sanely and safely in such a manner as to justify the idea
of their origin as well as organization. Citizenship and
its comprehension by pupils is the cardinal idea, and this
idea is and has been as largely exemplified and understood by those who have taught it and those to whom it
has been taught in Pittsburgh as in any of the large
cosmopolitan communities. The public school buildings
of recent construction embody the latest and most sensible of the schemes of ventilation and general methods of
modern convenience. The health, both mental and physical, has been carefully looked after. Sites for new buildings have been usually
admirably s e 1 e c t ed.
Curricula  of  studies
h av e b e e n annually
broadened and improved until the ordinary
course in a public
school  in  Pittsburgh
has come to be regarded as ordinarily  adequate to the necessities
of the pupil of limited
means.  T h e HighSchool System, amplified as it has been, is
not much inferior to
the scope of the university s c h e nl e, and
efforts are making at
present to give local
pupils advantages that,
in these schools, will
compensate  them  for
any  failure to obtain
university or college
possibilities.   Eclecticism with its multifarious advantages is gradually taking hold on
the public school systemn as it has on the
collegiate system, and
it will soon have as
large a place in the
former as in the latter. The concentration of interest in
the greater city will result in very great advantages to the
schools of both cities as well as to the many schools that
will come to us from the present detached cities and borougbs that will presently be numbered with Pittsburgh's
public schools.
All of this is descriptive of, and assertive of, the public
schools.  In the matter of the denominational and nondenominational schools conmmensurate activity and enterprise are noted. Pittsburgh has long been one of the
largest patrons of the large universities of the United
States; indeed, of the world. It has been compelled to
send to schools of technology and to schools of special
training pupils who, if they had had these schools at
home, would also have had facilities for objective teaching and immediate illustration not possessed by any city
or community on the face of the earth.  The necessity
for going to any outside school for technical or, indeed,
any specific or general education, has almost passed, and
within a very short time it will not exist at all. The
selection of a site for the permanent location for the
Western University of Pennsylvania in the central part
of the city leaves nothing to conjecture as to
the future of Pittsburgh's university
prospects. It has been
to the  shame of the
city that the struggle
for place and permanence  has  been  so
long and so discouraging, in the instance of
an institution that has
in its charter and in
its intention everything
that Pittsburgh's  citizens have sought for
so long and so expensively for a century.
It is also to its shame
that the present idea is
not spontaneous, b u t
has its form  from  the
invincible  industry  of
one or two persons
who insist th at the
greater city shall be
baptizedl in its proper
clothing with not a
garment missing. The
new university and the
new city are congenital
-strength and brains.
It is, in the instance of
each, or was, a fortunate concurrence of circumstances that gave such
great civic and educational possibilities birth  at the
same moment.  Hereafter their paths will be parallel.
Hereafter the city will try to do for the university
the things neither the city nor the citizens did for
it when the success of one was as important as the
success of the other. Its citizens will vie with each other
in their efforts to make it the school of schools in the city
of cities. The new university will go up on the summit
and southern slope of Herron Hill, one of the beautiful
peaks of the many hills that distinguish and individualize
SIXTH AVENUE WEST FROM SMITHFIELD98   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P t T T S B U R G H
also excelled, as the following show: State Institution
for Feeble Minded, at Polk, which cost $800,000, with
later extensions costing $300,000; buildings for insane
at the city farm at Marshalsea, $300,000; Allegheny
County Hospital for the Insane, at Woodville, $300,000;
West Penn. Medical College and Magee Pathological
Institute  at  Mercy  Hospital, Pittsburghl; St. John's
General Hospital, North  Side, and buildings for the
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, at Dixmont. Public county buildings designed by him include
the Luzerne County Court-House at Wilkesbarre, Pa.,
costing  $1,200,000; Washington  County  Court-House,
$85o,ooo; Allegheny County Jail, $8oo,ooo, and Allegheny  County  Morgue, $300,000, in  Pittsburgh, and
Dauphin County Prison at Harrisburg, $200,ooo. The
Carnegie Library Building at Beaver Falls, the Westinghouse library and office building at Wilmerding, and
Syria Temple in Pittsburgh were also designed by hlini.
His wor-k in designling schlool buiLdings has included the
Franklin, North, Thad Stevens and Sacred Heart in
Pittsburgh, the High and Eleventh Ward schools on the
North Side, the C. M. Schwab Industrial and Fifth Ward
schools in  Homestead, engineering buildings at State
College, and a dormitory building at Washington and
Jefferson College. The Bellefield Presbyterian and First
Methodist Protestant churches of Pittsburgh, St. Thomas'
Roman Catholic Church at Homestead, and St. Michael's
Roman Catholic Church at Loretto were planned by him.
Residence structures noted for their beauty  were built
from his plans, including such homes as those of Thomas
Morrison, C. D. Armstrong, D. Herbert Hostetter, James
W. Piatt and others in Pittsburgh; of C. M. Schwab at
Braddock and Loretto, and numerous others in western Pennsylvania. He designed the Iroquois Apartment
Building  in  Pittsburgh, the Bradberry  Apartments on
the North Side, and the Cape May Hotel, costing $I,000,ooo, at Cape May, N. J.  A  number of fine factory
buildlings in Pittsburgh were also desined by him.
Mr. Osterling was never married. He is well know
in club life and Masonic circles, being a member of the
Mystic Shrine and other subordinate lodges of that order.
WILLIAM GUNN PRICE-William Gunn Price,
elilgneer of thle Electric Motor Truck Department of the.
Standard  Steel Car Company  of  Pittsburgh, is well
known as an engieer.
He was born in Knoxville, Pennsylvania, where his
father, William Price, was a physician. His family on
his father's side was of Welsh and English descent, and
on his mother's, Irish and Scotch.  He gained his early
education in the public schools, Hatqfwick S;e111inaq-y,anl
COlumbia College.  His engineering experience
began when he was eighteen years of age in the vicinity
of New  York, and from 1879 to I896 he was Assistant
United States Engineer in charge, successively, of Surveys on the Mississippi River, improving the harbor of
Pa., were married in 1885. They have two daughters,
Edwina and Lucille. Mr. Morse is a membger of thle
Dulquesne Clubl, thle American Society of Civil Engineers
andc thle Eng-ineers' Society of WVestern Pennlsylvania.
Mr. Morse's success is a fine exetm-plification of thle
vTalule of thlorough1 preparation itn any profession combined wiith close attention to business and a Watchfull eve
On any improvements in mnethlods.
FREDERICK JOHN OSTlERLING-Frederick
johln Osterlinug one of thae loted archlitects of America,
is a prodtict of self-development, a self-made man of
Pittsburgh. Osterling has risen by
force of his determination and character to an enviabDle
reputation. His work has often been remarked as a
standard for others to copy. He was born at Dravosburg, on the MOnongahela River opposite Mckkespot
October 4, 1865. His father, Philip Osterling, and his
mother, Bertlia Stauffer Osterling, now of the North
Side, were both descended from famiilles that figured in
Allegheny County's early history. Young Osterling had
the advantage of education in the Allegheny public
schools.  Later he pursued a course of st study in Lessing
Institute.
From childhood the lad had an aptitude for "making pictures," this trait developing afterward int more
dignified form.  In I879, when he was only 14 years
old, he  started  studying  arclitecture  in  Pittsburgh.
After several vears as a draughtsman, he began designing Buildings of his OWn accord. Then came residence
for brief periods in various American cities, he studying
the form and structure of buildings noted for their
beauty, convenience and other features. This American
tour was followed by a study of architecture abroad several years. He came back to Pittsburgh fully eqtiippedl
to imatchl thae best arcliltecttural wNork thlat couldl be produlced, opgeninlg lils own office in Pittsbulrghl in I 888,
WhTlen lie was only 2 3 years old. H:e hlas since 1-iaintained offices in this city, although e hlas sulpplemel-ted
and improved his earlier training by trips abroad to study
particular phases of ancient and modern structures.
Mr. Osterling has been in the van in planning the
modern sky-scraper type of office building. Among such
Pittsburgh structures are the Commonwealth Trust
Building that cost $I,OOO,OOO, a splendid building; the
Arrott that cost $750,000, the "Times" at $45o,ooo, and
also the Telephone and Hussey Buildings. In bank
buildings of notable construction for beauty and convenience are the Colonial Trust Company's original
building in Fourth Avenue that cost $500,000, and the
same company's extension to Diamond Street that cost
$200,ooo; also the Liberty National, Germania Savings,
Lincoln National and Marine National Banks in Pittsburgh, the Third National of Allegheny, and the Citizens National at Washington, Pa.
In buildings o f a public nature Mr. Osterling hasNew Orleans, the rectification of the Red, Mississippi
and Atchafalaya Rivers, and other important works.
William  Gtinn Price is the inventor of the electric
current meter and of the acoustic current meter for
measuring the flow of water.  Both these instruments
are extensively used by engineers in this and foreign
countries. At New Orleans he designed a new and successful system of spur dykes for protecting the banks of
the river along the wharves.
He is the originator and advocate of the plan for the
improvement of the lower Mississippi River by the
method which utilizes the forces of the river to dig the
foundation  for permanent
channel controlling works,
and rwhich has been successful as applied by him  in
New Orleans Harbor and in
the Atchafalaya River and
elsewhere.  This method of
construction is such that the
force of the river can only
sink the structure deeper in
the sand while more material is being added on the
top.
All of IMir. Price's inventions and improvements
in engineering construction
lhave been boldly original.
He  is a  mnemliber of the
Amterican Society of Civil
Enlgineers.
F. G. ROSS--Although
engaged in the engineering
business in Pittsburgll for
only about five years, F. G.
Ross has been identified with
various large and important
engineering   projects  and
concerns in the vicinity of
this city  for many years.
He has had charge of mucli
construction work in the Pittsburgh District for various
large industrial and manufacturing concerns, and has
proven that he is an engineer of marked ability.
He is a native of Pennsylvania, having been born in
Green County, where he spent his boyhood days attending school at Waynesburg. While a boy in his teens, he
was greatly interested in all kinds of construction work,
and fond of mathematics. This prolmpted him to decide
to adopt engineering as a profession, and he entered the
University of West Virginia in I887, graduating from
that institution, which is located at Morgantown, W/V. Va.,
in i89I, when he received his degree of Civil Engineer.
After leaving college, Mr. Ross accepted -several
minor positions, getting considerable valuable practical
experience in his line, and about a year later entered the
employ of Wilkins  Davison, of this city. He demonstrated his worth to this firm in the first few months he
was in its employ, and a short time later was placed in
charge of the construction work as chief field engineer
at the new water works system which his employers were
building at Steubenville, Ohio.
The next important piece of work which his employers placed him in charge of was laying out and platting
the proposed town of Vandergrift, Pa., installing sewerage system, grading, curl-bing and paving the streets, etc.
So well did he do this work
that the Vandergrift Land
 Im1provement Co. engaged
him as chief engineer, placing him in charge of the entire plan.  He was also retained  as engineer by the
Apollo  Iron    Steel Co.,
wThich concern was building
a large plant at Apollo, Pa.
In April, I903, Mr. Ross
decided to engage in a general  engineering  business
for hilnself, and accordingly
opened offices in the Farmlers' Bank Building, where
he is located at the present
time.  He makes a specialty
of examninations, tests and
reports on natural gas plants,
etc., and makes surveys,
estimnates and plans for the
construction  of  railroads,
iwater works, seNwers, town
sites, foundations for buildings, bridges, etc., as well as
superintending the construction of the same.
His wide experience in
these  lines  has  especially
adapted  him  to  this class
of wvork, and lie has been in charge of some of the
largest projects of this nature that have been attempted  in the vicinity  of Pittsburgh in the past
decade.  One of the most important of these was the
immense improvements made by the Schenley Farms
Company on Fifth Avenue, Oakland, Pittsburgh. Here
the hill was cut away, streets laid out, an immense stone
retaining wall built, sewers, curbing and sidewalks laid,
transforming wlhat had heretofore been a barren waste
into one of the finest residence districts in the city. Over
$500,000 was expended in these improvements. Mr.
Ross within the past year has also constructed a gas
plant for the pumping station at Sistersville, W. Va.
WILLIAM GUNN PRICEADOLPH   JACOB   SCHAAF - Adolph  Jacob
Scliaaf is the vice-president, stockholder and director
of the Highland Mary Mining  Milling Co., Ind.,
under laws of Colorado, capital, $200,000; vice-president,
stockholder and director of the Cosmopolitan Engineering Company, of Pittsburgh, Inc., capital, $I2,ooo, and
stockholder in the American Ice  Storage Co., of Louisville, Kentucky. The name of Adolph Jacob Schaaf is
well known for many notable achievements in connection with the fitting tip of steamnboats with machinery,
he being the chief engineer of the highly important Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Company.
Born I86I of German
and Holland parentage in
New Albana, Indiana, he
was educated there in the
public schools.  At fourteen he learned the trade of
mnachinist, and rose to be
chief engineer on t he
steamboat Rainblow, of the
Louisville and Evansville
mail line. At various times
he took charge of the machine shops of Charles
Hegenald, building boilers
and machinery for boats.
He was sent on an interesting trip to Alaska for the
Alaska Commercial Company of San Francisco, for
which he had fitted out wvith
machinery thirty-five boats
while  he  was with  the
Howard ship yards.
Mr. Schaaf is a member of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania.
ALBERT LOUIS
SCHULTZ-In according
honors to constructing engineers, who, by their work, have contributed, directly
and indirectly, in no smiall degree, to the progress and
prosperity of Pittsburgh, suitable mention should be
made of the achievements and ability of Albert Louis
Schultz.
Few engineers have held higher or more responsible
positions.  Not nlany have been associated with undertakings of greater importance.  As a designer and
builder of bridges, Mr. Schultz gained international recognition. In other lines of engineering he has given the
world indisputable evidence of his proficiency.  He designed the South TIwenty-second Street bridge at Soho,
and the bridges in Schenley Park; he acted as consulting
engineer for J. D. Callery in the construction of the
Glenwood bridge; he built the New Kensington bridge
over the Allegheny, and the Highland Park cantilever
bridge; one of the organizers of the Schultz Bridge Company, he was President, General Manager and Chief Engineer of that corporation until the Schultz Bridge Company wTas absorbed by thle American Bridge Company;
for two years he was Operating Manager of the Pittsburgh division of the American Bridge Company; to the
credit obtained by his achievements in bridge construction nmust be adlded the prestige he attained as constructing engineer for the Oliver Iron Works in building the
cable road for the Pittsburgh Traction Company,
and as consulting engineer
for the West End Traction
Company  and  the West
Side Belt Railroad; he is
further distinguished as the
designer and builder of the
Mount Washington' Freight
Incline and the M o u n t
Oliver Incline Railway;
Mr. Schultz also designed
the structural work of the
Howard Plate Glass Company, and the impress of
his personality is staimped
upon other large industrial
plants.
Albert Louis  Schultz
was born in New Orleans,
Louisiana, on August I I,
I85I, and inherited fromn
the best sort of Geriman
ancestors the ability and
other qualities that have enabled him to rise to his present eminence.  His father,
Charles J. Schultz, a native
of Liibeck, graduated as an
architect and engineer from
the University of Copenhagen, and afterwards, on coming to the United States,
became a well known bridge builder.
Mr. Schultz completed the collegiate part of his
technical education when he graduated from the "Imperial Polytechnic" at Berlin, Germany, in I874. Having availed himself of every advantage of this most
practical and thorough course of engineering, he returned
to Pittsburgh and secured employment as a designer and
estimator in the office of the Iron City Bridge Company.
From  thence forward he rose rapidly; eventually he
arrived where he stands to-day, in a position of eminence
that commands the respect of all his associates in a city
noted for its technical skill.
ADOLPH JACOB SCHAAFA member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Engineers' Club of New York, and the Verein Hfitte of Berlin, and belonging also to the Duquesne
Club of Pittsburgh and the Ellicott Club of Buffalo, Mr.
Schultz occupies a well recognized position of social as
well as professional prominence.
SIMON H. STUPAKOFF-A consulting engineer
in a class all by himself, Simon H. Stupakoff, a worldknown expert industrially on high-temperature measuring and pyrometry, also possesses an additional distinction in being the only Stupakoff in the United States.
Mr. Stupakoff is so immersed in his profession that he
never lets it get far out of his sight, and therefore colmbines an office, one of the most complete laboratories
anywhere, and his home at
545 Turret Street, East End.
Equipped with a good
foundation of t e c h n i c a 1
knowledge, p e r f e c t e d by
thorough practical training,
Mr. Stupakoff's services are
sought all over the country.
He has practically no competition in his line and is in
touch with the largest industrial establishments in the
country.  Greatly  through
his work the application of
pyrometers among industries
using high temperature has
largely done away with the
expert operators necessary in
the old days.
