e S. tAdler, died at Atnnapolis, MIarylanld, M1arch 4,18(;2; b)uied in National Cemetery, AntietamI section 26G, lot F, gratve 584. James BSoydl, (liedi att H arper's Ferryt, Vtirgiiiia, iMay 3s,1862. Dalvid Conlely, kiilled at Cedl.ir MXountainl, Viig.iiia Augiist 9, 1862. Peter T. Don;hue, cl ie(l at I Lynchburtg, Yi igiii ia, Jiily 7, 1862a. Ilenry G. GibDson, died. July 9, of wounlds rec; ived a.t G(ettysbulrgf, P?ennsylvaniat, Jtily 2, 1863. F:redericki I-offmi-aii, die d Aiigiist 1l, or w\ounlds rleceiv ed at P'eacb-Tr'ee Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864. Jarnes iMarshacll, killed at Atitiet lm, BINIrytlanld, Sept. 17, 1862; bulriedl in Nationlal Cemetery; sectionl 26, lotAl grave 34:.' -Willialm Matlory, LKillecl at Chancellorwsville, Virginia, M.Hy 2, 1863. Patrick tllaloiie, killed at W.aulilatelhie, Tennlessee, 06t. 29, 1863. Camieron lXloi-ris, dlied 31irIIch 1(),18GI. Heiii-y Rendlcler, died at Goldlsloro, NTortli Carolina, April 3, 1865 Henry ti. Sliedrlori, diedl Oc,t. 22, 186)4; burlied in Naltional C,eiiietery, Nashville, Tennessee. Williatln T-I. Thlomplso)n Iiilledl at Wauli}atclbie, Teiiiiessee, Oc t. 29, 186G3. Frede rick, WVeyinaln, died at Murfreoesb)oro, Tennlessee, Oct. 295,1863. Ratlph Woocds, cdie(l att Andersonville, Geor giat, Oct. 27T, 18G4. Williain Watrden, killed att Warluli.tcliie, Teliinessee, Oct. 2'9,1863. Moses Zeigler, died (Lt Satvannali, Geor(-ia, J(an. 23, 186;5. INDEP:E-NDEiN7T BAT'TERY F (IIAMPTON'S). Robert B. Hampton, lz-illed at Chatncellorsvrille, Virginial, Mafy 3, 1863, biilried in Allegheny Cemetery7, Pa. Josep)h L. iller, ciecl Aiigiist 6, of wotincds received alt Getty sbulrg, Peniisylvanlia, July 2, 1863; buried in Alleghlc-ii Ceineltery, P'ennls. Ivanlia. Janices WAallace, Iiillecl at Winchlester, Yirginiat, May 25? 1862. Richard H. Lee, died; date mlillnown. Johii Brioght, dlied; date unknilown. C3harles R. Brlighlt, accidlentailly kiilled; date unknown. Henlry Fieres, (liecl * date imllnlown. Robje4 Glasgow, died. at. Waslliiiigton, D. C. Datte ulnkno,'in. R,itrick I-Teffernia.n, diecl at Yorki, Perlnsylvaniat. Date uniknown. Williaii-i ffelmanl, dlied * d;tte unkllnownl. Chai-les B-anshlaN, (lied, date ulnknlownz. Willialm HIastinges, 1ied, in action, date 1lninnown. Jacob) Kteirsh, hiilled in) action, datte unhlnown. Jolin E. Lotighry, (liedl at Chlester, Penlnsylvanlia,) August 22, 1864. Williaml Lacy, diecl, (late unkllnown. Josepli S. Lseech, died, clato -unlknlown. Josep)h H-.:IcC:onnell, lhilled in actiozll, date unknown. William J. Nevinl, diecl, clate iiiikiiowYn. Hlugh Piirrdy, killecl in ac tioii, date- unknowsn. Adttm Ratth, killecl in acttiol], (late iilllkioYIvn. J,ames Stacklioiise, diecl, date uillknoivn. John Weber, died, clate unkownvlol. IN-DEPENDECNT BATT1ERY G (YOUNG-S). Robert A. Youlng, died at Fort Delawavtre, Deltaware, Oct. 9, 1862. Robsert MI. Bigger, diedi at Fort Delaware, Delawatre, Oct. io, 1864. Sylvester W. Donley, killed at Op)equarn, Viilginia, Sept. 19),1864. Jatmes GAriffitli, died at Fort Delaware, Delawv.are, ()ct. 1(), 1862. Henry iNI. Giliaiam, (lied at FXort Delaware, Delawatre, Jtily 22, 1863. Jatmes L. Tdanyatrd, dlied at Foi-t Delatxvare, Dezlaw^are, Mlarch i2, 1865. Geoi-ge Neeleyt, died at Fort DeAlaweare, Dellawvare, Sept. 24, 1861. James T. Thlorp)e, died att Fol-t DelwaKre, Delawarlle, Dec. 31, 1862. -James Yance, (lied at Fol-t Delawarse, Delaware, Oct. 4, 186?5. INDEP:ENDECNT B3ATTECRY H (JOH:N I. NEVIN'S). Alvy W. Stlrong-, diecl at Canip Batrry, D. C., Aprlil 26, 1865. W,Illiaii-i Bignell, died at P'ittsburlgh, Pennlsylvanlia, Oct. 30,1862q. PatrickS Cassadyz, diecl att ('amnp Barroy, D. C., Jiiiie 13, 1863. Samulel T. Grov er, (lied at Call-ip BSarry, D. (G.,.1larch 18, 18G6. Augiist 31eiitrc, die d at ^Alexatnd ida, Yirg,ini.a, Aulgwst 2, 1863. Loulis Ochnei-, died at Caitip Bai-ry, D. CJ., ApIill 14,186G3. Jaii-es Otis, died at Aiitietaml, MAarylanld, I'el). 16, 1863. Wasliington Turner, died att Hlo.terstown, lla rylatid, I)ec. 21, 1862. AD)DITIONAL NAMIES. James G. Kiirtz, Sixtyt-fifth Oliio. EiCtlisted N!ovemb)er 2,1862, three years' term. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., Deceilliber -31, 1862. B. F. Kiirtz, CDompantly A, Second WXest Vii-ginia. C. B. Powvell, Seveiitli West Yiilginitt VTeteranl Yolunteers. H-. B3. Diirant, Coiiip(iny A, O)lle Hulnclredtli "1Rouiidlieadl" Reginient, Pennsylvatnia Volunteers. Heiii y W. Coiiley, Conilpany C, Onle Hluiidred ancl TliirtyT-nintli Pennusylvania Volunteers. Killed at Cold Harblor, Va., Julne 3, 1864. J. W. Lal)igfitt, Coiiipaiiy A, ()ne Ilundredth "1 Rtoiinlhead" Regimeiit, Peniisylvania Volunteers. Marslial Jollilston, CDompanly K:, One Hunldred ancl Fifty-ninlth Regii-iient, Foiirteentlh Cavalry. Baltery D. Josephl BrindSle, cliecl at Fort Reno, D. C., Sept. 28, 1861; bDuried in National Cemetery, Ai-lin-ton, Ya. Willialm H. Clossinl, (lied.t Alexandli ia, Virginia, Jaii. 7, 1865. Sinion H. Grifftlti, clied at Alexandrlia, Yirgiiiia,'May 20),1865. Samiuel Holsap)ple, dliedl in Soii-ierset County, P'ennlsylvania, Feb. l8, 1865. Amios Luthei-, clied at Alexanldrial, Virgiliii, Oct. 8, 1864; grave 2S743. Charles C. LJohr, died at Rectortownl, Mlaryland, C)ct. 15, 1864. William. R. Rtober ts, cliedi at Alexancillia, Yirginlia, Dec. 26, 1864- gra-ve 2942. George Shaffer, diecl at Fort Simmoiis, Disti-ict of Columb)ia, Oct. 6;,1864. Battery -F. Samiiel Alb)ert, kiilled at Rectortowvn, Virginia,, Oet. r5, 186;4. Jaii-ies G. Fun1h, died at Alexandrlia, Virginia, Oct. 12, 186i. Joseph W. Slawzsonl, dlied at Alexai)dria, Virginia, Oct. 13, 186i; gra've 27-09. F. J. Weaver, clied ttt Alexmandr ia, Yirginia, Nov. 10, 1864. Batttery G. George Xoter, diecd at Washington, District of Co1Ulumia, Selit. 27, 1864. Leopold Ocli, died at Fairfiax Coulrt-House, Vir ginia, April 20),18G5. Frederick Rockstead, died at Alexzandlria, Virginia, Oct. 31, 1864; grave 2839. Batter?J IT. Edward Coons, died at Vienna, Virginia, Dec. 28, 18G4. Wilson Conlcle, clied at Yienna, Virgiiiia, Jaii. 9, 1865. John Kerr, diecl at Riclimond, Virginlia, Dec., 1861; btirial record, Jan. 26, 1865. Prestly Slhane, dliecl at Yienna, Virgiiiia, Jan. 14,1865. Aiithony T. Acldler, died at Alexandlria, Virginia, Oct. 28, 18s64; graUve 2825. Battery I. James W. 3Iitchell, diecd at Prospect Hill, Virgiliiia, April 28, 1865. George Steel, died aXt Rtichmoiled, Virgiiiia Fieb. 11, 1865; buriatl record, G. Steel, died Feb. 5, 1865. Battery K. iEdward Cook, died att Fort Sulmner, MId., Oct. 5, 1864; biiried in Nationatl Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Elijali D. FlickS, died att Fairfa-x Court-House, Yil-giDia, Dec. 9, 1864. Jeremiah Koontz, died at Fort Sumllner, Md., Oct. 6,1864- bjuried iri Nationatl Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Isaac Koontz, died at Alexandr-ia, Vir-ginlia, Nov. 17, 1SG4; gi-ave 2885. Peter LJape, died at Alexanadria, Virginia, Oct. 28, 1864; gratve 2822. Francis P. Iviller, died at Alexandria, Virg;nia, Oct. 12, 1864- grave 27r55. Ananias Spanger, diedl at Alexaildria, Yirginiat, Nov. 9, 1864; grave 2867. Battery L. John McClulrgh, died at Alexandlria, Virginia, Oct. 29, 1864- grave 2830. Yalentine Rechitor, accidentally Ihilled, Sep)t. 14, 1864. Andrew Straus, kliled att Rectortown, Virginiat, Oct. 5, 1864. Battery 31. Wm. T. Gleiin, died at Alexatndriaf, Virginia, Oct. 20, 1864- gravse 2782. Jacob Buzzarcl, died at Alexandri.a, Virginial, Oct. 6, 1864; gratve 2736. Henry Browvn, died att Fairl'ax Court-House, Virgiiiia, Feb. 19, 1865. Jacob B. Darlbaker, died att Piedmont, Vil-ginia, Oct. 21, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlingtonl; block 2, sectioii E, rowv 14, gra.ve 60. James R. fi'lemmirlg-, died at Fort Sumner, Md., Oct. 1, 1864; buiried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Var. James A. Mikesell, died.It Fort Simmons, Matryhand, Dec. 1(), 1864. Joseph M~,cAllister, (lied att Fatirfcax Court-House, Dec. 13, 1864. lienry Simmers, killed at Rectortown, Virginiat, Oct. 8, 1864. IND:EPENDENT BATTERY C (THOMIPSON'SN. Charles M. Brady, died of woulnds received accidentally, Sept. 24, 1864. Thomct8s C. Bowniatn, died att Washingrton, D. C., March 22, 1865. David Cliase. killedl inl attion, Mla 6, 1863. Henry Herr, died at Walshington, D. C., July 29,1864. Patrick Herb)ert, Iiilled att Berlin, Mlaryaltlld, Nov. 14,1862. Thomwas Henderson, died Nov. 28, of woiinds received at Antietam, Mlaryland, Sept. 17, 1862; bur ied iI1 National Cemnetery - sectioii 26, lot B, gravse 210. Absalom Linkz, d3iedl Julv 13,1l863, of wounds received at Gettysburlg, Pennsylvania. Henry W. Alcatthews, (liedl at Harper's Ferry, Vir,-inia, Dec. 17, 1864. John Rassler, died at Washingtoii, P. C., Mcay 6, 1864. Joseph ShaNvley, (lied at Washington, D. CD., July 28, 1864- bui-ied ina National Cemnetery, Arlin -ton, Vca. George, Weaver, diedI at Washin,gton, D. C I, April 6, 1864. John D. Wishart, died at Walshington, D. C., August 15, 1864; buried in Nationa.l Cemetery, Arlington. INDEPEND:ENT BATTERY E3 (KNAP'S). Charles A. Atwell, died LNov. 1, of woulnds received at Waiihatchie, Tennessee, Oct. 29, 1863; buried in Allegheny C:emetery. Edv.ard R. Geary, killedl at WVauhatchie, Tennessee, O)ct. 29, 1863. James B. Hlazlett, killed at Peacli-Tree Creeki, Georgia, July 20, 1864- buriecl iln National Cemetery, _31aTietta, Geoi gia; section G, grave 585. I IISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY -PENNSYLVANIA.Date of Death. E Mar. 9,'64. I July 210''62. E.................. 1-1 June 18,'62. c.................. B June 5,'65. 1-1 Mar. 9, 62.. F Aii,,-. 29: 6.5 F............ F Sept. 5, (i K Aug. 14,'6'2 Au-. 20,'6 2. IL' Ala"y,'61. May,'64. Aug. 25,'64. c Apr. 5, 64. E Mar. 25,'65. E July 26,'64. H July 7,'64. G Dec. 7,'63. D Nov. 5,'63. D Sept. 1,'64. K iNlov. 27,'63. H Oct. 26,'62. E Au-. 26,'62. Af July 29,'62. 3-1 Oct. 21, 164. K.................. H.................. H Apr. 18,'65. B Jan. 14,'65. H June 21,'64. G.................. B Aiig 1,'64. L Mar. 29,'65. L.................. E Oct. -29,'65. E Dec. 13,'65. E Alay 18,'62. B Jtily 16,'61. 1-1 Sept. 1,'65. F Aug. 2,'63. F Mar. 9,'63. G Feb. 28,'65. G Aug. 30,'64. A Jaii. 15,'63. F Jaii. 5,'63. B Feb. 8,'63. D May,'64. L M ay 5,'6 1. I Dec.,'62. F June 8,'62. E Apr. 7,'65. G Apr. 2,'62. D Feb. 6,'65. D.................. F Jiily, 4,'65. R May 7,'64. T Ju I y 4,'64. F Sep t. 20,'64. E Apr. 15,'62. C May,'64. F Feb. 18,'63. K Feb. 11,'64. K Oct. 26,'64. B.................. I July 27,'62. E Oct. 5,'(34. K Jvine 27,'64. F................................ ay 5,'64. H Jan. 26,'65. c.................. H June 17,'64. K Mity 13,'62. G Mar. 27,'65. 1 Sept. 27, 63. C Feb. 14, 762. C June 17,'64. F Dec. 24,'64. I Oct. 18,'62. I Aug. 21,'64. E Jan. 26, YA. 31 Sept. 2, 6Z B Oct. 26,'63. 1) Jan. 19,'65. * Pec. 27, 164. * Jtily II,'65. p May 30,'65. E 3far. 27,'62. 11 Nov. 25,'62. G Mar. 11,'62. I 31a y 6,'64. G May 55,'61. A Dec. 15,'62. E 31ar. 22,'64. C Sept 17,'62. H Sept 5,'62. A Aug' 16,'64. K June 2,'62. 13 July 5,_'6-5.. E Jun e 26,'61. E.1 u n o IS,'63. K Jiily 12,'64. K Jan. 15,'63. B Atig. 2,'62. El Aug. 16,'62. ivi ID ec. 18''64E I lNh y'O'l,'6 4. D lJuly 17,'64. G I Aiig. 15,'64. D Oct. 20,'64. E E B Oct. 27, 164. I Jun e 28,'65. D i N ov. 17,'61. E Nov. 26,'65. I;July 8,'63. H Jai). 8,'64. E!,Sept. 15,'61. i of 57i U. I., w CID I pl 63 67 7 7 80 61 77 78 78 87 103 204 64 63 61 57 57 57 61 62 63 63 63 63 63 64 65 65 74 so 81 82 83 11 46 65 65 77 77 77 77 78 78 78 87 102 6 2, 46 61 139 139 61 155 62 193 7 7 7 8 80 103 103 63 61 46 5 61 46 78 101 7 6 Bat. 204 Bat. 204 57 62 63 63 74 57.57 61 61 61 w 65 7 4 77 61 77 77 77 7 8 102 61 62 62 37 3 8 61 6 2 63 64 PA 64 61 63 6-113 64 65, 77 38 6,' s 63 77 7 7 77 1 7 8 105 77 7 8 7 8 101 No. of PLACE. Grave. tA lexandrin, V a...................... 1,459.................. U. S. Gen. Ilos. Cem., Annap.............................. Stone R iver, T enn................. 339.................. A lexaiidria, Va...................... 49................... LaNvton Nat. Cem., Millen, Ga. 305 A............ N ashville, T enn..................... 1,45-3 J............ L ouisville, K y........................ 20 A...... 12 N asliville, Tenn..................... 2,35 5 F............. Prospect Hill Cen-i., York, Pa.............................. A n d e i-sonvil I e, G a.................. 9,761.................. Point L oolKout, M d............................................ illaiiipton, V a........................ 19 B 9...... Fredericlcsbtirg, Ya................ 432 C...... B 49................ 4,1 A...... C A i)dersonville, G a.................. 6,185................ Philadelphia, P a............................................... P c-tersburg, V a................................................. N at. Ceni., A rlingtoii, V a................................... City Point, V a.................................................. R ichm m id, V a................................ E'....... Nat. Cem., Arlingtoii, Va............. A ndersonville, Ga.................. 7,491................. M il. A sy. Cen-1., D. C.......................................... F ort Jetfersoii, F la........................................... P hiladelphia, Pa............................................... 4............................................... A ndersonville, G III................... 11,383.................. Ntit. Cem., Gettysburg............ 55 B......... Nat. Cem., Ctilpepper............. 338 A I..... Nat. Cem., City Point............. 48 C...... 4 D anville, V a..................................................... City Poiilt, V a.................................................. W ilniington, N. C.................. 421 1 1............ M arietta, G a.......................... b9o G............ N. C., Loiidon Park, Baltimore, I M aryland.......................................................... Pop. Gr. Nat. Ceiii., Pet'g., Va. 80 1-1...... D Bi-ownsville, Texas................ im 11............ 4 C................ 76 11............ Jefferson Barracks, i-qo........... 66 49............ N ashville, T enn..................... 360 J............ Cincinnati, 0......................... 44 C............ N asliville, T enn................................................ ( 4 323 E................................. Philadelphii, P'll............................................... A ndel-soiiville, G a.................. 7,286........... Fredericksburg, Va................ 62...... B 9................ 30 B...... 13................ 367 A...... B................ 558 1)...... B 347 A...... D................ 29, 6 A...... D Ilam pton, Y a........................ 1.5 A 21............................. lo E 22...... 8 C 6...... Pop. Gr. Nat. g".', a' 147 D...... C Brownsville, Texas................ 169 1-1............ N ashville, T enii..................... 978 J................................................... A ndersonville, G a.................. 2,593.................. 44.......................... Hampton, Ya..................... 23 F 7...... F redei-icksburg, V a............... 482........................... 29 B...... B Salisbtiry, N. C.................................................. Ntit. Cem., City Point, Va....... 42 B...... 2 Pop. Gr. Nat. Ceni., Pet'g., Va. 13 E E Stoiie R iver, T enn.................. 459............ A ndoi-sonville, G a.................. 10,367............ Hanipton, Va........................ 46 E 20...... G ettysbiirg, Pa...................... 28 D............ Antietam, Md....................... 398 D 26...... Jeffersonville, Iiid.................. 37.................. Salisbury, N. C................................................. Patrick Station, Y a..................................... I...... Cyp. H ill Cem.. L. I.......................................... Nat. Cem., Yoi-ktown.............. 222 B............ N ear P etersburg, V a......................................... R ichiiiond, V a................................................... Alil. A sy. Cein., D. C.......................................... M eade Station, Y a............................................ Petersburg, Y a........................................................................................................................ N at. Cem., W inchester...................................... Itielim ond, Ala................................................. Nat. Cem., City Point, Va....... So A...... I P lifladelpfiia, Pa............................................... A nderson-ville, C-xa.................. 12,489.................. N. C., Loiicion Park, Bitlt., Md............................ Mon. Nat. Cem., Chtilniette, La............................ N ashville, T enn..................... 1,227 J............ ic..................... 3(.) A............ ci..........%.......... 187 B............ M il. A sy. Cem., D. C.......................................... Frederielisburg, Va................ 36 A...... C............... 322 A...... D............... I IS A...... B R ielim ond, V a................................ I................... Antietani, -)LId 163 26.................................... M il A sy. CeM.5 D. C.......................................... A ndersonville, G a.................. 5,809.................. N,lt. Cem., Yo-rktown, Ya....... 196 D............ A lexandria, V a...................... 2,314.................. A ndersonvillc-, G a.................. 2,503.................. 31il. A sy. Cem., D. C................................................................................ I.......................... P rospect H ill, Y ork, P a..................................... Philadelph ia, Pa.............................................. 4 c............................................... Salisb-tiry, N. C.................................................. Nat. Ceni., Richmond,'Va....... 32 C 4 Anclersonville, Ga.................. 3,488 Fort Hai-risoii, Va.................. 64 Pol). Gr. N-Itt. Cem., Pet'g., Va. 304 0...... A Galveston, T exas................................. B row iisville, T exas............................... Alarietta, G a.......................... 2 8:,) A............ N ashville, T o-nii...............! 1,396 i............ Pol). Gr. Nat. Cem., Pet'g., Va'. 297 C...... A Mon. Nat. Cem., Cllalii-iette, La............................ N asliville, T enn................................................ cc..................... 58 D............ A ndersonville, G a.................. 8,8021.................. LOCITION OF GRkVE. Date of Death. PLUE. No. o Grave 61 1-1 Jtily 12,'64. W ash. B. G. Cem.......................... 63 C Mar. 9, M4. Alexandria, Va...................... 1,4,161 1.............. Biirial Fields, W ilder liess.............. 0 -0 77 D 1-v. 24,'6. Nat. Cein., Brownsville, Texas. 78 11 Aiig. 5, 63. Nat. Ceiii., Nasliville, 14 80 M Apr. 26,164. Nat. Ceiii., Stoiie Itiver, Tenn.. 3( 101 A ,'6 2. Nat. Cein., Yorktown, Va,........ 4 102 H July 6,'64. Nat. Ceni., Arlington, Va............... 103 F Mar. 29,'65, N a t. Cem-, Wilmington, N. C... E 38 E Sept. 17,'62. Antietam, 31d....................... I( 38 K......................................... 2C 38 I Oct. 2,'63. Ciilpepper, C. H................... 57 E Mar. 16,'64. Richmond, Va............................... 57 C Dec. 28,'64. INE1. Asy. Cem., D. C...................... 57 C Feb. 20,'64. Riclimond, Va.............................. 62 A.................. Burial Grds., W ilderness, Ya.......... 63 B Aiig. 24-,'61. Andersonville, Ga.................. 6, 6 E 63 K Feb. 20,'63. Iffi l. Asy. Cern., D. C...................... 63 K June 15,'63. cc...................... 65 IVI Nov. 18,'64. Andersonville, Ga.................. 12,0 76 K.................. Near Peters1mrg, Va..................... 77 E.................. Stone River, Teiiii................. 1, 80 H.................. Millen, Ga,............................. 1 57 C Feb. 24,'65. Nat. Cem., Loudon Park, Ballimore, 31d................................ 63 A Aug. 3,164. Mominient Nat. Ceiii., Clialniette, La.................................. 77 D Mar. 5,162. Cave Hill- Nat. Cein., Loui's........ Ville, Ky............................ 11 77 E Dec. 4,'65. Brownsville, Texas................ I -),77 E Nov. 30,'64. Stone Rivei-, Teni-i.................. 44 77 B Aug. 22,'64.?Nlarietta, Ga.......................... 2 77 E................... Galveston, Texas.......................... 77 E................................... 77 D May 1,'65. Nashville, Tenn..................... I, 4,-' 80 H Feb. 21,'65. 4 9..................... tl 82 B.................. Pop. Gr. iNat. Cein. Pet'g., Va.. 7,' 103 F July 17,'64. Andersonville, Ga.................. 3,47 63 I May, 164. Fredericksbiirg, Va............... 3( 77 B May,'64................ I C 139...... Feb. 16,'63................ 14 49 K Jan. 11,'63................ 3 62...... May, 6,'63................ 62 A May,'64................ 102 H Aug. 20,'62. Hampton, Va........................ 61 F ,'62......................... 103 K Feb. 6,'63......................... 4 63 K Apr. 12,'62......................... 204...... Jaii. 26,'65. Salisbury, N. C............................. 5 A Feb. 9,'65. 4............................. 37 B Sept. 14,'G2. Aiitietani, 31d........................ 1 57 E Jtiiie 16,'6-1. Nat. Cein., City Poiiit, Va....... 7 57 E- Jan. 31,'62. Mil. Asy. Ceiii., D. C...................... 62 A................... Bui-ial Gi-otiii(Is, W ilcleriiess........... 62 A'D cc. 9,'63. Rielimond, I'a.............................. 63 B Jan. 1,'64. ("Itilpepper C. H., Va............... M 6:3 K Nov. 14,'63. I Ricliniond, Va.............................. 64 B Jiily 25,'62. U. S. Gen. Ilos. Ceiii., Anziap... 80 H Juiie 18,'62. Alexandria, Va..................... 80 H.................. Stoi-ic River, Teiiii......................... 77 E.................. Galveston, Texas.......................... 77 E Juiie 23,'62. Corinth, Miss............................... 77 B Louisville, Ky....................... I 80 M A iig. 4,'62. Nasliville, U'eni-i.................... 41 101 A Aiig. 24,'64. Anderswiville, G,a.................. 6,74 103 C Juiie 23,'63. Yorktowii, Va........................ I I 62 F INI;iy,'64. Frederiek,,3burg, Ga................ 4 61 B May 8,'61................. 1( 62...... , 62................. 1 62 F Alay 5,'61................. 3' 62 H................ 3 123 A Jan. 2,'63................. 2) 155 C Jan. 8, 63................. 21 155 F (C................ 21 155 B Mar. 17,'63................. 3 139 E May,'64................. 1 102 B 1) e c., 16 2................. 4 1 3 8 K Dec. 5,'62. Antietam, Ald........................ 4( 38 C.................. Nat. Cein., Glendale............... 1 57 C Jaii. 12,163. Alexandida, V(a............................. 57 C.................. Nat. Cem., Ge-ttysburg............ 62 11 May 24,'62. Cyp. Hill Ceiii., L. I............... 67 1 INfity 22,162. NI'tt. Coin., Yorktown............. 11 80 11 May 24,'62. 19 88 K Aiig. 20,'63. Vicksburg, lliss.. 46 B July 20,164. Attti-ietta,............... 51 61 G Aiig 24,164. N. C., Louclon Park, Balt., Md....... 77 E Sept. 24,'62. iNashville, Teiin..................... 1,3: 77 E Ju I y 20,'62. C..................... 11 117 E Jan. 14,'65. Danville,Ya................................ 193 F Sept. 19'64. Winebester, Ya........................... 76 K Jtiiie 9,'64. Hailipton, Va........................ 103 F May 8,'62. C,........................ C3 1) 3,Lty 2, 62. iNloiitgonierv, Ala........................ K April,'62. - Nat. Ccin.,'orktown, Va........ 31 63 K Sc-pt. 8, 162 Poiiit Lookout, Xd...................... 103 F Apr. 3,'65.. Haiiipton, Ya.............................. 155 I May,'64. Fi-edericksburg, Va................ 6 139 IC Mar. 1,'63................. 2' 123 11 ,'G 2,................ 2 103 P, Apr. 3,'63. Hanipton, Ya........................ 204 B Nov. 5,'64. Aiidei'soiiville, Ga.................. 11,8: 38 A.................. Antietitzii, N d......................... 3! 57 C.................. Near Peteisbiirg, Ya.................... 61 H Sept. 2,'64. Nat. Cem., Arliiigton, Ya.............. 6'i H Aiig. 2,'64. cc.............. 64 13 May 28,'64:. Andersonville, Ga.. 1,4; y'6............. 64 G Nov. 22,'61 M il. As. Ceiii., D...................... 77 E Jan. 7,'64. Rielim oiid, Ya.............................. 78 E Jim e 20,'64. Andersonville, Ga.................. 2,2i 83 G June 24,'61. City Poiiit, I'a............................. 57 C.................. Ilop. Gr. Nat. Cein., Pet'g., Va....... 78 I Apr. 16,'65. Nasliville, Tenn..................... 81 80 31.................. M ariett'-I, Ga.......................... 80 31 Nov. 1,'64. C.......................... 3' 80 I-I Nov. 2,'64. Naghville, Telin...................... 11 G Aug. 2-1,'62. Hampton, Ya........................ 63 D Oct. 15,'62. 4 ........................ 63 I Apr. 8,'62. ic........................ 46 B Dec. 18,'03. Ricbmorld, Ya............................. 641 F.............. N t. Cem., Rielinion(I............. 02 A M ay 19, Ceiii., Arlington, Va.............. 62 K.................. Evergreen, Gettysburg.................. NAME. RANK. Gardner, J............... Private. G,irritv, Patrick....... Groylia,in, J.............. Grigg, Cass'ius.......... G i -,,,t w, L.................. Gltiiit, Josiah........... Grover, Petei............ Griffith, William...... Gilson, Jolin............ Grubb4, J................ 4 Glazier, Jacob.......... cc GI eii n, Ai-eii i bald...... Corp. M irow,............ Private, Galfl(-, Josepli.......... H arling, A............... Ilassitt, David.......... B enry, H erir3........... fleclm rt, J............... Barting, Daniel........ I-laburger, J.............. Hosentercer, Joliii P. 96 H alliger, C............... 4 c Holaubaiigh, T......... 6 Hagan, Joseph......... 6 Heath, William........ It Howard, John......... I-Iiinter, T................ Heinlev, Frederick... 4 H ock, T.................. Serg't. H oot, C. R............... Private. H arris, W................ 44 Hepbry, Edwat-d...... H inkley C. C........... llilton, lienrv.......... Hepp, Augu;tus....... H ess, T.................... fleinbock 5........ H eitzel, J................ H ill, W arren............ Ilotiglitelin, Jas........ H a, %N, I i ns, T I i o s......... 4 4 1-larris, H oratio........ 11 Hipman, Conrad....... 4 1-foiinaii, LeNvi.......... Ilolloiiiiun., W iii......... 11 ell d e rso 11, Tll.......... Iloiieli's, Ilosser........ Ilayne, AiidreNv........ 4 I R'lillessoll, J. S......... 49 H agar, Joiiali........... It 1-1 e 1- vy, Jo] I 11............ Ilaiison, Joliii........... lltiiiter, J................ 1.1ilderbrund, A........ Havenwood, C.......... Joiies, JoIin............. Jones, Daniel........... Jerolarnan, Wiii........ Jones, R.................. Jolillsoll, P............... Jonney, Jobbs, Josiali............ Serglt. Jones, Eyan............. Privztte. Jacobs............... 41 K enney, W.............. It K ill-, W. C.............. 44 Kennedy, Geo. F...... 61 K irby, J. A.............. cc K isley, G................. Keii-sh, J................ K irby, patricl.......... K lock, G. W............ K err, J.................... Kinlinell, Geo. W..... 19 K inw, Geo. 1-1........... 16 lielly, Edivard......... 11 K aiift'inan, J............ K eoring, F............... Liice, H enry............ 41 Leonliard, Ditvid...... 19 Lon-, Jam es............ 41 Low, Jolin................ It Lindsa,y, Williain...... 1,3t Sgt. Levinguod, G........... Private. Lazarruan, Fi-ed....... 46 Lapolcl, Jolin............ Lindsov, D........... Liitz, W illian-i....... Lock, Jolin.............. Corp. Leonard, AVilli(ini S.- Private. Longnell, Thad........ Cori.). Locke, David E........ Private. Lord, NVilliani.......... C, Lili-iper, W............... La Fever, D. W........ Leffler, G................. M cVay, Jolill........... Mahaffy, R.............. Serg't. M illick, 1-1................ Private. Montgomery, It........ 4c Mitchell, ic Murnay, Joseph........ Corp. Martin, A. J............ 31iller, Joliti............. Private. McIntire, 11............. 44 McG*nn, lliigli......... CC McCauley, Ivilsoll.... cc 3lcClune, Jaines A... Serg. McDonald, D. A....... Private. IVIcIntosli, Alex........ c Millour, J................ cc Maftm, Geo. W........ Sorg. Man,h, Joliii............ Private. illartiri, C................. ig Moore, J. cc 31arsh, Benjnunin...... LI'liller, JImes........... 31iles, Jaiiies............ McCullough, Avill..... McMealls, J1.111-les...... BfcQuisteni, Daiid.., McCullough, J. W....'FAME. RILNK. Ashbou-Ii, A............ Private. Altman, William...... Adaiiis, W............... Allen J. W............. An gless, J. J............ Adamq, James.......... Arnold, C................. Averin, E................. Albiough, J............. Beatty, Heiiry......... Barnett, J............... Baiii, Joshua........... Bomgar(lin, H......... Bell, R. W............... Boyd (Boyce), R....... Bodkins, Robeft....... Bowimm, A............. Betitty, D. Bruce, Josepli S........ Brady, R.................. Bider, Henry............ Biiler, John............. Bain, Heni-y............ Byerley, Smith......... Bew,Thomas........... Burger, F................ Browii, Peter........... Barnoly, N............... Blakely, Harvey...... Corp. Beard, William......... Private. Bevans, J. C............ Bodenburg, Chas...... Beart, Jacob............ Boullish, Joseph...... Ba-ker, William........ Bickersiiiitt), J......... Bowers, Pati-icli....... Bane, William B...... Black, Geo. W.......... Buriis, Peter............ Bodkins, R......... BeddellioTi, David..... Balier, Jolin............ Blair, J. W............... Bentley, J............... Binnirig,........... Beclr-, Michael......... Carter, Wm. M......... Ist Lt. Cosgrove, S.............. Pi-ivate. C,-isey, Thonias......... 16 Clark, Ot-ni.............. Collliart, Williani..... Claypoole, Levi........ Clarli, M.................. Cameron, Joilyi......... Cox, william............. C , T............... Cui-tis, J.................. CarpeDter, Frank...... Cuniiingliam, Thos... Clark, Uriah............ Combs, Jolin............ Chapman, L. T......... Coleman, C.............. Colter, Williain A..... Craig, W.................. Lieut. iClark, S. H............... Privato. Coxen, William........ Caldwell, William..... Cai-penter, E. D........ Cope,John............... Cronei-yieyer, F......... Coolit-an, J. H.......... Coots, B. Dickson, W m. S....... Dauglierty, R. J....... Durham, Sam'l IV.... Dowiii-, Johii C....... Day, George Dupull, I................. Davis, William J....... Dunham, B. D......... Davis, John R.......... Corp. Diinn, William......... Private. Donaldson, Josepli.... Ditzel, Christian...... Dyson, J.................. Dissenger, Sol.......... Doahne, A............... Dale, Evaiis.............. Ervin, Thos. J.......... Ebertiian, H. W........ Eatot), Morgan......... Eagan, William........ Ett-vers, E................. Sei-g't. Ewiiig, Janies E....... Private. Edwards, Jaiiies........ IC Egan, W.................. El-bedience, J........... Foi-est, Wi-fi. E......... - - - - - - z - - - - -- - - Fulton, James.......... Farley, H................ Friel, J.................... Fry, Alexaiidei......... Corl). Fince, Ilenry........... Private. Finley, E................. Fox, George............. Flaiiner, Ttloiiias...... Fultoii, Josepli......... Fausnauglit, B......... F , 1)............... Fortney, B. J........... Fox, Thomas............ Foster, J. D............. Flegal, Z. P............. Fai-ley, W............... Goff, J..................... Gracia, W. W........... Serg't. Goble, H.................. Private. Gibbs, Cliai-les......... I...:55 I... 96 m7 42.... 86.64 61 59 I........... 88.... 196 Fl 2 2.................. H E m D............ 26 26 A...................................................... A......I............................................................................................................................................................ 25 4G) 20`9 37'37 -77 02 06 47 23 56 9 3 1 1 8 41 1 0 1 6 7 6 1-7:15'46.78 4 6.011 1 7'21!17 25 -87 13 M 1 5.i 5 0 L 3 C) 44 157 61............ 23 D.................. A.................................... A A......I...... I.................... ii.. I...........I........................ 11 I I I I I A D D A A A B B B B c...... 26 A.W. D A G............ c c A D D c c c c B.................................................................................. 328 B............ L63 A.................................. 2, 34 B 11.................... ioS B................................................ 5141................ 222...... B 2071 B....... c 201 D 16...... S38............... M 6............................................................................. 131.............................................................. 261............................................................ 74 J............ 58:1 1-1............ 313 A............ 59 B............ 4 B 16...... 19 B'I 3...... 62 B 7..................................................... 241 DDITIOIK L B-URT-A-L RECO-RD. -S In r-I Pli -I I 74 77 38 46 77 77 78 78 78 80 80 102 155i 139 139 63 123 103 76 61 63 65 46 65 77 7 7 77 78 80 1t55 139 12t3 65F 83 61 63 61 61 63 46 77 77 80 87 01i l01 103 103 63 63 64: 74 80 76 102 61 61 178 78 I I I II II I I I I I I II ~-242 . ~~~~~~~~LOCiTION OF GRANE. Date of Death.. E3 PLACE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~No. of X. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Grave l()2 K Dec. 8,'64. Charleston, S. C.............................. 102 K Dec. 7,'64. ".............. 62....May 14,'64. Fredericksburg,V a.................. 4 63 K May,'64. cc.................... 39, 15.5 D May,'61. cc............ 4 204 D Mar. 13,'65. Annapolis, BId................................ 202 H Jan. 11,'65. Richmond, Va.................... 5KFeb. 2,'65. Salisbury, N. a............................ 5 A Aug. 9,'64. Andersonville, Ga............................... 5,itS 155 K Nov. 9,'62. Fredericksburg, Ya.............................. is Bat. F' May 4,'63. "............................. 23 61 E May,'63.'............................. 55 Bat. F Mar. 24,'64. Nashville, Tenn................................. 27 57 E Apr. 11,'64:. Alexandria, Ya........... 1,72 57 E June 5,'fi2. Mil. Asy. Cem., D. C............................. 78 F Sept. 12,'65. Nashvil le, Tenn.............................. 24 57 E Mar. 22,'65. Philadelphia, P a.................. 63 iE Feb. 29,'64. Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va.............. 5 139 K ~,'63. Fredericksburg, Va.................. 1.5 204 B Feb. 16,'64. Cypress Hill Cem., L. I....................... 57 E Sept. 25,'64:. Andersonville, Ga................... 9,7r 57 C Jan. 7,'64. Richmond, Ya............................. 61 K Oct. 29,'64-. Andersonville, Ga a......... 11,63 64 E Oct. 22,'64. Mil. Asy. Cem., D. C............... 67 I Jan. 29,'64:. Culpepper C. H., Va............... 77 E.......... Marietta, Ga.................... 23 77 E..........Galveston, Texas................. 77 D Nov. 9,'65. Brownsville, T exas......... 12 77 E..........iarietta, Ga.............. 23 80 M1 July 31,'6 3. LNashville, Tennl............................. 47 80 H Mar. 23,'64-. Louisville, Ky.............................. C Bat. F June 16,'6a. Alleghenly, P a................... at. F..........Gettysburg, Pa............ 57:E Mlay 6,'62. Philadelphia, Pa.................................. 62 H Nlay 5,'62. Nat. Cem., Yorktowvn........................ 2C 64 G Nov. 13,'61. M1il. Asy. Cem., D. C........................... 74 K Sept. 25,'62. Alexandria, Va............................ 31 74: K Sept. 4,'65. Harrisburg, P a.................. 611 C Sept. 22,'64. N. C., L.oiidon Park, Balt., 3Id........ 78 H- Nov. 17,'63, NasElville, Tenn....................... IC 78 F Apr. 5,'65. "~...................... 1,1E 80 H Nov. 5,'63. Chattanooga, Teiin..................... 4E 80 H Oct. 9,'62. Nashville, Tenn....................... 62 80 H M1ar. 10,'62. "c...................... 2,31 82 B Apr. 7,'65. Pop. Gr. Nat. Cem., Pet'g., Va............. 6' 101 E Feb. 5,'63. Point Lookout, Md............................ 103 I Sept. 2,'63. Cypress Hiill Ceim., L.I.............I....... 76 K Maty 6,'65. Hampton, Va............ l1i5 F Jan. 15,'63s. Fredericksburg, Ya............................. 25 6'2 G Alay,'64.;z ".......................... 1 155 D Dec. 2,'62. "............................. 21 204 B Dec. 12,'64. Annapolis, MId........................................ 204 L Oct. 28,'64. Alexandria, Al'........... 2,81 38.......................... Antietam, BId........................ 25 38 C Sept. 17,'62. " 4............ 16 38 B.......... "............ 1' 57 C Oct. 21,'64. Andersonville, Ga............................... 11,24 61 E June 11,'64. Nat. Cem., Cold Harbor, Va........................... 611 F May 31,'62. Seven Pines, Va....................................... 62 F July 2,'63. Evergreen, Gettyrsburg.................................. 63 |A Oct. 11,'64. Andersonville, Ga.............................. 1.0,72 631 B Apr. 15,'64. Richmond, Va........................................ 651, Oct. 11,'64. Nat. Cem., City Point, Va......................... 11 741 K Apr. 30,'65. Nat. Cem., Antietam, Md......................... 62 741 I.... Millen, Ga............... 741 K June. 7",'6-2... Mil. Asy. Cem., D. C............... NAME. NIME. RLNK. PLACE, I E E I F E E E I H B F G a K a H M B M E D B I H a E I L G E M I I A I K K I I 1S K I B I F * 1 - 1 *- - 1 *---- 1 * 1 *--- 1 -1 * -- -1 *-----1 -1 -----1 1 * -- 1 *-- --1 *--- -1 * 1 -----1 *--- 1...... * ---1 *-- - 1 1 l *-----1 6 1 6 1 19 1 -- 1 1 *-----1 * 1 *-----1 *--- -1 1 1...... 1...... I; I -- 1 I *. --1 1 81 1 1 I ---1 l l 1 81 I 81 I -- -1 I* 1 1 1 I --- -1 I *-- --1 I * - --1 1 1 I ----1 I -- 1 I *-----1 1 1 1----- 1 I ----1 1 1 I *---- 1 23 1 14 1 *- 1 *---- 1 * --- 11 24 1362 112 16 204 6 100 60 1,213 248 56 481 1,12465'85 8 331 641 49 08 ~224 33 41 28 123 93 Z 933 1,161 182 383 22 139 253 263 10 560 2 16 1 26 34 McCa-pe, A............... MbKay i Cabe........... 3Iyers, J. E.............. Mitchell,............ 1VliIler, John............{ Morgan, John........... MIegan, James.......... Madaraw, Robert.......... Ma^rtin, C........*.*.*.*.1 McClure, Wm. E...... McConnell, Joseplh... McCullough, Jag. E.. McBride, Geor-e...... Noble, William A...... Nickerson, E. W...... Nichols, James......... O'Connor, Ed. J........ Ott, A. D.................. Osborne, Wm. H...... Ormsby, James......... Phipps, J. H1............ Pohlin, Cliarles........ Phillips, F................ Phillips, Geo. H1........ Pritchard, James...... Powell, J'ames.......... Parrish, Thomas....... Peterson, W............. Powell, James......... Peck, William 0....... Powell, J.- a............. Peters, Williani........ Purdy, H................. Robiiisori, W. V........ RyaD, Moses............. Rye, Charles............ Rinhart, Christian..... fRohrig, Martin........ Rapplogel, D)aniel..... Reed, Sanluel........... Resrnolds, Jamies...... Rowe, James............ Reese, Alexander...... Row. Reub en........ Ross, S.................... Rush, Jacob............. Rose, Cliapman........ Rupert, J. K............ Robert;s, Edwin F..... Rtith, S................... Reese, Tliomas......... Ruke, Danliel........... Rowre, Alex. D......... Saxton, Charles A..... Swartzlander, Ab...... Sends, A. V............. Smitb, Joseph.......... Shepard,D D............... Sims, David L.......... Shaffer, William...... Sm.allman, J. N........ Stewart, W.............. Stillwell, a............... Shelllhorn, John....... Seigel,. Charles......... Seib)ert, Mattthew...... Private. I 44 1stIjt. { Private. I s; I s; I ss I.; I ss I s; (s' I 4s I s I s; I s; I;; I s; I s; I s; I;;,1' I s; I;; I s; I (; I 4; I s; Serg't. Private.. I Captain.. I Plivate. I 44 I i; I s; " *1 s; I ss I s; I s; I sc I s; I ss I s;'I 44,1 44 I s; I ss,1;s I;;.1 s; I ss'I' 1 s; I s; I ss'I ss:1 ". i Private. I ss I s; I s; I ss'I; Sing, Peter............... Serost, Charles......... Statesman, John...... Sholley, Paul........... Seariglht John T...... Shields, W............... Slong, James............ Seigel, Charles......... Stewart, Darniel........ Stubbs, Thomas......... Stamp, Geo. W......... Stark, Joseph M. P.. Stivers, Abram......... Stackpole, Jas. B...... Shatto, Daniel.......... Scipe, Jacob............. Smith, John............ Smith, Joseph.......... Strong, T. B............ Sieffert, M............... Sessioii, G. O............ Standcher, L............ Scott, H.................. Simonton, S............. Smith, William1 B..... Smith, W................. Shi elds, H............... Terrick, H. P........... Tiirner, George........ Triither, L............... Turner, George........ Tefinsea,...... Thompson, H. R....... Tinsman, Ifenry...... Tanner, John I........ Thomas, Francis...... Thrasher, Antz......... Texter, James......... Tolldy, William....... Trenert, G............... Ushler, Stephen....... Vamerkes, D............ Yanpelt, C. E........... Wurley, Conrad....... Wagner, George....... Williams, Monroe.... Wilmot, Samuel....... Wolf, A. D............... Weaver, Caspar........ Wise, Charles........... Walker, H. C........... White, John........... White, John............ W0ard, P.................. Walker, S. A............ Waddle, A. F............ Walls, Alexcander...... Willison, Samuel...... Wette, Henry........... White, David S......... White, George......... Whitcomb, E. D....... Weaver, J................ Walker, C. R............ You-ng, Theodore...... Zirby, Daniel........... Private. | Serg't. | private. |.; I I I I I I I I.s I (s I 4s I, I i; I;; I s; I s; I ss I ss I s; I 4s I s; I is I s; 1st Lt. I Private. I.; I s; I s; I s; I is I.; I s; I ss I si I ( I s; I ss s. I,4; I s; I ss I ss I s; I ss I s; I (s I ss I s I ss I s; I s; I ss I s; I ss I sc I ss I ss May 22,'63. Jan. 29,'64. Sept. 19, 65. July 10,'64. Oct. 16,'64. Apr. 2,'65. Dec. 24,'64. Nov. 5,'63. Nov. 25'62. May, 14,'62. Nov. 25,'62. Mar. 23, 65. Apr. 21,'64. IApr. 5,'65.' May 28,'65. i- Iay, 4 Dec. 13,'62. Dec. 19,'62. Aug. 29,'62.,4ay, 8,'64. IJiily 3,'62. I~, 62. Apr. 1(),'65. July 20,'64. A pr. 10,'65. Nov. 23,'65. Dec. 3, 764. May 3,'63. IJan. 2,'63. IJan. 20,'63. May,'64-. I ss Jan. 1,'63. tOct. 14,'64. June 26,'64. Nov. 4,'64 May,'64. Ja.n. 21,'64. Nov. 13, 263................... JlJUY 20,'64-. Mar. 26,'62. June 5,'65. IApr. 21,'65. Jan. 20,'65. Jan. 21,'65. I C lAug. 5,'64. fAug. 23,'64-. Jan. 13,'62. Sept. 13,'62. Nov. 30,'64. JtJne 7,'64. tJuly 4,'65. 3lay,'64:. 5Iar. 27,'fi2. Oct. 21,'62. M il. Asy. Cem., D. C................I Richim ond, Va........................| Brownsville, Texars.................... Nashville, Tenn...................... cc......................I Pop. Gr. Nat. Cem., Pot'g., Va.. Lawton N7at. Cem., Mfillen, Ga.| BrowYiisville, Texas................. Nashville, Tenn................... Ne.Aba..In....................................I............................. l ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~................... H arieton, Va......................e.lay.n...............| Narhilett, Gan..................... JFefferisonBarrag, A8o............... Brownsvile, Texas................. Nashville, Tenn ~~..................... 4 c................... Frederickburg,-Va................ Hamptoii,Va...................... City P int, V...................... An Ersponvil, Ga........................ Cu p p e C.H., a.......................... sc.............. N tCe....led..e................ T Seanrinett, Ga.......................... eesN Bracsh il, Stennui....................... Nashilett, Tenn...................... Jefferson BarrackhS, Mo.................. Saliburyws zi, Texas.......................| AndesonvillTenn Chttnog,Ten.................. Fredericksburg,.V a..... Hampton, Sa ~................ Naneshville, Ten............................................ 1.............. i 1 -a......... B " 131 D.... C *-.......... ---...... 59-.............. 85....... a 391 C...... A 551 a...... B 722 D............-..... 1 --............*----...... *-........---...... 531 E t...... 51| D......- B............... 37........... --- *--1 - -1...... 31 A............ ---1 *-----1 *---.-1...... 221 H.......... 311 A.........:741 D.......... 68^ B...... 7...1 *----1*----...... 841 c..... -------1*-- 1........... *-.--1.-....... --- *-----1 *-----1........................8....1........ 88i2 A.........,10 E...... i95 E...... --- F--- ---...... ~56l B |...... B a0 c...... a ~14l B...... C 551 2fi.......... 621 26..... 1...... 941 26........ 461......1......1...... 17...... 1 28 26........ 51 A...................... IB IF a A H 1-- B R BI J B B B 45 HE E A A Ic D A A A G 4.5 3 93 0 H[ISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY9 PENNSYLVANIA. AIDDITIONAL BURIAL RECORD. LOOATION OF GRAVE. PIANK. Date, of Death. 4, -.0 W 0 m pg 9:4 No.of IGrave.i I HISTORY OF ALlEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 31 of the army that had been in the battle. Braddock died on Sunday, the 13th, when within a mile of the Great Meadows, and was buried in the road. Many stories of Braddock's being killed by his own men have been in circulation from time to time. One of the best authenticated is that of Thomas Fossit, who for many years resided in Fayette County. It is said that Fossit (or Fawcett, for it is given both ways) had a brother whom the general struck, or slew, with his sword because he was fighting behind a tree and refused to come out at Braddock's command; that Thomas, seeing the deed, at once shot the general in revenge. It is also claimed that Fossit boasted of the deed in after-years, and claimed that the act saved what was left of the army from total destruction. Exposing himself as Braddock did, and being undoubtedly known to and fired upon by the Indians whenever they could see him, it would have been little short of miraculous if, amid the terrible slaughter around him, he had escaped unhurt; yet he might have been killed by one of his own men. The Indians did not follow the army, though a few fired upon them while crossing the river. They were satisfied with the spoils of the field. Everything was abandoned,all of the dead and many of the wounded, with the artillery and baggage, including Braddock's military chest, containing a large amount of specie, and all his papers. The number of men engaged in this battle has been variously stated, but from the most authentic accounts they amounted to at least twelve hundred. The number of commissioned officers is generally stated at eighty-six, of whom twenty-six were killed and thirty-seven wounded. The total losses are variously given by different writers. Lossing, in his life of Washington, states them at seven hundred and fourteen killed and wounded; Mr. Sparks states them at seven hundred and fourteen privates and sixty-three officers in all, and Judge Veech gives the total number engaged at fourteen hundred and fifty, of whom four hundred and fifty- six were killed and four hundred and twenty-one wounded.* Among the officers killed or mortally wounded were General Braddock, Sir Peter Halket and son, William Shirley, the general's secretary, Captains Tatton, Gethin, Poulson, and Peyroney, and Lieutenants Allen, Townsend, Smith, Spendelow, and Nartlow. Among the wounded were Captains Orme and Morris, aids to the general, Lieutenant-Colonel John St. Clair, Lieutenant-Colonel Gage, Lieutenant-Colonel Burton, Major Sparks, Captain Cholmley, Captain Gates, Captain Stephen, and Lieutenant Howarth, with many subalterns. The loss of the French was three officers killed and four wounded, about thirty soldiers and Indians killed, and as many wounded. And thus ended in death and disaster a campaign which had begun with great promise, and to which the people on both sides of the Atlantic had looked with joyful anticipations, not doubting that the French would speedily be driven from the valley of the Ohio, and the merciless Indian war on the border permanently ended. The people at this day have very little idea of the terrible consequences of the defeat on the Monongahela. The whole line of border settlements, from the north line of Pennsylvania to the Carolinas was left exposed, and the frightened inhabitants were fleeing towards the sea-board from all directions. Colonel Dunbar has been severely blamed by several writers for not pushing on with the remainder of the army and retrieving the losses of the 9th. According to the most authentic accounts, his whole force amounted to from eight hundred to twelve hundred men; but it must be recollected that these included the sick and disabled, and after the arrival of the shattered remnants of Braddock's force, his available troops could not have amounted to more than fifteen hundred fit for duty. He was encumbered with a long train of wounded, without adequate hospital supplies, short of provisions, and no money, in all probability, as the military chest had been left on the bloody field. The enemy were in possession of all the general's papers and plans for the campaign, and their force was daily increasing by fresh arrivals of French troops from Canada, and a throng of savages whom the late success had turned enthusiastically in favor of the French. The utmost that Dunbar could have done under the circumstances was to fortify along the frontiers and await assistance. The following incident of Braddock's field we take from a volume by Charles McKnight, entitled " Our Western Border One Hundred Years Ago." It is one of the very best of that most excellent collection of thrilling incidents of the early days of Western Pennsylvania and the adjacent country: "The only thing for Braddock to do when he found himself in this horrid slaughter-pen was, manifestly, to retire his forces while he had them yet under control; throw out scouting parties to beat up the enemy's position., bring up his artillery to the ends of the ravines, and thoroughly rake them with grape and canister, or to rout out the securely hidden foe with the bayonet. Indians have never yet been found to withstand a bayonet charge. The cold steel at close quarters denmoralizes. They quiver, break and fly. This is what Halket and Washington both urged him to do, but to no purpose. He raged along the road like a fury;, drove back his men by the sword, and seemed determined to overcome by mere force of drill and obstinacy. Indeed, it is uncertain whether he now could have executed the manoeuvre. No soldiers not even Cumberland's veterans-could long withstand a deadly and concentrated fire from front and both flanks. "The fact that the fatal flashes and puffs of smoke and volleys seemed to come right out of tbe ground aid from unseen foes, while the whole air and woods around rang full of savage yells and horrible screechings, completed the demoralization. Many afterwards declared that during the whole three hours' contest they had never once seen a foe, while others would not assert that they had seen over half a dozen. It is only a wonder that soldiers so wretchedly posted and so badly commanded could stand it as long as they did. The provincials suffered as much as the British soldiers. Whenever and wherever they could they took to the trees. It is even asserted, and we think it probable, that some of the officers who, by Braddock's explicit command, attempted to beat back into the road the men who had thus sought shelter behind trees, were shot by their own men. "In one of the pauses of this one-sided conflict, Washington, who had been kept busy carrying the general's orders, the other aids, Orme and Morris, having been wounded, saw Colonel Halket, grim and weary-looking, standing dismounted under a huge oak, and leaning heavily against its massive trunk. Hastening up, and out a little from the fire, he anxiously inquired: "' I trust, Sir Peter, you are not very badly hurt?' "'Na, na, Geordie, but Ise gotten eneuch.'Tis joost aboon my baldric. Wha culd luke to go thro' siccan. an awsome day wi'out scaur or scaith? I ha'e fear Ise ta'en a strong, grippit o' death. I am sair, sair forfoughten, but never fear, mon, but wha' the auld Sir Peter will e'er present a heckle to his foes.' "'Oh!'tis not so bad as that, colonel,' said Washington, but you, like the rest of us, have received your baptism of fire.'Tis a gory field, and the end's not yet.' "'D'ye mind, major, the " second-sight" I tauld ye of yestreen and the vision of bluid? Said I not recht? But ha'e ye seen Jamie, laddie?' " I have, Sir Peter; there he stands, and unhurt.' " Tis strange, verra strange.'Tis the bairn Francis, and not James, that's hurt and ta'en to the rear, alang wi' Sir John Sinclair, Colonel Burton, Gladwin, and many ithers. Oh! but this is a sorra day! Braddock's joost lost his fourth horse. The fule carle thinks he's fightin' on the broad plains o' Flanders.'Tis eneuch amaist to drive one distraught to see him trying to wheel and manoeuvre a whail army, shoulder to shoulder, in a twal-foot road. I ha'e beggit him to let his men tak to the woods, but the dour de'll wi' not. He's clean daft, Geordie, clean daft.' "'Well, colonel, said Washington,'no use to discuss the general now. You need immediate attention. I'll send some soldiers to take you to the rear.' "Washington had scarce gone a hundred paces before a bullet, sped by an Indian rifle from the ravine, struck Halket straight through the heart. Just as he was falling,, his son James rushed forward and caught him in his arms. He, too, was at the same instant mortally struck, and both fell together, locked in each other's embrace, and this was the last of the old Scotch nobleman. The two bodies lay just where they fell for years, through summer's heat and winter's snow, mid all the wreck of the spiteful elements.'" Mr. Sparks, in his " Life and Writings of Washington," makes some singular statements concerning the geography and topography of the battle-ground and the adjacent country. In speaking of the crossing at the mouth of the Youghiogany, and the reasons for it, he says, "The steep and rugged grounds on the north side of the Monongahela prevented the army from marching in that direction, and it was necessary, in approaching the fort, now about fifteen miles distant, to ford the river twice, and march a part of the way on the south side. Early on the morning of the 9th all things were in readiness, and the whole train passed through the river a little below the mouth of the Youghiogany, and proceeded in perfect order along the southern margin of the Monongahela." (The italics are ours.) To any one familiar with the geography of this region the above description is amusing. Mr. Sparks probably never visited this country, or examined a good map of Allegheny County. The general course of the Monongahela is nearly north througlh its whole length. The " steep and rugged grounds" spoken of are on the east side of the river, and the crossing at the mouth of the Youghiogany was, locally speaking, exactly the reverse of Mr. Sparks's account. His description of the battle-ground is similarly inaccurate in many respects. An incident of this battle, in which Washington figures as the principal character, is given on the authority of Dr. Craik. In 1770, Washington, accompanied by the doctor, made a trip to the Ohio via Pittsburgh, to examine the lands set apart for soldiers' bounties. While at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, they were visited by an old chief who had been a leader among the Indians at Braddock's * From Orme's Journal.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 3 2 "About dusk the party returned to the fort, driving before them twelve British regulars, stripped naked, and with their faces painted black! An evidence that the unhappy wretches were devoted to death. Next came the Indians, displaying their bloody scalps,-of which they had immense numbers,-and dressed in the scarlet coats, sashes, and military hats of the officers and soldiers. Behind all came a train of baggage-horses, laden with piles of scalps, canteens, and all the accoutrements of British soldiers. The savages appeardl frantic with joy, and when Smith beheld them entering the fort, dancing, yelling, brandishing their red tomahawks, and waving, their scalps in the air, while the great guns of the fort replied to the incessant discharge of the rifles without, he says that it looked as if hell had given a holiday and turned loose its inhabitants upon the upper world. The most melancholy spectacle was the band of prisoners. They appeared dejected and anxious. Poor fellows! They had but a few months before left London, at the command of their superiors, and we may easily imagine their feelings at the strange and dreadful spectacle around them.'The yells of delight and congrlatulation were scarcely over, when those of vengeance began. The devoted prisoners were led out from the fort to the banks of the Allegheny, and, to the eternal disgrace of the French commandant, were there burnt to death with the most awful tortures. Smith stood upon the battlements and witnessed the shocking spectacle. The prisoner was tied to a stake, with his hands raised above his head, stripped naked, and surrounded by Indians. They would touch him with red-hot irons, and stick his body full of pine splinters andd set them on fire, drowning, the shrieks of the victim in the yells of delight with which they danced around him. His companions, in the mean time, stood in a group near the stake, and had a foretaste of what was in reserve for each of i them. As fast, as one prisoner died under his tortures another filled his place, until the whole perished. All this took place so near the fort that every scream of the victims must have rung in the ears of the French commandant. ^ Two or three days after this shocking spectacle, most of the Indians dispersed and returned to their homes, as is usual with them after a great and decisive battle. Young Smith was demanded of the French by the tribe to which he belonged, and was immediately surrendered into their hands. "From the date of the above horrible occurrences until the capture of Fort Duquesne by General Forbes, in 1758, we have only occasional glimpses of this place." JOHN MCKINNEY-LIEUTENANT BAKER-DESTRUCTION OF KITTANNING BY COLONEL JOHN ARMSTRONG-DESPONDENCY IN ENGLAND-FORBES IS EXPEDITION FREDERICK POST-GRANT'S DEFEAT-OCCUPATION OF FORT DUQUESNE-FORT PITT. THE next incident of importance occurring in this region appears to have been a collision which occurred between one Paris, in command of a scouting party from Fort Cumberland, and a small body of Indians under command of the Sieur Donville, in April, 1756. Donville was killed, and the following paper was found on his person: " FORT DUQUESNE, 23d March, 1756. "The Sieur Donville, at the head of fifty savages, is ordered to go and observe the motions of the enemy in the neighborhood of Fort Cumberland. He will endeavor to harass their convoys and burn their magazines at Gonococheaque, should this be practicable. He must use every endeavor to take all who may confirm what we already know of the enemy's designs. The Sieur Donville will use all his talents and all his credit to prevent the savages from committing any cruelties upon those who may fall into their hands. Honor and humanity ought, in this respect, to serve as our guide. DUMAAS." It would appear from this order that Contreoeur had been superseded in the commaand of Fort Duquesne by Captain Dumas, who was, no doubt, the same that went out with Beaujeu, as second in command, against Braddock. In February, 1756, John McKinney was taken prisorer by the Indians, and carried first to Fort Duquesne, and thence to Canada, from whence he made his escape and came to Philadelphia, where he gave the following description of the fort: "Fort Duquesne is situated on the east side of the Monongahela River, in the fork between that and the Ohio. It is four square, has bastions at each corner; defeat. He approached Washington with the greatest reverence, and addressed him through an interpreter. The old ellief said he had come a long way to see Cololel Washington, upon learning, he was in the country, for in the battle of Monongahela he had singled him out, and fired his rifle at him no less than fifteen times, and ordered his young warriors to do the same but they could not hit him. He was persuaded that the Great Spirit protected him, and ceased firirg at him.* "From an English magazine of August, 1755, on the death of General Braddock, said to be slain in an ambuscade by the French and Indians, on the banks of the Ohio, July 9, 1755:" "Beneath some Indian shrub, if chance you spy The brave remains of murdered Braddock lie, Soldiers, with shame the guilty place survey, And weep that here your comrades fled away. Then wvith his brother chiefs encircled round, Possess the hero's bones of hostile ground, And plant the English oak that gave his name, Fit emblem of his valor and his fame! Broad o'er this stream shall thus his honors grow, And last as long as e'er its waters flow." We give some extracts from a narrative published in Kentucky by James Smith, who was one of a working party of three hundred which preceded Braddock's army in the spring of 1755, for the purpose of opening a road over the mountain. Smith was then about eighteen years of age, and was captured and taken to Fort Duquesne, where he was a prisoner at the time of the battle. "On the evening of the next day, after a rapid walk of fifty miles through cedar thickets, and over very rocky ground, they reached the western side of the Laurel Mountain, and beheld at a little distance the smoke of an Indian encampment. His captors now fired their guns and raised the scalp halloo. They were answered from the Indian camp below by a discharge of rifles and a long whoop, followed by shrill cries of joy, and all thronged out to meet the party. Smith expected instant death at their hands, as they crowded around him, but, to his surpiise, no one offered him any violence. They belonged to another tribe, and entertained the party in their camp with great hospitality, respecting the prisoner as the property of their guests. "On the following morning Smith's captors continued their march, and on the evening of the next day arrived at Fort Duquesne-now Pittsburgh. When within half a mile of the fort they again raised the scalp halloo, and fired their guns as before. Instantly the whole garrison was in commotion. The cannon were fired, the drums were beaten, and the French and Indians ran out in great numbers to meet the party and partake of their triumph." Smith was compelled to run the gauntlet, from which severe ordeal he emerged completely bruised and beaten to a jelly. He was placed under the care of a French surgeon, and finally recovered. We quote: "Smith rapidly recovered, and was soon able to walk upon the battlements of the fort with the aid of a stick. While engaged in this exercise, on the morning of the 9th, he observed an unusual bustle in the fort. The Indians stood in crowds at the great gate, armed and painted. Many barrels of powder, balls, flints, etc., were brought out to them, from which each warrior helped himself to such articles as he required. They were soon joined by a small detachment of French regulars, when the whole party marched off together. He had a full view of them as they passed, ancl was confident that they could not exceed four hundred men. He soon learned that it was detached against Braddock, who was now within a few miles of the fort; but, from their great inferiority in numbers, he regarded their destruction as certain and looked joyfully to the arrival of Braddock in the evening,, as the hour which was to deliver him from the power of the Indians. "In the afternoon, however, an Indian runner arrived with far different intelligence. The battle had not yet ended when he left the field; but he announced that English had been surrounded, and were shot down in heaps by an invisible enemy; that instead of flying at once, or rushing, upon their concealed foe, they appeared completely bewildered, huddlecl together in the centre, of the ring, and before sundown there would not be a man of them alive. "The intelligence fell like a thunderbolt upon Smith, who now saw himself irretrievably in the power of the savages, and could look forward to nothing but torture or endless captivity. He waited anxiously for further intelligence, still hoping, that the fortune of the day might change. But about sunset he heard at a distance the well-known scalp halloo, followed by wild, quick, joyful shrieks, and accompanied by long-continued firing. This too surely announced the fate of the day. *: Lossing. t Brad in the old Saxon is the same as broad, and Bradoke the same as Braddock. The Mononongahela. From Craig's Olden Time. Craig's History of Pittsburgh. Ibid.COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 3 it is about fifty yards wide-has a well in the middle of the fort, but the water bad; about half the fort is made of square logs, and the other half next the water of stockadoes; there are intrenchments cast up all around the fort about seven feet high which consists of stockades drove into the ground near to each other, and wattled with poles like basketwork, against which earth is thrown, in a gradual ascent the steep part is next the fort, and has three steps all along, the intrenchment for the men to go up and down, to fire at an enemy,-these intrenchments are about four rods from the fort, and go all around, as well on the side next the water as the land; the outside of the intrenchment, next the water, joins to the water. The fort has two gates, one of which opens to the land side, and the other to the water side, where the magazine is built; that to the land side is, in fact, a drawbridge, which in daytime serves as a bridge for the people, and in the night is drawn up by iron chains and levers. Under the drawbridge is a pit or well, the width of the gate, dug down deep to water; the pit is about eight or ten feet broad; the gate is made of square logs; the back gate is made of logs also, and goes upon hinges, and has a wicket in it for the people to pass through in common; there is no ditch or pit at this gate. It is through this gate they go to the magazine and bake-house, which are built a little below the gate within the intrenchments; the magazine is made almost under ground, and of large logs covered four feet thick with clay over it. It is about ten feet wide, and about thirty-five feet long; the bake-house is opposite the magazine. The waters sometimes rise so high that the whole fort is surrounded with it, so that canoes may go around it; he imagines he saw it rise at one time near thirty feet. "The stockadoes are round logs, better than a foot over, and about eleven or twelve feet high; the joints are secured by split logs; in the stockadoes are loopholes made so as to fire slanting towards the ground. The bastions are filled solid with earth about eight feet high and the logs of the fort extend about four feet higher, so that the whole height of the fort is about twelve feet. "There are no pickets nor palisadoes on the top of the fort to defend it against scaling; the eaves of the houses in the fort are about even with the top of the logs or wall of the fort; the houses are all covered with boards, as well the roof as the side that looks inside the fort, which they saw there by hand. There are no bogs nor morasses near the fort, but good dry ground, which is cleared for some distance from the fort, and the stumps cut close to the ground; a little without musket-shot of the fort, in the fork, is a thick wood of some bigness, full of large timber. "About thirty yards from the fort, without the intrenchments and picketing, is a house which contains a great quantity of tools, such as broad and narrow axes, planes, chisels, hoes, mattocks, pick-axes, spades, shovels, etc., and a great quantity of wagon wheels and tires. Opposite the fort, on the west side of the Monongahela, is a long, high mountain, about a quarter of a mile from the fort, from which the fort might be very easily bombarded, and the bombarder be quite safe; from them the distance would not exceed a quarter of a mile; the mountain is said to extend six miles up the Monongahela, from the fort; Monongalela, opposite the fort, is not quite musket-shot wide; neither the Ohio nor Mononahela, can be forded opposite the fort. The fort has no defense against bombs. There were about two hundred and fifty Frenchmen in this, besides Indians, which at one time arnounted to five hundred; but the Indians were very uncertain; sometimes hardly any there; that there were about twenty or thirty ordinary Indian cabins about the fort. While he was at Fort Duquesne, there came up the Ohio from the Mississippi, about thirty bateaux and about one hundred and fifty men, loaded with pork, flour, brandy, tobacco, peas, and Indian corn. They were three months in coming, to Fort Duquesne, and came all the way up the falls without unloading." On the 8th of June. 1757, Lieutenant Baker, with five soldiers and fifteen Cherokee Indians, returned from an expedition towards Fort Duquesne. They had fallen in with a party of three French officers and seven men on the headwaters of Turtle Creek, about twenty miles from that fort. They killed five of the Frenchmen, and took one officer prisoner. This officer gave the information that Captain Lignery then commanded at the fort, and that there were at that,place six hundred French troops and two hundred Indians. This is the latest information we have from Fort Duquesne prior to the fall of the next year, 1758.* CARLYLE. Thomas Carlyle, in his history of Frederick the Great, branches off into a little episode of the war between France and England in America, which he dishes up in his inimitable way:' In 1753 (28th August of that year), goes a message from the Home Government, Stand on your defence, over there. Repel by force any Foreign encroachments on British Dominions!' And directly on the heel of this, Nov. 1753, the Virginia Governor,urged, I can believe, by the Ohio Company, who are lying wind-bound so long,despatches Mr. George Washington to inquire officially of the French Commandant in those parts,' What he means, then, by invading the British Territories while a solid Peace subsists?' Mr. George had a long ride up those desert ranges, and down again on the other side; waters all.out, ground in a swash with December rains, no help or direction but from wampums and wigwams: Mr. George got to Ohio Head (two big Rivers, Monongahela from South, Alleghany from North, coalescing to form a double-big Ohio for the Far West); - and thought to himself,'What an admirable three-legged place: might be Chief Post of these regions, nest-egg of a diligent Ohio Company!' Mr. George some way down (up) the Ohio River, found a strongish French Fort, log-barracks, 200' river-boats, with more building,' and a French Commandant, who cannot enter into questions of a diplomatic nature about Peace and War:'My orders are, To keep this Fort and Territory against all comers; one must do one's orders, Monsieur; Adieu!' And the steadfast Washington had to return; without result,-except that of the admirable Three-legged Place for dropping your Nest-egg, in a commanding, and defenceful way! "Ohio Company, painfully restrained so long in that operation, took the hint at once. Despatched, early in 1754, a party of some Forty or'Thirty three stout fellows, wit-h arms about them, as well as tools,' Go, build us, straightway, a Stockade in the place indicated; you are warranted to smite down, by shot or otherwise,any gainsayer!' And furtlermore, directly go on foot, and on the road thither, a'regiment of 150 men,' Washington as Colonel of it, For perfecting said Stockade, and maintaining it against all comers. "Washington and his Hundred-and fifty,-wagonage, provender, and a piece or two of cannon, all well attended to, vigorously climbed the mountains; got to the top, 27th May 1754; and there met the thirty three in retreat homewards! Stockade had been torn out, six weeks ago (17th April last); by overwhelming French Force, from the Gentleman who said Adieu!, and had the river boats last Fall. And instead of our Stockade, they are now building, a regular French Fort,-Fort Duquesne, they call it, in honour of their Governor Duquesne; against which Washington and his regiment, what are they? Washington, strictly surveying, girds himself up for the retreat; descends diligently homewards again, French and Indians rather harassing his rear. Entrenches himself, 1 st July, at what he calls' Fort Necessity,' some way down.; and the second day after, 3d July, 1754 is attacked in vigorous military manner. Defends himself, what he can, through nine hours of heavy rain; has lost thirty, the French only three;-and is obliged to capitulate:' Free Withdrawal' the terms given. This is the last I heard of the Ohio Company; not the last of Washington by any means. Ohio Company,-its judicious Nest-egg squelched in this manner, nay, become a fiery Cockatrice or Fort Duquesne;-need not be mentioned further." Of Braddock's campaign, he says: " About New-years-day 1755, Braddock, with his Two Regiments and completed apparatus, got to sea. Arrived, 20th February, at Williamsburg in Virginia (' at Hampden, near there,' if anybody is particular); found now that this was not the place to arrive at; that he would lose six weeks of marching, by not having, landed in Pennsylvania instead. Found that his stores had been mispacked at Cork,-that this had happened, and also that; -and, in short, that Chaos had been very considerably prevalent in this Adventure of his; and did still, in all that now lay round it, much prevail. Poor man; very brave, they say; but without knowledge, except of field drill; a heart of iron, but brain mostly of pipe clay quality. A man severe and rigorous in regimental points; contemptuous of the Colonial Militia, that gathered to help him; thrice contemptuous of the Indians, who were a vital point in the Enterprise ahead. Chaos is very strong, especially if within onesself as well! Poor Braddock took the Colonial Militia Regiments, Colonel Washington as Aide-de-Camp; took the Indians and Appendages, Colonial Chaos much presiding: and after infinite delays and confused hagglings, got on march;-2,000 regular, and of all sorts say 4,000 strong. "Got on march; sprawled and haggled up the Alleghanies,-such a commissariat, such a wagon-service as was seldom seen before. Poor General and army, he was like to starved, outright, at one time; had not a certain Mr. Franklin come to him, with charitable oxen, with 500-worth provisions live and dead, subscribed for at Philadelphia,-Mr. Benjamin Franklin, since celebrated over all the world; who did not adimire this iron-tempered General with the pipeclay brain. Thereupon, however, Braddock took the road again; sprawled and staggered, at the long, last, to the top; at the top of the Alleghanies, 15th June;'-and forward down upon Fort Duquesne,' roads nearly perpendicular in some places,' at the rate of' four miles' and even' one mile per day.' Much wood all about,-and the 400 Indians to rear, in a despised and disgusted condition, instead of being, vanward keeping, their brightest look. "July 8th, (9th) Braddock crossed the Monongahela without hindrance. - Craig's History of Pittsburgh.July 9th was within ten miles of Fort Duquesne; plodding along; marching through a wood, when, Ambuscade of French and Indians burst on him, French with defences in front and store of squatted Indians on each flank, who at once blew him to destruction, him and his Enterprise both. His men behaved very ill; sensible perhaps that they were not led very well. Wednesday 9th July 1755, about three in the afternoon. His two regiments gave one volley and no more; utterly terror struck by the novelty, by the misguidance, as at Preston-pans before; shot, it was whispered, several of their own Officers, who were furiously rallying, them with word and sword: out of sixty Officers, only five were not killed or wounded. "Brave men clad. in soldier's uniforms, victims of military Chaos, and miraculous Nescience in themselves and in others: Can there be a more distressing spectacle? Imaginary workers are all tragical, in this world; and come to a bad end, sooner or later, they or their representatives here: but the Imaginary soldier he is paid his wages (he and his poor nation are) on the very nail! "Braddock, refusing to fall back as advised, had five horses shot under him; was himself shot, in the arm, in the breast; was carried off the field in a death stupor, forward all that night, next day and next (to Fort Cumberland, seventy miles to rear); and on the fourth day died. The Colonial Militias had stood their ground, Colonel Washington now of some use again;-who were ranked well to rearward; and able to receive the ambuscade as an open fight. S tood striving for about three hours. And would have saved the retreat; had there been a retreat, instead of a panic rout, to save. The poor General, ebbing homewards, he and his Enterprise, hour after hour,-roused himself twice only, for a moment, from his death-stupor: once, the first night, to ejaculate mournfully,' Who would have thought it?' And again once, he was heard to say, days after, in a tone of hope, Another time we will do better!' which were his last words,' death following in a few minutes.' "Weary, heavy-laden-soul; deep Sleep now descending on it,.-soft sweet -cataracts of Sleep and Rest; suggesting hope, and triumph over sorrow, after all:' Another time we will do better;' and in few minutes was dead!'"** ** In another place he says, in speaking of General Forbes: Our small Corps under General Forbes, after much sore scrambling through the Wildernesses, and contending with enemies wild and tame, is, since the last four days, in possession of Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh henceforth):' Friday 24th, (Nov.) the French garrison, on our appearance, made off without fighting; took to boats down the Ohio, and vanished out of those Countries,' forever and a day,; we will hope. Their Louisiana-Canada communication is lost; and all that prodigious tract of rich Country; -which Mr. Washington fixed upon long ago, is ours at,ain, if we -can turn it to use.'This day a detachment of us goes to Braddock's field of battle' (poor Braddock!) I to bury the bones of' our slaughtered countrymen; many of whom the French butchered in cold blood, and to their own eteinal shame and infamy, have left lying above ground ever since. As indeed they have done with all those slain round the Fort in late weeks;'calling themselves a civilized Nation too."' These extracts, though they contain many minor historical errors, are in Carlyle's best vein, and show the great interest taken by prominent Europeans in this remarkable locality - an interest which frequently manifests itself more outspoken five thousand miles away than on the very ground where these memorable scenes occurred. The defeat of Braddock left the whole English frontier exposed to the hostile incursions of the Indians. To guard against these incursions, a chain of forts was erected along the frontier of Pennsylvania. Fort Henry was built at the pass of the Swatara, Fort Lebanon at the forks of the Schuylkill, and Fort Allen at Gnadenhutten. On the west side of the Susquehanna were Fort Lowther, at Carlisle; Fort Morris, at Shippensburg; Fort Granville and Fort Shirley on Aughwick Branch, and Fort Littleton and Fort Loudon near Conococheague Creek. These forts along the west side of the Susquehanna were garrisoned by eight companies, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel John Armstrong. Notwithstanding these precautions, the Indians continued their devastations, and penetrated beyond the line of the English forts. These incursions were made from Kittaning, a Delaware village, on the Allegheny, where lived the noted Captain Jacobs, and oceasionally King Shingiss.* Colonel Armstrong, in the fall of 1756, resolved to march a force in person against this Indian rendezvous, and strike such a blow as would effectually break up future operations from it. The colonel left Fort Shirley on the morning of the 29th of August, with a force of about three hundred men, and proceeded cautiously toward the Indian rendezvous, which place he reached on the night of the 7th of September. I COUNTY, PENNSYLtVA'-NIA. HISTORY. OF ALLEGH-ENY 34 Surrounding the town which consisted of about forty log cabins, a furious attack was made at daylight; but the Indians defended themselves bravely, and not much was effected until the colonel ordered the town to be set on fire, which speedily terminated the contest. The place was totally destroyed, and a large number of Indians killed, including Captain Jacobs and his family. A large amount of provisions and ammunition, the latter furnished by the French, was involved in the general ruin, and eleven English prisoners were released from captivity. But the whites by no means escaped from heavy loss. From an official statement it appears that they lost sixteen killed, twelve wounded, and eighteen missing; in all forty-six.. For this gallant exploit, the corporation of Philadelphia ordered a silver medal to be struck and presented to Colonel Armstrong, who was severely wounded during the action. Although skirmishin and occasionally heavy fighting had been going on for two years, yet war was not actually declared by France or England until 1756, and up to the close of 1757 it had been waged mostly to the advantage of France. Some of the wisest men in England were greatly discouraged. Horace Walpole, in a letter, said, "It is time for England to slip her cables and float away into some unknown ocean;" and Lord Chesterfield wrote, "Whoever is in or whoever is out, I am sure we are undone, both at home and abroad: at home, by our increasing debt and expenses; abroad, by our incapacity and ill-luck. I never yet saw so dreadful a prospect!" On the 29th of June, 1757, the great Pitt was made prime m inister, and from that time forward success crowned the British arms. General Amherst succeeded the Earl of Loudon as commander-in-chief in America, and Wolfe and Forbes, respectively, commanded armies under him. General John Forbes was a native of Fifeshire, in Scotland, and at the time of his appointment to the command of the forces destined against Fort Duquesne, was in his forty-ninth year. He had seen much service as a member of the celebrated " Scotch Grays," to this day a famous corps in the British army, and in the preceding war had served as Quartermaster-General under the Duke of Cumberland. A large portion of the army was collected together at Philadelphia. The total force under Forbes was somethiing over seven thousand men. Washington was ordered to join the army in July with his Virginia regiment. Major Halket, son of Sir Peter, killed at Monongahela, and Sir John St. Clair were on the general's staff, the latter as Quartermaster-General. Colonel Bouquet was in command of an advance force at Raystown. While this large army was being collected and organized for the march against Fort Duquesne, the government of Pennsylvania determined to send a messenger on a visit to the Delaware, Shawanese, and Mingo Indians, to persuade them, if possible, into an alliance with the English. A treaty had been made with ten tribes of the Indians, chiefly from the Susquehanna region, at Easton, in August, 1757, by the Governor of Pennsylvania and eight members of the Assembly. At this treaty there were present also the Governors of New Jersey, New York, Virginia, and Maryland, together with Sir William Johnson. Tedyuscung, a king of the Delawares, conducted the negotiations on the part of the lndians. He insisted upon having a secretary to take minutes for his side during the negotiations, and threatened to break up the council unless this was granted. Governor Denny, of Pennsylvania, was strongly opposed to this request, but was obliged to accede, and Charles Thompson, distinguished afterwards as the, Secretary of Congress, was appointed. A peace was finally concluded with these tribes, and they agreed to take up the hatchet against the French. At the instance of a body of Quakers, called the " Friendly Association," the Governor dispatched Christian Frederick Post, a Moravian missionary, who had lived many years among the Indians, to the Indian towns beyond the Ohio, to acquaint them with this treaty, and to use his influence to persuade them into an alliance. On the 19th of July, Post left Bethlehem, a settlement of the Moravians, and proceeded on his journey, and the next day arrived at Fort Allen, where Ted uscung met him, and tried to persuade, him from undertaking the journey, being very much afraid the Indians would kill him. However, he kept on, accompanied, by some friendly Indians, and on the 25th arrived at Fort Augusta. Here they heard of Abercrombie's defeat at Ticonderoga, which so alarmed some of his Indians that they left him. On the 8th of August, Post passed the French fort at Venango without molestation, and, after various adventures, arrived at Kushkushkee,a town on the Big Beaver River, near the mouth of the Mahonig Captain Hugh Merceer accompanied Colonel Armstrong in this expedition, and was severely wounded. Craig. I * Annals of the West.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 35 " We arrived at Kushkushkee before night, and I informed Pisquetumen of Daniel's behavior, at which he appeared sorry. " Post returned to Fort Augusta on the 22d of September, having had a great many "talks" with the Indians, but accomplishing very little. Speaking of the Indians, he says, " There is not a prouder or more highminded people in themselves than the Indians. They think themselves the wisest and prudentest men in the world; and that they can overpower both the French and English when they please. The whites are, in their eyes, nothing at all. They say that, through their conjuring craft, they can do what they please, and nothing can withstand them. In their way of fighting they have this method, to see that they first shoot the officers and commanders, and then, they say, we shall be sure to have them. They also say that if their conjurers run though the middle of our people no bullet can hurt them. " They say, too, that when they have shot the commanders the soldiers will all be confused, and will not know what to do. They say of themselves that every one of them is like a king and captain and fights for himself. By this way they imagine they can overpower any body of men that can come against them. They say'the English people are fools; they hold their guns half-man high, and then let them snap. We take sight, and have them at a shot, and so do the French. They do not only shoot with a bullet, but with big swan shot.' They say the French load with a bullet and six swan shot. They further say,' We take care to have the first shot at our enemies, and they are half dead before they begin to fight.'" The armyof Forbes, according to "Gordon's History of Pennsylvania," consisted of 7850 men, as follows: Highlanders, thirteen companies, 1200 Royal Americans, four companies, 350; Virginians,2600; Pennsylvanians, 2700; wagoners, sutlers, and followers, 1000. It was late in the season when the troops started on the march. They left Carlisle about the middle of July and moved to Raystown, where Colonel Bouquet was posted with the advance. An entirely new route was selected, and the road was constructed as the army advanced. Washington seriously opposed the opening of a new route, and strongly advocated an advance by Braddock's road; but Colonel Bouquet favored a new road through Pennsylvania, and General Forbes, who had joined the army at Raystown, agreed with Colonel Bouquet. The main army did not leave Raystown until September, but Colonel Bouquet was sent forward, with twenty-five hundred men, to construct the road to Loyal Hanna, fifty miles farther, where he built a fort and a place of deposit for supplies. General Forbes was very low with the disease that carried him off a few months later, so weak that he was borne in a litter all the way from Philadelphia. Washington joined him at Raystown with the Virginia troops. On the 1lth of September, while the main army was at Raystown, Colonel Bouquet detached Major Grantt with about eight hundred of the Highland Regiment, accompanied by Major Lewis and Captain Bullitt with a small force of the Virginia troops, to make a careful reconnoissance toward Fort Duquesne, for the purpose of learning something of the strength and intentions of the enemy. Grant made so rapid and cautious a march that he arrived on the third day within eleven miles of the fort undiscovered. Halting until three o'clock in the afternoon, he then marched until within two or three miles of the fort, where he left his baggage in charge of Captain Bullitt and a guard of fifty men from the Virginians. Marching stealthily, he arrived, at eleven o'clock in the evening, upon the high hill which overlooks the site of Pittsburgh, within half a mile of Fort Duquesne. Believing the enemy to be ignorant of his situation, and few in numbers, and anxious to distinguish himself, he determined to surprise and capture the works. He accordingly sent two officers and fifty men to attack all they might find of the enemy outsidethe fort. They returned shortly and reported they had not seen an enemy, nor had they been challenged by the sentinels. On their way back they set fire to a large log store-house, which was extinguished soon after they left it. Believing now that the place was at his mercy, Grant determined to arrange his plans so that not a man should escape him. At daylight,Major Lewis was sent back with four hundred of the Loyal Americans and Virginians, to lie in ambush about a mile and a half in the rear, on the road to their baggage, to intercept any force which might attempt to capture it, or get in the rear of the main body. Everything being in readiness, the major prepared to show his knowledge of grand strategy by sending Captain McDonald's company, with colors flying and drums beating, to draw the enemy out of the fort, while four hundred men were to take post near the brow of the hill, to receive the French an d their skulking Indians as they fell upon McDonald's men. It is generally supposed that the Grant was a major-general in the Revolution, and commanded a division in the battle of Long Island, 1776. According to Post's journal, this place consisted of about ninety houses, divided into four towns, and containing about two hundred able warriors. Here he met with King Beaver and a great number of chiefs, and also with a French captain and a party of fifteen French soldiers. On the 20th of August, Post, in company with a large number of Indians and the French officer, visited Sawkonk, supposed to have been where the town of Beaver now stands. Here he was at first very roughly received, but after a short time was treated more respectfully. On the 22d, about twenty Shawanese and Mingoes arrived. Their two kings wanted Post to proceed to Fort Duquesne, where, they said, eight nations were encamped, who wished to see him and hear, in the presence of the French, what the English had to say. He set off for Fort Duquesne on the 23d, but proceeded no farther than Logstown, where he stopped over night. Here he met four Shawanese, whom he had known at Wyoming, and who permitted him to see and converse with some prisoners. On the afternoon of the 24th the company arrived on the north side of the Allegheny, opposite the fort. An old Onondoga chief, who stayed at the fort, was greatly incensed at his coming, and said he did not like to have a " Swannock" (Englishman) among them; but the Delawares sent the old man away, and they were not troubled any more with him. The French demanded that Post should be blindfolded and brought into the fort, but the Indians would not consent. On the 25th a grand talk was held. The French insisted upon his going over to the fort to hold the council, but the Indians said no; it must be held on the Allegheny side. During the day three hundred Canadians arrived at the fort, and reported that six hundred more were soon to follow, with forty bateaux, laden with ammunition. On the 26th a great number of Indians, and several French officers, came over from the fort to hear what Post had to say. The officers brought a table, and pens, ink, and paper. He made a long, speech to them, presenting many belts and much wampum; and discussed every thing bearing upon the subject under consideration in a most masterly manner, evincing a thorough knowledge of the Indian character. The speech-belts were taken by the Indians, who agreed to return an answer in twelve days. There were present at this council about three hundred French and Indians. The Indians reported that as soon as the French had returned to the fort they called a council of the Indians friendly to them, and said to them, " The Delawares are inclining to waver, and will go over to the English: their chiefs are all here; let us fall upon them and cut them off." But the Tawas would not do it, for they said, " the Delawares are strong, and whatever they agree to, must be." The French again endeavored to persuade the Indians to give up Post to them, but they would not consent. On the morning of the 27th he set out on his way down the river towards the Indian towns. The French fired all the guns on the fort, it being Sunday, at which Post concluded it was a practice with them every Sabbath. That night he arrived at Sawkonk, passing, throuh three Shawanese villages on the way, the Indians being glad to see him. At Sawkonk, or Sawcunk, he met two chiefs, who had treated him rudely a few days before. They apologized, and professed great friendship. We quote a paragraph entire, as showing the feeling among many of the Indians, at that time, regarding, the situation: " 28th. We set out fi om Sawcunk, in company with twenty, for Kushkushkee; on the road Shingiss addressed himself to me, and asked if I did not think that, if he came to the English, they would hang him, as they had offered a great reward for his head. He spoke in a very soft and easy manner. I told him that was a great while ago; it was all forgotten and wiped clean away; that the English would receive him very kindly. Then Daniel interrupted me, and said to Shingiss,' Do not believe him; he tells nothing but idle, lying stories; wherefore did the English hire one thousand two hundred Indians to kill us?' (meaning the Cherokees). "I protested it was false; he said,'G-d d-n you for a fool; did you not see the woman lying in the road that was killed by the Indians that the English hired?' I said,' Brother, do consider how many thousand Indians the French have hired to kill the English, and how many they have killed along the frontiers.' Then Daniel said,' D-n you; why do not you and the French fight on the sea? You come here only to cheat the poor Indians, and take their land from them.' Then Shingiss told him to be still, for he did not know what he said. * Shamokin Daniel, who had accompanied him from Fort Allen.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 36 French were not aware of Grant's presence until his drums announced him, to their astonished ears, looking down upon them from the heights almost within musket-shot. But whether surprised or not, they speedily made themselves known. Hundreds of Indians swarmed along the base of the hill on either flank of Grant's force, and in a short time he found himself attacked furiously in front and on both flanks, while the air resounded with the whoops and yells of the infuriated savages. Grant made as gallant a defense as possible, but his men were exposed, without cover, to a most destructive fire, and were killed in great numbers and soon forced to fly. Major Lewis, hearing the firing, left his ambuscade and came on the run to Grant's assistance. A stand was made for a short time, but the enemy shot them down from behind every rock and tree, and the Highlanders broke and scattered in every direction. The provincial companies fought bravely, but every effort was unavailing. The savages swarmed upon the flying troops with horrible yells, and drove them pellmell upon the little command of Captain Bullitt, who opened upon the Indians a destructive fire, which speedily checked them; but swarming to the right and left, they returned to the attack upon both flanks. Major Grant did his utmost to rally his men here, appealing in the most pathetic manner to them to stand by him; but the enemy were close at their heels, and nothing could stop their flight. Captain Bullitt and a portion of thearmy escaped, and retreated in great disorder to Bouquet's camp. The loss in this most ridiculous fiasco was twenty-one officers and two hundred and seventy-three privates.* Majors Grant and Lewis were taken prisoners, and carried to Montreal. Lossing, in his life of Washington, gives the following version of the part Captain Bullitt took in this unlucky affair: "The fugitives were rallied by Captain Bullitt, who, after sending back the most valuable baggage with the strongest horses, made a barricade of the baggagewagons. Behind these he placed his men, and took a forlorm stand. It was their only chance for safety, for the Indians were rushing wildly on. " A volley from behind the wagons checked the fierce current for a moment, but, gathering strength by increment of numbers, it pressed forward more terrible than before. At this perilous juncture, Bullitt, with quick thought and action, made a signal of capitulation, and advanced as if to surrender. " When within twenty-five feet of the enemy, he gave a signal, and his men all raised their pieces and poured a destructive shower of bullets upon the foe. "The Indians fled in dismay; and before they recovered from this shock Bullitt and his men had gathered up their wounded, and, with the scattered fugitives, retreated with speed beyond the bounds of danger." Captain Bullitt was highly complimented by General Forbes, and soon after received a major's commission. Emboldened by this signal victory over Grant, the enemy resolved to attack Colonel Bouquet, in his camp at Loyal Hanna. Twelve hundred French and two hundred Indians (according to several authorities), under commmand of De Vetri, fell upon him on the 1lth of October, but were compelled to draw off after a warm contest of four hours. The attack was renewed again in the night, but the obstinate defense of Bouquet, aided by a few shells thrown among the Indians, forced the French commander to retire. Bouquet's loss in this affair was twelve killed, seventeen wounded, and thirtyOne missing. Washington had asked permission to have a command in the advance division, and at Loyal Hanna, on the 23d of October, the general granted his request, and gave him one thousand men, which constituted a brigade, and from that date he was with the advance under Colonel Bouquet. On the 13th of November, Colonel John Armstrong was pushed forward with one thousand men, and General Forbes followed on the 17th with four thousand three hundred effective men, leaving strong garrisons at Raystown and Loyal Hanna.~ Washington had predicted that if the army advanced by a new route, it was very probable they would get no farther than the Laurel Hill before winter set in, and the prediction came very near being verified. Lossing says that a council of war was called, soon after leaving Loyal Hanna, at which it was determined not to proceed any farther, on account of the lateness of the season, the difficulties of the way, and a rumored reinforcement of Fort Duquesne. Just at this critical moment, a scout brought in three prisoners, who reported the French garrison to be very weak, and their provisions nearly exhausted. The Indians were also dispirited, and leaving in great numbers. Upon receipt of this cheering intelligence it was resolved to push forward. Mr. Craig, in his history of Pittsburgh, gives the following statement of John Ormsby, who was a commissary in Forbes's army: "When the army arrived at Turtle Creek, a council of war was held, the result of which was that it was impracticable to proceed, all the provisions and forage being exhausted. On the general being told of this, he swore a furious oath that he would sleep in the fort or a worse place the next night. It was a matter of indifference, " says Mr. Ormsby,' to the emaciated general where he died, as he was carried the whole distance from Philadelphia and back on a litter. About midnight a tremendous explosion was heard from the westward, on which Forbes swore that the French magazine was blown up by design or accident, which revived our spirits. The above conjecture of the'head of iron' was soon confirmed by a deserter from Fort Duquesne, who said that the Indians, who had watched the English army, reported that they were as numerous as the trees in the woods. This so terrified the French that they set fire to their magazines, barracks, etc., and pushed off in their boats, some up and some down the Ohio; so that, the next morning, we got peaceable possession of the remains of the fort. "The place had a most desolate appearance, as all the improvements made by the French had been burned to the ground. You may judge of our situation," says Mr. Ormsby, " when I assure you that we had neither flour, meat, nor liquor in store. The only relief offered was plenty of venison and bear-meat, which the hunters brought in, and which our people devoured without bread or salt. General Forbes was a brave soldier, but afflicted with a complication of disorders." On the 25th day of November, 1758, Washington, at the head of his command, took possession of the works. The abandoned Fort Duquesne, with the cabins around, was mostly destroyed. One of the magazines was blown up, but the other escaped, and considerable quantities of Indian weapons and goods were found in it untouched. The blackened chimneys of the cabins, thirty or forty in number, stood among the smoking ruins, desolate and grim, and the whole scene was overhung by a pall of smoke, making it gloomy and repulsive in the extreme. The French had removed the guns, but whether they sunk them in the river, or took them to some other point, was not known. " They seen to have been," says Colonel Bouquet, in a letter written from the fort shortly afterwards, " about four hundred in number; part is gone down the Ohio, one hundred by land, supposed to Presq' Isle, and two hundred with Governor M. De Lignery to Venango." Thus, after years of strife and bloodshed, this important point passed forever from the hands of the French (who had boldly laid claim to all the vast region from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mississippi, and most valiantly defended their possessions), under the control of their ancient enemy, only to be, in turn, transferred to the growing people who were even now dreaming of independence. The following incident at the capture of Fort Duquesne we copy from Craig's "Olden Time," vol. i. page 181: "On the morning of the next day, the 25th of November, l758, the army advanced from their encampment, the provincial troops in front, followed by a body of Highlanders. "Upon their arrival near Fort Duquesne, they entered upon an Indian racepath, upon each side of which a number of stakes, with the bark peeled off, were stuck into the earth, and upon each stake was fixed the head and kilt of a Highlander who had been killed or taken prisoner at Grant's defeat. The provincials, being in front, obtained the first view of these horrible spectacles, which, it may readily be believed, excited no very kindly feelings in their breasts. They passed along, however, without any manifestations of their violent wrath. But as soon as the Highlanders came in sight of the remains of their country men, a slight buzz was heard in their ranks, which rapidly swelled and grew louder and louder. Exasperated not only by the barbarous outrages upon tlle persons of their unfortunate fellow-soldiers who had fallen only a few days before, but maddened by the V insult which was conveyed by the exhibition of their kilts, and which they well understood as they had long been named'the petticoat warriors' by the Indians, their wrath knew no bounds. "]Directly a rapid and violent tramping was heard, and immediately the whole corps of Highlanders, witl their muskets abandoned and broadswords drawn, rushed by the provincials, foaming, with rage, and resembling, as Captain Craig* Patterson's History of the Backwoods says two hundred and seventy-three killed, and forty-two wounded. t This statement savors somewhat of the marvelous. * According to the Annals of tlle West, October 14. This word is said to be a corruption of La-el-han-nec, the Indian name. It is stated by John Sampson and other old residents, that some of the guns or fragments of carriages have been found in the deep water near Chartier's Creek at different times.HIST-ORY OF- ALLEGHENY -COUNTY,~ PENNSYLVANIA;37 At the date of the capture of Fort Duquesne the season was too far advanced to allow of the construction of a permanent work; but, as it was the intention of the British Governnment to hold command of the Ohio, it was necessary to occupy the place. Accordingly the army was set to work constructing a temporary work, which was built a little south or southeast of Fort Duquesne, near the bank of the Monongahela. When it was completed Colonel Hugh Mercer was put in command, with a force of two hundred men, just sufficient to hold it until a permanent work could be constructed. General Forbes and the bulk of the army returned to Philadelphia, the general arriving on the 17th of January, 1759. This gallant soldier only lived to March 11, following, when he succumbed to the disease which had long been preying upon him, and was buried in Christ Church on the 14th.. General John Stanwix was appointed, March 15, 1759, to succeed General Forbes, by order of General Amherst. On the 9th of July, 1759, the following officers were at Fort Pitt: Colonel Hugh Mercer; Captains Waggoner, Woodward, Prentice, Morgan, Smallman, Ward, and Clayton; Lieutenants Mathews, Hydler, Biddle, Conrod, Kennedy, Sumner, Anderson, Hutchins, Dangerfield, and Wright, of the train; Ensigns Crawford, Crawford, and Morgan. Some time during the summer of 1759,the fort was threatened by a formidable descent of French and Indians from the forts on the Allegheny and Lake Erie. Colonel Mercer, in a letter dated July 17, states that he had learned from two Indians of the Six Nations that the French troops at Venango amounted to about seven hundred, and there were also two hundred Indians, with large numbers arriving almost daily. Artillery and provisions were being brought forward from Le Boeuf and other points, and everything was nearly in readiness for a powerful attack upon the fort at the head of the Ohio, when Sir William Johnson's investment of Fort N iagara compelled. the French to concentrate their whole available force in the West. for the relief of that place, which commanded the Upper Lakes and the Ohio, and the capture, of which would jeopardize all their possessions in those regions. Turning their Venango forces towards Niagara, and bringing in a strong force from Illinois, Detroit, and adjacent posts, they united, under the command of D'Aubrey, and attempted to raise the siege of Fort Niagara. But Sir. William Johnson, hearing of their approach, advanced to meet them, and, on the 24th of July, defeated D'Aubrey with heavy loss, and compelled the garrison to s urrender on the following day. The capture of Niagara made it altogether improbable that the French would ever again disturb Fort Pitt; nevertheless the British Government determined to make " assurance doubly sure," by erecting a work of such magnitude and strength as should secure the possession of the country bordering on the Ohio. General Stanwix arrived at. the forks of the Ohio in July, 1759, and immediately proceeded to carry out the orders of Mr. Pitt regarding that important point. Upon hearing of the occupation of Fort Duquesne by General Forbes's army Mr. Pitt wrote, under date of January 23 1759: "Sir, I am now to acquaint you that the King has been pleased, immediately upon receiving the news of the success of his arms on the river Ohio, to direct the commander-in-chief of his Majesty's forces in North America, and General Forbes, to lose no time in concerting the properest and speediest means for completely restoring, if possible, the ruins Fort Duquesne to a defensible and respectable state, or for erecting another in the room of it of sufficient strength and every way adequate to the great importance of the several objects of maintaining his Majesty's subjects in the undisputed possession of the Ohio; of effectually cutting off all trade and communication this way between Canada and the Western and Southwestern Indians; of protecting the British colonies from the incursions to which they have been exposed since the French built the above fort, and thereby made themselves masters of the navigation of the Ohio; and of fixing again the several Indian nations in their alliance with and dependence upon his Majesty's government.' Immediately after the arrival of General Stanwix, he commenced building the extensive and costly work named in honor of the "great Commoner," Fort Pitt. It was a much larger work than Fort Duquesne, and stood a little to the southeast of that work, which it inclosed within its outlines, as well as the temporary work constructed in December, 1758, which the southeast angle of the outworks covered where it approached the Monongahela. The fort proper was built in the form of an irregular pentagon, with regular bastions at the five angles, surrounded by a broad moat, which at times was nearly filled by the rising waters of the river. The extreme length across its longest diameter, from the point of the northwest bastion t o the southeast, or properly south, bastion, was a little over t Killed at Princeton, during the Revolution, January 3, 1777. Craig's History of Pittsburgh.Olden Time. head coarsely. expressed it,'mad boars engaged in battle,'-swearing vengeance and extermination upon the French troops, who had permitted such outrages. " Their march was now hastened; the whole army moved forward after the Highlanders, and when they arrived somewhere about where the canal now passes, the fort was discoverd to be in flames, and the last of the boats, with the flying Frenchmen, was seen passing down the Ohio by Smoky Island. Great was the disappointment of the exasperated Highlanders. at the escape of the French,- and their wrath subsided into a sullen and relentless desire for vengeance."-Pittsburgh Gazette. The slain of Grant's command were carefully collected and solemnly interred by a detachment of Forbes's army. While the army remained here, a small force was sent out to " Braddock's Field" to collect and bury the skeletons of those who fell in the terrible battle of Monongahela. The following account is fromt Galt's " Life of Benjamin West," as given in Craig's " Olden Time, vol. i. page 186:, "After the taking of Fort Duquesne, General Forbes resolved to search. for the relics of Braddock's army. As the European soldiers,were not so well qualified to explore the forests, Captain West, the elder brother of Benjamin West, the painter, was sent, with his company of American sharpshooters, to assist in the execution of this duty; and a party of Indian warriors, who had returned to the British interests, were requested to conduct him to the place where the bones of the slain were likely to be found. "In this solemn and affecting duty, several officers belonging to the Forty-second Regiment accompanied the detachment, and with them Major Sir Peter Halket, who had lost his father and a brother at the fatal destruction of the army.' It might have been thought a hopeless task that he should be able to discriminate their remains from the common relics of the other soldiers, but he was induced to think otherwise, as one of the Indian warriors assured him that he had seen an officer fall near a remarkable tree, which he thought he could discover, informing him,at the same time, that the incident was impressed on his memory by observing a young subaltern, who, in running to the officer's assistance, was almost instantly shot dead on his reaching the spot, and fell across the other's body. "The major had a mournful conviction on his mind that the two officers were his father and brother; and, indeed, it was chiefly. owing to his anxiety on this subject, that this pious expedition, the second of the kind that history records, was undertaken. "Captain West and his companions proceeded through the woods and along the bank of the river. towards the scene of the battle. The Indians regarded the expedition as a religious rite, and guided the troops with awe, and in profound silence. The soldiers were affected with sentiments not less serious, and as they explored the bewildering labyrinths of those vast forests, their hearts were often melted with inexpressible sorrow, for they frequently found skeletons lying across the trunks of fallen trees a mournful proof, to their imaginations, that the men who sat there had perished of hunger, in vainly attempting to find their way to the plantations. Sometimes their feelings were raised to the utmost pitch of horror by the sight of skulls and b ones scattered on the ground, a certain indication that the. bodies had been devoured by wild beasts; and in other places'they saw the blackness of ashes amidst the relics-the tremendous evidence of atrocious rites. "At length they reached a turn of the river, not far from the principal scene of destruction, and the Indian who remembered the death of the two officers stopped; the detachment also halted. He then looked round in quest of some object which might recall distinctly his recollection of the ground, and suddenly darted into the woods. The soldiers rested their arms without speaking. A shrill cry was soon after heard, and the other guides made signs for the troops to follow them towards the spot from whence it came. In a short time they reached the Indian warrior, who, by his cry, had announced to his companions that he had found the place where he was posted on the day of battle. As the troops approached, he pointed to the tree under which the officers had fallen.' Captain West halted his men around the spot, and, with Sir Peter Halket and other officers, formed a circle, while the Indians removed the leaves which thickly covered the ground. The skeletons were found, as the Indians expected, lying across each other. " The officers having looked at them for some time, the major said that, as his father had an artificial tooth, he thought he might be able to ascertain if they were indeed his bones and those of his brother. The Indians were, therefore, ordered to remove the skeleton of the youth, and to bring to view that of the old officer. This was done, and, after a short examination, Major Halket exclaimed,'It is my father,' and fell back into. the arms of his companions. The pioneers then dug a grave, and the bones being, laid in it together, a Highland plaid was spread over them, and they were interred with the customary honors." There have been several similar expeditions. See account of Wayne's Expedition to the field of St. Clair's defeat.started up the St. Lawrence with a force of two hundred men and fifteen boats. On the 7th of November they landed at the mouth of the Cuyahoga Creek, where they were met by a deputation from Pontiac, with the impormation that the great Ottawa chief, would soon meet them. They demanded that Rogers should not proceed farther, without his permission. Pontiac soon after appeared, and with a most kingly bearing demanded to know why they were there without his consent. Rogers replied that Canada had been conquered, and that he was on his way to occupy the posts of the French, and restore peace to the Indians. The chief replied that he would stand in the path until morning. The next day he delivered a formal reply to the officer, that he consented to live in peace with the English as long as they treated him with due deference. He accompanied the troops to Detroit, protecting them on the way from a band of hostile Indians sent out by the Governor of Detroit. Arrived before this place, Rogers demanded the surrender of the post, which the Governor, Beletre, at first refused; but upon the exhibition of an order from Vaudreuil, commanding the surrender, he pulled down the French colors on the 29th of November, 1760, sixty years after the founding of Detroit. In the spring of 1763 the famous Indian war, known as Pontiac's or Guyasutha's war, broke out along the border, and extended from Lake Superior to Virginia. Guyasutha was a Seneca Indian, and no doubt had a general control of operations in the western part of Pennsylvania and the adjacent country, but the soul of the movement was undoubtedly Pontiac. The preliminaries of a treaty of peace between Great Britain, France, and Spain, were exchanged in November, 1762, and definitely ratified on the 10th of February, 1763. Under this treaty, the, colonies fondly hoped that all their troubles were over and a lasting peace secured; but the particulars were scarcely known in America, before the most terrific onslaught ever made by the savages fell like a thunderbolt upon the whole immense frontier, extending from near the seaboard to the Mississippi River. A scheme worthy the genius of Napoleon had been arranged, which was to strike at the same moment every English post from Mackinaw to Virginia, giving no time for one to assist another; and this was to be followed by a rapid and relentless war throughout the settlements. The Ottawas, Hurons, and Pottawattomies took the lead in the Northwest, and the Delawares, Shawanese, Mingoes, and others, bore the brunt in the region of Fort Pitt. " Pontiac, the great chief of the Ottawas, was then about fifty years of age. No chief of the American Indians, known in historic times, has been so richly endowed with those peculiar qualities that give to a barbarian warrior power over the minds of men. He sh.ared, indeed, all the passions and prejudices of his people. He possessed all their vindictive spirit and treacherous dissimulation. "He was profoundly ignorant of the great world in which he was an actor. Yet he had a most commanding intellect. he was capable of the noblest magna-- nimity; he was imbued with the loftiest ambition; and he possessed a power of combination and adaptation that was shared by none of his race."t The storm fell neatly simultaneously, like the simoon of the Sahara, upon all the English fortifications. Mackinaw, La Bay, and St. Joseph, on or near Lake Michigan; Miami, on the Maumee; Ouiatenon, on the Wabash; Sandusky, Presque' Isle, Le Boeuf, and Venango, on and near Lake Erie, all fell into the hands of the savages. Only Detroit, Fort Pitt, and Niagara, escaped. Niagara, was deemed too strong, and was not molested. Detroit very nearly fell by treachery, but an Indian girl revealed to Major Gladwin the plan of Pontiac and the fort was saved. Foiled in his attempt, Pontiac sat down before the place and deliberately besieged it for many months, and had it not been for its water communications, it would undoubtedly have fallen. The definitive treaty of peace between France and England destroyed all Pontiac's hopes of any assistance from the French, and, after conducting a siege unparalleled in the Indian annals, he withdrew in disgust, and we next hear of him at the head of six hundred warriors at the French fort, Chartres, in Illinois, where he had gone in the winter of 1764-65, to oppose the occupation of the country by the English, whom he had heard were ascending the Mississippi with a formidable force from New Orleans. His last place of residence is said to have been St. Louis. He is reported to have been murdered by a Kaskaskia Indian, whom an English trader named Williamson hired to do the deed for a barrel of rum. Le Boeuf was entirely surrounded by immense numbers of Indians on the 18th of May. It was furiously assaulted and the block-house set on fire, but, under cover of darkness, Ensign Price, who was in command, escaped with seven men to the forest and found his way to Fort Pitt after suffering great hardships. On the 27th of May the savages, flushed with victory, appeared before Fort COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 38 seven hundred feet. The moat, or ditch, extended from the Allegheny River, northeast of the fort, entirely around it, but did not (according to an accurate plan) connect with the Monongahela, though it approached very near to it. The two shorter angles of the work upon land-side were revetted with brick, and solidly embanked with earth. The other three angles were stockaded, with an earthen parapet. A line of sharpened palisades was planted near the foot of the rampart. The fort was supplied with casemates, or bomb-proofs, and had barracks and officers' quarters for one thousand men. Running across the point outside of and parallel to the ditch was a strong parapet, or earthwork, with salient and re-entrant angles, having entrances covered by traverses, and extending from river to river, with a broad glacis fronting the plain. A light parapet, with three bastions, or lunettes, extended along the Allegheny, near the bank, and thence along the Monongahela to the western bastion, covering most of the old French fort, and including the old barracks of Fort Duquesne. The sally-port was on the southwest side. Eighteen guns were mounted on the bastions, and the whole work was thoroughly finished and equipped according to strict military rules. For those days, and as a frontier work, it was remarkably strong, and is said to have cost the British Governnment sixty thousand pounds. Including its extreme outlines on the land-side, and taking in all the area between the two rivers, it covered something like eighteen acres. Fort Pitt was completed some time during the winter of 1 759-60. General Stanwix remained at the fort until the 21st of March, 7 1760, at which date he left on his return to Philadelphia, accompanied by an escort of fifty Royal Americans and thirty-five chiefs of the Ohio Indians. On the 24th of October, 1759, he held a treaty with the Six Nations, and the Wyandots, Shawanese, and Twightwees (Miamis). At this treaty were present several officers of the army, George Croghan, deputy agent of Sir William Johnson, Captain William Trent, Captain Thomas McKee, and Captain Henry Montour, interpreter. When the general left for Philadelphia everything was prosperous and promising. Hundreds of settlers who had left their lands at the time of Braddock's defeat had returned to clear up the wilderness, bringing many more with them. A lucrative trade with the Indians had sprung up, and peace seemed permanently established. General Stanwix left Fort Pitt in command of Major Tulikens, with a garrison of four hundred Royal Americans, one hundred and fifty Virginians, and one hundred and fifty Pennsylvanians. General Stanwix proceeded to England, where he was most graciously received by the King, in July, 17 60. He was lost in the latter part of 1766 on board the "Eagle," with his family, while crossing the Irish Sea from Ireland to England. General Monckton, who had served with distinguished ability as Wolfe's second in command at the siege of Quebec, where he was severely wounded, visited Fort Pitt in 1760, where he arrived June 29. By his orders the four companies of Royal Americans belonging to the garrison marched to Presq' Isle, also Captain McNeil's Company of the Virginia regiment, on the 7th of July; on the Wednesday following, Colonel Hugh Mercer, with three Pennsylvania companies, under Captains Biddle, Clapham, and Anderson, followed, and two days later the companies of Captains Atlee and Miles. Major Gladwin had already arrived at Presq' Isle with four hundred men, and the whole were destined against the last stronghold. of the French in Canada, Montreal. Monckton does not seem to have remained long at Fort Pitt, for he was in Philadelphia on the 6th of November following. Deputy Quartermaster-General Sir John St. Clair also seems to have been at Fort Pitt the same season. A Philadelphia paper speaks of his arrival in that city from Pittsburgh about the 10th of December. CHAPTER VIII. PONTIAC WAR-SIEGES OF DETROIT AND FORT PITT- BOUQUET'S EXPEDITIONS -CONTROVERSY BETWEEN PENNSYLVANIA AND VIRGINIA-WASHINGTON'S VISIT, 1770-DUNMORE'S WAR, 1774. THE war between France and England was substantially over after the surrender of Montreal to General Amherst in the spring of 1760. About all that remained for the English to do was to take possession of the French posts. On the 12th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers (who had won distinction with Stark and Putnam among the rangers of the border) was ordered by General Amherst, with a small force to ascend the lakes and take possession of the French posts in the West. Upon receiving his orders, Rogers immediately t Annals of the West. " See Craig's History of Pittsburgh, page 88.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PE1NNSYI,A-TANIA. 39 Pitt. They surrounded it on all sides, even posting themselves along the banks of both rivers, almost under its ramparts, from whence they annoyed the garrison day and night with rifles, fire-arrows, and every conceivable means known to Indian warfare. After a short investment, the savages appeared in the persons of several of their chiefs, and demanded the surrender of the garrison; stating that six great nations had taken up the hatchet against the English, and many more warriors would soon there, and if they held out long, they would all lose their scalps; but if they surrendered at once, they would be permitted to march to the Eastern settlements unmolested. Captain Ecuyer, of the Royal American Regiment, was in command, and although the works had been considerably injured by recent high water, and his garrison were in need of many things to enable them to make a successful defense, yet he showed not the least alarm, and boldly answered the savages that he was very well situated and proposed to stay. He advised the Indians to look after their women and children. A great army of six thousand men was coming to the fort, and another of three thousand was going up the lakes, while still another, accompanied by a multitude of Cherokees, was coming from the south. He told them to hide, for he did not want his friends to be hurt, but desired them not to let the hostile Indians know of these things, for he hoped to see them all destroyed. The Indians were beaten at their own game. The story of the three great armies was too much for them, and they abandoned the siege and fled down the river. They appeared again on the 26th of July in considerable force, and Shingiss Turtle Heart and other chiefs came and were admitted to a conference. They bitterly recounted the wrongs they had suffered from the English, and reported a message they had received from Pontiac, who, they said, was coming to strike the English at the forks of the Ohio. If the whites would go home to their wives and children they would be safe; if not, they would be in danger. Captain Ecuyer told them he had men and arms enough to defend himself for three years against all the Indians in the woods. The fort was his home, and if they molested it, he would fire bagfuls of bullets at them. He advised them to go home, as he did not want to hurt them. Disappointed in obtaining possession of the fort by stratagem, the Indians commenced the attack. They crawled along the river-banks,and dug holes to screen themselves from the fire of the garrison, from which they poured a constant fire upon the works. Portions of them were often on fire from their burning arrows. The garrison were in great straits, for their provisions were not abundant, and there was no assistance within two hundred miles. We take the following extract from the statement of one who was present during the siege: "I tell you we had awful times when Fort Pitt was closely besieged by the Indians. You see the yellow-skins lay so close along the bank of the Allegheny River that we could not get a shot at them, and we dared not venture outside. Any one who showed himself upon the rampart was sure to be the mark for an arrow or a bullet. Yet even then they did not always get off scot-free. Some of our fellows were more than a match for them in every way. " One day' Brown Bill.' procured some old clothes and straw, and stuffed a'paddy' with the greatest care. None of us could tell what was in the wind; and his only answer was that he was reinforcing the garrison. At night he told one of us to lift it up slowly above the stockade and pull it down quickly whenever it was fired at. He then took his station a few feet from it, and, when his eye became, accustomed to the darkness, directed us to raise it up. We raised it slowly, and a bullet passed through it; but instantly Bill, who could fire at a flash, put a bullet through the Indian's head. We all laughed at the result, which made Bill tremendously angry.'If you had held your jaw,' said he,'the paddy might have done some time again; now, it's no use, they will smell the rat.' "At last we became weary of being cooped up, and the officers began to fear that Bill, and some other kindred spirits, would carry out some mad scheme to their own undoing. Who first planned what I am going to tell you I do not know, but the following plan relieved us from our close blockade and chased the Indians from the bank of the river, the position which most annoyed us. We built upon rollers a large flat boat, with high sides; the rowers were secured and port-holes bored all around. When finished and ready, we rolled it into the Monongahela and anchored it in such a position that we could fire up the Allegheny. The Indians were astonished; they were afraid to attack either the boat or the fort, which would have placed them between two fires. We raked them from the boat along the river-bank; they set up the most diabolical yell I ever heard, retired up stream and never again ventured so close to us in daylight." About the 1st of August, the Indians heard that an army was coming against them for the relief of the fort, and they thereupon abandoned the siege and marched to the eastward for the purpose of cutting off the reinforcement. In the meanwhile a terrible Indian warfare was raging all along the border, which was then the Blue Ridge and the Susquehanna. About the beginning of harvest, the whole line, from New York to Carolina, was fiercely assailed. The settlers were slaughtered in their homes and in their fields and buildings; crops and improvements were left a smoking ruin. Twenty thousand people were driven from their homes in Western Virginia. The borderers of the province were protected by a line of stockade forts, and to these the inhabitants fled for protection. The province raised one thousand men and placed them under the command of Colonel Stephen and Major Lewis. The borderers flocked around this nucleus of an army, and the tide of savage invasion was stayed. As soon as information was received of the attack upon Fort Pitt, Colonel Henry Bouquet was ordered to raise a sufficient force at once and proceed to its relief. Colonel Bouquet was a Swiss by birth, having been born at Rolle, in the Canton of Vaud, about 1719. He had seen much service, having entered the army at seventeen years of age, and served in Switzerland, Sardinia, and Holland, in which latter State he was raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, under the Prince of Orange. He had also traveled extensively with Lord Middleton in France and Italy. He was a thorough scholar in the military art, and a man of letters. Under the patronage of the Duke of Cumberland, he was induced to enter the British service, and came to America, where his subsequent career showed him to be a thorough soldier, a competent officer, and a successful leader. On the conclusion of peace with the Indians, he was raised to the rank of brigadier-general and put in command of the troops in the Southern Colonies. He died at Pensacola, Florida, in 1765, at the age of about forty-six years. It has been well remarked by a prominent citizen of Allegheny, that it was well for the colonies that Colonel Bouquet did not live to command the British forces during the Revolution, for he certainly would have given them trouble. With great difficulty Bouquet, collected the remains of the Forty-second t and Seventy-seventh Regiments, which had lately returned from an exhausting campaign in the West Indies, amounting to barely five hundred men, sixty of whom were so feeble that they were obliged to ride in wagons. He commenced his march from Philadelphia about the beginning of July. Arliving at Carlisle, where he was to find ample stores collected, he found nothing had been done, and was forced to remain eighteen days, waiting for supplies. At length- the little army started forward, driving before them a hundred head of cattle and two hundred sheep, and boldly penetrated the wilderness. The inhabitants had no faith that this small and sickly force would accomplish anything, and looked for nothing better than its total destruction by the infuriated savages. When they remembered Braddock's terrible defeat, with a loss amounting to nearly double Bouquet's whole force, it is not to be wondered at that they shook their heads and turned pityingly from the contemplation of the fate of Bouquet and his gallant men. At Bedford, the troops were halted for three days, to get a rest and start fresh upon the perilous part of the route. Crossing the mountainssl owly in the heats of July, and pulling his trains after him, he arrived, towards the close of the month at Fort Ligonier, the list of the fortifications along the border that had maintained itself against the enemy. He had hoped to hear something of Fort Pitt at this point, but nothing had been heard for a month. All the messengers sent towards it had been killed or forced to return. Here he left his baggage and supply-wagons, and, taking along, a train of three hundred and fifty pack-horses, he pushed on towards Fort Pitt, now only fifty miles distant. Bouquet well knew that, unless he made a rapid march and outwitted the Indians, they would attack in some favorable position. Such a position was located on the headwaters of Turtle Creek, south of the crossing of Forbes's Road, near where now stands Harrison City. Two branches of Turtle Creek unite at Harrison City, called Brush Run and Bushy Run, and a third and larger stream, called Brush Creek, comes in a little below. It would appear that the Indians were already lying in wait among the hills at this point, when Colonel Bouquet, on the 5th of August, had arrived within a short distance after a hard march of seventeen miles. Knowing this pass, now just ahead of him, he determined to halt and rest his men until night, and then make a rapid march under cover of the darkness and pass the defile. The troops halted about oiie o'clock on some high ground, where the men ate their dinners and rested under the shade of the trees. Sentinels were posted and an advance guard sent forward to prevent surprise. t Gordon's History of Pennsylvania; Western Annals. Craig's Olden Time says Fortythird. Named in honor of Sir John Ligonier, Lord Viscount of Enniskillen, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in America in 1757. Western Annals.from total destruction. Bouquet's loss amounted to about fifty killed and sixtywounded. The loss of the Indians was not known, but they left sixty dead on the ground. Colonel Bouquet remained on the field four days, burying the dead and caring for his wounded. Rude litters were constructed, and the command carefully bore their wounded over the remaining distance to the beleaguered Fort Pitt, where theywere received with a joy that can never be expressed. When Bouquet arrived at the fort with his decimated command it was found impossible to prosecute the proposed expedition against the Ohio Indians that season; and he accordingly busied himself in supplying the place with provisions and ammunition, and in putting the works in a thorough state of repair. The following orders were promulgated from the headquarters at New York, in January, 1764: "ORDERS. "HEADQULARTERS, New YORK, January 5, 1764. His Majesty has been graciously pleased to signify to the Commander-inChief his royal approbation of the conduct and bravery of Colonel Bouquet, and the officers and troops under his command, in the two actions of 5th and 6th of August, in which, notwithstanding the many circumstances of difficulty and distress they labored under, and the unusual spirit and resolution of the Indians, they repelled and defeated the repeated attacks of the savages, and conducted their convoy safe to Fort Pitt. (Signed) "MONCREIF, "Major of Brigade. " To Colonel BOUUET,or officer commanding, at Fort Pitt." It was during the summer succeeding the arrival of Colonel Bouquet that the block-house, or, as it is sometimes called, redoubt, was built; the only object now remaining as evidence of British dominion.. It is a square building of brick, loopholed for musketry, and had a stone tablet bearing the following inscription: The Indians, becoming uneasy, and, possibly, fearing the command might take some other route, or discover their ambuscade, finally resolved to sally out anl attack Bouquet in his temporary camp. The men were whiling the sultry hours away as best they might, some sleeping, some talking, and all resting in the cooling shade, when suddenly a crash of musketry broke the stillness, and the appalling war-whoop saluted their ears. Instantly every man was on his feet and the ranks were hurriedly formed, to the " beat of the alarming drum," just as the advanced guard came rushing in, hotly pursued by the savages. Gallantly breasting the shock, the Highlanders gave the enemy one leaping fire and then charged them with the bayonet. They instantly gave way; but the moment the troops fell back they returned and poured in a deadly fire from every tree and bush. And thus the battle raged all the long, hot afternoon; the enemy circling around on every side, and the gallant army pushing them back with the bayonet, whenever they could see the skulking line for a moment in the openings of the forest. At length the shades of night settled down upon the battle-field; but, though the troops were relieved from the fire of the savages, they were now tormented by the fierce pangs of thirst. From the high ground they occupied no water was obtainable, and death by the hands of the savages, or the more terrible one from thirst, seemed their certain doom. The sufferings of the wounded were indescribable. They were carefully gathered up and placed in as secure a position as possible, and a temporary breastwork of baggage piled up around them to screen them from the fire of the savages, which they well knew awaited them at the dawn of day. To Bouquet and his men it was a night of unspeakable anxiety and suspense. Not a solitary chance seemed left, but, like brave men, they determined to fight to the bitter end. With the first ray of light the troops were under arms, and almost at the same moment came the wild yells of the enemy, and the battle was renewed with more fury than on the preceding day. The savages strove to carry the camp by a terrible rush, but the deadly charge of the Highlanders foiled them again and again, and they were driven into the depths of the forest, only to reappear with increasing fury at some other point. Hour after hour the fearful strife continued, with heavy loss to the little band, now hemmed in on every side. Bouquet's ranks were growing thinner at every discharge, while the enemy appeared to be steadily increasing. Compelled to surround his wounded, and his long train of pack-horses and baggage, in order to save them from destruction, he foresaw the inevitable result awaiting him of being destroyed in detail without the power to advance or retreat. In this desperate situation he studied anxiously for some possible solution of the terrible problem. At length his plan was determined upon. He resolved to try by a stratagem to draw the savages into close conflict. He accordingly ordered two companies which had been somewhat advanced beyond the circle to the front, to fall back within the circle as if about to retreat, and a few men to close behind them from the flanks, as if to cover them from pursuit. A large part of the men were rapidly and quietly countermarched on either flank to fall on the savages in their expected pursuit. The plan worked to a nicety; the eager enemy, seeing the movement, at once broke cover, and rushed with fearful yells and uplifted tomahawks upon the supposed retreating and demoralized army. Following swiftly through the open lines, they were suddenly stunned by a blighting discharge from the muskets of the retreating companies, who had wheeled around and come face to face with the screeching devils in their rear. Instantly following the discharge came a rush with the leveled bayonet. But the Indians, seeing the trap they were in, rallied and met the glittering line of steel with tomahawk and knife, and actually beat it back for a moment and the day seemed lost, when a warning bugle-blast pealed out upon the flanks and a long line of flashing fire poured destruction upon the dark-skinned mass, and at the same instant came a triple charge of death-dealing bayonets, from as many directions, swift upon them. Down went many a gallant warrior who had seen Braddock's legions discomfited upon the Mononahela. The blood-stained tomahawk and gleaming knife were of little avail against that torrent of exasperated Highlanders, and in less time than it takes to tell it, the confident enemy were left in bloody heaps along the road, or scattering with wild cries of dismay among the forest-trees. Like Wayne, many years after, upon the banks of the Maumee, Bouquet gave the savages no time to load their weapons, but pushed them unrelentingly until the last red son of the forest had disappeared, yelling, towards the Ohio. It was a crushing blow. It not only saved Fort Pitt, but turned back the on-sweeping tide of savage invasion, and saved a thousand miles of the borders HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEN.NSYLVAN5IA. 40 This tablet was taken from the old block-house, and inserted in the wall of the new city hall on the completion of that edifice. " In this same year, also, Colonel John Campbell laid out that part of the city of Pittsburgh which lies between Water and Second Streets, and between Ferry and Market Streets, being four squares. We have never been able to learn what authority Campbell had to act in this case. But when the Penns afterwards authorized the laying out of the town of Pittsburgh, their agent recognized Campbell's act, at least so far as not to change his plan of lots. The last step in perfecting this place as a military post and the first step in building up a town here were taken the same year." Preparations had been making ever since the arrival of Colonel Bouquet at Fort Pitt, in August, 1763, for a campaign against the, Indians beyond the Ohio; but it was not until August, 1764, that everything was in readiness. General Gage, the British commander, had planned two expeditions to complete the military operations against the Indians: one under Colonel Bradstreet, which was to proceed up the lakes, relieve Detroit, and scatter the tribes immediately under the lead of Pontiac; and the other, under Colonel Bouquet, was to operate against the Indians beyond the Ohio. Bradstreet arrived at Detroit on the 26th of August, and relieved that post, which had been closely beleaguered for nearlyfifteen months. He was met here by deputations from many of the Northwestern tribes, who pretended to be anxious for peace; but they played a double game on the unsuspecting Bradstreet, and he sent word to Bouquet that he had concluded a treaty, and there would be no need for his troops. Colonel Bouquet left Carlisle on the 5th of August with a force of five hundred regulars, including, most of his old command of "Bushy Run" fame, and about one thousand volunteers from Pennsylvania and Virginia. He was met at Fort Loudon by Bradstreet's dispatch, but he at once comprehended the duplicityof the Indians and the credulity of Bradstreet, and pushed on rapidly to Fort Pitt, which place he reached on the 17th of September. General Gage refused to ratify the treaty which the Indians pretended to have. mad e with Bradstreet, and ordered both armies to attack the enemy. A deputation of chiefs had met Colonel Bouquet, immediately on his arrival at Fort Pitt, upon the same errand of deception they had played Upon Colonel Bradstreet; but - Craig's History of Pittsburgh, 93..HISTORY OF -ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNASYLVANIA. 41 going down the Maumee in a canoe. Dragging their canoes over eighteen miles of rapids, and passing a Wyandot village, on the site of Maumee City, they entered Lake Erie and proceeded thence to Detroit, where they arrived on the 17th. At Detroit Croghan held several councils with the Indians. On the 26th he set out for Niagara, and arrived there on the 5th of October, after a series of most remarkable adventures. A controversy had existed ever since the first settlement of the country, regarding the line marking the boundary between Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. In 1768 a line was run under the direction of Mr. John Penn, the proprietary, by Messrs. Mason and Dixon, two competent surveyors, who had been brought over from England for the purpose of determining the proper boundary. It started at the mouth of Christiana Creek, on the Delaware, and ran due west to the Dunkard Creek, a branch of the Monongahela. From the two hundred and thirty-third mile-stone, on this line, a meridian line was afterwards run and measured to the Ohio River, by which it was calculated that Pittsburgh was about six miles within the bounds of the province of Pennsylvania, according to the grant of 1681. This line, since famous as the celebrated " Mason and Dixon's line," was found to be in north latitude 39 43' 42". The western boundary of Pennsylvania remained for a long time unsettled. Virginia claimed all the territory between the Monongahela River and the Ohio, including Fort Pitt and the surrounding country. A bitter controversy continued for many years between the respective provinces, at times approaching to open hostilities. In 1769 the lands adjacent to Pittsburgh were surveyed by the proprietary of Pennsylvania. Magistrates were appointed, and entered upon their duties without molestation. In October, 1772, General Gage sent orders to Major Edmondson, in command of Fort Pitt, to evacuate the place, as it was considered of insufficient importance to justify its further occupation as a military post. Mr. Craig, in his history of Pittsburgh, states that the pickets, stone, brick, timber, and iron in the walls and buildings of the fort and redoubts were sold for the sum of fifty pounds, New York curreney The fort was then abandoned; a corporal and three men being left to take care of the boats and bateaux, and to keep up the correspondence with the Illinois country. The fort was not destroyed, though abandoned as a military post by the British Government. Some time in the latter part of 1773, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, dispatched one John Connolly, as Captain-Commandant of Militia, to take possession of Fort Pitt, which he did, rechristening it " Fort Dunmore." He issued a grandiloquent proclamation, calling on the militia to meet him on the 25th of January, 1774. For this high-handed proceeding, Arthur St. Clair, agent for the proprietary, and magistrate, residing at Fort Pitt, promptly arrested Connolly, and committed him to jail at Hanna's Town, the seat of justice for Westmoreland County, which then embraced the present Allegheny County, or, at least, all that portion lying east and north of the Monongahela and Ohio Rivers. Connolly was soon released on bail. Information of these transactions was transmitted by express to Governor John Penn, who, on the 31st of January, 1774, wrote a letter to Lord Dunmore, urging him to refrain from appointing officers at Pittsburgh, and suffer matters to remain as they were until a temporary line could be run by Commissioners to be appointed by both governments.* To Governor Penn's letter Dunmore replied on the 3d of March, contending that Pennsylvania had admitted the title of Virginia to the territory in dispute. He refused to defer the appointment of officers, and demanded that St. Clair should be punished. Governor Penn replied on the 31st of March, and denied that the proprietary of Pennsylvania had ever admitted the claims of Virginia. He said, " The proprietaries of Pennsylvania do claim, as a part of their province, all the lands lying west of a souith line to be drawn from Miason and Dixon's line, as it is commonly called, at the westernmost part of the province of Maryland, to the beginning of the fortieth deglree of north latituide, to the extent of five degrees of longitude from the Delaware." He also declined to remove St. Clair, whom he pronounced to be an honest, worthy man, who had served his Majesty in the regulars with reputation. While this correspondence was going on, Connolly had gone to Staunton and been sworn in as a Justice of the Peace for Augusta County, Virginia, which, it was claimed, embraced the country around Pittsburgh. In the latter part of March he returned, bringing both civil and military authority for the enforcement of the laws of Virginia. About the 5th of April the court assembled at Hanna's Town for public business. Soon after, Connolly arrived with one hundred and fifty armed men with Bouquet promptly arrested them all, and sent back one of them with a message to the tribes, charging them with faithlessness, and threatening to put their captive chiefs to death unless they would permit the passage of his messengers safely through their country to Detroit. The army left Fort Pitt on the 3d of October, and marched down the Ohio and across to the Tuscarawas towns in the vicinity of Post's late missionary station. A council was held with the Delawares, Shawanese, and Senecas on the 17th. The chiefs threw the blame of the war upon their young men, but Bouquet sternly told them they must restrain their young men. They had murdered the settlers and violated their agreement with Colonel Bradstreet, and he would trust them no longer. All other tribes had made peace; they stood alone, and could be easily destroyed. He told them they could have twelve days in which to deliver up their prisoners. If they complied, they could have peace; if not, they need expect no mercy. The savages were humbled by Bouquet's bold and determined language, and hastened to restore their captives. On the 25th the army proceeded down the river to the junction of the Tuscarawas and the White Woman, where they were to receive the prisoners. They remained here until the 18th of November, during which time two hundred and six prisoners were given up. Many of these had been so long with the Indians that strong attachments had grown up between them, and the parting scenes were often very affecting. Some of the Indians followed their white friends even to Fort Pitt, and beyond. A hundred prisoners still remained, who were given up by the Shawanese the next year. Bouquet now relaxed his rigorous demeanor and consented to hold a council, at which he assured the chiefs that if they would give up all the prisoners that could be found, and meet Sir William Johnson, for the purpose of making a treaty, in the spring, and deliver to him six hostages for the performance of these requirements, he would leave them. These conditions being complied with, the army broke up its encampment on the l8th of November, and reached Fort Pitt on the 28th. The volunteers now disbanded and returned to their homes, and Colonel Bouquet marched with the regular troops for Philadelphia, where he arrived about the 1st of January, 1765. The promises of the Indians to Colonel Bouquet were faithfully kept, and representatives of all the tribes of the West met Sir William Johnson early in the spring at the German Flats, on the Mohawk River, and made a treaty of peace. A tract of land within the Indian territory was ceded for the benefit of the traders who had suffered by the war, and the Indians wished to make the Allegheny River the western boundary of the English settlements, beyond which they were not to go; but Sir William Johnson pleaded a want of jurisdiction in the matter, and this important point remained unsettled. Peace being concluded with the Indians, it now became necessary to visit the French inhabitants in the West, in order to conciliate and reconcile them to the change in the ruling government. George Croghan, the Commissioner of Sir William Johnson, was chosen for this important duty, and set out from Fort Pitt on the 15th of May, 1765, accompanied by the deputies of the Senecas, Delawares, and Shawanese. He deseended the Ohio River in two bateaux, the chiefs accompanying him in their canoes. On the 30th they passed the Great Miami River, and the next morning visited the place where elephants' bones are found, picking up a large tusk, six feet in length, which they took along. On the Sth of June the party were attacked at Old Shawanese Town by a band of eighty Kickapoo warriors, and two white men and three Indians were killed at the first fire, and Croghan and all the rest of the party wounded. A Shawanese Indian, who was wounded, boldly told the Kickapoos that all the Northern Indians would unite and take revenge on them for this outrage upon a peaceable party of ambassadors. The Indians tried to throw the blame of the affair upon the French, and claimed that they mistook them for a band of Southern Indians. The prisoners were taken to Poste Vincennes, where they arrived on the 15th. From this point Croghan wrote St. Ange, the French Commandant at Fort Chartres, on the Mississippi. On the 17th the Indians started with their prisoners for Ouiatenon, an Indian village situated on the Wabash River, a few miles below the modern city of Lafayette, Indiana. Croghan passed through the borders of several prairies, which he calls meadows, and speaks of them with astonishment, as resembling the ocean. They left this point on the 25th of July, and traveled up the Wabash and Eel Rivers, over the portage between the head-waters of the Wabash and those of the Miami (Maumee) of Lake Erie, to a Twightwee (Miami) village at the confluence of the rivers St. Joseph and St. Mary, now Fort Wayne. At this point a conference was held with the Indians. On the 6th of August they again set out, General St. Clair of the Revolutionary war.colors flying. He placed sentinels at the doors of the court-house, and refused to admit the magistrates. A meeting took place between Connolly and the magistrates, in which Connolly denied their authority to hold court, but would allow them to hold court for all matters which might.'be submitted to them by the people. The magistrates replied that their authority was derived from the Legislature of Pennsylvania; that it had been regularly exercised, and that they would continue to exercise it, and do all in their power to preserve tranquillity. They assured Captain Connolly that the Province of Pennsylvania would use every exertion to accommodate differences until the true boundary could be determined.'On the 8th of April, Justices Mackay, Smith, and McFarlane returned from'the county seat to Pittsburgh, where they resided, a nd were arrested on the next day by Connolly's sheriff;-- and on refusing to give bail were sent, under guard, to, Staunton, Virginia. After traveling one day, Mackay obtained permission to go by way of Williarsburg,- to see Governor Dunmore, and, after some conversation, with him, his lordship wrote to the sheriff, directing him to permit the prisoners to return home, and stating, that he would be responsible for them. Mackay immediately procee ded to Staunton, from which place he wrote a letter to Governor Penn, informing him that he and his fellow prisoners were to set out on their homeward journey forthwith. On the 19th of April, news of the arrest of the Justices reached Governor Penn; a.nd on the 21st, at a meeting of the Council, it was determined to send two Commissioners to.Virginia, to represent to Governor Dunmore the ill consequences which might ensue unless an immediate stop was put to the disorders in the West. Messrs. Tilghman and Allen were appointed, with instructions, first, to request the Governor of Virginia to unite' with the proprietaries of Pennsylvania to petition His Majesty's Council to appoint Commissioners to run the boundary line, the expense to be equally borne by the two colonies; second, to use every exertion to induce the Governor to agree to some temporary line; but in no ev.ent to assent to any line which would give Virginia jurisdiction of the country on the east side of the Monongahela River. The Commissioners arrived at Williamsburg on the 19th of May, and on the 21st had a conference with the Governor, in which he expressed his willingness to join in an application to the King to appoint Commissioners to settle the boundary, but also declared that Virginia would defray no part of the expense. As to the temporary line, he desired them to make their propositions in writing. In compliance with this request, they, on the 23d, addressed him a letter containing the following proposition: " That a survey be taken by surveyors, to be appointed by the two governments, with as much accuracy as may serve the present purpose, of the courses of the Delaware, from the mouth of Christiana Creek or near it, where Mason and Dixon's line intersects the Delaware, to that part of said river which lies in the latitude of Fort Pitt, and as much farther as may be needful for the present purpose. That the line of Mason and Dixon be extended to the distance of five degrees of longitude from the Delaware, and that from the end of said five degrees a line or lines, corresponding to the courses of the Delaware, be run to the river Ohio, as nearly as may be, at the distance of five degrees from said river in every part. And that the extension of Mason and Dixon's line, and the line or lines corresponding to the courses of the Delaware,'be taken as the line of jurisdiction until the boundary can be run and settled by royal authority." Lord Dunmore objected to the form which such an arrangement would give the western boundary, and suggested a meridian line at the distance of five degrees from the Delaware, in the forty-second degree of latitude. After a great amount of ineffectual correspondence, in which both parties refused to give up jurisdiction of the site of Pittsburgh, the Commissioners on the 27th notified his lordship that his determination not to relinquish Fort Pitt put a period to the negotiations. The failure of these negotiations was followed by- still greater tyranny at the hands of Connolly, who continued his domineering rule at Fort Pitt. In a letter from AEneas Mackay to Governor Penn, June 14, 1774, is the following language: "The deplorable state of affairs i n this part of your government is truly distressing. We are robbed, insulted, and dragooned by Connolly and his militia in this place and its- environs. This state of things, so far as Lord Dunmore and Captain Connolly were concerned, did not last long. On the 8th of June his lordship left his palace in Williamsburg, and fled on board the " Fowey" man-of-war, a British vessel hen lying in the river, where Connolly soon after joined him. The troubles about Pittsburgh attracted the attention of the delegates in the Continental Congress, and, among others, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and Benjamin Franklin united in a circular urging the people in the disputed region to mutual forbearance and closing with the following language: "We recommend it to you that all bodies of armed men, kept by either party, be dismissed; and that all those on either side who are in confinement or on bail for taking part in the contest be discharged." On'the 7th of August the Virginia Provincial Convention adopted the follow ing resolution: "Resolved, That Captain John Neville be directed to march with his company of one hundred men, and take possession of Fort Pitt; and that said companybe in the pay of the colony from the time of their marching." The captain marched from Winchester, and took possession of the fort on the llth of September. In speaking of this affair, Mr. St. Clair, in a letter to John Penn, on the 17th of September, says,'We have been surprised by a manoeuvre of the people of Virginia." This movement created a good deal of excitement among the Pennsylvanians. But when all the circumstances are taken into consideration, the proceeding was perhaps justifiable on the part of Virginia. Connolly was known to be a zealous Royalist, and as the war was just commencing between England and the colonies he would undoubtedly be busy in the British interest,. and might again easily take possession of Fort Pitt, to the detriment of the general cause. Once in his possession, he would, no doubt, soon arouse the Indians; and it was openly stated- that Dunmore had stirred up the war of 1774 to distract the colonists and cripple their energies, then being boldly put forth against the tyrannical rule of the British Government. "Captain Neville was then about forty-three or for-ty-four years of age, nearly the same age as Washington, of whom he was an early acquaintance, and with whom he had served in Braddock's campaign. He had been elected the preceding year a delegate to the Provincial Convention which appointed delegates to the first Continental Congress, but had been prevented from attending by sickness. "He had some time previously become an extensive landholder in the vicinity of Fort Pitt, and was, of course, interested in promoting harmony and good feeling in the region to which he was just bringing his family." Captain Neville figures quite extensively in the Whisky Rebellion of 1794, of which some. account appears hereafter. We now go back a little to give some extracts from the journal of Washington while on a visit to Fort Pitt and the region of the Ohio River, from the fort down to the Kanawha River, in the fall of 1770. This visit was made in the interests of the soldiers of the preceding wars who had been granted bounties in land by the Government of Virginia, but which, on account of the. continued troubles on the borders, they had not been able to occupy. To complicate matters still more, and reduce the prospective value of the soldiers grants to the smallest possible amount, new grants were being made which threatened to cover their lands entirely, and thus deprive them of a valuable reward for their services. Washington set' out from Mount Vernon on the 5th of October, 1770, accompanied by Dr. Craik and three negro servants with led horses for tent s and baggage. They traveled on horseback, and on the 13th reached Captain William Crawford's,* who was then living near where Connellsville now stands, a few miles'from the Great Meadows, where sixteen years before Washinton had surrendered as a. prisoner to De Villiers. We quote: 14th..At Captain Crawford's all day. Went to see a coal-mine not far from his house on the banks of the river. The coal seemed to be of the very best. kind, burning freely, and abundance of it. "15th.-Went to view some land which Captain Crawford had taken up for me near the Youghiogheny, distant about twelve miles. This tract, which contains abou t one thousand six hundred -acres, includes some as fine land as ever I. saw, and a great deal of rich meadow. It is well watered, and has a valuable mill-seat, except that the stream is rather too slight, and, it is said, not constant more than seven or eight months in the year. but on account of the fall and other conveniences no place can excel it. "In going to this land, I passed, through two other tracts. which Captain Crawford had taken up for my brothers Samuel and John. I intended to have visited the land which Crawford had procured for Lund Washington this day also, but time falling short I was obliged to postpone it. Night came on, before, I got back to Crawford's, where- I found Colonel Stephen. "The lands which I passed over to-day were generally hilly and the growth. chiefly white oak, but very good notwithstanding,; and, what is extraordinary and contrary to the property of all other lands I ever saw before, the hills are the Afterwards a colonel in the American army. Captured by the savages in 1782, and tortured to death. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY, COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 42richest lands, the soil upon the sides and summits of them being as black as a coal and the growth walnut and cherry. "17th.-Dr. Craik and myself, with Captain Crawford and others, arrived at Fort Pitt, distant from the crossing forty-three and a half measured miles. In riding this distance we passed over a great deal of exceedingly fine land, chiefly white oak, especially from Sewickley Creek to Turtle Creek, but the whole broken; resembling, as I think the whole lands in this country do, the Loudon lands. We lodged in what is called the town, distant about three hundred yards from the fort, at one Semple's, who keeps a very good house of public entertainment. The houses,which are built of logs and ranged in streets, are on the Monongahela, and I suppose may be about twenty in number, and inhabited by Indian traders. The fort is built on the point between the rivers Allegheny and Monongahela, but not so near the pitch of it as Fort Duquesne stood. It is fivesided and regular, two of which, near the land, are of brick, the others stockade; a moat encompasses it. The garrison consists of two companies of Royal Irish, commanded by Captain Edmondson. "18th. Dined in the fort with Colonel Croghan and the officers of the garrison; supped there also, meeting with great civility from the gentlemen, and engaged to dine with Colonel Croghan the next day at his seat, about four miles up the Allegheny." On the 19th Washington received a visit from the White Mingo and several chiefs of the Six Nations, when complimentary speeches were made; after which they dined with Colonel Croghan and returned to Pittsburgh in the evening, accompanied by Colonel Croghan, who was intending to go down the Ohio with the party. An Indian, called the Pheasant, and Joseph Nicholson, an interpreter, were engaged to accompany them. "20th.-We embarked in a large canoe, with sufficient store of provisions and necessaries, and the following persons besides Dr. Craik and myself, to wit: Captain Crawford, Joseph Nicholson, Robert Bell, William Harrison, Charles Morgan, and Daniel Rendon, a boy of Captain Crawford's, and the Indians, who were in a canoe by themselves. "From Fort Pitt we sent our horses and boys back to Captain Crawford's, with orders to meet us there again on the 14th of November. Colonel Croghan, Lieutenant Hamilton, and Mr. Magee* set out with us. At two we dined at Mr. Magee's, and encamped ten miles below and four above Logstown. We passed several large islands which appeared to be very good, as the bottoms also did on each side the river alternately; the hills on one side being opposite the bottoms on the other, which seem generally to be about three or four hundred yards wide, and vice versa. "21st.-Left our encampment about six o'clock and breakfasted at Logstown, where we parted with Colonel Croghan and company about nine o'clock. At eleven we came to the mouth of the Big Beaver Creek, opposite to which is a good situation for a house, and above it, on the same side, that is, the west, there appears to be a body of good land also. "About five miles lower down, on the east side, comes in Raccoon Creek, at the mouth of which, and up it, appears to be a body of good land also. All the land between this creek and the Monongahela, and for fifteen miles back, is claimed by Colonel Croghan, under a purchase from the Indians, which sale, he says, is confirmed by his Majesty. On this creek, where the branches thereof interlock with the waters of Shurteest Creek, there is, according to Colonel Croghan's account, a body of fine, rich, level land. This tract he wants to sell, and offers it at five pounds sterling per hundred acres, with an exemption of quit-rents for twenty years; after which to be subject to the payment of four shillings and two pence sterling per hundred acres, provided he can sell it in ten-thousand-acre lots. At present the unsettled state of the country renders any purchase dangerous. From Raccoon Creek to Little Beaver Creek appears to me to be little short of ten miles, and about three miles below this we encamped, after hiding, a barrel of biscuit in an island to lighten our canoe." The exploring party went down the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Kanawha, and up that stream about twenty miles, and after exploring the country about its mouth returned to Fort Pitt, where they arrived on the 21st of November. Washington in his journal speaks particularly of the appearance and depth of the rivers; notices all the " good land," and gives a most interesting account of the different varieties of game, and speaks of the abundance of buffalo about the valley of the Kanawha. The journal is given entire (with the exception of a portion, which was so worn that it could not be read) in the " Olden Time," page 426, vol. i. The short, but destructive war of 1774, commonly called " Dunmore's War," I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYL-VANIA. 