What has been accomplished through Mr. Stupakoff's efforts is best illustrated by the fact that heretofore the special knowledge
necessary for using a great
number of industrial products, which had to be subjected
to high temperature in the making, put work in these
lines entirely at the mercy of a few specially trained men.
Mr. Stupakoff was for I5 years superintendent of
the Union Switch  Signal Co., Swissvale, Pa., and one
of the originators of and superintendent of the Pennsylvania Malleable Company. He is one of the better
known men in the industrial life of Pittsburgh, and is
a member in innumerable engineering and scientific
societies.
EMIL C. P. SWENSSON  Swensson, Emil C. P.,
engineer, was born at Alborg, Denmark, December I2,
IS58, son of Jean and Marie Katherine (Svendson)
Swensson.  He was educated at the gymnasium  of
Halmstad, Sweden, and the Chalmers Polytechnic Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden, where he graduated in
I879. In May, I88i, he emigrated to the United States.
His first employment was on the old tunnel under the
Hudson River between New York City and Jersey City,
working as a common laborer. After several positions
as draughtsman, both architectural and engineering, he
entered the services of the Phoenix Bridge Company, of
Phoenixville, Pa., and very soon began to manifest a
peculiar talent for the branch of the profession known as
bridges and structural engineering. In I887 he accepted
an appointment with the Keystone Bridge Company of
Pittsburgh, which in I892 became a department of the
Carnegie Steel Company, and he steadily advanced, until
in I895 he was made superintendent, and in I896 chief
engineer.  When in June, I90oo, the American Bridge
Company bought the Keystone Bridge Works, he became manager of the Keystone plant, but after six
months he resigned to open
up his own office as consulting and constructing engineer. During his connection here important developments in the application of
structural steel to steel 1mill
structure were  introduced,
and he cate into intimate
professional  and  business
co nt a ct with new  engineering enterprises of the
day. The Keystone Bridge
Works furnished all or part
of the structural steel work
for many of the high-frame
office  buildings, commnonly
called sky-scrapers; two of
the Chicago Elevated Railroads; parts of the Boston
Subway; parts of the Boston
Elevated Railroad; part of the New York Elevated Railroads; the New York Rapid Transit Railroad Bridge
over the Chicago drainage canal; large bridges over the
Ohio, Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers, and special
bridge work on the Pittsburgh, Bessemer and Lake Erie
and Union Railroads, built to carry trains composed of
50-ton capacity steel hopper cars, and the heaviest locomotives in the world.  The steel hopper railroad car
above mentioned was designed in I895 under Mr. Swensson's personal supervision, and the first two cars were
built in I896, also under his personal supervision, he
having in the meantime been made superintendent of
these works.
He has since been commissioned on some special
work for the Carnegie Steel Company, and became a
junior partnership in this world-famed indlustrial concern; consulting engineer of the Pittsburgh Railways
Company; designing and supervising engineer for some
of the bridges being built by the State of Pennsylvania;
consulting bridge engineer of the United States Government in widening and deepening the channels under the
bridges over the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers near Pittsburgh, and has been consulting expert for various other
engineering structures and enterprises. He is a member
of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, and
was president in I896; the American Society of Civil
Engineers in I893, and the American Associates for the
Advancement of Science. He was married at Mt.
Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pa., December 25,
I883, to Catherine Elizabeth, daughter of J. B. Jordan,
Esq., a member of an old and prominent Presbyterian
family of western Pennsylvania, and has four children,
Otto J., Christian J., Stuart
J., and Henri J. Swensson.
EDWARD J. TAYLOR
-Of engineers whose specialty is the acceleration and
supervision of coal production no one ranks higher in
his profession than Edward
J. Taylor, the Chief Engineer of the Pittsburgh Coal
Company.
Ever since he graduated
with honors from the University of Western Pennsylvania in I876, Mr. Taylor's
career as a civil engineer has
been a progressive demonstration of great ability. His
professional practice  comnmenced inMcKeesport.
Soon after he opened his
office there he received the
appointment of City Engineer. In I877, McKeesport, contrasted with what it is today, was comparatively an unimportant town. A glance
backward shows how greatly the city has grown. As City
Engineer, for years, during the period of McKeesport's
largest growth, Mr. Taylor superintended the construction and installation of various important municipal inprovements, included in which were the water works and
the sewerage system.
The opportunities which private practice offered in
the way of professional advancement caused him to relinquish the office of City Engineer in I89o. What,
afterwards, he was able to accomplish, proved the advisability of the course he pursued. In the next nine years
his efforts were attended with constantly increasing success.  For railroad and highway purposes he designed
and superintended the construction of a number of
bridges across the Youghiogheny  and  Monongahela
Rivers, among which were the Youghiogheny bridge at
McKeesport, the Pittsburgh and Homestead bridge at
Homestead, the Washington Run bridge, and the bridge
over the "Yough" at Confluence.
All the while, however, he was making an exhaustive
study of the engineering problems that apply to coal
production. To such an extent did his evident talent in
this direction obtain recognition that in I899, when the
Pittsburgh Coal Company was organized, the position
of Chief Engineer was offered unhesitatingly to Edward
J. Taylor. His previous work in the Pittsburgh and in
the Connellsville districts indicated his capacity, and his
continuation as Chief Engineer of one of America's
greatest coal-prodlucing corporations is the affirmation
of former estimates of his
ability.
The Chief Engineer of
the Pittsburgh Coal Company is entrusted with
tremendous  responsibilities.
With its large acreage, its
numerous mines, its annual
production of upwards of
I5,ooo00,000ooo tons of coal,
many of the important details of the carrying on of
this vast business come within the province of the Chief
Engineer.  He has charge,
not only of the work of surveying  and developing of
new coal lands, the location
and designing of coal mining and coke plants, but also
of all other work connected
with the development and
enlargement of facilities and
properties. In every instance
Mr. Taylor has shown capacity of the very highest order.
SAMUEL  ALFRED  TAYLOR-Samuel Alfred
Taylor has a reputation as a civil and mining engineer
that is enviable and that places him among the first in his
profession. Since beginning the general practice of his
profession he has designed and built many water works
systems, and has done work in mines and coking properties that has materially aided in their development.
After graduating from  the Western University as
civil engineer in I887, he had charge of the draughting
and  structural department of the Homestead Steel
Works until I888, at which time he entered the employ
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in its construction department under Mr. John M. Byers. He remained
E. J. TAYLORin this employment until the latter part of I893, when
he began business for himself as civil and mining engineer in general practice, securing and maintaining a
position in the engineering world second to none.
He is an earnest church worker, being an officer in
the First United Presbyterian Church of Wilkinsburgh.
He is also a member of several social and business clubs
of the city.
He is a descendant of Revolutionary stock, his greatgrandfather, Jacob Taylor, having been a soldier in that
war. His father's famlily is of English and Welsh origin,
while his mother's parents, Hugh and Agnes Maxwell,
came from Ireland. Thus by heredity as well as by education and achievement he is entitled to the honorable
and successful career upon
which he has entered.
ROBERT MAURICE
TRIMBLE -Robert Maurice Trimble has a record as
an architect that makes him
one of the leading designers
of buildings in the city. He
began the independent practice of architecture in October, I898, and though being in business less than nine
years, has enjoyed a flattering and lucrative patronage
that older firms in the business have not -been able to
maintain.  He has had a
varied practice, having built
residences, banks, apartment
houses, factories, city fire
engine houses, b u s i n e s s
blocks, churches, etc. Among
others he has erected the
Pittsburgh Free Dispensary;
the St. Thomas Memorial
Church  of Oakmont, the
Wilmerding National Bank
Building, the Ohio Valley Bank Building, and the Bank
of Secured Savings of Allegheny. His offices are in the
Ferguson Block.
He was born May 15, I87I, in Allegheny City, was
educated in the Allegheny public schools, graduating
from the high school in I887, and attended the Western
University in I888. He was associated with his father
in the general contracting business until 1892, when he
began the study of architecture with F. J. Osterling, a
Pittsburgh architect, working with him as clraughtsman
until I898, when he went into business for himself.
Mr. Trimble was married to Sarah Latimer Hamill
October 29, I896, in Allegheny. They have three interesting children, Robert Maurice, Mary H., and William H. Mr. Trimble has his family residence on Brighton Road, Ben Avon.
He is of Scotch-Irish descent, his father's ancestors
having come froim Ireland and settled in Butler County,
Pa., in I790, and his mother's grandparents having come
from Scotland and Ireland and located in America before the Revolution. Her grandfather was one of the
Revolutionary veterans.
THE W. G. WILKINS COMPANY-The W. G.
Wilkins Company, engineers and architects, is the successor of the old firm of Wilkins  Davidson, and is
composed of Win. Glyde Wilkins, C.E., Joseph E. Kuntz,
architect, and Wilber M. Judd, civil and mining engineer.
The colnpany and its predecessor have been engaged
in  business  for  nineteen
years, the last sixteen of
which they have been located
in the Westinghouse Building. Mr. Wilkins is a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy,
N. Y., class of'79, and is a
member and past president
of the Engineers' Society of
Western Pennsylvania. He
is also a member of the following: American Society
of Civil Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, Institute of Mining
Engineers of England, Ohio
Institute of Mining Engineers, and Central Mining
Institute of Western Pennsylvania.
Previous to engaging in
private practice, Mr. Wilkins
was for one year engaged
on the United States government survey of the Mississippi River. He was also connected with the engineering
department of both the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne  Chicago Railway, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, having
been for seven years assistant engineer of construction
of the latter, and for two years was city engineer of Allegheny, when he served that municipality with a high degree of satisfaction to all concerned.
Mr. Kuntz has been the architectural member of the
company and its predecessor since I88o. He is a member of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania,
and Pittsburgh Chapter of American Institute of Architects.
Mr. Judd is a graduate of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in the class of'84, and previous to his
SAMUEL A. TAYLORP I T T S I3 U R- G H
portant plants f or which they have been the engineers
are three plants f or the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co., two
plants f or the Hecla Coke Company, two plants f or the
Cascade Coal  Coke Co. at Tyler and Sykesville, Pa.,
and are nOW constructing three plants aggregating I,OOO
ovens for the H. C. Frick Coke Company, which includes
the largest andl most up-to-clate central electric power
plant ever buiilt f or a coal mining operation, the steam
for which is generated by the waste heat fro the coke
ovens.The following water works have also been. built f rot-n
their plans ancl uncler their suipervision:  Steubenville,
O.; Latrobe, Pa.; Grafton, W. Va.; Vanclergrift, Pa.;
the Sotithwest Water Collipany, Connellsville, Pa.
I 04   T  H  E   S T  O  R  Y    O  FS
becominu a memnber of the WV. G. WVilkins Company was
engagecl f or ten years in sanitary ancl rnunicipal elngineering, ancl was connectecl withl the Illinois Steel Company as civil engineer, mnining engineer f or the Euireka
Fuel Company, ancl civil engineer f or the Am1erican Steel
 Wire Co. He is a mnember of the American Society
of Civil Engineers and the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania.
Messrs. Kuntz ansl Juddc are also experts, and an
important part of their work has been the engineering
with the opening up and constrtuction of bituminous collieries ancl coke works, having been the enigineers for over forty coal plants                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       the Ilatter
aggregating over 5,ooo ovens. Al-i-ongst the mnore im1I
1.
z
z
-.1
i:
f
of thickly besetting difficulties, brought about, amply, the
realization of their ambition; progressive men, men  who
to a great degree possessed creative power; men endowed
with the genius of organization; men who profited by
the mistakes of othaers as well as thaeir OWN; men able to
devise new methods; men capable of making marked
improvements; men not afraid to enter fresh fields; men
who were willing to risk, if need be, all that had;
men who did not shrink from encountering business or
other opposition; men  who believed in their own ability;
men noted for their alacrity
in makinguse of fortuitous events; men who staked witlh
confidence their all on the future of Pittsburgh; of types
like these were the men that raised the city from obscurity
to its present proud position.
Not all were saints, nor are those now most looked
up to omniscient. Some, beyond question, were acttuated
by the highest motives; others, frankly speaking, in practice at least, were shrewd disciples of the Florentine
philosopher. It took all sorts and conditions of men to
achieve the results that redound so greatly to the credit
of the Pittsburgh district to-day. Civilization may be
likened unto the growthl of a coral reef. Each mnan that
lives contributes somaethling towards thae world's progress.
Each generation builds upon the achlievements of the past.
One set of workers may pass away, but unceasingly the
work continues. In his efforts to upbuild his own fortune, every man, consciously or otherwise, more or
less to the material wealth of the community. Here is
no idle population. The expansion of Pittsburgh was
brought about lagely because, located within its boundaries, were so many active producers. Those who toiled
with their brains broght into actionl thae most effective
labor-savinlg mnachinery. Steam and electricity, suborcli105
IN the tritimphs of Pittsburgh there is honlor enough
f or all. To the mnultitudce, rathaer than to any
individual, is due the city's stupendoous indcustrial
eprogress. Looking back to the co
Pittsbulrgh's history, even thae castial observer mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqay see
that in wealth and prestige the city has grown beyond
the old-time dreams of the most optimistic. In a region
once accredited with. scant possibilities have been establisheed the world;s greated workshopa. In less than a
century a district, aforetime difficult of access, has
become the home of manufacttiring enterprises that contribute to the welfare of the entire earth. That part of
Pennsylvania, formerly declared to be unproductive, has
added immeasurably to the enrichment of mankindc.  It
and every one should receive the credit to which he is
entitled, but in all candor it must be said that these
achievements, so extensive and magnificent, were the
result of either intelligent or tinwitting co-operation.  To
no one n-lan nor to any grotip of maen nmay be ascribed
julstly the glory of Pittsburghl's advan1cemnent.
Undoubtedly some did more than others. In various
industries, in sundry divisions of businaess, in the different
professions, have risen men whlo stood, like Saul, heacl
andc shaouldlers above th1eir fellows.  Bult, as the worlcl
tisually jtlcdges, th1e mnost successful of all were those who
secured advantageously, at the psychological moment, the
assistance of the masses.
Leaclers thaere are and have been, mnen dlistinlguishled
by thleir- foresight ancl energy; maen whao battled bravelyv
against aclverse circtimstances; mnen who in thae darkest
hotir never lost heart; n-ien who when discomfited wvotuld
not aclmit defeat; men of great icleas; mnen of til-alterable
dletermnination; menl who persistecl; men who, in spite
Types of Men in Different Walks of Life Who H ave
Largely Helped to Raise Pittsburgh to Its Present Proud
Position-Ability and Courage to Meet Every Occasionnated to the will of man, accomplished with ease what
hitherto had been impossible. Under modern conditions,
even the most stolid of those who labor with their hands
must make some progress.  In all the great inclustries
are incentives to employees to step upward. Each height
attained inspires additional endeavor. From lowly positions have risen some of our most eminent men. Out of
the mines, mills and workshops came many of Pittsburgh's successful citizens. Forced to struggle for themselves, they made their way from poverty to affluence;
from  ordinary employment eventually they were promoted to positions of the greatest trust and responsibility.
To the intelligent and willing, the opportunity to advance
is all that is required to incite progress. He gets ahead
who takes fair advantage of every opportunity that is
offered.  In the past, in Pittsburgh, there has been no
dearth of opportunities.
Environment exerts no inconsiderable influence. Average ability, constantly stimulated by coming in contact
with incentives to strive and succeed, is made formidable.
Ambition, developed by prospects of success, is apt to be,
sooner or later, realized. Men roused into a determination to win, are alert, resourceful and progressive. Oft,
in contesting for a prize, are brought out powers previously unsuspected. At least, proportionate to the reward
is the desire to obtain it. If, in Pittsburgh, the race for
wealth has been swifter than elsewhere, the reason was
that the riches were there and obtainable. This is proved
by the success of thousands.  To the golden guerdon
was added the delight of victory. The lust for conquest
may not be a holy inspiration, but it governs appreciably
the actions of men.
A pessimist, who from a distance observed the exciting
scramble for fortunes, might exclaim that these men were
"money mad," but in most cases such a conclusion would
be very far from the truth. Few there be that ignore,
entirely, financial considerations, but, on the other hand,
many who have great possessions habitually use what
they have gained in a manner creditable to themselves
and beneficial to the community.
Not only in the places where the most money is made,
but in every avenue of usefulness in the Pittsburgh district, are progressive men encountered. In no part of the
United States is the American idea more convincingly
demonstrated.  Of the men who have obtained prominence, nearly all rose in the world unaided.  For the
most part they did not come from influential families,
nor did they graduate, many of them, from great universities. Theirs was the school of stern experience. Instead of receiving a college training they were inured
early to hard work. As self-made men, their records
show struggles and triumphs seldom equalled. In facing
and overcoming difficulties they brought out the best that
was in them. Against odds they accomplished what they
sought to do. Steadily they progressed. Time and conditions that then existed did the rest.