43 was so nearly connected with the, history of Allegheny County that a brief account of it is inserted. The Indians had never willingly disposed of their lands west of the mountains, an d although the English had claimed them by virtue of various treaties, yet they still insisted that if they had ever given any title to such lands, it was when under the influence of the white man's fire-water, or other artifices. Difficulties were constantly occurring. In 1770, Ebenezer, Silas, and Jonathan Zane settled at Wheeling, and during the same year Daniel Boone and his brothers, the McAfees, Bullitt, Floyd, Hancock, Taylor, and others, were exploring Kentucky preparatory to settling the country. The savages saw these encroachments with extreme jealousy, but the remembrance of the power shown by Great Britain and her colonies during the war of 1763 made them extremely cautious about precipitating another collision. But the event so dreaded by both parties was hastened by a set of unprincipled white men, who were determined to take possession of the country in one way or another; and General St. Clair intimates plainly, in his letters to the proprietaries, that Captain Connolly, heretofore mentioned, was secretly stirring up animosities between the whites and natives. On the 21st of April he wrote a letter to the settlers on the Ohio, stating that the Shawanese were not to be trusted, and that the whites ought to be prepared to revenge any wrong done by them: The following correspondence shows very clearly the condition of affairs at this date. "LIGONIER. June 26, 1774. "SIR, I have the honor to transmit a memorial from the inhabitants of Pittsburgh to your Honor, with some remarks upon Mr. Connolly's conduct, in support of it, which came to my hands a few minutes ago. It is most certain, Sir, they are most injuriously treated. The only piece of news from above, since my last, is, that Mr. Connolly sent two parties down the river in pursuit of the Shawawese who escorted the traders, who intercepted them at Beaver Creek, fired on them, and wounded one, and then ran off in the most dastardly manner. What may be the consequences God knows, but it is well if the traders do not suffer yet; their horses and peltry are not yet arrived. " Mr. McFarlane has just arrived from Virginia, and reports that four companies are on their march to Pittsburgh. I think he must be mistaken, both as their militia law is expired, and that it is not an easy matter to conduct so large a body through an uninhabited country, where no magazines are established. Any occurrences worthy of your notice shall be intimated by every opportunity. I am, Sir, your Honor's most humble servant, "ARTHUR ST. CLAIR." "MEMORIAL. " To the Honorable John Penn, Esquire, Governor and joint proprietor of the province of Pennsylvania, etc. "The memorial of the subscribers, in behalf of themselves and the remaining few inhabitants of Pittsburgh who have adhered to the Government of Pennsylvania, humbly showeth, that your memorialists have suffered in an unprecedented manner by the arbitrary proceedings of Dr. Connolly, since the commencement of his tyrannical government at Pittsburgh. The principal facts we shall beg leave to lay before your Honor, as followeth: Soon after the return of the magistrates of this place from Staunton jail, in Virginia, Mr. Connolly, being extremely enraged that Mr. Mackay should acquaint Lord Dunmore with his tyrannical behavior, took all opportunities to affront and use Mr. Mackay ill, so that in a few days after he ordered Mr. Mackay's outhouses to be pulled down, and the materials to be carried to his garrison; and when Mr. Mackay complained of such oppressive measures, he was threatened by Dr. Connolly to be sent in irons to Williamsburg. " Mr. William Butler, one of the subscribers, and an eminent trader at this place, has been cruelly treated by Mr. Connolly, nay, was threatened to be shot down, for daring to refuse carrying arms at Mr. Connolly's militia array, etc. That your memorialists are of opinion that Mr. Connolly has taken all the pains in his power to foment the disturbances between us and the Indians, for several reasons, particularly when a number of the traders arrived here lately from the Shawanese towns, escorted by three Shawanese chiefs, who were sent to the care of Colonel Croghan, till a handsome present was made to them by the traders, for their fidelity; Doctor Connolly ordered out forty-one of his militia to take them at all events, and to send them to his guard-house, which hellish plot being discovered, Mr. Butler, and some other friends, conveyed the Indians and their presents over the river, just as the guard surrounded Mr. Croghan's house; for which Mr. Butler has been severely threatened. " That a number of the subscribers, etc., have been very severely treated by This should be McKee. t Chartier's Creek is no doubt meant. Craig.i 44'9th. He sent a party who robbed Mr. Joseph Spear's carriers of one horseload of gunpowder,.about six miles from town, which was, sent by said Spear for the use of the inhabitants of this County, if necessity required. This robbery was committed by a party headed by the aforesaid Aston, who beat and insolently abused the person who had said powder in charge, when he demanded a receipt for the same. " These are but a few of the many distresses we labor under, and, without protection and speedy redress, cannot long support ourselves under such grievances, persecution, and tyranny." " AENEAS MACKAY, JOSEPH SPEAR, AND DEVEREUX SMITH, TO JOSEPH' SHIPPEN, JR." "PITTSBURGH, July 8, 1774. "Sir, Since our memorial to his Honor the Governor, of the 25th of June, accompanied by some notes, there has several occurrences of so extraordinary a nature happened that we hope no apology is necessary for giving you this trouble. "The traders who were coming by land are all in safe. Captain White Eyes is returned with the strongest assurances of friendship from the Shawanese, Wyan(dots and Cherokees, with whom he has been treating in our behalf. Upon his return the found, his house broken open by the Virginians, about thirty pounds' worth of his property taken, which was divided and sold. by the robbers at one Froman,s Fort, on Chartin's (Chartier's) Creek. "Dr. Connolly,continues to exercise, his authority as usual. Our persons are daily insulted, our, property forcibly taken, and even our lives threatened. We had a remarkable instance of this on the first instant. A horse, the property of Messrs; Richard and William Butler, having been taken by a vagrant fellow at this place, was secreted by him in the town, which, when Messrs. Butlers were informed of, they went and took their horse, but not without obstinate resistance on the side of the thief, who, in their own defense, they were obliged to strike; upon which the fellow applied to Dr. Connolly, who sent a serge ant to Richard Butler, commanding him, to appear immediately at the garrison; but Mr. Butler refused to go, and denied Dr. Connolly's authority; whereupon a certain Captain Aston,was sent for them with a party from the fort,-and orders to break their house and take them at all events. Messrs. Butlers' after much debate and repeated threats from Captain Aston, at the entreaty of their friends, consented to go down to the'garrison, and when they demanded the cause of such treatment, were answered that they must go immediately to jail; but they were allowed afterwards to, give bail for their appearance at Augusta Court. The same day Mr. Con= nolly informed them, and the other traders, they must pay him a duty of four pence per skin before they could remove one from this place, and immediately ordered the roads to be stopped, which was accordingly done, and a number of horses belonging to Mr. Blaine and others were seized and brought back.''A few days ago one of the traders who went to meet his people, and some Indians that were bringing his peltry from New Connerstown, was, upon his return, waylaid by about forty Virginians, who took him, three of his men, and five Delaware men, prisoners, telling him they would for the future treat as savages and enemie s every trader that they should find in the woods. "About this time two Delaware men, who had come from the towns up to assist some of the traders with their horses, were pursued by a party of Virginians to Mr. Smith's house, where they flew for protection. The party followed them to the door, demanded entrance, and swore they would burn the house if they were refused. The Indians, notwithstanding, were kept in the house till night, and then dismissed in safety. "Mr. William Butler being insulted by a worthless, drunken fellow, was under the necessity of chastising his insolence, whereupon Mr. Connolly issued a king's warrant for him, and his sheriff came,to Mr. Smith's, where Mr. Butler then was, between eight and nine o'clock at night, and after an unsuccessful attempt to take Mr. Butler, ran out and called a guard that was waiting for the purpose, who immediately surrounded the house, remained there until after nine o'clock, and then dispersed. The Virginians, from their conduct, appear determined on war. Colonel Lewis is supposed to be at the Kanawhas with fifteen hundred men, and, several, parties have gone from this place to join him. Major McDonald, Mr. Cresap, and others are, expected here shortly, who, it is said, are going down the river to build forts and station men at different places. "We have no room to doubt that Dr. Connolly has, by order of Lord Dunmore, sent a speech to the Shawanese, importing that Logan and his party be immediately delivered up, with the three prisoners that he has taken, and some other Shawanese that are supposed to have committed a murder last winter. That on a refusal (the Virginians) are determined to proceed against them with vigor, and show them no mercy. Dr. Connolly has expresses constantly on the road between this and Williamsburg, whereby he has been able to impose on his lordship the flagrant misrepresentations of Indian, Affairs that appeared in the Williamsburg Mr. Conolly for our adherence to the Pennsylvania Government, which, for brevity's sake, must be omitted. "The premises considered, your memorialists most earnestly request your Honor will fall upon some speedy method to relieve our distresses, and to send us directions, as soon as possible, how to act on this critical occasion. "For a further explanation of our distresses, we beg leave to refer your Honor to the enclosed remarks, which are absolute facts. "(Signed) AEneas Mac'kay, Devereux Smith, John Ormsby,'Richard Butler, William Butler, James O'Harra, James Fowler, Joseph Spear, Andrew Robinson, Frederick Farry, Robert McCully, George McCully, John Shannon, Gabriel Walker, John Walker, Benjamin Elliot, Alexander Wayne, Ralph Nailer, William Evans, William Amberson,William Hamilton, James Smith, John Irwin, Robert Elliott, Richard C Carson, Joseph Carrel, Stephen Groves." "Remarks on the Proceedings of Dr. Connolly. - " PITTSBURGH, June 25, 1774. "The distressed inhabitants of this place have just cause to charge their present calamity and dread of an Indian war entirely to the tyrannical and unprecedented conduct of Doctor Connolly, whose design, as we conceive, is to better his almost desperate circumstances upon the distress of the public and the ruin of our fortunes, as will appear from the following facts: 1 st. Othe 25th of January last a number of disorderly persons assembled themselves here in conseqence his advertisements (as militia), who, when dispersing, wantonly and, maliciously fired on some friendly Indians, in their huts on,the Indian shore, which conduct, together with so unexpected an appearance of so many people in arms, at a time when they expected no hostile intentions on our, part, greatly alarmed them, as appeared by a complaint made by them at a council with Alexander McKee, Esq., Indian Agent,'and some of the inhabitants of this place, a few days after. "2d. Michael Cresap, in vindication of his own conduct, alleges that it was in consequence of a circular letter from said Connolly, directed' to the inhabitants on the Ohio, that he murdered the' Indians and that in a manner that savage ferocity could scarcely equal, and in cold blood, without the least provocation, amongst whom were some Delawares that had been employed by William Butler to carry goods and hands to the relief of his brother, who was at that time in the Indian country, all of which property they have'been deprived of to a considerable amount. Also, every part of said Connolly's conduct to our friendly In- dians convinces us that he means to force them to a war, as he both refuses to rotect and endeavors to murder those that, at the risk of their lives, came with our traders to protect them, and to deliver assurances of their friendship to the public, which can be produced, if required. "3d.'A large body of armed men broke open Mr. Mackay's and Mr. Smith's back-yard gates, and rescued the villain Reily, who was sworn constable for Westmoreland County, at that time, and was confined for abusing said Mackay in his own house; five of these men presented their guns at Mr. Mackay and, Mr. Smith. Also one of the party struck at Mr. Mackay: with his gun, and broke it in pieces, while another presented his rifle through his parlor window swearing that he would shoot down Mrs. Mackay if she, did not immediately set open the doors of her house; upon which she fled, but was immediately assaulted by one Aston (a captain of said Connolly's appointment), with a drawn sword, who stabbed her in the arm. "Mr. Spear was also abused and scratched -by said Aston, at the same time. "4th. Said Connolly, with an armed force of two hundred men, surrounded the court-house, etc. "5th. He sent AEneas Mackay, Devereux Smith, and Andrew McFarlane, magistrates, under an armed guard, to Staunton jail, in Virginia; then. proceeded to shoot down our cattle, sheep, and hogs, taking, by force of arms, any part of our property he pleased; also, pressing our horses without applying for them, or tendering any satisfaction. to the sufferers for so doing. "6th-. He sent an armed guard to town to plunder the house of Mr. Devereux Smith, but was prevented by Mr. William Butler, at the risk of his life.'7th. He (Connolly) with his whole force, came to the house of Mr. Mackay, broke'open his gates, and pulled down a log stable and, sheep-house, threatening to pull down his' dwelling-house if he thought proper. He came again, accompanied by one of his officers,to Mr. M ackay's, and abused him in a blasphemous, outrageous manner, threatening to send him in irons to Virginia the next day. 8 th. He sent an armed guard to town with a general search-warrant to search every house in town, without exception, for the effects of a man that died the evening; before in their fort, that some of themselves had robbed his corpse of In the course of their search they broke open a chest in a man's house that bears a good character here, and took out several articles, and, at the same time, insulted the owner.ently carry, and either collected at the forts and block-houses or fled beyond the mountains for safety. Very soon after, the Indians began hostilities. Expresses were immediately sent off to Williamsburg with news of the outbreak to the Assembly, which was then in session. A plan for a campaign was quickly arranged by Governor Dunmore and General Andrew Lewis, of Botetourt County. The general was appointed to the command of the southern division, with orders to raise a large body of volunteers from the southeastern counties with all possible dispatch. The rendezvous was at Camp Union, in Greenbrier County. The Governor was to raise another force in the northern counties and the settlements west of the mountains and rendezvous at Fort Pitt, and thence descend the river to Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, where the two divisions were to unite for the purpose of carrying the war directly into the Indian country beyond the Ohio. On the llth of September, the forces under General Lewis, amounting to eleven hundred (1100) men, commeced their march from Camp Union to Point Pleasant, a distance of one hundred and sixty miles. On the 21st they reached the mouth of Elk River, on the Kanawha, about sixty miles above its mouth. Here they encamped, and set to making canoes in which to transport their flour. which had been brought thus far on pack-horses. At this point, on the 23d or 24th, the force from Fincastle joined them, under the command of the general in person. The workmen constructed twenty-seven canoes, and on the lst of October the army proceeded down the Kanawha, then known by many as New River, and arrived at its mouth (Point Pleasant) on the 6th. They had not been molested, except that on the Elk River the Indians stole a few of their horses. General Lewis, on his arrival, found no tidings of Governor Dunmore, who was to have joined him here. He immediately sent messengers to Fort Pitt to obtain information of the Governor's movements and return with all speed. On the 9th, three men, Indian traders, arrived on an express from the Earl, informing the general that he had changed his plan, and would march via Hockhocking, and ordering him to march immediately for the Old Chillicothe towns. Early on the morning of Octob er 10 two young men started out from camp to hunt, and, when about two or three miles out, were fired upon by Indians and one of them killed; the survivor ran back to camp and communicated the intelligence that a large body of Indians was close by, on its way to attack the army. The troops were encamped on the point between the Ohio and the Great Kanawha, and the Indians, coming swiftly on, spread their force in an unbroken line from one river to the other, thus completely hemming in the Virginians. It was a bold plan of Cornstalk and the other chiefs, whose intention was to cut off all chance of escape and eventually massacre the whole force; and, no doubt, but for the fact that nearly every man was a sharpshooter and familiar with the deadly border rifle, such would have been the inevitable result. The force was wholly American, and composed entirely of the same class of determined men that destroyed Major Ferguson's command of British and Tories, at the famous battle of King's Mountain, in South Carolina, in 1780. Probably no such force of riflemen had ever before been upon any battle-field against the Indians. General Lewis instantly ordered out three hundred men under his brother, Colonel Charles Lewis, and Colonel Fleming, while the main body remained in the camp. The detachment moved out in two lines, and met the Indians within four hundred yards, who instantly opened a destructive fire upon them, compelling them to fall back in some confusion. Colonel Lewis was mortally wounded by the first fire, but he walked back to the camp and expired in his tent. Colonel Fleming was also mortally wounded soon after, and things were looking dubious, when Colonel Field came up with a reinforcement, and the savages were checked. A close fight was now maintained until noon, the combatants, according to an eye-witness, being not over twenty yards apart, and often fighting hand-to-hand, with tomahawk and knife. The Indians at length began to give way, slowly falling back, obstinately contesting every rod of ground, until they finally took up a strong position along a rise of ground, where they held out all the remainder of the day. The lines were upwards of a mile in length, and along every part the contest was maintained with the most determined spirit until late in the day, when General Lewis sent a strong force along the banks of the Kanawha, which succeeded in flanking the Indians, and about dark they withdrew across the Ohio, taking their wounded and a part of their dead with them. The Indians were commanded in person during this desperate battle by the great Cornstalk, head chief or king of the Shawanese. His voice was constantly heard during the day encouraging his men, and crying, " Be strong I Be strong!" This great chieftain was treacherously murdered, with his son, in 1777, at the fort which had been erected at Point Pleasant. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. paper of the 9th of June, which has been publicly confuted at this place by several persons well acquainted with the present state and sentiment of the different nations. " We hope that it is not necessary to say any more to convince you how unhappily we are at present circumstanced, not only from the prospect of an Indian war, which the Virginians appear determined to bring upon us, but from the apprehension of further insults from Dr. Connolly's extraordinary conduct, of which we have given several specimens, and which, without the interposition of Government, we shall be not long able to support. "We are, sir, with profound respect, your humble servants, " _AENEAS MACKAY, ~ JOSEPH SPEAR. DEVEREUX SMITH. "TO JOSEPH SHIIPPEN, JR., ESQ., Secretary to his Honor, the Governor." War had apparently become inevitable. As early as January, some of Connolly's militia had fired on a party of Shawanese, near the mouth of Saw-Mill Run. The Shawanese chiefs had been invited by Mr. Croghan to come to Pittsburgh, and were there from Christmas, 1773, until April, 1774. They complained that Croghan had brought them here under pretence of doing business, and kept them in great distress for want of provisions and clothing. About the time they were ready to return home, the inhabitants made a collection of goods for them, which partially satisfied them. On the 16th of April three Cherokee Indians waylaid a canoe, loaded with goods for the Shawanese towns, belonging to William Butler, killed one white man and wounded another and plundered the canoe. On the 24th of April, Mr. Butler sent another canoe in charge of two Indians, who were reliable, and two white men, to bring peltries from the Shawanese towns. On the 27th, when about ninety miles below Pittsburgh, they were fired upon, and both the Indians killed, by Captain Miohael Cresap, at the head of a party of men. The Indians were scalped. Cresap also followed the Shawanese chiefs who had been at Pittsburgh during the winter and attacked them in their camp, killing one and wounding another. The remainder fled to the Delaware towns and spread the alarm. The Deawares were greatly incensed at these outrages. About the same time one Daniel Greathouse, at the head of another party, killed and scalped nine Indians at the house of one Baker, near Yellow Creek, about fifty-five miles down the river. These forays and inhuman murders undoubtedly occurred in consequence of Connolly's inflammatory letter to the Ohio traders; in fact, Cresap expressly claimed that the letter was his authority for the proceedings, and, soon after the outrages, he wrote to Connolly and McKee that, unless they would give security that the Indians would not retaliate, he would continue hostilities against them. The greatest efforts were made by Mr. Croghan to excuse and palliate these outrages, and the Delawares were favorably inclined, but the Shawanese chief, Hardman, sent a message that his people were all warriors, and would not listen until they had satisfaction for the injuries they had received from the Virginians. Among the sufferers by the atrocities of Cresap and Greathouse, or rather Connolly, was Logan, a Mingo chief of good repute, who had long been a friend of the whites. His whole family had been cut off, and the chief was terribly inflamed, and swore vengeance against all white men. During the month of May various parties were killed and scalped by the Indians in western Virginia, which, in turn, highly exasperated the Virginians. About May 1, Colonel Croghan sent a message to King Custologa, Captains'White Eyes, Pipe, and such other chiefs as were conveniently near to Pittsburgh. asking them to come in and hold a council upon the condition of affairs. On the 3d a meeting convened at Colonel Croghan's house, at which there were present Captain Connolly, commandant of militia, several inhabitants of Pittsburgh, Guyasutha, the White Mingo, and a deputation of the Six Nations, who were here upon their way with speeches from Sir William Johnson to the Hurons. and the Wabash Confederacy. The council was continued from day to day until June 9. On the 4th arrived Captain White Eyes, Pipe, Samuel Compass, Keykewenum, and several other prominent men of the Delawares. Every effort was made to pacify the Indians, but with indifferent success, though Pennsylvania did not feel the effects of the war as severely as Virginia, as the Indians chiefly laid the blame upon the inhabitants of the latter province. Notwithstanding every endeavor, matters grew continually from bad to worse. Unprincipled white men and ungovernable young Indian warriors speedily precipitated what every well disposed person among both parties sincerely regretted. The massacres at Captina and Yellow Creek thoroughly alarmed the settlers, for they judged rightly that the Indians would soon be on the war-path to avenge their wrongs, and they hastily gathered up what movables they could conveniOlden TimeResidence and Ferry of Q. A. McClure, McKeesport (Plate XXXVII.) " of John Logan, Pine Township (Plate XXXVII.) " Winefred Sweeny, Ohio Township (Plate XXXVIII.) " Olive Granon," Residence of Dr. L. E. Davis, Marshall Township (Plate XXXIX. ) Residence of Wm. A. Payne, Jefferson Township (Plate XL.) " James Payne, Jr., Jefferson Township (Plate XLI.) " late James Payne, Sr., Jefferson Township (Plate XLI.) Portraits of James and Hannah Payne (Plate XLI.) James (Jr.) and Sarah Payne (Plate XLI.) Residence of Joseph Payne, Jefferson Township (Plate XLII.). " J. M. Miller, " " " " Samuel L. Heath, Jefferson Township (Plate XLIII.). " J. M. Parkinson, " "" "William Wilson, Snowden Township (Plate XLIV.) " James McKnight, Elizabeth Township (Plate XLV.) " J. P. Weddell,' " "Jacob Covode, Sharpsburg (Plate XLVI.) "John Noble, Baldwin Township (Plate XLVI.) "John Payne, Jefferson Township (Plate XLVII). " William Sample, Sr., Sharpsburg (Plate XLVIT.). Portraits of John and Margaret Payne, Jefferson' Township (Plate XLVII.). "William and Jane Samples, Sharpsburg (Plate XLVII.) Residence of J. N. O'Neil, Elizabeth Township (Plate XLVIlII.) Homestead and Residence of H. B. Wallace, Snowvden Township (PlateXLIX.) Residence of Samuel Chamberlin, Jefferson Township (Plate L.) " late. Wm. H. Stewart, " " " "T. H. Gibson, Sharpsburg (Plate LI.) Residences of W. A. and L. W. Lewis, Sharpsburg (Plate LI.). Residence of John Agnew, Baldwi n Townsbip (Plate LII.) " Joseph McConnell, Collier Township (Plate LIII.) " T. F. McCabe, Lee's Dale (Pla.te LIII.). "and Office of Dr. T. C. Robinson, Turtle Creek (Plate LIV.) " of J. C. Carothers, Patton Township (Plate LIV.) " George B. Forsythe, Collier Township (Plate LV.) " and Mill, Isaac Walker, "of A. A. Miller, North Fayette Township (Plate LVI.) Residences of I. D. and Daniel Risher, Sr., Baldwin Township (Plate LVII.) Residence of Dr. John Semple, Wilkinsburg (Plate LVIII.) " J. F. Horning, Fair Haven (Plate LVIII.).. " W. L. Hunter, M.D., Turtle Creek (Plate LIX.) Portraits and Biography of James and Isabella Sharp (Plate LX ) Residence of late James Sharp, Sharpsburg (Plate LXI.), double page Portrait and Biography of Major A. M. Brown (,Plate LXII.) " of Hon. Thos. M. Marshall (Plate LXIII).. " James Thomson (Plate LXIII.)... Residence of John Walter, Hampton Township (Plate LXIV.). " Rev. H. G. G. Fink, Springdale (Plate LXIV.). " William Dickey, Richland Township (Plate LXV.) Home of George N. Ewalt, Richland Township (Plate LXVI.) Residence of John Scott, West Deer Township (Plate LXVI.). " the late Wm. B. Brickell, Bakerstown (Plate LXVI.) " Amos Mashy, Marshall Township (Plate LXVI.). " and Portraits.of Wm. and Matilda McKinney, Pine Township (Plate LXVII.) " Valley Home," Residence of E. W. Kidd, Pine Township (Plate LXVIII.) Residence of Abraham Greenwood, Hulton (Plate LXIX.) " Daniel Jenkins, Plum Township (Plate LXX.) and Jane Dawson, West Deer Township (Plate LXXI.) " of David Hemphill, West Deer Township (Plate LXXII.) "and Portraits of John and Mary Power, Elizabeth Township. (Plate LXXIII.)....... " of Adam and Elizabeth Schutz, Jefferson Township (Plate LXXIV.) " John Beam, Jefferson Township (Plate LXXIV.). " E. J. Stotler, Penn Township (Plate LXXIV.) " and Portraits of Robert and Mary Sample, Hampton Township (Plate LXXV.) " of R. T. Graham, Etna (Plate LXXVI.) "James Saint, Sharpsburg (Plate LXXVI.) Portrait of W. E. Schmertz (Plate LXXVII.) facing page 151 151 152 View of Braddock's Battle-Ground, as it appears July 9, 1876. (Frontispiece) Outline Map of Allegheny C:ounty. (Plate II.) Map showing the Various Purchases (Plate III.).. e Plan of the Battle of Monongahela (Plate III.)... e e e Map of Pittsburgh in 1795 (Plate IV., double page). Plan of Frontier Fortification (Plate IV.). O Plan of Fort, Pitt (Plate IV.).. O View of Braddock's Field and Monongahela Valley (Plate V.).. "River View," Residence of Randall Morton, Pittsburgh (Plate V.). Residence of John Moorhead, Oakland, Pittsburgh (Plate VI.). Central High School, Pittsburgh (Plate VII.). Oakland District, Public School, Pittsburgh (Plate VII.). e Lawrence Public Schools, Fifteenth Ward, Pittsburgh ( Plate VII.). Fourth Ward Public School, Allegheny City (Plate VIII.). Fifth " " " " " Pennsylvania, Female College.. a.. Keystone Bridge Company's Works, Pittsburgh (Plate IX.).;............................. Union Iron Mills, Carnegie Bros. Co, Pittsburgh (Plate IX.)- ~. Lucy Furnaces, " " " ".".4 American Iron Works, Pittsburgh. (Plate X) e o A. French Co.'s Elliptic Spring Works, Pittsburgh (Plate X.) Masonic Bank Building, Pittsburgh (Plate X). v e D Farmers' and Mechanics' Savings Bank, Sharpsburg (Plate X.). Municipal Hall (New City Hall), Pittsburgh (Plate XI.)..... First National Bank Building, Pittsburgh (Plate XII.) O. e. Third " " " Dollar Savings Bank " "". v Germania Savings Bank " "" Safe Deposit Company's Building, Pittsburgh (Plate XIII.) Exchange National Bank Building, Pittsburgh (Plate XIII.) Merchants' and Manufacturers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh (Plate XIII.). iFranklin Savings Bank Building, Allegheny City (Pla te XIII.) Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont (Plate XIV.) Commercial Building, Pittsburgh (Plate XIV.). Dispatch " " " Residence of Edward Taylor, Pittsburgh (Plate XV.) " Jacob Reese, Pittsburgh (Plate XV.)... "D. O'Neill, " Daily Dispatch," Pittsburgh (Plate XVI.) Vicinity of Pittsburgh, McKee's Rocks and Ancient Mound (Plate XVI.). Portrait, Monument, and Biography of Rev. Charles Avery (Plate XVII.) Residence of Robert C. Schmertz, Pittsburgh (Plate XVIII.) "Springwood," Residence of James Veech, near Emsworth Station (Plate XVIII.)...... D Residence of William Oliver, Mifflin Township (Plate XIX.) e e o H. E. Morton, " s (Plate XX.) " L. B. Patterson, C, s " P. W. Reid, " v (Plate XXI.) " Ulrich Daibler, " " D. K. Calhoon," " Abdiel McClure, " " (Plate XXII.).. I Captain Abraham Hays, Mifflin Township (Plate XXIII.) " Captain John Munhall, " "" ' John K. Rhodes, " " (Plate XXIV.) " A. S. Rhodes, " "v 6; A. H. Kenny, -' (Plate XXV.) e George Jones, Jefferson Township (Plate XXVI.) Court-House, Pittsburgh (Plate XXVII.). City Hall, Allegheny City (Plate XXVII.).... v. Residence and Portrait of D. Hostetter, Allegheny City (Plate XXVIII.) " of John Rynd, McCandless Township (Plate XXIX.). {'and Portrait of Dr. James M. Matlack, Turtle Creek ( Plate XXX.) of Geo. M. Bowman, North Versailles Township (Plate XXXI.). Captain John Rogers, Ross Township (Plate XXXII.). "W. W. Hunter, McKeesport (Plate XXXIII.) Planing-Mill, Neel Wampler, McKeesport (Plate XXXIII.) e Residence of Robert Swan, Ross Township (Plate XXXIV.) "Mrs. D. C. Miller, Richland Township (Plate XXXV.) " Reel's Hall," Residence of Casper Reel, Sen., Ross Township ( Plate XXXVI.)...... facing title-page it 153 it 154 it 1 54 "154 154 " 155 " l55 156 "156 " 157 " 157 157 "160 161 161 162 162 162 162 165 166 167 168 169 169 170 171 172 172 173 174 174 174 175 175 176 it pag it it (i CC; itg faitgpg It it;(' it it li.i,re 9 3 0 3 0 58, 5 9 58, 5 9 58, 59 6 2 62 6 3 6 6 6fi f66 6 7 6 7 91 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 121 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 125 125 123 126 127 128 (i 128 it 130 ic 131 it 132 (i 132 ct 132 it 133 (i 134 it 134 ti 15 it 138 it 139 (i 142 (i 142 it 143 cc 144 it 145 ti 146 it 147 it 148 CC 148 it 149 I 150 cc 151 * By an error this plate is numbered XI, instead'of IX. iii " (I - - ";,Ii -.72 TABLE OF CONTENTS. ILLUSTRATIONS.The losses of the Virginians in this battle were very heavy, amounting, to some seventy-five killed and one hundred and forty wounded, equal to one-fifth of the whole force engaged. The loss in officers was particularly severe. Among the killed were Colonel Charles Lewis, brother to the general; Colonel Field, Captains Bedford, Murray, Ward, Wilson, and McClenachan; Lieutenants Allen, Goldsby, and Dillon, and several subalterns. Colonel Fleming was shot through the arm and breast with three balls, and severely wounded. The loss of the Indians was never certainly known, but thirty-three bodies were found dead on the field. As the force opposed to them was composed almost wholly of riflemen, it is presumable that their loss was at least equal to that of the whites. In the mean time Governor Dunmore had descended the Ohio from Fort Pitt, to the mouth of the Hocking, where he had built a block-house which he called Fort Gower, and remained until after the battle at the point. From thence he marched on to the Scioto. General Lewis re mained on the field until the 12th, burying the dead and caring, for his wounded, when he moved forward with some additional reinforcements who had come up under Colonel Christian, with the sanguine belief that they should now finish up the war, when he was met by an order from the Governor to stop his march against the Shawanese towns, and stating that he had appointed a council, and would soon make peace. General Lewis did not obey the order, but kept on his march until his lordship in person met him on Congo Creek, when he consented, very reluctantly, to return with his army to the settlements. The Governor had intrenched his camp near the Scioto, and here a treaty of peace was concluded with the hostile Indians, in which Cornstalk made the principal speech on their behalf. And thus ended the short, but bloody war, which had commenced in petty robbery and murder and concluded with the fierce and destructive battle of Kanawha. The Indians agreed to cease hostilities and give up their prisoners, and this was all the whites gained by the strife. It was quite - generally believed at the time that Dunmore was in receipt of intelligence which indicated war between Great Britain and the colonies, and had prevented a continuance of the campaign with the view of gaining the confidence of the Indians, so that, in the event becoming a certainty, they might be retained in the interests of the English Government. The Mingoes, however, continued hostile, and Colonel Crawford was sent with a force against them. He destroyed some villages and took a few prisoners, who were sent to Virginia and imprisoned. When Dunmore left, on his return, he stationed one hundred men at the mouth of the Kanawha, a few at Pittsburgh, and a few at Wheeling, them called Fort Fincastle. These were soon after dismissed. Lord Dunmore agreed to return to Pittsburgh in the spring and make a definitive treaty with the Indians, but the breaking out of the Revolution prevented. The closing of Dunmore's war did not bring peace to the people of Pittsburgh The difficulties between Pennsylvania and Virginia continued with more or less acrimony so long as Connolly remained at the head of affairs, but on the 22d day of November he and two of his associates were arrested at Fredericktown, Maryland. His plans, and connection with General Gage and Lord Dunmore, were fully revealed, and he was confined by order of Congress. His arrest and confinement broke up the scheme which he had prepared, and rendered the controversy between the two States less bitter, and easier of adjustnment. All difficulties were finally settled, and the boundary definitely arranged, during the latter part of the year 1779 and the beginning of 1780. George Bryan, John Ewing, and David Rittenhouse, on the part of Pennsylvania, and Dr. James Madison, late Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Robert Andrews, on the part of Virginia, were appointed Commissioners to agree upon a boundary. They met at Baltimore on the 31 st of August, 1779, and entered into the following agreement: "We (Naming the Commissioners) do hereby mutually, in behalf of our respective States, ratify and confirm the following agreement, viz.: To extend Mason and Dixon's line due west five degrees of longitude, to be computed from the river Delaware, for the southern boundary of Pennsylvania; and that a meridian, drawn from the western extremity thereof, to the northern limits of said State, be the western boundary of said State for ever." This agreement was confirmed and ratified by the Legislature of Virginia, upon certain conditions, on the 23d of June, 1780, and by the General Assembly of Pennsylvania on the 23d of September, 1780. The southern line of the State was run and marked by the proper Commissioners in the summer and fall of 1784 and the western boundary, or meridian line, was established in August, 1785. Virinia, on the lst of March, 1784, ceded to the United States all her territory north of the Ohio River, and consequently had no further interest in that direction. HISTORY OF ALLE,GH-ENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 46 CHAPTER IX. OPENING OF THE REVOLUTION-CONDUCT OF THE PEOPLE-BOUNDARY QUESTION MANOR OF PITTSBURGH CONNOLLY, COLONEL R. BUTLER, M' KEE, GIRTY, ELLIOTT-BORDER WARS WITH INDIANS-COLONELS BROADHEAD AND GIBSON-ST. CLAIR-THE MORAVIANS, ETC.-GENERAL WILLIAM IRVINE-COLONEL CRAWFORD-PITTSBURGH. AT the time of the breaking, out of the struggle between Great Britain and her American colonies, the people of the region now conmprised within the boundaries of Allegheny County were engaged in a terrible struggle with the Indians, and in addition were very nearly involved with a neighboring province in the horrors of civil war. Under such circumstances it would not be surprising if the people should forget matters which were not connected with their immediate interests, yet they were not unmindful of the oppressive acts of the British Government, which had at last become unbearable to those living along the line of the Atlantic coast; and we find accounts of meetings being held at Pittsburgh and Hanna's Town, as early as May 16, 1775, at which resolutions emphatically indorsing the Whig movements were passed unanimously. The meeting at Hanna's Town was presided over by General Arthur St. Clair, then an agent for the Penns, and a colonial magistrate; afterwards a general in the American army. Pittsburgh was then claimed by the Virginians as belonging to Augusta County, Va., but at the meeting there were people present from both Virginia and Pennsylvania. As the proceedings of this meeting comprehended the first outspoken public expression of the people of this vicinity upon the great questions then agitating the American people, we make liberal extracts from the account given in Craig's " History of Pittsburgh," page 128: "AUGUSTA COUNTY (VIRGINIA) COMMITTEE. "At a meeting of the inhabitants of that part of Augusta County that lies on the west side of the Laurel Hill, at Pittsburgh, the 16th day of May, 1775, the following, gentlemen were chosen a committee for the said district, viz.: George Croghan, John Campbell, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, John Cannon, John McCullough, William Gee, George Valandigham, John Gibson, Dorsey Penticost, Edward Cook, William Crawford, Devereux Smith, John Anderson, David Rodgers, Jacob Vanmetre, Henry Enoch, James Ennis, George Wilson, William Vance, David Shepherd, William Elliot, Richmond Willis, Samuel Sample, John Ornsby, Richard McMaher, John Neville, and John Swearingen. "The foregoing gentlemen met in committee, and resolved that John Campbell, John Ormsby, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, Samuel Sample, John Anderson, and Devereux Smith, or any four of them, be a standing committee, and have full power to meet at such times as they shall judge necessary, and in case of any emergency, to call the committee of this district together, and shall be vested with the same power and authority as the other standing committee and committees of correspondence are in the other counties within this colony. A resolution of thanks to John Harvie and John Neville, delegates in the Colonial Convention, was passed unanimously. The next resolution covers the whole question completely: " Resolved, unanimously, that this committee have the highest sense of the spirited behavior of their brethren in New England, and do most cordially approve of their opposing the invaders of American rights and privileges to the utmost extreme, and that each member of this committee respectively, will animate and encourage their neighborhood to follow the brave example." Resolutions were passed recomending the embodying, arming, and drilling of the able-bodied men of the County, providing ammunition and supplies, and for conciliating the Indians, that the people might enter the contest with the mothercountry untrammeled. John Harvie and George Rootes, Esqs., having been chosen as delegates in the Colonial Congress, the following report of the select committee was presented to them by John Campbell, chairman: "Gentlemen, You being chosen to represent the people on the west side of the Laurel Hill in the Colonial Congress for the ensuing year, we, the Committee for the people aforesaid, desire you will lay the grievances, bereafter mentioned, before the Congress at their first meeting, as we conceive it highly necessary that they should be redressed, to put us on a footing with the rest of our brethren in the colony. " lst. That many of the inhabitants in this part of the County have expended large sums of money, and supplied the soldiers in the last Indian war with provisions and other necessaries, many of whom have expended all they had; and though at the same time we bear a grateful remembrance of the good intentionsof the late Colonial Congress, so feelingly and generously expressed in their resolves, yet the unhappy situation we are reduced to by the payment of thoseHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEN5NSYLVANIA. 47 to this I most cheerftilly coniseiited, alrid in the above regyiiLient we all received our commissions. "On the day following, I received an order to take any vessel in the harbor, and also such of the pilots on board of his majesty's sloop, the "Otter," as I judged proper, for the use of this expedition. This circumstance Was ino small satisfaction to i-iie, as I thereby convinced Captain Squire of my bein- no spy, as lie'had alleged; and oii going on board his ship, malde choice of two of his best pilots. "When we depairted from Norfolk on this expeditionl, I was obliged to leave behind me my servant and alll the property I bad been able to brirlg dowvn tbere. Myservant and horses, which were valuable, were to be sent to the planitatio)n of Mr. Atchison, at Lord Dunmore's request; and the rest of my property I left in! the house of a Mr. Pierce, in Portsmouth; but I have never since that time heard the lealst account of anything belonging to nie. "WNe emlbarked on board a flat-bottomed decked schooner, wbich I bad engaged for thlat purpose, with our hol-ses, and onily oiie servant, wlio belong'ed to tbe, coloinel. Our small party consisted of -Lieutenant-Colonel Connolly, Mr. Cameron, mysef, and the seirvant; and we initended to proceed in this vessel up the Chesapeake into Potomac River, and land, if possible, nieai- iny house, or Port Tobacco Creek,and afterwards to pass through the country on lhoirseback until we arrived at Detroit, in Canada. "It was proposed that I should pass through Pittsburgh with dispatchles to Mr. McKee, the Indian Superintendent, and to soine other friends of governnlent; then proceed down the river Ohio to the mouth of the Scioto, and fi-om thence up that river through the Shawanese, Delawares, and Wyandots, and down Sandusky River to Sandusky Old Fort; from tbence I was to cross Lake Erie, by the Rattlesnake Islands, to Detroit; wbile the otber two gentlemen were to cross the Allegheny River, at Kittanning,, and proceed by the nearest and 1110St dir'ect route to Detroit. Here a very considerable force was to be collected from all the nearest posts in Canada, and transported ealrly in the spring across the Lake Erie to Presq' Isle, where I was to be employed during the wiDter with a detachment of two hundred mein in covering and conduc ting the buildin- of bateaux and collecting provisions, in order to proceed by way of French Creek, Venango, and the Allegheny River to Pittsburgh, which we were to seize on and establish as headquarters, until the disaffected iinterest was entirely crushed and the whole strength of the country collected and formed into regular disciplined regiments. "After leaving a sufficient garrison at Pittsburgh, we were to advance across the Allegheny Mountains with our whole force upon the back of Virginia; and, after establisliing a stron- post at Fort Cumberland, it was proposed to fall down the river Potomac and seize on Alexandria, where the Earl of Dunmore was to meet us with the fleet and all the force of the lower part of the province. Alexandria was to be strongrly fortified as a place of arms, and the communication between the soutbern and northern parts of the continent thereby cut off. If a misfortune of such m-agnitude sbould have happened as to give up this enterprise, at any particular stage thereof, our retreat was then secuLred by these posts, which we occupied in our rear; and if it sbould have failed in the first part of the expedition, by our finding it impracticable to seize uponi Pittsburgh, we were to fall down the Ohio in our batecaux to the Mississippi, where we were to be joined by the garrisoni, artillery, and stor-es from Fort Gage, of Kiskuskias,* at the Illinois, and then to proceed down to the moutli of the river Miississippi, in West Florida, where we were to embark in transports and come round to Norfolk, in Virginia, there to join the Earl of Dunmore. II For the execution of this well-formed, judicious, and vast undertaking, Lieutenant-Colonel Connolly was fuLrnisbed with the proper and necessary powers, both from General Gage, the commander-in-ch-ief, ai-id from the Earl of Dunmore, and with ample instructions for bis future conduct, as wel as commissions for the formation of a complete regmient at Detroit or Pittsburgh, all of which, containing no less than ei-,hteen sheets of paper, we carried along- with us, in a secret manner, invented by and executed under the inspection of his Lordship. All these papers were concealed in the mail pillion sticks, on which the servant carried his port.. mlanteau, they being made hollow for that purpose, and covered with tin plates, and then canvas glued thereon as usual; this was so dexterously and completely executed that it could not be discovered oii the strictest examination. (J. F. D.) The Alex. McKee referred to was deemed of such doubtful loyalty to the colonial cause that the followaing parole was exacted of him: " WEST AUGUSTA. " I,Alexander McKee, Deputy Agent for the Indian Affairs for the District of Fort Pitt, do hereby promise and engage that I will not transact any business with the Indians on behalf of the crown or miinistry; that I will not, directly or indirectly, correspond with any of the crown or ministerial officers, nor leave Kaskaskia. supplies bein- delalyed, involves this new and flourishinm, coui-itry in extreme povertv. 2?d. That the maintaining a garrison at this place, when there is no other methbod used for supplyinC, thenm with provisions but by impressing from the inhabitants of the country, ought to be considered. 3 d. That this cOUntrY, joining the Indian territory and the province of Quebec (wbich by its late chang,e of constitution is rendered inimical to liberty), lies exposed to thle inroads of the savages and the militia of that province; and should the ministry or their emissaries be able to stir up either of them against the colonies, this County will be in need of support to enable theni to provide ag,ainst anid withstand any attempt that may be made on their civil and religious liberties. "1 4th. That for want of freebolders we cannlot get legal grand jurors; which are necessary for the well governmlent of the country. "1 5th. That the unsettled boundary7 between this colony and the province of Pennsylvania is the occasion of many disputes. "6th. That the collecting the duty on skins and furs, for which a commission hath lately been sent up here, will banish the Indian trade from this place and colony. "Which report beiDg agreed to, "Resolved, unaininously, That a fair copy be drawn off and delivered to our deleg,ates as their instructions. "Ordered that the foregoing, proceedings be certified by the clerk of this committee, and published in the Virginia Gazette. "By order of the cominittee. "JAMES BERWICK, Clerk." As the Mayor of Pittsburgh" is mentioned in this, a short account and description of it may be interesting,. A warrant was issued for the survey January 5, 1769. This survey was -undoubtedly made in order that the proprietary might hold so: much of the location around the forks of the Ohio in bis own name to be reserved from sale. The act investing the estates of the proprietaries in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was passed by the Assembly November 27, 1779. This act exempted the " Manors" and lands beld as private property. The survey was completed on the 27th of March and returned on the 19th of May, 1769. It einbraced within its limits -five thousand seven hundred and sixty-six acres (5766). The survey commenced at a Spanish oak on the south bank of the Monongahela; thence south eight bundred perches (800) to a hickory; thence west one hundred and fifty perches (150) to a white oak; thence liorth, thirty-five degrees west, one hundred and forty-four (144) perches to a wbite oak; thencee west five hundired and eighteen (51S) perches to a white oak; thence north seven hundred and fiftyeight (758) perches to a post; thence east sixty (60) perches to a post; thence north, fourteen degrees east, two hundred and eight (208) peirches to a wbite walnut, on the bank of' the Ohio; thence up the river two hundred and two perches to a wbite walnut; thence crossin- the river obliquLely and up the south side of the Allegheny seven hundred and sixty-two (762) pelrches to a Spanish oak, the corner of Croghan's claim; thernce southl, sixty deurees east, two hundred and forty-nine (2419) perches to a sugyar-tree; thence south, eighty-five degrees east, one hundred and niDety-two (192) perches to a sug-ar-tree; thence by vacant land south, eigliteen degrees east, two bundred and thirty-six (236) pei-ches to a white oak; thence soutb, forty degrees west, one hundred and fifty (150) perches to a white oak; thence west, by claimn of Samuel Sample, one huindred and ninety-two (192) perches to a hickory; thence south, sixty-five degrees west, seveiity-four (74) perches to a red oak, on the bank of the Monongahela; thence obliquely across the river, south, seventy-eight degrees west, three bulndred and eight (30S) perebes to the beginining, at the Spanish oak. A few days previous to Connolly's arrest at Firedericktown, Maryland, heretofore mentioiied, it appears that he hacl been commissioned by Lord Dunmore a lieutenant-colonel of the Queen's Royal Rangers, whic;h were, no doubt, to be recruited fi-om among the American population who were in favor of the royal cause. His conimission-was dated on the 5th of November, 1775, and he was arrested on the 22d of tlhe same month. The commission was written on board the Britishl ship "William." We insert an interesting docuiiient at this point to show the designs of Lord Dunmore and h-is. coadjutor, Connolly, aided and abetted by General Gage. It is from an account of'one J. F. D. Smith, who was connected with the scheme: "Af'ter these groundless and most ridiculous suspicions were bappily cleaired up, the whole intention and isubstance of a secret expedition to the back country, under the coimm-and of Lieutenant-Colonel Connolly, then appointled Commandant of the Queen's Royal Rangers, was disclosed to ime, anid I was earnestly solicited by the colonel to accompany himn, alono,: with atiother gentleiiian named Cameron;tliein existiii- towards the Iiidiaiis: " Palrties have even been assemlbled to m-assacre our known friencls (the Icdlaians) at, their hunting camps, as well as inesseilcrers on busineiss to mie; aDd I have esteemed it necessary to let those nmessengers sleep in imy own chamiber for security." Small parties of 31ingoes, ancl other outlaw IndiaDs, continued to harass and murder the wlhites, especially the Viilginians, agaiDst whom they bad more'cause of complaint than against any other. In January, 1778, provisions became very scarce, and flour rose to sixteen dollars a barrel.-T In the springu of 177S the C!omm-issioners for Indian Affairs ordered the buildint- of six large b.oats for the defense of the lnavigation between the military posts on the Ohio. Each boat was to carry a four-pounder guin, and to be constructed witlh a view both to attack and defense. Some timie duriDg the early part of this Year General Lachlan McIntosh, with portio'ns of the Eighth Pennsylvania and Thirteenth Virginia Regiments of the Continental Army, was or-dered here by Congress. It woulcl appear from the " Annals of the West," a very reliable'work generally, that General Hand was in commaild at Pittsburgh in the autumn of 1777, for vve -find him in receipt of intelligence fr-om the Christian Delaware Indians and from the Wheeling settlers, indicatiDg ail attack by the northwestern Indians on' the settlements along the Ohio. Fort Fincastle, at Wheeling, had been changed in 1776 to Fort Henry, in compliment to Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia. On the 26th of September, 1777, a party of four hundred Indians, led, as was supposed, by Simon Girty, the " remeyade," attackecl this place. Colonel Shepherd was in command of Fort Henry, and had a force, all told, of forty-two (42) fighting men. Girty took possession of the cabins that then constituted the village of Wheeling, and from the window of one of them demanded the surrender of the fort in the name of the King, and promisinog favorable terms to all who would conmply. Colonel Shepherd replied promptly that they would neitheir desert nor yield; and when Girty renewed his barangue, some impatient aild disousted bordorer fired at him, and the parley ended. Every possible stratagem anid manceuvre was tried by the savagyes duringf the siege, wbich imnmediately began, to reduce the place, but the heroism aild good conduct of the indomitable commander and bis brave garrison, both men and women, baffled all their efforts. It was duringf this siege that a young lady, the sister of the Zanes, perforrned the memorable feat of running to a cabiin outside the fort and bringing a supply of gunpowder backt in ber atpron, under the fire of the Indians. It was at this timle also that the TV andots tried the effect of " Quaker guns" on the garrison, which culminated in a terrific explosion blowing dozens of redskins in the air, to the excessive delight of the beleaouered garrisoin. The next night many of the assailants withdrew, disheartened. On the morningo of the 28th, two parties of men came from Short and Cross Creeks to the aid of the garrison: altogether the reinforcement amounted to fifty-six, men. They all got in, except Major Sam McColloch, who was separated from bis men and forced to fly for his life. The Indians followed bim so swiftly that they nearly surrounded him, and left no way of escape except by leaping his horse over the, bluff, which darinog feat he accomplished in safety, and escaped his pursuers. FindiDg all their efforts to take the fort useless, the enemy withdrew after kil ling all the stock, amounting to more than three h-undred catt-le, and burnino, all the buildings, fenees, etc. The loss of the garrison amounted to twentyfive men, all killed outside the walls. The loss of the Indians was estimated at one hundred. There are miany conflicting statements reuarding this siege, Simon Girty, and the powder story., which bave never been satisfactorily reconciled. The fort sustained another attack in 1782, and the incidents are promiscuously mixed with both transactions. General McIntosh succeeded Major Neville in the command of Fort Pitt upon bis arrival here. A powerfutl invasion of the hostile Indian country was arranged for the suminer of 1778. The plaa was for -fifteen hundred Virginians to assemble at the mouth of the, Great Kanawha, who were to be joined by an equal number from Fort Pitt. From th ence the uinited forces were to marceh upon the Indians northwest of the Ohio. The first part of the programme was never carried out, but General McIntosh prepared to move a strong force by way of Beaver, directly from Pittsburgh. In the mean time, and preparatory to this ex:pedition, Fort McIntosh was built where the town of Beaver now stands. It was a regular stockaded work, with four bastions, and defended by six guns. It was thought advisable, before proceeding, upon the expedition, to obtain the consent of the Delawares before undertakzing to pass the army through their territory. A council was convened at Pittsburgh on the 17th of September, 1778, and the consent of the Indians obtained throuC,h the efforts of Thomas and Andrew Lewis, Commissioners on the part of the United States. HISTORY -OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 48 the neig,hborhood of Fort Pitt without the coinsent of the conmmittee of West Augusta. "Given under my hand at Pittsburgh, this 9th day of April, 1776." Colonel Richard Butler, who was agent at Fort Pitt at the time, writes a long letter under date April 8, 1776, in which he speaks of matters brought to his attention by Kiasola (Guyasutha) showin- the uneasiness of the IndiaDs on account of the difficulties between the colonies and the mother-country. He also nmentions the matter of McKee's parole, whom he regards as being treated, perhaps, with too much severity. Anmong other thing,s he also mentions a siirvey havinag been made of the long island in the Ohio- River, for John Marvie (Harvie) and Charles Syms, Esqs., and Captain John Neville, wbich the colonel thinks is a breach of the Fort Stanwix -treaty The survey was made by Colonel Wm. Crawford of unfortunate memory. Colonel Butler seems to think that the island probably belonged by riglit to John Montour, the Indian interpreter. The Indians claimed they had never solcl the island, but had given Montour the use of it. A letter from Colonel John Butler is interestin-,, as showing the state of'his political feelings at that time: ";NIAGARA, February 29, 1776. "DEAR SIR,-T wrote you on the 20th ultimo, acquainting youL I was glad of the opportunity to informi you I was appointed to the care alnd charge of the Indian department in Colonel Johnson's absence. He has desired me to write you to meet me liere at this place; and it is Colonel Caldwell s orders, and mine, that you attend a mieeting we propose to liold at Niagara the beginning of nex:t May. Your knowledtme in the Indian affairs, your hitberto undoubted zeal for his Majesty's Service, aiid the duty you owe to Governmeiit, makes your presence absolutely -necessary at this place on or before the tirne above mentioned; and, as I now understand the Indian who was to carry the samne h-as not proceeded to you, bave bired an Onondaga Indian to carry tliis, on purpose; by whose return I will ex:pect your answer, ill which I expect youL will be- kind enough to inform me of anything worath notice that you may know respecting the proceedings of the rebels your way. We bave nothinog woith notice to mention to you, only the reduction of Montreal by the rebels, the particulars of which you must l'onog ere now have been informed of. Please make my compliments to Colonel Croghan. "I remain clear sir, your most huimble servant. "JOHN BUTLER. 'To Mr. ALEXANDER McKEE) Deputy Agent of Indiain Affairs, Fort Pitt. "P. S.-I have mnuch muore to say to you than the compass of this paper will admit of; buLt niust defer it, on account of the precariousness of the times, until I have the pleasure of seeing you; and will expect you will give an invitation to a few of the chiefs in your neighborhood to atteind the meeting at the time appointed. The bearer has orders to give notice to all the Indians he may see." This Colonel John Butler was no doubt the same that led the motley band of Tories, British regulars, Canadians, and Indians against the settlemenits on the Susquehanna in 1778, and forever linked his name with'infamy by the horrible massacres then perpetirated. Alex. McKee, Simon Girty, and Matthew Elliott soon after fled to the British lines, aind were conspicuous in after-years. McKee and Elliott both figured in -the British iinterest about Detroit and alono, the Maumee River, and McKee's property was mostly destroyed by General Anthony Wayne's army after the battle of the Fallen Timbers, in August, 1794. Elliott mnay possibly have been the same whlo settled at one time near the "Bullock Pens, now in the township of Wilkins. Girty's career is well krlown to evrery reader of history. He identified himself with the Indians,'and was concerned in'the perpetration of many atrocities, if not wholly the instioutor of them, throug,hout the West. It is said that he fell in the battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813, along with Tecumseh and bis slaughter'ed warriors. In April, 1776, Colonel George Morgan was appointed by Congress Indian Agent for the Middle Department of the United States, and his headquarters fixed at Pittsburgh. Major Neville was still in command during the winter of 1776-77, with a company of about one hundred men. In February, 1777, a party of fourteen boat-carpenters were put at work buildino- bateaux: on the Monongahela, about fourteen miles above Pittsburgh, to be used, in case of necessity, ag,ainst the Indians. Thirty of these bateaux: were constructed, each forty feet lon-,, nine feet wide, and thirty-two inches deep. Colonel Morgan, in a letter dated March 15, 1777, gives an idea of the feeling -- Killed at St. Clair's defeat, November 4, 1791. t Craig's History of Pittsburgh. 4: Craig's History of Pittsburgh.- - - ~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ at five hundred acres, aid captured and brought in othler property to the value o~ three tlhousaind dollars. Upon Colonel Brodhead's return to Pittsburgh he found the chiefs of the Delawares, Hurons, aind a tribe of the Shawanese, who had conme in aDXious to treat for peace; and on the I7t of September, three days afterAte return of the army a council was held and a treaty concluded satisfacto ry to all parties. Vuring the year 1779 began to~ be felt severely the difficulties which follow the depreciation of a currency. Money and commodities were constailtly diverging froni each -other, anid the downward tendenicy of the one and the upward tendency of the other went on wvith conastantly accelerating speed, until the currency became almost wholly worthless as a purchasing.medium, and only remained in' the peo-. ple's bainds as a curiosity. Legitimate merchants, tr aders, and speculators were all compelled to keep constantly changing their scales of prices, while soldiers and civilians clamored imore loudly fi-om day to day, as the difficulty increased. The people around Fort Pitt were of course not exempt fromn these experiences, and the difficuLlty grew to such magnitude that we find the officers of the garrisoin assembling on the 5th day of October, 1779, and passing a series of strongy resolutions, wherein they set forth their loyalty to the common cauLse' and their determinatioil to SUppOrt it to the last extremity, but at the sanme timne coiidemniing, in no ambiguous language, the depreciationi of the money with- wbich they were paid, and the unprincipled speculatiolis, whicli, if t-hey did iiot prodLuce the troubles, at least added day by day to the heavy bui-dens oppressing all classes of the people. They resolved that a select committee should be appointed to obtain informnation regarding the regulation of prices in the older settlements, with a view to establishing, fixed irates for'the sale of all comlmodities in the market. The committee-, Captains Tannahill and Findlay, resolved that it was a criminal offeise:for the traders to sell goods at the present prices, aind requested the Commandant of the Western Department to order the traders to immediately withdraw froom the post, as they were determined to ave their goods at what they deemied reasonable, prices, or to live oni th-e cheap l'utions the country could afford, and the products of the forest. Colonel Brodhead appears to have been a man of ambition, and e:xtremely desirous of serving his counltry He had in contemplation a plan for an expedition down the Mississippi for the capture of the British posts. b-Lt it did not receive the sanction of Washington, and was given up. The result sbowed the wisdom of Washington, for, before an expedition could I-ave reached Natchez, a Spanish force, under Don Galvez, h-ad come up the Mississippi and captured all the British posts, with their garrisons and property. "During the year 1781. a series of predatory excursions was made over the Ohio aloDg the wbole.line o f stations from Laurel Hill to Green River. One of these scoutin-g parties appeared in the ineigfhborhood of Shelbyville, Kentucky. The inhabitaints, uilable to, defend it, endeavored to flee to Beargrass, but were attacked by tlle Indians near Floyd's Creek, and defeated. Colonel Floyd immediately started with a company to their relief, but on his arrival near the spot fell into an ambuscade, and was defeated with coinsiderable loss."* To prevent a repetition of these incursionls aind cruelties, Colonel DBrodbead projected an expedition aga-inst the Indian towns on the Muskingum. It consisted of five hundred men, accordincg to one author; of eig,ht hundred, according to another,J inany of them experieinced borderers, from the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Wheeling was the rendezvous. Crossing the Ohio at Wheeling, the army marched rapidly upon the Indian settlements, with the view of surprising them. When they arrived at the river, a little below Salem, Brodhead sent a messenger to Heckewelder, then a missionary at that place, asking provisioyis for his,men, and desiril,f him to visit his camp, which requests were coniplied with, and the missionary repair ed to the camp. Brodhead informed him that lie was on an expedition against the Indian towns, and desired to know if aDy Of the Moravian Indians were absent in that direction. He was told they were not, and he declared th-at nothiDg would give him greater pain than to hear that any of theml were molested by his troops, for these Indians bad conducted themlselves in a maniler during the war calculated to do them honor. During this conlfereDCe the colonel was notified that a porionoh arywaprain to destroy the Moravian towns. Colonels Brodhead and Shepherd immediately took mleasures which prevented this. Proceeding on their way, they took an In-- dian prisoDer, and wounded two otlhers, one of whoni escaped and alarmled the villag,es. A forced march was now made, and one of the villages on the east side of the river was taken, and its inhabitants captured. The river was very high, and thus the village on the opposite shore escaped destruction. Disappointed in their e:xpectatioins the, militia bound their prisoners to stakzes, dispatched, and sealped them. The DeXt mornin;3 ain Indian appeared on the opposite side of the river, and asked for the "Big Captain." Brodhead presented himnself, and in49, HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEiNNSYLVAiNIA.;1In ctober an arniy of one thousand men was assembled at Fort McIntosh, and,isoon after began the march into the Indian country. They proceeded about seventy miles, to the Tuscarawas River, where they halted and built a small fort, which was n'amed Fort Laurens. The season being- now too far advainced for a furtber prosecution of the campaign, a force of onie hiindred and fifty men wsas left at the fort uinder commuandl o,f Colonel John Gibson, and the remainder of the army retuirnecl to Fort Pitt. There having been some dissatisfaction expressed by Congress at General McIntosh's dilatoriness, he resi,ned his commaind in February, 1779.In January a large force of warriors, consistiing of Wyandots and Shawanese, assenibled and invested Fort Laurens, and hemmed it around so closely that the garrison weire greatly distressed for th-e necessary supplies of wood and water. A inumber of the garrison were killed, and during the ensuin- summer the ill-advised forti-fication was abandoned.. Provisions becamae extremely SCarce at Pittsburgh during the winter of 177879. Bacon sold as high as a dollar per pound. In March, 1779, Colonel Daniel Brodhead succeeded General McIntosh in command of Fort Pitt. In April General Washington addreFssed the followin"' letter to the colonel: " HEALDQUARTERS, MIDDLE BROOK, 21st April, 1779. "DEAR SIR,-Since my last letter, and upon a further consideration of the suibject, I have relinquished the idea of attemptinu a co-operation lcetween the troop at Fort Pitt and the bodies mlovin- from other quarters against the Six Nation s. "The difficulty of providin-, supplies in time, a waint of satisfactory information of the route and nature of the country up the Allegheny, and between that and the Indian settlements, and consequently the uncertainty of being-- able to co-operate to advantau,e, and the hazard wbich the smaller party mioght'run for.a want of co-operation, are priDcipal motives for declininog it. The danger to which the frontier would be ex:posed by dErawing off the troops froin their present position, from the incursions of the more Western tribes, is an additional, thoughi a less powerful reason. The post at Tuscarawas is therefore to be preserved if, under a full consideration of circumstances, it is judged a post of iinportance, and can be imaintained without runnin(r too great a risk, and the troops in general under your command disposed in the manner best calculated to cover and protect the country on a defensive plan. "1 As it is my wish, however, as soon as it may be in our power, to chastise tbe; Western savages by an expedition into their country, you will emnploy yourself in the mean time in making preparations, and forming magazines of provisions for the purpose. If the expedition against the Six Nations is successfully ended, a part of the troops employed in this will probably be sent, in coDjunction witli those under you, to carry on another that way. Yo-L will endeavor to obtain in the mean time, and tranisiiit me, every kind of intelligence, wllich will be necessary to direct our operations, as precise, full, and autlhentic-as posssible. Amonog other points, you will try to ascertain the imost favorable season for an enterprise against Detroit. The frozen season, in the opinion of most, is the only one in wbich any capital stroke cani be given, as the enemy can derive no benefit from' the-ir shipping, which must either -be destroyed or fall into our bands. -~~~~~~~~~~~ "am etc., " GEORGE WASHINGTON. " Colonel DANIEL BRODHEAD.' It appears that the expeclition against Detroit was abandoned, but Colonel Brodhead led another against the Indians along the Allegheny, nearly simultaneously with General Sullivan's advance into the country of the Six Nations. The colonel's force consisted of a little over six hundred mien, ancl a tirain of pack-horses loaded with provisions, and accompaniecl with a guard of one hundred men. Leaving Pittsburgh on the llth of August, they proceeded up the Allegheny to t-he mouth of the Mahoning, where they were detained for four days by extcessive rains. Continuing the march, they proceeded towards Conewago, and. whein within about ten miles of that place encountered a force of thirty or -forty warriors, cominlg down the rivrer in seven canoes. This force was speedily put to fli-ght, with a loss of five killed and a number wounded, besides a quantity of arms, etc. The loss of the troops was two wbite men and one Delaware Indian woundled. The next day the arn-iy proceeded to a pla'ce called Buckloons, or Buckaloons, wh-ere a simall breastworkz was throwin up, and a captain aind forty mein were left with the baggage aiid surpluis stores, while the army pushed on to Conewago, which was foulid deserted. From this pOilti the troops proceeded to the localities of variouls Indian towns and villages, Seneca Town, called by the Indians Yoghroonwago, Maghinquechahocking, etc., all of which they burned, and destroyed great quantities of cornl in the field, estimnated t Ibid. Western Annals.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEN---NSYLVAN5IA. 50 The officer who coniniaiided the tl'OOpS seilt tO jOill General Clark was Captain Isaac Craig. He proceeded to the falls of the Ohio, but the Kentuckians, oii whom Clark -reatly relied. disappointed himi, and Captain Craig, with his comniand, returned to Fort Pitt. " TO COLONEL JOSEPH BEELER (Circular), Fort Pitt, March 4, 1781.'I have just received letters by Captain Montour, stating that the Delawares of Coochocking, with very few exceptions, have declared in favor of the British, anld that some of them have already conme a-ainst our settlements." ID August, 1781, Colonel Brodhead becamne involved in a bitlter controversy with some of bis officers, with Colonel Gibson at their head, wbich continued uintil Colonel Brodhead was relieved by General William Irvine, some tirne in the fall of 1781. The following order was issuled from his headquarters soonl after b his arrival: I "FORT PITT, November 6,1781 l "Parole- General. Countersign-Joy. "General Irvine bas the pleasure to congratulate the troops upon the great and (l-orious news. Lord Cornwallis, with the troops uiider his coiumand, surreildered -prisoriers of war-, oii the 19th of October last, to the allied armies of America and France, under the immnediate- cornman d of his Excellency, General Washington. l "The prisoners amouiit to upwards of five thousand reuular tI'OOpS, near two Itllousaild Tories, anid as maniy ne^,roes, besides a' number of mnerchants aind other ifollowers. Thirteen pieces of artillery will be fired this day at 10 o'clock, in the fort, at which tiitne the troops will be under arms, with their colors displayed. The commissaries wTill issue a gill of whisky extraordinary to the non---commissioned officers and privates upoln this joyful occasioii. II' Accurate regimental returns will be made to-morrow morning, at ninie o'clock,, of the officers,'drumus anid fifes and priv'ates, accounting for every rnan, where be is, how employed, and howv long so employed." Ext-ract of a letter from General William Irvine to General Washington, dated Fort Pitt, December, 1781: "SIR,-At the time Congress directed mie to repair to this place, I took for granted your Excellency would bave information thereof, through differenlt channels, and kniowing how particularly you were at that moment engaged, I did not think proper to give unniecessary trouble. This, I flatter mysself, will excuse me with your EGxcellency for not writing sooner. " Previous to my arrival Colonel Gibson liad received your letter directiDg him to take the command, which was acquiesced in by Colonel Brodhead, and things went on in the usual channel, except the dispute occasioned Colonel Gibson's intended expeditioin against Sandusky being laid aside; and perhaps it also prevented n-iany other necessary arran-ements. "Tlle examination of witDesses against Colonel Brodhead is still going on, and, I am told, will cointinue somne weeks. Ag,reeable to my orders from Congress, to i-etain no more officers bere than sufficient for the men, I have made the following arrangements: Re-formled the reimains of t-he late 8th Pennsylvania Regiment into two companies, and call themi a detachment from the Pennsylvania line, to I he commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Bayard. "Baron Steuben had,some time ago directed Colonel Gibson to re-form bis regiment also into two companies, retaining with himn the staff of tlac regiment, and to send all supernumerary officers to Virginia. The reformatioin was so made, but the officers were so distressed for want of clothint, an-d other necessaries that they were not able to proceed. However, they are now making exertions, and, I hope, will sooit set out. "I bave ordered the supernumerary officeirs of the Pennsylvania line to repair f'orthwith to their proper re-iments in the line. The wbole of the troops (inf'antry) heire are thrown iinto two companies. I have been trying to econornlizc, but everything is in so wretched a state that there is very little in mny power. I never saw troops cut so deplorable a fi,lure. Indeed, wlhen I arrived, -no man would believe, froml t'heir appeai-anee, that they were soldiers,-nay, it would be difficult to determine whether thley were white men,-anld tbough they do not yet come up to mny wishes, they are some better. I " As it does not rest with me to decide on the impropriety of any person's con]duct, shall only make a few general observations. The colisuniption of public stores, in my opinioin, h;as been enormous, particLilarly military stores, aild I fear the reasons giveni for it will not be juLstifiable, viz.: that the militia would all fly if they bad not powder anld lead given them, not only when in service, but to keep at their bouses. It is true the County lieutenants aind others, wbo are called respoiisible mein, have pron-iised to be accountable. But, I amz certain, not an ounce calli ever be a-,ain collected. I find that near two thousand pounds of lead and fouIr tbo-LisaDld pounds of' powcler have been issuied to the militia since the disquired what was waiited. The Indian said, "1 I want pea-ce." Brodhead replied, 1' Send over some of your chiefs." *' May be you kill," said the Indian. He was answered, They shall not be killed." A fine-looking chief then came over, and en'a^ed in conversation with the colonel, and while doing so, the account says, a nian named Wetzel stepped behind him, and, drawinog a tomahawk from his huntin--frock, struck bim a blow which killed him on t-he spot. Soon after, -the army began its hon-leward march. The prisoners were all murdered and scalped bv the militia, except a fewv women and children, who were afterwards -excliangfed at Pittsburgh. It is clainied that Colonel Brodbead was not to blame for these atrocities, and -that he discountenariced and tried to prevent them.by every mieans in his power; but it is siDgular that such tbiDgs occurred in spite of' the commander's authority. A few extracts frorni Colonel Brodhead's correspondence wbile in command at Fort Pitt, are inserted: TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, OCtOber 17, 1780. "I bave sent out parties to take cattle and grain from the inbabitants, and iexpect to get a considerable supp)ly of flour, as the miills be^,in to -rind. 13ut the inbabitants di.sappoint us of beef, by drivinog their cattle into the mountains. We have Deither bread nor meat at present, but ex:pect a small supply immlediately.'' TO THE GOVERNOIR OF PENNSYLVANIA, Noveniber 2, 1780;. "Forty Delaware Indians came in to join us in an expedition against the bostile IndiaDs. But as a party of about forty mien from Hanna's Town attenipted to destroy tliem, and were on] y prevented by a guard of regular soldiers, it may not b!e easy to call them out again. "I liear, this moiment, that Thomas Smallman bas m-ade a secret and clandestine purchase of an island in the Ohio, two niiles below this post, commonly ~called McKee's IslaDd. The deed, I am told, is signed by two Delaw(tre chiefs." TO REV. D. ZEISBERGER, December 2, 1780. -'Proposes that be should seDd fifteen or twenty of his best hunters to the'Little Kanawha, to kill buffalo, elks, and bears, to be salted down in canoes made for tllat purpose." TO HON. RICHARD PETERS, Fort Pitt, December 7, 1780. "I learn more and more of the disaffectionl of many of the inhabitants on this side of the mountaiDs. The King of Great Britain's health is often drunk in companies, and I believe those wish to see the regular troops removed as a favorable opportunity to submlit to the British Governnment." To JOSEPH REED, President of the Executive Council of Pennsylvania, Fort Pitt, January 22, 1781. "I have the pleasure to inclose a list of bonds, niotes, etc., late the property of a Tory, Ross, who was formlerly an agent at this place for the King of Great Britain's contractors, ancl deserted from his parole. I ami informed that his estate is worth near ten thousand pounds in specie, and that it will inure to the benefit of our State. "The Indian captains, appointed by the British commandant at Detroit, are clothed in the most elegrant mlanner, and bave man'y valuable pr-esents made them. The captains I bave appointed by authority of Congress are naked, and receive notbing but a little wvhisky, for which they are reviled by the Indians in general, so t-hat unless some kind of systein is introduced, I must expect to see all the Indians ill favor of Britain, in despite of every address in my power." fTo HIS EXCELLENCY, GENERAL WASHINGTON, Fort Pitt, February 23, 1781. " DEAR GENERAL, Since my last, the half-Indian, Bawbee, by the concurrence of a sergeant belongiDlg to the late Captain Heth's company, made his escape, and pelrsuaded a fifer of the Ninth Virinia Regiment to desert to the enemy. The Delaware chiefs at Coochiocking seized the deserter and sent him back, ayid be is confined inl irons, but cannot be tried uintil your' Excellency is pleased to order a general court-martial." TO JOSEPH REED, ESQ., Fort Pitt, February 23, 1781. "I bave just received instructions from the commander-in-ehief to cletach my field-pieces, howitzers, and train, also a part of my small force, uiider Colonel Clark, who, I am told,7 is to drive all befoire biim, by bis supposed unbouiided influerice in the Western country. "The Maryland Corps being ordeired to Richmond, in Virginia, my force will riot exceed two hundred nien, many of which, were soldiers plenty, I would not wislh to have."I i I I I I i iI HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTYt, PENNSYLVANIA. 