ORVILLE HENRY ALLERTON, JR. - Orville
Henry Allerton, Jr., whose business acumen has contributed not a little to the fame and standing of Pittsburgh
DUQUESNE CLUBand its representative mnen, is a direct descendant of
Isaac Allerton, one of the passengers in the historic
"Mayflower." This ancestor of his was acting governor
of the Plymouth colony under Governor Bradford. Hie
married Fear Brewster, also of Pilgrimii history.
Orville Henry Allerton, Jr., was born Oct. 3, 185I, in
Newark, N. Y. He received an academic and business
education in New York, attending at various periods
the Newark Academy, the Potghkeepsie Military Academy, and the Elmira Business College.
Young Allerton was first engaged in a clerical position. His predilection for btsiness made itself discernible, and he rose rapidly from shipper of live stock to
New York, until froln I885 to I899 he held his father's
former position as stperintendent of the East Liberty
Stock Yards. His business career is not confined to a
few connections-he is interested widely and notedly in
many large concerns of the city and country. He built
and is owner of the Thurston Preparatory School in
Shady Avenue, Pittsburgh, and for years has been interested in a number of the Westinghouse cotpanies,
both American and foreign.
He is president of the Pittsburgh Board of Trade,
president of the Schenley Matinee Club, and was the first
president of the Keystone Bicycle Club. He is married
and has two children, girls, whlo are both graduates of
Vassar College.
JOSEPH GRAY ARMSTRONG-One of the best
known young men occupying a responsible public position in Pittsburgh is Mr. Joseph Gray Armstrong,
coroner of Allegheny Cotnty.
Mr. Armistrong was born in Allegheny City, Pa.,
Feb. 2, I868, his parents being Williamn and Elizabeth
Armstrong, the former a well known bookkeeper.  He
was educated in the public schools and early became a
cash boy in Joseph Horne's store. He then entered the
D. H. Chambers Glass Company's factory and learned
the trade of window glass blowing, later becoming manager of the Van Cleve Glass Company at Wilcox, Pa.
In I898 Mr. Armstrong was elected to Pittsburgh
Common Council from the 29th ward and served three
terms. He was then elected to the Select Branch, and
after serving one year resigned to become coroner of
the county, which position he now fills acceptably. He
was married to Miss Carrie B. Smith, of Pittsburgh,
and their children are Edna, Birdie, Frances Elizabeth,
Joseph G., Jr., and William G. Armstrong. He belongs
to many leading social and beneficial organizations.
HON. ANDREW JACKSON BARCHFELDAndrew Jackson Barchfeld, doctor as well as congressman, is one of Pittsburgh's citizens whom she delights
to honor, and who is worthy of all honor and praise.
Though a young man (he was born in Pittsburgh May
I8, I863), his experience, attainments and successes have
given himn the prominence usually achieved only through
a long laborious career. In the affairs of the city, county,
state and nation he is always an interested participant.
He has been engaged in the practice of medicine for
twenty-three years-always with great success. He wvas
JOSEPH G. ARMSTRONG
O. H. ALLERTON, JR.the city. The group of buildings will be an annex to
those that have found site near Schenley Park. They
will lie to the northwest of the park and will face in a
general way the Carnegie group lying to the southeast.'They will include the buildings necessary to the composition of the group, college, law, medicine, dentistry,
laboratories and all other special buildings. The erection
of these structures will begin as soon as the preliminary
engineering, architectural and financial arrangements shall
have been completed. The present faculty of the university consists of I54 members, and the roster of pupils
shows nearly one thousand. Dr. Samuel B. McCormick
is the chancellor, and to him is most largely due the
circumstances of site and success. The necessity of practical education at a minimum cost to those who wished to
get such an education, but had neither the means nor the
facilities, is the personal and practical idea of Andrew
Carnegie. No other great American has this idea as
deeply planted as Mr. Carnegie. He had felt its birth
with all of its pangs. Throughout his youth and his
earlier manhood it was accentuated.  When he had
thought out the remedy he gave it to Pittsburgh, the
place of his struggles and pangs. It was a timely and
characteristic plan. It will, if it does nothing else, enable
Pittsburgh to keep its place as the foremost manufacturing city of the world.  It will teach its youth to
extend and ramify what their fathers began.  It will
make practical men in a practical way. He has built
some of the buildings. He will build many more. The
present buildings lie along the northern side of Schenley
Park, southeast of the Carnegie Library, Institute and
Museum.  The several schools under present contemplation plan to take care of 4,000 pupils. The applications far outnumber the places. These are and will be
department schools of applied science, for apprentices
and journeymen; a hall of machinery; school of applied
design; a technical school for women, and to these will
be added from time to time other specialties as the buildings go up. In all of these day and night courses go on.
In the matter of denominational education Pittsburgh
is very enterprising. Protestants and Roman Catholics
alike are awake to the importance of developing their
respective material, and the utmost intelligence is noticeable in respective efforts. The Presbyterian church has
one theological seminary, its principal middle states institution for ministerial education.  This school is one of
the most famous and distinguished of all of the Presbyterian seats of learning, because from this breeding place
FIFTH AVENUE AND WOOD STREET, FARMERS' BANK BUILDING IN CENTERa member of the staff of the South Side Hospital before
going to Congress. He is now president of the board of
directors of that institution, a member of the Allegheny
County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical
Society, the National Medical Association, and a director
in the Columbia Hospital of Washington, D. C.
As a member of Congress he has been noticeably
active and prominent. He was a delegate from that body
to the International Interparliamentary Union, which
met at Brussels, Belgium, in September, I905. While
on this mission he met the King of Belgium and the
Emperor of Germany in audience.
He is a member of the leading social and political
clubs of Pittsburgh, and of the Republican Club of New
York, and the Pennsylvania
Club of Washington, D. C.
He is a member of the "Odd
Fellows" and of the
"Knights of Pythias."
FRANCIS LOUIS
BLAIR-F r a n c i s Louis
Blair, mercantile appraiser
of Allegheny County, was
born in Bayardstown (now
the ninth ward of Pittsburgh) on Aug. I2, I839.
Frederick Blair, his father,
came to this country in I832
and landed in Baltimore,
Md.
Frank L. Blair had but
three years schooling in the
Fourth Ward Public School.
His mother was left a widow
when Frank was but eleven
years old, and he at once
left school to help her, in
his small way, support the
three small children of the
home. He did this for several years, and in I86o began an apprenticeship with R. W. White  Bro. to learn
the trade of machinist, and was so employed at the outbreak of the Civil War.
He prevailed upon his mother to allow himn to enlist.
He served througll the Peninsular campaign and in the
battles of Fredericksburgh, Antietam  and Gettysburg.
He also served with distinction in the battle of the
Wilderness and was taken prisoner, being held for eight
months in Andersonville.
After the war he engaged in various pursuits, for
twenty-three years remaining with the Armstrong Cork
Company as superintendent. He is now manager and
treasurer of the Art Engraving  Printing Co., holding
seventy-five per cent. of the stock.
He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of
Pittsburgh.  He is a member of Post 88, G. A. R., of
Allegheny, and of Encampment I, Union Veteran Legion
of Pittsburgh.
FRANKLIN P. BOOTH-Franklin P. Booth, Allegheny County's controller, was born June 15, I868, in
Pittsburgh. His ancestors came from England early in
the last century. His father, George Booth, is the director of public charities in the city of Pittsburgh.
His life has been spent in his native city. After attending the Franklin sub-district school he entered the
Pittsburgh Central High School. His elementary education completed, he began his business career as a bookkeeper.  This  position  he
held for five years, when he
became manager of a large
manufacturing  corporation.
In this capacity he was
highly successful, demonstrating his effectiveness in
authority and an insight into
affairs which have led to his
success both as a business
man and as a county officer.
He next engaged in the
wholesale butter business,
owning a large establishment and conducting its
affairs personally for ten
years, not only on a paying
basis, but with true business
ethics warranting the large
patronage it enjoyed.
He retired from business
upon his election as controller of Allegheny County,
and in this position he has
verified  his  constituents'
faith in his ability and honor
in the discharge of the duties
of that high office. He has
also held office as a director of the affairs of the Sterrett
school for two terms. He is connected with a number
of large business concerns, holding the position of director in the Pittsburgh  West Virginia Coal Co., and
in the Bauman Copper Company.
COL. HENRY P. BOPE-Pittsburgh is said to have
an unusually large number of young and middle-aged
men who have attained prominence and even wealth and
distinction in their various trades and professions or in
purely commercial and financial circles. This fact was
emphasized a few years ago by no less an authority than
Andrew Carnegie himself when he spoke in such a complimentary manner of the business ability of his "young
FRANKLIN P. BOOTHpartners," to whom he cheerfully accorded a large share
of his own marvelous success.  "Some men were born
great," it is said by an eminent autlhority, "some achieve
greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them."
It is claimed for Pittsburgh's successful young men that
in a majority of instances they achieved greatness or
carved out success for themselves instead of being born
with the proverbial silver spoon in their mouths.  It
would seem that they have the faculty of arising to the
opportunity when it presents itself.
The subject of this sketch, Henry P. Bope, better
known as Colonel Bope both at home and abroad, is one
of the conspicuously successful young or middle-aged
men of whomn Greater Pittsburgh is so justly proud. He
is not unduly proud of his
achievenment himself, but his
friends are justly so and are
not backward about pointing
with pride to'his splendidl
record.
Col. Bope was born at
Lancaster, Ohio, September
I9, I858, and has consequently not yet invited his
friends to unite in celebrating the semi-centennial of
that highly important personal event.  His parents
were Philip and Eliza A.
Bope, the former a prosperous merchant of the earlier
day. He is of that sturdy,
honest German ancestry
which  has contributed  so
largely to the upbuilding of
character among those content with the unpretentious
but comfortable sitnple life
in many of the States of the
American Commonwealth.
Col. Bope received the
preliminary edclucation such
as the Ohio public school system afforded, supplemented,
as he very significantly says, by "study kept up ever
since."  In this respect he but followed the example of
the Benjamin Franklins, the Horace Greeleys and the
Abraham Lincolns of the country who stamped their impress upon history more by their own self-help and selfculture than by college education. He read good books
and soon mastered the problem of how and what to read
in a course of self-instruction. He considers a few good
books as a valuable asset and among the best friends any
ambitious young man can have.
At the age of 17 years young Bope came to the front
in his first occupation in life as a stenographer, and reported the sessions of the Ohio legislature in I878-9. He
then became a general stenographer in various capacities
until the Fall of 1879, when he came to Pittsburgh as
a short-hand secretary for Carnegie Brothers  Co.
He remained with this concern and with Carnegie,
Phipps  Co. as correspondent in the sales clepartment
for some time, and in the same capacity with the Carnegie Steel Company until made assistant general sales
agent in I898, then general manager of sales and first
vice-president in I9oI on the formation of the United
States Steel Corporation.  He is now, in addition to
being first vice-president and director in the Carnegie
Steel Company, president of the Park Bank in the East
End, and president and director of the Mexican National Sugar Company, in which he takes active part.
Although a very busy
man, Col. Bope has for some
years taken a lively interest
in a movement for the betterment of conditions among
the youth of the city and
country known as the
United Boys' Brigades of
America.  He is almost as
well known as a promoter of
this imovement as in business
circles, having served as
Colonel of the Third Pennsylvania Regiment, and since
I 902 has been conmmanderin-chief of the organization.
It is, indeed, difficult to estimate the value of Col. Bope's
services to the youth in this
widespread movement whose
success has been largely due
to the wise management of
himself and his co-workers.
The movement, as is well
known, is closely allied with
th e church  organizations,
but has some features which
appeal even more strongly
to its membership than does either the church or the
Sunday School.
Colonel Bope and Katherine Spencer were married
at Columbus, O., April 15, I88o. Their children are
Harold S. and Laura E. Bope. Among the social, political and business organizations of which Col. Bope is
a prominent member are the Duquesne, Union, Country
and A1nericus clubs of Pittsburgh, and the Lawyers',
the Transportation and Republican clubs of New York
City.
JOHN BRADLEY-With that strength of character
and robustness of nature contributed by Scotch-Irish
ancestry, John Bradley has risen from the humble walks
H. P. BOPEof life to one of eminent prominence and distinction.
Born in Lanonkshire, Scotland, on July I2, I84I, he early
came to this country, seeking the mining districts of
Pennsylvania in which to begin his eventful career.
His first occupation began in the great mines of the
Keystone State, where he delved in the coal, gradually
working his way up to driver and coal-boat manager.
From these humble beginnings, and through his ability
to make and retain friends, he obtained a clerkship in
the Prothonotary's office. During his clerkship he became interested in politics and was elected to the Select
Council from the 26th Ward. Was Fire Commissioner,
served three terms as Prothonotary, and filled the
responsible place of oil inspector.  During the Civil
War he entered Company C of the I23d Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served with distinction in the
cause of his adopted country, being wounded at Fredericksburg  December  13,
I862. Six years later, December 5, I868, he married
Anna Brown Mollie, of
West Elizabeth. The fruits
of the marriage were Charles
D.  Bradley,  William   S.
Bradley and Jennie D. Bradley.  He is identified with
Masonic societies and Odd
Fellows, and is a member of
the G. A. R. Club, the Lotus
Club and the Tariff Club,
besides being an active spirit
in the Liedertafel and Wittelsbacher  societies.   His
father, Thomas, was from
Ireland, and his m1 o t h e r,
Mary, from Scotland.
BENJ. F. BRUNDRED
-Benjamin  F.  Brundred
was born in Oldham, now  Halden, N. J., June 28,
I849.  His father was a large manufacturer,   operating the Brundred Iron Mills at Oldham. His mother
was Rachel (Magee) Brundred, of Scotch-Irish descent, born on the Isle of Wight, England.  Her
father was educated at the University of Edinburgh,
Scotland, coming to Paterson in 1826 and becoming an
eminent physician.
Benjamin F. Brundred, of Oil City, was educated
in Brooklyn, N. Y., at the Academy of Southold, N. Y.,
and graduated from  Highland Military Academy at
Worcester, Mass., and Bryant and Stratton's Commercial
College, New York City. In I866 he came to Oil City,
Pa., and entered the service of the Empire Transportation Company and the Green Line, becoming chief clerk
in I869. He resigned in I877 to devote his entire time
to the business of producing oil in Clarion and McKean
Counties.
In I879 Mr. Brundred, in company with Gen. John A.
Wiley, Marcus Hulings, and Wesley Chambers, of Oil
City, Pa., built the Union Refinery and successfully managed it until I882, when it was purchased by the Standard Oil Company. Mr. Brundred was retained as manager, but in I884 the works were abandoned and he
became treasurer of the Eclipse Lubricating Oil Works
at Franklin, Pa., then president and general managel
of the Imperial Refining Company's works at Oil City
until I894. Since then he has become one of the largest
individual producers in the country. He is prominently
connected with the Oil City Street Railway, Oil City
Electric Company, president of the Model Oil Company,
Venango Club, Oil City Hospital, and other organizations, in all of which his personality impresses itself.
LOUTELLUS ATRIGUE BURNETT-Success in any line of business
depends upon the character
of the man. When he has
the ability to know valuations in the present and in
the future; when he sees opportunity and grasps it; if
he can make his employees
feel his interest in them,
thereby gaining their cooperation; then the success
of any venture of his is assured. Thus it has been with
Mr. Burnett. Upon graduating from Grove City College
in I89I, he was appointed
deputy sheriff of Mercer
County. He was then only
nineteen years old, but filled
his office in an exemplary manner. At the expiration of
his tertm he purchased the oldest insurance and real estate
business in Mercer County, located at Greenville.
Mr. Burnett has been especially successful in real
estate investment, having plotted and sold all the building lots in the Burnett addition to the Borough of
Greenville, on which now stand some of the finest homes
in Greenville, and which investment and the inmprovement of same was very profitable, and well proved Mr.
Burnett's foresightedness.
In I90o3 he organized the First National Bank of
West Middlesex, and in I90o6 the Springdale National
Bank of Springdale, Pa. The First National Bank of
Aspinwall was organized by him in I907, he becoming
its president. He is also the president of the Springdale National Bank.
BENJAMIN F. BRUNDREDUpon graduating from  college he early developed
those strong traits of character and determination so conspicuous in after-life, and rose step by step to the prominent place he occupies to-day, not only in his chosen
works, but in the estimation of his friends and associates.
IRVIN KING CAMPBELL-Irvin King Campbell
was born at Fallston, Pa., November 25, I843.  His
father was a native of Scotland, but his mother was
born in Allegheny County, Pa., in which the members
of the Campbell family have been well known residents
for practically all their lives.  His first occupation in
life was as a blacksmith and in the general work of the
forging business. He has
been engaged in the iron
and steel business in one
form  or another for virtually a lifetime, or since
the close of the great Civil
War, in which -he served
with great credit on the
Union side of course. He
first enlisted in April, I86I,
a few days after Fort Sumter was fired  upon, for
three months and re-enlisted for three years September 26, I86I, in Co. H,
N i n t h Pennsylvania Reserves, and was discharged
in I865.