51, pute be-an between Colonels Brodhead and Gibson, chiefly by order of the former; besides arms, accoutrements, etc., and not a rman called into actual service. The magazine is nearly exhausted, there not beinog as rnuch remaininog as was issued since the first of last September. "Ipresume vour Ex:cellency has been informed by the Governor of Virginia, or by General Clark, of the failure of his expedition. But lest this should not be the case, I will relate all the particulars that have come to my knowledoe. "Captain Craig, with the detachment of artillery, returned here on the 20th inst. He got up with great difficulty, and much fatigue to the men, being forty days on the way, occasioned,;by the lowiiess of the water. He was obliged to throw away his gun-carria-es, but brougbt his pieces and best stoi-es safe. Ile left General Clark at the Rapids, and says the General was not able to prosecute his intended pla'n of operations for want of men, being able to collect in the whole,only about seven hundred aind fifty. The buffalo meat was all rotten; and, he adds, the General is apprehensive of a visit from Detroit, and is not without fears the settlemnents will be oblioed to break up, unless reinlforcements soon arrive from Virginia. The Indians have been so numerous in that country that the inhabitants have been obliged to keep close, and the General coulld not veniture out to fight thera. "1 A Colonel Lochry,* of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, with about one bundred men in all, composed of volunteers, and a company raised by Pennsylvania for the defense of that county, started to join General Clark, wbo, it is said, ordered him to unite witli bim (Clark) at the mouth of the Miami, up wbich river it was previously designedl to proceed; but the General havTin- changed his plan, left a small party at the Miaini, with directions to Lochry to follow bim to the falls. Sundry accounts agi-ee that this party and all of Lochry's troops to a man were. waylaid by the Indians and British -(for it is said they bad artillery), andallkiledortakn?not a man escaping either to join General Clark or to return home. Wben Captain Craig left the General, he would not be p'ersuaded but that Lochry with bis pairty had returned home. These mnisfortunes tlirow the people of this country into the greatest consterDatilon and alliiost despair, particularly WestmorelaDd County, Lochry's party being all the best mnen of their -frontier. At present they talk of -flying early in the spring to the eastern side of the mountaiDs, and are daily flockiDg to me to know what support they may expect. "4 I think there is too much reason to fear that General Clark's and Colonel Gibson's expeditions failing will greatly encourage the savages to fall on the country witb double fury, and, perhaps, the British from Detroit to visit this post, which, iDstead of beiDg in atolerable state of defense, is in fact but a heap of ruins. "1 I need not informn your Excellency that it is at best but a bad situation for defense. I hiave been viewing, the counDtry in this vicinity, and find no place equal for a post to the niouth of Chartier's Creek, about four miles down the river. Captain Hutchins pointed that place out to me before I left Philadelphia, and says there is no place equal to it anywhere within forty miles of Fort Pitt. I think. it best calculated on many accounts. First, the ground is such that works may be constructed to contain any number of men from fifty to one thousand. It is by nature almost inaccessible on three sides, and on the fourth no commandin- -round within tbree tlhousand yards. Secondlys as it would effectual]y cover the settlement on Chartier's Creek, the necessity of keeping a, post at Fort McIntosh wvould of course cease. In case of mnaking that the main post, Fort Pitt sbould be demolished, except the north bastion, on which a stron-, block-house should be erected. A small party in it would as effectually keep up a commiunication with the settlements on the Mononahela as the whole garrison now does; for the necessary detachments to McIntosh, Wheeling, etc., so divide the troops that no one place can be held without a large body of troops indeed. I do' not like Fort McIntosh being kept a post in the present state of thingKs. If the enemy from Detroit should unidertake to make us a visit, it would be an excellent place for them to take by surprise, froin whence they could send out Indians and otber partisans and lay the whole country waste before we could dislodge theni." Subsequently to the writing of the above letter, it would seenm that General Irvine must have been absent from Fort Pitt; for, oi-i the Sth of March,:1782, an order and instructions were issued by General Washington, directinog him to proceed witbout delay to Fort Pitt. He appears to have coniplied pronlptly, and on the 30th of March wrote the following letter to General Washington: " FORT PITT, March 30, 1782. "SIR, I arrivTed here on the 25th of March; at that time thin-,s weire in greater confusion than cap well be conceeived. The country people were to all appearances in a fit of frenzy. About three hundred had just arrived from the Moravian towns, where they found about ninety m-en, womien, and children, all of whom they put to death, "tis said, after cool deliberation aind considering the matter for three days. The whole weire collected into their church, and died whilesinging; hymns. On their return, a party camte and attackved a few Delaware Indians who have yet remained with us on a small island cloFse by this garrison, killed two who had captain's commissions in our service, and several others; the remainder effected their escape into the fort, except two who ran into the woods and have not since been heard of. There was an officer's guard on the island at the same time; but he either did not do bis duty, or his mnen connived at the thino-which, I am not able to ascertain. This last outrage was committed the day before I arrived. Nothing, of this nature has been attempted since. A number of' wrong-headed men had conceived an opinion that Coloniel Gibson was a fi-iend to the Indians, and that he miust be killed also. These transactions, adde'd to the theni mutinous disposition of the regular troops, had inearly broug,ht on the loss of the whole country. " I am confident if this post was evacuated the bounds of Canada would be extenided to the Laurel Hill in a few weeks. I have the pleasure, however, to inform yoiLr Excellenicy that tbings now wear a more favorable aspect. The troops are at,ain reduced to obedience; and I have had a meeting, or convention, of the County lieutenants aDd several field officers, with whom I bave made arranuements for defending their fronitier, and who promise to exert tbemselves in di-awin- out the militia, agreeable to the law, on my requisitions."t The year 1782 witnessed the inost fiendish massacre ever peirpeti-ated by white itien upon the American continent,-the'diabolical outrage upon the Moravian Indians in their settlements at Salem and Gnadenhutten, in what is now Tuscarawas County, Ohio, a few miles south of the site of New Philadelphia, oni somle of the upper waters of the Muskingum. A short account of this massacre, although not perhaps directly coninected with the History of Allegheny County, may not be inappropriate in this connection. The Moravans,or United Brethren, ori,inlated as'a distinctive society in a i-evival of r elig,ion in Fulnec, in Moravia, about 1720, and were collected into a COIimUnit-y at Bertholdsdorf, inl Upper Lusatia, by Count Zinzendorf, in 1722. In 1731-32 they sent missionaries to live aMuoD, and iDstruct the slaves in the West Indies. A colonl of teni werec brou(,zht to Georgia by Count Zinzendorf, in 1735. Five years later they were ex:pelled because they would not bear arnis in the war rag,in- betweeni England and Spain, and settled in Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Lehigh River, a few muiles above its junction with the Delaware. Three years later Whitefield offered them a tract ten mliles north of Bethlehem, which he had purchased for a school for colored children. This they accepted, finished the buildint,s beg,un by Whitefield, and settled a colony. Frederick Post,'heretofore mentioned, came from Germany in 1742. He iiarriecl an Inldian womaln who had beeii baptized, and labored for many years amlon;, the natives. He crossed the mountains in 1761, aiid visited the State of Ohio, whei-e he built a house, the first ever erected within the lim-its of the State by white men. The noted Heckewelder joined him in 1762. Their nliission was albarldoned in 1763, in consequence of Pontiac's war. A comapany of them settled oti. the Beaver River in 1770, twenlty miles above its in.outh. This settlement was called by them Friedenstadt, " the town of peace." The settlements on the Muskingum were commenced May 3, 1772, by Brother Zeisberger. The settlers wer-e from the colony on the Beaver. Eventually three settlemlents were made, viz., Schonbrun, meaDin- a "beautiful clear spring," Gnadenhutten, and Salem. Here they were allowed to i-emain peaceably pursuin- their avocations unitil 1777. They had reimained neutral throut,h all the wars and forays until the Revolution broke out, when they became objects of distrust to both parties. The British headquarters foi- the West were at Detroit, and the American at Fort Pitt. In the year last mentioned a party of Americans crossed the Ohio with the desi-,n of destroying their towns, but they were m-et and defeated by the Wyandots. The British commander at Detroit sent an order that unless they took up arms against the colonies all their missions would be broken up. They were urged by the Wyandots to r-emove to a place of greater safety. The renegades, McKee, Girty, and Elliott, were especially hostile to theml, and were continually tryiing to stir up the hostile Indians to murder their leaders and breakz up the missions. The latter led a party of Wyandots against them with the avowed design. of ext;erminatin- ther, but his followers would inot do his bidding, aiid he took the Moravians pr-isoners anid earlried them to Sandusky. At Sandusky the inifamous Simon Girty stirred up hatred against them, and their missionai-ies were seiit to Detroit in charge of a French officelr named Lavallie, who treated them with great kindness. At Lower Sandusky they were turned over to Girty, who treated them on the trip to Deti oit with all the cruelty Laughery. t CraigHISTORY OF A-LLEGHENY COU4NTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 52 Froml there they were taken to the new Wyandot on where Colonel Crawford was torturecl to death under the inost aucyravating circuLmstances. Dr. Knight witnessed the torturiing of Crawford, and was assured by Simon Girty that he should under^o thle saime. He was sent under the escort of one Indian towards the Shawaotese towns, but escaped aild reachecl the settlen-ients, after many perilousadventures. Colonel Crawford was forimerly a resident of Berkeley County, Virginia, and a fanmiliar frieind of Washington. In 176 1-he left Virginia and located on the Youghiogheny, at the spot where Braddock's army-trail crosses that streamz. During, the French war' he bad distinguished himself and won the piraise of Washington. Wheni the Revolutionary war brokie out he piroved not unwo)rtby h-is fornmer repuLtation. He 1raised a regiment, and held a colonel's coiinaission ins the regular arniy at the tiime of his death. The colonel's son, John, escaped. There was anotber officer attached to this expedition wbose Ihistoiry was a mnost remarkable one. He was familiarly known as Captain or Major Rose, and fig(ures among; the principal characters of Mr. McKnight's "Simon Girty, the Renegade. " According to inforniation furnislhed us by Hon. James Veech, he was probably a native of one of the Polish provinces of Russia, aind his real name was Gustavus H. de Rosenthal. Ile bad been engaoged in ail amour in Russia, and bad a difficulty with a nobleman, in consequence of which he fled his native country and went to France, andz froni tlience canie to America, about the conimencenient of the Revolution. Ha, applied for a comimission in the Continental army, but oii account of the great iiumber of foreign officers already on the rolls, or for some other good reason, his, petition was dernied. He is said to have studied mediciine in Philadelphia, under one Dr. Eisenthal, and also to liave served for a time at sea, perhaps as surgeon. He finally became acquainlted with General Irvine, and entered his service, and when tlhe general was placed in command of Fort, Pitt, Rose accompanied him West, and served as a staff-officer. When Colonel Crawford was raisin- his Sandusky expedition, he applied to General Irvine for a competent officer to act as a, disciplinariaD, and General Irvine sent him Rose. Upon the close of the Revolution he returned to civil life, aind served, by the. recomnmeridation of General Irvine, as Secretary to the Pennsylvania Council of Censors, for a term or more. He speculated a little in real estate, and purebased some lands in what is now the oil region of the State. Disposing of most of his property, he, some time after, returned to Russia, carrying his means in the sbape of Continental bills, which even'tually depreciated so as to be coniparatively wortbless. He was taken into favor by the Emperor, who gave him an important office, and he afterwards died in the service of the governiment. During the year 1782 the frontiers of Pennsylvania suffered severely by theinroads of the savages. In the summer aii expedition of three hundred British' troops and five hundred Indians was sent from Canada to capture Fort Pitt. This force proceeded as far as Chautauqua Lake, and were about embarkingf to descend the Allegheny, wlien they received news of the reinforcemnent of the post, and returned to Canada.. Detached parties of Indians kept up a predatory warfare, and one of them, under the immediate conimand of Guyasutha, the Seneca chief, attacked and;burned Hanna's Town, the county seat of Westmoreland County. The first Pro, *thonotary and Clerkz of the Courts, in this County, was Arthur St. Clair. On the 1lth of Septemnber a force estimatecl at three hundred British and Indians, under the command of oile of the Girty brothers, made an attack upon Fort Henry, wbich coiitained a garrison of only twenty-sleveni men, of whom but eig:hteen were fit for service. The fort had one of the old guns taken from the river, wbere it is supposed the French had sunk- it in 1755, and with this the garrison made a brave defense. On the second day a reinforcement of seventy: men was reported by the Indians making for the fort, when the enemy hastily departed. The definitive treaty of peace between Great Britain and the Uinited States was signed at Paris on the 3d of September, 1783. This event practically settled the Indian difficulties; at least, it: gave the Americans ample opportunity to put forth all their stirengthl, if need be, to quell the- savages. Soon after the close of the Revolution, attention began to be turned towards Pittsburgh, as a point likely to be of some importance. In the fall of 17S3, the proprietaries, John Penn and John Penn, Jr., concluded to sell the lands within the Manor of Pittsburgh. The first sale was made in January, 1784,,to Isaac Craig, and Stephen Bayard, of all the ground between Fort Pitt and the Allegheny River, "1 supposed to contain about three acres." SuLbsequent to tli e date of that a,l eeiiierlt, tlle pr oprietaries coneltidecl to lay out- a towTll at the -junction of the rivers, so as to embrace wiLhirl its Iiiiiits the three acres ag,reedl to be sold,as well as all the ground covered by.the fort-.. The town was surveyed and platted he dared. They were treated kindly by the British commander at Detroit, where they remainecl for solme time. WVhen convinced that they could niot return witlh safety to their settlemnents oii the Muskingum, they forimed a new one on the west-side of the Huron River, abou-t thirty miles above Detroit. Here they gathered their converts about themn and built a village, which they named New Gnadenhutten. In February 1782, about oine hundred and fifty of tlhe Moravian Indians, who had been carried to Sandusky, retuLrned to the Muskingum to gather their corn. Intelligence of their return soou reached the whites, and a party of eighty or ninetv men collected at the Mingo Bottom, under the leadership of Colonel David Williamson, and marched ii-nmediately to the Muskingum, for the purpose of destroyin-l the Christian Indians and their settlements togetlier. Colonel Gibson, at Fort Pitt, bearing of their design, sent mnessengers to warn them, but they arrived too late. A white man, who hacl escaped from the savages, advised therni of- their danger, but they disregarded the warning. Williamson arrivecl at Gnadenhutten on the 6th of March. Near that place theymun-Lrdered an unoffendil"Inr young Iindian namied Shebosch, though he begged bard for his life. They their surrounded the Indians, who were at work in the corn-fields, and persuaded theiii by proiiiises of g,ood treatment to go to their houses. When they had all assembled they were told they would be taken to Pittsburgh, where tlhey would be safe from the English and hostile Indians. The people at Salem were deceived in the same way and collected together. When they had succeeded in gettingi all the Indians together they fell suddenly upon them and bound th-enli, and then took away all their guns, knives, etc. A council was then held, and the majority voted death to the Indians, but, to their credit be it said, a small minority protested against such inhuman treatment. It was of no avail and the Indians were told their doom. The prisoners begged, as a last request, t-hat they niight spend the ni-ht together, which was granted, and the innocent victims prayed and sang the whole nigbt. On t-he morninf, of the 8th of March they were budtwo aind two, and driven into -two houses, oefrtebehe n n for the sisters and children, -and there inhumanly tomahawked and scalped, and then the buildings were set on fire and the whole consumed together. The Indians at Schonbrun escaped from the infuriated murderers. Messengers had wrarned them, and they fled to the woods. The whites burnt their town and then set off on their return, carrying the scalps of their victims and a portion of their- borses. Ninety-six persons (sixty-tw o adults and tbirty-four children) perisbed in this most inhuman massacre, which ouoht to stanip with eternal infamy the perpetrators. The success of Williamson's bloody expedition stirred up the borderers to renewed acts of violeince, and another expedition was immediately planned, to be directed against the fugitive Christian Indians at Sandusky. The total number of men who volunteered for the camnpaiun was four hundred and eighty (480), composed of nearly all Williamson's men, a large number of Virginia borderers, and a companiy from Washington County, Pennsylvania. The rendezvous wTas the Mingo Bottoms, where they collected on the 25th of May. The troops beld an election for choosinu a comnmandirg officer, Colonel Williamson and Colonel William Crawford being the candidates. Crawford was elected, but accepted the position with reluctaince, it is said. The arniy marelled alon- Williamson's trail, and arrived at the ruiDs of thle Moravian towns on the fourth day of their march. A fe w Indians were seen, but they escaped. The number of men, objects and designs of the expedition, even down to the order to " Give no quarter to any Indian, man, woman, or c_,hild," were known t'o the eiiemy, and every step of their marchl was watched and reported.On the 4th of June they arrived.at the Moravian village, on the Sandusky River, but found it, abandoned. At this point niainy of the men were,anxious to return lhome, but a council of officers deterinined to pusli on for another day iD the direction of Sanclusky, then about forty miles distant. They bad not proceeded fai- when the advance was attackecl bv a large body of Indians, concealed in the grass.I A severe conflict ensued, whiclh lasted until dark, and the troops rested on the battle-~round durint- the nit,ht. The next day a council of offieers was held, at which it was -resolved to retreat during the next nigbt, as the Indianis were apparently gaiining strength every hour. After dark, arrangements fora a retreat were made, when several sbots fired by the Indiains caused imany of the men to tliink the movements of the ai-my were discovered, and they left thei main bocly ancl attempted to escape in the darkiess. Tlle Indians pursued them, and upwards of a hundrled were killed or capturled. Colonel Crawford, Dr. Knight, surlgeon of the expedlitioD, aiid nine others were captulred, after wandering about fol- two days, by a party of Delawares, and -taken -to the old Wyandot town. At this place Captain Pipe, a Delaware chief, paintedl the prisoners black witli his own haiids, a sign tba-t they wer-e dlevotedl to deatha.HISTORrY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNASYLVAN IA. by Thomas Vickroy, of Bedford County, in June, and approved by Tench Francis, the attorney for the proprietaries, September 30, 1784. Sales immediately commenced,) and maniy applications for lots were made as soon as the survey was completed. Major Marbury was in command of the post -during a part of the year 1784. Some'timne in the summer Lieutenant Lucket succeeded him. According to letters of Major Isaac Craig, a distillery and windmill were strongly talked of, ancl there was an effort making to establish a mail, to be carried by post riders. Up to 1784 the country lying north of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers was still claimed by the Six Nations. On the 21st day of October, in that year, a treaty was raade at Fort Stanwix, now Rome, New York, by which the Indian -title was extinguished to all this region. Arthur Lee, who visited Pittsburgh in December, 1784, describes it as mostly inhabited by a laboring class of Irish and Scots, living in paltry log houses. He says, "1 There is a great deal of small trade carried on," the comnmodities of,exchange being "1money, wheat, flour, and skins." There were then in town four attorneys, twvo physicians, "but not a priest of any persuasion, nor church, naor chapel; so that they are'likely to be damned without the benefit of clergy." 14 cThe rivers encroaeb fast upon the town, ancl to such a degree that, as a gentle-,man told me, the Allegheny had, witbin thirty years of his meinory, carried away,one hundred yards. The place, I believe, will never be very considerable." The distillery before mnentioned probably went into operation late in the fall or winter of 1784. Anotlier enterprise, sornewhat different froml this last, was started in 1786.;On the 29th of July, in that year, was issued the -first number of tlhe Pittsburgh Gazette, by John Scull ancl Joseph Hall, the first paper published west of the mountain s. Its publication, we believe, has been continuous from 1786 to 1876. In the first number of. the Gazette there appeared a very graphic description -of Pittsburgh, by Judge Brackenridge, from which we mnake some interestiug,extracts: "It was in the sprin'g of the year 1781 that, leaving the city of Philadelphia, I crossed the Allegheny Mountains, and took u~p my residence in the town of Pittsburgh, "'If town it might be called, that town was none? Distinguisha.ble by house or streetbu,in fact, a few old buildings under the walls of a garrison, which stood at the junction of two rivers. Nevertheless, it appeared to me as what would one day lbe a town of note, and in the mean tirne might be pushed fo rward by the usual means that raise such places. "Two or three years passed, and some prot,ress had been made in improvemenlt, when a Gazette was established at this place, for the Western country, and one of -my earliest contributions was the following, intended to give some reputation to,the town, witlh a view to induce emigration to this particular spot. Whether it contributed in any degree to this object I do not know, nor is it material. It will serve to give some idea of what the town was at an early period, and the state of society at that time, July 26, 17S6:!4The Allegheny River, runninog from the northeast, and the Monongahela, from the southeast, meet at the angle of about thirty-three* degrees, and form tlhe 0hio. This is said to signify, in somie of the Indian languages, bloody; so that the Ohio River may be translated the River of Blood. " The French bave called it " La Belle Riviere," that is, the beautiful and,fair river, but this is not intended by them as having any relation to the name Ohio. It may bave received the name of Ohio about the beginning of the pres-.ent century, when the Six Nations made war upon their fellow-savages in these territories, and subjected several tribes.... At the distance of about four or five hundred yards from the head of the Ohio is a small island, lying to the northwest side of the river, at the distance of abouat seventy yards fronm the shore. It is covered with wood, and at the lowest part is a lofty hill, famous for tlle number.-of wilcl turkeys which inhabit it. The island is Dot more in length tban oneq-Lawrter of a mile, and in brea dth about one hundred yards. A small space on the upperTencl is clea-red, and overgrown with grass. The sava-,es had cleared it during the late war, a party of theim, attached to the United States, having placed.their wigwams and raised corn tbere. The Ohio, at the distance of about one -mile from its source, w1inds around the lower end of the island, and disappears. Icall the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela the source of the,Obio.... "'There is a rock, known by the name, of McKee's Rock, at the distance of about three miles below the head of the Ohio. It is the end of a promontory where the river bends to the northwest, and where, by the rushing of the floods, the.earth has. been cut away during several ages, so that now the liuge overhanging r-ocks appear hollowed beneath, so as to form a doime of majesty anid granldeur, inear one hundred feet in heioht. Here are thle names of French and British officers engraved, who in form-er times, in parties of pleasure, bad visited this place. The town of Pittsburgh, at the head of the Ohio, is scarcely visible from hence, by reason of an intervening islandl, the lower end of which is nearly opposite the rocks. " I Just below them, at the bending of the river, is a deep eddy water, whichL has been sounded by a line of thirty fathoms, and no bottom found. Above themis a beautiful extent of bottom, containing five or six bundred acres, and the ground rising to the inlanld country with an easy ascent, so as to form an extensive landscape. " I As you ascend the river from- these rocks to the town of Pittsburgh, youl pass, by on your right hand the inouth of a brook, known by the name of Saw-Mill Run. This empties itself about half a mnile below town, and is overlooked by a building on its banks, on the point of a hill which fronts the east, and is first struck by the beam of the rising- sun. At a small distance froim its mouth is a saw--mill, about twenty perches below the situatio'n of an old mnill built by the British, the remains of whicli are yet seen. "'At the head of the Ohio stands the town of Pittsburgh, on an angular piece of uro-Lnd, the two rivers forlxiilig the two sides of the anlgle. Just at the point stood, when I first came to th-is couLntry, a tree, leaning against which I have often ovTerlooked the wave, or, committing my garmnents to its sliade, have bathed in the transparent tide. How have I regretted its undeserved fate, when the early wiinter'ls flood tore it from its roots, and left the bank bare!... The bank of the Allegheny River, on the nortliwest side of the town of Pittsburgh, is planted with an orchard of'apple-trees, with some pear-trees intermuixed. "'These were brought, it is said, and planted by a British officer who commanded at this place early on the first occupation of it by the crown of England. He has deserved the thanks of those who have since enjoyed it, as the fruit is excellent, and the trees bear in abundance every year. Near the garrison, on the Allegheny bank, were formerly what were called the King's Artillery Gardens,delighltful spots, cultivated hiohly to usefulness and pleasure; the soil favoring the growth of plaints aild flowers equal witli any on the globe. Over this ground, the ancient herbs aind plants springing up underneath the foot, it is delightful still to walk covered with the orchard shade. "'On the west side of tlhe Allegheny River, and opposite the orchard, is a level of three thousand acres, reservTed by the State to be laid out in lots for the pur-pose of a towin. A small stream, at right angles to tlhe river, passes through it. On this grouiid it is supposecl a town may stand; but on all hands it is excluded -from the praise of being a situation so convenient as on the side of the river where the preseint town is placed; yet it is a most delightful grove of oak, cherry, and walnlut trees.'"' This descriptioni of the site of the presenit beautiful and busy city of Allegheny, with its sevenlty thousand inhabitants, brings to mind most vividly the changes wrought since the stirring scenes of tlhe early days around the "1forks of the Ohio." "l' The town of Pittsburgh, as at present built, stands chiefly on what is called the third bank; that is, the third rising of the ground above the Allegheny River. "'For there is the first bank, which confines the river at the present time, and about three hundred feet remaoved is a second, like the falling of a garden; then a third, at the distancee of about three hundred yards; and lastly, a fourth bank, all of easy inclination, and parallel with the Allegheny River. "'These banks would seem, in successive periods, to have been the margin of the river, which gradually has changed its course, and has been thrown from one descent to another to the present bed where it lies. "'In digginog wells the kind of stones are found which we observe in the Allegheny current, worn smooth by the attrition of the water. Shells are also intermixed witlh those thrown out. Nature, therefore, or the river, seems to bave formed the bed of this towni as a garden, with level walks and fallings of the ground. Hence the advantaues of descending gardens on these banks, which art elsewhere endeavors with the greatest industry to perform. Nor is the soil less happy than the situation. The mould is light and rich. The finest gardens in the known world (?) may be formed here. "'The town consists at present of about one hundred dwelling-houses, with buildings appurtenant. More are daily added, and for some time past it has improved with equal but continual pace. The inhabitants, children, men, and women, are about -fifteen hundred;t this numnber doubling alinost every year fro m the accession of people from abroad, and from those born in the town. As I pass along, I may remarlk that this new country is in genleral highly prolific; whether t A very large estimate. KThe angle is about fifty-six degrees.I I I I I i I I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSY7LVANIA. 54 it is that tlhe ve,etable air, if I mlay so express it, conistanui,y perfumed with aromatic flavor and impregnated with salts drawn from the fresh soil, is more favorable to the productioni of men and other animals than decayed grounds."' In August, 1786, it appears from these papers that there was one clergymaii of the Calvinistic faith (Samuel Barr) settled liere, and a German Lutheran occasionally preacbed here. A chuirch, coinstructed of squared timber, was also in process of erection. Accordlin- to Mr. Craig, this church stood within the ground then (1850) oce-Lpiedl by the First Presbyterian Church, and was sufferQdl to stancl until thle brick buildin-, was realred around it. There were also two phiysicians, Dr. Bedford and aniother, name not gliven; two lavryers, Brackenridge and, possibly,,John Woods or James Ross. Freighting, in those days was not as, cheap or rcapid as in these days of steam. The price from Philadelphia to Pittsbur,,h, by wa-,ons and pack-lhorses, probably was six: pence per pound. The writer makes the, prediction: " HowevTer improved the conveyaniee may be, and by wbatever cl-lannel, the impoirtation of lheavy articles will still be expensive." To-day (1876) the avera;,e cost of transportation of ordiriary freight, betweent Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, is from -fifteen to twventy cents per o??e hqtnd7e(.l pounds! In those prim-itive days the great bulk of manufactured goods was impor ts; today, Pittsburgh and Allegheny are among the hbeaviest shlippin- points in the world in the line of exports of manufactures. When the Gazette was first issued, there was no United States mail yet established to Pittsburgh; all correspondence was carried on by special express or occasioiial travelers. In th-e Gazette of September 30, 1788, is the followinog extract from a letter dated Philadelphia, September 14, 1786: " Mr. Brison has returned from New York (tben we believe the seat of governmient), with orders to establish a post froim this place to Pittsburgh, and olie from Virginia to Bedford, the two to meet at Bedford." At a meeting of the citizens of Pittsburgh, held on lst of March, 1787, Messrs. Hugh Ross, Stephen Bayard, and Reverend Samuel Barr were appointed a conmittee to r-eport a plan for building a market-house and establisbing market days. The meetinog adjourned to meet again the'ensuing Saturday, to) hear the report of the commiittee. A market-house was afterwards erected on the corner of Market and Secoiid Streetas. "On the 29th of September, 77 an act was passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, incorporating the Presbyterian Congregation of the town of Pittsburgh, and among- the trustees we fiDd the name of their pastor, Rev. Samuel Barr, who, of courWse, mulst bave been bere previous to that time." "1 At the samie session of the Legislature, an act was also passed for the establishment of an academy or public school at Pittsburgh.'' "1 On the 3d of April, 1788, the' Mayflower,' the first boat with New England immigrants for the mouth of the Muskingum, arrived here from Simrall's Ferry, where West Newton now stands. This was the beginning of that immigrat-ion which filled the great territory with a civilized population, that has conlverted thce wilderness into a g;arden, and made the valleys to bloom as a rose."7 Dr. Hildreth, of Marietta, gives the fullowing account of the startino, of the " Mayflower"' from Robb's Town, now better known as West Newton, and of the passage downl the Youghiogheny River: "After laying in a sto)ck of provisions, thley pushed out merrily into the'Yoh,' as it was farniliarly called by all the borderers of that region, and floated rapidly alon,y, sometimes grazing on the sballows, and at other times grounding, on the sarid-bars. By dint of rowing and pushing they made out to -et on, especially after falling into the larger current of the Monongahela, and reached Pittsburgh on Sunday evening. They were now at the junction of these two noble strealis, tlhe Allegheny and the Monongahela, and saw the waters of the charming Ohio, the object of all their toils, and were appareintly at the end of their journiey. Near the point of land where the Ohio takes its name they landed their uncouth and unwieldly wvater-craft, makin-, it fst to a stake on the bank. It was late in tlhe afternoon, and the men weiit up into tlle town to purchase some articles needed to iiiake their families comfor-table on tlhe downvvard voyage. "Pittsburgh then contained four or -five hundred inhabitants, several retail stores, and a small garrison was kept in old Fort Pitt.. To our travTelers, Wlio bad lately seen nothint, but trees and rocks, with here aind there a solitary hut, it seemed to be quite a lar-e town. The houses were e}liiefly buiilt of logs, but now and then one had assumed theo appearance of neatness and coilfort."' C:HAPTER X. OIRGANIZATION OI' ALLEGHENY COUNTY, 1788 LOCATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT-ALLEGHENY CITY LAID OUT- TROUB3LES WITH INDIANS-GIRTY, ELLIOTT, M'K EE HARMER'S EXPEDITION GENERAL ST. CLAIR'S EXPEDITION GENERAL WAYNE'S CAMPAIGN. ALLEGHENY COUNTY, UP to 178S, colnstituited portions of Westmoreland and, Washington Counties, with Pittsburgh and the bulk of the County in Westmore-- land The county seat of the latter, county was at Hanna's Town, situated somie thirty miles east of Pittsburgh. "On the 24th of Septeniber, 178S, the Legislature passed an act autboriziDng the erection of a liew county, to be called Allegheny, out of parts of Washington and Westmoreland Counties. "1 By this act the courts were to be beld in Pittsburgh until certain trustees, named therein, sbould erect suitable buildinus on the reserved tract opposite Pittsburgh, where Allegheny City now stands. "But, by an act pas.sed the next sprint,, the trustees were authorized to purchase lots in Pittsburgh for the court and jail." Allegheny City* was laid out under an act of the General Assemibly of Pennsylvania, passed Septeniber 11, 1787. It was an exact square o.f one hundred. lots, each sixty by two huindred and forty feet. During the year 1790, the Indians oil the WesterD bofder, who bad been toler-. ably peaceful for a number of years, began to show signs of hostility; and it was. generally believed they were instigated inore or less by such British traders as, Alexander McKee and Matthew Elliott, together with Simon Girty, which worthy trio of renegfades stirred up more difficulties between the United States and the Western Indians than all other causes togetber. Their operations were principally directed from Fort Erie aiid Detroit, and they bad tradiDg-posts about the southwestern coast of Lake Erie, on the Maumee, and on the Wabash, many miles. within the limits of the United States. IThe Indians becomiDg constantly more ti-oublesomie, the government deter-- n-iined to send a str'ong force to chastise tbem. Two separate expeditions were planned; one, under command of General Josiah Harmer, consisting of about. fourteen hundred troops, part regulars and part militia, and a small train of artillery, under Captain Ferguson, to proceed against the Miami villages on the Maumee, which occupied the present site of Fort Wayne, Indiana; the otber, under command of General Charles Scott, of Kentucky, consisting of about seven hundred and fifty men, to march against the Wea towns on the Wabash. General Harmer marebed to the Miami towns from Fort Washington, now Cincinnati, w7here he arrived on the 19th of October. At first the troops were successful in destroyiDg the corn and other property of the Indians, but were eventually much cut up, wbile bunting the Indians in detachments, by Little, Turtle's bands, and compelled to retreat with heavy loss. The expeditioil under Genei-al Scott did -not move until the 23d of M:ay, 1791, wh-en he crossed the Ohio, at the mouthl of the Kentucky River, alid commenced bis march towards the Indian town of Ouiatenon, situated on the Wabash, a few miiles below the preseint city of Lafayette, Indiana, wbere he arrived on the lst of June. A series of operatioDs, continuing for several days, completely destroyed all the villages in this neigbhborbood be1ongiDg to various tribes,- Weas, Kickapoos, etc. But these, and otber expeditions, only served to inflame the Indians more thoroughlyv afr,ainst the whites, and a general coinfederation of the vairiouls tribes in the West was resolved oni by Little Turtle, chief of the Miamis, Blue Jctcket, chief of the Shawanese, aind Buck-ong-a-he-las, chief of the Delawares, for the purpose of driving the whites beyond t-he Ohio. In the mean time the government was preparino, a new expedition, under the command of General Arthur St. Clair. Thek fnl1owino, lette,r fromn Major Isaac Craig,_ tlhen Deputy OuartermasterGeneral and Military Storekeeper at Fort Pitt, will show the condition of affairs about Pittsburgh: FORT PITT, March 25, 1791. "SIR,-In consequence of a number of people killed, and several talken prisoners, by the Indians, in the vicinity of this place, within a few days past, and frequent reports of large parties of savages being on our frontier, the people of this town have iriiade repeated applications for arms and ammuiiition to me, which I bave bitherto refused; but in a town meeting, beld yesterday, it was resolved that the principal men of the town sbould wait on me and request a loan of one bundred muskets, with bayoniets and cartouch boxes, and they slhould enter into-an oblit,ation to redeliver said artns, etc., in good order to me, in two months, or sooner, if Fulrther ilotice wvill be f'ouncl uncler the proper bea.ding.I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 55 demanded by me in consequence of any order of' the commandint, oficer, or Seec retary of War; but in case of imy refusal to comply with their requisition, it was resolved to break open the stores and take such, a number as thev mliAht think proper. "Accordingly, ten of the most r espectable characters of -the town waited on me this day, and made the above demands, and they told me they were determined to take them in case of my refusal,-that nothing but the necessity of putting the town in a state of defense, and their desire to guard the public stores, could have induced theni to such a determination. I repeated my instructions to the gentlemen, and told them I mlust be guilty of a breach of orders by issuinog the smallest article without proper authority, and that their properest step would be to send an express to the Secretary of War, requestin- an order on me for such articles as they think necessary. *"They agreed with me that it was proper to send an express, but that there was not an hour to be lost in armin(, the inhabitants of the town. I then bad no alternative but either to see the storehouse broken open, and perhaps part of the stores destroyed, or to deliver one hundred muskets, and make these gentleinen accountable, and obtain a guard for the protectioin of the stores. "I have cbosen the latter, and takenl an obligation signed by ten of the most respectable characters, by which they are accountable for one hundred muskets, bayoes an atuc oe,obliged to redeliver them in two months from this date, or sooDer, if demanided, furnish such a guard for the stores as I may tbinkDnecessary, and also to make application by express for your approbation of this transaction. I hope, sir, it will appear to you that of two evils, one of which was unavoidable, I have made choice of the least. I shall be very unhappy in your disapprobation of my conduct in this tiransaction. "I an, 7sir, your obedient, humble servant, " ISAAC CRAIG. "Hon. Major-General KNOX, Secretary of War, Philadelphia.'.' The proceedin- was sanctioned by the Secretary, and an order given to the Governor, coverinu the arms. Under inst-ructions from the War Department General St. Clair proceeded to organize his army. In the latter part of April, 1791, be was at Pittsburgh, at which point troops, munitions, and supplies were concentratinog froim all directions. On the 15th of May, St. Clair reached Fort Wasbington. At that time the total of United States troops in the West amouyited to but two hundred and sixty-four non-commissioned officers and privates fit for duty; of these seventy-five were at Fort Washing,ton, forty-five at Fort Harmer, sixt -one at Fort Steuben, and eighty-three at Fort Knox.- On. the 15th of July the First United States Infantry, CODSiStint, of three lhundred men, arrived at Fort Washington. This regiment was raised in the vicinity of Boston, and was afterwards, and possibly at that time, commanded by Colonel Thomas Hunt, falther of General John E. Hunt, of Toledo, Ohio. It was not with the army at St. Clair's defeat, wlio decla-red, had it been, he would not have been defeated. About the middle of September the airmy had accumulated to two thousand thre hndrd ten,with which St. Clair advanced, buildinu forts alon- the route, and leaving garrisons, by wbich Ihis force began rapidly to diminish. Insubordination and desertions were also demoralizing, bis militia regimnents to a deploi-able extent, and when the army arrived, on the 3d of November, at the bead-waters of the Wabash, within the present limits of Mercer County, Ohio, it consisted of about fourteen hundred men. On the morninog of the.4th of Novemober, 1791, the troops were attacked in their camp just as they were breakinog up froul parade, and after a terrible conltest, continuing through many bourls, in which the Indians practiced pirecisely the same tactics which were used against Colonel Bouquet thirty-five years before, the army, or rather a remnant of it, was compelled to iretreat, with a loss the greatest evTer suffered on any battle-field in the West. Out of fourteen hundred men engaged, including, eighty-six officers, eight hundred and ninety men and sixt -eigbt officers were killed or wounded. Among the officers killed were Major-General Richard Butler, second in command, Lieutenant-Colonel Oldham, Major Ferguson, Major Hart, and Major Clark; and among the wouDded were Colonel Sargent, Adjutant-General, Lieutenant-Colonel Darke, Lieutenant-Colonel Gibson, Major Butler, and Viscount Malertie, a foreign officer actiDg as aid-de-camp. The Indians coDsisted of about twelve hundred, from various tribes, and were -commainded by Little, Turtle, and Buckc-ong-a-he-las. Their loss was Dot known. The defeat of St. Clair's army was terribly disastrous in its results to the -country. A tbousand miles of frontier were left totally unprotected, and the sava-,es were not slow to follow up their advantages. The wbole line of frontier was attacked, the Indiaiis peneti-atinu even int'o Pennsylvania. Even General Knox, then Secretary of War, becamie alarmed, and in the followingf letter, under date of December 16, 1791, ordered Major Craig to act pi-oniptly, and build a new fortification. foi- the protection of the town and public pI operaty: "I request you immediately'to procure materials for a block-house and picketed fort, to be erected in such part of Pittsburgh as sball be the best position to cover the town as well as the public stores wliich shall be forwarded fronm time to time. As you liave been an artillery officer during the la-te war, I request you to act as engiineer. I give you a s'ketch of the work geDerally, which you mlust adapt to the nature of the ground. "It is possible that sonle private property may be interfered with by the position you take, but an appraisenment imust take place according to law, and the result sent to me." A work was erected by Major Craig, which occupied the lots nunibered 55, 56, 57)758, 91, 92, 93, and 94, belonging to John Penn, Jr., and John Penn. The location is between Hand and Tenth Streets, and, according to an old plat of the town in 1795, Penn Street crosses the ground occupied by it. It was a square work, witbh four bastions and block-houses, mo unting, four sixpounder guns, and containing barracks for a small garrison. The work was finished in May, 1792, and, by permission of General Knox, niamed Fort LaFayette by Major Craig. St. Clair was relieved, at h'is own request, from the command of the Western army, and General Anthony Wayne, a distiilaguished officer of the Revolutionary army, appointed to succeed bimi. He immediately proceeded westward, and arrived in Pittsburgh on the 14th of June, 1792 A camp of instruction, called Legionville, was organized at a point some twentytwo miles below Pittsburgh, and on or near the old site of Logstown. -In December, 1792, it was occupied by the troops gathering for the great campaign against the Indians, and named the Legion of the United States, divided into four.sub-le-ions, and provided vvith legionary and sub-leg,ionary officers. While Wayne's armly was being collected and drilled, the peace mneasures of the United States were pressed with equal perseverance. The friendly chiefs of the Iroquois werne used as peace-makers. Five eiiibassies were sent amon- the various Western tribes, of whoni three were imiurdered wbile attemptin(y to reach their destinationis, anid all were failures except that of Putnam, who, in company with the Moravian missionary, Heckewelder, reached Vincennes, on the Wabash, wliere, on the 27th of Septeiiiber, he met thlirty-one chiefs of the Weas, Piankeshaws, Kaskaskias, Peorias, lllinois, Pottawattomies, Mosquitoes, Kickapoos, and Eel River Indians, and concluded a treaty of peace with them upon honorable and satisfactory terms; but the Senate (if the United States not beino, able to ag,ree uponi the fourth condition of the ti eaty, it was not confirmed. In October a great council was held -at Auglaize (now Defiance, Ohio), at which an iminense concourse of Indians assembled-. The seven Canadian nations were present, and Cornplanter, with forty-eight chiefs of the Six Nations, also attended. Cornplanter, in speaking of this Council, says, "1 There were so many nations that we canilot tell the names of them. There wer-e tlhree men from the Gora nations -it took them a whole season to comeand twenty-seven nations from beyond Canada." Chiefs from all the Western and Northwestern tribes and nations, were there in -reat Dumbers, anld it was the lar,est Indian council of the time. Nothing of impo rtance was accomplished at this council, and the nations parted after agreeiDg to meet the United States in council at the Rapids of the Miami ( Maumee) the next spring. Wayne's army i-emainled at Legionville until April 30, 1793, during all of which time it was subjected to very severe drill and st,rict discipline. Wayne well knew that the blame of Harmer's aDd St. Clair's defeats rested -mainly upon the fact that both armies, excepting, a few regular troops, were undisciplined and insubordinate militia, and notbing but the course pursued by bim at Legionville could render his force capable of aebievin-, victory even over the undisciplined hordes of Indians. The result justified the means, and demonstrated the value of thorou-,h drill and discipline. On the 22d of February there was a -rand review of the Leg,ion, an'd a lively sham battle was introduced for the closin-, exercise. The army left Legionville on the 30th of April, 1793, embarkin-, on board of bot,and going down the river to Fort Washington, on the site of Cincinnati. A few days before Wayne left Legionville he visited Pittsburgh, and while there the following correspondence occurred: "MAJOR-GENERAL ANTHONY WAYNE, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United States:. cc The inhabitants of Pittsburgh embrace the occasion of your visit to this town from your winter-qulaiters at Leg,ionville to express their respect for you personally, which is impressed upon them from an experience of your just attentioniv Portrait of -A. W. Rook (Plate LXXVII.) "c William Coleman "i "t Joseph Woodwell " @ o "t Thomas Davison (Plate LXXVIII.).. e "c James H. Hays "e G. A. Thumm 4 C6 W. P. Wampler 6 s; A. Garrison (Plate LXXIX.) e * " Hon. Thos. I. Bigham (Plate LXXIX.) " W. B. Scaife ". " Alexander Speer";' Judge H. M. Brackenridge (Plate LXXX.)'; Hon. M. Hampton" 5; Jonas R. McClintock". f; William Dilworth; ' William Eichbaum' John F. Dravo; " Rev. William Collier';; Alex. McFarland".. " Joseph Stoner" " Thomas J. Kinney". " James Miller 6 " and Biography of Isaac Jones ( Plate LXXXI.) " " " ~~Rev. Wm. J. Reid (Plate LXXXI.) facing. page 176 " 176 { 177 " 177 177 " 182 182 " 182 183' 183 { 1 83 " 183' 183 ' 183 sv 183 " 183;; 183 sv 183 sc 1 86 " 186 s; 187 6 187 187 s; 187;; 190 o; 190 " 190 " 190 " 191 191 191 191 HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH..... 1 21-1 41 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY CITY........ 142-147 HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 148-175 * @ * * * - O 0 * * O. *. - O O O. *.. * o e o o * o * o * v * e * o o v Hon, Jonas R. McClintock Hon. Moses Hampton, L.L.D. Dr. Curtis G. Hussey Abraham Garrison Captain John F. Dravo. William Coleman... James R. Speer, M.D. Alexander W. Rook. William E. Schmertz Joseph Woodwell Captain John Rogers John Agnew.. W. P. Wampler Judge Henry M. Brackenridge Jacob Negley, Sr... General Presley Neville Major Isaac Craig. William B. Scaife. William Dilworth.. William Eichbaum.. James H. Hays. 176 178 179 179 179 179 181 181 181 182 182 183 183 183 184 185 185 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 192 193 193 127 166 167 186 186.. O * O * O * * * O * O * ~ * O O e * O * Q * Q * O O e * * * Portraits of Andrew Fife and wife (Plate LXXXII.) Portrait of James Henderson Elizabeth Herr 6* c Residence of Frederick Hampe, Mt. Oliver (Plate LXXXII.) Portrait of J. W. Hailman (Plate LXXXIII) * o o Jacob Painter. Augustus Hoeveler.. A. Bradley C Portraits of H. W. Ferguson and wife (Plate LXXXIV.). "Locust Grove," Residence of H. W. Ferguson, Hampton Town.ship (Plate LXXXIV.). * * v * Portrait of James R..Speer (Plate LXXXIV.).. Frederick Roads "..i f Levi Edmundson * o * James W. Hailman. Alexander Speer... * * * * Augustus Hoeveler..... Gustave A. Thumm.......... Levi Severance............ Samuel Severance........ e * * James Thomson......... Rev. William Collier, D.D. George Lewis, Sr.......... Rev. Charles Avery. (Plate XVII.) -....... facing page James Sharp, (Plate LX.)........ " Major A. M. Brown (Plate LXII.)....... " Isaac Jones ( Plate LXXXI. )........ Rev. William J. Reed (Plate LXXX'I.)...... " ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. THREE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS...... THREE YEARS SERVICE.... ONE HUNDRED DAYS' MEN... ARTILLERY. O O O. O O O, O THE ARTILLERY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. WEST VIRGINIA TROOPS. SKETCHES OF EMINENT MILITARY MEN: General Alexander Hays Colonel Oliver Hazard Rippey Colonel James H. Childs Colonel William S. Kirkwood,,.,.. Colonel Richard C. Dale.,,.. Colonel Samuel W. Black...., Major Albert M. Harper.. ROSTER OF SOLDIERS. War of 1812....... Mexican War War of the Rebellion o e e e ~194 e o e ~194 e o Q ~201 @ @ ~ ~201 4 Q * ~202 206 207 9 ~ @ ~208 @ @ @ ~208 e o e ~209 v e @ ~209 * s @ ~209 0,, ~210 @ @ e ~211 * o * ~211 e o e ~216 The Death-Roll of Allegheny County Soldiers, during; the Rebellion. 231-242 TABLE OF CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. PA GE INTRODUCTORY....... 7, 8 GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL * e HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY: CHAPTER I.-Indiain Nations-Ancient Traditions 11,12 CHAPTER II.-Early Settlements. and Explorations- by the French. 12-14 CHAPTER III.-Early Settlement of Pennsylvania-William Penn-The Great Treaty 15, 16 CHAPTER IV.-Movements of the French on the Lakes and the Ohio-Negotiations with the Six Nations-The, Ohio Company-Washington's Mission-Christopher Gist.. e e o o o 16-24 CHAPTER V.-Movements of the French-Ensign Ward and Captain ContrecoeurWashington's Campaign.. e o e 24-28 CHAPTER VI.-Braddock's Campaign-Battle of Monongahelas-Scenes at Fort Duquesne 28-32 CHAPTER VII.-John McKinney-Lieutenant Baker-Destruction of Kittanning by Colonel John Armstrong-Despondency in England-Forbes Expedition-Frederick Post-Grant's Defeat-Occupation of Fort Duquesne-Fort Pitt 32-38 CHAPTER VIII.-Pontiae War-Sieges of Detroit and Fort Pitt-Bouquet's Expeditions-Controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia-Washington's Visit, 1770 -Dunmore's War, 1774.... e 38-46 CHAPTER IX.-Opening of the Revolution-Conduct of the People-Boundary Question-Manor of Pittsburgh-Connolly, Colonel R. Butler, McKee, Girty, ElliottBorder Wars with Indians-Colonels Broadhead and Gibson-St. Clair-The Moravians. etc.-General William Irvine-Colonel Crawford-Pittsburgh 46-54 CHAPTER X.-Organization of Allegheny County, 1788-Location of the County Seat -Allegheny City laid out-Troubles with Indians-Girty, Elliott-Harmer's Expedition-General St. Clair's Expedition-General Wayne's Campaign 54-57 CHAPTER XI.-The Whisky Insurrection.....57-60 CHAPTER XII.:-Allegheny County since the year 1800-War of 1812-Mexican War -Rebellion. e o, o o o * * o 61-65 CHAPTER XIII.Agricultural...,...... 65 CHAPTER XIV.-Educational-Western University of Pennsylvania-Public Schools 65-68 CHAPTER XV.-The 13ench and Bar of Allegheny County..68, 69 CHAPTER XVI.-The Monongahela Navigation Company...,..69-72 CHAPTER XVII.-County Institutions-Western Pennsylvania Hospital-Western Penitentiary-Pennsylvania Reform School-Allegheny County Work-HouseAllegheny County Home......72-77 CHAPTER XVIII.-Religious. 8-95 CHAPTER XIX.-Medical...,.... O. O 95-99 CHAPTER. XX.-The Pittsburgh and Centennial Expositions. 100 CHAPTER XXI.-Commerce and Industries...... 100,101 THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY 102-120 ROLL OF HONOR.the bones to-ether anid carry tlhem oult to make our beds." On this spot Wayne built a fort, and named it Fort Recovery. During the winter Wayne Wias busy preparing for a decisive campaign. He~ obtained abundant evidence from the Indians themselves that they were encouraged and assisted by the British in Canada, and took:measures accordingly. On the 30th of June following, a force of o-ne h-undred and forty men, under command of Major McMahon, was fiercely attacked by a large body of Indians, under tlhe celebrated Little Turtle, chief of the Miamis. The enemy was repulsed by the united efforts of Major McMahon's command and the garrison of Fort Recovery, with heavy loss. The Indians engaged in this affair were variously estimated at from fifteen hundred to two thousand. They advanced in seventeen columnns upon the Americans, and according to Indian accounts there were quite a number of British and Canadians aiding and assisting them, three, at least, being prominent officers. On the 26th of July, General Scott joined Wayne with sixteen hundred mounted men frorn Kentucky, and on the 28th the Legion moved forward. On the Sth of August they were at Grand Glaize, the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee Rivers, where they built Fort Defiance. From this point, on the 13th of August, Wayne addressed a note to the confederated Indians, requesting them to send delegates for the purpose of making, al treaty, or otherwise prepare for war im'mediately. Unwilling to waste time, the army was moved forward, and on tlhe 16th met the messenger returning, who brought word from the Indians that if the Americans would wait ten days at Grand Glaize, they would decide for peace or war. Wayne's answer was a rapid march of the army straight toward the enemy. Every one k-nows the result. The haughty savages and their allies -were encountered at the "Fallen Timbers,"' on the 20th of August, 1794, and cornpletely routed, wvith great loss, and driven pell-mnell under the guns of the British fort, Miami, at the foot of the rapids of the. Maumee, on the site now occupied by Maumee City, or South Toledo. It is stated on good authority, that at a couilcil held by the Indians juLst previous to the battle, the Miami chief, Little Turtle, spoke emphatically for peace,, and advised them to meet Wayne according to his request. Said he, You bave beaten the Long Knives twice (alluding to Harmer and St. Clair), but you cannot beat this man Wayne. He never sleeps. I have watched him incessantly on all the long march from Fort Washington, and have. never been able to surprise him.' But the Indians, urged on by British influence, removed the great chief from the commaDd, put another in his place, and were overthrown. This battle settled the matter, and the savages were glad to treat for peace. A sbarp correspondence. took place, after the battle, between General Wayne and Major Campbell, commanding the garrison at Fort Miami, and the two nations came very near a rupture. All the property belonging to McKee, Elliott, and other British agents, wa's destroyed, some of it beiing under the guns of the fiort. A good story is still cuLrrent about Maumee City and Toledo, which, wbetheir true or false, finely illustrates thie feelings entertained, by Wayne's army at least, towards the pestiferous British influence at work among the Indians. Fort Miami is said to bave been originally occupied by the French as early as 1679-80. It was taken possession of by the British, and reconstructed in great strength, in 1794, a few months previous to Wayne's advent. The occupation of this work, forty miles within the limits of the United States territory by the treaty of 1783, was of itself a casus belli, and Wayne no doubt. felt very much inclined to attack and destroy it. ODe, day, while in the vicinity, the general took a soldier aside and told him he wanted he should talk-e a bucket and go down to the river-side, near the fort, and bring up some water. The soldier looked at him with astonishment. "Why, genleral, if I do tbat, they will shoot me from the fort!" "The. very thing I want, says Wayne; "I and then we will blow the whole damned concern about their ears." From here the army marched to the head of the Maumee, where Fort Wayne was constructed and garrisoned, and on the 28th of October it returned to Fort Greenville, where Wayne re-established his headquarters. Durinog the winter the Indians throughout the West began to show signs of weakening.'They had been thoroughly bumbled by the " Black Snake," as they named General Wayne, and were anxious for peace. Numerous delegat-ions visited Forts Wayne and Greenville, excha-ngiDg prisoners and arrangiDg prelimninaries for a treaty, which was made by a council that met on the 16th of June. The council continued in session until August 7, wben a treaty was signed by all the confederated Indians of the Nortbwest, tllat gave peace to the country for man;y years. General Anthony Wayne died at or near Presq' Isle, now Erie, Pennsylvania, in December, 1796. He was born in 1745, in Chester Count;y, Pennsylvania, and served with great distinction through the Revolutionary war. His remains to the rights of the citizens while youLr army -lay at this place, and from their observations of your unremitted exertions to preserve, improve, a-nd prepare the troops u-nder your command for the service for which they were intended. "We have sanguine hopes, notwithstanding the misfortunes of the last two campaigns, th-at with soldiers in such health, subordination, and discipline, the exultation of a savage enemy might be reduced, and their minds brought to a temper of treating on proper principles, and preservinog that treaty with some fidelity, from a recollection of what they bave been made to suffer,-the only principle by which, in present circumstances, they can be governed. But as there never was a-n Indian treaty without a peace, wbere goods are to be distributed, we expect none at present; and there can be no peace durable unless founded in affection or fear, and as there can be neither of these in the present case, we expect war in a short time agfain, and when it comes, as come it will, we shall be happy to see so vigila-nt a-nd able a-n officer, with an army of his own forming, once more to do what ought to be done -now, and by chastising first, lay the foundation of a more' permnanent peace with the enemy. "By direction of the inhabitants, " JOHN GIBSON, Chairman." "The personal respect, and the approbation of miy conduct, so very politely. and obligingly expressed by the inhabitants of Pittsburgh, have made an indelible impression of esteem and gratitude in my breast, that can only end with life. "1 A permanent peace with the hostile Indians appears to be the sincere wish *and desire of government, and very sanguine, expectations are entertained of its taking place in the course of the summer, through the mediation of the Commissioners appointed for that purpose. If, after every effort shall be made by them, it shall be, found that peace is unattainable but by the sacrifice of national character and honor, it is to be hoped that the citizens of the United States of America will have but one mind as to the vigor with which the war sball be pursued. In that event, I sliall hope to be powerfully reinforced by the brave and virtuLous frontier volunteers, with whose aid, I fondly trust, we shall produce a conviction to the minds of the savages of our superiority in the field, which will soon lead the way to a permanent peace, Sso much the wish and desire of all good men. W 0ith th-ese hopes and impressions, I bave the hconor to be, with sincere respect and esteem for the inhabitants of Pittsburgh, your and their most devoted and obliged humble servant, ANTHONY WAYNE. "To Hon. Gen. JOHN GIBSON, Chairman." Lieutenant-Colonel John Clark, commander of the Fourth Sub-Legion, was left in comma-nd of Fort Pitt by General Wayne on his departure for the West. His jurisdiction also extended over all the adjacent posts. While Wayne's armny was being raised and prepared for the worst, the United States Government was using every means in its power to bring about a peaceable solution of the difficulties. General Benjamin Lincoln, a veteran of the Revolution, who had been deputed at Yorktown to receive the sword of the British commander, Beverly Randolph, and Timothy Pickering, the latter a prominent officer in both civil and militarv affairs, were appointed a comnmission to mneet the Indian -nations of the West, and treat for peace. They proceeded to Niagara, where they were very kindly treated by Lietenant-General Simcoe, Governor of Canada, who, upon the request of the Commissioners, appointed Captain Bunbury and Lieutenant Givens to accompany them to the treaty ground. Heekewelder, the missionary, and a depu~tation of six Quakers, also attended. Colonel John Butler, afterwards British Indian Agent, Brandt, McKee, Girty, wbo acted as interpreter for the Indians, Elliott, and others, were there, and the Indians were fully represented. The council was held at the house of Matthew Elliott, near the mouth of the Detroit River. Many long speeches were made, and former treaties rehearsed, but the Indians insisted on the Ohio River as the boundary, and demanded that all the settlers should be removed to the east and south of that stream, whaich of course could not be agreed to, and the council broke up ona the 1 6th of August, 1793. The Commissioners returned to Erie,- frora whence they sent a message to General Wayne, informing him of the issue. Wayne's army had encamped a-t Fort Washington in April. The whole season was spent in collecting stores and provisions, in gathering in the militia from Kentucky and the border States, and in cuttincg roads and buildin-, fortifications. Towards the last of December (23d or 24tb) a detachment was sent from the headquarters at Greenville, where Wayne had constructed a strong fortification, to the field of St. Clair's defeat, two years previously, for the purpose of burying the remains of those who fell in that disastrous battle. They arrived upoin the field on Christmas-day. An eye-witness says, "1 Six hundred skulls were gathered up and buried, and when we went to lay down in our tents at night, we had to scrape HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNtSYLVANIA. 56I COUNTY, PENNSYLVTANIA. 57 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY (Brownsville), on the 27th of July, 1791, where a meeting was called to consider the troubles growing out of the excise law. The meeting was attended by many influential and able men, and they ag,reed to call a convention of delegates from the five couinties of Washintton, Allegheny, Westmoreland, Fayette, and Bedford (included under the fourth survey of the law in question), to be held at Washington on'the 23d of August, 1791. Upon the proceedings of this convention Hamilton remarks,-'"This meeting passed some intermediate resolutions, afterwards printed in the Pittsburgh Gazette, containiing a strong censure oni the law, declaring that any person who had accepted or might accept an office uiider Congress to carry it into effect shoulld be considered as inimical to t-he interests of the country, and recommending to the citizens of Washington County to treat eveiry person who h-ad accepted or mi^,ht thereafter accept any such office with contempt, and absolutely refuse all kind of communication or intercourse with the officers, and to withhold from them all aid, support, or conifort.'1 Not content with this vindictive proscription of those who might esteem it their- duLty, in the capacity of officers, to aid in the execution of the constitutional laws of the land, the meeting proceeded to accumulate topics of crimination of the gover-nment, though foreign to each ot-her; authorizing, by this zeal for censure, asuspicion that they were actuated niot rnerely by tlhe dislike of a particular law, but by a disposition to render the government itself unpopLilar and odious." This mneeting, in further prosecution of their plan; deputed three of their member-s to meet delegatels from the counties of Westmoreland, Fayette, and Allegheny, on the first Tuesday of September following, for the purpose of expressing the sense of the people of those counties, in an address to the Legislature of the United States, upon the subject of the excise law and other grievances." Here, for the first time, the coninection of the antaoonism to the excise witli other topics was broug,ht forward, and a political ch-aracter given to tlhe movement by a geineral assault upon the measures of the Federal Government. This assault assumed a yet more distinctive character at a subsequent meeting of the delegates, held at Pittsburgh upon the 7th of September, at which the salaries of the Federal officers, the interest paid upon tlhe national debt, th-e w'ant of distinection between the orioinal holders of t-hat clebt and those who had boug,ht it at a discount, and the creation of a United States Bank, were all denounced in common witb the tax on whisky. At these meetiings all was conducted with propriety; and the resolutions adopted gave no direct countenance to violence. And when did the leaders of a community, its legislators, judges, and clergy, ever express in any manner, however quiet, their utter disregard of law, without a coirresponding expression by the miasses, if uneducated, in acts of violence? It was not strange, therefor.e, that upon the day previous to the meeting last named the collector for the counties of Allegheny and Washington was attacked. One report says, "1 A party of iilen, armed and disguised, waylaid him at a place on Pigeon Creek, in Washington County, seized, tarred, and feathered him, cul; off his hair, and deprived him of his horse, obliging him to travel on foot a coinsiderable distance in that mortifyinu -and painful situation. "This case was brought before the District Court of Pennsylvania, out of which processes were issued ag,ainst John Robertson, John Hamilton, and Thomas McComb, three of the persons concerned in the outrage. "The serving of these processes was confided by the then marshal, Clement Biddle, to his deputy, Joseph Fox, who, in the month. of October, went into Allegheny County for the purpose of serving them. "The appearances and circumstances which Mr. Fox: observe'd himself in the course of his journey, an d learned afterward upon his arrival at Pittsburgh, had the effect of deterrinog him from the service of the processes, and unfortunately led bim to adopt the injudicious and fruitless expedient of sending them to the parties, by a private messenger? under covrer."' The deputy returned without havin-, succeeded in serving (or having served) the processes. He reported to the marshal a state of great ex:citement in the region he visited, ancl stated that he could not with safety have executed the processes. The inarshal reiteratecl these statements in his r'eport to the district attorney, and ex:piessed the belief that an attempt to execute his orders would have co.st Iiim his life. "The reality of the danger to the deputy was countenanced by the opinion. of General Neville, the Inspector of the Revenue, a man who before bad given, andl since has given, numerous proo00 of a steady and firm temper; and what followed is a further confirmation of it. "1 The person who had been sent with the processes was seized, whipped, tarred, and feathlered, and, after having his horse and moniey taken from him, was bliiidfolded and tied in the woods, in which conditioln he renlained for five hours." These initemperate expressions of their feelings by word and deed startled the -overnment allcd puzzled its ex:eoutive officers. It was deternmined, howe ver, to were remioved in 1809, by his son, Colonel Isaac Wayne, to Radnor churchyard, near the place of his birtli, where an elegant monument was erected to his memory Rby the Pennsylvania Cincinnati Society. At the May term of the Court of Oyer and Terminer and Jail Delivery (1793), aremarkable trial occurred, bein-, that of Captain Sam Brady, who had been indicted for murder, in kil-ling certain Indians near the mouth of Beaver Creek, in 1791. After afull investigation of the case, the gallant captain was acquitted. The noted Indian chief, Guyasutha, testified in this case in behalf of the prisoner. His testimony was very strong, and Brady's counsel, after the trial, expr-essed his surprise at his earnestness, whereupon the chief ex:claimed, striking his breast, 4'Am I not the friend of Brady?" "On the 22d of April, 1 794, the first act was-passed incorporating, the town of Pittsburgh into a borough. The bounds of the borough were as follows: Beginning at the point or con-fluence of the rivers Monongahela and Allegheny, and running up the beach of the Monongahela tliree courses and distances given, to Short Street, thirty-nine perches; to Grant Street- two hundred and seven perches; moutli of Suke's Run, forty-nine perches; thence north, thirty degrees east, one hundred and fifty perches, to a post in Andrew Watson's field; thence north, nineteeii degrees west, one hunidred and fifty perches, to the Allegheny River; thence do'wn the same, three hundred and fifteen perches, to the point of beginnin-."*, In July, 1794, a line, of mail-boats was established, to run from Wheeling to Limestone and back, oncee every two weeks. Froim Wheeling to Pittsburgh and back, the n-iails were to be carried on horseback. The mail-boats were twentyfour feet long, built like whale-boats, and steered with a rudder. They were manned by a steersman and four oarsmen to each boat. The men had each a musket and a supply of amm-unition, all of which were snugly secured fromn the weather in boxes alonoside their seats. The whole could be -protected in wet weather by a tarpaulin, which each boat carried.t This mode of conveying the mails was continued -until. 1798, and it is said that during all that time only one attack was made by the Indians upon the boats. It was during the first trip of the mail-boat from Wheeling that the troubles wbich had been for some time brewino, in consequence of the excise tax on distilled spirits, broke out in open hostility. CHAPTER XI. THE WHISKY INSURRECTION. WHIIE Nthe colonies emerged from the lonog contest with the mother-country thesT found themselves burdened with a heavy debt, and the troubles with the Indians addecl materially to the financial difficulties that bore so heavily upon the administration of Washington. A revenue sufficient not only to meet the current ex:penses of government, but to provide for the interest on the public debt ancl for the liquidation of the prin,cipal, was to be raisecl, and the leading men of the country set about the inauguration of a financial policy which should at the.samne time provide the necessary system for raising this revenue, and do it in the way and manner the least objectionable to the various elements composing the scattered population of the colonies. On the assembling of Co-ngress in 1790), it was determined, in compliance with the.recommendation of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, to levy a duty on foreign and domestic spirits; and a bill for the purpose was framed and introduced, at the suggestion of Alexander Hamilton, into the House of Representatives, and passed by that body in the beginning- of 1791. It iinposed a tax of from nine to twenity-five cents per gallon, according to strengthl, upon spirits distilled from grain. Inspection clistricts were created by the act, in each of which an inspector was appointed, whose duty it was to execuLte the provisions of the law. Distillers were bound to furnish every facility, including descriptions of their buildings and apparatus, and to allow their casks to be properly branded and gauged, and to pay the duty before removal from their premises. It was provided in the case of small establishments outside of towns and villages, that they might pay, in lieu of duties, an annual tax, according to the capacity of their stills. Immlediately after the passage of the law, a Spirit of opposition began to manifest itself in the West. The first important dlemonstration occulrred at Redstone -* Craig's History of Pittsburgh. j- Ibid.COU'NTY, PENNSYLVANIA. P.- 8 0 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY await the influence of tiine, thou(,ht, information, and leniency, and to attempt by a reconsideration of the law at the earliest possible moment to do away with any real cause of coniplaint wliiGh mig,ht exist. "But popular fury, once roused, is not sooti allayed. The worst passions of the same people who senit out the mui-derers of the Moravian Indians in 1782 had been excited, and excess followed excess. " Some time in October, 1791, all unlhappy marl by the name of Wilson, a stran-,er inl the country, and manifestly disordered ill his iiltellect, ima-,inin- hiiiiself to be a collector of the revenue or invested with some trust in relation to it, was so unlucky as to rriake inquiries concernling distillers who had entered theiil stills, ii^ out tllat he was to travel throu-,h the United States to ascertain and report to Congress the number- of stills, etc." This man was pursued by a party of men in disg,uise, taken out of his bed, and carried about five miles to a blacksinith-shop, stripped of his clothes, which were afterwards burnt, and, havTin- been hiimself inhumlanly burnt in several places with a heated ironl WclS tarred and feathered, and about daylight dismissed naked, wounded, and otherwise in a very sufferin-, condition. "These particulars are commnunicated in a letter from the inspector of the r evenue, of the 17th of November, who declares that he had hirnlself seen the unfortunate muaniac, the abuse of whon'l, as he expressed it, exceeded descriptiori, and was sufficient to make human niature shudder." The affair is the imore ex:traordinary, as persons of weight and consideration ill that County are understood to have been actors in it, and as the symptoms of insanity were during the wThole time of inflicting, the punishment apparent, the unhappy sufferer displaying the heroic fortitude of a man who conceived himself to be a martyr to the discharge of some important duty. " Not lonog after, a person by the namae of Roseberry underwent the humiliating punishment of tarringf and feathering,, with some aggravations, for having, in conversation hazarded the very natural and just, but unpalatable, remark that the inhabitants of that County could not reasonably expect protection from a goveirnment whose laws they so strenuously opposed. "1 The audacity of the perpetrators of these excesses was so great, that an armed banditti ventured to seize and carry off two persons who were witnesses against the rioters in the case of Wilson, in order to prevent their giving testimony of the riot in a court then sittino, or about to sit." Notwithstanding, the course of the Western people, the Federal Governmnent, durinog the session of 1791-92, proceeded in the discussion of the obnoxious statute; and uipon the Sth of May, 1792, passed anl amendatory act, raaking such chanoges as were calculated to allay the ail-ry feelin-s that had been excited, except so far as they were connected with political animosities, and which, in most districts, produced the intended results. "This abandonment the political anta-onists of the lawv by no means relished; still even they might have been subdued, but for the introduction at tl'lat very juncture of Mr. Genet's famous system of Democratic societies, which, like the Jacobin clubs of Paris, were to be a power-above the government. Genet reached the United States April 8. On the 18th of May he was preseinted to the President, and by the 3()th of that month the Democratic Society of Philadelphia was organlized. By means of this, its affiliated bodies, and others based upon it or suggested by it, the French Minister, his friends and imitator.s, wa-ed their war upon the administration, and gave new eneryto evr a wo nan irud, was dissatisfied with the laws of his country. "Amon-, those dissatisfied, the enernies of the excise were, of course, to be nuimbered; and there can be little or no doubt that to the agency of societies formed in the disaffected districts, after the plan of those founded by Genet, the renewed and excessive hostility of the Western people to the tax upon spirits is to be ascribed. "The proper Democratic societies, when., the crisis came, disapproved of the violence commnitted, and so did Gallatin and many others; but, however mucli they may have disliked an appeal to force, even from the outset, their rneasures, their extrava-,ances, and political failaticism were calculated to result in violence and nothin- else. Throu-h the year 1793 the law seemed gaining; -round; but in January, 1794, thl- demon was loosed again. "William Richmond, who had givein information a-,ainst somze of the rioters in the affair of Wilson, had his barin burnt, witli all the grain and hay which it contail'ied; and the same tbin-, happened to Robert Shawhah, a distiller, who had been amonz, the firsst to comply witli the law, and who had always spokzen favorably o-f it; but in neither of these instances (which happened in the Co-Li-ty of Allegheny), thoug,h the presuLmptions were violent, was ainy positive proof obtainled. "The inspector of the revenlue, in a letter of the 27thl of February, wvrites that he hacl receivecl information that personis livini near the dividlingc line betweeni Allegheny and Washington Counties hacl tl-lown out threats of tarr-in,r alidl feathcrin- one William Cochran, a complying distiller, ancl of burniDg his dlistillery and that it had also beeii given out that in tlhree weeks there would not be a house standing in Allegheny County of any person who bad coniplied with the laws. In. consequence of which he had been induced to pay a visit to several leadin-, indivTidLials in that quarter, as well to ascertain the truth of the information as to endeavor to avert the attempt to execute such threats. "It appeared afterwards that, on his retuirn homle, I-e had been pursued by a collection of disorderly persoiis, threateiiingl, as they went aloDg,vaengeance agaiDst him. On their way these mien called a-t the, house of James Kiddoe, who had recently complied with the laws, broke into his still-house, fired several balls un-der his still, and scattered fir-e over and about his house. "1 In May and June new violences were comimitted. James Kiddoe, the person above mentioned, aiid William Cochran another complyiin- distiller, met with repeated inijury to their property. Kiddoe had parts of Iiis -rist-mill, at differe-nt timess, carried away, and Cochran suffered more imaterial injury. His still was destroyed, Ihis saw-mill rendered useless by the takilng away of the saw, and Iiis,yrist-mill so iDjured as to require to be repaired at considerable expense. "At the last visit a note ill writinog was left, req-Luirin- hirn to publishl what he suffered in the Pittsburgh Gazette, onl pain of another visit, in whiich be is threatened, in figurative but intelli,ible terms, with the destruction of his property by fire. Thus addint, to the profligacy of doing wanton injuries to a fello'w-citizen, the tyranny of compellin-, hiim to be thle publisher of his wrongs. "Junie being the 1-nonth for receiving annual entries of stills, endeavors were used to open officeSs in] Westmoreland and Washington Counties, wliere it had hither to been found impracticable. WVith much pains and difficulty places were procured for the purpose. That in Westinoreland was repeatedly attacked in the night by. armed men, who frequently fired upon it; but, according to a report which has been made to this department, it was defended with so much courage and perseverance by John Wells, an auxiliary officer, and Philip Ragan, the owne r of th os,as to have been maintained duriing the remainder of the monith. "That in Washington County, after repeated attempts, was suppressed. The first attempt was confined to pulling down the bSign of the office, aind threats of future destruction; the second effected the object in the follow'ing mode: About twelve persoris, armed, and painted black, in the night of the 6th of June, broke into the bouse of John Lynn, where the office was kept, and, after liaving treacherously seduced him to come down-stairs and put himself into their power by a promlise of safety to himself and his hoiise, they seized and tied bim, threatening to hang him,and took him to a retired spot in a neighboring wood, and there, after cuttinog off his hair, tarrin-, anid featheri'n-, him, swore him never again to allow the use of his house for an office, iiever to disclose their names, and iiever again to have any sort of ag,ency in aid of the excise; havin^, done wbich they bouind himn naked, to a tree, and left him in that situation till morning, wheii he succeeded in extricatiii- himnself. Not content with this, the malcontents some days after made hlilu another visit, pulled down part. of his house, a-nd put him in a situation to be obliged to become an exile from his own bomie and to find an asylurn elsewhere." Even these acts, however, were followed by nothing on the part of the government miore stringent than the institution, in the JuLne following, of several suits against the rioters, and also against the non-com-plying distilleries, to serve przocess in which the Marshal of the United States himself visited the West. This led-to the catastrophe. These suits were in the United States Court;, wbich sat east of thle mountaiiis, where the accused imust of course be tried. But the seizure of offeiders to be tried out of their own neighlborhood was opposed to the feelilngs of the Americans, and to the principles of that English law upoin which they had relied through the discussions which preceded the Revolution. The. Federal Government, it was said, in taking men to Philadelphia to be tried, for. alleoged misdemeanors, was doing what the British did in carr ing Americans. beyond the sea. Thein was showin the power of those societies to which reference bas been made.. In February, 1794, a society had been formied at Mingo Creek, consisting of the. militia of that ineighborhood, the same persons who led in all future excesses. In April, a seecond association of the same character, and a reoular Democratic. club, was forilled in the troublesome district. In the latter nothing wTas'done in rela-tion to the excise, so far as is known; but in the two first-named bodies there is reason to believe that the worst spirit of the French clubs was naturalized, the excise aiid the governmnent thoroug:h1v canvassed, and rebellion, disunion, and bloodshed, sooner or} later, macle famtiliar to the minds of all. It may reaclily be understood tlhat, under such circumstances, great e:xcitement, was likely to prevail UpOll slight provocation. Notwithstanding, the marshal for the State, David Lennox, was sufferedl to serve Lis wi-its unresisted until, wheni hei wTeiit with thle last proeess in his liands, lie urlwiFsely tookt with biin the inlspector of' the County, General John Neville, a man onlce very popular, bult wbo had become odious to the misguided people on account of the faithful perfori-iianceCOUNTY, PENN5SYLVANIA. 0-9 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY whichi Major Kirkpatrick peremptori'ly refused; considering it and represenltin-g it to them as a proof of a design to destroy the property. This refusal put an end to the parley. "A brisk firing then ensued between the insurgents and those in the house, which, it is said, labsted for nearly an hour, till the assailants, havin- set fire to the neighboring and adjacent building,s, eight in number, the intenseness of the heat, and the danger of an immediate comniunication of the fire to the house, obliged Major Kirkpatrick and bis small party to corne out and surrender themselves. In the course of the fiiring, Major James McFarlane, the leader of the assailants, was killed, and several wounded. Three persons in the house were also wounded. "1 The dwelling-house, after thle sui-render, shared the fate of the other buildings, the wbole of which were consumed to the ground. The loss of pi-operty to the inspector, upon this occasion, is estimated, and, as it is believed, with great moderation), at iiot- less than tbree tbousand pounds, or ten thousand dollars. " The marshal and Colonel Presley Neville, who came up just after the SUI'reDder, together'with Major Craig, and Ensign Sample, were mnade prisoners. All except the marshal and Colonel Neville soon mlade their escape; but these were carried off some distance from the place where the affray had bappened, and detained till onie o'clock the next morniDng. "1In the course of their detentioD, the marshal,;in particular, suffered very severe and humiliating t;reatiment, aind was frequently in imiuineint danger of his life. Several of the party frequently presented their pieces at him with every appearance of a design to assassinate, from which they were with difficulty restrained by the efforts of a few more humane and more prudent. "Nor could be obtain safety nor liberty but upon the condition of a promise, guaranteed by Colonel Neville, that he would serve no other process on the west side of the Allegheny Mountains. The alternative beiDng imlmediat~ death, extorted from the marshal a compliance witli tlhe conditions, notwitlistanding the just sense of official dignity and the firmness of character which were witnessed by bis conduct throughout the trying scenes he Ihad experienced. *' The insurgents on the 18th sent a deputation of two of their number (one a Justice of the Peace) to Pittsburgh, to require of the marshal a surrender of the processes in his possession, intimating that his compliance would satisfy the people and add to his safety; and also to demand of General Neville, in peremptory terms, the resignation of his office, threatenin-, in case of refusal, to attack the place and take him by force,-demaDds which both these officers did not hesitate to reject, as alike incompatible with their honor and their duty. "1 As it was well ascertained that no protection was to be expected from the magistrates or inhabitants of Pittsburgh, it became necessary to the safety both of the inspector and marshal to quit that place; aDd, as it was known that all the usual routes to Philadelphia were beset by the insurgents, they concluded to descend the Ohio, and proceed by a circuitous route to the seat of government, which they began to put in execution on the night of the 19th of July. They descended the Ohio as far as Marietta, and thence set out by land for Philadelphia, the ureater part of the way throu-1-i a wilderness." The niext importanat movement appears to bave been a public meeting held at Mingo Creek on the 23d of July. At this nieet-in, Bradford, afterwards the leader of the insurgents, Marshall, and Brackenridge were present; the latter of whom wrote up a narrative of the proceedings. Bradford was for mnakiD g comImon cause with the rioters; Brackenridge was opposed to this course, and suggested that they might possibly act as mediators. Some of the more violeiit determined upon steps which would entirely close the way to reconciliation with th oenment: thywr,fst the robbery of the mail, by which they expected to learn who were their principal opponents; next, the expulsion from the countrzy of those thus made known; aind, lastly, the seizure of the United States arms and ammunition at Pittsburuli. Bradford was the leadiDg man in advocat-ing these desperate measures. Thlis meeting agreed upon a general convention, to be held on the 14th of August, at Parkinson's Ferry, now Williamsport, on the Monongrahela River. The first step, that of robbing the mails, was successfully carried out under the direction of Bradford, a few days after the meetin-, at Mingo Creek, July 26, by which it was ascertained that General John Gibson, Colonel Presley Neville, and three otbers, were found to have written letters in relation to the late proceedinrS. WithouLt waiting, for the proposed convention, a circular, signecl by Bradford, Marshall, and four or five others, wvas addressed to the officers of the militia of the westerii counties, statinog that, by- the interceptio)n of the niail, imiportant secrets lhad beenl discovered, wbich made it necessary to expross their seritiiiieyits by actions. The officers were called upon to mnuster as niany volunteers as tlley could, to assenible on the lst of August, at Braddock's Field, with arms and accoultrements, and four days' provisionls. The rifled imail was sent back to Pittsburgb, and the inliabitanits were rectuestedI of what he regarded as his duty, in, the attempt to execute the law. After serving this process, the marshal and inspector were followed by a crowd and a gun was fired, thouoh witliout doing any injury. The marshal returned to Pittsburgh, and the inspector to his own house; but it being- noised abroad that both were at General Neville's, a numnber of militiamen, who were gathered under the United States law, agreed the next morining to pay the inspector a visit. We insert the following descriptioin of General Neville's location, from Mr. Craig's " History of Pittsburgh." The reader will bear in mind that it was written about 1850: "The traveler who is goinog from Pittsburgh to Washington by the turnpike road, at about eiglit miles fromn the former place passes by the house of Mr. John Wrenshall, the present owner of a portion of that beautiful tiract of land formerly known as Woodville. If, when he is just in front of the house on tlhat place, he turns his back upon it and looks over a bea-utiful, fertile bottom between bimn and Chartier's Creek, and up a gently-rising ground beyoind the creek, be will overlook a fine tract of land formerly called Bower Hill. On this tract was situated the mansion house of John Neville. The Woodville farm was owned aind occupied by Presley Neville, the son of John. Between the two resideiiees and up the risin- ground a broad avenue was cut through the intervening forest, by, which comnmuiiicatioii could be had by signals, and often were invitations to mneet company or other niessages sent through that vista." For some time Neville had been loolkinu for an attack, knowing his unpopularity, and had armed his ne-,roes and barricaded his windows. An attack upon bis house, with a view to the destruction o-f his papers, had probably been in, contemplation, and those who gathered on the 16th of July were determined to carry the proposed destruction into effect. When General Neville discovered the party on that morning around his door, he asked t-heir business, and, upon receiving an evasive reply, proceeded at once to treat them as enemies jshut bis door aC,ain and opened fire, by which six of the assailants were wouiided, one of them mnortally. This, of course, added o,reatly to the anger and excitement -previously existing; news of the bloodshed was diffused tlirou-,i the Mingo Creek neighborhood, and before nightfall steps. were taken to avenge the sufferers. "Apprehending," says Hamilton, "1 that the business would not terminate here, General Neville made application by letter to the judges, generals of militia, and sheriff of the County for protection. " A reply to his application from John Wilkins, Jr., and John Gibson, mnagistrates and militia officers, informned bim that the laws could not be executed so as to afford bim the protection to which he was entitled, owing to the too general combination of the people in that part of Pennsylvania to oppose the revenue law; adding, that they would take every step in their power to brinog the rioters to justice, and would be glad to receive inforimation of the individuals concerned in the att-ack upon his house, that proSecUtiOinS might be commenced against therm; and expressing their sorrow that, should the posse comitatus of the County be ordered out in support of the civil authority, very few could be gotten that were inot of the party of the rioters. "The day following the insurgents reassenibled with a considerable augmentation of naumbers, amounting, as has been computed, to at least five hundred; and on the 17th of July renewed their attack upon the house of the inspector, who, in the interval, had taken the precaution of calling to his aid a sniall detachment of eleven meD, who were furnished by Major Thomas Butler, then in com-,mand of Fort Pitt. Tlle soldiers were joinied by Major Abraham Kirkpatrick, whose wife was a sister-in-law of the inspector. "1 There being scarcely a prospect of effectual defense against so large a body as then appeared, and as the inspector had everything to appreheind for his person, if taken, it was jud-ed advisable that he sho'uld withdraw froni the, house to a place of concealment, Major Kirkpatrick generously agreeinlg to remaini with the eleven men, in the inteintion, if practicable, of making a capitulationi in favor of the property; if not, to defend it as lonog as possible." Thle assailants had appointed a conimittee of three, who were to direcet operations; and they bad chosen as military commander one McFarlane, formerly a lieutenant in the Continental service. A parley took place under cover of a flag, wbich was sent by the insurgents to demand that the inspector should comue forth, renounce bis office, and stipulate never afain to accept ani offic'e under the saime laws. To this it was replied, that the inspector had left the house upon their first a-pproach, and that th-e place to whicli he had retired was unkilown. They then declared that they must have whatever related to his office. They were answered that they miligt send persoins, inot exceeding six, to searcli the house and take away wbatever papeirs they coulcl find appertalining -to the office. But, Dot satisfied with tlhis, they insisted, unconditionally, that the armed mlen who were in the house for its defense should muarch out and grouiad their arxius,and after various letters hacl passed, anid a secoind comumittee, of conference had a(,reed that it wouLld be wise to adopt the termis offeied by the government, the quLestion was referred to the people themlselves, who were to sign their narnes to pledges prepared for the purpose, by which pledges they bound themselves to obey the law and help its operation; or, if unwilling to do this, they were to refuse distinctly to sign any such- promnise. This trial of popular sentiment was to take place on the I lth of September, in the presenc e of persons who had been at the Parlkinson's Ferry meeting, or of magistrates, and the result of the vote was to be by them certified to the Commissioners. It would have been well to have giveii a longer time, that the good dispositions of tlhe leaders might have had a-n opportunity of spreading amiong the people, but as the President in his proclamnation had required a dispersion by the Ist of September, it was thoug,ht impossible to wait. On the I lth a vote was taken, but it was very imperfect and unsatisfactory. In some portions of the country menl openly refused obedience to the law; in some they were silent; in some they merely voted by ballot for anld against subinission; and, upon the whole, gave so little proof of a disposition to suppor't the legal oficers, that the judges of the vote did not feel willing to give certificates that offices of inspection could be safely established in the several counities; aiid the Commissioners were f'oreed to return to Philadelphia without halvinog accomplishecl their objects. On the 24th of September they rXeportedl tlheir proceedings and fail-Lre to the President, who, upon the 25th, called the militia of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia into the field, under the comrnand of Henry Lee, Governor of Virginia. The number called out is variously stated at from thirteen t;housand to fifteen thousand men. When it was found tl-iat a formidable. army was on its way towards the scene of dlist-Lrbance, the insurgents began to take a sober look at the situation, and the leaders, or the majority of th-em, soon concluded that a continued defiance of the authority of the whole United States would speedily bring destruiction upon them, and they wisely set about means of conciliation. A convention was called at Parkinson's Ferry, at which resolutions couinseling submission were passed, and two messengers, Findlay and Reddick, were dispatched to coiivey the resolutions to the President, and, if possible, stay the march of the army. The advance, five orb six thousand strong, was met at Carlisle. The President received the messengers, and treated them very kindly, but did not see fit to stop the movements of the troops. They therefore hastened back to procure more unequivocal assuranices, which they were to transmit to Bedf-ord, where Washington was to meet the right wving after inspecting the left. The Parkinson's Ferry Convention inet again for the third time, when strong resolutions were passed, declaring the competency of the civil authorities to enforce the laws, recomimending all delinquents, who had not already secured an indeninity, to surrender for trial, and expressing the conviction that offices might be opened with safety, and that the excise duties would be paid. Findlay hastened back, buLt the President had returned to Philadelphia, leaving Hamilton to act in his place. The second embassy did not stay the march, and the troops crossed the Alleghenies in a heavy rain, making the roads almost impassable, and causing a great deal of suffering in the army. The two wings formned a junction at Uniontown, and as they advanced inlto the disaffected counties the re-establishment of the law becauae complete. At Parkinson's Ferry Governor Lee islsued a proclamation, offering amnesty to all who were entitled to it, aild calling upon all the inhabitants to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. Bradford and a few of the prominent leaders fled to the Spanish dominions' beyond the Mississippi, othaers secreted themaselves in the remote settlements. A few arrests were ma-de, but the greater part were afterwards acquitted. The army marched quietly into and took possession of Fort Pitt and the town. A strong force of some two thousand five hundred men wcas left through the winter', under commaild of General Daniel Morgan. The remainder of the army returned to their homes. The total cost of suppressing the incipient rebellion is given in the " Western Aniials'' at six hundred and sixty-nine thousand nine hun'dred and niiiety-two dollars anid thirty-four ceints. The foregoing accouLnt of the excise troubles in Western Pennsylvania is taken niostly from a work entitled "1 Annals of the West," compiled by a very thorough and reliable writer. It is unclerstood to be mainly the account written by Hon. Alexander Hamilton. There have been several accounts of this "1 Rebellion" written} each from a different stanid-point, and varying somewhat in minor matters aiid details, but substantially agreeing as to important facts. Hon. James Veech has also written an account of these troubles within the past few months, b'ut we have not seenl a copy in seaso:n for our work. It is a chaptei. of Iiistory which veiry few are iiiterested in at this time, but is, nievertlieless, a part of the history of Allegheny County, and as such we have givenl a synopsis of the more importanlt portionls of it. to expel the obnoxious parties, wbich, through fear of the insurgents, they did, t;hough very reluctantly The third project, tlhat of capturin, the Unlited States arms and mlunitions at Pittsburgh, was not so s-uccessful. The summons to the militia, though it had Dot more than three davs to circulate, is said to have brought togyether seven thousand ariiied imen. Many probably assembled from curiosity, and others, amongr whom was Ross, the United States Senator, lioped to act as mediators. But the surprising promptitude witb which the summons was obeyed, and the great number present, undoubtedly greatly encouraged and emb'oldened the leaders. Colonel Cook was chosen President of the assembly, and Albert Gallatin Secretary. Bradford aSssumned the character of Major-General, and reviewed the troops. A commlittee resolved that two mnore citizens of Pittsburgh should be expelled. The army then marched to Pittsburgh, aind, after receiving, refreshmlents, which the terrified people hastened to set before themn, they abandoned the idea of attacking the fortifications, and the greater part dispersed. We give the following letter from Major Craig to General Knox, which may possibly acco-unt for the abandonment o f the design upon Fort Pitt: "1 On the lst inst., a numiiierous body of armed imen assembled at Braddock's Field, and conitinuLed there until yesterday, their inumber increasing, it is said, to four tlhouLsancl five hundred, being joined by a number of the inhabitaiits of Pittsburgh, and comlmenced their march about nine o'clock, as it was confidently reported, witlh a design of attackin-, the fort. But some of the leaders beinog informed that every possible means hacl been taken for its defense, they prudently concluded to postpone the attack, and sent a flag to inform the commandant that they intelndecl to march peacea-bly by the fort into Pittsburgh, Cl'OSS the Monongahela, ancl return home. Major Butler intimated to the flag-bearer tllat their peaceable intentions woulcl be best manifested by passing the fort at a proper clistance; thl-ey, therefore, took anotlier road into town.* "WNhen a knowledue of the attack on Neville's house, and the subsequelnt proceedin,s, reaclied the Federal Government, it was thought to be timne to take decided stepls. On the 5thi of August, Hamilton laid the whole matter before the President; Judge Wilson, of the Supreme Court, having, on the 4th, certifiedthe western counties to be in a state of insurrection; aind upon the 7th Washington issuLed his proclamation, giving notice that every means in his power would be used to put down the rebellion." As it was his wish, however, and also that of Goverilor Mifflin, of Peniisylvanlia, that no pains should be spa'red to prevent a recourse to arms, Commissioners were appointed, three by the United States and two by tlhe State, to visit the West, and try to procure the abaiidonment of the insurrection without bloodshed. The Commissioners on the part of the United States were James Ross, a Senator in Congress, and a gentleman very popular in Western Pennsylvania; Jasper Yeates, an Associate Judge of the Supreme Couit of thaat State; and William Bradford, the Attorney-General of the United. States. Those on the part of Pennsylvania were Thomas McKean, Chief Justice of the State, and General William Irvine, a Representative in Congress. Simultaneously with this appointment Governor Mifflin issued two proclamations, oine calling the Legislature together, the otlier requiring the rioters to submit, and anlnouncing, bis determination to obey the President's call for militia. "WVhen these messengeras reached the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, the meeting at Parkinson's Ferry was in session, and Gallatin and others were trying to prevent matters from becoming worse than they really were. This mneeting,, upon receiving notice of the approach of the Commissioners, agreed to send a commnittee of conference, consisting of delegates from the counties of Westmoreland, Allegheny, Fayette, and Washington, in Pennsylvania, and from Ohio County, in Virginia, to treat with them, and at the same time named a standing commnittee, one from eachi township, makinu sixty] in number, to whom the formner were to report, and who were authorized to call a new mneetingf of deputies, or recall the old oiies, in order to accept or reject the terms offered on the part of'the government." On the 21 st of August the Comnmissioners and coi-nmittee of conference met, and, after somne dliscussion, agreed upon terios which the representatives of the ins-Lrgents thoiuglit their co nstit-uents would do well to accept. They were then submitted to the standin-, committee; but in that body so much fear and mutual distrust prevailed, as to lead to a mere recommen datioin to the people.to accept the terins offered, by a vote of thirty-four to twenty-three, while the committee them~selves failed to give the pledges which had been requirecl of them. This state of thint,s, and the knowledge of the fact that even the recomimendatioin was obtained only by shielding the voters through a vote by ballot, provedl to the ag,ents for the government that little was yet done towards tranlquillizin- the country. All the comnmitteemen ancl leaders were iti dreaclof popular violence, HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNsSYLVANIA. 60 t " Yates," by Craig..Craig's History of Pittsburgh.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUiNTY, PENNSYLVAN5IA. C) I "Another incident, illustrative of tho nmaterial of thlis companly is pardonacble here. The personl narrating it says, I I had been in attendance on Captain Butler, lying sick in one of the block-houses of Fort Meigs during its siege, and starting out one morning to procure some breakfast, saw Sergeant Trovillo cooking coffee over some coals. I told him my errand, and he tolcl me to wait a few minutes and he wouLld divide his co:ffee with me. I took a seat, and in a moment or two afterwards heard the peculiar singing of an Indian rifle-ball, that entered the ground a sbort distance from where we were sitting. " Hurrah!" says I; " Sergeant, what does that mnean?" He poinlted to a tree at a considerable distance from the pickets, where I observed an Indian perched on one of the brancbes. He said, with great good humor, " That rascal, George, has been firing at me ever siiice I commenced cooking my breakfast." I swallowed my tin cup of coffee pretty expeditiously,-during which, howev'er, I think he fired once or twice,-and told Trovillo I was not going to remain a target for the yellow-skins."' The Blues had fift-y-three mnen on the rolls. Pittsburgh also furDisbed another company for th-e war of 1812, commanded by Captain Jeremiah Ferree, and consisting of sixty men. WTe have not been able to get any history of the company during the war. It would appear, from an account published in "1 A,nnals of the West," that Captain Heald, after his return from captivity, subsequent to t-he Chicago massacre, in August, 1812, visited Pittsburgh, where h-e wrote a dispatch, givinog an account of the massacre, togetlher with bis joulrneyings after his capture, his treatment at Mackinaw, Detroit, etc., by the British', who gave him a parole and sent bim into the American lines, via Buffalo. This letter or dispatch was wfritten October 23, 1812. A brigade of militia was raised in Western Pennsylvania for service under General Harrison. -They rendezvoused at Pittsburgh, ulnder the commaind of General Crooks, October 2, 1812. Fromn theince they mnarched to Upper Sandusky, where they constructed a system of fortifications. At this poinlt they were joined by a brigade of Virginia militia, commanded by General Leftwich.:From Upper Sandusky they proceeded to tl-ie rapids of the Maumee, where they continued until their term of service had expir ed. The fore part of the season of 1813 was busily employed by Commodore Perry in getting ready a fleet at Presq' Isle (now Erie), to meet thae British fleet on Lake Erie upon equal terms. The timber was cut from the forest, and all the riggint, and cordage was furnished by Pittsburgh manufactuirers, Messrs. John Irwin and Boyle Irwin, who carried on the rope-making bUSiDess.1: The Allegheny River conitinued at a good,boating stage unitil AuguKst, so that the manufactured rigging was proniptly conveyed to Erie, enabling Perry to fit out his fleet in time for the great naval battle which occurred September 10, 1813, and resulted in the capture of the whole British fleet, after one of the most stubbornly contested naval actions on record. The first steamer on the Western rivers was launch-ed at Pittsburgh in Marchi, 1811. She was called the "New Orleans." Her length of keel was one bundred and thirty-eight feet, and she was of about four lhundred tons measurement. She made ber first voyage down the river late in the season of 1811, and took a cargo and passengers from Natchez to New Orleans in December. The business of steamboat building has been profitably cointinued at Pittsburgh ever since. During General Jackson's operations in the south in 1814-15, the steamboat "Enterprise," said to I-ave been the fourth to navigate the Western waters, took a cargo of heavy guns and munitions of war from Pittsburgh to New Orleans iD time to materially.aid General Jackson's operations, which culminated in the total defeat of the British army, January 8, 1815. Improvements in means of transportatiol'i bave always been eagerly sought after, and the people of Allegheny County bave not been backward in their interest in this direction. As early as 1805 a stage line was started from Pittsburgh to Chambersburg, and in the beginning of May, 1806, an advertiscinzent of the Commissioners for the construction of a turnpike road, from Pittsburgh to Harrisburg, appeared in the Pittsburgh papers. In 181 8-20 the first two bridges were erected over the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.~ In 1826 the Pennsylvania Canal was commenced, and finished in 1829, the first canal-boat arriving at Pittsburgh November 10. In Februarv, 1832, occurred the great flood in the Ohio River, at that time the highest rise of the waters ever known. The " Monongahela Navigation Company" was chartered by act of Assembly March 31,1836. The preliminary survey was made in the summer of 1838, and the first two locks and dams were put in successffil operation in 1839. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad was coimnenced in 1848, and opened to Pittsburgh in 1852. CH A PT ER X II. ALLEGHENY COUNTY SINCE, THE YEAR 1800-WAR OF 1812- MEXICAN WAR-REBELLION. THE written history of Allegheny County, subsequent to the great Whisky Rebellion, is exceedingly meagre; in fact, about all that can be obtained is fou-nd in the musty volumes of old newspapers, and a few antiquated Pittsburgh Directories. No one has ever taken any pains to preserve on paper ainy accouLnt of this region, so rich in early history, subsequent to the date spoken of. Mr. Neville B. Craig has recorded a few interesting incidents, extending from 1796 to about 1850, in his valuable " History of Pittsburgh." Going back a little, we find in Craig's History an account of several vessels being built at Pittsburgh as early as 1798. On the 19th of May of that year, a galley, the " President Adams,"' was launched, and on the Sth of June following, General Wilkinson, commander-in-chief of the United States army, embarked on board of her for a visit to posts down the river. On the 27th of July, Major Craig speaks of the galley " Senator Ross" being ready to launch, but regretted there was not water enough in the Ohio to float her. -In Decernber of the same year the rivers were twelve inches lower than ever before known, and the " Senator Ross" was not launched until the spring of 1799. These vessels were built for the United States Government, in anticipation of war with France, and were destined for service on the Mississippi and in the Gulf of Mexico. The war which was finally declared was, happily, of short duration. On the 19th of June, 1812, war was declared aoainst Great Britain by the United States. Pittsburgh was early in the field with a gallant body of citizen soldiery. The Pittsburgh Blues, under command of Captain James R. Butler, joined Harrison's army early in the season of 1812, and we find them attached to the command of Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Campbell, of the Nineteenth United States Regiment of Infantry, who, under General Harrison's orders, led a column of six hundred men from the general's headquarters at Franklinton, late in the autumn of 1812, against the Indian towns on the Mississinewa River, a branch of the Wabash. Several Indian towns were destroyed, a few warriors killed, and forty or fifty prisoners taken about the middle of Decemnber; ancl oni the 18th a severe battle was fought with the savages, in which the loss of the troops was twelve killed and thirty wounded. The battle began before daylight, and was desperately cont~ested until a furious charge'of the dragoons and the Pittsburgh Blues completely routed them with great slaughter and decided the contest. In this expedition the troops suffered severely, no less than one hundred and eighty men being frost-bitten. In this camnpaign the following-named soldiers were killed or wouLnded in the Blues: John Francis Lousong, killed; Samuel Elliott, Isaac Reed, Joseph Dodd, and Isaac Chess, wounded. Of the wounded, Joseph Dodd died on the 16th of June following. The company was with Harrison during the memorable siege of Fort Meigs, on the Maumee, in May, 1813, and lost William Richardson and James Newman, killed May 5, and Oliver McKee, also killed, May 28. Sergeants Isaac Williams and John Willock, and privates Daniel C. Boss, Thomas Dobbins, and Charles Wahrendorf were wounded. It appears also from Mr. Thurston's work that the Blues were a portion of the force with which Major Croghan so valiantly defended Fort Stevenson at Lower Sandusky, July 31,, 1813. We quote from Thurston: "Of the services of the Pittsburgh Blues at this brilliant defense, there is record'ed that the enemy concentrating the fire of all their guLns on the nortbwest angle of the fort, Major Croghan supposed that when the British attempted to stormn the fort the attack would be at that angole. Seeing this, he ordered Sergeant Weaver a-nd six privates of the Pittsburgh Blues to place there bags of sand and flour. This was done so effectuallv that the anogle received no material injury from the enemny's guns. Major Crog,han had but one cannon in the fort--a six-pounder. This he placed in such a position as to rake the ditch in.case -the enemy' attempted to scale the walls at that point. This only cannon was given in charge of Sergeant Weaver and his six men to handle. "When, late in the evening of the 2d of August, the British storming column attacked the fort, Sergeant Weaver and his six Pittsburghers opened the masked port-hole, at which they stood around their six-pounder. and the piece wvas discharged at the assailants, then only thirty feet distant. Death and desolation filled the ditch, into which the attacking force bad leaped in their charge. Fiftymen were instantly killed and wounded, and the scaling column fled in dismay, nor did they renew the attack; and at three o'clock that night Proctor and his men retreated.::~ Annals of the West. # For full description, see articles "1 Monongahela Navigation Company" and "Bridges." 11 Ibid. t Ibid.. We take these names from the muster-rolls at Harrisburg.Ti I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 62 Durin^, -the Mexican war, which broke out in May, I S46, Pittsburgh and Allegheny County coiitributed libe'ally in'inen and m'terialls of, war to the national;army. Four full compaiiies were recruited here for the First, Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel F. M. Wynkoop, to wit: Company A, Captains William Charlton and Alexander Hayes; 106 men and officers. Company C, Captain William F. Small; 96 men and officers. Company K, Captain John Herron; 101 men and officers, and 17 recruits. Besides these there were two men in Company D, and three in Company G. In the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Wm. B. Roberts, there was one full company, I, Captain Robert Porter, witlh 92 men and officers; and, in addition, there were recruits sent as follows: to Company B, 11; to Company C, 2; to Company D, 17; to Company F, I (enlisted for full term); to Company H, 13; to Company L, 6; and to Company M, 16. The one belonging to Company F was James T. Sample, now of Sewickly, who enlisted December 21, 1846, and was discharged February 29, 1848.* Company K of the First Regiment was known as the "Duquesne Grays," and, according to Mr. Thurston, the " Pittsburgh Blues" were also in the field, tbougb the company is not known by that niame in the Adjutaint-General's office at Harrisburg. The samne authority states that the " Grays," with other troops, garrisoned the city of Puebla, under conimand of Colonel S. W. Black, where they susItained a siege by the Mexican:forces of several wefeks' duration. With the outbreak of the Rebellioni, Pittsburgh once more became the scene of ii-ilitary iiovements, a partaker in n-lilitary actioD, and an arseiial for the construction and supply of imunitions of war. During the eDtire period in wbich the contest was continued, Pittsburgh was the gateway throug,h wbichl passed the most of the troops in their movements from the West to the East, and the East. to the West. Early in the war a " Subsistence Committee" was established, for.the purpose of furnisbin- a meal to all troops passing, through the city. This subsisteince commzittee dined its first regiment on the 28th of July, 1861; and fron-i that period until the close of the war, by night as well as by day, no body of troops passed tbrou^,h the city without partakino, of a diinner, supper, bireakfast, or niidnight lunch, or at least without bein~g invitecl to. The imovem-ent was purely a voluntary one, and sustained by voluntary contiributions. It wvas dissolved in January, 1866. During the period of its organizatioin, there were fed four hundred and nine thousand s.even 1-uiidred and foirty-five soldiers, in additiOll to wbich seventy-niiie thousand four h-undred and sixty sick and wounded soldiers were nursed alnd provided for at the Soldiers' TI-oime. The announcement of the firing upoin Fort Sumter created at oncee a decided movement in Pittsburgh. A committee, called "The Committee of Public Safety of Allegheny County," was foriued, the executiw-e, comnilttee of whbich for several mont'hs was in coDstant session, day and nighit. The close proximaity of Pitts-.burogh to the border line of the seceding States necessarily brought her at once into the vortex of the active m-ovements of the hour, while her admirable supply of so niany of the crude materials from whence munitions of war are formi'ed, andI bey facilities for muanufactuyiD,- converted h-er workshops into so iia-ny divisions of a huge arseinal1, in wliich iiearly all the equipments of troops and iniplenments of offense and defense were made. For the entir e periocl of the war, Pittsburgh was literally a caiiip and an arsenal. Her foundries, her, rolling-mills, h-er taniieries, her harnesbs and saddle factories, lier" clotbino, mnanufactories, her w agon factories were all active in the production of'shot and shell, of hleavy guns, of armior-plates, of wagoDs, of artillery harness, and infanitry and cavalry accoutrements, and other munitioDs of warfare. But-few hours of the day or night were witlhout the passage of bodies of troops, aDd th-e roll of the druim was scarcely ever silent. Her streets were literally a wac6-path. While yet the clouds of the Rebellion were g:atherin- and mutteriii- with suppressed thunders in the South, and before the firing upon Fort Sumter,.one event mairked the teinper of the people of Pittsburgh, aiid so unded the key-note of the graiid byinn of loyalty that for five years after kept. sounding, clear and strong, under defeat as well as in success, through all the loyal States. A -few day7s previous to the 26th of Deceinber, 1860, an order came' from Floyd, the Secretary of War, to slhip on that day one hundred and fifty pieces of -cannoi, lying at the Allegheny, Arsenal, to New Orleans, under pretext that they were wanted for mounting on Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, on which some fortifications had been begun. The intellig,ence of this order got abroad and spread rapidly among- the people. The Dispatch of ]December 25, conmment;ing upon this news, said;"W\ill our people s-tbrllit to this? Our citizens of all parties as a-unit denounce tlhe movement, and prominent Democrats, leading Breckenridge men, have telegraphed to Washington to have the order revoked. The people of Allet,henly Co)unty shoulcl see t-hat the canllion purchased by the niational treasure are not conveyedl to the far Southi, and they n-eed niot barricade Penin and Liberty Streets to prevent it. Let them decide that'no'cannon shall be shipped till Charleston -Arsenal is iitposses.sion of the Federal Government, and Fort Moultrie ieiiifoi-ced, A ND NONE WILL BE. "Arrangements were n-iakin- on Moinday to have some of these guns taken to the wharf. We suppose some oine will tap the fire-bells on the route o n their ziiakilig their appearance oii Penn and Liberty Streets, that our people may witiess their removal." The commander of the " Silver Wave, on wbich steamboat the guns were to be shipped, was notified that if he took them on boa-rd his vessel she would never pass the limits of the barbor. Steps were taken to bave guns mounted opposite Brunot's Island, on the Allegheny sicle, to carry out this threat sbould the boat atten-ipt to pass. The commander of the arsenal was called upon by a committee airld requested' to desist from obeying tlhe order, onl the groun'd that it hiad its ori,in under circumstances which co-nteiiplated treasonable results. The officer in charge of the arsenal could only suggest that a rescindin- of the order be obtained from Washington. In the inean time an infornmal meetiDg had been beld oni the afternoon of the 25th, at the Mayor's office, to take action in the matter. Th-e tone of this meetinu is presen.ted in the following; extract, which we quote f'iom the D)lspatch of the 26th: "While theire is a very decidecl opposition -to any iinterference with th-e transportation. of tlhe guns to the river until. after we bave heard fronl Washington, l-ti-d all rem-oiistranee fails, it was eqtually as decided ag,ainst their removal from the city should the orders from Washington not be countermanded. The proposed removal of cannon from the arsenal Mwas the all-absorbing, topic of conversati()n (tha.t day); and, judgiDt "from the feelinu, almlost universally expressed, we do not doubt that the officers in command will meet with a determined resistance should they attempt to execute the order of the Secretary of War." Edwin M. Stanton hacl at this tinie become, as Attorney-General, a member of Buchanan's cabinet, anid to bim a committee of citizens applied to obtain a counterma(ldint, of the order. A dispatch was also sent to the President from influential citizens, stating, "1 We will not be responsible for the consequences if tlie order iS nOt couinterimanded." A public meeting was called for Thursday the 30th, to take action ini the matter aind bear the report of the coniiittee which had been appointed at the previou s meetiDnS. It was while this meeting was in "session that a d-etachment of troops, in chairge of a number of guns, moved from the arsenal to transport tllem to the wharf for shipment on the " Silver WVave." Mr. Stanton lhad replied that th-ere was lno knowledge of the order at the depairtment; but no reply bad yet been received Ifrom the govrernment to the telet,ram of the committee. A telegramn had just been reacl to the meeting, anDouncing that Major Anderson had witlidrawn from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, when the guins and their escort reached Liberty Street, near Wood. The ex:citemeiit becamne intense, and most determined expressions of intention to stop the farther prog,ress of the guns were mrade. The position was one of great mnoment. There was no doubt that the order of Floyd to ship the guns was given with the intention of haviDg this large amlouDt of ordnaiice pass into the hands of the rBebels. To allow the guns to be shipped was to furnish the avowed enemies of the Union with a valuable supply of artillery.. As yet, it was coinstrued, no overt act bad been committed by the South. To have, by force of arms, resisted a government officer in carryinig out tlhe order of the Secretary of War was, under the circum'stances, to organize armed resistance to the Federal Government. Although no proclamation on the part of the governnienlt declared that the South was in rebellion, yet all acts of the Southern States were so plainily evideinces of preconcerted rebellion that the public mind failed to draw the nice distinctions ofln,and looked upon the well-avowed intention as the fact. Presuming rebellion already existed, from the hostile position and acts of the South, it seeimed incredible that the governnient- should be sbipping cannon wbere they would be used against it, unless the government was allready part of th-e threatened rebellion. If it were, it was clear the guns miust not leave the city. If it were not, it was beyond doubt that treasonable motives were concealed in the order, wliich it was equally the duty of loyal citizens to apprehend. It was an hours of gyreat and painful uncertainty, callin- for coolness' and moderation. Throug,h the exertions of influential citizens the troops were halted on Wood Street, so that time miight be gained in wbich to obtain the commuLnication so mucli hoped for from the government. The liDe of guns and their escort exteinded filom Virgin Alley to Diamond Alley, Fifth Avenue beiing in the ecentre, at the upper end of wbich, less than nine, hundred feet distant, around the court-house, were gathered excited mlasses, determinled the guns slhould nlot leave the city, but restrainled from actual movements Fi or full list of names, see Rolls in another paprt of this work.HISTORY is the crystallization of past events. The best and most authentic works are those wherein the author confines himself strictly to a narration of facts gathered from authentic sources, and given in the simplest and plainest language, devoid of speculation, and without prejudice or bias in any direction, "a plain, unvarnished tale." No man can manufacture history. In other words, there is no such thing as creative power in an author; he is but a plagiarist at best. All history is made up, compiled, from statements of " others gone before," and the only claim a writer can have to originality is in his own peculiar construction of language, and the arrangement of the details of his work. He has simply " letters patent" on his design; the materials are the common property of mankind. All history, if properly written, is interesting; and there is not a country, or a city, or a hamlet,-nay, we might say, not a family or an individual on the globe, whose history might not be more or less valuable to posterity. From the ancient days, away back in the dim and shadowy past, when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence sufficient to enable them to transmit a traditionary or written account of themselves, all along down the teeming ages, our progenitors have left in various ways, and by different means, information, more or less mythical, of the age and generation in which they played their ephemeral part on the world's ever-changing theatre of action. It is graven in bronze on the wonderful works of the central nations of Africa, around those " dim fountains of the Nile;" the gray old pyramids in the valley of twenty thousand cities" are covered with the hieroglyphical language of the " shadowy past." The vast and mighty " palaces and piles stupendous," hoary with the dust of unknown centuries, that bewilder the traveler'mid Egypt's drifting sands, upon the plains of the Euphrates, and hidden away in the tiger-hunted jungles of the "farthest Ind," the gigantic ruins of Southern and Central America, under the snow-capped Cordilleras amid among the wondrous forests of Yucatan; the seamed and wriinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a powerful civilization scattered throughout the great valley of the Mississippi, all bear testimony of countless attempts to transmit knowledge to posterity. Attempts, if you please, to render their memory undying to win immmortality. Alas for human frailty! While a few fragments of ancient labor remain to warn us of to-day to build better and act more wisely, by far the greater portion has gone down to dark oblivion, buried forever beneath the debris of conquered and smitten nations; offered, a mighty holocaust, to the insatiate demon of war. Great cities and wondrous temples, costly monuments, and libraries of inestimable value, works of great scholars and grand masters, triumphs of science and art, have disappeared before the march and under the merciless torch of bigotry and superstition. Along the line of the world's history-the grand march of nations-there have been many salient points. Thebes, Babylon, Palmyra, Ephesus, Athens, Alexandria, Troy, Jerusalem, Mecca, Damascus, Rome Constantinople, Carthage, Venice, and a thousand other cities were famous in their day, and around them clustered and centred, for longer or shorter periods, the interests and hopes of millions of people. The written history of the American Continent dates back scarcely four centuries, yet within that comparatively short period its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her grand rivers and mighty inland seas, valuable additions to the world's stock of knowledge. Like the Eastern Continent, our own has its historic points,-its nuclei around which cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the story of martyrs, and the let,ends of a barbarous past. St. Augustine, Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Quebee, Montreal, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Detroit, are localities about which gather volumes of History. The advance of eivilization on the North American Continent has been more rapid than in any other portion of the globe; and, within the memory of living men, the fairest and richest portions have been wrested from the dominion of the wilderness and the savage, and changed into a highly-cultivated region, filled with a race of industrious and thriving people. Prominent among the localities rich in historic lore is the region around the head of the Ohio River. It early claimed the attention of two of the most powerful nations of Europe, whose pioneers and avant couriers were boldly pushing into the then unknown countries lying toward the " Great South Sea," eagerly looking for gold and precious stones, for fabled Eldorados, and fertile lands. The region having Pittsburgh for its central point, and extending over a radius of two hundred miles, is exceedingly prolific in a historical point of view. No other inland place, with the possible exception of Detroit, possesses such a vast amount of interest to the student of history; and it has been well said by a prominent gentleman of Allegheny County, that " the history of Pittsburgh is the history of all western Pennsylvania." Beginning with the vague traditions of the Lenape Indians, and tracing it down through the early days of French discovery and subsequent occupation; watching with eager eye the memorable campaigns of Washington, Braddock, Forbes, and Bouquet, the story becomes of absorbing interest, and the mind literally devours page after page in its eagerness to learn of the many wonderful men and still more wonderful deeds which have made this region famous throughout the world. Dim traditions, fragmentary legends, stories of bloody warfare, of disaster and defeat; essays, letters, and public documents, all bearing more or less upon the history of Pittsburgh and the surrounding country, are scattered here and there over the land; but no complete record, no consolidated volume, including all this various material, has ever been written or published. The best and perhaps the most authentic work ever issued upon the subject is the volume of Neville B. Craig, published some twenty-five (25) years ago, and entitled a "History of Pittsburgh." The author is certainly entitled to the gratitude of the public for rescuing thus much from oblivion. To collect and arrange in one volume these various fragments, this abundant material, and to give the cream of all the best authors who have treated the subject, together with all additional information it was possible to obtain, and present it in readable form, has been the object of the publishers of the present work. We know full well the task is not a light one; the contemplated work is by no means a holiday frolic. Hard, steady, close application and untiring energy are necessary to accomplish it, and we have approached the subject with the greatest diffidence not unmindful of our shortcomings, yet, at the same time, fully determined to do our best devoir, and trust a generous and discriminating public to do us justice, hoping and believing that our labors shall not have been wholly in vain. Competent authorities have been carefully consulted, especially upon the early history of the County. Among them we may mention " Gordon's Early History of Pennsylvania, " Craig's "Olden Time and History of Pittsburgh," Annals of the West," Patterson's History of the Backwoods," Lossing's and Sparks's " Lives of Washington," " Monongahela of Old," and others. The utmost pains has been taken to read thoroughly and compare carefully the various writers, and to sift out and reconcile discrepancies. for historians not unfrequently disagree upon minor points. The work of reading and comparing has been no ordinary one, and the difficulty has not been so much in collecting as in making a judicious and truthful use of the abundant material at hand. The traditions of the Indians, as given by Heekewelder and others, have been quoted quite extensively, as an important factor in the sum total of knowledge concerning this region; and the early discoveries of Marquette, La Salle, Hennepin, and other French adventurers in the valley of the Mississippi and the basin of the great lakes of the Northwest, have also demanded a large share of attention, as preliminary to the troubles which grew out of the conflicting claims of the French and English crowns, resulting in a contest for supremacy, opened on the very ground where the busy city of Pittsburgh stands, and in which not only all the contiguous region, but the entire French and English possessions in America, a large share of Europe, and immense regions in Asia and the islands of the sea, were interested and involved. INTRODUCTORYHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 63 Thomas-Bakewell,'Esq., and: Hon. Thomas M. Howe, were appointed to-prepare ati adldross. At the first organized meeting of the Committee of Public Safety, oil the 27th of April, Hon. Thomas M. Howe presented and read froni tlle sub-conimittee the following address, which he stated had been wi-itten by his colleague, Thomas Bakewell, Esq.: " TO THE. CITIZENS OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. F RIENDS AMD FELLOW-CITIZENS, An unexpected emergency has arisen. That Constitution formed by the wisdoni of our forefatbers, that liberty establisbed by their labors, that independence scaled aDd sanctioned by theiir life blood, are tiieriaced, not by the hostility of foreign enemiies, but by the reckless ambition of doiiiestic traitors and aspiring demag,ogues, who have long partaken of the blessings of our free government, and enijoyed their full propovtion of its emo)lunients and privileges. Their unhallowed passionis have plunged our beloved clountry into the borrors of -a civil war, anid have, in some measure, exposed our' homnes, our fiamilies7 and our firesides to the desecration and ruini of liostile incursions. Under these alarmiing eircumstanices, this coimm-ittee has been organized, not to vsuper-sede the action of ordinary tribuiials, not to interfere with the exercise of juLdicial power, but to aid the constituted authorities of our land in. the preservationi of the pu blic peace, the protection and SUPPOrt of those whose natural defenlders may be absent on the call of pati-iotic duty; and, if nieed be (which may God forbid), to report for judicial action all persons who, false to every diectate Iof duty and patriotism, miay secqtly contribute thlat aid and comfort to the' enemy which they will not dare pu'blicly to acknowledge.'Diversified CIS may be OUI' business avocations, our inational predilection, our relig,ious opinions, or our political sentimenits, on this momentous subject we addi ess you not cas farmers, or manufacturers, or merchants, or lawyers; not as Irishmen, or Germans; as Englishmen or Welshmen; not as Catholics or Protestants; not as Democrats or Republicans; but as citizens, as Americans and Pennsylvanians'ad ssc, we call upon you to unite as onae man in the support of those glorious- inStitUtioDeS under which our country has attained a growth and pr-osperity uniequaled in the past history of the world. "Let- your youn,, men advance to i-neet the tlhreatening invaders, your old citizens organize for thle defense of their domestic hearths. Let ample provision be inlade for the support of the families of those patriots who may leave home and'its pleasures for the stern duties of the tented field. Let a spirit of mutual forbearance, and ch-airity prevail. Losing sight of all nlinor differences in the great object of our counitry's salvation, and, above all, relyirifg on the justice of our cause, let us unite in the deterniination to transmiit to posterity the inestiniable blessing of liberty received from our ancestors. inl calm yet earnest dependence upoIn the supp:ort and alppiroval of Hiiii wbo rules the niations with bis rod, and without wbose notice not a slparrow falls to the ground." The hand that penned this admirable appeal has for years been dust. Living to see transmitted "1 to posterity the inestimable ble'ssing of liberty received from our ancestors," hle bore his sbare in the labors and sacrifices of the hour in the same spirit whlich prompted the words of the address. Among the recommendations acted upon at the first meeting, from;i a committee on org;anization of Home Guards, made in accordance witlh the sugesion contained in the address just quoted, the commilttee say, "1 It is piroposed t.hat this or,anization shall be the nuc'leus of future recruits for the'public service of the country."' Unlder this organization, by May 2, in less than three weeks' tirne, sixty-four compaDies were organized, averag,ing seventy (70) nmen each.- These were arm'ed with guns and equipments purchased by a fun'd contributed by the bailk's of the city, through the efforts of John Harper, Esq., President of the Bank of Pittsbur-gh, who was anl active mneffiber of tlle comrllittee for- the organization of the Home Guard. Mr. Harper was the custodian of the fund, and under his disbursenient the arms were purchased and distributed. It is wortby of re mairk, because at times uncalled-for jeers have been made at the Home Guard, that this body of nien proved j tist what the commnittee on its org,anization contemplated in tSheir re'co.li-en'dationl already quoted,'1 the nucleus of future recruits for the public service of the country.":" There was not one of the sixty-five companies that did not contribute largely of its meinbers, ali-eady well drilled in arrlis, fromn time to time, to the~ valrious conmpanies and reginments that under the several calls for troops ciitered active service; while uot.only regimental commanders, but able general officers as ~well, were furtliished fron'i this school of soldiers. On the 15th of April rec_ruiting-began, and o'n the 17th the Turner Rifles left for Harrisbturg fllowed'oii the 18th by four'other companies, anid by three More on the 20th. Oll'the 22d a, regiment the Twelfth-was organized from ten more comnpanies, and: a battalion form ed of eight other compaiiies ivhich, subselby the red tape of speece-is, committees on resolUtioDs, aDd'like delays. The.9ituationl was ilot unlilke that prior to the throwing overboard of the tea in Boston Harbor prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. Here at Pittsburgh the message had gone to Washington requesting the resceinding of the order for shipping the canrion. Awaiting the reply the citizens were gathered in public meeting, and their spealkers? by addresses, were holdincg them. Two squares distant the cannon, under guard of United States soldiers, were halted until that reply could be had. Happily, Edwin M. Stanton was the loyal, decided, prompt man he ever proved in all'the co'untry's em'ergencies, and such assurances came fromn him as enabled tlhe conimittee to so report as to allay -the excitement of the people, althou-,h the order countermanding the shipment did IlOt arrive for three or four days. - Those who had -co'mprehended the danger and eimbarrassment of the position, drew a long breath as the meeting quietly dispersed. The troops conveyed the cannon then in charge to the wharf; no more were hauled, and in a few days Floyd's order was countermanded. What would have beeni the result had the order not been revoked it is not necessary even to coinjecture; buit the day and the hour will not easily be forgotten by those who were instrumental in preventing a collisioni betweein government troops aind a loyal people, determined to prevent, even at the -risk appar'ent, a suicidal action on the part of the government. It was the first decided action anywhere in th'e country' ac,ainst the rebellion. It was the first decided expression of the loyal North. The movernent was in the hands of meni fully as patriotic and determined as Adams and his coadjutors, and the public feeling, while awaiting the countermanding of the order, was quite as intense as that which pervaded Faneuil Hall. The similarity of the situation is strongly apparent. It is in keeping here to mention that a company of forty Pittsburghers, un der the conimand of Captain Robert McDowell, who marched across the country from Harrisburg, were the first body of volunteer'soldiers to arrive at Washington. They reported to Mr. Stanton, then Secretary of War, for assignment to duty six days after the attack on Sumter. It is also proper here to mention what is known to but three or four persons, that the first Union victory was won witli ammunition furnishled from Pittsburgh, by the decision aiid nerve of two of her promine-nt citizens. A body of West Virginia troops, under Colonel Kelley, had been armed with muskets furnished by Governor Andrew, of MIassachusetts (?),.but were unsupplied wit1h powder or ball. With the ammuuition furnished them from Pittsburgh the battle of Philippi was fought and won, being the first success obtained by Union troops. The news of the firing upon Fort Sumter, as before stated, created a decided movement in Pittsburgh. An immtense mass meeting was held in the City Hall, on M-onday, April 15, IS61, at which the following resolutions, prepared by John W.Riddell, the City Solicitor, were read by Hon. Thomas J. Bigham, and unanimously adopted: "4 TYher eas, The National Governmnent is now seriously menaced by traitors in arms, who have defied its just authority, raised the standard of revolt, and by hostile acts of war disturbed the public tranquillity and endaiigered the public pealce; and " TVhereas, In an exigency like the present, it is the duty of all loyal and patriotic American citizens, casting aside the trammels of party, to aid the constituted authorities in maintaining inviolate the supremacy of the Constitution and the laws; therefore, -"Resolved, By the people of Allegheny County, in general mass meeting assembled, that we deem the present a fit occasioni to renew.our obligations of undyin-: fealty to that Government and that Union which we have been tau-ht to reffard and revere as tlhe palladium of our liberties at home and our honior abroad; and in their- defense and support, by whornsoever assailed, we wvill endeavor to prove ourselves worthy sons of patriotic sires. "Resolved, That we especially approve of the course of the Legislative and Executive branches of oiur State Government, in proniptly responding to the call of the President of the United States for men aiid m-eans to sustain and protect the National Government at this crisis in its history, and that Allegheny County will contribute her full quota of both to vindicate its autliority. "Resolved'That, discarding all political or partisan considerations in this hour of our country's danger, we mutually pledge to eacl-i other, as American citizens, for the conmmon. defense, our lives, our fortuines, and our'sacred honor. "Resolved, That a committee of one hundred citizerls be appoin-ted by the chair'as a Comniittee of Pulblic Safety, to see that the -patiriot cause receives no detritneit in tlhis region, and to coiivene the-people whenever ill their judg,ment suLch a step is necessary." The Coinmittee of Public Safety authlorized ill the last resolutiorl was a-ppoinlted and announced in a coulple of days tberea-fter; and a sub-conmiittee, consilsting. ofquently, with two others, formed the Thirteenth Regiment; being twenty-six full companies which, in less than ten days' time, responded to the call for troops. On the 24th, the Twelfth and Thirteenth Rlegiments left Pittsburgh for Camp Slifer, at Harrisburg, where the Pennsylvania troops were being rendezvoused previous to going to the front. It was not alone in fuirnishing troops for the battle-field, nor standing ready day and night to cheer with a welcome meal, served by Pittsburgh's fairest daughters, the passing soldier, -grim with the shock of battle and weary with his march, that Pittsburgh's patriotism kept step in the line of duty; her heart was away in the camp, reachingf to tlhe bivouac, sorrowing beside the painful couch, or grieving over the wounded on the battle-field. On the Ist of June, 1864, was opened the great Sanitary Fair, which for weeks was crowded by thousands on thousands of young and old, eager to contribute to the fuind to raise which the fair was projected. That effort was as glorious in its results as it was in its conception and the- object to which- its profits were to be devoted.' Like the story of " Pittsburgh's soldier boys," the details of the fair cannot be given in this volume; they must reinain for the time when some able mind gathers into narrative all that can be told of Pittsburgh during the Rebellion. The amount of moDey received from the fair was three hundred and sixtyone thousand five hundred and sixteen dollars and seventeen cents. A portion of this patriotic fund, unexpended durinog the war, was devoted to the endowment of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, in the Twelfth Ward of the city. The sum of two hundred and three thousand one hundred and -nineteen dollars and fiftyseven cents ($203,11.9.57) was handed over by the Board of Managpers of the Pittsburgh Sanitary Soldiers' Home, in cash and other articles, it being a stipulation of the gift that Pennsylvania soldiers, sick and innfirm, should always be admitted free of charge. It was also after the battle of Shiloh that tlhe great heart of Pittsburgh throbbed wit-h sympathy over the story of the wounded of that terrible day; nor rested until two well-appointed steamers sailed for Shiloh, earryin, some of Pittsburgh's,most manly hearts and skillful surgeons to tha't distant battle-field, to gather into those boats, under care of those surgeons and tender nurses, the wounded, and bring them to Pittsburgh for restoration to health. As the boats returned up the river, those of the wounded who desired it were left at cities and landings as near their bomes as possible. Fifty-four were brought to Pittsburgh, of whom ei-bht belonged to Iowa regiments, seventeen -to Illinois, seventeen to Michigan, three to Ohio, three to Missouri, two-who were prisoners of war-to Alabama,and three whose State or regiment was not recorded. Oths,eight died in the hospital; being two from Iowa, two from Illinois, and four from Michigan. Forty-two were regulairly discharged on recovery, and helped on their way witli tickets to their bomes. Sunday evening, June 14, 1863, began anotber specially noticeable episode in Pittsburgh's military record. On that eveining dispatches were received by MajorGeneral Brooks, then conmmanding the department of the Monongahela, from Secretary Stanton and Major-General Halleck, statinig that the city was in imminelnt danger from the rebel forces, and advising him that no time was to be lost in putting it in a state of defense. A nieeting of the more prominent manufacturers and other citizens was at once calIled by General Brooks, for consultation. It being Sunday evening, many of those whose advice was desired were at church, and were called out by special messengers. The meeting continued in session until a late hour. At midnight it was determined that the workshops should all be closecl, and the men employed throwing up earthworks around the city, unider charge of the government engineers, who had been sent from Washington to lay out the defenses. -This was done; and for two weeks Pittsburgh bore much the aspect of a beleaguered cilty. During that time thousands of men were busy constructinlg rifle-pits, and earthworks for heavy guns. From fifteen to sixteen tlhou'sand men were, at times laboring on the fortifications, which e:xtended froin Saw-mill Run, now ill the Thirty-sixth Ward of Pittsburgh, along the range of hills running up the south side of the Monongahela, to about opposite the Four-mile Run, in the Twenty-third Ward of Pittsburgh; across the city from the Monongahela to the Allegheny, and on the Allegheny side along the Ohio River. The day succeedin-, that Sunday-evenling mleeting, the following dispatch was received by Hon. Thomas M. Howe, then, and for som-e tirne previously, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General of the State of Pennsylvania: "HARRISBURG, June 15, 18653. 4(HON. T. M. HOWE: "The followilng received fromn Chambersburg, 8 P.m.; rnake it public and arouse the people: I Lieutenant Palmer, of Purnell's cavalry, bas jus-t coMae in; bad to fight his way through two miles this sicle of Greenicastle; reports enemy advancing in three columns,-one towards Waynesboro' and Gettysburg, one direct to Chambersburg, and one towards Mercersburg and Cove Mountain; not known wbetber In coilnectionl with this order, it is proper to mention that the entire baUndling anad movemeiits of the volunteer and clrafted troops of Western Pennsylvanlia, in their prelimninary organizations, wvelec throuch General Howe's orders and ovrersight, in the perforinlance of his duties as a member of Governor Curtin's staff, aiid as Assistant Adjutant-General of Western Pennsyl vania. I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 64 tlhey will proceed in separate columns or concentrate her'e. Large fire seen in direction of Greencastle. Palmer reports column at Greencastle about five thou-, sand strong, principally cavalry, supported by infantry and artillery.' " A. G. CURTIN, "Governor of Pennsylvania." On the 17th, the following spirited order was issued by General Howe: I " PITTSBURGH, June 17, 1863. "Reliable advices havinog been received at these headquarters that a force of the enemy, at eleven o'clock this mornino, had advanced twelve niiles westward from Cumberland,,giving unmistakable indications of their purpose -to invade this neighborhood, I desire again to call upon all good citizens in Western Pennsylvania capable of bearing arms, to enroll themselves immediately into military organizations, and to report to me for duty. "1 If we would stay the march of the invader, we must be prepared to admonish him that we are fully org,anized and ready to receive hini in a mianner becoming freenien wbo cherish the time-honored institutions in defense of wbich so malny of our sons and brothers have already offered their lives a willing sacrifice. Let us emlulate their glorious example, and never let it be written of us that we proved recreant in the bour of danger. Whenever companies are duly enrolled and reported to these headquarters,- they will be called and assigned to duty by Major-General Brooks, whenever and as the emergency may seem to demand, and. who will be prepared to furnish arms and equipments. " THOMAS M. HOWE" " Assistant Adjutant-General State of Pennsylvania."*' The extent ancl strength of these fortifications, constructed in two weeks' time, is best sbown by the following extract from a report made by Captain Craighill, a United States encineer officer in charg,e of the work, to the Committee of Pablic Safety before mentioned. Says the report: "1 It is well known that wben, General Barnard arrived bere, the city was not supposed to be threatened by anything more seirious than a raid by a few thousand'cavalry, or imounted infantry,. accoinpanied by light artillery. The instructions from Washington, under wbich we acted, looked to securing the city against attack. This has been done. We. are, mnoreover, in a condition to make a vigorous defense against an army." During those twro weeks all business was suspended for several (lays, under the orders. of the Committee of Public Safety. The necessity of these expenditures of time, and money has frequently been questioned by those not fully acquainted with allI the circulmstances. There is little or no doubt but the capture of Pittsburgh was contemplated by the rebels. Its geographical position, its resources, and the vast arsenal that itk was, and could be mlade, all rendered it a strong strategetical poinit, whose posses.sion or destruction by them was most important. At the time the city was bein-, fortified General Lee wfas marchiing into Pennsylvania, while the rebel forces were. being massed along the frontier line of West Virginia and Pennsylvania. An advance guard of rebel cavalry occupied Morgantown, and another body of horse; vvere sweepiii- up the valley between the ranges of the Allegheny Mountains towards Bedford and Johnstown. A force of rebels occupied McConnellsburg, and held the telegraph office there. By these, messages were exchanged with the operators of the Western Union Telegraph Company at Pittsburgh in which the rebels stated their intention of reaching the city, aiid were in turn informed of the preparations making to receive them. A body of the cavalry advance, at Morgantown,had crossed Cheat River to proceed to Pittsburgh, which, by cross-country roads, was less than a, sharp day's ride, when word was received by the leaders, through messengers sent by spies, that the city was being strongly fortified. Upon this information they retreated across the river, and finally fell back fiom Morgantown..Had the result at Gettysburg been differelnt, there is no doubt that Pittsburgh would bave been attacked. This is alpparent fromn the forces which gathered at Morgantown and vicinity, and were, concentratiilog at McConnellsburg. The inforination received of the work beinog done to fortify Pittsburgh causecl a delay, in which time the defeat of Lee changed the plans of the rebel leaders. At Wasbington, among the loyral men in position to know, in West Virginia, and arnongf those fully informed at Pittsburgh, there existed no doubt that the city was in imminent peril; as the followinog dispatch from the Secretary of War, dated four days before dispatches already mentioned as sent to General Brooks, shows:HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSSYLVANtIA. 65 value of all live stock, $3,015,224. There were, in 1870, 12,1 57 horses in the County, 1]74 mules and absses, and 17,316 milch cows. The farmers of Allegheny County do not seem to fcLvor the use of oxen, for we find only 74 "1 working oxen" reported to the census taker. Of "1 other cattle" there were returned 9394 head, and the County is credited- with 77,320 sheep, showing that woolgrowing is quite an important interest, stimulated, no doubt, by the proximity of the woolen-mills at Allegheny City. The number of swine is given at 22,223. The production of grains is also a very imrportant industry', in fact the leading one in thle department of agriculture. Of wheat, the product is given at 897 bushels of spring, and 324,434 bushels of winter wheat. Rye is quite extensively grown, the crop for 1870 being given at 78,372 bushels. Indian cornB makes a fine showing, countinog 674,916 busbels, and oats shows the largest; -number of bushels grown of' any in the enumeration, being credited with a total of. 1,-111,269 bushels. Of barley, the report shows a product of 69,946 bushels, and buckwheat closes the list with a product of 4406 bushels. These statistics, though furnished by a County very largely given to manlufacturing, commercialy and mining interests, indicate the employment of many hands and the investrnent of a large amuount of capital in agricultural pUl'SUitS. The productions of the farms and gardenis of Allegheny County find a ready market and remlunerative~ prices in the markets of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and the farm-ers and -ardeners, of the entire County are generally thriving and prosperous. The above statistics only include the territory oit,tside the cities. The total numlber of farmrs in the County in 1870 was 4881, of which 6 contained three acres and under; 451 contained between three and ten acres;~ 518 between ten and twenty acres;- 1339 between twenty a-nd fifty acres; 1643 between one hundred and five hundred acres, and 923 betwTeen five hundred and one thousand acres. There were no farms reported containing over one thousand acres. The best farming lands of a hilly country are generally found along the rivers, but in Allegheny County the bighest elevations seem to produce equally as good crops as the " bottoms" along the river and creek margins, and all portions can be cultivated excepting a few of the more precipitous bluffs and hills along the. larger streams. CHAPTEIR XIV. EDUCATIONAL -WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PITTSBURGHPUBLIC SCHOOLS-ALLEGHENY CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. THE educeational interests of Allegheny County are extensive, and the arrangements and equipments in all the various departments (collegiate, academic, public, select, and private) are very comprebensive and complete. The various branebes embrace a university, a first-class female college, three theological seminaries, a large numbqer of academies, with many select, denominational, and private schools, and the public schools, of which there are, in the city of Pittsburgh, 1 bigh school and 52 district schools, having 1 superintendent and a corps of 2399 teacbers, swith an enrollment of 20,929 scholars, and an average daily attendance of 13 572. The high- sebool is divided into three departments, academic, normal, and commercial, with an efficient faculty and corps of instructors. The schools of Allegheny City are under the control of a similar board to that of Pittsburgh, with 1 superintendent and 66 members of the board. There are fifteen school buildings, having an enrollment of 11,980, and a daily attendance of 7460, with a corps of 186 teacliers. The valuation of school property in the two cities is about $3,000,000. The total number of children attending the public schools of the County, accordinto the United States census of 1870, was 48,593, including, 2815 of foreign birth and 550 colored. The "Western University of Pennsylvania" is a well-lknown institution, with a reputation extending throughout the country. The Allegheny Observatory is connected with it, the whole under control of the Presbyterian denomination. The Pennsylvania Female College is comparatively a new institution, but it is rapidly acquiring prominence and advancing on the high rXoad to prosperity and usefulness. The various Theological Seminaries are well established, some of them dati ng back to 1825. The change from the primitive log school-h-ouse of 1800 to the costly and magnificent struLctures of tife present day is wonderful, illustrating as it does the advance of civilization, morality, and relig,ion. A short extract fi-om the recollections of Andrew Elliott, of Patton Township, gives aw most vivid idea of wbat three-quarters of a centui-y bas accomnplished in this direction. Speakinlg of the school-house, he says, - " WAR DEPART3IENT, 11.45 P.M., WASHIINGTON, June 10, 1863. "TO HON. THOMAS M. HOWE: " Major-General Brooks left here this morning for Pittsburgb, to take command of the Department of the Monongahela. He is an able and resolute officer, but will need all the assistance you and your people can give. I wish you would go on his staff. The latest intelligence indicates that you have no time to lose in organizing and preparinog for defense. All the field artillery on band at Watertown bas been sent by express to Pittsburgh. Whatever aid can be givein here you shall have. "EDWIN M. STANTON." "Had the city been taken by the rebels, the result of the contest for the preservation of the Union mni-ht have been different. The East and the West would bave been severed.... The fortifying of Pittsburgh was by many looked upon as a' scare,' and many of her own citizens have been accustomed to so pronounce it. If it was a scare it was participated in by the government, from a knowledge of the importance of the place as a mnilitary supply point, as well as the gate between the'East and the West througlh which the niilitary intercourse of the two sections was maintained, and supplies and armies received and distributed. It was a scare on the part of those who knew the intentions of the rebels, and of a few who were aware that the fall preceding the outbreak of the war a most thorough military and engineering reconnoissance was made, with ulterior: objects, by a person in the interests of the Confederates, and that at the time -of the advance of Lee's army into Pennsylvania this reconnoissance, with a map showinog all the details of the topography of Pittsburgh, was in the hands of the Confederate Government." The foregoing extracts are talken mainly from Geo. H. Thurston's work, entitled, Pittsburgh and Allegheny in the Centennial Year," which contains more information rhan anytbing, we have seen concerning the part that Allegheny County, and particularly Pittsburgh, took in the war of tlze Rebellion. From the official records and documents in the Adjutant-General's office of the State of Pennsylvania, at Harrisburg, it appears that Allegheny County is credited with nearly twenty-three thousand mnen put in the field during the war. No doubt qLuite a larue number of these, amounting possibly to several thousand, belonged in other counties, but came to Pittsburt,h, which was a central rendezrous, and enlisted. The rolls do not discriminate, and conlsequently Allegheny County gets credit fior them all. The volunteers from this County were in every bralch of the serice,-infantry, cavalry, artillery, and in the navy, both on the sea and in the gunboat fleet on the Mississippi River. The record of Allegheny County, during thse dark days of the great slaveholders' rebelllion, is a most noble- one. Her valiant sons rallied to the national standard, and bravely upheld the imperiled cause of humanity on mlany a bloody field. The death roll shows that nearly four thousand of her brave defenders laid down their lives in defense of human liberty. Amuong the honored names who passed away'mid -fire and death- are those of Hays, Childs, Kirkwood, Rippey, Black, and Dale.* "1 Their bones are on the northern hill, And on the soutbern plain; By brook and river, lake and rill, And by the roaring main." C HAPTER XIII. AGRICULTURAL. ALLEGHENY COUNTY contains, in round numbers, 482,000 acres of' land. Throwing out the aimount occupied by cities and villa-,es, roads, water-courses, etc., etc., leaves 385,659 acres, as returned by the census of 1.870, included under' iniproved'' and "1 unimproved" lands, of which 292,089 acres were improved and 93,570 acires uiiimproved. The total valuation of farms at that date is given at $56 448,818; the valuation of farmiDg improvements at $937,451; the wages paid agricultural laborers per annum, $770,916; the total estimated vralue of all farm products, $4,4L33,043; value of orchard pi-oducts, $170,557; products of mlaiket gar-dens, $263,554; forest production's, $6141; value of home nmanufactures, $69,875; value of anlimals slaughtered and sold for slaughter, $472,794; -' See complete lists of all soldiers enlistecl in Allegheny County, anad also sketches of prominent officers who fell in battle, in another paxt of this work.