Mr. Campbell has served
in council as school director
and in other minor offices.
More recently he was
chosen a member of the
board of commissioners of
Allegheny County, in which
important place he is now
serving his constituents ably
and faithfully. He takes
much interest in the erection
of the soldiers' 1illion-dollar memorial as approved by
a vote of the people. As an old soldier himself he can
be relied on to look after the interests of the veterans.
He is a member of Encampment No. I, U. V. L., of Post
259, G. A. R., and of numerous other beneficial, social
and political organizations.
ANDREW  CARNEGIE-It is almost an absurdity
to attempt to summarize the record of such a man as
Andrew Carnegie in the brief space to which it must
here be confined.  Politics play an unimportant part in
it; adventure, in the customary sense of the term, there
is none; but certainly no story is more romantic than
the rise of the young "bobbin boy" to the possession of
a controlling interest in the greatest corporation of its
kind in the world, from a humble cot in Pittsburgh to a
palace in New York and a castle in the beautiful Higl1lands of Scotland. Mr. Carnegie's work in the development of the steel and other industries of this country,
his noble benefactions and aids to an increase of the
love of good books, art, and music, and his writings upon
topics tending to stinulate the love of liberty-any and
all of these give him title to a leading position in the
present annals of the twentieth century.
He was born on November 25, I837, at Dunfermline
in the picturesque Scottish border country of Fife, lying
between historic and beautiful old Edinburgh and those
highlands whose charm was
not destroyed even by the
bloody field of Culloden.
He was not, however, long
to enjoy what must have
been his childish pleasures
in suclh a locality, for he
early accompanied his parents to this country, they
following relatives who had
s e t t 1 e d  i n  Pittsburgh.
Neither the United States
nor Mr. Carnegie can now
regret that this move was
made; nor can Scotland, for
out of the blessings that he
has received from  the republic he has given generously to the land of his
birth.
Mr. Carnegie's father,
William  Carnegie, was a
master weaver, owning four
damask looms and employing s e v e r a 1 apprentices.
Hence he was looked upon as fairly well-to-do. But
with the coming of steam
factories for the manufacture of linen there came an end to this prosperity.
The lesson of that misfortune, Mr. Carnegie has
since said, made the boy resolve that he would some
day drive poverty from the family door. The father
did not at once yield. He for some time kept up the
struggle with his out-of-date damask looms, and finally
in I848, when Andrew was eleven, the looms were sold
and the parents and their two sons came to America.
During those early years in Scotland he had become
an ardent republican, looking upon the landed nobility
and the Tory government as the enemies of the people.
At seven he hated hereditary privileges, and was proud
of the fact that there was a rebellious republican flag,
concealed in the attic. There was reason for such hatred
L. A. BURNETTin those days-far more than now. But while Mr. Carnegie's views of royalty may have grown more kindly
in recent years, he is practically the same in his beliefs
that he was as a boy of ten or eleven.
His early education had been largely derived fromn
his mother, a typical Scotch woman of the old days, of
vigorous mind and strong character. From  an uncle he
imbibed mnany of his opinions on politics and history.
Arrived in Allegheny City he found employment as a
bobbin boy in the factory where his father had first
found work.  Here he received one dollar and twenty
cents a week. Slavery could not inflict greater drudgery.
He commenced his day's labor while it was still dark, and
he kept at it until after
darkness camie at night.
But he was proud to be
of service, never complained, and was always
hopeful, nay, confident
that the future w o u 1 d
bring great changes to
him  and  to  those  he
loved. He looked upon
it as a point of honor
to be cheerful, for even
the mother added to the
fatmily funds by binding
shoes.
Later a Scotch friend
gave the boy a position
in his factory, a position
that at first s e e in e d
harder than the formner
one. His duties were to
fire a boiler in the cellar.
The danger of making
a mistake and causing a
frightful explosion was
a great strain on the boy,
but this was ended when
he was taken shortly afterwards into the office
to keep the accounts.
Subsequently he entered a telegraph office as a messenger boy, studying the geography of the streets after
the labors of the day, thus fitting himself for his duties.
Then he commenced the study of telegraphy, and practiced constantly in the intervals of his duties. He quickly
mastered the system, obtained a position as an operator,
and became one of the two or three in the United States
who could take messages by ear. Attracted by the evident talents of the young telegrapher, Thomas A. Scott,
afterwards favorably known to both hemispheres as the
eminently successful president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, appointed him his private secretary, and
for thirteen years he remained with that company. When
Mr. Scott became the road's vice-president, Mr. Carnegie
was made superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division.
His first experience in learning that money can make
money was gained through the friendship of Mr. Scott,
who one day asked him if he could raise five hundred
dollars.  Young Carnegie said that he thought so, although as a matter of fact he had not the remotest idea
how it was to be done. Mr. Scott told him to buy ten
shares of Adams Express Company stock. The parents
decided that this offered start in life must be accepted,
and the money was obtained by mortgaging their home.
The stock paid dividends of one per cent. per month,
and Mr. Carnegie had made a very satisfactory commencement as a capitalist, advancement began.
His first considerable
sum  was realized from
the manufacture of the
e a r 1 i e s t sleeping cars.
Mr. Woodruff, the inventor, came to him with
his model while the two
were by chance together
on a train. Mr. Carnegie
at once saw the possibilities of the invention and
brought it to the attention of Mr. Scott, who
contracted for two trial
cars on the Pennsylvania
Road. Mr. Carnegie at
this time was residing in
Altoona, and in order to
join Mr. Woodruff in
the enterprise was forced
to borrow the n o n e y
from  the local banker,
giving him his first note
for $2I7.50. He still recalls with pride that the
financier put his arm
over his shoulder and
said, "Oh, yes, Andy,
you are all right." A slight incident in itself, yet prophetic.
About this time, too, the Pennsylvania Company
was experimenting with an iron bridge, and Mr. Carnegie, realizing that wooden bridges must soon go, organized a company in Pittsburgh to build those of the
new material. This was also done with the money which
his sterling character made it possible to obtain from
the bank. The Keystone Bridge Works proved a great
success and built the first great structure over the Ohio
River.
Despite this constant advancement it was Mr. Carnegie's intention during most of his young manhood to
prepare himself in his leisure hours for journalistic work.
ANDREW CARNEGIET H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    II3
years of his business life, that has benefited most of his
generosity through the founding of the magnificent Carnegie Institute, and the great Carnegie technical schools
These noble monuments to the benevolence of one man
have already cost Mr. Carnegie nearly.$S25,ooo,oo, and
he is said to be prepared to spend as 12 much, more on them.
The main building of the institute is a magnificent edifice
of glistening marble rising from the green sward of
Schenley Park. It is the home of an institute unsurpassed on the face of the earth, both for grandeur of
conception and comnpleteness of realization.  It comprises fine great departments a splendid library, a wondlerfull museum
gallery, ancl an imnposing hall of lllUSiC.
Scarcely less imupressive is the Carnegie School of
Technology, emnbra'cing a School of Appliecl Scienice, a
School of Appliecl Design, a School for journeymnen ancl
Apprentices, ancl the Margaret Carn1egie Technical School
for Womnen.
Nor has
jacent to Pittsburgh, whose fortunes have for so long
been linked as it were with his own. To Allegheny he
has presented a splendid library and art gallery costing
$300,000, while he has also presented libraries to Homestead, Braddock and Duquesne, each involving an outlay of $5oo,ooo.
Second in importance only to the founding of the
great Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgtablishmnent through endlowmnent bgy Mr. Carnegie of the Carnegie Institution of Washington for the advancement of
scientific research. This institution, for the founding of
which Mr. Carnegie gave $10,000,OOO, is undler government control and is managed on the plan of a National
University. Already under its auspices some exceedingly valuitions to the worlcl's suili of scientific
knowleclge havTe bgeen macle.
In October, I899, Mr. Carnegie made a tour of Scotland, during which he attended the opening of the
Lauder Technical School at Dunfermline, his birthplace.
The school was founded through his generosity and
named after his uncle, to whom he credited much of his
early love for liberty. On this trip he opened the Adam
Smith and Beveridge Memorial Halls at Kirkaldy, and
was given the freedom of that burgh; spoke at the laving of the foundation stone of the library at Dumfries,
were he was also made a Burgess and Freeman; and
visited Portmahomack, where Mrs. Carnegie performed
the ceremony of dedicating the Carnegie Free Library
ancl Reacling Room.
The broacl humanitarian symnpathies of Mr. Carnegie
are it-n-pressively illustratecl by 1-iis active participation in
the reat movement for international peace. When the
Czar, Nicholas II. of Russia, summoned the nations to
the first peace congress at The Hague, no one was mnore
intensely interested in that auspicious event than Andrew
Carneg ie. This interest took a substantial form when
He wrote his first article at thirteen, and it was published in the New York Tribune. He haunted the
libraries, read omnivorously, and even then saw possibilities for -the betterment of library systems and the
general dissemination of a knowledge of books. But his
ideal in the direction of a writer's life was never to be
obtained. The libraries of most of the English-speaking
s of pictures and music
were to be made richer and happier by a change which he
at this time made.
He was now in a position to invest his own savings
without recourse to the bank.  In the early sixties he
was one of the fortunate men to strike oil in Pennsylvania. The value of those fields was but little known at
the time, but in comnpany wvith others he boulght for $40,ooo the Storey Farmn, whose value later rose to $s,ooo,ooo ancl paicl $1,ooo,ooo in cash cliviclencls in a single
year.
The briclge comnpany was, however, thae real beginning of the'great business career with whaich his nam-e
has been so intimately associated. Mr. Carnegie saw that
steel was the coming metal. His reputation was sufficient to command any amount of capital and he prepared to acquire everything necessary for the manufacture of steel. Before long he owned all the best coal and
iron mines in the Pittsburgh district, all the iron mines
bordering on Lake Superior, a fleet of steamers and a
private railway to bring the ore to his shops, the Edgar
Thomson Steel Works, the Homestead Iron Works, and
the Union Iron Works, the mills in Dtuquesne, Beaver
Falls ancl Pittsbuirgh.
He added factory to factory, merging many firms
into the all-powerful Carnegie Steel Company. In this
corporation, with a capital stock of $320,ooo,ooo, he had
a controlling interest. He was once paid $I,OOO,OOO for
an option on his holdings in the company, probDably the
most giganltic sulm ever- paicl for an option. WYhat valtie
he placed Upon these holdings at the time, and at what
figure he recently disposed of them, is not within the
province of, or essential to, this sketch.
No man has ever done more for his business associates and employees. Many have become millionaires
side by side with himself. He has always expressed
pride that the partners sharing in his success were his
boyhood companions in the early, struggling days of
Pittsburgh. "The first charge upon every dollar of my
capital is the payment," he said in 1893, "of the highest
earnings paid for labor in any part of the world for similar labor. Upon that record I stand."
For many years Mr. Carnegie has been almost prodigal in his gifts for educational and other laudable purposes. In particular has he made a name for himiself as
the founder estimate puts
the total gifts for this latter benefaction alone at $40,ooo,ooo, and nearly I,400 cities and towns have been
beneficiaries. But it is Pittsburgh, the scene of so many114  T H E   S T O R Y   0 F   P I T T.S 13 U R G H
Mr. Carnegie announced the gift of a Palace of Peace
to be erected at The Hague as a permanent temple of
international justice. The corner-stone of this noble
structure was laid July 30, I907, by M. Nelidoff, president of the Second Peace Conference.
The lovers of music in New York City owe the beautiful Carnegie Music Hall to his generosity. He is president and a director of the Oratorio Society of this city,
and in every direction has been a liberal patron of music.
He has given about seventeen hundred organs to churches
in various parts of this cotintry ancl in the-Unitecl Kingdom-his principle being to give half, the congregation
raising the other half.
His pen has contributed several volumes of genuine
value to American literature. Two of these, "Round
the World" and "An Ameri can FoBritain,"
attracted much favorable comment, but far the most notable and lasting of his works was "Trimphant Democracy," one of the strongest and most unique tributes to
the blessings of liberty and the republican form of government that has ever come from the press of any COUNtry. His oft-quoted dedication in this volume better than
anything else explains the character of the man and the
passionate sincerity of his anti-mnonarchial beliefs.
"To the belovecl Republic, iuncler whose equal laws if
am made the peer of any mnan, although cleniecl political
equality by nay native lancl, I declicate this book with an,
intensity of gratittcle and admniration which1 the nativeborn citizen can neither feel nor tinderstancl."
His speeches and essays have been collected ancl pub:lished in two voltimes tincler the titles of "The Gospel of
Wealth" and "The Empire of Business."
If the word "trust" still sounds unpleasantly in the
ears of some, let them read the following words fromn
Mr. Carnegie's article UpOll the aguregation of capital,
originally ptiblished in the "Century": "It mnakes for
higher civilization, for the enrichment of htiman life, not
for one, but for all classes of men. It tencls to bring to
the laborer's cottage the Itixuries hitherto enijoyecl only
by the rich, to rei-nove froml the mnost squalicl homnes
much of their squalor and to foster the growth of human
happiness relatively more in the workingman's home.
than in the millionaire's palace. It does not tend to make
the rich poorer, but it does tend to make the poor richer
in the possession of better things, and greatly lessens the
wide and deplorable gulf between the rich and the poor.
Superficial politicians may, for a time, deceive the uninformed, but more and more will all this be clearlv seen
by those who are now led to regard aggregations as
inj
"Theif Gos)-pel of Wealth" origfilnally was, publishecl ill
the "North Amnerican Review" in i 889, reprinted, at the
special request of Mr. Gladstone, in the "Pall Mall Gazette," of London, and again republished as a tract. His
minor writings have been many. They include: "The
Reunion of Britain and America," which f ormed the
closing chapter of a new edition of "Triumphant Democracy," and originally was published in the "North
American Review" o f June, I 893; "America and the
Land Question," an address delivered before the Glasgow
Junior Liberal Association, September 24, I888; lectures
on "Wealth and Its Uses," delivered at Union College,
and on "Business," delivered at Cornell University, both
of which have since been issued as pamphlets; "The
A B C of Money," reprinted with additions, "American Hatred of England," "The Venezuelan Question,"
"The Advantages of Poverty," from the "North American Review"; "Facts About the American Republic,"
"What Would I Do With the Tariff," and many articles
contributed to the New York "Tribune," "The Nineteenth Century," the "Forum" the "Youth's Companion," and other publications; as well as many addresses delivered in Scotland and this country before
boards of, trades, at college commencements and at the
dedication of his many libraries.
Mr. Carnegie has never sought nor accepted a political
office. His only connection with the government was
during the Civil War. When Mr. Scott became Assistant Secretary of War he asked Mr. Carnegie to take
charge of the government military railroads and telegraphs. He accepted the duties of this position and continued in it until his health was shattered. He operated
the lines during the battle of Bull Run and was the last
to leave after the defeat.
In October, I889, Mr. Carnegie was married to Miss
Louise Whitfield, daughter of the late John W. Whitfield,
a prominent merchant of New York City. The ceremony
took place at 35 West Forty-eighth Street. After a tour
of Euirope they took possession of the resiclence at 5
West Fifty-first Street, Mr. Carneoie's weddcing present
to his wife. Subseqtiently he built a new ancl more magnificent house at Ninetieth Street and Fifth Avenue. It
faces Central Park and is surrounded by commodious
grounds. It is the property of Mrs. Carnegie.
Mr. Carne gie passes about half of each year at Skibo
Castle, charmingly situated on a high elevation on the
northern shore of Dornoch Firth. He purchased it after
having rented Cluny for some time as his country residence. The Skibo estate includes thousands of acres of
heath and wood, well stocked with grouse and deer, and
possessing excellent trout and salmon fishing. The castle
was, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, one of
the residences of the Bishopric of Dornoch Cathedral.
Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie took formal possession of the
estate on May 3I, 1898. In their honor the village of
Bonar was beatifully decorated with flags and bunting,
and a grand triumphant arch of evergreens and flowers
was erected on the bridge connecting the counties of
Sutherland and Ross.  The tenants and all others on
the estate gave the new Laird of Skibo a cordial Highland greeting and presented him with an address of
welcome.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I I5
dence, all being equally necessary. He who would sow
discord among the three is an enemy of all.'
"I know that I have done my duty in retiring from
business when an opportunity presented itself, and yet,
as I write, my heart is full. I have enjoyed so much
my connection with workmen, foremen, clerks, superintendents, partners, and all other classes that it is a
great wrench indeed to say farewell. Happily there is
no real farewell in one sense, because, although no
longer an employer, I am still and always must be a
friend, deeply interested in the happiness of all whom
it has been my good f ortune to know and work in
sympathy with f or so many years."
A retirement from business life under such circumstances is without a parallel in the history of the world.
But many years ago when wealth first commenced to
come to him-or rather when he first succeeded in gaining wealth, for his money is the result of his own energy
and genius-Mr. Carnegie determined that his entire life
should not be devoted to the pursuit of riches. He felt
that, with wealth obtained at sixty, the remaining years
of a man who respected himself, sympathized with his
fellows, and believed in a future existence, should be
devoted to unselfish deeds. With such enormous business interests anything like freedom of mind, of personal,
perfect content, was not possible even when an ocean separated him from these cares. He had long ago indicated
that he intended some day to cut away from all active
business ties, and therefore his sale of steel stock, although the vast character of the transactions naturally
caused world-wide attention, created no astonishment.
All Americans, who had learned to respect Mr. Carnegie
for his great ability, his noble generosity, and his sound
and practical appreciation of the beautiful things of life,
will congratulate him heartily on being, with all his
wealth, for the first time his OWN master; and they will
be unfeignedly happy that he has done this while his
mind has all its old-time brilliancy, his heart all its kindly
"bigness," and his physique all the healthfulness to enjoy
the luxurious ease that he has so fairly earned.
JAMES GRAHAM CHALFANT-James Graham
Chalfant is one of the representative men of Allegheny
County.  He was born in Wilkins Township August 6,
I869. In his early boyhood he attended the public
schools of the county, afterwards becoming a student
at Wooster University, 0hio. At the end of his sophomore year he secured employment as chainman with an
engineering corps o f the Pittsburgh  Western Railroad Co. He was with this company f or two years,
until August, I893  having been in the  meantime promoted to transitman.
Later he was employed by Thomas Rodd, consulting
engineer for the Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing
Co., as transitman and inspector on the erection of that
company's shops at East Pittsburgh. For the next three
On the day when he again sailed for Scotland (March
13, I901), after his final retirement from active business
life, there were made public two more of Mr. Carnegie's
gifts. These took the form of $5,200,000 for branch
public libraries in New York City; and second, a donation of $5,000,000, $I,OOO,OOO for the libraries at Braddock, Homestead and Duquesne, and $4,000,000 for the
endowment of a fund for superannuated and disabled employees of the Carnegie Company. The latter fund was
not intended to interfere with the continuance of the
savings fund established years ago, in which nearly two
million dollars of the employees' savings are on deposit,
on which the company pays six per cent., and out of
which it loans money to the workingmen to build their
own homes.
In his farewell to Pittsburgh on the above occasion
Mr. Carnegie wrote, in part, as follows:
NEW YORK., March  I2, I90I.
TO THE GOOD PEOPLE OF PITTSBURGH:
An opportunity to retire from business came to
me unsought, which I considered it my duty to accept. My resolve was made in youth to retire before
old age. From what I have seen around me I cannot
doubt the wisdom of this course, although the changee
is great, even serious, and seldom brings the happiness
expected.
The pain of change and separation from business
associations and employees is indeed keen; associates
who are at once the best of friends; employees who are
not only the best of workmen, but the most self-respecting body of men which the world has to show.
Of this I am well assured and very proud.
Pittsburgh entered the core of my heart when I
was a boy, and cannot be torn out. I can never be
one hair's breadth less loyal to her, or less anxious
to help her in any way than I have been since I could
help anything.
My treasure is still with you; my heart is still
with you, and how best to serve Pittsburgh is the
question which recurs to me almost every day of my
life.
In his letter of the same date, arranging with the
president and managers of the Carnegie Company for the
disposition of the $5,ooo,ooo fund, he wrote:
"I make this first use of surplus wealth upon retiring from business as an acknowledgment of the deep
debt which I owe to the workmen who have contributed so greatly to my success. I hope the cordial relations which exist between employers and employed
throughout all the Carnegie Company works may
never be disturbed, both employers and employed remembering what I said in my last speech to the men at
Homestead:'Labor, capital and business ability are
the three legs of a three-legged stool; neither is first,
neither is second, neither is third; there is no preceyears, 1894-1897, he was again in the employ of the
Pittsburgh  Western R. R. Co., after which he was
successively engaged as assistant engineer in the office
of the County Road Engineer of Allegheny County,
transitman with the Pennsylvania Lines West, and as
assistant engineer in the Bureau of Surveys for thle city
of Pittsburgh.  In I907 he was appointed engineer of
Allegheny County.
By his untiring effort and practical knowledge gained
both by study and experience, he is well fitted for the
office he holds.
At the otutbreak of the Spanish-American war he
enlisted in Co. L, I7th Regiment, NT. G. P., and was
honorably discharged at the close of the war in I9oo.
He was married October 8, I902, at Wilkinsburg, to
Alva Guffey, who died in October, I904.
JAMES  A. CLARK-James A. Clark, minority
representative on the board of commissioners of Allegheny County, Pa., was born at Barnesville, Belmont
County, O., in I86o.  In I86I his parents moved to
Altoona, Pa., and four years later came to Pittsburgh,
where their son was reared and received a co11mmon
school education.  He then learned the trade of hanmmerman in a local steel mnill and followed this occupation
for about six years, after which he was employed for
the same period as utility man at the East Liberty stock
yards, Pittsburgh.
In I888 Mr. Clark was appointed as a railway postal
clerk, and a year later as assistant gas inspector of Pittsburgh. After this he held the position of secretary and
treasurer of the Keystone Paint  Color Co., and then
was employed by the Iron City Brewing Company for
about a year and a half in the capacity of general superintendent. In I896 he was elected county commissioner
for a three-year term, was re-elected in I899, in I902
and again in I905, and will probably be elected for a
fourth tert in I9o8. This is a remarkable record, probably unprecedented in the history of the county in an
office where a nomination is equivalent to election, and,
consequently, much sought after.  It also shows Mr.
Clark's great popularity and remarkable skill as a party
leader. He is a member of the B. P. O. E. No. i I of
Pittsburglh, was a delegate to the Democratic National
Convention at Kansas City, Mo., July 5, I9oo00.
HON. WILLIAM HENRY COLEMAN-Williain
Henry Coleman is a man who has succeeded in spite
of circumstances-whose struggle for the necessities of
existence did not prevent his striving for and securing
the higher things of life. At the age of fifteen he was
compelled by the death of his father to provide for' a
family of six children andi his widowed mother.  This
he did by working in the mines as his father had done
until he was eighteen.  He was then employed in facJ. G. CHALFANT
HON. W. H. COLEMANtories at Duquesne and Homestead until September,
I894, leaving this employment to attend the law school'
of Columbia University, which by Herculean effort he
had prepared for in his spare time and at night.  He
graduated in I896. He was then successively employed
as assistant chief in the inspection department of the
Homestead Steel Works, and in the United States Navy
Department as inspector of engineering material.  He
resigned the latter position in I9o05 to becone cashier in
the City Bank of McKeesport.
In  90o6, after a campaign notable for its cleanness
in which he bore hilmself with a dignity in keeping with
the ho no r ab 1 e office to
which he aspired, he was
elected mayor of McKeesport. At the age of thirtyfour he has been honored
as few men have been, and
in spite of difficulties wliich
to many a man would have
b e e n  insurmountable  has
achieved  a success usually
gained  by  men  older in
years or less hampered by
circumstances.
Besides his political interests he is well known as
a business man, and is a
mne m b e r of a number of
fraternal and social organizations.
JOHN DALZEL LJohn Dalzell has represented the 22nd district of
Pennsylvania in Congress
for twenty years, serving
continuously  i n th i s capacity in the 5oth to the
60oth Congress inclusive, and
by his experience and integrity has b e e n of incalculable  value t o  t h i s
comnmunity.  Putting aside the opportunity for greater
financial emolument offered him in his profession or in
a business career, he is one of the few men who have
devoted their lives to the service of their country in the
legislative capacity, and who are deserving of as higlh
honor as those wTho in war give their lives to her service.
He was born in New York City April 19, I845, of
Scotch-Irish ancestry.  His parents came from County
Dowvn, Ireland, in I846 or 1847. His education was not
1neager, but of the very highest and most comprehensive order, he having attended the Western University
of Pennsylvania and Yale College, gradcluating from the
latter in I865. He studied law- and was admitted to the
bar in I867, and practiced with his preceptor, John H.
Hampton, until I887, when he was first elected to Congress. In Congress he has always been a significant and
influential factor, being a ranking 1ember of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Conmmittee on Rules.
He is regent of the Slnithsonian Institute in Washington.
He is a nember of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh
and Washington and of several scientific organizations
of the country.
JOHN N. DERSAM-John N. Dersam is a publicspirited citizen of McKeesport, a leader in municipal
affairs and a business man
of ability. He was born
Nov. I 7, I866, in Coal Valley, Allegheny County, Pa.
W i liam  D e r s a m, his
father, came from Germany
and is now retired from active business.  His mother,
Elizabeth D e r s a m, is deceased.
He attended the public
schools until he was eleven
years old, when he went to
work  on  a  ferryboat at
McKeesport, to which city
the family had r e m1 o v e d.
L at e r he worked in the
Tube Mills and in the National Rolling Mills of that
city, and with the ambition
to become a business man,
took a commercial course
in Iron City College, Pittsburgh, Pa. When quite
young he engaged  in the
men's furnishing  business,
continuing it from I887 to
I907, or until he was elected postmaster of McKeesport.
He, has served his city
in many capacities, in each of which his faithfulness was
apparent. In I89I he was elected to Common Council,
continuing a memnber of this body until in I897 he was
elected to Select Council.  He held this position until
appointed postmaster, March 24, I907.
On Jan. 5, I887, he was 1married to Miss Katie Nagel
in Pittsburgh, Pa. They have three children, William
Byron Dersamn, John H. Dersam and Marion E. Dersam.
Mr. Dersam is a member of the B. P. O. E., the Knights
of Pythias, and the Jr. O. U. A. M.
His success in life strongly illustrates the peculiar
force which seems to be an inherent quality of the man
born in this famed county-Allegheny-from whicll so
W. H. DAVISof the sect have come the ablest and most famous preachers and professors. -The Pennsylvania College for
Women is another celebrated Presbyterian school in the
Squirrel Hill portion of Pittsburgh. The United Presbyterian Church has also a theological seminary here that
has done much to maintain and strengthen the church
as well as to educate many ministerial and missionary
students.  The Reformed Presbyterian or Covenanter
Church has a very excellent theological seminary on the
North Side from which annually come many ministers,
who find pulpits in all parts of the earth. The Roman
Catholics maintain a college, that of the Holy Ghost;
several female semninaries and convents, besides a great
number of parochial schools as well as many private
schools. All of these are carried on with all of the enterprise and vigor characteristic of this denomination.
Other denominations in a smaller but no less effective
manner do.the work of their cults. Money without stint
is raised and disbursed by all of them to do educational
and theological teaching.  Summarized, the educational
exhibit of Pittsburgh is interesting. In the public school
system  are I I9 buildings with i,690 instructors and
73,734 pupils. There are four high schools with I oo
instructors and 2,950 pupils. There are two denominational colleges with 33 instructors and 4I9 pupils. The
three theological seminaries have 20 professors and 157
students.  In addition to these there are 13 private
schools, and 3,982 pupils, and 275 instructors. In the
item of churches Pittsburgh has always been conspicuous
in the number of its structures and the liberality of their
support.  In round numbers it has 400 churches and
synagogues. In I906 it is estimated that these churches
contributed to various beneficiaries $3,500,000. Every
denomination in this enumeration has its separate and
distinct schemes of education, missionary, foreign and
domestic church work of all kinds, women's guilds and
societies, together with self-imposed labors that the
routine of daily development suggests. For the relief of
the poor and distressed there are 26 organizations in the
city. The Carnegie Hero Fund endowment is $5,000,ooo. The Carnegie Relief endowment is $4,000,000.
There are 22 hospitals with 3,000 beds. The value of the
real estate of the charitable institutions, including endowments, is $22,000,000; of church property, $I7,000,000.
Financially Pittsburgh is one of the strongest of
American cities. Its annual volume of business, that is,
banking exchanges, is exceeded by those of five other
cities only, New  York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia
and St. Louis, the last named not always leading Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has I79 banks and trust companies.
These have an aggregate capital of $72,058,402; a surplus of $87,044,622; undivided profits, $I6, 13,777;
loans, $304,974,440; invested securities, $I49,7I4,928;
deposits, $995,379,783; total resources, $593,392,069;
dividends, $7,352,575, and Clearing House exchanges,
$2,64-0,84.7,046.
This is in brief what Pittsburgh as it stands means
in a measure. Summarized as this statement is it cannot
give in detail what the greater city really stands for.
There is very much more, only inferior in importance
to the facts narrated. All of it is part and parcel of the
elements of strength of Pittsburgh. The conveniences,
proximity to source of supply and shipping facilities are
attracting capital daily from  all parts of the country.
The educational advantages, excellent now, incomparable
within a few years, are inducing others to become citizens
and business men. The country round about is all that
may be desired for either residential or manufacturing
purposes, and as prices are not prohibitive the attraction
is strong to the intelligent manufacturer. Judging of the
future by the past the present of Pittsburgh is merely the
frontier of its future.many famous characters have sprung, and fromll a humble sphere risen to almost supreme powers and greatness.
He is a typical Pennsylvanian, possessing in full the progressive spirit which dominates the Pittsburgh district,
and enjoys the confidence of a wide circle of friends. In
both the social and political world he has won and held
the respect and esteem of all.
WILLIAM   DODDS- William  Dodds has been
identified with the coal business since early childhood,
and there is practically nothing about mines and mining
of wvhich he does not have intimate working knowledge.
Born July 27, I864, at Haswell, Durham  County,
England, in the center of a coal region, his father a coal
mliner, entering the mine himself at the age of twelve,
and subsequently settling in the United States in the
Banksville coal district of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, his environment has made possible an extensive
and comprehensive intimacy with mining conditions attained by few, and which peculiarly fitted him  for the
offices he holds in the United Mine Workers of America.
He received his edutication in the common schools of
his native town, became a teacher in those schools, then
worked successively as a tailor and a farmer, until in
I88I he came to America, settling on Saw  Mill Run,
where he was employed for seventeen years in the Hartley and Marshall mine.
Almost continuously since 1883 he has been a delegate or representative to Mine Workers' conventions,
and in I899 was elected Secretary-Treasurer of District
No. 5, United Mine WAorkers of America.
He is a member of the Sons of St. George, Knights
of Pythias, B. P. O. E., American Insurance Union,
Young MAen's Republican Tariff Club, Banksville Athletic Association, and the United Mine Workers of
America.
His family consists of his wife, Clara May Fenton,
five children, Tlhomas, Lily, Matthew, Jessie and William, and an adopted niece, Mary Ann Fenton.
HARRY DAVID WILLIAMS ENGLISH-Harry
D. W. Elnglish was born at Sabbath Rest, Blair County,
Pa., Dec. 21, 1855. His maternal ancestors were German, his father was of good old English stock. Lydia
H. English, his mother, was a woman at once intelligent
and motlierly above the average.  His father, George
W. English, was a clergymlan in the Baptist Church.
Hence their son was fortunate in the extreme in both
heredity and environment.  As a boy he attended the
Milroy Academy, -/Mifflin County, Pa., wAorking as office
boy in a jol) printing office in vacations.
He came to Pittsburgh at the age of i6, and after
a newspaper experience of some time, became connected
JOHN N. DERSATMA
H. D. W. ENGLISHwith the Berkshire Life Insurance Company, of which
firm he and his nephew under the firm name English 
Finey are now general agents, and have one of the most
prosperous and extensive agencies in their line in the
city of Pittsburgh.
In I906 he married Jennie P. Sellers.  He has one
daughter, Dorothy, and two step-daughters, Mrs. Robert
Pitcairn, Jr., and Miss Ellen R. Sellers.
He is a member of all the representative clubs of
the city, is president of the Chamber of Commerce, Ist
vice-president of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, vicepresident of the Pennsylvania Sabbath School Association, an officer in the Municipal and Voters' Leagues,
and is connected officially with the West Virginia Carbon
Company, the United States
Glass Company, and  the
South  Side  Trust  Company.
JOHN ANDREW
FAIRMAN   On the rosters of every G. A. R. Post
are names of men, who,
aside from the fame achieved on the battlefield, are
known far and wide in the
business, professional and
social capacities in which
they have been associated
since the war.  Such has
been the experience of John
Andrew F a i r m a n. The
lustre which surrounds his
career in the business and
political world of whic  he
is a part, by his untiring
and faithful service to his
country remains undimmed.
He has lived nearly all
his life in Allegheny City,
Pennsylvania.  His  early
education was secured in the
public and private schools of the fourth ward of his
native city.  After the war he was engaged as assistant
with his father in the undertaking firm of Fairman 
Samson until I869, when he became secretary and treasurer of the Forest City Pipe Works at Cleveland, Ohio.
After three years' connection with that firm, he sold
out his interest and engaged in the undertaking business
in Allegheny, first with John Harper, then later with his
brother William.  He was connected with oil interests
from  I878 to 1883.