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 66 " The buildiDg was a cabin of logs. The whole leingth of the house, oin one side, was built illtO a chimney. Windows were formed by the cuttinti out of a log), anld-- fastening grqeased paper over it. The snialler children caime to school with a paddle tied round their necks, on which the alphabet was printed. As -they came in they bowed politely to the teacher. After lea-rning the alphabet, they were put to studying Dillworth's Primers. WVhen done with these, they,commenced to read in the Testament. After going through this twice they were put into the Bible. They were all coimpelled to study the shorter catechiism, etc." Sketches of the various educational institutions will be found below, ex:cept the -denomiinational sem-iiilaries, which will be found in the chapter on Religious Institutionis. WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. The Western University of Pennisylvania received its charter February 18, 1819. It succeeded the " Pittsburgh Academy ", which had been under the charge of Rev. llobert Blruce and Rev. John Black, the fornmer of whom became the Principal of the new institution, and the latter the Professor of Ancient Languages. There weire three otlher teachiers in the first Faculty, Rev. E. P. Swift, Professor of Moral Science; Rev. Joseph McElroy, Professor of Rhetoric; and Rev. C. B. Maguire, Professor of Modern Languages. The formal opening took place May 10, 1822. The charter fixed the nuimber of trustees at twenty-six. They were to hold office for life, and persons of all religious denominiiations w-ere declared eligible. The State assuiied no control or suporvisioii. The institution was empowered to grant -such degrees as are-"usually granted or coinferred in otber universities in tlle United States of America." The first building was situated on Third Street, near Cherry Alley. It wvas for a long timne the only secular edifice of any alrchitectural peeso in the city, aind was said to have been equaled by few in the country. This buLilding was devstroyed in the great fire of April 10, 1845; with it perished the, libirary, cabinet, and philosophical apparatus, and also the records. A second building, erected on Duquesne Way, was burned in 1849. The course of instruc-,i-tiOll was thereupon suspended until the conipletion of the present building, which was constructed in 1855, and fiirst occupiecl October 8 of that year. It is situated at the corner of Ross and Diamond Streets, a few rods firom the court-house; it tonltains fourteen recitation-rooims and rooms for the cabinet and library. The formal exercises attendiDg the reorgainization were lield Deeeluber 19, 1856, when Rev. John F. McLaren, D.D., was in-stalled as Principal. The Faculty consistecl of six memibers, two of whom, Messrs. Griggs and Danse, aire still connected with the institutioim In 1S59, Dr. McLaren was succeedecl by George Woods, LL.D., the present incuimbent. Between 1855 aind 1864 there were only th-ree graduates, but siince thle latter date theire lhave been re-ular classes gradulatin- each year. Ill 1872 the class iiumbered fifteen, and the average number of late years bas been about ten. In 1863 a scientific course was organized, of three year's' duration! leading to the deoree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Provision for military *drill was made in 1861, and since 1869 this branch has been under the cliarge of arl officer of the regular army, detailed by the Government. In 1867 the Allegheny Observatory was trainsferred to the University, and the Chair of Astronomy endowed. Instruction in engineering was begun in 1869, anid two courses, of four years each, are now fully provided for, leading to the degree of Civil, or of Mechanical, Engineer. In:1871 the preparatory department, comuprising both English -and classical cour'ses, was organized, and the third story of the building was arrainged for its a-ccoiumodation. A separate edifice, by the side of the present one, is inl process of elrection for the use -of this depalrtieiit; it will also contain a large drillball and a refres hmrent-room. A laboratory was opened in 1872, in which provision bas been made for a tlhorough course in cheiiiical- analysis. The cabinet Goliltains over ten thousand choice specimaens in geology, niineralogy, and zoology; also a conmplete set of Ward's casts of fossil animals. In 1874, by the will of the late Robert Watson, Esq., the, University received a valuable librarv of twentv-five hun a d vlums,consistinu chiefly of works of referen ce and standard authors inl the ancient and modernl lan'guages. There are two literary'societies conducted by the students, the Irving and the Philomathean. A monthly periodical, called " The College Journal," has been published since 1869. A supplement to the, charter, passed in. 1872, provided that the Board of Trustees shoud cosis of hiry-tbree nieinbers, viz., tlhirty citizens of the Commonwealth divided into three equal classes, each class to lold office for three years, and, in addition, the Mayors of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and " the Principal of the Faculty, to be hereafter designated the Chancellor of the University." Rev. W. D. Howard, D.D., has been President of the Board since 1865. In 1871, William Shaw, who h-ad been for several years a constant aiid liberal doiior, offered to give onec hu.ndred thousand dollai-s to the institutiori, provided aii equal amuount should be s'ecured by the Trustees. The raisiing of this seconld bualdred thlousaiid dollars was conlple-ted iin:1875. The propei-ty of the University has beeii increased, sinlce, 18-09, from about fifty thoulsand dollars to nearly five hlundred thouLsaind dollars; the number of students, fi-on-l sixty to niore than two hunldred - allcd the num-ber of the Faculty, from five to sixteen. The followiDg is a list of the Faculty, as given in the catalogue of 1875-76, the nai-nes beiDg arralnged, witb the exception of the Chancellor's, in the order of accession: George Woods, LL.D., Chancellor, and Professor of Mental and Moral Science; Jos. F. Griggs, A.M., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature; Alphonse M. Danse, Teacher of French; Milton B. Goff, A.M., Professor of Mathematics; Rev. Edward P. Crane, A.M., Professor of Rbetoric and Logic; Samuel P. Langley, Director of Observatory, and Professor of Astronomy and Physics; Levi Ludden. A.M., Principal of Preparatory Department, and Instructor in Latin; L. N. Forner, Instructor in Commercial Branches; Paul F. Rohrbacher, Instructor in German and General History; Theodore M. Barber, A.M., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature; Charles R. Coffin, A.M., Instructor in Greek; Frank A. Barr, A.B., Instructor in English Branches; P. B. de Schweinitz, M.E., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering, Physics, and Astronomy; Charles A. Prouty, A.B., Assistant in the Observatory; Francis C. Phillips, Acting Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology; Lieutenant Rollin A. Ives, Fifth Artillery, U. S. A., Professor of Military Science and of Civil Engineering. L. M. B. PITTSBURGH PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Pittsburgh public schools are under control of a Central Board of Education, consisting of thirty-six members, and baving, a President, Secretary, and City Superintendent. President. Joseph H. Nobbs. Secretary. Charles A. Kehew. City Superintendent.-George, J. Lucky, A.M. The standing committees are those of Finance, High School, Teachers and Salaries, Text-Books, C:o-Lrse of Instruction, Miller Street School, Music, Rules and Regulations, Evening Schools, Printing, Mute School, Examinations, Vacations and Legislation. The citv is divided into thirty-six sub-districts, each of which is represented in the Central Board. These districts are again subdivided into local sub-districts, liavin-, two hundred and sixteen directors. There are one high school and fifty-two sub-district school buildings, and the total value of school property is $1,~900,000. The normal and commercial schools are held in the hi^!h school building, under the genieral ~control of the Principal. TEACH:ERS. Male teachers iii High School, incelu,ding Principal......................................... 11 Female tea.chers inl High School, including Principal.................................v,. 6 Male teachers in District Schools, including thirty-one Principals............................... 37 Female teachers in District Schools, including six Principals.................................. 337 Male teacbers in Mute School................................I............. I Female teachers in lMute School...................................................... I Teachers of M usic (inales).......................................................... 6 Total........................................................ 399 Bo0ys admittedl to High School....................................................... 238 (wrl s -dnittecl to IHigh School...................................... Boys admnitted to District Schools..................................... 10,275r Girls admitted to District Schools......................................... 10,197 Total admitted........................... 20,927 Average montbly enrollment of B3oys in High School.................................. 2l18 Average monthly enrollment of Girls in High School.................................. 193 Averawe monthly eni-ollm-ent of Boys in District Schools................................ 8,005 Average iiiollthly enrollm-ent of Girls in District Schools................................ 7,856 Total e-nrolled............................................ 16,272 Average daily attendance of Boys i-n I-Iigh School..................................... 199 Average diai]y attendlance of Girls in HLigh School..................................... 1.73 Average daily attendance of Boys in District Schools.................................. 6,708 Average daily attendanlce of Girls in District Schools.................................. 6,492 Total average daily aJttendance,...................... 13,572 RECAPITULATION. Number of Teacbers employed........................................ 399 Numlber of Ptipils admiltted........................................... 20,927 A:vcrawe Molithly enrollmlerlt..................................... i..-.... 16,272 Average D aily attendlance.........3.........................12 7 Total taxable property of the City......................$176,000,000 Total income for the year, for School purposes, including balances..................................................... $751, 534.10 Balance remaininog on hand............................ 550.69 Duriii, the year endinog September 1, 1875, there were erected, completed, and occupied two new sebool buildings, to wit, one of fifteen rooms and audience hall, in the Morse District, alacd one ofr four rooms, in the Second Precinct of the St. Clair District. EVENING SCHOOLS. Ret,ular eveyiint, schools were maintained durin- SiXty-fiVO Dligts, witlh a total average atteilcdance of 16327 of whom 1347 were boys aild 285 girls. ThseCENTRAL HIGH SCHOO L, P/ITTSB URGH, PA. LAWRENCE PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 75 r_H WARD, P TTrsBURGH, PA. OAKLAND DISTRICT PUBLIC SCHOOLS, /14T WARD, PITTrSBURGH, PA.FOURTH WARD PUBLIC SCHOOLS, A LLEGHENY CT'Y, PA. FIFTH WARD PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ALLEGHENY C/TY, PA.I I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANtIA. 67 nuirnber of teachers employed in the evening schlools was,-males, 29; females, 47. Salaries of teachers, $7346.71. The cost per pupil, foi- the term, was $4.50. INDUSTRIAL EVENING SCHOOLS were also kept open for sixty-five nights, in which were employed four teachers, all male. The averacge attendance was 137; amnount teachers' salaries, $670.96; cost per pupil for term, $4.90. INSTITUTE. The attendance on, and interest in, the Teachers' Institute showed a marked increase during the past year.:Five sessions are held each year, and four quarterly meetings, in October, January, March, and May; and the annual meeting in the week preceding the opening of schools in September. The evening sessions are held in the different school-buildinos throughout the city. HIGH SCHOOL. The High School, under the superintendence of Dr. B. C. Jillson, Principal, is in a flourishino, condition. It is divided into thlree departments: The Academical, the Normal, and the Commercial. Academic Department.-Faculty and Instructors. Benjamin C. Jillson, M.D., Ph.D., Principal and Professor of Zoology and Geology Horace W. Bancroft, A.M., Professor of Applied Mathematics. Charles B. Wood, A.M., Professor of Pure Mathematics. Leonard H. Durling, A.B., Professor of Natural Science. Charles K. Wead, A.M., Professor of Physics. Henry Gibbons, A.B., Professor of Latin and Greek. Frederick Merrick, A.M., Assistant Professor of Latin. William M. Evans, A.M., Professor of Elocution. Joel M. Darling, Professor of Music. Samuel D. Everhart, Professor of Theory of Accounts and Penmanship. Louisa M. Voight, Preceptress and Teacher of German. Rachel E. Henderson, Teacher of Mechanical Drawing. Maggie E. Fitzsimmons, Teacher of Free-hand Drawing.. Rosa R. Baelz, Teacher of Free-hand Drawing. Professor Bancroft instructed the classes in Belles-Lettres during the year, and Miss Fitzsimmons the classes in Free-hand Drawing the first half of the year, and Miss Baelz the last half. Normal Department Faculty and Instructors. Benjamin C. Jillson, M.D., Ph.D., Principal. -Jenny Ralston, Preceptress. Leonard H. Durling, A.B.,Proessor of Physiology and Chemistry Charles K. Wead, A.M., Professor of Physics. Joel M. Darling, Professor of Music. William M. Evans, Professor of Elocution. Rosa R. Baelz, Teacher of Drawing. Mrs. Caroline C. Myler. Instructor in Practice School. Commercial Department. Benjamin C. Jillson, M.D., Ph.D., Principal. Charles C. Cochran, Professor of Commercial Science. -Samuel D. Everhart, Professor of Theory of: Accounts and Penmanship. John J. Hill, Assistant. There were sixty graduates from this school durino the year, to wit: Academic. Depnartment, 22 Norma1 Department, 4; Commercial Department, 34. We have not the data for the individual cost of the school buildings of Pittsburgh; but they, as well as tbose of Allegheny City, are good, substantial) and commodious,-many of themn elegant and costly, and honorable evidences that the people of the two cities a-re not neglecting those interests which lie at the foundations of oood government and which constitute the very sheet amichor" of the Republic. ALLEGHENY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The public schools of Allegheny are under the management of a Board of Controllers, consisting of sixty-six (66) members. The officers of the Board are a President, Secretary, and Superintendent. President, Rev. Joseph King; Secretary, C. W. Benney; Superintendent, John Davis, A.M. The standing committees are those of Finance, Teachers and Salaries, Grades and Text-Books,Rules and Regulations, Colored Schools, Evening Schools, Special Instruction, Public Library, Economy and Retrenchment, Printing, and School Inspection,-and each consists of one member from each Ward, eleven in all. The total number of school buildinus on the 1ist of June, 1875, was fifteen, the total cost of which was as follows: First Ward..........,.,.................................... $50,000.00 Second Ward....................................................,... 150,000.00 Third Ward...........,.................................. 175,00.00 Fourth Ward......................................... 1M O Fifth Ward.......,,.,,,,,,,,,,.... 9 l 200.00 Sixth Ward.......,,,,.,................................... 116,608.00 Seventh Ward.........,.................................... I.... 45,000.0() -Eighth Ward,.,...............................................,.. 27,000.00 Ninth Ward........................................................ 6?5,000.00 Tenth Ward,........................................... 33,000.00 Eleventh Ward.................................................................. 35,000.00. Sherman Avenue School Property..................................... 15,000.00 Total valuation...........,............................... $9362,808.00 Deduct bonded iindebtedness.,,..........................,...,,,,,.............. 488,2.37.89 Value abovre indebtedness...................,...,.,.,.................$474,570.11 Therecipt an ependitures for 1875 were $3a9,025.15; the total eDrollment for 1875 was 11 980; the avera-,e montbly enrollment, 8810O avera-,e daily attendance, 7460; average per cent. of attendance, 89. The public day schools nuimber, altogether, 170 divided- into 84 primary schools, with an averag,e montbly enrollmnent of 5311, and an average daily attendance of 4447; 43 medium schools, with an avera-e montbly enrollment of 1925, and an average daily attendance of 1645; 35 graninmar schools, with an average montbly enrollment of 1323, and an averag,e daily attendance of 1149; and 8 bigh schools, with an average monthly enrollrnent of 251, and an avera-e daily attendance of 219. The amount paid to teachers for the same time wzas $105,617.75. The grandl total for educational purposes, includin, night schools, colored schools, contingent. expenses, and the salaries of the Superintendent and iuusic-teachers, was, $1:18 554.60. Two commodious building~s were erected du'ring the year, in the. First and Second Wards. PENMANSHIP. Penmanship, as a branch of in.struction, recei'ved a proportionate amount of' attention in all the schools. In those of the First, Second, Third, Fifth, and Sixth Walrds it was taught by special instructors, some using copper-plate andl others writing the copies for their classes. In the schools of the remaining six -vwards, including the colored sclhools, the regular teachers were required to teach it, as a branch of the regular course. VOCAL MUSIC. This department of instruction, though not so prominent as some others, has nevertheless been on tlhe advance. Two teachers are ernployed in this branch, both of whom are very active and etier(yetic in their work. The subject is yearly growing in favor, and many of the teachers are getting thoroughly'interested in it. - DRAWING. The bistory of drawing in the schools dates back only a few years, and lias not been marked by any special inanifestations in the way of general advancement. The authority for having it taulght in any of the schools beinog vested in the local Boards, and each bein-, unequallly impressed with its utility, all did not formally adopt it, or require lessons to be -iv7en in it, as a necessary branch of education. Only eighteen teacbers out of one hundred and eighty-four were required to teach it, and less than one-tenth of the average daily attendance of pupils were required to make i't a subject of thou(yht and study. The subject is growin- inore ancl more interestiii-, and the timne is probably not far distant when it will beconie a regular brancli of scbool education. TEACHERS' EXAMINATIONS. Two public exaininations of teachers were held in the month of June, at which there were one hundred and ninety-eig,ht applicants. LOCAL INSTITUTE. A Teachers' Local Institute was organized in the beginninog of the last school year, which convened regularly each quarter while the schools were in session. EvenlDf sessions were held, which wel-e devoted to popular lectures and exercises which pertain to educational interests in general. Inl these exercises the Pirincipals of the schools took an active and efficient part, and the Institute cannot fail to be a valuable auxiliary in promoting educational interests. ANNUAL INSTITUTE. The Teacbers' Annual Institute was held in Alleg,heny City, in 1875, in connection with the County Institute.longer pei-iod thanl any oth-er one vve ever h-ad. The Legislature of 179 organized the Fifth Judicial District of the State, composed of all the existing counties of Western P'ennsylvania. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, QUARTER SESSIONS, ETC. Alexander Addison, a delegate to the Coilvention, was commissioned PresidentJud^,e of this nlewly formed Fifth Judicial District, and for thirteen years discharged its duties. He was a native of Scotland; had been educated for the ministry, and had, for a short time, been engaued in preaching. He had, bowever, studied law and been admitted to the bar, and practiced a few years. Judge Addison devotecl himself with gyreat assiduity to the organization of thle courts in the several counties comprisinog his larue Judicial district. No successor has ever sulrpassed bim in the ability and fairness with wbich his duties were discharged. He bad little legislation to guide him, and no precedeiits of former courts of this State. His own vigorous common sense bad to apply the maxinis of the common law to the usages of tbis new and rapidly-growing community, as a basis of civil and crinminal law. Some portion of bis labors is to be- found in a volume, known as "1 Addison's Reports," often referred to, even now, as the basis of Pennsylvania law. This volume also contains several charges to Grand Juries duritiff the prevalence of the Whisky Insurrection, out of which resulted a series of political persecutions, ending in his trial and removal from office. The darkest page in the legislative history of Pennsylvania is that which records the sbameful persecution and conviction of Alexander Addison. The charges upon wbich he was tried (even admitting them to be true) involved only a breach of courtesyr towards one of his lay associates on t-he bench. No corrupt miotive was alleged; no injury to any suitor in bis court. The Legislature, out of political spite, refused hirn the ri-bt to call a. single witness at public expense, to disprove or explain the testimony of the prosecution. He, in turn, becanile so indignant, that he employed no counsel to defend himself. His own argument overwhelmingly proves that the hiz,h prerouative of impeachment never was meant to apply to) so trivial, a case. The case had, however, been set.-Lp as a political move, and the Senate, to its everlasting disgrace, found bimn guilty. He was in feeble healtb, aInd lived but a few mn-ontbs thereafter. The Legislature was, bowever, so m'uch ashamed of this example, that no attempt bas ever been made to apply the principle to any other Judge. Governor McKean appointed as bis successor Samuel Roberts, from the eastern part of the State, to avoid the feud engendered by the remnoval of Judge Addison. Judge Roberts was a quiet, patient judge, and gave general satisfaction foi- a peiriod of sixteen years. At his death in 1820, William Wilkins, the mnost brilliant judge we bave ever bad upon the bench, was commissioned. Ile, however, only remain,ed upon the bench of the State Court a short time, and in 1824 was transferred to the United States Court, and was succeeded by Charles Shaler. Judge Shaler was fullyfi fiftv years at the bar a-nd upon the bench in this County -about one-half at the bar, the other on the bench. He was a wit, a scholar, an able judge, and an accomplished gentleman; probabl'y the most industrious student ever at the bar. He rose about four o'clock in the morning, and devoted his time until court opened to carefully overhauling his cases, and. was always ready at all points. When lie resigned his judu,eship, which he did on several occasions, he would be found the next morning at bis office, and ready for all kinds of professional business. He retained his vivacity up to the age of seventyfive, when he becamle blind, and had to retire from the bar. He died at the age of eiabtv-one. Judge T. B. Dallas succeeded Judge Shaler, and, after four years in the Common Pleas Court),was transferred to the District Court, and upon his death Judge Shaler in 1841 succeeded hlim in that court. Almlost- the entire civil jurisdiction was transf rre toth Dstic Court+ in 1 R.9- and Bemnjamin Patton was anpointed President-Judge of the General Courts, chiefly limited to criminal cases. He continued unltil the adoption of the elective judiciary. On his first appointment he was younog and inexperienced, but in his latter years got along, smoothly. Ile was always honest and fair in his admninistration. Hon. W. B. McClure was elected President-Judge in 1851., and re-elected in.1861. His duties.were chiefly confined to tbeC(riminal Court, and his specialty was to permit no guilty man to escape. He became a terror to evil-doers, but secured the earnest support of the better portion of the comniunity. Upon bis death the present incumbent, James P. Sterrett, was appointed, and has been twice re-elected, beinog now in the sixteenth year of his judicial administration. The lay associates of the Common Pleas Court, under the Constitution of 1790, were appointed for life,George Wallace and George Thompson during the earliest, and Francis McClure and James Riddle during, the later period, filled up the forty-eight years that Constitution was in force. ITnder the Constitution of 1838, these lay associates only held office for five years, and about a dozen gen- ~~~~~TEACIIERS. The whiole numiber of teacliers in the public schools at. the close of the term was oiie bundred and eighty-six-fourteen male principals, two male music teachers, and one hundred and seventyfMemale teacbers. Eig,hty-four of the latter taught in the primwary department, forty-three in. the mnediuni, thirty-five in the grammar, and eight in the higlh-school departmnent. MISCELLANEOIJS. In addition to the public schools, there are twenty-six (26) seminaries, academies, and private schools in Allegheny, with an average mlonthly enrollment of 3216 pupils, and an average daily attendance of 2795. Of these quite a large proportion are Catbtolic and other denomlinational schools, and there are also a nurnberof select and clas'sical sebools included. The foreuoino, synopsis of the educational interests of Alleg,heny City is mostly taken firom the Annual Report of the Board of Controllers for the year endinog June 1, 1 875. WYe should liave been exceedingly grati-fied to liave furniished our readers with a thorough-going article descriptive of the public schools of Allegheny, and applied to thle o,entlemanly Superintendent, Mr. Davis, to furnish it; but exceeding press of busiDess, togrether with the difficulty of obtainilng aind conipiling, the necessairy datal in season for the work, have compelled us to oniit what would have been a very interestiDg ch-apter. CHAPTER XV. THE BENCH AND BAR OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY.* OUR Great Founder, William Penn, evidently supposed that few lawyers and judges, were to find employmelit in bis colony. He enjoined his County Magiistrates quarteirly to appoint " Three Peace Malkers," by whom be boped all controversies vvould be settled. But, iD practical life, this day-dream soon vanisbed. Several of his Quaker associates became lawyers and judges. English Chancery was ten years in passinog upon the validity of bis own will, and fully half a century in settlilig the case of Penn's Heirs vs. Lord Baltimore's Heirs, in regard to the southern bouDdary of his colony. The bopes of superseding courts, judges, and lawyers by "1Peace MIakers'" bad been dispelled before Allegheny County was organized, aiid hence her law rers and judges have always constituted an important selement in her social organization. The site of Pittsburgh was always the salient point in this section; yet the -county of Allegheny was the fourth one formed in Western Pennsylvania. Westmoreland, Washington, and Fayette all antedate ber in their organization, and for iiearly thirty years took precedence of her in population. The first court held in Pittsburgh was onl the 16th of December, 1788; the County havinog been erected the preceding September. Under the Proprietary Government (followed in that, respect by the Constitution of 1776), the justices of the peace composed the county court, and in new counties two or three days only were required to dispatch business. The State Executive Council designated some leading citizen to preside at court; but very rarely was this president-judge a lawyer by profession. In Allegheny County the Exsecutive Council h-ad comm-issioned George Wallace, who, during three years, acted as President-Judge of her cou-rts. He bad been a magistrate, and served for some years as a member of the WVestmoreland County Court. He was not a lawyKer, only a larue land-holder, and a business man of excellent character. He continued to preside in our courts until the organization of the Fifth Judicial Dist-rict under the Constitution of 1790, and gave, acco)rding to tradition, as general satisfaction as any of our more learned judges ever did. Upon the openinog of the court, in 1788, nine lawyers were admitted to the Pittsburgh bar; four of those, I presuine, residents of Pittsburgh, the others members of the Greensburg, and Washington bars. The Constitution of 1776, formed amid the excitement of the Revolutionary war, had not given general satisfaction to the mass of the people of the State. Hence,at the election of 1789 delegates were chosen to form a new Constitution, known as the Constitution of 1790. Two of the lawyers admitted to the bar, to wit: James Ross, of Pittsburgh, and Alexander Addison, of Washington, were chosen to that Convention, and were amonog the ablest of its mem bers. The Constitution then formed was our supreme law for forty-eight years, a much HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 68 -*- By Hon. T. J. Bigham.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 69 minds ever in the Supreme Court of the United States. Judge Grier, his successor, we have already noticed. Judge Strong, his successor, iiow presides in that court. THE ATTORNEYS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. In speakinog of the Pittsburgh bar, we must be brief. The entire number of admissiorls since 1788 is about eigfht hundred, an averageO of over ninie each year. The present lnumber of members is three hundred and five (305); so that nearly five hundred have been included in removals and deatlis. Takin-, the fiirst half of these eighty-eig,ht years, ending writh 1832, only two narmes are found amonog the living, to.wit: Judge Lowrie, of Clrawford County, and Judge McCandless of the United States Court, the forniler admitted to the bar in 1829, the latter in 1831. The oldest active practitioner dates in 1837, and only thirty-five were admitted prior to 1850. Pittsburgh lawyers cannot, therefore, be called a long-lived race. Nine members appear to have been admitted to the court upon the first opening thereof in December, 1788. A more than usual proportion of erninent men is found in that list. Judge Addison we bave referred to in speakingf of the COUl'tS. H. H. Brackenridge was a wit, the autbor of sevei-al books, and. a judge of the Supreme Court of the State. David Bradford called himself Major-General of the Whisky Insurrection troops, fled to the Spanish possessions on the Mississippi River to avoid arrest, and is said to have been grandfather of Mrs. Jefferson Davis. Treason, in that case, ran in the blood. John Woods was an able mnionber of the bar, afterwards elected to Congress. But James Ross, one of the nine, was pre-eniinently the model lawyer o f the Pittsburgh bar. He bad been in the Convention of 1790; was some eleven years in the United States Senate, and three times candidate for Governor of the State. His pre-enminence was, hoee,cify in ths htf fty years he stood at the bead of the Pittsburgh bar, a worthy example to the eigbt hunldred who bave followed bim. We have had Baldwin, Forward, Biddle, and manys others, possibly his equals in intellect, but none who for so longf a period set us so good an exaimple at the bar. The number of admissions from 1788 to 1810 was eighty; from 1810 to 1830, ninety-nine; the number of practicing attorneys in 1876 is three hundred and fiv.e, with ten retired. A somewhat careful comparison of the population of our County satisfies me that the attorneys at the bar have generally borne the proportion of about one attorney to every thousand of the population. Does this indicate thlat ours is a litigious population? The Fifth Judicial District for many years included literally all Western Pennsylvania; the leading members of the bar in each County accompanied the judgfeall on horseback-from one county court to the next one. This was called " riding the circuit." Pittsburgh, Greensburg, Uniontown, Washington, Beaver, and Butler would every three mzontlhs be visited by these legyal functionaries. All who have ever listened to the stories told of the oldeii-time circuits must have had vividly impressed upon them recollections of the anecdotes, fun and frolic, of the leoal adventures of our lawyers of tilat day. We find among this list of attorneys balf a dozen judges of the United States Courts, two at least of the United States Supreme Court, and about twelve of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, some fifteen president-judges of our County courts, and the members of State and Congressional Legislatures we have not attempted to enumerate. Wre have not given any sketches of the character and services of the living members of the bench and bar of Allegheny County, as criticisms on the living mnight give offense. CHITTAP- nTERT_) N XVI.' THE MONONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY. WE take the followino, extracts concerning this company froryl Hon. James Vech's exbaustive pamplhlet entitled " A History of the Monongahela Navigation Company," kindly fuirnished us by General J. K. Moorhead:'The eai-liest known su-cestion of an inipiroveiiient of the Monongahela by lockis arld daims was in a repoirt of a survey malde for the State by E. F. Gay, Civil Engineer, in 1828. It was unheeded, and nothint, donle until 1832, when the late Hon. Andrew Stewart, of Fayette, made an effort in the Congress of the United States to have it done by the National Government, as an extension, under the act of 1824, of the improveiinetit of the navig,ation of the Ohio, to the National Road at Brownsville. Congress provided for a survey of the river to Brownsville, which was iinade in 1833, by Dr. William Howard, U. S. Civil Engineer. His plan was locks and low danils-ei,ht in numiber-of four and a tlemen were from time to time elected. By special leoislation, first in 185S ancl again in 1862, provision was made for t-he election of associates learned in the law. Thomas Mellon and, at a later period, Edward H. Stowe, were elected. Judge Stowe still administers justice in the court-house, and Judge Mellon hears cases " in banc." THE ]DISTRICT COURT. This court was first oroanized under the act of 1833, -its jurisdiction confined to civil cases. Robert C. Grier, from the central part of the State, was commissioned as judge. About 1839 most of the civil jurisdiction was transferred from the Common Pleas to this court, and Judge Dallas was transferred as an assistant judge. Upon bis death in 1841, Judge Shaler was appointed his successor. He resigned in 1844, and Judge Hopewell Hepburn was appointed bis successor.. Judge Grier, former President, being transferred to the Supreme Court of the United States, Judge Hepburn was colmmissioned President-Judge, and Walter H. Lowrie was commissioned Assistant. Upon the adoption of the elective judiciary in 1851, Walter Forward, former Secretary of the Treasury, and then Minister to Denmark, was chosen PresidentJudge. His death the following year created a vacancy, temporarily filled by Hon., P. C. Shannon, now a Judge in Dakota. Honl. Moses Hampton, former member of Congress, was elected as President-Judge, and a-gain re-elected, so that he filled that station twenty years. He still lives, but has not resumed practice at the bar. Hon. Thomas Ewing, a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1873, was elected as his successor, aiid now fills that station. Upon the adoption of the elective judiciary, Judge Lowrie was transferred to the Supreme Court of the State, and Henry W. Williams was elected Assistant. He was again elected in 1861, and in 1869 was transferred to the Supreme Court of the State. Judge Grier, after resigning the Presidency of the District Court, continued for somie twenty-five years one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States. His standing in that court was fiilly equall to any of his associates. His successor in the District Court, Judge Hepburn, came fi-om the Easton bar. He presided sorne seven years in the District Court, and then resumed tlle practice of the lawr here and afterwards in Philadelphia. Ile was an eniinently able judgm,e and a Cbristian gentleman. Both Judges Grier and Hepburn died in Pliiladelphia. Judge Lowrie served fiftee-n years in the Supreme Court of the State, and is- now President-Judge of Crawford County. By the Constitution of 1873, all the district Courts inl the State were abolished, and the judges wsere transferred to the C:ommon Pleas. In Allegheny County, the six judges in commission are classified as Common Pleas, Nos. 1 and 2, thiree judges to each court. The present organization of courts is as follows: Common Pleas.No. 1, J. P. Sterrett, President, and E. H. Stowe and F. H. Collier, Assistants; Common Pleas No. 2, Thomas Ewing, President, and J. M. Kirkpatrick and J. W. F. White, Assistants; eac-h of the judges, however, has the same power. The two president-judges receive five hundred dollars per annum more than the others. UNITED STATES COURT-PITTSBURGH. For many years after the organization of the United States Courts in this State, all courts weire held at Philadelphia. One of the gireatest cornplaints in the time of the WVhisky Insurrection was, that the cost of even successfully defending a revenue case in the United States Court would break up any distiller in Western Pennsylvania. Early in tlle present century provision was inade for holding court at Pittsbuirgh. Judge Walker presided in the District Court. On his death in 1824, William Wilkins was transferred to that court fi-om the State Court. He only held bis judgeship some seven years;- with all bis birilliant talents, he haa not the patience to make a judge. In 1831 he was elected United States Senator, and took an active part in backing President Jackson in suppressing nullification in South Carolina. At the close of. his teirm he. becamie Minister to Russia. A few years later he was elected to Congress, and became Secretary of War; and, at a still later period, served one term in the Senate of Pennsylvania. WVhen the slaveholders' rebellion broke out, he, although a privTate citizen. took a verv active part in urging it to be put down by military for-ce. He is onlyv dead a few years. Thomas Irwin, of Fayette County, was next appoinlted to the United States Court. He continued until 1857 to liold the officee and, upoii Iiis resig,natioD, Wilson McCandless was commissioned. He had been neai-ly thirty (30) yeiars in practice at the Pittsburgh bar. The business of that court during bis terml has beein increased fully threefold. Con,ress h-as just passed an act allowinOl Iiinpay on his retireinent, the same as if he had conmpletecl his twenty years' service. W. W. Ketchum, of the Wilkesbarre bar, has been commnissi,oned -aS his successor. Judge Baldwin, formeirlv a merniber of the Pittsburgh bar, has presided in the Circuit Court of the United States here. His was one of th-e profoundest le-,alINTRODUCTORY. 8 The early settlements of the Dutch and Swedes along the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, and the celebrated grant to William Penn in 1681, necessarily receive considerable attention, and copious extracts are made from Penn's Charter, for the history of the eastern portions of the State is connected more or less with the settlements along the streams which drain into the Gulf of Mexico. Washington's famous mission to the French posts in Western Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1753 is given in the language of his own journal, which is quoted entire, and will repay perusal. His unfortunate campaign in the spring and summer of 1754 is given at length from the best writers. The disastrous campaign of General Braddock, and his terrible defeat at the crossing of the Monongahela, on the 9th of July, 1755, is furnished from the best and most reliable authorities, and an accurate map of the battle-field, the first ever given, together with a carefully-drawn sketch, by a competent artist, also accompany the description. The succeeding campaigns of General Forbes, the defeat of Major Grant, and Colonel Bouquet's wonderful march and desperate battle at Brush Run, for the relief of the beleaguered Fort Pitt, during the celebrated Pontiac War, are all given a conspicuous place. Lengthy extracts are made from the journal of Christian Frederick Post, kept during his mission to the Ohio Indians, preceding the advance of Forbes's army in 1758. The celebrated Dunmore War, and Colonel Armstrong's expedition against the Indian town of Kittanning, the part taken by the citizens of Pittsburgh and vicinity in the Revolution, the expeditions of Crawford, Gibson, Harmer, St. Clair, and Wayne, are all described more or less fully, according to circumstances and the importance of the subject. A chapter is also given to the celebrated " Whisky Rebellion," which, though of very little interest to the present generation, is, nevertheless, a part of the history of Allegheny County. It is taken, mostly, from Alexander Hamilton's account. A prominent feature of the work is the space devoted to the valiant soldiers of the Commonwealth, who have gone out in the service of the country in the three wars of 1812-15, 1846-47, and the great war of the Rebellion, 1861-65. We have been at great pains, and no small expense, to furnish complete rosters of all soldiers who ever enlisted in Allegheny County, so far as the records show. The rolls of the two companies who went out in the war of 1812-15, Captain Butler's " Pittsburgh Blues," and Captain Ferree's company, and the four companies who served in Mexico, were obtained from the records of the Adjutant-General's office at Harrisburg, and are, of course, complete. The list of those entering the army during the Rebellion reaches nearly twentythree thousand, and the Death Roll numbers nearly four thousand brave men, who gave up their lives in defense of the integrity of the nation and for the perpetuity of the rights of man. A brief historical sketch of each regiment and battery follows the rolls, and we have several racy and interesting sketches of portions of the forces which went out from the County, including " The Artillery of Allegheny in the Rebellion," and a brief history of those who enlisted in regiments from West Virginia; the first by L. Halsey Williams, of the Fifth National Bank of Pittsburgh, the latter by Hon. William H. Graham. Biographical sketches are also given of several prominent officers who fell on the various battle-fields of the Rebellion. The historical sketches of the different townships and boroughs have been carefully compiled by Mr. A. Merrill and Mr. P. A. Durant, from data culled from the records of the County, and collected among the oldest and best-informed citizens of each township and borough. They will be found very interesting, being wholly new and original, and for the first time in print. A separate history of each of the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny is given in a condensed form, and following these are descriptions and sketches of the various public institutions of the two cities, including schools, churches, prisons, colleges, academies, the newspaper press, banking, bridges, asylums, etc., etc., and in addition an exhaustive description of over one hundred and fifty of the principal manufactures, including those of iron, steel, nails, glass, cotton, woolen, oil, salt, etc.,,etc., compiled and written by Mr. George E. St. John, from information mostly furnished by the manufacturers themselves. Our only regret is that we have not been able to furnish systematic and classi-. fied information of the various religious denominations, as we had hoped; we give what we have been able to gather after using our best endeavors. To the gentlemen who have contributed in this department we are under obligations. The work will be found highly embellished with views of public and private property and natural scenery, in various parts of the County, and with portraits and biographies of many of the prominent men of the past and present. In conclusion, we would acknowledge our sincere obligations to all those who have extended us courtesies in,various ways; in the use of libraries, both public and private, and by contributions from able pens, to the enriching of the work with sketches of the church, of colleges, seminar ies and academies; with historical. reminiscences of the war of the Rebellion; with essays upon the Bench and Bar; with descriptions of public buildings and benevolent institutions; and in everyway in which we have been furnished with interesting information, without which. the work would have been prosy and uninteresting. Among them we would mention: Hon. James Veech, Isaac Craig, Esq., Messrs.. J. G. and William H. Reel, Charles McKnight, George H. Thurston, the press generally, John Harper, Esq., President of the Bank of Pittsburgh; Dr. J. A. Reed, Superintendent of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital (Department for the Insane, at Dixmont); Reverends Dr. Howard, Kerr, Jennings, Wilson, Williams, Beatty, and Strong, of the Pennsylvania Female College; Professors Langley, of the Observatory, and Barber, of the University; the City Officers of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, Hon. William H. Graham, Colonel Smith, Major Pentecost, General J. K. Moorhead, R. D. McGonnigle, Mr. L. Halsey Williams, of the Fifth National Bank, Pittsburgh; the Officers of the various Banks; Hon. Thomas J. Bigham, Bishop Domenec; the Officers of the Western Penitentiary, of the Reform School, and various Benevolent Institutions; Librarians of the Mercantile and Allegheny Public School libraries; County Officers, Mr. R. H. Davis; James Irvin, and Alderman D. Salisbury, of Birmingham; George A. Berry, John B. McFadden, Dr. McClintock, Dr. S. T. Reddick, J. W. Kerr, Archi-- tect of the New City Hall, Pittsburgh; Mrs. William Eichbaum, Mr. John Sampson, and many others. In this connection, also, we would return thanks to each and every individual who furnished information throughout the various townships and boroughs of the County, whereby Mr. Merrill was enabled to present a chapter of the early history of the County which has never before been given, and which in many respects is, the most interesting portion of the work. S. W. D. ALLEGHENY PENNSYLVANIA, July 22, 1876.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 70 hal fetlit,except that No. 1 would be six feet; the object being, to use tliem,only when the river was low. A public meeting at Waynesburg, Greene County, November 18, 1835, reconmmended and urged the improvement by the State, as Congress bad declined it. The movemnent was at once seconded by the citizens,of Pittsburgh and Brownsville and intermediate places, and legislation was sought and obtained. The' Monongahela Navigation Company' was authorized by act,of Assembly of March 31, 1836. It was to make a slack-water navigation from Pittsburgh to the Virginia State line, ancl as much farther as Virginia would allow it to go. The stock was to be three hundred thousand dollars, in sbares of fifty dollars, and as much more as needed. The height of the dams was not to -exceed four and a half feet, supposed to mean from pool to pool. "Enough of stock was subscribed in 1836 to enable the charter to issue early in 1837; and on February 10, 1837, th-e company was organized by the election of,officers. "By the sixth section of the State act of February 18, 1836, chartering the United States Bank, it was required, among other burdens imposed, to subscribe to the stock of this company, then in prospect, fifty thousand dollars at the opening of its books, and fifty tbousand dollars more when. one hundred thousanid -dollars of stock fi-om other sources liad been expended oil the work. " The State by act of April 14, 183S, subscribed twenty-five thousand dollars in stock; and by act of June II, 1840, one hundred thousand dollars more. The,company started in IS37, upon the following subscriptions of stock: ment; some were unable to pay. The coimpany had to sue and be sued, and to submit to sales of everything seizable in executioin. It was over forty thousand dollars in debt. The works needed repair, and there was no money to do it. "1 In 1841 the company soug,ht fiirther aid from tlhe State, but it was too poor. In 1842 an earnest effort was made to induce capitalists of Baltimore to replenish the company's treasury, so as to enable it to carry its improvement to Brownsville, and tlhereby make it a, feeder to tlle Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which about that time was nearing Cumberland, where it was thought it would have to mlake a long halt. "1 But the Marylanders were too intent on pusliing their great work to the Ohio to engage in aiiy side enterprise, especially one which they could niot control. To all these reverses was added, in July, 1843, a breach of one hundred feet in dam No. 1, which, before it could be stopped in 1844, waslhed a hole forty feet deep. Oii May 4, 1S41, the Legislature had given the conmpany the power to borrow and m;ort-age its works and tolls. A more extended like power wIas given by act of April 5j 1842. But the conmpany's credit was gone, and these powers were a mockery. For two years the work muade no prog,ress, except toward decay and discourao,ement. The vvhole project became a I'mortification to its friends and projectors, and a nuisance to the navigation.' Clouds and darkness enshrouded its prospects. Its friends were almost ready to abandon it to the mercies of the floods and of an indigfnant public, when light and lhope beamed from an unlookedfor quarter. "The State's financial condition bad become so niuch depressed that the Legis-' lature, by act of July 27, 1842, repeated by act of April 8, 1843, directed sales' of all its corporation stocks, arnong them its one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars in this company. This induced a number of men of capital, enterprise, and of unfaltering faith in the ultimnate success of the improvement to buy this' stock,-of course at a low figure,-and thereupon to engage to repair and complete the work to Brownsville, upon ten-year coupon bonds,- secured by a mortgrage of the improvemnent and its reveinues, to be applied, first, to old debts; second, to interest, and then to reimburse to themselves the principal of their actual' expenditure. These men deserve to be lheld in kind i-emembrance. They were James K. Moorhead, Morgan Robertson, George Schnable, Charles Avery, Thomas' M. Howe, John Graham Thomas Bakewell, J. B. Moorhead, and John Freeman. They did the work, chiefly through sub-contractors, under the name of Moorhead, Robertson Co. Their contract with the company was made November 9, 1843. It was July,1844, before they cou,ldgeteffectively at work; but they went at it with such energy and skill, with Sylvanus Lothrop for engineer and J. B. Moorhead for superilntendent, tbat, on November 13, 1844) the entire iinprovement was repaired aind completed for use to Brownsville. "Before these coittractors took hold of the work there bad been expended upon Nos. 1 and 2 about one liundred aiid sixty thousand five hundred dollars, and upon Nos. 3 and 4 about fifty-three thousand dollars, exclusive of engineering,' salaries, damageis, and incidental expenses. They expended in 1844, in repairs ion Nos. I and 2, over thirty-five thousand dollars''and in construction of Nos. 3:and 4, one hundred and sixty-nine thousand five hundred dollars, which, with tollbouses, and some addit-ions to Locks I and 2 in subsequent years, swelled the construction account at the end of 1874 to five hundred and seventeen thousandl two hundred and twenty-five dollars, less than half of which had been paid'out of stock. "Currelit revenues were, as yet, hardly adequate to keep down current expenses and interest, and pay old debts. At the end of 1847 the company was in debt two hundred and seventy thousaiid dollars. The I good time' long looked for, in which the works would pay current expenses, interest, and repairs, and reduce the db,be-an to come in 1847. Before the work had been completed to Brownsville the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had been made to Cumberland, seventyfive miles distant, over a fine'road, on which were I first-class accommodations for man and beast.' The Pennsylvania Railroad did not reach Pittsburgh until 1852. Here were eight years of a glorious harvest for the Slackwater and the eastern division of the National Road. It taxed the road's capacities to the utmost extent. It was literally crowded with stage-coaches and wagons. In 1850 the Navigation Company carried eighteenl thousand three hundred and seventynine stage passengers, and in each of the three preceding years a greater number. From 1845 to 1847 the revenues had almost doubled, thereby enabling the company in 1847 to inearly extinguish its old floating debt, keep dowii the interest, and pay thirteen thousa-nd -five hundred dollars of the principal of the two hundred and thirty-one thousand five hundred dollars of bonds which had beenl issued to Moorhead, Robertson Co. Notwithstanding that the tolls from freights and passengers continued about the same for many years, such was the rapid incerease of the coal trade that at thle end of 1853 the entiire indebtedness to Moorhead, Robertson Co. was paid, and, but for new debts incurred in 1850, for some additional rights (two thousand dollars), and a second lock at dam No. 1 (fifty948 shares, 508 1' 20" 86" 100 "1 1000 "1 2662" 500 "1 20()0 " 5162" $47,400 25,400 1,00() 4,300 5,000 50,000 $133,100 25,000 100)000 $258,100 Citizens of Allegheny County............................ " Fayette County................................ " Washington County......................... " other counties.................................. Monongahela Bank of Brownsville..................... Bank of the United States................................. To which the State added in 1838........................ " " " ~~~~~~1840....................... "This, until after the work was completecl to Brownsville, was its entire capital basis; and much of this, as we shall hereafter-see, was never realized. After,organization and calling, in some stock, a careful survey of the river was ordered. This was done in the summer of 183S, by an engineer corps, at the head of which was W. Milnor R.oberts, siince engineer of the Northern Pacific Railroad, with Nathan McDowell and Robert W. Clark,assistants. From Pittsburgh to Brownsville was found to be fifty-five and a balf imiles nearly, anid the ascent a little over thirty-three and a half feet; from DBrownsville to the Virginia line, a little over thiTrty-five mliles, ascent forty-one feet; totals, ninety and a. balf miles, and seventyfour and a half feet. This would have required seventeen (17) dams of four and at half feet lift, one on an average for every five miles; thereby causing delays and tolls which would bave been unendurably vexatious, andI an expenditure in construction and attendance wbich would have made the work wholly unremunerative. Besides, on some of the ripples the fall was three ancl folur feet,-one at the mouth of Cheat River, six feet. It was soon seen that this plan must be abandoned. Accordingly, the Legislature, by act of June 24, 1839, authorized the d'ams to be eight feet from pool to pool. At first it was thought that ten eightfeet dams would be required to carry the work to the State line,-five below and five above Brownsville; but, by authorized increase of' dam No. 4 to ten feet, and those above Brownsville (three) to whatever height the banks would allow, it was founcl that seven would suffice. "1 Dams ancl locks Nos. I -and 2 having been located,-No. 1 a mile above the Smithfield Street bridge, at Pittsburgh, ancl No. 2 at Braddock's upper ripple, ten miles above No. 1, -they were let, No. 1, Decemnber 17, 1838, to J. K. and J. B. Moorhead, ancl No. 2 relet, May 17, 1839, to Coreys and Adams. Though not entirely completed, these two locks ancl dams were put in use October 18, 1841. "1 On July 15, 1840, lock and dam No. 3, at Watson's Run, two miles above Elizabeth, and fourteen miles above No. 2, was let to Bills and Foreman; and No. 4, at Frey's Shoals, fifteen miles a-bove No. 3, ancl fifteeD andl a half miles below Brownsville, to Fenlon and Patton, changed in construction to Fenlon and Lonergan. "Fearing a lack of funds, the company reserved in the contract for No. 4 the right to stop the work at any time, and pay for wbat was done. This right had to be resorted to in May, 1841, for the cause provided against, and work on No. 3 had to be suspended for the same reason. "1 A most disheartening crisis in the company's undertaking camne upon it in 1842. The United States Bank brokve, aind failed to subscribe and pay its second fifty thousand dollars. The State had to give the company its bonds for a large portionl of its second subscription of one hundred thousand dollars, which had to be solId at a loss of one-half. Many individual subscribers for stock resisted paiysix thousand eight bundred dollars), a-nd in 1853-54 another lock at dam No. 2, costing about fifty tliousand dollars, rendered neceSsary to accommodate the increased coal trade, and the extension above Brownsville, the company could have been~ free of debt. The contractors for lock No. I took bonds for their work, and by a new issue of mortg,age bonds in 1 853 (one hundred and twenity-five thousand dollars) the company was en-abled to pay for the lock at No. 2, carry' oil the extension, and thlus to pay, out of the earnings, its first cash dividend of f'our per cent. in July, 1853." Quite a serious excitemenit was stirred up in 1848 upon the subject of " tolls" and- "1locks and dams, which grew to startlincg proportions. Town-meetings were held, and finally the people demanded that the daims be cut down to four and a half feet;- for they claimned that if the high damls were suffered to remain the coal lands up the river would never be of any value. Printed pamphlets wer crcuatd,and the Legislature of 1849 was appealed to for redress. A comIpromise was finally effected by the cornpany cutting the tolls down on pools 3 and 4 about fifty per cent. The excitement soon died out, and business has gone on smootl-lly since. "February 9, 1848, the Legislature authorized a new openinog of books for stock subscriptioiis ill the five counties bordering on the river; but none was taken. The -same act authorized books to be opened in Pittsburgh, to take stock to pay the debt incurred for the. work below Brownsville, but without aiiy result. The Legislature by the same- act also authorized the company in case of failure to,obtain new stock, to double the existinff stock, and credit each share its proportion.of earnin-s-used and to be used in paying that indebtedness. The stock was -accordingly doubled in 1848. The fifty thousand dollars of stock of the Bank of the Uiiited States. bad been acquired in 18S48, after a protracted litigation with an adverse claimiant by some of the members of the firm of Moorbead, Robertson. Co., and it was ascertained that the eiitire stock was two hundred and sixty thousand six hundred dollars, the doubling of which brought it up to five hundred and twenty-one thousand two hundred dollars. "1 Of the original stock, three hundred and twelve' shares had been acquired by the comnpany by purcbase and forfeiture for non-payment. These sold in 1852 at seventy-five dollars per sbare; aind at the end of this year the authorized credits paid the duplication in full. All -this, however,, gave the company no actual in"crease of its available means. In the fall of 1853 a renewed effort to obtain stock in Fayette and Greelle Counties was deterimined upon. To encourage the effort sonme additional stock was subscribed in Pittsburgli; but nothing came of it. "1 Notwithstanding these failures, the Legislature, by act of January 25, 1854, made it'imperative upon the company to put locks and danis Nos. 5 and 6 uinder,contract and bave thenm completed,-No. 5 before June 1, 1S55, and No. 6 before December 1, 1855., The improvemnent to the State line was reqLuired to be completed before IDecember 1, 1857; but this requirement was relaxed'by act of April 8, 1857, so as not to require No. 7 to be begun until locks and dams to carry the wo-rk'from the State line to Morgantown should be put under contract, and with the completion of which No. 7 was to be cotemporaneous. " 1 In compliance with the act of January 25, 1854, the company promptly put Nos. 5 and 6 under contract: No. 5, just above Watkin's Bar, two miles above Brownsville, to Barns and Ross; and No. 6, at Rice's Landing, ton miles farther up, to Messrs. Dull. They were ready for use in November, 1856. Their cost, including raisino, dam No. 4L, and some dredging, was nearly two blundred tbousand dollars. They have never yet paid any percentaue on their cost. Repairs and attendance of the locks have absorbed the receipts. " At he ed of 1856,construction account, including extension, damzages, interest, repairs, etc., amounted to eight hundred and fifty thousand five bundred and ninety-eight dollars, leaving the company in debt two hundred and seventeen thousand dollars. Since 1856, the former account has been gradually increased by improvements, repairs, etc., and the latter greatly diminished; so that at the end of 1872 construction account stands one million olle hundred and forty-six thousand and thirty-eight dollars and sixty-nine cents, -and mortgage debt one hundred ancl ten thousaucl dollars. "1 The second section of the act of January, 1854, already referred to, authorized a pro rata distribution in stock, from time to time, to stockholders of amounts expended in construction, ancl debt incurred therefor, beyond the duplication under the act of 1848. Under these provisions and new subscriptions in 1853, 1855, and 1856, the capital stock has grown to one million four tbousand one -hundred and fifty dollars on January 1, 1873. "Two dams and locks were constructed upon the Youghiogheny River about 1851; but they were completely destroyed by the great ice-flood of January, 1865, and have not since been repaired.* "Floods, unattended by ice, bave beein at times very mischievous in the MonI I i I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PEN7NSYLVANIA. 71 ongahela River. Inl 1843 1852, 1856 1858, 1865 1867, and 1868, destructive floods occurred. The repair account of 1867 exceeded seventy thousand dollars, and that of 1868 reached about sixty-six thousand dollars. The cost of repairs from 1846 to 1873 amounted to four hundred and seventy-three thousand four -hundred and ninety-three dollars and twenty-seven cents. "In addition to these exhausting, burdens upon the company's revenues, it is taxed at all points. Since 1863 it has paid to the United States, in taxes upon its dividends, thirty-five thousand six: hundred and sixty-two dollars and twenty-;six cents'to 1873). And beginning; with 1850, it has paid to t-he State, out of its earnings, in taxes upon its capital stock (dividends), coupons of its bonds, and its gross earnings, seventy-four thousand four hundred and forty-seven dollars and fifty-three cents; besides seventy-fiour thousand. six hundred and thirty-nine dollars and twenty-one cents of tax upon its transportation, called'Tonnage Tax,' of which the State. made it the collector without compensation. After five years of exaction, this most unjust tax was abolished. The State has therefore got back from the company and its business, ill direct taxa-tion, muore than it subscribed ill stock, and nearly twice as much as th-e company realized froin its subscriptions. "A more startling fact is, that, wlhile the aggregate of tolls received by the company, beginning with 1845 and ending witli 1872, is two millions seven hundred and fifty-eight thousand three hundred and fifty-three dollairs and ninetyseven cents, the sum of' its cash dividends to its stockholders has bee n only nine hundred and forty-four thousand six hundred and forty-nine dollars, a little more thani one-third of its earnings; the other two-thirds, besides cash capital stock, havill, beeni absorbed in coinstruction, repairs, interest, taxes, and expenses of attendance and management. Add to this the funded debt (one lhundred and ten thousand dollars) and deduct wbat bas been set off to account of construction (one million one hundred and forty-six thousand and tliirty-eight dollars and sixty-nine cents), and a tolerably proximate estimate inay be made of the companly's current expenses." Themwork upon looks and dams has been of a superior order, the best which, modern skill and science could suo-est; but with all the dilig,ence exercised, d(amag,es by ice and flood bave been annoying, and at times very ex:pensive. The locks have stood severe trials witbout material Wdamaoe; but the dams lhave not been quite as fortunate. The business of the comrpany has always been carefully, economically, and suecessfully mlanaged, and there has never been lo.ss by defaulting officers or age-nts. "Much of the company's success and efficiency is owinu to the energy, skill, and increasino, vigilance of its President (General James K. Moorhead). It is no detraction fi-om the fortitude and faithl of his departed predecessors, who led it through the perils of its early history, to say that he had much to do in the inaugiuration of the plan which extricated it from those perils. Intimately and -practically acquainted with the construction, preservation, and manag,ement of its works from the be-innini- it is not enou(yh to say of himz that his large interests in it have been the motive of his care, for he has ever shown a generous regard f'or the interests of all who have rights in its uses and revenues. Is a defect in its laws to be remedied, or a wrong to be redressed, requiring le,,islation, he procures it to be done. Is a repair needed, he goes right at it, leading his efficient corps of subordinates, into whom he transfers his spirit. Are tolls to be modified and increased facilities for the safe and steady use of t'he navigation to be made, he invokes the counsel and co-operation of the Board, and they are mnodified and made accordingly. Indeed, so completely has he become identified with the I Slackwater, that it has given to him his most familiar sobriquet. "Amonog the subordinate officers wlio have contributed valuable services have been Wm. McEllroy, first Cargo Inspector, his son, Wm. McEllroy, Jr., Samuel L. Connell, Captain Wm. J. Moorhead, and Benja. L. Wood, Jr. Thomas McGowan filled the ofice of Superintendent for over (20) twenty years, and was succeeded by Elisha Pancoast in 1865. The works of the company in Pennsylvania, whein completed, will consist of seven dams with locks, the dams and lift of the locks ran-,iny from eigYht to sixteen feet, in all about seventy-seven and a half feet, their respective heig,hts beinf, eight, ei-,ht, eight, ten, thirteen and a half, fourteen, and sixteen feet. "The dams are construicted of lo,s, squarin- at least a foot, built up perpendicularly from the bed of the river to near the vvater level, when they ber,in to slope on both sides to the comb, after the manner of an old-time lo, cabin. They are tied together by cross timbers parallel with the line of the river, bolted to the lon^,itudinal tirnbers so as to forml a net-work, with interstices of seven by nine feet, filled with stone. Their breadth at the base is about sixty-five feet; their depth below the slopes, as originally built, is from three to six feet, thougfh, by reason of breaches, they are now much deeper in places. "1 Tlhe locks first built in Dalins 1, 2, 3, and 4, are one hundred and ninety by fifty feet in the chambers. The entire lenClthl of the walls is two hundred and fifty-two feet, and their hei(,rht tvventy-five feet. They are ten and twelve feet thick, built of heavy blocks of dressed stone, laid in. hydraulic cement and securely clampedHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 72 COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. indig;ent and afflicted humnanity, m-ade large voluntairy contributions for the purpose of foundin- a public lhospital, to be appropi-iated for the reception and cure of the I insane and afflicted, as well as the sick, helpless, and infirrn.' "A meetin, of these individuals was beld in the city of Pittsburgh, on the 9th day of March, 1847, anid formed tbemselves into all association, which afterwards took the corporate nanme of the' Western Pennsylvania Hospital.' The cbarter. was approved the 18th day of March, 1848. "1 A judicious site for the contemplated hospital was among the first objects tllat eng,aged the attention of the Board of Managers; and a generous donation of twenty-four acres of land, in the Ninth (now Twelfth) Ward of the city of Pittsburgh, was accept-ed for that purpose; forming the square bounded by Ferguson, Smith, Fisk, and Morton Streets. Tlle Managers went to work vigorously, relying upon the generous aid of their fellow-citizens, and erected a large and comrniodious buildin,, dividing the same into medical and surgical wards, which was opened for the receptionl of patients in the month of January, 1853. As the primary thought was the est-ctblislhment of a lhospital for persons receivinog accidental injuries in our maniifactories, only a temporary arrangement was made for the insane;- but frorn daily awakening interest for that afflicted class, before maDy months a department was orgaiiized, and t-he report of the first year's operations expresses the gratification, that of twenty-six iDsane persons admit-ted to the ward, seventeen were entirely restored to sanity." The report then calls special attention to the iinportance of speedy treatmenit upon the eai liest indicatioDs of cerebiral disease, and says, "1 Wben reason is seen to totter under its assaults, and the pillars-of judgmient are sbakten from their places, all human eneroy and talent sbould be at once put forthl to rescue the scene, with its treasures of joy and hope, fromn utter ruin and desolation." "1 The increasing demands upon the hospital for the treatiiient of insane persons prompted the Managers to niake additional provisions for tbeim, aDd an outlay-of money beyond thle means of' the institution becamie necessary. The facts were laid before the Legislature. A supplement to the act of incorporation was passed, and approved the 8th of May, 1855, appropi-iating ten thousand dollars to aid in extending accommiodations for the iinsane; and autlhorizing the COUi'tS of WVestern Pennsvlvania to commit to the hospital any person charged with punisbable offense, who may be found insane; and also empowering the constituted authorities of the respective counties, districts, and townships to send t-o it the indigent insane unider their charge; the admission to be in iratio of their population, recent cases beingf preferred to thlose of Iong standing, aind the inidigent having preference to the r-ich. These restirictions, burnane to the crimliDal and generous to the poor, were onerous upo n an institution founded by private benefactions; but the Managers acceded to the conditions, believing the State would thenceforth take care of the Insane Department. The district designated in the act now einbraces twenty-two counties, foJrmingo.the Western Judicial District of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; and the Governor, Judges of the several court-s of, rcr,anid mlenibers of the Let,islature, were inade ex-offic,io Visitors of the hospital. A further supplement to the cliarter was approved the 19th of March, 1856, girantiDg a further sum of twenty thousand dollars to aid in extending the acconmmodations for the insane of Western Pennsylvania; the proposed additioDal bu'ildin-,s for that purpose to be approved by the Governor, and autlhorizing Ihim to appoint anDlually three Mania-ers on bebalf of the State; and making it the duty of the institution~ to submit yearly, in the montli of January, to the Legislature, a certifled statemnent of the condition of its affiairs. A fur ther act was passed, and approved the 24th of March, 1858, authorizinog the removal of insanle convicts in the Western Penitentiary, upon the report of physicians, awprroved by the Governor, to tlle State Lunatic Hospital, or to the Western Pennsylvania Hospital. This was modlifed by the act of 22vd April, 1863, providing that criminals chai-ged with homicide, arson, r-ape, robbery, or burglalry shall not be coniniitted to the hospital, unless a juiry sball find and belielve tilat a cure iaiay be speedily effected by such iremoval. I cite these acts of Assenibly to show that tbe Legislature, in granting appropiriations of money to the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, inteuded to suboirdiriate its private intentionis to public puirposes. Thley were so reg,arded by the Board of Managers; anld by their acceptance, the institution was placed under the immediate auspices of the State, anid claillls its protection. "Under tllis condition of alliance with the State, two grave questions of policy presentfed thenilselves, upon wliich the MIanag,ers were for some tiilne divided. First, Wlhetlier thle important object in view would not be better promoted by the alter-ation of tlle southei-n win-r of the Twelfth Ward building, and the constr'uCtion of an additionr tliereto, with appropi-iate wLards, giving- a capacity of accommodation for two hundred patients; using the east win- and centre for a i-iedical and surg,ical liospital? or, Seconed, Wlietlier the lhuniarie object of the iristitution, now utider State paltronage, would n()t be iiore successfully piromoted by the entire iremloval of the Insane Department, to a more secluded locality, amid rural surroundings, with unlimited capacity for extellsioD, wlhere, the inmates might Except those of Nos. I and 6, wbich have rock bases, they are built upon heavy oak timber, deeply laid and covered with heavy oak plank. Each of the old locks contains over five thousand three hundred perches of stone. The new ones have proportionlally more. They are two hundred and fifty by fifty-six feet in the chainbe-s, built in other respects as were the o'ld ones. "All the locks are guarded by substantial cribs and fenders, above, below, and at their sides. They are constructed so as to allow at least five feet of water above the mitre-cills, ag,ainst wbich the gates close at their lower entrances. The locks are floored with heavy lon-itudinal timbers, covered with heavy plank, well spiked." The shipment of coal throu-,h the company's locks from 1844 to 1872, inclusive, amounted to. a total of seven hundred and thirty-seven millionls nine hundred and tbirty-one thousand one hundred and one bushels, and the tolls on the same reacbed one million two hundred and fifty-three thousaDd and forty-one dollars and thirty-seven cents. Notwitbstandin- there is an abundance of coal farther up the river, both in Pennsylvania and Virginia, yet none has come from above dam No. 6. The passenger traffic froin 1845 to 1872 was also qzuite extensive. The total number of passengers carried through was over six hundred thousand, and of way passeng,ers, about two millions, not countinog those between 33row'nsville and Geneva. The tolls received from passengers aimfounted to about four hundred and'twenty-five thousand dollars. Tlle total receipts for tolls on all kind.s of freight and passeng,ers were two nlillions seven lhundred and fifty -eight- thousand tbree hundred and fifty-three dlollars and ninety-seven cents. OFFICERS OF THE MONONGAIIELA NAVIGATION COMPANY FROM ITS ORGANIZATION IN 1837 TO 1873, INCLUSIVE. Presidents.-James Clarke, 1837 to 1840; Thomas Bakewell, 1840 to 1841; William Eichbaum, 1841 to 1844 - Samuel R. Johnston, 1844 to 1845; John B. Butler, 1845 to 1846; James K. Moorhead, 1846. Treasurers.-John D. Davis, 1837 to 1844; Thomas M. Howe, 1844 to 1854; William B. Copeland, 1854 to 1864; William Bakewell, 1864. Secretaries.-Jesse H. Duncan, 1837 to 1838; Benjamin Patton, Jr., 1838 to 1839; Nathan McDowell, 1839 to 1840; S. F. Von Bonnhorst, 1840 to 1840; Charles Von Bonnhorst, 1840 to 1841; Thomas Liggett, Jr., 1841 to 1843; William Bakewell, 1843. Amiong the mana-,ers wfho have served for long periods, we may mention Thomas Bakewell, William Eichbaum, John L. Dawson, John Anderson, George W. Cass, Neville B. Craig,, John Graham Joshua Hanna, Adam Jacobs, John Harper, Felix R. Brunot, James Veech, and M. K. Moorhead; all, with oiie exception, serving for ten years or over. CHAPTER XVII. COUNTY INSTITUTIONS-WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL-WESTERN PENITENTIARY-PENNSYLVANIA REFORM SCHOOL-ALLEGHENY COUNTY WORKHOUSE-ALLEGHENY COUNTY HOME. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. TIIERE are no better evidences of the proffressive element in human nature than the girand and nol0le benev'olent institutions wliith are everywlhere spring,ing up in. our land; and these are found even inl the newer States of the far West, where but a fewv years since the wild beast and sava-,e Indian roamed at will. Bilost, if not all, of the States make tbc care of the bliiid, deaf and dumb, aiid insane a matter of public charity, and the smaller subdivisions of counties and townships take care of the indigent aind helpless. In addition to these, we find important institutions in inany places originated and sustained wbolly or in part by individual donations and enterprise, in some instances rivaling the great State charities. Promninent, anld indeed we may say fornemost, anaong these is the mag,nificent institution (one branch located in the city of Pittsburgh and one at Dixmont, seven miles below, on the Ohio River) known as the "Western Pennsylvania Hospital." Th-e beg,inning,s of this entei-prise date back nearly tliirty years. In order to give a clearl understandin-, of the origin and subsequent pro-,ress of this z,re-tt institution, we subjoin copiious extracts firom an annual report of tlle Managers, throu-,wh Mr. John Harper, their President, made to tl-ie Leg,islature of Pennsylvania, for 1867: "A number of the citizens of this Commonwealth, actuated by a sense of religious duty, and thle benevolent disposition to extendl aid, comfort, and relief toCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY 73 enjoy greater opportutity of:exercise, which is so essential to their recoverv, without exposure to the observation of passing stranigers or iintrusive spectators? (At this point I may mention, parenthetically, that Ferguson Street, which fronts the Twelfth Ward Hospital, was seized subsequeiit to the property coming into our possession'by the Pennsylvania Railway Conipany and covered with tracks. As Mrs. Denny, by lher deed of donation, autliorized the Manag,ers to sell that front to aid in endowin, the institution, this appropriation by the railway conmpany rendered the gift valueless-for that purpose, and, indeed, nearly destroyed the usefulness of the whole property for hospital purposes.) Siince the above was written, an arrang,ement has been made satisfactory to both parties. The Mana(rers deed a strip one bundred feet wide along Ferguson Street, for and in consideration of which the railway company agree to pay four thousand dollars per ainnum, and to construct an iron brida,e or viaduct over their tracks at the crossinur. In consideration of having the use of this crossing, Mrs. Denny and Mrs. Schenley, the original donors, by quit-claim deed, relinquislied all right, title, and inter-. est in the property reserved ill the orig,inal deeds. "The questions I have stated were earilestly discussed, and, after mature consideration, the Managers determlined to erect a new, separate hospital beyond the city limits, on a site comabining facility of access, capacious teriritory, and cheerfal prospects for the unhappy inmnates; and it was also decided that nto part of the State appropriatio2is should be expexlcZed; in, the putechase of the grounds. A farm was then bought on the left bank of the Monongahela River, but afterwards sold by the advice of Miss D. L. Dix, on account of having no railroad approaclies. That distingruished lady, wvhose advice was solicited, accompanied a deleg,ation of the Malnagyers, and after visiting, nearly all the fit locations near Pittsburgh, a selection was made of a farm on the rioht bank of the Ohio River, about seven miles below the city, which was bougght through private benefactions. Subsequently, the Board purebased three adjoining tracts of land, wbich were also paid for by generous individual aid. These united farms contain three hundred and seventy acres. This property is readily accessible by river and railroad; possesses ali abundant supply of good water for drinking and culinary purposes, derived frorn a sprint, of sufficient elevation to reach all the stories of the h ospital; it possesses, also, a fine quarry of excellent freestone. In honor of the lady mentioned this domain was named' Dixmont', wbich is also tlle name of the station of the Pittsburgh Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway on the premises. At the base of an abrupt wooded cliff the railroad extends alono, the hospital property two thousand ei, ht hundred feet, parallel and proximate to the river. From this cliff, orc;hard, garden, and pasture land rises to a summit, crowned with forest-trees, of the altitude of four hundred and fi-fty feet. HTalf vvay up the slope, in a pure atmospbere, a site was chosen, commandinf, an extensive and picturesque prospect, UpOll which now stands a most imposinog structure-a hospital for the cure of'mind diseased,' an asylum for the care of' those upon whom God, in his inscrutable wisdom, has laid a chastening hand. "The plan of the building,s was submitted to the Governor, and it met with his approval, and his signature is affixed thereto. The Legislature also sanctioned the undertaking by makin-\ a liberal appropriation towards it, in April, 1859. Indeed, to no otlher source than tlle Commonwealth could the Manat,ers look for the means to erect, furnish, and maintain the organization of an imumense establishmnent, to wh-ich was specially coDfided the indigent insane of twenty-two counties. The workz of the centre building was commenced about the lst of May, 1859, and on the 1 9th of July following the corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies, in the presence of a large concourse of citizens from various parts of the State. " I th men tme,the Twelfth Ward Hospital, under the admirable management of Dr. J. A. Reed (who was elected Superintendent April 19, 1856), became crowded with patients. Alterations were made suitable to the exigfency; and in the year 1860 two hundred and nine inlsane persons received treatment. Owinto the pressure of this class, fewer admissions were made into the medical and surgical departments. Oli the Ilth of November, 1861, the centre building at Dixmont, with the staionhoue,laundry building, water- and gas-works, were partially completed,sBufficiently to allow the occupancy of the premises; and a celebration of the gratifyin, event was attended by the Judges of the Supreme Court, members of the Legislature, and a numerous assemblage of the citizens of Western Pennsylvania. A few days afterward, the removal of one hundred and thirteen patients, with the.attendants and employees, was hap'pily effected; and the institutio n co'nimenced its offices of humanity in the cheering, hope of a prosperous future." It is but -justice to state in this connection that very much of the gratifying ~success which has attended the institution from the first is due to the untiriDng energy, thorough skill, and executive ability of the SuperintendeDt, Dr. J. A. Reed, whose attainments are well and miost favorably known, and whose profes-;sional opinions upon everything, pertaining to the treatment of the insane are always ureceived with gyreat deference, not only by members of the medical profession, but by those in autlolority at Harrissburg. The doctor evidentlv possesses in an eminent degree those qualitieSs wbich fit bimn for the responsible and arduous duties which devolve uponi him. His services' have always been in demand, and his popularity is established as that of a thorough pbysician and a most amliable gentleman. Mrs. Dr. Reed is also entitled to every consideration for her untiring labors, in connection with those of her huisband, to promote the best interests of the institution, and particularly for her excellent influence over the female department. CC At this crisis in the history of the hospital, dark, temlpestuious clouds of civil war had burst in fury upon our hitherto bappy country. There was then but little preparation for the comfort of disabled volunteers, maimed in batt-le or broken down by exposure. For these patriotic sufferers the Manag,ers promptly tendered to the Secretary of War the use of their Twelfth Ward Hospital. It was accepted by Mr. Stanton with expressions of gratitude, and immediately placed in charge of Government officers. Its ample wards were soon filled with sick and wounded goldiers, mostly Pennsylvanians: heroic boys, who periled life that not a star should be taken from the old flag! Nearly a tbousand patients at a, timle were accommnodated in the large building and temporary outside arrangemnents. The sanitary condition of the premises was excellent, from wbich happy results continued to flow; and it was acknowledged by every contributor that the noble use to which this hospital was a-ppropriated was alone a compensation for its erection..At the clolse of the war it was returned with the thanks of the government. The tender of this costly property to the United States was without expectation of remuneration; and no consideration bas ever been asked for its use. Duiring its occupancy by the government, arrangemnents were kept up for the reception of cases of accidental injury, under the provrisions of the clharter. It is still open, as formerlyr, for mnedical and surgical uses; and, by the fortunate means of an organized, patriotic bolunty fund of two bundred thousand dollars, the avails of a sanitary fair in Pittsburgh, it is also open for the care of disabled volunteers, who sacrificed the aspirations of life for their country, but bappily find now in this hospital that a loyal people are never ungratefuLl. " In the Insane Department at Dixmont the effect of the war was imanifested by an increased number of patients. The wards, containing oiie hundred and eight rooms, were soon overcrowded; and to make Dixmont a curative hospital, instead of a custodial asylum, additional accommodations became an imperative necessity. The facts were laid before the Legislature in the report of 1864. And on the 5th of May of that year an appropriatioii was made towards the I foundation of a new wing' (beinu the western extension, as contemplated in the original plan). War prices ruled, but the Legislature bad decided the question of expediency;the Board might economize, but bumanity demanded the woi-k to go on. When the excavation was comlpleted, the MIanauers were startled with the cost. Careful, prudent gentlemen (I need oiily ntamie to the memlbers from Allegheny County the late John Bissell, as ebairman then of the committee) watched the expenditure of every dollar. In March, 1865, anotber appropriation was made for'carpenter-work, brick-work, roof, and ventilators;' and in Apiril, 1866, a further appropriation was made for I completing the western extension.' From the inflated cost of labor and material, the ve-ry liberal grants of the State bave proved inadequate to meet the beavy outlay of the work, includingf annoyinog extras and unforeseen necessities. The extension is now comnpleted satis-factorily, and I do not hesitate to say, economically, considering the times and circunmstances. "It is due that I should make an acknowledgment of the great services of the'Building and Executive Committee; and at this poiint I crave a moment's indulgence. This committee seeks no encomium from me; but silence would be injustice. For a long time past the gentlemen comnposing, it have devoted two days in the week to the business of the hospital, travelingf over sixteen miles each day's visitation, and workinog hard, witlhout other reward tlaan the consciousness of promnoting a noble undertaking. It would be supererogation for me to testify, in the community where they live, as to their busiDess ability, intelligence, integrity, and devotion to duty. The awarding of contracts, overseeing work, makiDg purchiases, scrutinizing bills, managinog to the best advantage the funds of the institution, everything, indeed, has beenl attended to with thbe most scrupulous fidelity. No mnoney is drawn from the treasury but upon thleir warrant; and no warrant is issued without a quorum present, and its necessity sanctioned. I have often met with them in the disc'harge of their duty, and I know and appreciate their worth. While the hospital has such men for active managers, the State need not apprehend the improper use of a dollar of its benefactions. "As nothing of a public nature sbould be withhleld from those entitled to know all the facts, I think it proper to state thlat the picturesquely beauLtiful site chosen at Dixmont, with all its very great advantages,,possessed a defect which could not.have been knoTwn at its purchase, and which time only bas developed.. The stratum upon which the edifice rests is diluvial clay and solid; but the ascending slope, between the building and the rocky summit, is unstratified clay mix:ed with brokenHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 74 Hospital, and four thousand dollars paid annually by the Pennsylvania Railroad Collipanqy. This institution is one of the most complete and best arranged perhaps in the world. It is constructed with a view to perfect ligbt and ventilation, aDd is in' as healthy a location as can be found. The hospital buildinc, stands on a beautiful plateau, elevated ab'out two hundred and eighty feet above the maunificent Ohio River flowing at its feet. The prospect from the portico is scarcely e:xcelled for beauty and variety of scenery in the world. Judge Wilkins, who had traveled,extensively in his own and foreig,n countries, said, enthusiastically, to Mr. Harper, "I have not seen such a niagnificent view even on the Rhine." The valley of the Ohio is in open view from Pittsburgh to a point fifteen or twenty miles fromi the city, with its beautiful and wooded Iiill-sides, its rocky precipices, its cultivated farms, its orchards and gardens, dotted here and there with the white cottage or stately farm-liouse. Almost beneath your feet lies the gem of tlle valley, Neville Island, with its five miles of splendid farms, alternatin" woodlands, cultivated fields, and bower-embosomed hoines, forming a charming setting to the whole unrivaled landscape. The hospital contains twenty, wards, with c omfortable and roomy accoinmodations for four hundred patients, though at the present time there are over five hundred inmates. Each ward is furnished with its separate dining-room, cookroom, pantry, water-closet, and a room for drying bedding that may from any cause become damnp or mildewed, without being in a condition requirin-, the services of the laundry. Platforms, or shelves, are constructed over the steamz-heating apparatus, and the bedding placed thereon is soon thorouglhly dried and renovated. This feature is a new one in hospital economiy. Each ward is supplied with a chute, through which all clothing, bedding, etc., destined for the wash is sent, by means of miniature railways under each ward, direct to the laundry, situated to the west of the main building. Every rooin is carpeted and well furnished, even luxuriously and when we consider that a large share of these unfortunate people are taken from the various almshouses in the twenty-two counties comprising the WVestern Judicial District, it is easy to see that they are better situated than the most sanguine had ever dared hope for. Pictures adorn the walls of halls, corridors, and all the various rooms; libraries, well stocked with choice works, afford, ample food for study and cointemplation; and games of various kinds, such as billiards, backgammon, draughts, chess, domninoes, etc., are allowed to many of the more rational. MIusical instruments are aLso furnisbed for every portion of the building; and a finie lecture-room bas been fitted up for lectures, religious exercises, and tbeatricals. In short, everythingf allowable for the comfort and amusemnent of the inmates is added from time to time, until, at this writing, the hospital has all the convenieiices and appliances of a first-class hotel. Every part of the building is scrupulously clean, even. to the wards occupied by thbe wildest and most intractable portion of the patients. The kitchens, dining-rooms, and table furniture struck us as beiDg kept in the best order of anything in a similar line we bave ever seen. The raale inmnates, many of them, woirk upon the farm and about the premises, contributing considerably to their own inaintenance, and, by judicious exercise, improving their general liealth. The actual earnings of the hospital amount in the a'ggregate to many tbousand dollars per year. The hospital at Dixmont, excelusively for the insane, and the City Hospital in the Twelfth Ward, Pittsburgh, are both under one geineral mianagement as the Western Pennsylvania Hospital. The securities in the hands of the Treasurer of the institution are given in the annual report for 1875 as follows: Mortgag-e on Mercantile Library Hall.............................,,............ $100,000.00 Note of Isabella Furnace Company........................................ 41,383.71 Registered Bond, City of Pittsburgh...................................... 57,000.00 Two Bonds, Allegheny Valley Railroad...............................,,,,,..,..,, 2,(000.00 Total.,,,.............................................,.,, $200,383.71 The trust funds, accordinag to t-he same report, were as followvs: BREWER FUEL FUND. City of Pittsburg;h, five per cent. Comproluise Bonds................................. $13,400.00 Note of Isabella Furnace Company.......................................... 10,958.96 C:ity of Pittsburgh, Water Extension Loan,...................................,.,., 10,000.00.Bond of P. H. Hacke, secured by Mortga,ge..................................., 20,0)00.00 Total.................................................. $54,38.96 CRAWFORD FUEL FUND. City of Pittsburgh, Water Extension Loan.....................................,.,,, $12,000.00 Total Trust Funds.............,.......................... $66,358.96 sandstone, doubtless the debris is of an ancient slide.' Through this pervious superstratum the water, pumped frorn the river to the basin balf-way up, escaped, notwithstanding evTery precaution to prevont leakag,e, and, percolating from the bank at the rear of the buildin-s, occasioDed serious fears of disaster. The firstlaid pipes, too, turned out to be bad, and, ftequently breaking, helped to saturate the spongy soil. Considerable money was expended unavailingly to remedy this evil before th-e Board could consenlt to abandon the basin at the sacrifice of its cost. After, consulting with experienced engineers this was done, and I believe wisely. Upon a diluvial formation of tenacious clay, farther west, near the base of the rock, and close to a deep ravine, whichl will receive the leakage should this basin ever fail, a new double reservoir,lias been constructed, at an elevation of three hundred feet above the river. The work is well done. Two thousand feet of new six-inchi pipe connects this reservoir with the pump-house at the river; and similar new pipe conveys the downward flow of water to the buildings. The fine spring on the premises also discharges its surplus water into the new basin. Relieved of apprehensions by this removal of a source of anxiety, a force was set to work to excavate the mass of earth impendinog at the rear of the building's, which work is still in progfress. The surface of the land has been thorouu,hly drained and planted with fruit-trees. The cost of the grading referred to, aild the carting away of the earth, will be no inconsiderable iteml of expense, justified onlv by stern necessity. "In the month of February of last year a large delegation of the members of' both branches of the Legislature, includin(g most of thle gentlemen on the Commmittee of Ways and Means, visited Dixmont, and expressed great kindliness of feeling towards the institution, and pleasure in the efficiency of its mana einent. The policy of completing the building, by the erection of anotlier win- to the east, was conceded as due to Western Pennsylvania, which h-as this asylum only for its insane. Accordingyly, in the General Appropriation bill, in addition to the usual -rant, for salaries and wages, the sum of sixty-six thousand and eigbtytwo dollars was appropriated, as follows: twenty-five thousaild dollar-s for the commencement of the eastern extension; seventeen thousand one bundrecl and thirty-two dollar.s for furnishinc, the new western e:xtension; one thousand dollars for insurance; three tbousand five hundred dollars for a stone wall in the rear of hospital; fifteen tbousand dollars for new boilers, smoke-stack, etc. (for new engine-house and laundry); and four thousand four hundred and fifty dollars for new ireservoir. The estimate of wants for the year was closely calculated;- but on the final passage of the bill, at the close of the session, in. the general onslaught oni expenditures, the sum above named was c'ut down to fifty tbousand and eightytodolr,leavin-, the particular items and sums as they stand; occasioninng a deficiency of sixteen thousaiid dollars. The Managers proceeded with the work as contemtplated. The utmost economy, consistent with utility, was used in the expenditures, yet the sum witbheld (indeed more) will be needed to pay arrearag,es. The Board do not doubt but your honorable bodies will make good this deficiency. " Without further p articularizing of the details of the construction, we will simply state that the extensions liave been comupleted, furnished, and occupied. The total cost of buildings up to June, 1876, bas been, in round numbers, six hundred thousand dollars. The total cost of the land (three hundred- and seventythree acres) has been forty-three thousand dollars. The institution as it stands complete is valued at sevein hundred thousand dollars. There have been used in the construction the following (approximate) amounts of material: twelve thousand perches stone, six mrillions brick, seventy thousand feet of roofing, eig,hty- thousand yards plastering, and the gas, water, and steampiping amounts to some fourteen miles in length. The floor surface is about four and one-half acres in extent. The total frontage of the hospital, in a stirai"ght line, is seven hundred and fifty-one feet. The city property in the Twelfth Ward includes twenty-f'our acres of land, valued at two hundred tllousand dollars, and buildings valued at one hundred thousand. Total, three bundred tliousand dollars. Making the total agureuate valuation of property, at both places, one million dollars ($1,000,000). "The Legislature has empowered the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, through its organization, to distribute coal to the worthy poor, derived fromi the earnin-,s of certain bequests for that purpose.. William Holmes, Esq., executor of the, late Charles Brewer, paid to the Treasurer certain funds bequeatlhed by the decedent, amountinog in the agure-ate to over fifty thousand dollars.* John Holmes, Esq., executor of the late James Crawford, has paid to the Treasurer ten thousand dollars under the will of decedent, which is invested. Through such benievolent,means the hospital is now the benig,n agency of cheering many an humble fireside.in Pittsbur,h and vicinity." There is an endownment fund of two hundred t-hosn Iolars for the General ",See sta.tement hereafter.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The income froin the fuiel fulnds is expended under the direction of the Boarcl of Mana-,ers, or a committee appointed by tliem, assisted by the benevolent ladies of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. The income is quite large, and its judicious distribution amuon-, the wortby poor of the two cities cariries joy and gladness iltto many a household. Mr. Thomas Bakewell was the first President of this institution, wbich office he filled with great satisfaction until his death, which occurred in March, 1866. Mr. John Harper was chosen to succeed hiim, and hovv well he has filled the position is best evidenced byT the fact that be has been re-elected unanimously ever since. The present officers of the institution are: President. John Harper. Vice-Pi-esidents.-John Homes and Isaac Jones. Secretary and Treasurer.-John A. Harper. Life.4Iztnagers, by subscriptioit of oite thoitsan(I dollars each.-Joseph Albree, B. P. Bakewell, C. W. Batchelor, Frank S. Bissell, F. R. Brunot, John W. Chalfant, Thomas Fawcett, G. Q. B. Fetterman, John Harper, William Holmes, John Holmes, John B. Jackson, Isaac Jones, B. F. Jones, Charles Knap, R. C. Loomis, Reuben Miller, Jr., Wilson Miller, J. K. Moorhead, M. K. Moorhead, John Moorhead, Joseph S. Morrison, William Morrison, James McCandless, William McCreery, Alexander Nimick, Ormsby Phillips, E. W. H. Schenley, J. H. Shoenberger, Charles H. Spang,, A. Stewart, J. B. Sweitzer, W. P. Weyman, W. W. Young, Christopher Zug. Three,years.-James I. Bennett, Robert Beer, Richard E. Breed, Joseph M. Knapp, O. Metcalf, James Park, Jr., H. W Williams. Two years.--William M. Lyon, George A. Berry, T. H. Collier, T. M. Howe, J. A. Harper, John B. McFadden, Alexander Speer (since dead). One year.- F. S. Bissell, William M. Darlington, Richard Edwards, William A. Herron, J. T. Kincaid, P. H. Miller, W. W. Wallace, W. P. Townsend. State Managers.-Hon.. John Scott, of Pittsburgh; General D. B. McCreery, of Erie; and C. M. Boyle, of Uniontown. INSANE DEPARTMENT, DIXMONT. Executive Committee.-Isaac Jones, R.C. Loomis, John Moorhead, Frank S. Bissell, R. Miller, Jr., P. H. Miller. Physician and Superintendent.-Dr. Joseph A. Reed. Assistant Physicians.-Dr. G. W. McNeil, Dr. D. A. Hengst. Supervisor.-Samuel. Caldwell. Clerk,-George R. Slater. Supervisoress.-Miss Eliza Hope. Housekeeper. Miss E. W. Rankin. Committee on Fuel fund.-John B. Jackson, John B. McFadden, J. T. Kincaid, William P. Weyman. On the 1st of June, 1876, there were in the Insane Department at Dixmont -over five hundred patients, and in the City Hospital, Twelfth Ward, Pittsburgh soniethinu, less -tbaii one hundred. Mr. Thomas Chess is Superintendent of the City Hospital. The Surgical and Medical Staff of the City Hospital consists of the following gentlemen: Surgical. C. B. King, M.D.; F. LeMoyne, M.D.'; James McCann, M.D.; J. B. Murdock, M.D. Medical.-W. H. Daly, M.D.; W. Snively, M.D.; William J. Asdale, M.D.; T. C. Rhodes, M.D. These gentlemen alternate in their attendance, one of each class visiting the institution diAily, and in cases of important surgical operations, as well as fevers or bd dseaes,they meet in consult ltion, givingo thae closest possible attention to the unfortunate sufferers wlio have been Placed under their care. This inistitution has lately been thorou-hly overhauled and renovated. Partition walls have been rem-ioved, rooms enlarged, light and ventilittioii iiiiproved, and porches erected alt e ach end of the building, placing it in thorough repair, an d greatly inmproviln- it in vairious ways. WVhen all tlle necessai-y inmprovements contemnplated at Dixmont are completed, grounds gfraded, i-avines filled up, roads finished, and everything in order,- it will be, no doubt, the most coinlplete itistitutioii in the State, if inot ill the United States, an honor alikce to the, Conimonwealth of Pennsylvaniia and the genlerous individuals who liave givenl their tiine, talents, and moiney to itSs upbuilding, and who have lalbored so zealously for its prosperity frioli the beg,inning THE PENITENTIARY. The erection of a State penitentiary for the Western District of Pennsylvania was authoi-ized by an act of the Ass-embly, passed Alarch 3, 1818. It WCIS to be upon the plan of' solital-y confiniement, arld the Select and Common Councils of Pittsburgh were authorized to select a suitable site for the sarne on the public grounds or commzons ill Allegheny. The act appropriated sixty thousaiic dollars. lA lot of not less than ten (10) acres was requiized by the provisions of the act, but three and a half (3-1) acires-were re-vested, and afterwards restored to their original use as comnions. February 27, 1833, an act was passed autholrizing the Inspectors to takte down all the cells wit-hin the outer wat.lls of the penitentiary, and to erect in lieu thereof Ione hundred and eighty-four cells adalpted to solitary confinement wit-h labor, " as I now practiced in the Easteirn Penitentiary." A supplemenital act of April 15, i 1833, autborized one bundred and eig'lity-si:x cells instead of one hundi-ed ancl eighty-four. On the Sth of April, 1869, an act was passsed authorizin- the Inspectors to have the convicts, or portions of them, congTrecgated for the general purposes of labor, learnino, aDd reli-ious services. An act of MIay 21, 1869, provides for commutation of sentences, so that a prisoner earns for hiimself, by good conduct, one moDth on each of tlle first two years, two mlonths on each succeeding year to the fiftli year, and three mont'ls on each followinog year to the teyitli year. Onl the 20tlh of May, 1.818, the Commissioners appointed by the Select and Common Councils of Pittsburgh Organized for business. The present locatioin was agreed upon, aiid Stephen Hills, of Harrisburg,, was appointed Superintendent, at a comlpensation of five dollars per day. MIr. Hills iresigned in 1819, to take charge of the construction of the Capitol buildings at Harrisburg, and David Evans was appointed in his place. Work was steadily continued during the next seven years. Difficulties arose in 1825, touching the rihbts of parties in the "( Common" ground, whicli were finally settled by a release beinog drawn up and signed by all property-owners interested, forever quit-claiming all ri-ht, title, and interest in the same. This release was si;,ned by thirty-two (32) persons. Oii the lst day of July, 1826, a portion of the building,s and cells were delivered to the Inspectors, and on November 27, 1827, the entire work was completed. The total cost of buildings and appurtenances approxinmates six hundred and fifty tbousand dollars ($650,000). The ground-plan of the pireLlises is underlaid with a complete net-woirk of vaults, culverts, and sewers, built of stone, birick, iron, and mortar, in the best manner. There are about twelve (12) miles of water, stearn, gas, and sewerage pipes in use. These iimprovements were mostly made many years ago, when labor and matei-ials weire cheap. Good autbority estimates the cost of these improvements, at present pi-ices, at two and a half million dollars ($2,500,000). The prisoners are Dow mostly. worked on the "congreate system," in large, airy, and well-lighted buildings. The principal braDClIeS of manufactures earlried on are boots and shoes, whips, and brooms. The manufacture of cigars and weavin,, are carrieid on by the State. Thlere is generally sufficieilt wolrk to keep the able-bodied prisoneirs busy. Thle contractors in the boot and shoe department are Messrs. W. E. Schmertz Co.; in the whip department, Messrs. Weaver Bardall; and in the broom department, Messrs. Watt, Lang ; Co. A neat aiid conmnodious chapel is attached to th-e prison. It is provtided with a new oi-,an, and the ftirniture is plain and substantial. The males and fenilales occupy separate apartmlentis, and are not visible to each otber. The religious mana,ement is in the hayids of the Presbyterians, but all denominations are allowed to take pall; in the exercisesR and visit the prisoners in their cells. There is a day school under cliarge of the Rev. J. S. Travelli. The chaplain and teacher are salaried by the State. A Sabbath-school is connected. with the chapel. The schools are repoi-ted in a flouirisbing condition. All legal holidays are observed, and occasionall concerts are given for the benefit of the pirisonlers, who enjoy them greatly. An extensive laundry is attaclhed to tlle prison, alzld tlilre are the inecessary engines ancl boilers for th-e greneration of steamD and power us~ed in the different departments. An oldl-fasliiOlled beam enguine, erected in 1834, and in use ever since, is among tlhe cui-iosities of the institutio)n. The cells are mostIly arranged for anid occupied by twvo prisoners each, anld n-ieals are furnishecl thei-n in thiese, instead of at cl coniiynon table. All the various apartments andl cells are kept in a remarkably neat conldition, and manly of them.are vei-y tastefully fitted up and adorned by their occupants. The arran,-,emenlts folr li,,lAinf,, ventilatin,, and dirairlin, th-e prisoin are niost excellent, as the report of the p'iisonl physician, Dr. D. N. Rankin, abundalntly test;ifies. His repoi-t for the year:1.875 sh-ows only six cleaths out of a total lurnlber of seven hundlred aicl fifcy-six, ancl these were all froiii pulrnonary coillsu!lption, the pi-isoners beint, in a very bad state of health when received. During the year, sevenity-five patieilts were trealted in hospital. The prison librai-y contains betwveen four ai-id five thousztnd volurnies. These include lhistory, biography, miscellaneous, roliiaine, morals, science, poetry, ti-avels, and maga,76 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. mieibers of the comlmunity, amuply repaying the State for all inoneys expendecl in their behalf. - - Various employments bave been, from time to time, furniished, among wbich arIe whip-makiDg, shoe-niakin-, knitting, baking, domestic work, cleallill,, tailoring, sewing, etc. The whip department has been recently transferred to the Western Penitentiary. The last annual report of Assistant-Superintendent N. W. Hunt, of the boys' school, showed an attendance of one hundred and seventy-seven. The school for tlle past year is reported as havin- been unusually succes.sful. The report of the girls' school shows a total of fifty-ei;,ht in attendance, and a satisfactory condition for the past year. A chapel is attached to the iristitution, and the children are regularly instructed in religious matters. The library cointains a total of twenty-two hundred and seven volumes, including sixteen hundred and forty-three volumes in the boys' library, and five hundred and sixty-four in the girls? library. The institution seems to have been unfortunately located in some respects, in a sanitary point of view. In tlhe five months from December, 1874, to April, 1875, there were no fewer than two hundred a-nd ten cases of typhoid fever, and sixty cases of typhoid dysentery, out of an entire number of three bhundred inmates. The, principal cause of this unprecedented amount of sickness is given by the attending physca as being, the low-lying situation, near the outlet of two rivers, Allegheny and Monongahela, into which drains the sewerage of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. By an act of the Assembly, approved March 20, 1872, the Managers of the House of Refuge were authorized to sell at public or private sale the real estate and buildings in t'ne City of Allegheny, and invest the proceeds of such sales in such other real estate and buildings at such point in Western Pennsylvania, not exceedinU, fifty miles from Pittsburgh, as such Managers in their discretion should select; the name was also eban^,ed to the " Pennsylvania Reform School." Selection of a tract of land in Morganza, Washington County, was imade by the Managers, and the buildin-,s are at this date (June 1, 1876) nearly ready for occupancy. The total expenditures for the. twelve mlonths ending December 1, 1875, were one bundred and fifty-five thousand seven hundred and thirty-two dollars and fifty cenlts. The total number of adrllissions to the institution from December 15, 1854, to December 28, 187.5 was three thousand and ei-bhty-three, and the total number remaining at tlle last date was two hundred and thirty-five. OFFICERS AND MANAGERS, 187 6. President.-Thomas J. Bigham. Vice-President;.-John E. Parke. Secretary. Josiah King. Treasurer. Christian Yeager. Managers.-J. W. Alexander, John J. Gillespie, Jonathan Lenz, Frank S. Bissell, Henry Irwin, John Phillips, G. L. B. Fetterman, A. F. Keating, Wm. Rinehart, Thomas Weightman, Joseph Woodwell, Peter Zern. Superintendent.-I. F. Loomis. Assistant Superintendent.-Andrew Young. Physician.-W. H. Daly, M.D. Clerk and Librarian.-W. A. McGiffin. ALLEGHENY COUNTY WORK-HOUSE. This institution is located at Claremont, near the "Allegheny City Home," and is one of the most important in the County, both as regards the amount of money expended and the number of unfortunates who are from time to time confined within its walls. The Board of Prison Inspectors of Allegheny County, composed of the Judges of the District C:ourt and Court of Common Pleas, the Sheriff, the Mayors of the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, the County Controller, and the Commissioners of the County, imnpressed with the iiecessity of relieving the tax-payers from the burden of supporting a large and constantly increasing number of prisoners in the County jail, determined to build a work-house, in which the labor of the inmat es-would at least meet the cost of their maintenance. In the year 1866 the Board of Prison Inspectors petitioned the Legislature to enact a law authorizing the County Commissioners to issue bonds to the amount of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, bearing seven per cent. (7) interest, for the purpose of erecting a work-house and inebriate asylum, organizing a board of maiia-ers to have sole coiitrol and mnanag,ement of said institution, anld emnpowering them to purcbase, for said purpose, a tract of land containin-, not more than fifty acres. Soon after the passalge of this act, the Board of Prison Inspectors appointed five citizens of the County as Managers. zines; and inielude quite a lai-ge nuiiiber of German books ancl a supply of newspapers. The rebel officers captured during, Morgan's celebrated raid through Indiana and Ohio, to the number of one hundred and eighteen, were confined here for a period of nine or ten montbs. Among, the oldest employees are H. T. Stewart, the gentlemanly steward, and Mr. Robert Caskey, the latter of wbom lias been continuously employed in various capacities since August, 1833, a period of forty-three years. During the year 1875, the number of prisoners employed on contract work was.. 329 On prison................................................................ 50 On m iscellaneous labor..................,,,...,,,............................ 76 Sick anld infirm............................................... 35 Idle................................................................. 79 59 tThe earnings of associated labor have been as follows: Slioe-shops.................................................... $17,31 t.89 Broom -shops..................................................... 10,868.36 W hip-shol-)s............................................... 3,415.95 M a,rble-shops................................................... 1,848.88 - ~~~~$33,451.08 Overwork of prisoners..................,..,......................... 1,653.79 $35,104.87 The earninlgs on prison account have been: Cigalr department.......................................... $1991.31 Shoo....................................., 486. l9 lVea-ving........................................ 601.67 $3Y079.17 Tota^l eaUrnincgs......................................... $38,184.04 The total numier of prisoners taken into the institution from July 1, 1826, to Dlecemlber 31, 1875, was 5002: white, 4441; colored, 561. Nativity.-From. State of Pennsylvania, 2401; from other States, 1338; from foreig,n countries, 1263-total, 5002. Remainiml, in confinemnent December 31, 1875, 569; approximate number June 1, 1876, 650. In droppin-, the solitary for the congregate system of labor, it was necessary to make exteinsive and important chanues in th-e internal arrang,ements of the buildin,,. These were conimenced in 1872, and continued durin- the next year. OFFICERS. Inspectors of the Penitentiary.-Theodore H. Nevin, Ormsby Phillips, Robert H. Davis, John Dean, George A. Kelly. President of the Board.-Theodore H. Nevin. Treasurer.-Robert H. Davis. Secretary. Ormsby Phillips. Warden. Edward S. Wright. Deputy Warden.-Hugh S. McKean. Chaplain.Rev. J. S. Milligan. Physician.- D. N. Rankin, M.D. Teacher.- Rev. J. S. Travelli. Clerk.-John Miller. Steward.-H. T. Stewart. PENNSYLVANIA REFORM SCHOOL. LATE HOUSE OF REFUGE OF WESTERN PENNSYLYANIA. The House of Refuge for Western Pennsylvania was incorporated by act of Assembly, approved April 22, 1850. By the provisions of this act every person who should pay into the funds of the institution the sum of fifty dollars, or ten dollars annually for a term of six years, should be a member for life; and eversy,one contributing two dollars annually should be a member so Ion- as the contributions continued. The -rounlds and buildings were ex:empted fromi taxation, and twenty thousand dollars were appropriated towards the object. By a suppleiuental act of Assembly, passed March 18, 185l, the several counties within the Western Judicial District of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania were authorized to subscribe the County of Allegheny not to exceed twenty thousand dolars,and the several other counties not exceeding, ten thousand dollars, towards the erection of a house of refuge for Western Pennsylvania. The institution was first opened in 1854, and the first inmates were received December 15 of that year. Early in the history of the institution the Managers determined that no personal or political considerations should ever be allowed to influence their actions, and that in the religious instruction to be provided for the inmates denominational or sectarian peculiarities should have no place. This policy bas been strictly adhered to. Very many of the youth who have been trained, instructed, and cared for within its walls have become good and usefulHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 77 The Board, sensible that-the experience of others would be of great advantage to them, and that a personal examination of similar institutions would give them a better insight into their practical workings than any amount of fine-spun theories, very wisely determined to see for themselves, and profit by the knowledge thlus obtained. They accordingly, in company with their architect, visited many of the prominent institutions both East and West, investigating the different plans of maintaining discipline amonff the prisoners, and the most approved desiglns for the'necessary buildings. Having gained all desired information UpOil these points, the next thin-, was to select a suLitable location, -one that would combine all the reqLuisites, as far as possible, of clay, stone, and sand for building purposes, and a never failing supply of pure water, to-ether with facilities for easy and cheap transportation, both by water and rail, if practicable. All these desirable requisites were found on a tract of fifty acres at Claremont,,upon which the buildings have since been erected. In addition to other a.dvantag,es, the location. by reason of its accessibility to the city of Pittsburgh, reduces the expense of transportation of ssupplies and products. This is a very important item. to the manufacturing department, as the amount expended durinog the year for freight aggregates about seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000). The location known as the Beatty farm, patented by the State to the original owners under the name of " Claremont" (which name has been retained), was purchased at the rate of five hunidred dollars per acre. This farml furnished nearly all the sand, gravel, stone, and clay used in the building, and also the brick for the construction of the Allegheny City Home, erected on the adjoining premises. The springs furnish a copious supply of pure, soft water for washing, culinary, and manufacturing purposes. The buildings were erected during the years 1868-69. In 1S70, Mr. Henry Cordier, of Waupun, Wisconsin, was secured as Superintendent..This gentleman had been successfully conDected with a penal Institution in Wisconsin, a nd brought a valuable experience to the management of the institution. The buildings were completed during, the years 1870-71, but there still remained the surrounding walls to con.struct, and the necessary machinery to be purebased in order to make the establishment what its founders designed it to be,-a secure prisoD and a paying inastitution. Anxious to give employment to the inmates, the Board of Managers pledoed their individual credit, and borrowed the money that was necessary for the completion of the shops and the purchase of machinery and stock. During, the year 1873 the last of the indebtedness, amounting to ten thousand seven hundred and seven dollars and forty-three cents (810,707.43), was paid. The Legislatures of 1866, 1867, and 1871, rebspectively, authorized the County Commissioners to issue seven per cent. bonds to the amount of $150,000, $75,000, and $100 000, makinng a total of $325,000. The proceeds of these bonds, with the amount received yearly from the tavern licenses, have been sufficient to purchase the grounds, erect the buildings, and furnish a reasonable capital for manufacturing purposes. According to the report of the Superintendent, the gross earinings of the WorkHouse for 1873 were $69,501.14, and its current expenses were $55,206.41, leaving, a net profit of $14 294.73. The amount-received from the County Treasurer, accruing, from the one-mill tax and the liquor licenses, for 1873, was $100,000. This bas beeii invested in the new Female Prison, and in stock for manufacturing purposes. -The Female Prison was erected in 1873. It is a brick structure, one hundred a-nd ninety-four feet long, forty-eight feet wide, and twenty-six feet high. It bas ten windows on eachi side, each window fourteen anid a half feet bigh and tl-ee and a half feet ivide. In the middle part of thl-is room is a block, three tiers high, wbich contains oine hundred aild fifty cells. In connection witli this roomi are twvo additional buildings, eacli twenity-six feet wide, fifty feet deep, and two stories hi-,h. The main building of this department is sixty feet wide, forty-eight feet deep, and two stories hig,h, e:xclusive of basement, and is to contain the Matrons' rooms and Deputy Superintendent's dwelling. The cash earnings of the Work-House for the year 1874, after deducting the sum of five thousand dollars as the depreciation of the value of barrel material on band, were as follows: In the Barrel-Factory.................,...............................,,,,,.,. $f3,.675.98 In t-l-e Brick-Ya,rd,,...................................... 4,089.98 In the Laundry............,,.............................. 3,267,65 Total............................................., $71,03.61 ESxpenditures during the same time...................................... 57,739.84 Leaving a gain of,...................................................,.,,,, $13,293.77 Add amount of prisoners' labor in improvements of various kinds.............................................. 5,a3S38.00 Leaves a net surplus of........................................ $18,641.77 On the 28th day of April, 1875, a disastrous confagration occulrred in this; institultio'n. Its origfin was traced to a defective flue in the bakery. When first discovered,'a large volume of smoke was issuing from the roo-f of the north wing, and the prisoners were at once set at work to extinguish it; but it was soon apparent that it could not be done with the appliances at hand, and assistarlce from Allegheny and Pittsburgh- was immediately telegfraphed for and promptly afforded. Notwithstanding all efforts, the north and east wings were completely burned out, entailino, a loss of thirty-five' thousand dollars, upon which there was an inisurance. of twenty-two thousand seven hunidred dollars. New and improved bulilding,s were at once erected, and the iDstitution is now more complete than before. On accouDt of the general depression in bulsiness, the earnings of the WorkHouse for 1875 fell off materially from the preceding years. The report of the. Superintendent shows the net income for the year as follows: From the Barrel -Factory......................................,,..., 17,4()1.31 Fromn the Laundry...............,............................. 2,24'J.56 From sundry labor............................................. 5,367.50 To)tal............................................... $2.5,018.37 Ordinary expenses for the same tiime..................................... 47,413...39 Deficit........................................., 22,3'95.02 The total earnings for four years have been................................., $214,1.38.25 Total expendlitures........................................... 208,022.99 Surplus earnings.......................................... $6,l 15.26 The sanitary condition of the Work-House is most excellent, as shown by the Physician's report; only six deaJths occurring duirin-, tlhe year ouLt of a population of two thousand two hundred and ninety-four. Twenty-eight deaths have occurred since the organization of the institution, in a total of over ten thousand. When the vicious habits and tendencies to disease of those who are sent here) are taken into consideration, the showin, is remar-kable, ancl not only demonstrates the general healthfuliiess of the location, but also shows the excellent care taken of the inmates. The total number received since the organization to Decernber 31, 1875, is as follows: Born in the United States.......................................... 5,1Xfi Born in foreign countries........................................... 5,041 Total............................................1 0 77 Number remaining December 31, 1875.....................................,,,.,,,,,, 361 ALLEGHENY COUNTY HOME. This institution was established by an act approved April 23, 1852. The Commissioners appointed under the provisions of this act were Alexander Carnaghan, Thomas Blackmore, John Boyle, Erasmus Cooper, Thomas Varner, James Kelly, John Gillfillin, Jr., Henry Chalfant, and Christian Snively. The Board organized, November 1, 1852. Thomas Varner was elected President, and John Gillfillin, Jr., Secretary. A farm containing two hundred and five acres was purchased of Jeremiah Dunlavey, in Collier, formerly South Fayette, Township, April 12, 1853. The cost of this tract was ninety dollars per acre, making, an aggregate of eighteen thousaind four hundred and fifty dolIlars. The original buildinlgs erected tbereon cost twenty-tbree thiousand two hundred and fifty-five dollars. The buildinos were first occupied September 19, 1854. They were constructed under the supervision of Joseph W. Kerr, architect. The contractors were Abraham and Isaac Patterson. The first board of Directors organized November 6, 1854. The " Home" is situated at Woodville Station, on the Chartiers Valley Railway, ten miles from the Union Depot, in Pittsburgh. The number of inmates December 31, 1875, 234. Total receipts and expenditures for 1875, $41l,575.69. OFFICERS. Directors.-Thomas Varner, President; James W. Bell, Secretary; Henry R. Chalfant. Superintendent.-D. C. Hultz. Matron.-Miss Elizabeth Carter. Teacher and Assistant-Matron.-Miss Ellen K. Hultz. -Physician.-D. Donaldson, M.D. Farmer.-James McC. Porter. Chaplain.-Rev. James Kirk.i I I I I i I I I I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. t-8 and he Western States,carrying, with them the iDtelliff once derived fionm the presence of two colleges and other educational institutions in that county. The southern part of Allegheny County, which borders on Washington and Westmoreland, was identified with them in the character of its early settlers, and it is there we find the oldest of the Presbyterian churches of the County whose history is here briefly chronicled. Pittsburgh and its immediate. vicinity was without " benefit of cler,,y" of any denoiiiination at its earliest settlement.t These Presbyterian pioneers were agriculturists, and sou-ht localities favor'able for-tood farms, ratber tban promisin- places fortirade and for investmeDt in town lots; and, althlou-h the Presbyterians were among the first to sow any good seed among, the miixed population of Indian traders and wild advrenturers who were attracted to the inviting point wbhere Pittsburgh no'w stands, their oldest churches are found grouped airound that central locality in Washington County wbere John McMillan ancl his co-laborei-s prosecuted tbeir apostolic work. Thus it is that the churches of Pittsburgh are not the oldest in Allegheny County. Those of Bethel, Lebanon, Montours, and Beulah ante-date them. BETHEL is the oldest Presbyterian Church in the County. It is said to bave been organized in thle latter part of the year 1777, by Rev. John McMillan, pastor of the neighboring, churches of Chartiers and Pigeon Creek, in Washington County, and about two years after bis advent to the West, the Centennial of wbich was celebrated in those churches in August, 1875. Thlis church was supplied with occasional preaching, until 1781, when Rev. John Black became its first pastor, connecting with it the neigbhborinff church of Lebanon, accoirding, to the uDiform custom of those days, when each minister was compelled to have the charge of two churches in order to secure anything, like an adequiate siipport., These chuLrches slhared in the remarkable revrivals of religion wbich visited this reff ion about that time. A full account of those revivals, especially of the wonderful " falling work" of 1802-3 May be found in the " Centenary Memorial," in the portion entitled the " Religious History.-" Rev. William Woods became pastor of Bethel and Lebanon in June, 1796, and so continued until bis death, in IS31. Rev. George Marshall succeeded to the pastorate of Bethel alone in 1833, and held the relation for nearly forty years, until his death, in April, 1872. Dr. Marshall was greatly useful in his work, having beenl blessed with several revivals of religion? in one of which (in 1857-58) over seventy were brou^,ht into the church. Ile also founded and conducted the Bethel Academy. Rev. Cornelius W. Wycoff, the present pastor, was installed December 12, 1873. The membership in April, 1876, was two hundred and twenty-five. LEBANON CHURCH WaS organized by Dr. McMillan, about a year later than Bethel, and was served also by occasional supplies until 1781, when it becanme a part of the pastoral charge of Rev. John Clark. This relation was dissolved in:1788, and the chuLrch remained vacant for several years, with only occasional supplies. In 1796 it was reunited with Bethel, under the charge of Rev. William Woods, and so continued until 1820, when, each of these churches havin-, become strong enough to support a pastor, the union was dissolved, Mr. Woods remaining pastor of Bethel alone. Rev. Thomas D. Baird became pastor of Lebanon in 1821, and resigned in 1835, to become the editor of the Pittsburgh, Christian Herald (now the Presbyterian Banner). Dulring the years following Dr. Baird's withdrawal, a series of brief pastorates is recoi-ded, namiely: Rev. Samuel Henderson, installed in 1836; Rev. William G. Johnston, in 1841 - Rev. John M'Conoughy, in 1848; Rev. O. H. Miller, in 1849; and Rev. A. O. Rockwell, in 1858,-he resigned in 1869. The pastorate of Rev. Samuel S. Shriver commenced in June, 1870, and still continues. Membership in 1876, one hundred aiid eiglity-four. MONTOURS iS another of the old oirganizations wbose Origill dates back; into the last century, thout,h its earliest records are not in existence. It miust bave been organized somne time previous to the year 1789, for it was in April of that year that Rev. Joseph Patterson was called to the pastorate, and in November he was ordained and installed over the united congregations of Montours and Raccoon. The subsequent pastors of Montours were Rev. John McLane, who resigned in 1811; Rev. Michael Law, who was ordained and installed in 1812. He died in 1821, on his return from a visit to the Indian mission on the Maumee, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert M. Laird, then by Rev. John K. Cunningham, tben by Rev. Thomas P. Gordon, then by Rev. Thomas Stevenson, then by Rev. Isaac N. McKinney, then by Rev. Levi Risher, then by Rev. H. C. Foulke, the last of these having, entered on his pastorate in 1864. CHAPTER XVIII. RELIGIOUS THIS chapter contains all that properly comes under the head of religious institutions in Allegheny County, iincluding bistorical sketchies of the various Christian denominations,-Presbyterian, Methodist, Catholic, Episcopal, Baptist, Lutheran, German Evangelical, etc.; the Pennsylvania Female College, at Shady Side; the Western and Allegheny Theological Seminaries; the "Sheltering Arms," and'Home for Aged Protestant Women,"-the last two beinlg religious benevolent inistitutions. The Presbyterian branch of the Christian Church is tlhe leadin-, denomination, both in the number of or,anizationls aiid commluiicalits. Undcer the different -titles of Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Reformed, and Cumberland Presbyterian, it included, according to the census of 1870, within the Limits of Allegheny County, one hundred aiid ten oirgaiiizations and fifty-one thousaiid three huniidred and seventy-five (51,375) SittillgS. The pioincer of this deniomination wa's the Rev. John McMillan, who first visited -this re(lioli ill the summer of 1775, anid preaclied at Chartiers, Pigeon Creek, and Pittsburgh, and orgainized tbe earliest chiurches. The earliest organiization of the United Presbyterian Church appears to have been in November, 1801, in Pittsburgh. The first Methodist Episcopal Church was organized about 1824, and the formation of the Methodist Protestant Church took place in 1829. The Catholic Church was the earliest in this field of any, baving appeared with the first French expedition under Contrecoeur at the " Forks," in the spring of' 1754. The Protestant Episcopal, or Church of England, was also among the earliest in this vicinity, having been organized as early as 1787. It is claimed by the German Evangelical Protestant Church that they were the first Protestant denomination to organize in Pittsburgh, dating back to 1782. The Lutheran denomination is quite numerous, having sixteen organizations,and some very costly churches. The Baptists appear to have been the very earliest Protestant denomination to organize in the County. From notes kinidly fuiriislied us by Rev. Mr. Woodburn, of the Sandusky Street Church, Allegheny, it appears that the first Baptist church was orgfanized and knowni as the " Peters Creek Church," at what is now called Library November 10, 1773. The first church in Pittsburgh was organized in 1812, and the second, or Welsh Church, in 1827. There are now twenty-one Baptist churches in the County, with a total membership of tbree thousaild twvo liundred aind thirteen. Beside these there were in 1875 five Congregational Societies, three Jewish synagogues, one Universalist, one Unitarian, one Zion, one New Jerusalem, and one Welsh Calvinistic churches, making a grand aggregate of nearly three hundred (300) in the County, with about one hundred and thirty thousand sittings and an approximate valuation of eight million dollars ($8,000,000). HISTORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. The original settlers of Western Pensylvania were chiefly Presbyterians. Tbey were largely of that hardy and adventurous race of Scotch-Irish, whose ancestors had sought the shores of America as a refuge from civil and ecclesiastical oppression, and had occupied the inviting region of Southeastern Pennsylvania, under the friendly rule of the Penns. Along, with these were also a goodly number of New Jersey descendants of the original Puritan settlers of New England. Rapidly as the Indian titles to lands came to be extinguished, or even in process of extinction, these people were ready to come and take possession. Where a way was opell to the West they entered, and where there was no way they made one. In that interesting volume recently published, " Centenary Memorial of the Planting and Growth of Presbyterianism in Western Pennsylvania and the Parts Adjacent," in Judge Veech's article, called the " Secular History," may be found a full account of the migrations from the region above mentioned (which he calls the nursery of American Presbyterianism) to this cismontane country, and the occupancy first of what are now Fayette and Westmoreland Counties, and then of the Mesopotamian region west of the Monongahela River, which now comprises the counties of Washington, Greene, and Allegheny. Of these, Washington County became the centre of population, and another great nursery, wbose vigorous sons and daughters have been transplanted into the inviting fields of Ohio t The Catholic Church hacl priests with the French army at Fort Duquesne.' By Rev. Aaron Williams, D.D.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 79 the building, by the sheriff, well illusti-ates the low state of religion in Pittsburgh at this period. November 4, 1819, Rev. Elisha P. Swift was installed pastor of the Second Church, and uiider bis eloqLuent preaelling and faithfLil pastoral labor the church soon became strong and influential. The prominent pairt taken by Dr. Swift in inaugurating the gireat foreign missionary work of the Presbyterian Church, in her ecclesiastical capacity, is well recorded by Rev. E. E. Swift, D.D., in the "1 Centenary Memorial Voluine," in bis missio)nary history. In 1833 Dr. E. P. Swift resigned Iiis charge of the Second Church, in order to devote himself wholly to the management of the forei-,n missionary work. Rev. Joseph W., Blythe succeeded iminmediately to the pastorate on Dr. Swift's retirement. He resigned in 1886, and wvas succeeded in 1837 by Rev. Robert Dunlap, who died in 1847. In May, 1849, Rev. William D. Howard was installed pastor, and has so continued till this time, notwithstanding repeated efforts to transfer him to other invit-ing fields. Memibersbip in 1876, fout hundred and ninety-nine. The numerous other churches of Pittsburgh and vicinity are all outgtrowths from the parent stock of the old First and Second Churches. The THIRD CHURCH was a colony from the First Church, and was organized March 19, 1833. It embraced mnost of th-e New England and New School elements then residing, in Pittsburgh, and during the disruption of the two branches, from 1837 to 1870, it was connected with the New School body. Its first pastor was Rev. David H. Riddle, D.D., who was installed January, 1834, and renmained pastor until January, 1857. He was succeeded in January, 1858, by Rev. Henry Kendall D.D.,who resigned in October, 1861. Rev. Herrick Johnston, D.D., was installed in January, 1863, and resigned in September, 1867. Rest. F. A. Noble was installed ill February, 1869, and resic,ned in October, 1875. In May, 1876, Rev. John De Witt accepted a call from this church, and entered orn his labors, but after thiree montbs received a call fronm the Tenth Church of Philadelphia, which he accepted. Membership, four l-lundred and forty-five. The FOURTH CHURCH (formerly Northern Liberties) was organized in 1830. Rev. Alan D. Campbell, through, whose labors it wals gathered and its first house of worship erected, was installed pastor in August, 1831, and resigned in December, 1838. Rev. A. S. McMaster was installed in May, 1839, and resigned in 1843. Rev. Samuel Fulton was installed in January, 1844, and resigned in the spring, of 1861. Rev. A. C. McClelland was installed in Novembei-, 1861, and resig,ned in July, 1869. Rev. S. H. Thompson was installed in January, 1870, and resigned at the close of the same year. Rev. William Greenough was installed in June, 1871, and resi,ned in January, 1873. Rev. Robert R. Moore, the present pastor, was installed in November, 1873. Membership, one hundred and fifty. - The FIFTH CHURCH (now CENTRAL) was organized as a New School Church in July, 1839, with eig,hteen members. Rev. James M. Davis, its first pastor, was immediately installed, and continued a very successful pastorate until June, 1844. In January, 1845, Rev. William Sterling became pastor, and resiolned in March, 1846. Rev. John Black was called in December, 1846, and labored earnestly, but with feeble health, until February, 1847, when he died without baving been installed. Rev. J. W. Rea then supplied for a few months. In September, 1847, Rev. Nathaniel West, Sr., became pastor, and continued until April, 1852. During his pastorate in January, 1850, the church changed its relations and became connected with the Old School. Rev. Nathaniel West, Jr., succeeded his father in 1852, and resigned in April, 1854. In August, 1855 the church was closed, and iremained in a state of suspended animaltion until February, 1858, when a new organization took place, and Rev. M. W. Jacobus, D.D., Professor in the Western Theological Seminary, took the pastoral charge. He secured for the church a good degree of prosperity. In 1874, on account of impaired health and other engrossing employments, Dr. Jacobus resigned, and was succeeded in October, 1874, by Rev. John M. Smith, who held the charge until October,1875, wbeni be was called to the Church of Canonsburg. Rev. F. L. Senour became stated supply in 1876, in connection witb his charge of the SEVENTH CHURCH (Minersville) as pastor. Membership, four hundred and thirty. The SIXTH CHURCH was organized in August, 1850. Rev. Daniel McKinley was installed as first pastor in December, 1850, and resigned in April, 1852. Rev. T. B. Wilson was installed in October 1852, and resigned in April, 1850. Rev. Samuel Findley was installed in May, 1857, and resigned in June, 1861. Rev. Samuel J. Wilson, D.D., became stated supply in January, 1862, and was installed in November, 1866. He is still the pastor. Membership, four hundred and thirty-one. The SEVENTH CHURCH (formerly Minersville) was organized in June, 1833, and. Rev. Aaron Williams became its first pastor. This church grew out of a We have not space' for more than the names of these wortbly pastors. Rev. John J. Beacom entered on his highly successful pastorate here in September, 1868, and still remains; his floclk havitig grown so large as to require another fold, -the church of FOREST GROVE, organized in May, 1863. Mr. Beacom is pastor of both churches. Membership in Montours, one hundred and seventy-five; in Forest Grove, two hundred and sixteen. The FIRST CHURCH, PITTSBURGH, dates its origin as far back as 1785, although it was visited as early as 1753 by Rev. Charles Beatty, a chaplain in the army of General Forbes, who preached a Thanksgiving, sermon on Monday, November 26, on the occasion of the abandonment of Fort Duquesne by the French. Messrs. Beatty and Duffield visited it again in 1766, and preached, when on a missionary tour to the Indians of the West. Rev. Daniel McClure, a missionary, wbo visited the Indians on the Muskingum in 1772, tarried about three weeks at Pittsburgh, and preached several times. There was also occasional preaching by Rev. Messrs. McMillan,Power, Finley, and Smith, the pioneer ministers of this region. It was not until 1785 that it was recognized as a regular congregation, with Rev. Samuel Barr as its pastor.* In 1787, ani act of incorporation for the "Presbyterian Congregation of the town of Pittsburgh" was securecl from the Legislature of Pennsylvania. A curious and somewhat amusing account of the passage of the act granting this -charter may be found in the " Centenary Memorial," in Mr. William Darlington's history of " Pittsburgh in the Last Century." He has also told us of the erection of the first house of worship by Mr. John Wilkins, " a church of squared timbers and moderate dimensions, and the only one in town for about sixteen years. Mr. Barr continued to act as pastor (though without installation) till 1789. In 1791 Rev. Mr. Mahon preached for a short time. In 1799, after several years during which there were only occasional supplies, Rev. Robert Steele became the stated supply, and he continued to act as pastor until 1810, the year of his death. Rev. Joseph Stockton supplied the pulpit for some time during the year 1810. The church was still in a sort of uncrystallized condition, few in membership, feeble in influence, and with a low state of morals, even among some of its members. It was not until 1811, when Rev. Francis Herron became pastor, that the.church entered on a new and vigorous growth, which it maintained during all his long, pastorate of nearly forty years. He was succeeded in 1850 by Rev. William M. Paxton, who continued pastor until 1865, when, having been called to the First Presbyterian Church of New York City, he was succeeded in 1866 by Rev. S. F. Scovel,who still remains. His history of the church from the beginning, which is in preparation, will be as interesting to the public as to hils own people. Membership in 1876, six: hundred and sixty.t The SECOND CHURCH 0F PITTSBURGH grew out of a petition presented to the Synod in October, 1803, by certain persons who were dissatisfied with the ministrations of the pastor of the First Church, requesting that supplies might be granted them. In 1805 the " Second Congregation of Pittsburgh" is recognized by the Presbytery as vacant, and able to support a pastor. Ther-e is no record of its formal organization. The first pastor was Rev. Nathaniel Snowden, wlho enltered on his work in October, 1805, but retired in less tban a year. Nearly two years later Rev. John Boggs was ordained and installed (October 20, 1807). He was the first regularly installed pastor in Pittsburgh. He retired after a service of five months. In December,1809, Rev. Thomas Hunt became pastor. He labored alone and -unsustained for more than a year (the First Church being, then vacant), supporting himself in part by teaching. In 1811 he found an efficient helper in his gospel labors by the calling, of Rev. Francis Herron to the pastorate of the First Church. There was then no such thing as a prayer-meeting in the town. Such a meetin,, was commenced by thle twvo pastors in Mr. Hunt's school-room, aind was attended for some imoinths by only one other man and lhalf a dozen womnen. It was even stoutly opposed by sorne of the leadino, citizens, a!nd was looked upon with.coldness by the members of the church. Only the firmness of Dr. Herron prevented its bein-, brokSen up on the demand of inafluential men, who wal.-ted no such "Methodistical" novelties amnong them. This circumstance, in connection with the effort in 1807 to relieve the debt of the First Church by lotter,y (see Mr. Darlington's acco-Lnt), and the final sale of In a cuirious old dLary kept in 1761 by James Kenny, a Quaker storekeeper in Pittsburgh, it is state,l that " manly of the inhabitaitst hacl hired a schoo]lmaster, aild had subscribed about -sixsty pounds a year for his maintenlance; and the sober sort of people seei-n to lonlg for soine pablic wily of worship; so the schoolmaster readls the Ljitany and C:ommon Prayser, on the First D,lys (Sundalys), to a conogreogation of different principles (he being, a Presbyterian), wvhere they behave very grave (so I hear) on the, occasion. The childiren also a.re brouglht to the' chui-ll' as they call it." t The present membership of atll the churches has been t,,ken froin th2 " NZlinutes of the ~General Assembly," just -issued.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 80 bodily infirmlity. Rev. C. G.:13raddock succeeded in Nove'mber? 1855, and died in October, 1874. It has since been vacant. Membership, one lhundred and fifty. In 1869 a ebapel was erected in BRIDGEVILLE, a growing village on the Chartiers Valley Railroad, where the pastor of Bethany preached on Sabbath afternoons. Since the death of Mr. Braddock this has been constituted a separate church, which was organized in. June, 1876. HOPEWELL is one of the old churches, having been organized in 1814, it bein-, then first,named as part of th-e charge of Rev. Michael Law. It remainec; vacant for several years, with only occasional supplies. In April, 182 5 Rev. Wm. J. Frazier was ordained and installed pastor of Hopewell and White Oak Flats., Having resigned the Flats in 1826, he remained pastor of Hopewell aloiie till October, 1828, wben be resigned. In November, 1829, Rev. James ID. Ray was ordained and installed. pastor of Hopewell and Mount Carmel. About the close of the war of the rebellion, during the pastorate of the Rev. Wm. Hunter, an unhappy schism took place in this church, which resulted in the erection of another house of worship at a short distance, and the organization of another churcb, which was called HEBRON, in 1870. Hopewell, wliich was thus greatly enfeebled, was. supplied for a time. by Rev. J. S. Pomeroy and others, until 1874, when Rev. A. O. Rockwell became pastor for one-half of his time. Present membership, fifty. Hebron was also temporarily supplied until 1872, when Rev. William Hanna became pastor. Membership, one hundred and fifty-four. CONCORD was organized in 1832. In 1833 Rev. Alex B. Brown was statecl supply to this church, while also laborinog as a missionary in Birmingham. This church has always been weak and has been connected with other churches. It has had temporarily the services of a number of ministers. Rev. John W. Hazlett and Rev. James Kirk have been its more recent pastors or stated supplies. Membership, thirty-five. BIRMINGHAM was a missionary field in which Rev. Alex. B. Brown labored as early as 1833, and where he built a substantial brick house of worship, with funds furnished chiefly by his father, Rev. Matthew Brown, D.D., President of Jefferson College. After Mr. Brown left, the field was for a time abandoned. The house was sold to the United Presbyterians. After the lapse of several years, a mission Sabbath-school was commenced by Mr. Hardy, Prof. Griggs, and others, from the Third Church of Pittsburgh, and was successfully conducted -for some years in what was then a very needy field. At length, in February, 1851, a church was organized by the Presbytery of Pittsburgh (then New School), consisting of four members, and Rev. Thomas T. Bradford was stated supply until September, 1853. Then followed Rev. St. Clair, for a few months in 1854; then Rev. James Dixon, from August, 1855, to May, 1858. Rev. James F. Read, D.D., was pastor from Novemiber, 1858, until Novemnber 1862. Rev.. George O. Little was stated supply from October, 1863, to June, 1864 - then Rev. P. S. Davies, from October, 1864, to Marchj 1872 - Rev. Griffith H. Humphrey, the present efficient pastor, was installed in November, 1872. Membership, two hundred and fifty. SHARON (at first called Flaherty) was organized about the year 1817, Rev. Andrew McDonald being the first pastor for a few years. He was succeeded by Rev. Robert Rutherford for a time, as stated supply. Rev. Samuel C. Jennings, D.D., was ordained and installed pastor in June,1829, and is still in the vio,orous discharge of his duties, withl a fair prospect of being permnitted to see the fiftieth anniversary of Ihis pastorate. He bas been the founder of the churches of Mount Pisgah in 1830, Temperanceville in 1842, and Long Island in 1846. Membership of Sharon, two huildred and forty-five. The VALLEY CHURCH (of the Pittsburgh Presbytery) was orgfanized in 1840. Rev. S. C. Jennings had charge of this church, in connection with Sharon, from 1840 till 1868. It then had supplies for several years.. In 1875, Rev. William Hanna became pastor, in connection with Hebron, and so continues. Membership, one hundred. MANSFIELD was originally a part of the church of Mount Pisgah, which was organized about 1830. Mansfield was tlhen but a smnall village, aild theire were but few Presbyterians in the neighborhood. Rev. John B. Graham and Rev. Robert McPherson successively preached at Mansfield in connection with Pis(,ah. The pastorate of McPherson commnenced about 1851, and continued seventeen years. A separate house of worship was erected in Mansfield in 1852, but tllere is no record of a separate church organization. In September, 1855, the Presbytery, by request, changfed the name of the church fr om Pisgah to Mansfield, and Pisgah became, in turn, but a branch of Mansfield, its sepairate orglanization being virtually abandonled. It was re-orgranized somne seven years ag,o with such pastoral supervision as is stated elsewhere. Mr. McPherson resiu,ned bis charge of Mansfield in April, 1868, and was succeeded in the autumn of the sa;me year by the present pastor, Rev. F. Wotring, thouo,h his-formal installation did not take place till April, 1869. This church has been largely sustained in its long struggles for existence by its two efficient Sabbath-schiool wbiclh was started amon-, the miners of this locality by Mr. Henry P. Cain in 1832. A house of worsbip was erected here by Mr. John Herron the samie year, and he and Mr. Cain became the first elders. After the division between the Old and New Schools, this clhurch became connected witb the latter, and enjoyed for a number of years the faithiful labors of Rev. Samuel M. Sparks, until failig, health conrpelled bimn to retire. After t.he reunlion the churchi was served successively for a time by Rev. D. H. Evans and Rev. Wm. McKibben. Rev. F. L. Senour, the present pastor, was installed in January, 1875. Membership, eighty-three. The EIGHTH CHURCH (formerly Temperanceville) was organized in 1842 by Rev. S. C. Jennings in conDection with Mt. Pisgah, which he had organized in 1830, the same bench of elders having char'g, of both churches. Dr. Jennings continued to supply these chiirches fi)r some years, givin-, them half his time, his principal charge being. the Church of Sharon. The EIGHTH CHURCH was served temporarily by Rev. John R. Agnew, Rev. A. D. Campbell, and others. In 1857 it became part of the charge of Rev. John Y. McCartney, in connection with Mount Washington. Ile hlavinC, died, Rev. P. Sidney Jennings succeeded him. He was ordained and installed at Temperanceville in December, 1865. Mr. Jennin,,s bavinog resigned Temperanceville, Rev. E. R. Donahoo became pastor of it, as t-he EIGHTH CHURCH of Pittsburgh, in April, 1874. Membership, one hundred and twenty-five. LAWRENCEVILLE was gatbered-in part.by the labors of Rev. Aaron Williams, in connection with bis pastorate at Minersville, in 1833-34; but its formal organization did not take place until January, 1836, when Malcom Leech and David Williams were chosen elders. Rev. Richard Lea was ordained and installed pastor in April, 1836, and faithfully stood in his place for nearly forty years, having in 1876 resigned his charge, though still retained by his attached people as pastor emeritus. Membership, three hundred aind tlhirty-five. EAST LIBERTY had its origiin in connection with the labors of Rev. John Joyce in 1828. He continued as stated supply till 1829, when be was succeeded by Rev. William B. McIlvaine, who was ordained, and installed in May, 1830. In 1865 Rev. John Gillespie was ordained and installed as co-pastor, anld still remains as sole pastor-, bis venerable and worthy colleague havin-, resigned in 1869, after a faithful service of forty years. Membership, five hundred and twenty^five. SHADY SIDE was organized in July, 1867, with Rev. Wm. T. Beatty as pastor, who still continues. Meinbership, two hiundred and fifty-two. BELLEFIELD was organized in. September, 1866. Rev. D. T. Carnahan was its first pastor. He resigned in 1873, and was succeeded by Rev. W. J. Holland, the present pastor, who was installed in June, 1874. Membership, two bundred and twenty-three. WILKINSBURGH was orc,anized in May, 1866, and had temporary supplies until Novemiber, 1867, when~ the present pastor, Rev. S. M. Henderson, was inistalled. Membersbip, one liuridied and ninety-two. MOUNT OLIVE WAS organized in 1866. It was served durino, 1866 and 1867 by Rev. William C. Smith, and in 1868-70 by Rev. C. V. McKaig, as stated supplies. Also by Rev. S. C. Faris in 1872 and 1873. Rev. N. B. C. Comingo, the present pastor, was ordainecl and installed ill August, 1874. Membership, thirty-seven. WESTMINSTER was organized in 1870, with Rev. James S. Hawk as pastor. He resigned in 1872, on account of impaired bealth, and was succeeded in June, 1873, by the present pastor, Rev. Wm. N. Sloan. Membership, one hundred and eighty. SWISSVALE was organized in April, 1870. Rev. Samuel J. Fisher, the first and present pastor, Was installed in November, 1870. Membership, seventy-five. BLOOMFIELD was or-ganized irn October, 1871. Rev. John W. Little was ordained and installed pastor in June, 1872, and resigned in 1873. Rev. C. V. McKaig, the present pastor, became stated supply in November, 1873, and was installed in December, 1874. Membership, eighty. HAZELWOOD WAS organized in July, 1869, with Rev. J. S. Stuchell as its first pastor. He died in 1875, and was succeeded by Rev. D. K. Nesbit, the present pastor, in June, 1876. Membersbip, one liundred and thirty-two. GRACE MEMORIAL CHURCH (colored) was organized in 1868, and had temporary supplies until 1870, when Rev. Charles Hedges became pastor, and continued to 1874. Rev. William H. Thomas, the present pastor, was installed in October, 1874. Membership, eighty-five. On the south side of the Monongahela River, among the older churches, besides those already mentioned, iS BETHANY, which was organized in 1814. Rev. Alexander Cook was its first pastor, from March, 181.5, to April, 1820. Rev. Wm. Jeffery was installed in January, 1821, and colitinued in his pastorate (with. a brief interval) till April, 1855, when he retired, on account of growinogHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 81 elders, Mansfield B. Brown a nd Hugh Lee. Present membersliip, one hundred and thiirty-five. LONG ISLAND (Neville Island) was organized in 1846, as another of the results of thle indefatiglable labors of Rev. S. C. Jennings, in connection with the prayers of one pious woman. After Dr. Jennings had served seventeen years be was relieved, and Rev. M. L. Wortman served, as stated supply, from 1857 to 1865. Tn like inanner, Rev. G. M. Spargrove and Rev. James Kirk ministered successively to this church. In Junle, 1875, Rev. M. L. Wortman was installed as pastor for one-half his timne the other half bein- -iven to Freedom. A great revival was enjoyed duringy the winter of 1875-76. Membership, one hundred and thirtyfour. MOUNT WASHINGTON WAS oro-anized in March, 1857, and Rev. John Y. McCartney became its pastor. After his lamented death, about 1863, it remained for a tirne vacant. Rev. Sidney Jennings, the present pastor, was ordained- and installed in June, 1866. Membership, one bundred and eighteen. WEST ELIZABETH was organized in 18-. Its first house of worsblip was built about 1846, and Rev. Dudley Calhoun was its first pastor. It eiijoyed for sonie years the labors of Rev. John. M. Smith, then Principal of the Penn Institute, Pittsburgh. Afterwards, in 1869, Rev. William Hanna became pastor. He resig,ned in 1872. The present pastor, Rev. William E. McCrea, was installed in June, 1874. Membership, one bundred and sixty-five. HOMESTEAD was organized in May, 1874, with Rev. Joseph G. Lysle as its -first pastor. Present membership, fifty eight. Amity, at Dravosburgh, after- being supplied for several years by the pastor of Lebanon and others, was organized as a separate church in 1875. It has since been supplied by Rev. John Rutherford and others. Membership, forty. MOUNT PISGAH w as organized in 1830, and shared in the labors of Rev. S. C. Jennings until 1848. Rev. John B. Graham was supply for a year or two. Afterwards, about 1850, Rev. Robert McPherson becalme pastor, and continued for sevenlteen years. After the churchi had for some years been nearly extinct, a new orcganizatio'n took place in August, 1869, and Rev. Ezra S. Heany became pastor in June, 1871. The present pastor, Rev. George W. Bean, after laboring for some time as a supply, was ordained and installed in October, 1874. Membership, eighty-four. OAKDALE was organized in April, 1869, and was served for six montbs by Rev. Aaron Williams as stated supply, ip connection with the Valley Church. Rev. M. N. Cornelius was ordained and installed pastor in June, 1871, and resigned in December, 1875. Rev. Jesse K. Bruce, the present pastor, was ordained and installed in June, 1876. Membership, one hundred and forty-two. All the churches tbus far noticed belong to the Presbytery of Pittsburgh (formerly Ohio). Besides these, there are also the followinoo in Allegheny County which are connected with the Presbytery of Blairsville. The oldest of these is BEULAH, originally known as " Pitt Township." This neighborhood received supplies as early as 1795. Rev. James Graham, the first pastor, was ordained and installed in October, 1804. After havinog successfully served the church for fort-y years, lie WC1S suddenly killed by a fall from his horse, June 15, 1845. Rev. John M. Hastings was installed in September, 1846, and resigned on account of failiDog health in 1865. Rev. T. M. Brown succeeded in November, 1866, and retired in October, 1867, also on account of feeble bealth. Rev. James A. Marshall was installed in December, 1867, and retired in April, 1873, having been called to Philadelphia. Rev. James H. Hunter, the present pastor, was ordained and installed in June, 1874. Membership, ninety-six:. PLUM CREEK, formerly called Ebenezer, then Puckety, first obtained supplies about 1791. Rev. Francis Laird was ordained and installed over this and Poke Run n Jne,1800. Wliile a house'was bein- built for him he and his family encamped by the side of a large fallen tree, under a temporary sbed covered witb.bark. Ile was a man mighty in the Scriptures. After a laborious and successful pastorate of thirty ytears, he resi-ned Plum Creek in 1831. After a temporary vaac,Rev. Samuel Montgomery became stated supply, and in January, 1833, was installed pastor, but resi,ned his charge in 1834. Rev. Samuel McClung, became pastor of Plum Creek and Cross-Roads in June, 1837. He resiuned in 1859, and was succeeded in 1861 by Rev. G. M. Spar-.grove. IHe resi-ned in April, 1865, and was succeeded by Rev. J. D. Moorhead in Novemer,1865. During- bis niinistry an attempt was made to transfer the place of worship to the village of New Texas, where a new church and parsonage were erected. This ultimately resulted in the transfer of the Pluin Creek Church to New Texas. Mr. Moorhead resigned his charge in February,- 1872, and was:succeeded by R-ev. J. Milton Hamilton, who was installed in November, 1873..Membership, fif-ty-two..A new and beautiful house of worship was erected at Plum Creek, and was dedicated June 20, 1876. This org,anization is now called Laird's Church, aft-er the name of the ori-inal palstor. The new org,anization took place April 18, 1876. It is as yet without a pastor. Memnbership, thirty-five. PARNASSUS WaS organized in May, 1842. It had only occasional supplies for eight years. Rev. S. M. McClung, was installed its first pastor in October, 1850. He was released in June, 1857, and was succeeded in October, 1858, by Rev. D. W. Townsend, who resic,ned in June, 1867. RevT. J. P. Kennedy was installed in December, 1868, and resigned in April, 1876. Membersliip, oile hundred and tbirty-eight. CROSS-ROADS was organized May, 1836. Its first pastor was Rev. S. M. McClung,, who was installed over tlhis church and Plum Creek in June, 1837. He was released in June, 1850, and was succeeded by Rev. L. L. Conrad here and at Murraysville in September, 1853. Rev. Andrew Virtue was insstall,ed here for full time August, 1853, and resi-ned January, 1860. Rev. S. M. McClung was re-installed January, 1862, and resigned October, 1865. Rev. Robert Carothers, the present pastor, was installed in December, 1866. Menmbership, one hundred and seventy. VERONA (formerly Edgewater) was organized in February, 1871, and, after struggling, for life for some time, Rev. John Kerr became its pastor in November, 1874. Membership fi-fty. BRADDOCK'S was organized in 1873 with seventeen members, and Rev. William F. Kean as its first and present pastor. Membership, seventy. The following, churches, belonging, to the Presbytery of Redstone, are also in Allegheny County: ROUND HILL is one of the ancient organizations, dating fromn the last century. Rev. James Finley visited this re-ion (called " the Forks") as early as 1772, and preached the gospel to a fevv scattered families wbho were exposed to danger from the Indians, lhis residence beinm, still east of the n,10uDtains. Ill 1778 he is supposed to bave organized the churches of Rehoboth (in Westmoreland County) and Round Hill; but did not settle among them as pastor until 1784, continuing, from thence until his death in January, 1795. In 1797, Rev. David Smith was installed over these two churches. Under his ministry they shared in the great revivals and the " Falling work" of 1802-3. Mr. Smith died in August, 1803, and was succeeded in 1805 by Rev. William Wylie, who remained pastor of the united churches until 1817, when he resigned. He was succeeded in June, 1818 by Rev. Robert Johnston, who remained pastor of Round Hill until 1831. Rev. N. H. Gillett became the stated supply in 1833, and was installed pastor in 1834. He had charu,e of the united congregations till 1841, wh'en he resigned the char,e of Round Hill. In 1841, Rev. William Eaton became pastor of Round Hill, and resig,ned in 1844. In 1845, Rev. A. Calhoun became pastor, but was removed by death in 1848. In 1851, Rev'. Joseph Smith, D.D., was installed, and remained pastor until 1855. Rev. James Martin became pastor in 1857, and resigned in 1863. Rev. J. Logan Sample was pastor from 1864 to 1866. Rev. W. L. Boyd from 1867 to 1871. Rev. J. B. Dickey, the present pastor, was installed in June, 1872. In 1851 an additional house of wvorsliip was erected in the town of Elizabeth,and since that time the congregation bas worshiped in the two houses alternately, on the same day. Membeirship, two hundred and fifty-one. McKEESPORT is mentioned in the minutes of Synod in 1802, with Pitt Township ("Beulah"), as "vacant, and able to support a pastor;"* in 1803, as` unable" in 1805, as'" not yet able." Its first house of worship is said to have beenl built in 1807. In 1S19 a uiiion church was erected by the Presbyterians and Baptists, and waKs occupied in common, the first Presbyterian pastor. beinff the Rev. William Swan. A new Presbyterian church was erected in 1862. In 1824, McKeesport and Long, Run are named to-ether in the minutes of Synod as "c vacant and able." In April, 1825, Rev. Alexander McCandless was ordained pastor of these two churches, and so continued until 1838. In the spring of 1841 Rev. Eaton becam-e pastor, and contin-LLed so for about three years. Rev. Samuel Hill was stated supply fromn 1.S44 to 1845. Rev. P. H. Jacob became pastor in 1847, and continued until 1S51. In March, 1852, Rev. Nathaniel West, D.D., was called to the.pastorate, and was installed January 2.0, 1854. He resig,ned in July, 1856. Rev. Robert F. Wilson was ordained and installed ill November, 1856, and resigned in May, 1867. Rev. G. M. Hair was pastor from November, IS69, to Au;,ust, 1872. The present pastor, Rev. J. W. Wightman, commlenced bis labors in October, 1872, and was installed in December. Under his successful ministriy a heavy debt haSs -been remnoved fi-om the church. Memberslhip, three hundred and seventeen. MOUNT VERNON was organized in 1867, anad for!a year or two had temporary suppliebs. In 1869, Rev. John M. Smith was stated supply. In 1872, Rev. G. * Rev. Boyd Mercer wvas stated supply for paUrt of his time, from abouLt 1802 to 1823.M. Hair, pastor of McKeesport, was statecl supply. In 1873, Rev. Asahel Bronson, D.D., became Wstated supply, and still continues. Membership, eighty-five. The region north of the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers be-an to be settled as soon as the wi'thdirawal of the sava(re Indians rendered it even moderately safe. The river bottomis were occupied by those who had an eye to trade and fishing, while the miore sober au,riculturists spreacl themselves back over the Ihills. Presbyterian settlements were formed. towards the close of the century on Bull Creek, Lowry's Run, and Big Sewickley Creek. BULL CREEK is supposed to have been gathered as early as 1793 or 1794, but bad no settled pastor until 1*02, when Rev. Abraham Boyd was installed over this ancl a neigbboring church of Middlesex. He continued palstor of Bull Creek until 1833. Rev. Samuel Caldwell succeeded in. 1834. Rev. J. W. Johnston served as stated supply for one year. Rev. Thomas W. Kerr was installed in 1840, and died in 1847. Rev. James M. Smith served this church and Tarentum for some time, doing miuch efficient work. Rev. William G. Taylor was installed in January, 1857, and resigned in 1861. Rev. George W. Jackson was ordained and installed in June, 1863, but remained only for a short timne. Rev. J. F. Boyd was installed in 1866 as pastor of Bull Creek and Natrona. He resigned in 1870. In December, 1871, Rev. Thomas Johnston was installed pastor for one-half his time, the other half being,iven to Pine Creek (2d). He is still pastor. Membersbip, one huiidi-ed and thiilty-five. TARENTUM for maniy years recei%-ed a part of the abors of the pastors of Bull Creek but no separate organiizaItioD took place until 1832, when. sixty persons, many of whom had belonged to the clhuich of Bull Creek, were organized as the cliurch of Tarentum. The records of this churcli, for the first eleven years, are lost. It is known that Rev. Joseph Johnston supplied them for about six months. The first regular pastor was Rev. Samuel Caldwell, who was installed for one-half bis time, in October, 1834. He resign,ed in 1843, and was soon succeeded by Rev. James M. Smith, whio served this cburel'i anid Bull Creek for about twelve years. He resigened in April, 1856. Rev. William G. Taylor was pastor of these two churebes from January, 1857, to May, 1861. Durinlg the remnainder of this alid the following year, the churc;h of Tarentum was visited with a great revival, in connection with the labors of Rev. Samuel Ramsey, who WCIS installed pastor for the wbole of his time, in April, 1862. H:e resi(,ned in April, 1864, and was followed by Rev. J. Watson Hughes, who seirved for one year as stated supply. Rev. Marcus Wishart, after having supplied for three months, was installed pastor in iNovember, 1867. He resigned in Apiril, 1870. Rev. George Scott, the present pastor, after supplying for some time, WclS instsalled pastor of Tarentum anld Natrona in October, 1871. Membership, one hundred and twenty. NATRONA isa branch of Tarentum, but was separately or-ranized, in July, 1864. Its first pastor vvas Rev. J. F. Boyd, who was installed over Natrona and Bull Creek in November, 1866, and resigned in April, 1869. Membership, thirty-two. "HILAND" (as it is named in its charter) was so called fi-om the name of its earliest and most venerable elder, Robert Hiland, wbo was among the eai-ly settlers of the nei,,hborhood wbere is now the villaue of Perrysville. Among those wlio0 preached the gospel lhere, staltedly or occasiona(lly, about the beginnin- of the presenit century, wals Rev. N. R. Snowden. The church is supposecl to have been organized in 1800, but the record is lost. Rov. Robert Patterson conmmeDced lalborinig here as st-ated s-Lipply irn 1807, and he continued to act as pastor (thoug,h residing- and doing busitiess in Pittsburgh) unitil1 1833. Tlhe fii)st regular pastor was Rev. Joseph Reed, who was histcalled in 1834. I-e resigned in 1839, aDd was succeeded in 1840 by Ptev. J. Watson Johnston, wlho continued until 1849. Rev. James R. Smith was installed in 1851, and resign ed in I S54. Rev. M. L. Wortman was ordained and installed in January, 1859, as pastor' of Hiland and Long Island cliurches. After April, 1866, he gave all Ihis time to Hiland, until 1869, wlhen he resigned. Rev. James A. McIntyre was pastor fi oim October, 1869, till October 1870. He died soon afterwards. Rev.John. Smith,formerly pastor of Sharpsburg, was installed in January, 1871, and r-esigned in June, 1874. Rev. W. W. Morton, the present pastor, was ordained anid installed July 6, 1875. Membershlip, oine hundred and ninety. PINE CREEK (lst) bad its origiii about the beghinling of tl-e centurly.:Elder W. D. Hawkins was one of thle eai-ly settlers there, and as fatr bacek as 1802 we find bimi securing, occasional supplies. The Revs. Robert Patterson, Abraham Boyd, and James Graham were amnon- tlhose who visited these few sheep ini the wildei-iless. In 1809, Mr. Patterson w ls eniployed as stated isupply fol- two years. In, 1814, Rev. Joseph Stockton tooki ch-acrge, and a liouse of woirship was erected. Tlle fil-st regular or-gaDization of' a chui-ch.seems to have been in 1815, with. only seveit iiem-bers. Mr. Stockton labored lheie unitil 1832. whien he died of clisolera. In 1833, Rev. Samuel Caldwell corllnleDced to supply, and coiitiiiued for oine year. Rev. James Campbell was pastor fi-oii 1834 to 1838, enibi-acing also Sharpsburg in Ihis field of labor. In July, 1838, Rev. Timothy Alden became stated supply. i i I I HIISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSY7LVAiNIA. 