He has been a member of Common Council of Allegheny City, and in November, I905, was elected county
recorder of Allegheny County, which position he still
holds. He is a member of the Elks, Tariff and Colonial
clubs; also of Allegheny Lodge 223, F. and A. M.,
G. A. R. Post 88, and Mosaic Chapter O. E. S.
LEWIS WARNER FOGG-The civil engineer of
prominence is an honored man in any community. Especially is this true in the Pittsburgh district where the
services of able engineers are so often requisitioned. A
man is best known by the work he has done. According to what he has accomplished he is appreciated.
Judged by his past achievements and present connections,
Lewis Warner Fogg stands before the public as a most
capable and succesful civil engineer.
If ancestry confers distinction in this country, Lewis
Warner Fogg is singularly fortunate.  Of American
lineage exceeded by but
very few, tracing his descent from Puritan ancestors
who settled in Massachusetts in  I636, he comes
from an old and prominent
f a mil y.  (Not on his
father's side alone, but on
his mother's as well.  His
mother was a Dana, and
her great-uncle was Chief
Justice William  Cushing.)
His father, George P. Fogg,
was a respected merchant of
Boston.  But it happened
that Lewis Warner Fogg
was born in Hoboken, New
Jersey, in I862. His parents
returned to Boston, where
his father was engaged in
business from I865 to 1890.
The future civil engineer received his education in the
excellent public schools of
Brookline.
His first engineering experience was obtained in the
service of the Pennsylvania
Railroad.  From  the "South Penn." he went to the
Union Pacific, later he was employed by the Louisville
 Nashville system; though admittedly successful in railroad work, it was in the development of coal and coke
enterprises that his talent has secured the greatest recognition.
He designed and built the Lambert, the Edenborn,
the Gates and the Brier Hill Coke Company's plants;
he was General Superintendent of the American Coke
Company, and General Manager of the Brier Hill Coke
Company; at present he is the Secretary and General
Manager of the Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company, and a Director of the Preston County Coke Company; he is the Consulting Engineer of the Waynesburg
L. W. FOGGEngineering Company, and Consulting Engineer, so far
as pertains to coal, for Andrews and Hitchcock, of
Youngstown; the Youngstown Sheet  Tube Company,
and the Pittsburgh Steel Company. In addition to filling most acceptably these responsible positions, he is also
a Director of the Uniontown Grocery Company, and
Treasurer of the Tri-State Lumber Cotmpany.
Mr. Fogg belongs to the Duquesne Club and is also
a prominent member of the Masonic Order.
HENRY CLAY FRICK--Conspicuous in the galaxy
of brilliant captains of industry for whom Pittsburgh is
famed, Henry Clay Frick has carved for himself a career
which well may inspire
coming generations of
Americans.  The story
of  his  rise  from  a
country clerk to be one
of the handful of financial giants who control
the industrial destinies
of a great nation suggests fiction  rather
than fact.  It is a fascinating narrative of
success.
Mr. Frick was born
in West Overton, Pa.,
December  I9,  I849,
and is of Swiss extraction on his paternal,
and German extraction
on his maternal side.
His father, who was a
thrifty farmer, had his
son educated i n t h e
public schools and in
Otterbein   University,
Ohio, and  then  sent
him  out to m1ake his
own  fortune  in  the
vworld.  The f uture
financier b e g a n h i s
business career in a humble way as clerk in a dry-goods
store. After a brief experience there, he became a bookkeeper in the distillery of his grandfather at Broadford, Pa.
Adding figures and balancing books, however, did
not appeal to the ambitious youth, who saw all about
him men who were making money in coke. He decided
to enter that then growing industry, got a few friends
to go in with himl and built fifty coke ovens. Then came
an opportunity of a lifetime. The panic of I873 smote
the country. Frightened coke makers offered their property at ruinous sacrifices. All but young Mr. Frick. Rejecting the advice of older men he bought what others
sold, staking every cent and all his credit on his judgment.
The tide turned, business prospered once more, and in
two years the erstwhile dry-goods clerk, at the age of 26,
was a rich man. A few years later he organized the H.
C. Frick Coke Company, destined to be the greatest corporation of its kind, with a capital of $2,000,000.
The success of the young man, who was already being spoken of as the "coke king," attracted the attention
of AndrewT Carnegie, even then lhead of the world's greatest steel mills. He first invested in Mr. Frick's company,
then invited him to accept an interest and office in his iron
enterprises. The offer was accepted, and in I889 H. C.
Frick was made president of the Edgar Thompson Steel
Colmpany, the largest
of the many Carnegie
concerns. The remarkable  qualifications  of
the young coke 1agnate as an organizer
and director of huge
business interests made
it inevitable that, when
the Carnegie concerns
were consolidated under the title of the Carnegie  Steel Comnpany
in  1892,  1Ir.  Frick
should be put at their
head as cliairman.
At the very outset
occurred  a n  e v e n t
lTwhich tried the mnettle
of the new steel kingthe melnorable Homestead strike.  The existing scale of wages,
through  the introduction of improved mnachinery, hlad developed
inequalities whichl Mr.
Frick set about to rectify  vlwhen it expired.
A hIistoric lock-out ensued, attended by much disorder. \/While excitemnent Avas
at white heat, an anarchistic refugee from Rtussia, named
Alexander Berkman, gaining access to the office of Mr.
Frick, attempted to assassinate him.  Although twice
shot, and stabbed besides, Mr. Frick did not lose his habitual calm, and personally directed hIis retmioval home.
This untoward deed, which hlorrified the nation, did not
shake Mr. Frick's iron will.  In a few weeks he was
back at his desk, renewved his labor fight wvith vigor,
ancld won.
Time demonstrated the wisdom of his course. After
less than a year's trial of the new scale, the workmen
affected admitted its liberality and acknowledged that
HENRY CLAY FRICKT II1 E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H   I 2I
they had been in error. The result was that never since
has a strike disturbed the harmony of the great Carnegie
works, whose men are the highest paid in the world, and
unparalleled prosperity has attended this great industry.
In 1895 Mr. Frick voluntarily relinquished some of
his duties as chairman, and they devolved upon the president of the Carnegie Company, a newly-created official.
Again, in 1897, he relinquished the management of the H.
C. Frick Coke Company, becoming chairman of its board
of directors. Then in I899 came a memorable break with
his life-long associate, Andrew Carnegie, as a result of
the proposed reorganization of the Carnegie Steel Company. The business breach was healed, and the $I6o,ooo,ooo consolidation of the Carnegie interests was
affected, but the personal chasm between the two men
was never closed.
It was just a year later that the greatest industrial
consolidation of all times was effected, when J. Pierpont
Morgan engineered the formation of the world-famed
billion-dollar United States Steel Corporation, which absorbed not only the Carnegie Steel Company and the H.
C. Frick Coke Company, but no less than thirty other steel
corporations and coke and coal companies. The magnitude of this monster consolidation, which staggers one's
imagination, is suggested by its balance sheet of June 30,
1907, which slowed total assets of $I,703,I68,II8.40,
and outstanding securities of over $1,400,000,00o. When
this gigantic combination was effected, Mr. Frick became
a director of the new corporation, and to-day is generally
credited with enjoying greater influence in its councils
than even its president, W. E. Corey.
Mr. Frick, whose private fortune is estimated at over
$75,000,000, is to-day one of the most conspicuous figures
in the United States. Few men are more influential in
financial and industrial circles than he. Besides the
United States Steel corporation he is a power in numberless other vast enterprises. He is the dominant factor in
the Pennsylvania Railroad, which with affiliated and subsidiary roads controls Io,977.75 miles of track, and is
said to have been instrumental in placing at its Head
James McCrea, now its president. He is associated with
the Harriman group of financiers, who control more
than a score of railroad systems capitalized at over four
billion dollars. He is closely identified with the mighty
Standard Oil interests, and is credited with having invested heavily in the copper properties operated by the
famous Amalgamated Copper Company. When the dark
days of the memorable panic of 1907 came, it was Mr.
Frick who aidedJ. P. Morgan and other financiers to
stem the tide of disaster and formulate plans for the
restoration of credit.  It is, indeed, his wonderfull capacity for mastering financial problems and working out
financial plans that has made the name of Henry Clay
Frick famous and his power second to none in Wall
Street.
When the split occurred between the controlling f actors in the Equitable Life Assurance Society, and charges
and countercharges were being bandied to and f ro, Mr.
Frick at the head of a stockholders' committee conducted
a searching inquiry into the methods of that powerfull
group. The famous Armstrong legislative committee appointed in consequence of the abuses Mr. Frick and his
associates uncovered, made general inquiry into life  insurance methods, men of high standing retired or died
in disgrace, and a complete reorganization of those great
corporations f ollowed.
While Mr. Frick maintains a nominal residence in
Pittsburgh and is closely identified with many of its enterprises, his home since the spring of 1905 has been in
New York City, where he occupies the old George W.
Vanderbilt mansion at the corner of Fifth Avenue and
Fifty-first Street. He has purchased the famous Lenox
Library site in upper Fifth Avenue occupying the block
bounded by Seventieth and Seventy-first Streets, and
Fi fth and Madison Avenues, for a figure said to approximate $2,500,000. What disposition he will make
of this property has never been disclosed, but it is believed that he will there erect a mansion rivaling those
of other wealthy residents o f New York.
Mr. Frick is a man of Catholic tastes, and finds time
amidst his business affairs to devote attention to liberal
arts. He owns one of the largest collections of paintings
by famous masters ever accumulated by an individual.
He recently became a member of the exclusive group
owning parterre boxes in the Metropolitan Opera House,
and also is one of the founders of the projected New
Theatre, which is designed to lift the stage above
commercialism to the plane of true art.
Personally Mr. Frick is unpretentious, affable and
Democratic. In his intercourse with men he is direct
and businesslike. He is big enough and broad enough
to hold himself aloof and be his own master at all times.
Wealth has not turned his head nor altered the even
tenor of his way. He has never permitted himself any
ostentatious display.
Mr. Frick was married December I5, I88I, to Miss
Adelaide Howard Childs, daughter of Asa P. Childs, of
Pittsburgh. Of this union four children were born, two
of whom-a son and a daughter-are no longer living.
JAMES GAYLEY-If, of the men who have
achieved fame in steel manufacturing, there should be
selected those in whose make-up is combined the greatest
technical knowledge, practical experience and executive
ability, close to the head of the list would be placed
James Gayley. His success, so far, is greater than an
individual triumph. In his case the well earned reward
has been considerably more than the accumulation of a
fortune.
Through what Mr. Gayley has accomplished, the
world has obtained larger glimpses of scientific possibilities. By his experiments and discoveries, every user1 22  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P t T T S P, U R G H
of iron, eventually, to a certain extent is benefited. He
helped not only to increase the output, but to cheapen
the cost of production. Nearly twenty years ago Mr.
Gayley broke the world's record for making the most
iron with the least coke.  Since then his genius, given
greater opportunities, has accelerated constantly the
progress of steel-making.
Possessing the advantages of the training of Lafayette, which, since 1832, has been doing splendid educational work at Easton, Mr. Gayley's career has been one
of constant advancement and of unceasing semipublic
service. Although still in the prime of life, he was one
of the earliest of chemists to become associated with this
great industry, which has had so much to do with the
prosperity of twenty of the States in the Union, and particularly and pre-eminently with that of Pennsylvania.
He has been closely identified with the leading enterprises
of this character in the United States, and hence in the
world; he has been and is the associate of the industry's
greatest history makers, and is to-day one of the chief
factors in possibly the world's most colossal business
organization. To have achieved this distinction in a line
of industry which in the United States alone gives employment to something like 300,000 wage-earners and
has a world's product of nearly 5o,ooo,ooo metric tons,
is a matter of which he has every reason to be proud.
It is to be regretted that in these pages no adequate
record of such a career can be given. Its details can be
little more than hinted at within the space permissible.
Adhering closely to ancient theories, the old-fashioned iron-makers of a former generation little thought
that a chemist's services coulcl be made available or profitable in steel production, but to-day, lit by the torch of
science is the way in which steel manufacturers advance. Tests, research and analysis, through which is
obtained a thorough understanding of the most minute
and obscure detail, contribute beneficially to production
on a gigantic scale. To those who proved, beyond question, the advantages of technical exactitude-to those
who added practical experience to expert knowledge as
Mr. Gayley did-is due much of the credit for present
achievements in the world's greatest steel works.
Like men whose greatness has been attested in other
fields, James Gayley is not content to rest upon what he
has attained. Each instance of success inspires another
undertaking. In the unceasing struggle to produce more
cheaply better steel; in his efforts to reduce fuel cost,
and at the same time increase the quality and quantity of
furnace products recently, Mr. Gayley has brought into
practical utilization a "dry blast" that is declared to be
wonderfully efficient and economical. Mr. Gayley's invention takes the moisture out of the air that is blown
into the furnace. Inasmuch as the air, blown into a blast
furnace in an hour, contains, according to atmospheric
conditions, from 40 to 300 gallons of water, it will be
seen that the elimination of this moisture must effect a
considerable  saving.  In  the Gayley  process, the air
is carried through an ammonia chamber which takes
out the moisture in the form  of f rost.  This dry air,
then driven into the furnace, produces a hotter fire with
less coke. Its effectiveness was shown by the first test.
A furnace supplied with the Gayley dry blast added
89 tons of pig iron to its usual daily output.
In addition to increasing the efficiency of blast furnaces, the Gayley process can be applied to the making
of Bessemer steel.  "It will prolong the usefulness of
the converter because it will make Bessemer results more
uniform." In expressing his approval of the invention,
john Fritz, unquestionably one of the most expert of
American steel makers, said that Mr. Gayley had accomplished successfully what others had vainly attempted
to do.
He, o f whom  such exploits are characteristic, is a
native of West Nottingham, Cecil County, Maryland.
After graduating from the academy at Nottingham,
James Gayley entered Lafayette College.  His college
course completed, in 1876, he became chemist to the
Crane Iron Company at Catasauqua, Pennsylvania. Not
every iron company employed a chemist in those days, but
even from the very beginning Mr. Gayley's services were
decidedly advantageous to the Crane Iron Company, with
which he remained for three years. In 1879 he was urged
to accept a position as a chemist with the Missouri Furnace Company at St. Louis. To this persuasion he acceded; in St. Louis he tarried until the disposal of the
leased plants of the Missouri Furnace Company left the
way open for him to return East and he became furnace
superintendent of the E.  G. Brooks Iron Company at
Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. The notable results secured at
Birdsboro caused Andrew Carnegie, ever on the alert
to obtain the services of the most capable men for
executive posts, to resolve to get Mr. Gayley for
furnace superintendent of the great Edgar ThompSON Steel Works. From I885 to I895, ten years that
witnessed wonderful development in the steel industry,
James Gayley coaxed record-breaking achievements out
of the  Edgar Thompson  furnaces.  Transferred  in
I895 to the general offices of the Carnegie Company in
Pittsburgh, to assist the late Henry M. Curry in managing the increasing business of the ore department after
the death of Mr. Curry, the erstwhile furnace superintendent was promoted to be a member of the Board of
Managers of the Carnegie Company. The larger responsibility did not weigh him down, nor did his advancement cause the slightest abatement of his energy.
To such men difficulties are undaunting; achievements
do not embolden. A great writer has said:  "The coin
most current among mankind is flattery, the only benefit
of which is that by hearing what we are not we may be
instructed what we ought to be."
Mr. Gayley long ago "arrived"; no blank remains for
what he ought to be.Faithfully and with distinguished success did he discharge all of his arduous duties.  So highly were his
great services appreciated, so well was he fitted in every
way for executive authority, that when the Carnegie
interests were merged in the colossal United States Steel
Corporation, to be vice-president of that mighty organization James Gayley was elected.
To such a man the manufacture of steel offers more
than the fascination of gain. The money to be made is
not the only incentive to more scientific production. The
satisfaction incidental to the development of imlproved
methods, the knowledge acquired through exhaustive
experiments, the ascertainment of the possibilities contained  in the solution  of
difficult problenms, the pride
which  one  takes  in  his
work, all these and m1ore
impel Jamnes Gayley to labor
with greater deterlmination
than  ever before.  In  his
present position, not only as
one of the principal officers
of the greatest steel corporation, but also as a practical
scientist, on  mnatters  pertaining to steel production
in a double sense, Jamnes
Gayley is a recognized authority.
ADDISON C O U R TN E Y  GUMBERT-Addison Courtney Gumnbert is distinctively a Pittsburgher and
a Pennsylvanian, all his life
having  been spent in the
vicinity of Pittsburgh, and
his famnily for three generations having been born in
Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Gumnbert is certainly a type whose
worth we of Pennsylvania
may honor in every way as a truly representave citizen.
He was born October I o, I867.  His father was
Robert Gumbert, now  deceased, an admirable man in
every respect.  Henrietta Gumbert, his mother, is still
living and is a woman of rare good qualities.  Both
parents have contributed not a little to their son's success.
At one time in his early life the subject of this
sketch carried newspapers, and at so young  an age was
interested in the events of the times, an interest fostered
by him all throughl his subsequent career, and which has
stood him in good stead in his various occupations and
pursuits.
He engaged in the grocery business for a time, then
held different positions of honor and trust in the Court
House of Allegheny County. He was elected sheriff
of the county last year (I9o6), an office in which he is
proving himself efficient and trustworthy. Always having
a healthy interest in sports, and being himnself quite an
athlete, he played ball with leave of absence without
pay from I888 to I896.
In December, I898, he married  Anna E. Boyle.
They have one child, Williamn B. Gulnbert.
He belongs to a number of secret societies and to
several of the representative clubs of Pittsburgh, in all
of which he takes an active
part in their progress.
HON. GEORGE W.
GUTHRIE, chief executive
of the city of Pittsburgh, is
the third  member of the
Guthrie family to fill that
imnportant office in the Iron
City. A grandfather and a
great-grandfather o f t h e
present incumbent occupied
the same position. The f anily has been known to
Pittsburgh for generations,
and it is fitting that the present mayor should be native
to the manor born. He is a
lawyer of national reputation and a scholar in the
broad sense of the term. Of
a quiet disposition, unassumning in public life, and brilliant in mental attainments,
he has been referred to as
another Hughes.
Mayor Guthrie entered
the limnelight of political life
when he became the Deillocratic candidate over eight
years ago for the highest
honor at the disposal of the voters of his home city. He
was defeated by some I,Ioo votes, and it was stated in
strong terms at the time that if fraud had not been resorted to he would have won an easy victory. However,
when the political and moral movement swept over the
Smoky City three years ago, Mr. Guthrie again permitted his name to be put forth as a candidate, this time
leading the reformers.  He was elected by a majority
of 40,000. United States Senator Quay was dead, but
Quayism reigned until it was overthrown by a Democratic nominee in a Republican stronghold.  Mr. John
B. Larkins, another Democrat, was on the reform ticket
for the comptrollership, and was also elected. Mayor
HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIEGuthrie entered upon his duties April 7, I905, so that
he has less than a year to complete his term.
IHe was associated with Mr. WiVn. B. Rodgers in the
drawing up of- the bill to create a Greater Pittsburgh.
Intelligence and perseverance won in the battle before
the State legislature, and the efforts of Allegheny to
block the progress of the movement for a bigger and
better industrial center were frustrated.  Consequently
Mayor Guthrie is the first chief executive of Greater
Pittsburgh. When he started in as such he was responsible to about 400,000 souls. This number was increased about fifty per cent. by including the adjoining
places in one great city.
Mayor Guthrie believes in the social side of life. He
has passed the thirty-second
degree in the Masonic order,
is a member of the Knights
Templars, and is a Mystic
Shriner. He is also a member of many other social
organizations, as well as
civic bodies that have the
welfare  of Pittsburgh  at
heart.  Born and bred in
the community w h e r e r    e
holds the highest office, he
takes his duties seriously,
and his record has been in
keeping with the distinguished family of which he
is far from being the least
illustrious member. Mayor
Guthrie is of a type of those
men who invariably reflect
credit on their community
whatever calling in life they
follow. The part that he
has been and is playing has
not been entirely of his ow]n
choosing. Fame has been
thrust upon him, not sought,,
and it can be truthfully said that Mr. Guthrie has
successfully met every demand made upon him.
ALFRED   REED   HAMILTON-Alfred  Reed
Hamilton was born July 19, 1873, in Allegheny City,
Pennsylvania.  His father, William  Hamilton, is well
known and prominent in business and social circles, and
is the superintendent of the Allegheny parks.  Sara
Gillespie Hamilton, his mother, is a lady whose long
line of illustrious ancestors find in her a worthy example.
Robert Shearer, her great-grandfather, was a pioneer,
settling on the Pennsylvania frontier in Washington
County in I773. During an attack by Indians, and while
fleeing for succor to Fort Necessity, he was captured by
the savages and killed.' Many of his descendants have
since become noted not only in the history of the frontier,
but also in that of subsequent events concerning the
State at large.
Alfred Reed Hamilton attended the Allegheny public school when a boy. He afterwards became a student
at the Western University of Pennsylvania, taking a
course in civil engineering.  At an early age he took
up newspaper work, continuing in various departments
of this profession for ten years.  Finally he became
identified with the Coal Trade Company, Publishers,
since becoming its president.  He is also vice-president
of the Pittsburgh Transfer Company, vice-president of
the Flannery Bolt Company (manufacturers of flexible
locomotive stay bolts), and a director in the American
Vanadiutn  Company.  His
coal interests in Pennsylvania and  West Virginia
are quite extensive.
He is a member of the
Duquesne, the Pittsburgh
Country,  th e  Pittsburgh
Steeplechase and Polo Clubs,
and the Matinee Club of
Pittsburgh  and Allegheny,
all prosperous organizations.
DANIEL BROADHEAD HEINER-One of
the most successful and versatile of the lawyers who
have practiced at the bar of
Armstrong County is Daniel
Broadhead Heiner.  As a
pleader and as counsel his
work had made him known
throughout the western part
of Pennsylvania and has peculiarly fitted him to fill so
prominently the government
positions to which he has
been elected and appointed.
He was born in Kittanning', Pa., in I854. His tather
was the grandson of that famous General Daniel Broadhead who helped make and protect the western frontier
during the terrible times in which was settled the momentous question of the holding for the nation to be of
the great Northwest Territory.  An Indian fighter, a
patriot, as well as a general of ability, his descendants
have reason to honor and revere his memory.
The subject of this sketch was graduated from the
Allegheny College at Meadville, Pa., taking his degree
with the class of I879. He afterwards read law with
Hon. E. S. Golden in his office in Kittanning, Pa., and
was admitted to practice at the bar of Armstrong
County in I88o.
His services to the government have been many and
DANIEL B. HEINERT H E   S T O R Yt  O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I 25
varied. He was a member of the 53rd and 54th Congresses, representing Armstrong,. Indiana, Jefferson and
Westmoreland Counties.   He  was  appointed United
States District Attorney by President McKinley f rom
1897 to I9OI, and in March, I9OI, was appointed Internal Revenue Collector for the 23rd district of Pennsylvania, in each of which offices he has been eminently
successfull and popular.
GEORGE L. HOLLIDAY-When a man's ability
has been long and abundantly, demonstrated by acceptable service in high positions, it is at least befitting that
he should receive all the credit that is justly due for what
he has achieved. Among the various honors accorded
to George L. Holliday is the distinction of having been
President of the Common Council for ten years, and
Postmaster of Pittsburgh  for two terms.  The baby
that, when grown to manhood, was destined to be politically eminent and useful in Pittsburgh, first opened his
eyes on May I9, 1845, at Perth, Ontario, Canada. At
the age of twelve years the lad moved with his parents
from Canadian jurisdiction to a farm in Ohio. Afterwards he was sent to the Northwood Academy. The
industrious, studious youth graduated from the classical
department of the Ohio Normal School at Lebanon in
I866, and thus completed his college education. The
young man embarked on his business career by securing
an agency in Pittsburgh for the publishing house of Harper Brothers.  His work for Harper Brothers attracted
to Mr. Holliday the attention of the American Book
Company. That astute corporation, desirous of securing
the services of such an excellent man in their line of
business, made him an offer which he did not refuse.
Thus began his connection with the Pittsburgh branch
of the American Book Company, of which large business
he is the general manager to-day. He is also President
of the Duquesne Incline Company.
Good citizen that he has ever been, Mr. Holliclav
developed, early in life, a liking and aptitude for politics.
One of the ablest and most popular Republicans in the
city, from 1873 up to 1898 he served continuously in the
Councils.  As President of the Common Council for ten
years he made an enviable record. However great the
differences of opinion on other matters might be, in the
Council men of all parties recognized and commended
the fairness, ability and rectitude of the presiding officer.
The world-astounding industrial expansions that have
accelerated Pittsburgh's prodigious growth, caused the
years that Mr. Holliday occupied important public offices
to be crowded with pressing responsibilities. The frenzied financial activity that, for a brief while, made millions almost in a night, created times that tried men's
SOULS, not waith the stress of adversity, but with Crcesuseclipsing prosperity. Through it all, despite the opportunities for sudden enrichment that thrust themselves
upon him, Mr. Holliday retained his poise, faithfully
performed his duties and commanded more than ever
the respect and confidence of the community.
Under the Holliday administration the business of
the Pittsburgh post-office was more than doubled; efficiency in handling the mails was correspondingly  increased, and after receiving the high compliment of a
reappointment, after serving two terms, Mr. Holliday
retired from the postmastership with a reputation second
to none.
For a considerable time Mr. Holliday was one of the
Trustees of the Carnegie Instittute.  A  member of several of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh, he is prominent
also in benevolent and church work.
GEORGE Z. HOSACK-George Z. Hosack is a
well known personage in. Pittsburgh's business and political life.
He was born at Mercer, Pa., in I858.  His father
was John Paxton Hosack, M.D., surgeon in the Fiftyfirst Pennsylvania Volunteers during the Civil War. His
mother was Margaret Forker, whose father, Gen. John
Forker, served in the War of 1812. Mr. Hosack is in
fact a descendant of a family of soldiers, several of his
ancestors having been Revolutionary veterans.
He is a graduate of Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa., class of I88I.  This same indomitable
energy led to his rise from a clerkship to the superintendency of the Grant Coal Mines in Mansfield, Pa. In
I896 he organized the Bridgeville Coal Company, which
in I899 sold out to the Pittsburgh Coal Company. He
is now president of the New York  Cleveland Gas
Coal Co.
In his home town, Carnegie, he has held various
offices of trust. He is a director in the First National
Bank o f Carnegie, and in the Carnegie Trust Company
president of the Carnegie Library Commission. and is
a trustee of Westminster College and of the Pittsburgh
Presbytery. He belongs to several Masonic organizations of Carnegie and Pittsburgh, and is a member of the
Duquesne Club. He married Sadie E. Cubbage in 1882,
and they and their children, Margaret F., Mary, John
and Isabel, reside in Washiugton Avenue, Carnegie.
FREDERICK  CHARLES KEIGHLEY- Frederick Charles Keighley was born May 5, I855, at Victoria Terrace, Keighley, Yorkshire, England. He is a
son of Charles and Mary Clark Keighley. The Keighley
family came over to England with William the Conquerer, were the founders of the ancient manor of Keighley, Yorkshire, England, and the presumed ancestor of
the Keighleys of Keighley was granted the tract of land,
now the site of the town of Keighley, for his services
at the battle of Hastings.
Frederick Charles Keighley was educated at the
Keighley Grammar School, and at the age of ten years
came with his parents to America. After two terms ina village school and night school he started as office boy
with some mining experience; progressed to bookkeeper
with some additional mining experience; then rose from
fireman to engineer, and after a varied career in several
mining establishments organized the company of coal
mining operators, Keighley, Gay  Co. He also became
associated with the Mahoning Coal Company, Youngstown Coke Company, and a number of others, including
the superintendency of the Mammoth Coke Works of
the H. C. Frick Coke Company, and has had charge of
the Oliver plants Nos. I, 2 and 3 from their initial development to the present date. He is also general manager of the Wells Creek Coal Company, president of the
Euclidc Coal  Coke Co.,
Preston County Coke Company, superintendent of the
Oliver  Snyder Coke Co.,
superintendent of the South
Side Water Company.
JAMES JOSEPH
KELLY-James J. Kelly
was born at Pottsville,
Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, January I I, I8513.
Mr. Kelly was educated
at the Pottsville and Mt.
Laffee schools. After quitting school he worked in the
W re n Machine Shop in
Pottsville, where he subsequently became an apprentice. After completing his
term  of apprenticeship he
was engaged for a time in
erecting and running engines, and a little later was
made Master Mechanic of
the Lehigh Valley Coal
Company. He came to Pittsburgh about 17 years ago to
take charge of the Howe,
Brown  Co. steel plant on Penn Avenue. He left
this firm to take charge of the Colonial Steel Plant,
remaining there for some two years or more. Leaving
the employ of the Colonial Company; he joined the firm
of the Central Pipe, Valve  Construction Co. on River
Avenue, Allegheny, Pa. He continued business with
this firm for five years when he sold his interest. He
again found employment in erecting rolling mills, power
plants, etc., until appointed boiler inspector for Allegheny County  by Governor E. S. Stuart in July
last.
Mr. Kelly has never held or sought political office,
but always voted at the regular election for the candidate
whom he considered best fitted for the office. He was
married at Ashland, Pa., to Miss Elizabeth Thompson
in I872. They have twelve children.
WILLIAM  BREDIN KIRKER-Of residents who
have been conspicuous in local and State politics, the list
that did not contain the name of William Bredin Kirker
would be obviously incomplete. Not only for the ability
he has shown in the discharge of his duties as the incumbent at different times of various offices, but also
because of the prestige he has gained as a local Republican leader, W. B. Kirker is well and widely known.
He was born in Butler, Butler County, Pennsylvania,
on November 21, I86o; in I864 his parents removed to
Allegheny, where he lived
until I877; in that year his
home being established in
Bellevue, he has lived there
ever since. Educated in the
public schools and in the
University of W e s t e r n
Pennsylvania, he eventually
completed his law studies in
his father's office and was
admitted to the bar in I893.
Had he chosen to devote
himself entirely to private
practice, it seems certain
that he would have been one
of Pittsburgh's very successful lawyers.  But his
popularity was such that he
was called upon to give his
time and talents largely to
public service. The offices
he has held are respectively:
Clerk in the Prothonotary's
office; clerk to the Court of
Co o 1   nmo   Pleas No. 2;
Burgess; Clerk of Council,
Borough Solicitor, Councilman and President of the
Council, Bellevue; member
of the Pennsylvania Legislature, two terms, and Prothonotary of Allegheny County. Of his official record only
the best can be said. His work in the Prothonotary's
office has been frequently the subject of special praise.
WILLIAM  nI. LAIRD-A  deservedly prominent
figure in Pittsburgh's active mercantile life is William
M. Laird, head of the great W. M. Laird Shoe Company,
Inc., whose career is a permanent source of inspiration
and instruction to the young man just starting out with
no capital but brains and integrity.  His record of
achievement is a revelation to those who suppose a young
man is foolish to attempt to carve out business success
without the most powerful influence and backing. AlJ. J. KELLYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G II  I27
though still a comparatively young man, or at least one
who looks the part, Mr. Laird has had over 30 years'
experience in Pittsburgh's strenuous business life, emnbracing sticli a diversity of interests as is representeed by
manufacttiring, mining, banking, real estate and other
commercial affairs. He ranks high among  the men who
have mnade this city and without whonm the "Story of
Pittsbtirgh' wotild be incomplete.
Mr. Laird was born in Allegheny County in I855, and
is the son of Jamnes and Sarah Laircl.  As the famnily
name incicates, he is of Scotch descent, wliich is further
indicated by his business instinct.  At II years of age
lie was employed on a farm1, at 14 was clerk in a retail
store, at I6 in a wvholesale shoe liouse, at IS wvas a traveling salesmnan, ancl if he had not been nmarried, mnark you,
at 21, he probably woulld not havTe leen in business for
himnself at 22.
Mr. Laird lias contiliued in tlhe lboot ancl slioe trade
steadily since I879.  He opened several large retail
stores and has clone quite an extensive wholesale business in Pittsburgh for years. He startedl and operated
successfully a large shoe factory, 1has been a heavy advertiser ancl has sold over $I5,000,000 worth of shoes
in Pittsburah.
Some of the companies and large interests witli which
Mr. Laird is connected, ancl the positions he holds in the
salne, are these: President, director and principal owner
of the WV. M1. Laird Shoe Comnpany, Inc.; president and
director of the International Savings  Trust Co. of
Pittsburgh; presiclent of the Pittsbtirgh C. M. M.  T.
Co. of Colorado; president of the Colonial Hotel Company of Michigan; director of the Central Trtist  SavillgS Company of Philadelphia; a director of the Philadelpllia Commercial Comnpany, and a large owner of
local real estate.  These interests requuire much of Mr.
Laird's attention, but he is accustomed to the rapid dispatch of business, and quickly disposes of questions without apparent weari-iess which would mnake manyy-men
tired.
Mr. Laird was m1arried in 1876.  His children are
Eleanor M., Gertrtide, Walter S. and WVilliamn M., Jr.
He has resided in -the nilieteenth ward, Pittsburgh, for
over twenty years.
The big retail stores of the Laird Comnpany are located at 622 Liberty Avenue, and at'404-406-408 Market Street.