832 HEe died in 1839. For several years the church, in its weakness, could only secure the services of supplies for lon-er or shlorter periods. Among these were. Rev. Nathaniel Todd, Rev. James Murray, Rev. J. W. Jobnston, and Rev. J. F. McLaren, D.D. Rev. Gilbert M. Potter, the piresent efficient aDd succ;essful pastor, was ordained and installed July 9, 1863. Membersbip, one buindred and sixty. PINE CREEK (2d), with its pastor, Rev. Thomas Johnston, was transferred to the Presbytery of Allegheny in July, 1870, from the Reforined Presbyterian Church. Having been, by process of law, deprived of its house of worship, a be ouse, in co etion with an academy building, wvas erected in 1875, Mr. Johnston being still pastor of the church for one-half of his time. Menilber-,ship, sixty-five. SHARPSBURG is so closely related to Pine Creek that it may be mientioned here. It was a part of the con regation of Pine Creek until 1838, wlhen Rev. James Campbell gave up the charge of Pine Creek to give bis whole time to Sharpsburg, then recently organized as a sepai-ate church. Mr. Campbell retired in 1840, and was succeeded by Rev. Nathaniel Todd as stated supply for six months. In October, 1841, Rev. James Murray was ordained and installed as pastor, and continued until removed by deatb, in 1851. In June, 1852, Rev. Alexander Shand becanile pastor, and remiained till April, 1854. Rev. Alexander Sinclair was ordained and installed in June, 1856, and resigned in April, 1857.:Froin June, 1858, Rev. Professor S. J. Wilson, of the Western Theological Seminary, supplied the church until 1860. In September of thaat year, Rev. John M. Smith was. called, and was installed in April, 1861. He resig,ned in 1867, and in December of the same yealr Rev. Thomas M. Wilson'was called, and was installed in January, 1868. He resig,ned in January, 1870, and in June folloiving Rev. William C. Falconer was installed. He resigned in October, 1871, and was succeeded in May, 1872, by Rev. Thomas Lawrence, the present pastor. Mlemnbership, two hundred and fifty-five. SEWICKLEY received occasional supplies at an eairly date from the nei,,bboring ministers of Pittsburgh and the south side of the Ohio. In 1812, Rev. Andrew McDonald is naiiied as pastor of " White Oak Flats, Mt. Carmel, and Sewickley Bottom." He gave up Sewickley in 1817, and it remained vacant, with only ocecasional supplies, till 1822, when Rev. John Andrews (editor of the Weekcly Recor-der, now Presbyterian Banner) commlenced his labors at Duff's (now Fair. mount) and Sewickley. No church oru,anization seems yet to bave taklen place at Sewickley, as the Lord's Supper was administered by the aid of the elders from Duff's. No records of the first organizaltion bave been founid. Mr. Andrews continued to be stated supply to these two churches un'til 1831 or 1832, when the church of Sewickley seems to blave become gradually extinct. In 1837, Rev. Daniel E. Nevin took ebarg,e of these two con~,regations, and in February, 1838, a new organization was effected at Sewickley in the school-'room of the Edgeworth Female Seminary. After a service of some eigh-t years, Mr. Nevin resigned, bavint, been dis-ctbled froin speaking by an affection of the throat. Rev. James Allison commencedl laborin- at Sewickley in May, 1848, and was ordained and installed pastor in October, 1849. He resi- ned in February 1864, to becomle editor of the Presbyterian Banner. Rev. J. B. Bittinger, D.D., thle present pastor, was installed July 6, 1864. Membei-ship, two hundred and sixteen. FAIRMOUNT (formerly Duff's) was for many years coninected with Sewickley, as a part of the same pastoral ebarg,e. The church was oirganized in 1822 by Rev. John Andrews, tlle last rsecord of wbose labors as pastor is bis administrat-ion of the Lord's Supper, in June, 1831. In 1833, Rev. John Moore is, -nlentioned as ]abor-iig lhere, in connection withl Plains and Cross-Roads, and be so continues auntil 1836. Rev. Daniel E. Nevin was pastor fi-om 1837 till 1846; Rev. Robert McPherson from 1847 to 1850- Rev. George W. Shaffer -from 1852 to 1855; Rev. Henry R. Wilson, Principal of the Edgeworth Seminary, supplied the church from June, 1855, and in January, 1856, be was installed pastor. He resigned in September, 1859, and bis successor in thle Seminary, Rev. Aaron Williams, became stated supply for SiX moDths. Mr. Edward Swift, a licentiate, then supplied the church for one year. ID April, 1863, Rev. Aaron Williams resuimecl his labors as stalted supply, and continued for one year. In June, 1864, Rev. John W. Potter became pastor for onle-balf bis time, th-e otlher balf' being given to Plains. Mr. Potter died in June, 1866. After vario)us temlporary supplies for abouLt two years, Rev. Samuel R. Kerr was oirdained and installled July 1, 1869. Rev. Levi Risher, the plOSeDt~ pastor of Fairmount and Plains, was installed July 2, 1870. Memibersliip, one huiidred arld fbrty-tllree.PLAINS has no record of its or(I,anizLitioii. In 1808, Rev. Reed Bracken was ordalined anid installed pastor of' Mount Nebo and Plains. -In 1819, he resi^,ned the cbarlrte of Plains to -,ive Ihis laboi-s to Mount Nebo and Middlesex. The indme of the Plains, Church disappearys fi-onl t1he Presbyterial records until 1825, whenlHISTO-RY:~ OF, ALLEGHENY fCOUNTY, PENNSYLVANIsA 118 I't, 3 nary, was ordaiDed and installed pastor in June, 1870. He died in September, 1874,'and the, present`p8stor, Rev.'William M. Robinson' was'installed in Novem-.'bej 1874. -.Menberhip.on hunredanid.thirty-five..-..-:;.'::.-:-:-- The VALLEY -CHURCH of Allegheny.was.orgyanized's the rsul.of;a.S4ab-bath-sch:ool. iso at.Wood's Run, in Decembor, 1867. In April, 1866, Mr J. Henry Sharpe, -a licentiate,~:_commenee aorn.i thlis field, and a commodious *.osof worship baving: beo erect6d, which..was:dedicaated in- October 1867,.Mr. Sharpe was; ordained.-and'installed pastor -in April,. 1868..'He,.rsind in April, 1869 -and Rev. John Kerr becadme_stated~ supply. -,He was installed...pastoi in Jan-uary, 1872, and. res'igned -in June, 1874. He was succeeded, byRev. W. C. Burchard,.the present.past.or, in. November, 1874.. Membersbip, one bundred and sixt*_ LEETSDALE was organized in; August, 1864...The,- pl ce-.6f xworship was.the ^.schol-roo-of the Edgeworth. Female Seminary ntil--th destuto ofthat instituti.on. by. fire in February. 1865.. Soon. afterwards a.cba pel: annd subsequently X'.fine. church,.e e, ectdhroucr-b, h tbe.imunificence of Mrs. Eliza Shields. After.the- organiza'tion'tlie chutrc wa uplied for: a time by Rev. James Allison Rev. Aaron Williams,.nd others,. unti Macrh 1865,we Rev. W.W. Eells. ws caled an.seredas.taed spply until. July, 1866.-. In April, 1867Rev. James, M. Platt, -was! installed. pastor-.: He resigned:in. August. 1869 and: was succeeded.-by the present.pastor,. Rev'. R.S. Van Cleve, whlo was, -installed in -June, 1870. -Membership,.eiglity-seve.n. -:;:;. -; MILLVALE was orgnzd August 1869. -. It grew ouit of-the lab-ors of Mr. S.W. Knaipe, a student in the -S'emina.ry.wbo, cultivated this field during.1869, -and. till, April, 1870.:- Mr. W. R. Moore.. tlhen. labored.f.-r.som.e.,timo,,-eas st,ated supply. In June, 1872, Rev. McNary Forsyth was ordained and installed pa,stor. JEle resigned_:oi'a account -of'declin:ing,:health.~,in December, 1873,_a'd. died in March, 1874. Rev. James M. Shields, the present pastor, was, installed,in June, 1874..'A A.neat..house. of worship-adnd, a- comf,ortable,'parson age have bee'n erected since'.th-e,or ani,zation.:,.Meibjers,hip, one hundr,ed and fort.y-mone.,,,,.:: BAKERSTOWN Wa,S. orgaanized, in- May,. 1870.. It','was originall.a.branch-of. Cross-Roads, a.nd,h ad a part.of,.the. labors, of Rev. L. R. McAboy.. th-pa,storof'that church. In the.~w'in,,t,er of 1870 -71, Mr., W,illiam, G. Stewart,-a,.licentiate from- the', Western Theologcal Seminary.peached as a, stated -supply, and, in October, 1871, -,he.was- ordained.and, installed, pastor.. He: s,till, continues. -Members.hip, Qone hundred.-.:-....-,,. - - -BELLEVUE was. organized in January 1871.A,- hall, in -the. uwi school -.building wa.$ ren,ted,.a;Sabba,th-s,ch6o:l., organilzed,.and various s.u.pplies.,seGured,. until May,,1873, wheni Rev. Robert. T. Price w.as'i.nstalled- pastor.,;, In -th-e mea?n -timne a fine house of worship wa.:er,ected., Mr. Price r.esigned i.n. December, 1874,.adin: July. 1875,, Rev. Samuel H. Holliday,'the present pastor, vas: installed. *..M em bership,,eighty.-, -,.,..,.,.;..,........................... SPRINGDALE. was, orgnied -in A April,, 1873.:, This, church:. is poerlyare suscitation of the old and extinct, church, of' Deer, Creek, mile. or- two -below. Rev. Abraham Boyd - had, l,a,bored at Deer Creek as earl.y as 1815 andcniu,.t,o do so-until 1825...- Rev. John Moore was pas'tor, frpom 1828 to 1833.,4After a.;eiod of susDe,nd-ed,-animation, it was re:~-organized, in May, 1851, with Rev. J. Watson Johnston-, as: pastor for, one year.,?After, beling supplied, by Rev. J. F. McLaren, D.D.- and,otlhers.for several:years,.it agaiin,became extinct,,until- the.organization of the, Springdale -Church, which; retainis- -the- sessional. records, the,communion furn'itu,re,-and Mr. Matthew Maclean, on.e of the, eldors,,of the, old Deer Creek-,Ch7urcb, with a--few of the members. S-...Rev. Aaron Williams, D.D., became. the. stated supply, for, hizalf,-his timne, in ~..November, 1873, -and was installed pastor. i7n December,, 1874.: He,still -co,n-.tin,ues. Memnbership, thirty-tliree....,..-.-.-:,,,;.-,.. -GLENFIELD was.organized in April, 1876, with fifteen memlbers., It, grew out of preaching; s.ervices. held duiring, the, winter.of, 1875-1876, cbieflvbyvstudents from. the-Western Theological Seminary, in a publicv hall--a Since the org~anizat.ionl this infant church has been supplied fby Mr. W. M. Hyde, a -icentia,t,e,rom, -the; Semi-,nary, with favorable p-rospects., M,em,bership, twe,nty7six. -,,. - PLEASANT HILL is -another late organization. - It,was,,for, several.- vears, a,bran,c;h of the neiqJilborinu. chuirch- of. Concord in Beaver County.. and,-shared. int,the:labors. of Rev.,John Brown, -the -pa,stor of that church.-- A, house,.of worship -was er,ected,at,Pleasant-.Hill in 187-,' and' both -preaching..and -comlmuni,on, services -w,ere hl,hr,btteoranztion,of a separate church..did not- ta,ke place until 1876, with a.-membership of.... -.;,;.'-0 It. appears that there are. witliin tble.-limits. of Alleheny: County seventyfour Presbyterian churches, besides nearly, an equa.l numb,er; of, United and Reformed Presbyterian,. There are.also even a larg~er:number of. Presbyterian ministers, includiny,severa:l who are not. pastoi-s. The,m:embership. in the Pre,sbyterian cliurches alone is, about. twelve, thousand.four hundred. -The, interXnal-.,and spiritual history. of these churches,,their steady grow.tb, the reviv,als they,have enjpoyed,:etc.,.we Xhave not space ta-.record...-..-...;t is. mention d. as:one- ofAthe-" vcan.cies" of..tbe.Allegheny( (now Butler)'P.res.bytery..:. I n. 182.8,,Rev. John Moore had, c.harge of Plains in con.nection wit Pine Creek, Cross-Roads; and Deer Creek. He'gave. up the Plains in 1831. Rev. John Andrew's as.on o~,.the, arly aborers, in thise nedy.field. In 1838, Rev. Leland R. McAboy became pastor of. Plains. anid Cross-Roads. aDd' in 1857..,he,resignedt. charge. of Plains. In 1863, Rev., John W. Potter became pastor, and,-in' the followinl year, added Fairmount also'to his charge. - H-e'died in, 1866. In August,1866, Rev. Samuel Kerr became pastor o4these,united churches -and i July, 1870, Rev. Levi Risher, the prese nt pator, -was'iastalled. Mem.be'rship.,,:.two hundred aDd fifteen,.':.-, - -... Cross-Roads was. a point..for,occasio'nal -pre'achin,, for.many year's before -the formal organizati'on of a: church, whi'ch took pl ace'in- 1827. In 1828, Rev. John Moore ad this as.one.of'his;,four c,ontaregatio'ns. -.He. resigned. tbe..Cross-Roads.in 1834.-. In.1837, Rev. L. R. McAboy bega i.lbr hr'a.n i.,i; t.mber..1838, h'e was o'rdainedd:.and finstalled, as at of Cross-Roads.- and. Plains.I 1857, he resig,ned the- charge of Plains, to give his.~ whole- Ltime to- Cross.-Roads; anid in' December, 1871, he rsigne,d Cross-Roads also an,d- wa.s ~succeede,dby Rev. James. D. Shanks h;a ained.,and',i stalled.:paistor,i:, December, 1872. Mr..Shanks r~esigned his,ch'arg.e in June, 1874 The present. pastor,, Rev. John W. Little,was installed December 3, 1875...M.embersbip, -one hundred and...tw enty- ve.:.:,,,:...:-:--. - -.'..-.-. -,..:.. -,. The FIRST CHURCH OF ALLEGHENY was organized early in 1830, altbough Rev. Joseph Stockton had previ.ous y..preached.'-'snce 1814 as.a stated--supply to'Pine Creek and Allegheny Town';" but -.witbout:,.;a formal organiza:in'ath.a,tte place.-: Rev.- John. F. Halsey w i.i sta led - astor. in July 1830. -a,n,been greatly successful in buildi'ng up the church and se.c.uring the erec'tio.n,.of. a;.house'' of..worship -he-:- r.ige on acont -of- im rd. hatin 1835, and. was -,succeeded,.the same y-ar by Rev. Elisha P. Swift, D. D. He. died, in April, 1865 and was succeeded in the sole pastorate by'hs sn,Rev Elliot Swift whha' becom'e...'co-pa'stor vith-his father i,iin 1861.,- H,e. is-.the present, efficient,.pastor.,..embersbip,,fiour- b'undred and.:~ nine.t.y-eight.:. The, SECOND CHURCH oF Allegheny (formerly Manchester), was organize' n~ 1843.. It-. hatd.. en'oed for several'years., the, temporaty. laor of Rev. Luther Halsey, D.D. Rev. A. Campbell,D.D., Rev. Elisha McCurdy, Rev. Thomas P. Gordon, and. others. In 1853 Rev. Louis Conrad becamie pator.:.,His gradu-, jally: decli.nin " 1eal.th,re.n,de.r,ed assista-nee. necessary, and,Rev. John, E. Wright was w;odain.ed, and installed as co-pastor. in December,1866.. On,,the,-death, of Mr. Conrad, in November 1867, Mr. Wright.remained sole pastor until-, September, 1866,w-h'en he,`re.siLmed. In January 1869 Rev. William P. Moore was iDstalled pastor. Ile resigned in February, 1876,,.and w,as:succeeded by. Rev. Robert H. Fulton, who..,was:installed.i:n:,1876..-.Memb,ershipj two.h,undred and..,gsi:x teen.'-:.,'--..----, -........:.The. CENTENNIAL CHURCH waso,rganized in..May, 1854, and had. tem,porary sup-..-plies until- January 1855, Rev., William A. Plumer, D.D., Professor in the Western Theological Seminary was.-installed pastor.,: He resig,ned in September, 1862,:,anod,Rev. Thomas X.- Orr was ordained: an,d installed pastor -in -July, 1863.;,;Ie resigned..n. April,,1869, and Rev, George P. Hays inst,alled -pastor in November of the same year. He resigned in September, 1870, to, accept;the Presidency,:of Washington and Jefferson.College,and Rev. William.H. Gill, the pre,sent, patron was installed in May, 1872., Membership- three: hundred, and.--The FIRST GERMAN CHURCH was, organized in - 1859, Rev. John, Launitz,..eing its, first,'and prese,nt p,atr' ebrsh ip,,,sixty.-. -',,,The' NORTH CHURCH was oyrganized. in April, 1863.., In April, 1864, Rev. Cyrus H. Dunlap w-as,:o'dained and installed,pastor.-' He resigned in November 1865., -Du'ring -his,-astorate. t-bte,c,ongregati,on' worshipe, -i the ca o h Western Theological Seminary. In January, 1866, Rev. A. A. Hodge, D.D. professor in the Seminary, wa installed past,ori and. still continues. --Theprsn Gomm odio,us house-,of.worship.was finished the s,ame year.- Membershiptw -udeand seventy-nine.,-.EMSWORTH was organized in September,1860,,and lhad the -la,bors of Rev. M. L. Wortman,. pastor of Hiland,,for one-si-xth of b-is time froma May, 1861, to April 1864,.when be: resig,ned. Rev. Aaron Williams, D.D. Principal of the.0 Edgeworth Seminary, served,as, stated supply of,or one-hialf,h is time from April, 1864,-to April, 1869,, a,neat, bouse of worship,having, been erected througli bis,instrumenta,lity,,a.nd dedicated in June, 1868. Rev. M. L. Wortman gi took: charae' of the,,ch.u,rch,,as-,s,tated.supplyji in May, 1869, in -connection with Freedom and Long Island. In January, 1873, Rev. John S. MacConnell, the present pasto,r, was ins.t,alled....... Memnbersbip one:hundred-and thirty..:,'''..................., PROVIDENCE CHURCH,,Allegheny,.-Was orgarlized in April, 1869,-it-beiDg,the.-r.ou,t;wth -of.f a - Sabbuth-~school, which.ws0 oiOinally-comne; l.rbr..saloon. Rev J. V. Cellars Xwho,,ha.d labo,red. there while,a lstudent ith SemiI-v Chambers, Robert Moore, and Wm. Crawford were elected 1ruling, elders. Messrs. Chambers and Moore left the congreg,ation in 1838. Mr. Crawford remloved fr om the city some years after. Mr. Graham continued to perform the duties of his office until bis death, February 11, 1869. A Sabbath-school was organized about 1840, vwhich has been maintainled ever since. Dr. Bruce died June 1A, 1846,after a pastorate of nearly thirty-eight years. Under his m-inistry the conC,reffation. eniovecl steady ancl continuLed prosperity. At his death the church numberecl two hundred and fifty meimbers. In 1819 Dr. Bruce waSs elected principal of the Western University, which office he-held for twenty-three years. He established Duquesne College in April, 1820, over which he presided until his death. He was bonored with the degree of D.D. by Jefferson College in 1824. In 1829 he published a volume of discourses. The third pastor was Rev. Abraham Anderson, who was born near Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. He graduated at Jefferson College in 1842. He was ordainedl and installed over the Pittsburgh congregation in September, 1847. His death occurred July 27, 1849, aged tbirty-one. The fourth pastor was Rev. H. W. Lee. He was born at Cadiz, Ohio, October 29 1825 and gr-aduated at Franklin College in 1844. He was ordained and installed in the summer of 1850. In 1851 the old church was torn down and the present edifice erected, at a cost of eleven thousand five hundred dollars. While the church was buildimC, the conf,regfation occupied the English Lutheran church. In 1853-54 the church took steps to send a missionary to India, and, Rev. Andrew Gordon was sent out and is still laboring,. Dr. Lee died October 12, 1855, in his twenty-ninth year-. At his death the comrnunicants numbered four hundred anDd fifty-four. Rev. S. B. Reed was the fifth pastor. He was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1831, and graduated at Franklin College in 1853. He was ordained and installed April 29, 1857. May 26, 1858, the union betweein the Associate and the Associate Reformed Churches was consunmmate'd, under the name of the " United Presbyterian Church of North America." Onl account of troubles in the Churchi, Mr. Reed resigned in 1859. Out of these troubles came the Fifth United Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, which was oru,anized 0ctober 16, 1859. This new con-ref,ation called Mr. Reed to its charge, which call he accepted; he was installed February 28, 1860, in Lafayette Hall. He continued with this church until 1874, when, on account of ill-health, he was released. He has since been laborin, in Colorado. The present pastor, Rev. William J. Reid, D.D., was installed April 7, 1862. At that time, the mernbership numbered one hundred and seventy. The present membership is three hundred and twenty-two. TIIE SECOND UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCII. The first mention. of the Associate Reformed Church, in connection with Pittsburgh, is found in the minutes of the Presbytery held at Brush Creek (now Bethel), Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, October 14, 1793, when a petition for a supply of preaching was presented by the united congregations of Robinson's Run and Pittsburgh. Who was first sent does not appear; but James McKnight was appointed to preach in Pittsburgh on the second Sabbath of April, 1794. Dr. Riddell was appointed to preach in September, 1794, and May, 1 795. At a meetin;, of Presbytery held at Robinson's Run church, April 27, 1803, Presbytery, by direction of General Synod, assumed the name,of The Associate Reformed Presbytery of Monongahela. At this meeting, Joseph Kerr was licensed as a probationer, and afterwards occupied a conspicuous place in the history of this congregation. It would seem that there was no stated preaching for many years. Revs. Riddell, Kerr, Henderson, Proudfit, Galloway, Findlay, and McElroy officiated at various times, and frequently at Ion- intervals, from 1807 to 1816, in which latter yecar Rev. Joseph McElroy was ordained and installed as the first pastor of this church. There are supposed to have been about twelve families connected with the church at that time. Messrs. Matthew Clark aDd James Morrison we're elected and installed ruling elders. The first communion was held September 21, 1817, in the Reformed Presbyterian church (Dr. John Black's), at which about sixty communed. A lot was purchased on the corner of Sixth Street and Cherry Alley in December, 1815, for the sum of seven thousand dollars, size one hundred and twenty by two hundred and forty feet, on which a church was erected and first occupied in 1818. It was sixty-six by seventy-four feet, built of brick, with a circular gallery on three sides. On the 29d of November, 1819, the congregation was inico'rporated under the style of The Trustees of the Associate Reformed CShurch of tlle City of Pittsburgh. Mr. McElroy was a popular preacher, and the chlurch prospered under his ministry. Troubles fiDally crept iin, mainly on account of the Masonic order, which resulted in the resignation of Mr. McElroy, January 4, 1824. He removed to New York City and became pastor of the Scotch-Irish Presbyterian Church. HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 84 THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This denomination of Cliristians was formied by a unioii of tlhe Associate and Associate Reformed Churches, oin the 26th of May, 1858, at the City Hall, in Pittsburgh. The Associate Church was the older of the two, and was formedl in 1733, by a secession fromi the Church of Scotland, aind bence is often called the " Seceder Church." The first missionary of this cliurch who caiiie to America was Alexander Gellatly. Andrew Arnot, a settled minister, was senlt with him to i-emain one year. Tilis was iri 1753. The first ch-Lrches organized by tlhese men were in the counties of Lancaster, Chester, and York. Mr. Gellatly died in 1781, and the Presbytery had then bult two ministers left: James Proudfit, of Pequa, and Matthew Henderson, of Oxford and Pencador. Rev. John Mason soon after settled in New York. At the outbreak of the Revolution there were two Presbyteries; Pennsylvania, with ten ministers, and New York, with. tliree. The Reformed Presbyterians had organized a Presbytery in 1774, and had three ministers. A union of these two bilanches was effected in 1782, wlhich assumied the name, "1 Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.'" All went into the union except two of the Associate ministers, Marshall and Clarkson. All the Reformed Presbyterian ministers went itnto the union, but som'e of the coingiregations did not, ancl thus the two original organizations continue to this day. At the time of the union, the Associate Church consisted of 1 Synod, 21 Presbyteries, 198 ministers, 33 licentiates, 293 congregations, and 23,505 communicants. The Associate Reformed Church had, at the same tiime, 1 General Synod, 4 Synods,. 28 Presbyteries, 253 preachers, 36 7 congregatioiis, and 31,284 commlunicants. There were three fiourishing, seminaries, andI two forei,n mlissions, one in Syria, and one in. Egypt. Th-e First General Assembly of the United Church met at Xenia,Ohio, in 1859, at which- time the statistics showed 464 ministers, 631 congregations, and 55,547 communicants. Tlle Ass-Imbly has in-A every ye ar since, anld the latest statistics for 1876 show a total membership in Allegheny County of 4007, and 19 Sabbathschools, with 342 officers and teachers and 2995 scholars. THE FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH of Pittsburgh was orgaDized November 24, 1801, under tlle Dame of the "1 Associate Congregation of Pittsburgh," and was the third church orgalnized in the city, the First Presbyterian and the German Reformed preceding it. Rev. Ebenezer Henderson was the first pastor. He accepted the call in December, 1801, and was probably installed in July, 1802. His connection with this church, and those of Turtle Creek and Bethel, was dissolved in April, 1804. DuriDg his pastorate, the cong-regation worslhiped in the court-house. Dr. Henderson died in Virginia, September 17, 1804. The connection between Pittsburgh, Turtle Creek, and Bethel, whicnh had formed one pastorate, was dissolved in August, 1808, and Pittsburgh and Peter's Creek were made one pastoral charge. Rev. Robert Bruce was called to Pittsburgh and installed (at Peter's Creek) December 14, 1808. Ile was born in the parish of Scone, Perthshire, Scotland, February 20, 1776. WVhile the United char-e contiinued Mr. Bruce preached twothirds of his timle in Pittsburgh, and one-th-ird at Peter's Creek. After his installation the congregation worsbiped in the German church until they comlpleted one of their own. The lot which the church now occupies was bo-ui-bt at sheriff's sale,,and deeded April 14, 1810, by Wm. Woods, Sheriff of Allegheny County, to John Keating, James Boyle, Wm. Ralston, William Bennett, and James Young, Trustees, for five hundred and fifty dollars. The new church was first occupied in 1813. It was a rude edifice of brick without plastering or paint. There was no vestibule; a gallery around three sides; the high pulpit was built against the north wall and supported by square posts. The first elders o-f the niew church were probably John Roseburgh and John Keating, who both remained in connection with the conntre,ation unltil their death, Mr. Roseburgh dying July 22, 1841, aged seventy-six, and Mr. Keating, in July, 1844. The coilnection with Peters's Creek was dissolved by the Synod in 1813, and from that date Mr. Bruce gave his whole time to Pittsburgh. On the first Sabbath of July, 1891, the, last sermon was preached in the old church, which was then partially torn dowii and enlar-,ed by extendin- it to the street. The rebuilt edifice wras not ready for occupancy until the latter part of 1822 or spring of 1823. The gallery was not finished until the fall of 1827, and the gallery pews were not rented until January l, 1828. Wbhile the secoind church was buildin-, the congregation worslhiped in the Associate Reformed church, on Sixth Avenlue. Thle now church W.IS occupied in 1851. It was of brickS and was considered ta fine edifice. This con-r,leation was first incorporated in 1831 by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, under the name of " The Associate Congregation of Pittsburgh." The charter was amended in 1855, and again in 1874, when the name was changed to " The First United Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh." In the spring of 1832, John Graham, JohnIn June, 1824, Rev. Joseph Kerr was called, but declined. Stibseqluently Rev. Samuel Hill was call-ed, and supplied the pulpit for some, n-ioiths, but finally returined the call and left tbe denomination. After Iong, persuasion Dr. Kerr was induced to accept a call, and was installed in October, 1825, and laboi-ed with great acceptance, and also filled the chair of Professor in the Theological Seminary, which was started in a little two-story house oil Sixth Street, aind was probably the first school of the kind west of the Allegheny Mountains. Dr. Kerr continued pastor until his death, which occurred November 15, 1829, in his fifty-first year. He was universally regretted. He was a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and was born in 1778. He graduated at Glasgow, Scotland, and camne to America in 1801. Joseph R. Kerr, the oldest son of the deceased pastor, was made stated supply in December, 1829 and was installed pastor in July, 1830. He became one of the most popular preachers of the city. Under his ministry the congregation increased so rapidly that a new church was organized in Allegheny City in 1831, and sub33quently another, called the Third Associate Reformed, now the Third United Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh, under the pastoral charge of Rev. S. R. Frazier. A fourth United Presbyterian Church was organized from the other church in October, 1837, and is now known as the Fourth United Presbyterian Church, Rev. John Gailey, pastor., Still anotlier church'was organized by the members livin- in Birmingham in 1841. DR. Kerr resigned his charge September 27, 1842, on account of failing, health, and died June 14, 1843. Darin, his ministry of thirteen years four other churches had been org,anized from his con,reg,a tion, and still at his deatli his church was full. Rev. David R. Kerr, brother of the late pastor, received a call from this church n December,1843. He supplied the pulpit for some time, but owin, to feeble health was compelled to abandon the ministry. He is still livint, and preachin, occasionally. He is editor of the Preacher and the United Presbyterian, papers published in Pittsburgh, and also holds the Professorship of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government in the Theological Seminary of the United Presbyterian Church in Allegheny City. Rev. John F. McLaren, D.D., was installed pastor of this church in May, 1846. Another congregation was organized by members living in Temperanceville in August, 1847, with Wm. Kearns, N. Ballantine, and David Carnahan as ruling elders. The church of the old conyreffation was talken down and a new one built in 1848, at a cost of eight thousand two hundred and seventy-five dollars. In 1849, Dr. McLaren organized a new church on Pike Street, in the Fifth Ward of Pittsburgh, which was for some time under the charge of Revs. Cockins and Gracey, D.D. This church afterwards united with the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and the two now form the Fourth United Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh. Dr. McLaren continued pastor of -the old church until December 31, 1850, when he resigned, aiid connected hiiiiself with the Presbyterian Church (Old School). Rev. John Ekin was installed as -pastor April 12, 1854, which position he occupied until September 22, 1857, wlien -the resigned. He died at Topeka, Kansas, a few years ago. Rev. James Prestley was installed December 28, 1858. In March, 1866, there -was a special revival in this church, durinu whiclh laroe accessions were made. Dr. Prestley resi6,ned his charge in December, 1866, since wbich he has been re-tired from the active winistry. On the 6th of October, 1867, Rev. Thomas H. Hanna, of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, was installed as pastor. In February, 1872, the new version of Psalms was introduced into the church, which causecl some dissatisfacltion, and several of the old members left the conoregation. April 10,, 1872, the Tenth United Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh was Organzdb Rev. Mr. Hanna, many of the members beinog fi-om his cliurch. On,the 29th of June, 1875 Mr. Hanna resi-ned his charg,e, and remove'd to Xenia Ohio, where he became pastor of a United Presbyterian Church. Since his reBsigMation the church has had no settled pastor. Up to 1831 this was the only Associate Reformed Church in the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny; now there are eleven in Pittsburgh and six in Allegheny.;AmonO, the prorniinent ministers which this church has sent out may be men-tioned Joseph R. Kerr, Moses Kerr, David R. Kerr, James Prestley, Andrew Fulton, J. G. Fulton, Robert McElroy, John McClure, James F. T. McClure, Robert A. Browne, J. G. Brown, Samuel Kerr, John McClean, John S. Sands,,Joseph R. Kerr, Jr., Wm. S. Owens, J. S. Hawk, W. H. Knox, and James Lafferty. A flourishin-, Sabbath-school, with thirty-eig,ht offiel-rs and teacliers, is attached -to this church. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Nearly a decade bas passed sinece the Methodists o the United States commemorated -their centeninial anniversary of the founding of Methodism on this contiHISTORY OF ALLEGHE NY COUNTY, PENNSSYLVANTIA.. 85 - nenit, and in the enth-Lsiasml of the. occasion they contrib-uted for educationl, churchi extension, missionis,aind other connectional interests, $130,000,000. The rich of their wealth contributed liberally, and the poor gave of their poverty, that they and their posteirity mi^,ht be able to say in the years to come that they had done soRlethin~, if iiot all that they could do, in honor of such an event. But while 1766 was the year wheii Methodism took foothold on Northern soil, and, like other isms of its time, h-eld on and prospered because of the 1hard knocks it received, this was not actually the beginning of efforts to establish the sect on this new continent. In 1735, John Wesley came to Georgia. and tried to plant Methodism there. But Wesley was too ardent an abolitionist, and by his outspoken utterainces on " the sum of all villanies," as he styled slavery, he neutralized his influence as a preacher, and his followin-, was scarcely worth numbering. Three years later, in 1738, Whitefield camne hitlier, and, like a meteoi, he flashed up and down the land, from Georgia through the Carolinas, and the Old Dominion to Massachusetts. He made seven visits to this country, and finally died ancl was buLried here. North Carolina was the only State that, with any dez,ree of cordiality, welcomed the new sect; not because it was a new sect, buLt raltlier becauLse it was looked upon as an erratic daughter of the venerable establishment of Great Britain. Her miDisters and members received aid and comfort from Episcopal ministers in the States wbere she tried to inaintain a footlhold; aild to-day in the Southi, as also in the North, it is the largest and wealthiest denomination in the land. Startingf almost witli the nation's birth, it has kept pace with the national growth, and.in everything that. marks the Episcopal Church can show step for step in its progress. The people of Raleigh, North Carolina, have something, therefore, to commemorate to-day in the growth of a Methodism whicb, one hundred years ago, numbered its communicants at six hundred and eighty-three in that State and Tennessee, where to-day it has tens of thousands. The only man who attended the first GeneralI Conference of Metliodists in the United States, and who reimembered its growth of nearly one huLndred years,-the venerable Father Boehm, -died a few months ago, in the one hundredth year of his age. There is one other venerable minister now living, in the South who h'as attained nearly the years of Father Boehm, and who, after bim, knows more about Metlhodism's iinfanecy than aily other livin-, ma'n tlie Rev. Dr. Lovick Pierce, father of the bishop of that name of the Church South. There is also another minister, now livin-, nearly at the close of his ninth decade, wbo remlembers w7hen there were not as many Methodists in the United States and Canada as tllere are now in the city of New York -the venerable Father De Vinne. What hath God wrought witliin the lifetime of those men for this Church and by this Church! Three of the bishops of the South will to-day trace its prou;ress of a century, and speak of the sturdy character of its founders and of the nmethods of its propat,ation, which for three-quarters of a century were peculiar to itself, but which are more or less in vogfue in all other denominations, their usefulness having been fLillly tested. Amono, these metliods none, perhaps, bave had such an influence on Methodism, or been so successful in its promotion, as eanmp-meetings, where, at the bet,innin- of the present'cent-Lry, it was not an uncommon thinC, to see fifteen or twenty thousand persons present, and at the close of one of such meetings to co'unt three thousand converts. The meetin-s are held still, but the converts cannot be counted. The Pittsburgh Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church was formed in 1824, from the Baltimore, Ohio, and Genesee Conferences. It embraced a very large extent of country, lyin, between the Allegheny Mountains on the east, and the Tuscarwas River,in Ohio, on the west, and extendinog from the Kanawha River on the south to Lake Erie on the north. The first General Conference was held at Pittsburgh, September 13, 1825. Bishop George presided, and Asa Shinn and Henry Furlong, were secretaries. Thirty-five members were present. The first denominational newspaper was the Pittsburgh Conference Jounal, which was first issued November 15, 1833. Charles Elliott was editor. This is now the Pittsburgh Christian Advocate. Matthew (now bishop) Simpson seemns to liave opened the first book store for the sale of the publications of the Book Concern, under the auspices of Wm. Hunter (then editor of the Conference Journal). This small beginning grew into a profitable business, and in 1840 a Depository was authorized by the General Conference, which has since been eminently successful. In 1829 originated the Methodist Protestant Church, which grew out of the witlidrawal of Revs. G. Brown and A. Shinn. In 1836 the Erie Conference was set off from the original territory. This new Conference embraced a total membership of about 26,000, with 93 preachers. In 1848 the West Virginia Conference was set off from the Pittsburgh Conference. The original territory, in 1825, contained less than 20,000 members, and in 1832 contributed for missions $597.34, and for Bibles, tracts, and Sunday-school publications $69.95.HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COIJNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 86: In 1875 tbe ori'iDal territory reportecl 16,172 probationers. 109 124 members, 734 local preachers, 714 traveling preachers, $13,084.22 for Conference claimants, $42,267.62.for Missions, $4630 for Women's Foreign Missionary Society, and nearly $10,000 for other benevolent purposes. In 1876 the Pittsburgh Conference, alone, reported 10,791 probationers, 55, 683 members, 257'local preachers, 309 traveling preachers, $8628.51 for Conference claimants, $21,824 for missions, $1750 for Women's Foreign Missionary Society, and $3415 for other benevolent purposes. By the census of 1870 there were reported an aggregate of 75organizations, and sittings for 35 260 in the Methodist Church'es of Allegheny County. The list of prominent cleceased preachers of this Church, wbo have belong Ied to'the Pittsburgh Conference, shows' such names as Ruter, Bascom, Drummond, Waterman, Shinn, Barker, Elliott, Cooke, Holmes, Clark, and Sansom.'Amonu the finest and most costly edifices in Pittsburgh'are the Liberty and Ames Street Churches in the West District; the Wesley Chapel, Trinity, the Carson and Bingham Str eet Churebes, in the South District; the Smithfield and Centenary Churches, in the Southeast District; the Butler Street, Fifth Avenue, Oakland, and Emory Churches, in the East District, and' Christ Church and City Mission in the North District. In Allegheny the best buildinffs are the South' Commons, Arch Street, North Avenue, Union, Simpson Chapel, and Wood's Run Churches. The' estimated value of church property in the various Pittsburgh Districts (including Allegheny and the County). is a little less than two million dollars ($2,000,000). The Pittsburgh Female College, on Eighth Street, is under the patronage of. the Methodist Episcopal Church. This institution was established twenty years ago, and has steadily grown, untiI, at the preseiit time, it ranks among the most proniinent of its class. Rev. I. C. Pershing, D.D., is the President. The faculty is large and able, aild is doing valutible work in the cause of Christian education. The officers of the Conference are, Rev. Gilbert Haven, Bishop Rev. I. C. Pershing, Secretary, and J. R. Mills, N. G. Miller, and I. A. Pierce, Assistant Secretaries. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. The " Mother Church" dates back to an earlier period in the bistory of this region than any other Christian denomination, itis officers, no doubt, ac companying Contreccour's expedition, which took possession of the unfinished English work at the "Forks" April 16, 1754. A record of baptisms, deaths, and burials was kept by the ch-aplain at Fort Duquesne during the years 1754, 1755, 1756, 1757, and up to Forbes's occupation in November, 1758. ln this record we find and account of the burial of Captain Beaujeu, who was killed at Braddock's defeat, July 9, 1755, and interired, under Catholic rites, July 12, followin. With the exception of a few years, the Catholic Church has probably main-~ tained services at Pittsburgh, continuously, to the present time. The growth of th is Church has been in keeping, with the steady growth of the two cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, uIntil at -the piresent day we finld it strongly intrenched, with costly alnd ma-,nificent churlches, niany inoble ebaritable institutions, and all the appliances and conveniences of older countries. According, to the census returns of 1870, there were in Allegheny County tbirty-four org,anizations, with sittings for sixteen tbousalnd eight hundred and fifty. people, being the third in pOillt of Dumbeirs in the Counlty. These figures have been quite materially chang,ed during, the five years elapsiDg since the census was taken. -Several,new and costly chullches have been erected, and larg,e additions made to the member-ship. Anllongr the -finest chuirch edifices belo nrin, to the Catholic denomination are the Cathedral in Pittsbur(rh, and St. Peter's Church in Allegheny. The Cathedral is the largest and most costly churchi in the city. In the basement is a fine C8atholic library. IIISTORICAL SKETCH OF ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, ALLEGHENY. The growing importance of Allegheny City, and the increase of its Catholic, population, added to the fact that the river formed a nlatural division between that city, or town as it was then called, and Pittsburgh, all pointed to the formation of a distinct con-,reoation. at some fuLture day by its sepa-ratio)n from St. Paul's. This was accordingly -done, and the church of St. Peter's, Allegheny, the history of which we are now about to lay before the reader, was built for their accommodation. It is the first conuret,ation. that can, with strict propriety, be said to halve been cut off from the Cathedral. The initiatory steps were undertaken under tlle auspices of that church,i and a lot, situated on Anderson Street, near Washington, We have not been able to obtain a thorou,,h history of the Catholic Church in Allegheny County, though we have made repeated efforts ill tha.t direction. was purchased fromn Judge Irwin at a cost of a little more than six thousand dollars. An effort was also made to collect money for the erection of tlhe church,: wben Rev. Edward McMahon was appointed pastor of the new congregation, towards the close of the year 1849. Originally of the diocese of Louisville, Kentucky, he withdrew fromf it, and attached himself to that of Pittsburgh early in the above year, and vvas for a few months stationed at Hollidaysburg, Blair County, from which be was transferred to this new field of labor. Upon bim devolved the work of erecting the new church and placing the congregation -on a. permanent basis. And bere we correct an erroneous statement which has been made, that of attributing t-he erection of' this chu Lrch to Rev. T. Mullen. So successful was Father McMahon that the new church was completed in the fol, lowing spring, at a cost of a little more- than nine thousand dollars, and solemnly dedicated April 21, 1850. The energy and prudence which he displayed in the. prosecution of this undertaking were such that he was immnediately transferred, and became'rector of St. Paul's Cathedral, and Vicar-General of the diocese. On the 24th of April, 1850, Rev. Jas. Kearney succeeded him as pastor of St. Peter's, a position which he held till October 24, 1854, when he was in turn succeeded by Rev. T. Mullen, the present Bishop of Erie. For some years, he had been pastor, of St. John's Church, Johnstown, and had also erected and partially completed the Church of St. Bartholomew, Wilmore, a place then known by the name of Jefferson. On the withdrawal of Father McMahon from the cathedral, at, the. beginning'of- the year 1864, and subsequently from the diocese, the rector of St. Peter's was thou-,ht worthy to succeed him as Vicar-General; an office,which he held until his appointment to the see of Erie. Under his able administration, the congregation continued to increase both in numbers and importance; and it became daily more-and more evident that a new church must be built for the accommodation of those residing in the extreme southwestern linmit, then known as Manchester. The Church of St. Andrews was accordingly erected, as we shall see, and attended fromn the mother church until the beginning of the year 1866, when it became an independent congregation, under the pastoral care of Rev. M. J. Mitchell. Still, St. Peter's was too small, and although an assistant had for some timne been belping the rector to minister to the wants of the people, the church did not afford suitable accommodations.. But the size of the church was by no means the most serious inconvenience. It did not occupy a central locality. At the time of. the erection, it was in the proper place for the existing, congyregation; but, wbile the city could not extend to aDy considerable exten-t to the nortlheast., and wlhile the populat-ion of that portion'was coinposed almost exclusively of Germans, it was stiretchiing out and fill-. ing up very rapidly in the opposite direction. In addition to this, the tracks of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad ran close, to the side of the; building, makin, it very inconvenient for p-rayer and religious exercises. To obvi, ate these difficulties a very eligible site was purcliased at the corner of West Ohio Street and Beaver Avenue, and the congare-,ationl looked forward to the time, not faI- distant, as they boped, wben an edifice becomzing, their growing numbers and ability would be erected upon it. The See of Erie becominu vacaint by the death of Right Rev. Bishop Young, September 18, 1866, the Holy See, in seleCtiD, a candidate to fill the vacant throne, promoted the rector of St. Peter's to the episcopal dit,nity; and bis consecration took place in St. Paul's Cathedral, August 2, 1868. On biddinff farewell to the Congregation over whomi he bad so Ion-, and successfu]ll presided, he left them in the lhaDds of Rev. R. Phelan, t-he preseDnt incumbent, who, for zeal, eneray, and adiministrative ability, has already erected a monument mnore durable and eloquent tban words of. flattery co)uld inscr-ibe. Leaving St. Mary's, Freeport, be succeeded Rev. P. Mullen, July 21, 1868, and be st-ill continues to fill the position of rector, bein-, assisted at present by Rev. James Tobin. Before eDteringr upon the interesting account of the erection of the present m'a(nificent edifice, iie sball pause to remark upon the schools. Soon after the completion of the old chureb, the Sisters of Mercy from St. Mary's Convent, Webster Avenue, came and taught the girls of the pai-ish in the basement. But this was only for a brief period. Thle inconvenience of teaching under such circumstanes, and the f'act, manifest to all, that Allegheny City must, ere Ion-, have its ownl community of this useful order, induced the Sisters to undertake thle erection of the necesKsary buildings, wbich were completed and occupied in 1854.'In this they were ably seconded by Rev. Jamies Kearney, wbo foresaw-the advanta-,es the conyrre(yation iniust derive from the presence of the Sisters permanlently located amon-, them. The new Convent, wbich is situated on W,.shiD-,ton StreetX took the name of St. Anne's but it is commonly kDown as the House of Industry, from the fact that young ladies are there taught val-ious kiindis of useful needlework. The Sisters continued to teach in the basement until the year 1856, when school buildint,s attached to the convent wvere completed, and the children trans-ferred- to tbem. A young ladies' academy was, also opened, and still continues ina flourlishin-: condition. It is needless to remtark on the advantat,es accruiting to the childiren, and the Catholic community generally, from the training of'. the yount, by the devoted Sisters. The boys were taught by the Franciscan Brothers from St. Paul's until their withdrawal from the latter place ill the summer of 1866, from which tirme they have also been tau-bht by the Sisters. The rector of St. Peter's has also the spirituztil care of the Catholic prisoners in the Western Penitentiary, wliom he visits a-nd uliinisters to on frequent.occasions. Before the separation of St. Andrew's congregation froin thiss parish, the; sanme office was performed, when bigotry would condescend to pernmit it, for the unfortunate inmates of the House, of Refuge, or Pennsylvania Reform School, Manchester.'On assuming the pastoral char,e of St. Peter's, the first care,of the newly appointed rect'or was to uindertake the erection of a more commodious church. Additional lots were puirchased adjoinin- thaose on the corner of West Olhio Street anid Sherman Aveue,and work was be,un. Owin- to some dlelay in obtainin,r the plans,,round wTas not broken until the autumin of 1870; the woirk was then pushed; rapidly forwarcl, anid preparations were made for laying the corner-stone early the following, spring. This important event, as yet the most importalnt in the'historv of the cong,reu,ation, was.announced to take pla'ce S'unday af'ternoon,' April 16, 1871. Inivitations were extetnded' to tlle reverend clergy and the'reliogious and benieficial societies of the city and vicinity to take part in the iimposino, ceremnony. Societies to the number of thirteen assembled at the old church eai-ly in the afternoon, and formed in line with ban-ds' of miusic, flars and banners, Mlakin-, one of the IIioSt magnDificent. displays ever witnessed in the city. More thaln fifteen hundred men were iri raink, and niarebed through- the principal sti-eets to the place where the corner-stone was to be laid, folwdb arngeda by fo)ur white horses, containing the bislhop and Rev. Fathers Gibbs, Carrol, and Celestine, O.S.B. A crowd numberinog more than twelve thousaind hacl assemblecl airouncl the foundationl to witness the ceremony. Among the clergy, besides those alre-c-dy- na med, were Rev. Fathers Garland, Pollard Treacy, Wall, Molinger, O'Rourke, Reisser, Byrnes, Palulitigi, Ferdinand, O.S.B., Snet and Boan, C.SS.R., and Cosgrave, assistant pastor.' The bishop prelached, and at the concluision of the sermon paid a fitting tribute to the energy and zeal of the rector, after wliich the corner-stonle was laid with the ceremony prescribed by the Church In the cavity of the stone were placed copies of the city papers, speciimen coin, and a parchment, scroll containing the names of the civil and ecclesiastical dignitaries, and a brief sketch of the church and congregation. The work was bastened all the more rapidly, as the old church had been sold to the railiroad company and poss~ession miust be g;iven at an early day. But the building of such aln edifice was not the work of a day, and it was not until Sunday, December 1, 1872, that the building was sufficiently advanced for the basement to be used for religious purposes. On tllat day the basement was solemnly blessed by the bisbop, in1 the presence of a vast concourse of people that filled' eveiry available spot, and Mlanifested the pleasure they felt in the undertaking. The bisliop deliveired- an apporaedsore offerin-, words of cont,,ratulation and encourLigen-ient to both rector and people. As time went on the buildin^, continued to rise and assume those proportions that attract the attention of all and please the eye of the'critic, and soon the exterior was Icompleted. But the intei-ior reqfuired no little additional tiitne and labor foir its perfection. All was at len-th finished, and a day was fixed for the. solenin dedication. It was July 5, 1874, the day after the great fire in Allegheny. As was nalturally to be expected, the church was crowded to its utmost capacity.. The cereniony of the dedication coimnenced at ten o'clock, beinog perforied by the bishop, assisted dulrin-, the ceremony and the Mass'which followed imnmediately after by Rev. W. Pollard, as assistant priest;- Revs. J. Treacy and D. Kearney, as Deacons of Honor; J. Cosgrave and E. McKeever, as Deacon and Subdeacon of the Mass; Rev. E. A. Bush being Master of Ceremonies. After the Gospel, Rev. F. L. Tobin ascended the pulpit and delivered an eloquent address, arid the bisbop also spoke at the conclusion of the Mass. In the sanctuatry were Very Rev. J. Hickey, V.G., Rev. Fathers Gibbs, Nilus, Quilter, Farren, and Kaufman. -The followirnt, is a'description of theDnewly dedicatecl church: The cburch- is seventy feet in width by one hunclred and sixty-five in length,' consistin^, of al b'asemerit and iiiain stoi-y with tower at thc southwest corner? and is built in the Go)thic'style of arebitecture.,Tlhe walls of -the baseiiient are of stone, andc those~ of the' etitire sii erstriicture, includin, the tower, are faced with st'one. All the door cand window jarnibs, tracery, label mouldin--s, corbels, stiring courses, turt,and piiinacles, alre ofi elabolrately mioulded and richly polished -stonle and the plalne sui-face of the walls is cl-iiseled. The tower on reacbit)(g the hei-lit, of the roof is fiiiishied in a syamnetrical pyramid or spire, covered with slate, i I I i I I I I I I I I I I I i HIS,TORY' OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVA.NIA. 87 and surmounted with a finial, consisting of a moulded cap, ball, and cross, all of iron, and measures two hundred feet from the basement floor. The basemnent is one entire room, witlh a recess for the altar and a sacristy on eitlher side, and is thirteen feet froin the floor to the ceiling,. with tbiree rows of iron columns to support the floor of the main building. Thec church proper consists of a nave and aisles, with groined.arch ceilings, supported by beautifuil clustered columns of' calstiron. The aisles are tliiity. feet to the ceiling, and the nave fifty-five. A spacious a allery over the front supports a miacrrificent organ fromi the celebrated Pomplitz manufactory, and offers accommnodations to a lar^,e nunmber of people besides. There are tlhree elegant mai-ble.,altars, mxanufactured in Cincinnati, that in the centre bein-, of superior workmnanship. The main sanctuary is spacious and admirably adapted to the imposing, ceremonies of the Church ritual. To the rear of the side alt'ars are the sacristies, communicating with eaclh otlier by a passag,e behind the bigh altar. The pulpit attalched to one of the pillars and the confessionals are of exquisite workmainsliip, ancl are in keeping witb the pews and altar rail. The ceilin(-,s are finished with heavy stucco mouldings, with enri(;hed bonces and col-bels, wliih, with the plain surface, is of an immaculate white. The. stained --lass was furnished by the Carter Bros., South Side, and is surpassed by none in the city. Each window contains the portraits of two saints, life, size, the donaltionl of meimbers of the cong,re-,ation. F- Fom this the reader will be able to form a faiint idea, at least, of tlhis maunificent edifice, the completion of wlhich cost not lesbs tbani one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The old church has beeni torn- down, and even those wbo for years frequented it can lhardly mark tll;e'lace wlhere it stood. iAnother. work was still to be acconiplished, that of erectin^, a pastof;al reksidence adjacent to the church. This was unedertaken almost imamediately after the completion of the churclh, and an eleC,ant residence with cut-stone front, corresponding with the church, was erected on tlle lot fronting o-n Shernian Avenue, to the rear of the church. It was occupied in the spring of 1876. St. Peter's congregation is one of the larges t and most flourishing in the diocese, and for substantial, durable, and commodious buildiDgs is -not equaled, much. less surpassed, by any other. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ST. ANDREW'S CATHOLIC CHURCH, ALLEGHENY. The old church which is still standin-, is quite a small but substantial brickc structure, on Beaver Avenue, near the corner of Brady Street. At tbe time of its e'rection the place wbich it occupies, and its surroundings to a considerable distance was a common with no bouse, and little prospect of Idwelling,s being, built at an early day. Small as the church was, the congregation was yet smaller, and the mlost saDguine couild b1ardly ima-,ine that in less than ten years they would be in the lieart of a closely-built portion of the city, and be callin, for a church capable of.seating at least four times as many as the present. None of the suburbs of Pittsburgh have been built up, so rapidly as Manchester, and it is to such rrowth that we can attribute the rapid increase of our Catlolic population. In 1860 the diocese numbered fifty thousand souls; in 1875 it inumbered two bundred thousand. Astonishing, as these figures may appear, they are inot given.rashly, aind the history. of no conure(,ation will add so niuch to their proba-, bility as that upon which we,are at present engaged. But we must, Dot anticipate. The la in- of the corner-stone of the old church, the date of whiilh we bave not been able to learn, was not attended with any ceremonv. But tllechureb, which was, completed in th-e autumn of 1863, was dedicated by Bishop Domenec, Sunday, December 20, of that year,.and placed under the patronage of, St. Andrew the Apostle. The small con,ret,ation was attended from St. Peter's, by Father Mullen, or his assistant, until February 1, 1866, when it was deemed sufficiently lalrge to require and support a resident pastor. Rev. M. J. Mitchell, one of tlle veteran fathers of the diocese, was deputed to build up the new conlore-ation, and uncler his able and energetic adiministration it waIs soon in a flourishin- condition. In addition to the other measures which he adopted for the goo'd of the conuregation was the erection of a neat and. commodious pastoral, residence on the lot adjoinin- the cliurch.. He was succeeded about April 1, 1868, by the late Rev. P. McC., Morgan, a convert, a man rema-larkale for his tender piety and his bumble, uinassuming manner, wbose death,,April 14, 1872,, was deeply felt and latnented by the whole diocese. After remaining at St. Andrew's he was. succeeded, February 3, 1870, by the present pastor, Rev. M. Carroll. During, this timie the borough of Manchester was laid out in lots aiid rapidly built up; mianufactories betgan to appear in every-directioin; the cloud ovei-head fr,om. tle consunliption of coal girew. gradually dairker, and the " Smoky City", gratefully acknrowledoed the flourishing, borough as one of her suburbs. The. Pittsburgh Locomotive Works, a very extensive manufactory, was built on Beaver Avenue, directly opposite the clhui-eb, and affoided employment to a lar-e iiumber of laboreirs and tradesmiein. The growvth of the congreg,ationl was even mnore rapid' than th-at of the town, and St. Andrew's became da.ily less able to accomnmodaUteI I I I i i I I I HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 88 wall some distaince firom the altar rail oin the Gospel side, and the pews in froint, like thlose in all our lar-,e churches, are reveirsible, enablirt,- the whole conglrea-ation. to face the speaker. Th-is arrangement wa1s first adopted in the buildin;, of St. Paul's Catlhedral by Bishop O'Connor, Mr. Charles Bartberger, and Mr. Luke Taaffe and is, we believe, found only in the diocese of Pittsburgh. St. Andrew's has no basemenit roomls, and there is no school attachbed to the church. This it would be impossible to expect if we remeniber that the cont,reg-ation has built two churchies and a pawstoral residence in the brief space of nine years. It is reserved for a time wben the abilities of the congregation will enable ~theml to.undertake its erection. Father Carroll still exercises pastoral care of the corlfreLgation. but in the summer of 1873 it became so lar-e that be required an assistant. Father Denis O'Brien, then newly-ordainied, came to his aid, anid performed the part of' an assistant until bis eairly death itll 1875, when Father Brennan was ordained and sent to fill the vacancy, which lie still cOntinues to do. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This branch of the Christian Church was early established in Allegheny County., The first recoi-d is the deed of gift of two and a half lots of ground, wbei-e th e present Trinity Cathedral church stands. This deed bears date September 24, 1787, and was executed by " John Penn, Jr., and John Penn, of the city of Philadelphia, late propirietor of Pennsylvania, to the Honorable John Gibson, John Ormsby, Devereaux Smith, and Dr. Nathaniel Bedford, all of the towsn of Pittsburgh, in t-he County of Westmoreland, trustees of the congreg,ation of the Episcopal Protestant Church, commnotly called the Church of England, in trust foirever as a site for a house of religious woirship? and a burial-place for the use of said relig,ious society and their sLietessors, and for no other use, interit, or puirpose whatsoever." It is probable that beIfore thiWs date Episcopal services had beerl held here occasionally, and that army cliaplalins and transient clergymen had officiated, but there was no settled pastorz for mairly years. Ill 1797, ten yealrs subsequent to, this gift of the Penns, the few churchmen living here invited the Rev. John Taylor to officiate as their pastor. Mr. Taylor, fatmiliarly and lovinuly ksnowil as " Father Taylor," was not originally either a r miistr o meirerof hisChueh,but throu-,h the influence chiefly of William Cecil, an influential laymuan and devout member of the Church of England, he was induced to take orders, alnd be,iii his labors here. At first seirvices were beld in the court-house, and in other rooms, private and puLblic, as necessity and convenience required. Ori the 3d of September, IS05, a charter was granted by the Supreme Court, constituting the Rev. Jo hn Taylor, theii miDister of the parish, Pressley Neville and Samuel Roberts, the wardens, and Nathaniel Irish, Joseph Barker, Jeremiah Barker, Nathaniel Richardson, Nathaniel Bedford, Oliver Ormsby, George McGunnegle, George Robinson, Robert Magee, Alexander McLaughlin, William Cecil, and Joseph Davis,. vestrymen, a corporation and body politi'c by the name of the " Ministers, Church Wardens, and Vestrymen of Trinity Church, in Pittsburgh." About this time a triang,ular piece of land wfas purchasecl at tlhe intersectionl of Sixth Street with Wood and Liberty Streets, and a brick buildinr, erected thereon, commonly called the " Round Church," from the faGt that it conformed in its shape to the location of tlhe ground. It. contained fortyr-two pews s, besides a gallery. For twelve years from this date Mr. Taylor was often strugg,ling with poverty, and ekinf, out 1his meagre support by teachinu school. He resigned in 1818, on account of advancing, age, having ministered more than twenty years. He died on the lOth of August, 1838, at the age of eighty-four. The wish he had often been heard to express, "that he might not die a lingering, death, was literally fulfilled. He was killed by lightning at Chenango, Mercer County. The first vestry meeting under the new charter was hleldi April 9, 1806. The only business transacted was the adoption of a seal for the corporation, and the passag,e of a resolution fining "1 each nalember absent without due aiid sufficient cause and excuse in the sum of fifty cents.",From 1806 till 1810, a period of thirteen years, there is no record of anything, save the official ministerial duty performed by Mr. Taylor and otlhers, cmnd collated by Dr. Upfold at a later day. At this period, 1819, death had removed a number of the vestry as at first orgyanized. Oliver Ormsby and Peter Mowry were wardens; Morgan Neville, George Poe; Jr., Abner Baker, Abraham Long,, Joseph Davis, Peter Beard, Charles L. Volz, Walter Forward, Nathaniel Richardson, Samuel Roberts, Thomas Cromwell and John Reno, vestrymen. The Rev. Afiel Carter became rector of tlle parish in this year, but only remained a sliort time. The Rev. Wm. Richmond, a inissionary of the " Advancement Society of Pennsylvania," officiated foi- six montbs, and the Rev. George McElhenny for six moriths Or more. Several gentlei-en were called to officiate but declined, unitil, in 1821, the Rev. Wm. Thompson accepted, aind entered on his duties, but remainied less than two years. After liis remnoval there was a brief period without pastoral care. During this timne John tlle crowds that thronC,ed within it Sunday after Suinday. The erection of a new church was therefore decided upon, and uindertakzen. The honor of havingl begun aild -finished the new edifice is due to Father Carroll, to wliose prudence and untirinu, exertioni is also to be attributed the fact tbat, notwithstandin, the size of tbe, buildinu, but a small amount of debt remained unpaid at the time of its completion. The plan was prepared by James S. Devlin, Superintendent of St. Mary's Cemetery, and the con tract for the -stone-work let to Fred. Altvatter, early in thae summer of 1870. At this time the bishop was absent in Rome attendin- tbe Vatican Council, and the layinu of the corner-stone of the new eburch was arranu,ed to form part of the prot,ramme of his reception on his return. The sessions of the Council were interrupted and he set out for bome, arrivin-,.early in September, 1S70. He reached Lawrenceville, Sunday mornin-,, September 11, and, upon leaving the cars, was received enthusiastically by a number of the reverend clergy, and an immieinse concourse of societies and citizens. They foi-med in procession, the clergy and bishop in carria-,es, and moved throu^,h the principal streets of Pittsburgh and across the suspension bridge into Allegheny, under the commland of Dr. George H. Keyser, chief-marshal, and his assistants. On the line of march the procession was greatly increased by constant additions, so much so that when it r-eaclied Manchester and halted at the scene wbere the ceremony was to take place, it, with the crowd awaitinu, its arrival, could inot have been less than fifteen thousaiid souls. Streets, windows, and housetops were thron-,ecl with persons ainxious to catch a glinipse of the ceremony, or of him wI-o performed it. Among the clergy were the Rev. Fathers Garland, Gibbs, Denny, Devlin, Tobin, and others. The bislhop delivered a brief discourse, after which he laid thle corner-stone with tlhe appropriate ceremonies; and this ended, the procession formed in line and returned to St. Paul's Cathedral, wlhere solemnn vespers were sung, and wlhere the bishop again discoursed to the people assembled to welcome him. Nothin, could better illustrate the appropriateness of the name by which our zealous chief pastor is known in a large portion of tlhis country-that of "the working bishop' than that he should actually be at woirk before liaving reaclhed his own cathedral, or rather that be should pass by his cathedral to perform a pastoral function witliout so mluch as delaying to brush the dust of travel from his clothes. WVitbout detracting from the merit of the fathers of the Vatican Council, we think we can safely say that perbaps no oine co uld,afford so striksin- an exsaniple of pastoral zeal as wa.s done by the Bishop of Pittsburgh. The work on the new chuLrch prot,ressed rapidly, and in the autuimn of 1872 it wt1s ready for dedication. Sunday, October 20, was the day fixed for the solemn ceremony. On the morning of that day the church was filled with a large GongregatiOn anxious to witness and pairticipate in ~o memorable an event, and celebirate the crowning of a work UpOIl which they had so liberally and willingly bestowed a portion of their worldly mieans, and the early completion of which had filled them Mwith an honest pride. The bisbop, assisted by a number of the clergy, entered the sanctuary and proceeded to the dedication. At the conclusion of the ceremony, Rev. J. Farren, of Tyrone, celebrated solemn High Mass, assisted by Rev. Fathers Pollard and Treacy, as dealcon and sub-deacon. The bishop assisted in'cope and mitre, attended by Rev. Fathers Gibbs and Ferdinand, O.S.B., as deacons of honor. Father Phelan was mnaster of ceremoiiies. In the sainctuary were Rev. Fathers Carroll, Reisser, Schmidt, and a number of students from the 8eminary. After the Gospel the bishop ascended the pulpit, and, after announciing the death of his predecessor, Right Reverend Michael O'Connor, wbich took place two days before, and asking the prayers of the coii-reffation for the repose of his soul, add'inog at the same time a fittint, tiribute to his mnemory, took for his text a portion of the sixth chapter of the second book of Paral, which narrates the prayer of Solomon at the dedication of the temple. The choir, under the direction of Professor L. Irvine McCaffrey, sun, Mozart's Twelfth Mass, in a style that reflected great credit upon them. The church, which is situated at the corner of Beaver Avenue and Brady Street, is built of brick, in a style of architecture approachin the Gothic, anid measures in the extreme sixt-y-five by onie hundred and thirty-five feet. There is a tower in the front centre, which, like the church, is of brick trimmed with stone and finished to the hei-lit of tlle roof; the completion of the spire, which is to surmount it, bein-, reserved to such time as the congyre,ation has relieved itself of the debt still remaining, due upon the church. The trusses which support the roof rest upon heavy buttresses, wbich enabled the architect to dispense with pillars in the intei-ior to support the ceiling,. The roof, which is quite steep, is covered with Vermont slate. Thle ceilin- is groined over the windows, and towai-d the centre is fitiished in diamond-shaped spaces. There aro three altars, that in tlle centre having a spacious sailctuary. Over the entrance is the organgallerys affordin-t a-ccommodation to the choir and a portion of the cong,regation. 1Shewindws,includin-, the trefoil over the main altar, are filled with stained glass froni the manufactory of Marshall Steel. The pulpit is built against theHenry Hopkins, Esq., a young, lawyer, a coimmunlicant of the church, and a niember of theo vestry, volunlteered to act as lay-reader until a irector sliould be called, and obtained his license from the venerable Bishop White. Finally, lie quitted a lucrative practice at the bar and chose the miinistry as bis life-work. I-e was ordained deacon in 1824, and at once assumed the duities of rector. From that time really dates the growtli and pr osperity of the parisb. Tlle pi oj ect of buildino, ab new eburch was renewed, the pastor himlself Makin- the plans and pushing the work vifforously on. The corner-stone was laid with the irnposin-g ritual of the Masonic ordeir, and on the 12th of June, A.D. 1825, the church was c'onsecrated by Bishop White. The tower was completed in 1827. The followin-, year Mr. Hopkins was called to St. Stephen's Church, New York, but declitied. Inl 1830 he received another call to be assistant minister of Trinity Church, Boston. This call was finally accepted. He states that the only reason for bis leaving, here was the claim urged upon his services in tlle great caulse of theolo,-,ical education. The vestry in accepting hiis resi-nlation put on record the followin": "In recui-rin-, to the period wlhen your labors comnienced, they well remember tlle dark cloud wliich hunff in gloom over the prospects of our branch of the Church of Christ. They remember that in all Western Pennsylvania there wsere not more tb ln two officiating Episcopal clergymen, and tbat thie members of our communion were scattered; that in our church there were les.s than fifty communicants; thlat in many of our largest andl most flourishin,f villagevs the voice of an Episcopal clergyman had never been beard. But we turn witb pleasure to our present situation. In this place there lhas been erected a splendid church, an ornamnent to the WNest; and the number of worshipers and communicants bas increased nearly tenfold. Butler, Mercer, Meadville, Erie, Greensburg, and Blairsville will all remember the spirit and zeal which were infused by your visits to those places." Bishop Hopkins removTed to Vermont about 1832, where I-e became, perhaps, the most promiinent divTine in the State. The followino, beautiful "farewvell" was written by blim upon leavin-, Trinity Church, Pittsburgh: FAREWELL TO TRINITY CHURCI-I. Fcarewell, ye pinnacled ancl buttressed towers! Ye Gothic lioghts, and arch-crowne(i pillalrs high! Fruits of a, zealous heart, thouo-h humble powers, We cannot leave you now, without- a sigh. Farewell, dealr church! no more tby Sabbath bell Calls us to worship in tby place of prayer; No more we hear thine orga.n's soleiiin swvell, Nor marki the full response that rises there. Fa3rewell, thy grassy mounds, where pleaceful sleeps In it's cold be;l, our precious infant's clay; 0 ~~~~But faith can triuiiiph, e'en while nature weepsThe Lord has given-'twas IHis to take away. Farewell, our house, embosomed deep in trees, Anld decked with all the garden's choic,est pricleNo more we breathe tby woodbine-scented breeze, Nor tread thy flowery alleys side by side. But why art thou so heavy, O my soul? Why so disquieted, my mlourning heart? Art thou nlot led by duty's higfh control? Has not thy Master called thee to depart? FaUrewell, then, all! Thouoh homleless now we 90, A better, brighter home to us is given; Nor may we mournl to leave a Church below, While Christ secures to u.s the Church in heaven. There, in that Paradise of joy above, Pa^rtings and griefs and pains sball all be o'er; Thei-e we shall meet aogain with all we love, And sighs shall breathe and tears shall fall no more. The Rev. Mr. Kemper, now the venerable Bishop of Wisconsin, wlio had officiated here for a time, durin, the early years of his miniistry was -invited to becoine its rector, but declined. The Rev. Mr. Brunot, son of Mr. Hilary Brunot, one of thle oldest communicants of the parish, afterwards cut down b y death in the prime and vigor of his youth, officiated until the Rev. Dr. Upfold was called, July 27, 1831, and entered on h-iis duties as rector in October of the saine year.:For ei-b,teen years Dr. Upfold ministered to this coDt,re-ation as pastor, whien he renioved to Indiana. In 1850 the Rev. Dr. Lyman entered on Iiis duties, aind -oin-, abroad in 1860, the Rev. Mr. Swope was elected rector pro temxpore. In 1862, Dr. Lyman havHISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVAiNIA. 89 in, coincludced not to return, Mr. Swope was iiladle rector, alnd in 1867 resigned to becomle asisistant miinister of Trinity Church, New York. The Rev. John Scarborough conmmnenced Ihis labors as rector October 1, 1S67, and continlu-d uintil the sprinl, of 1875, when he resigned to becomie Bisbop of New Jersey, and was succeeded by Rev. William H. Hitchcock, the present incumbent. Amnongr the prominent na-mq-s ill the vestry of Trinity Church are the followint, Neville, Roberts, Richardson, Bedford Ormsby, Barker, Irish, McGunnegle, Robinson, Magee, Cecil, Mowry, Davis, Forward Beard, Volz, Poe, Long, Reno, Ennocks, Arthurs, Witty, Kerr, Holmes, Mason, Baldwin, Johnston, Israell, Selden, Miltenberger, Quiinan, Keller, Holdship, McFadden, Hogan, Hughes, Darlington Schoeppe, Metcalf, Wade, Snowden, Anderson, Shaler. Tl1e first rector, Rev. _Mr. Taylor., was ve ry fond of natural science, and it is said he loved the stuLdy of astronomy so well that he sometimes spent the entire nit,ht watchin-, the movements of the heavenly bodies. Dr. Kemper, since Bishop of Wisconsin, was a noted n-ian aild greatly cherished by all who knew him. Bishop Hopkins won a world-wide fame, and attained distinction as a poet, painter, musician, architect, author, and theologian. Under Bishop Upfold's administration the parish fairl. overflowed, and a second one was formed. Durin-, Dr. Lyman's rectorship, St. Peter's was built. He is known familiarly to the whole Church as one who hnas done much to inake the American services known abroad. Dr. Swope is known and favorably remembered for the noble stand he took in the foundin- of tli's diocese. Dr. Scarborough was an able and popuLlar man, as his promotion to Bishop of New Jersey testifies. Among those who bave from timne to time served here as assistant ministers, mnay be mientioned Reverends Goshorn, Foote, Varian, R. Smith, R. S. Smith, Taylor, Hodges, Richey, and Kerfoot. The Rev. Dr. Van Dusen, now of Utica, New York, was for a timle associate rector with Dr. Lyman. He was first rector of St. Peter's. The growth and extension of the church, as well as the growth of the city, miay be seen in the fact that it was not until 1837 that a second parish (St. Andrews) was organized.'Now there are some thirteen parishes, each with its settled pastor, each a centre of inlfluence and power. Trinity is still f-ondly called the mother parish, and througli a history of fourscore yeairs has maintained the front rank in all religious aild benevolent workts among the children that have grown up around her. The grand and imposing New Trinity Cathedral Church was consecrated January 25, 1872, being the feast of the conversion of St. Paul. This is onei of the finest and most costly of the Pittsburgh churches. Its' style of architecture is the decorated English Gothic. The ground plan consists of nave and side aisles, north and south transepts, chancel, etc. The general dimaensions are as follows: Total length over all, nave and chancel, one buindred and fifty-four feet; width, sixty-six feet; width across transepts, eig,hty-eig,ht feet. The ag,greg,ate cost, including chapel, was two hundred thousand dollars. The hei-ht of the spire is two lhundred feet from the grouind. This church has a fine cliim-e of nine bells, the cost of which was mainly contributed by the ladies of the parish. Accordin' to the census of 1870, there were in Allegheny County fifteein organizationis of the Protestant Episcopal Church, with six thousand seven hundred and fift-y sittings. The lart,e majority of these are located in the two'cities of Pittsburgh aild Allegheny. The diocese of Pittsburgh embraces eighteeen thousand six hundred squLare miles, aiid contained, by the census of 1870, one million one huindred aind four thousand and ei-hty-five inhabitants. It was or,anized in 1865. The Ri,ht Rev. John Barrett Kerfoot, D.D., LL.D., is the bishop, residint, at No. 11 Cliff Street, Pittsburgh. THE BAPTIST DENOMNATION. The pioneer Baptist rniniisters in Western Pennsylvania were John Sutton and John Corbley. The first church gathered by them (Goshen) is still in existeDce. It was organized in 1770, at a place known as Big Whitely, Greene County. It requirecl great self-denial on tho part of thcse early laborers -to pi-osecute their work. Mr. Corbley, besides the suffeiings incident to his position, I-ad a ti-ial of peculiar seveirity. As be was going on foot to one of his appointiiients about a mile distant fi-om Ilis home, meditating upon the subject of Iiis sermon, bis wife and five children walkint, somye distance in advance of him, he w.as stai-tled by the shrieks of his famnily. He rail to their relief, and found that they weire attacked by Indians. As he was unarmed, Iiis wife called to Ihim to m-ake Iiis escape, which, though closely pursued, he succeeded in doing. His family were all left for dead by the savages. Two children, however, though tomahawked and scalped, finally recovered, The first church in Allegheny County was oruanized November 10, 1773. It