JOSEPH    LEONARD    LEVY-Joseph  Leonarcl
Levy, rabbi, lecturer and author, was born in London,
England, November 24, i865, his father, Rev. Solomon
Levy, being a promninent London milister.  At an early
age he entered the preparatory department of Jews'
Theological College, London.  WVhen sixteen, he began
his tiniversity studies, contintling his theological course
at Jews' College, and his secular studies at University
College.  At the former institution he gained the prize
in Hebrew literature, holding it three years consecutively.
He graduated in I884 with the degree of B.A. April 26,
I885, elected Rabbi of the 11-istol Hebrew Congregation;
liarried December, I888, Henirietta Platnatier; came to
the United States September, I889, accepting a call to
Sacramnento, California; April, I893, Rabbi of K(eneseth
Israel Reform Congregation, Philadelphia, where he renained eight years. In Philadelphia he wrote eight volumtes of lectures: "Hopes and Beliefs," "The Lights of
the World," "Modern Society," "Juldaismn, Past, Present
and Futtire," "Ouestions for Our Consideration, " "The
XIX. Centtiry," etc. He is thle autitor of tle translation
of "Tiatate Rosli Hashana" (New Ytear), first volulme
of the 1abylonian Talutld to appear in English  in
America.  April 3, I9OI, Rabbi of the Reform Congregation Rodeph Shaloni, Pittsburgh, at an annual salary
of $I2,000,; here lie published three volumes of ad(lresses; Doctor of Divinity conferred Upon him  by
Western University of Pennsylvania in I902; elected
Trtistee 19o4; Vice-President Universal Peace Society;
eclitor "Jewvish Criterion." Ini less than fifteen years he
las steadily progressed fro1li an obscure position in
Sacraiiiento to one of tle forenllost places in the land.
FRANCIS THOMCLAS FLETCHER LOVEJOYNow and tlen one hears or reads about somle unknown
young malni liappening to drift into Pittsburgh, taking
tip some line of work and after a while being heard from
in a way that makes people wonder. It was practically
tlius that a young man, mayhap rather ruggecl in alppearance, but who liad already been fortunate through his
ambitiol-s and dleterminedl liopefulness, sought Pittsburgh
as a field for enlarging his opportunities.  This youong
man wvas Francis Thomlas Fletcher Lovejoy.  He camne
to Pittsburgll in November, I880, and there has not been
a year since that he has not upheld Iiis ideal of early days
to do something  worth wliile.
He was born in Baltimnore, M/Id., July 2I, I854, the
son of William Alexander and Mary J. Lovejoy, of a
Marylancl family since I705, prior of English and Scotchclescent. His mother was the claughter of Thomas Horn
Robinson, a Baltimnore attorney. Whlile attendin.g school
at Washington, a village in Guernsey County, O., whither
his parents went in I858, he studied telegraphy.  He
stepped out into the world to make his way in July,
I870, iThen I6 years old, going first to Washington, Pa.,
thence in December, following, to Pithole in the Pennsylvania oil region.  He spent ten years at Titusville,
Pa., as telegrapher, stenographer, bookkeeper, oil producer and refiner, gaining not only a robust physiqtle,
but also a training in business, both of which have stood
himll in good place in his energetic career.
His first wvork in Pittsburglh was with the A1merican
Union Telegraph Conipany.  On June 6, I88I, he entered a service of the Carnegie steel interests which continuecl actively a score of years.  Starting as clerk and.1
U,
1. I
PITTSBURGH is incidentally very strong in the
instance of the many cities, towns and villages
that are tributary to her in nearly every com--
ii-ercial ancl coliiiiunity sense. In very inany
senses Pittsburgh capital has initiatecl, developecl ancl
fosterecl the ii-anufacturing interests thaat have given
bgirth ancl vitality to these mnunicipalities.- In others the
natural ancl artificial aclvantages of the places have.attractedl local capital. In every instance, however, the
measure of reciprocity has been mutual and ample. By
these means Pittsburgh's blood and money have found
new arteries and new channels in which to flow and
strengthen. It is in no patronizing sense, therefore, that
the large city traces the ties of relationship between herself and those smaller towns of some of which she is the
parent and of others the foster parent.  The spirit of
amity that has always invested the dealings between them
is attested by the prosperous condition of all of then.
It is difficult even with the aid of a map to define the
commercial rim  of Pittsburgh.  It is more difficult to
establish the manufacturing frontier, as many of the
mills, factories and  larger manufa cturing  enterprises
hundreds of miles in any direction from Pittsburgh have
had their inspiration, construction, managemnent, and
financial backing in Pittsburgh and, in not a few instances, still have. These, of course, have extended the
radius of local influence and resources. The planting of
these enterprises without the walls of the municipality,
while depriving it of the benefits of taxes and individual
and collective patronage, has had the effect of sending
back to it in other ways vast amounts of money that have
served to swell values that are local.
The growth in population and commercial importance
of suburban and outlying cities and towns, therefore,
II
has always been regarded with commercial and neighborly complaisance by right-minded Pittsburghers. Reciprocal relations, loyally maintained, have multiplied the
resources of each and will continue to do so. In the
instance of those in Allegheny County it will not be mnany
years until all of them will be on the books of the City
Assessor of Pittsburgh. In the other instances "faith's
discerning eye" has not strained its nerves to see the lake
and the mountains as the city's frontier. The proximity
of the lines of West Virginia and Ohio is rather discouraging to those who hope for rapid western and southern
extensions; but "sufficient unto the day is the evil
thereof." Pittsburgh is sowing the seeds of municipalities to-day from river to mountain top and from mountain top to lake f ront that will one day gently fuse into
not the "Greater" but the "Greatest" Pittsburgh. The
fleets that traverse the lakes will pay dockage and wharfage to the city wharf-master. The coal that these fleets
will carry back will be Pittsburgh coal, and the freight
that will go to the West and Northwest, nay, to the f arthest Canadas, will come from Pittsburgh's mills and
Pittsburgh's markets. Then the Juniata and the Susquehanna will be used as Pittsburgh's waterway to the
ocean, and Baltimore pride will be daily and nightly
humbled by the sight of Pittsburgh's ships and vessels
passin to and from the sea. There will be no miracles,
simply the orderly development and evolution of business
principles calmly but broadly conceived and just as calmly
carried out. "Insular" and "provincial" will in no wise
apply to Pittsburgh when the possibilities of
shall have been accomplished. It is far inland now, but
rivers lead to the sea, and Pittsburgh has the rivers, and
one day will have more. Affiliated commercially with
Pittsburgh and in its immediate vicinity are Washington,
"                                   1A-.                      
Pittsburgh's Inspiration Sowing the Seeds of Municipal
Growth from Mountain Tops to Erie's Shores-Cordial
Relations Between the City and Outside Enterprisestenographer in the accounting department, he advanced
in April, I889, to auditor of Carnegie Bros.  Co., Ltd.,
and Carnegie, Phipps  Co., Ltd., becoming also a stockholder and member of these partnerships. Two months
later he was elected secretary of Carnegie Bros.  Co.,
Ltd., and in I89I was elected a member of the boards
of managers of the two organizations. The following
year found him takingo an active part in consolidating
the two companies, and July I, I892, he became secretary
and a manager of the Carnegie Steel Company, Ltd. It
was at this time that the Homestead steel strike began.
Mr. Lovejoy was chosen by Henry C. Frick and the
managers as official spokesman to the newspapers for
the company's side of this
labor difficulty.  He continued as s e c r e t a r y and
member of the board of
managers, with other titles
in subsidiary companies, tintil January, I9OO, when he
refused to side with a majority of stockholders in an
attack on Mr. Frick, who
was theni chairman of the
board. He resigned all his
offices, but in March, following, was induced to act
as mediator in a suit in
equity b r o ug h t by Mr.
Frick against Andrew Carnegie. On March 19, I900,
he wrote the notable agreenent under which a new
comnpany was to be formed.
This agreement was ratified
and he was appointed one of
a committee to carry out its
provisions.
Since that year Mr.
Lovejoy has devoted himself more particularly  to
another line of indtstry. He
took up gold mining and is now president of two, vicepresident of three and a director in other mining companies. Always a lover of outdoor exercise, it was but natural that he becalme the pioneer andc most extensive automnobilist in this city, his garage having few less than a
score of high-grade cars for his use. He is accredited with
having been the first American who "owned and rode"
a bicycle in the United States in November, I876.
While he is a lover of outdoor sports, such as motoring and golfing, and is a member of leading social, athletic and golf clubs in Pittsburgh, New York and Colorado Springs, he is rather averse in nature to the whirl
of society life, preferring his family and fireside and
books to social functions.  He was married June 22,
I892, to Jane Clyde, daughter of Robert James Flemming.  They have three children, Francis Flemming,
Kenneth Frick and Marjory. Their beautiful Pittsburgh
home, one of the finest residential places in America,
"Edgehill," overlooking Wilkinsburg  and  Swissvale
Valley, is in Braddock Avenue, Pittsburgh.
HON.  ROBERT  McAFEE-Born  in  County
Antrim, Ireland, on February 28, I849, in boyhood and
youth he sought diligently to obtain an education in the
Antrim schools; at the age of 20, Hon. Robert McAfee
came to America. Loming
to Pittsburgh he at once
secured employment in the
mill of Oliver Brothers 
Phillips. Promoted, after a
while, to be the manager of
the lower mills, he retained
that position until the plant
was sold to the Schoen
Pressed Steel Car Comnpany.
His holme was in the
eleventh ward of Allegheny.
His  neighbors  recognized
his worth and elected him
as their representative in
the Select Coluncil. After
holding a seat in the Select
Council for ten years, in
I893 he headed the "North
Side" Department of Public Works.  Under his administration w e r e m1 a d e
Allegheny's greatest public
improvements.  As Director of Public Works of the
city, in more ways than
one, he brought about an
appreciable  betterment of
conditions.  In 1902, however, rather than endorse
certain "ripper" proceedings, M\lr. M\lcAiee resigned from
office.
On April 13, I903, Governor Pennypacker appointed
Robert McAfee to be Commissioner of Banking. WVhen
appointed, Commissioner McAfee, who for years had
been a (lirector in the Allegheny National Bank, was not
unfamiliar with the banking business, nor was he lax in
enforcing the State banking laws. In his department he
was not a mere figurehead, nor did he neglect even the
slightest of his duties. With fairness and vigor he administered the affairs of his office.  McAfee's record
was admittedly so excellent that in July, I905, when the
Governor was called upon to fill a vacancy in the State
F. T. F. LOVEJOYDepartment caused by the death of Frank M. Fuller, on
all sides it was urged that McAfee, on his merits, should
be promoted to be the Secretary of the Commonwealth.
This promotion-came to pass on July 27, I90o. As Secretary of the Commonwealth he is also ex-officio a member of the following boards:  Pardons, Sinking Fund
Conmmissioners and Property. In the careful and impartial discharge of the various duties devolving upon him,
Robert McAfee continues to be not only an efficient
officer, but a worthy example to all who aspire to true
success in office.
Long acknowledged to be a Republican leader in Allegheny, later one of the most trusted counsellors of his
party in the State, in matters political as well as in his
official capacity and private
life, Robert McAfee has
sturdily maintained his integrity.  Gifted  with  the
ability to lead and persuade,
he attracted  a following,
not of opportunities and
uncertain persons, but of
staunch and faithful Republicans, men who were
actuated by worthy motives,
men who were associated
for something more than
t h e attainment b y a ny
means of a temporary victory.
Direct in his mnethods,
unostentatious in hiis ways,
straightforward, fair  and
considerate, he has helped
not only his party, but his
city and State. With good
reason has been extended
favorable  recognition  to
Robert McAfee.
JOHN R. McGINLEY
-One of the best known
business men of Pittsburgh, having also large interests in other cities, is John Rainey MicGinley, who
was born at Cresson Springs, Pa., of good Scotch-Irish
stock.
At 25 Mr. McGinley became interested in business
for himself, and in 1884 joined George Westinghouse
in organizing the Philadelphia Natural Gas Company,
of which he was vice-president until I9oo. He assisted
in the organization and conduct of several Westinghouse
Companies, notably the Electric, the Machine Company,
etc., and conducted several large affairs of his own.
Some of the companies with which he is now connected
in a responsible way are the Duff Manufacturing Company, Dunn Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh Screw
 Bolt Co., Ontario Nickel Company, Texas Transportation  Termninal Co., Columbia Trust Company of
New York, R. D. Nuttall Comlpany, Fidelity Title 
Trust Co. of Pittsburgh, East Pittsburgh National Bank,
Union Fidelity Trust Company, Monongahela Water
Company, Electric Properties Company of New York,
and others.  He was vice-president and general mnanager of the companies that built Wilmerclding and East
Pittsburgh and the works there located.
Mr. McGinley is a member of the Duquesne Club,
of which he was president for four years, the Pittsburgh
Club, of several local country clubs, the Metropolitan
and Lawyers' Clubs of New York, the Down Town
Association of New  York, and the Essex Country
Club of Manchester, Mass.
Mr. McGinley was mlarried in I879 to Miss Jennie
Atterbury. They have been
blessed with five children.
H. ALLEN MACHESNEY-On Fourth Avenue,
adjoining  the  Pittsburgh
Stock  Exchange,  towers
the Machesney Building, a
twenty-story structure, one
of the largest and finest
office edifices in the city. A
building of such size, of
such strength and magnificence of construction would
procure for its builder and
o w n e r prominence anywhere. Vast possessions undoubtedly are advantageous,
but without t h e m t h e i r
owner could commntand the
same respect and esteenm.
H. Allen Machesney was
born in Allegheny.  He is
the son of Charles Machesney, a well known manufacturer now retired. On his 1mother's side he is descended
from the famous Allen family of Vermiont. After passing through various grades of the public schools, he prepared for college with the help of a private tutor.  He
guraduated both from  Cornell and Yale Universities.
Though a member of the bar, he has not engaged in
general practice in recent years, as his time is almost
entirely occupied with the management of his own extensive affairs.
IVMr. Machesney married Miss Olive Jones, the daughter of the late Judge Samnuel Jones, who in a preceding
generation was one of Pittsburgh's most respected and
substantial citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Machesney have one
child, H. Allen Machesney, Jr.In addition to being an alumntus of Cornell and of
Yale as well, and a member of the Bar Association, Mr.
Machesney belongs to the Duquesne Club, the Country
Club, the University Club and the Press Club of Pittsburgh.
The achievement by which H. Allen Machesney is
best known is the erection of the building that bears his
name. Built of steel, granite, terra cotta and enameled
brick; with an interior superbly adorned with Italian
marble and bronze; the offices being finished with Japanese fumed oak, and fitted with the latest and finest conveniences; the handsome structure which stands where
the Jones banking' house formerly stood is not only a
notable addition to the architecture of Pittsburgh, but
an illustration of all that
a modern American office
building should be.
ARCHIBALD MACKRELL-One of the most
popular and genial men in
all Greater Pittsburgh is Mr.
Archibald  Mackrell.  Mr.
Mackrell do'es not say this
hinmself. On the contrary,
when asked to give some
personal data he exclaimed,
"Vanitas vanitatum!"-only he put it in the good old
Biblical phraseology, "Vanity of vanities, saith the
preacher; all is vanity."
In fact it was found
that Mr. Mackrell is so
modest about personal history that when he was a
member of the Pennsylvania legislature his biography occupied o n l y five
lines in that famous literary
and historical work known
as "S nu 1 l's Legislative
Handbook."  Mr. Mackrell admits that he was born
in the eleventh ward, Pittsburgh, in I858, and  has
lived there all his life until recently, and that is all.
It is learned  from  other sources, however, that he
received a public school education and early started
to work in a steel mill where he learned  the trade
of a steel hammerman.
Mr. Mackrell ranked high as a skilful mechanic
when elected to the State legislature for the session of
I893-I894, where he served on important committees
and assited in much importa1t\ legislation. He has been
conspicuous in local politics for a number of years, and
for a titme was real estate officer for the Wabash Railroad.  He is now collector of delinquent taxes for Allegheny County, with offices in the Court House, and
resides on Liberty Avenue, East End.
ROBERT BETRIDGE MURRAY A Pittsburgher
who, through application and energy, by constantly proving his trustworthiness and capability, by his own unaided efforts in a few years has risen from a wage earner's position to a post of large responsibility and incidental profit as the representative for this section of a
number of important corporations, is Robert Betridge
Murray.
Born in Pittsburgh on July I2, 1877, after graduating from the public schools of this city, at the age of
I8 he entered the office of the Lake Superior Copper
Mills (an adjunct of the
Park Steel Company),
where he became assistant
to the manager.
WVhen he was 22 years
old, he was employed as a
salesman in the Pittsburgh
office of the Erie City Iron
Works. In this position for
four years he not only acquired an intimate and thorough knowledge of the business, but also developed to a
very high degree the faculty
of securing valuable trade.
Next for a year with the
Atlas Engine Works of Indianapolis he proved to an
even greater extent his proficiency as a salesman. Since
I904 he has been established
in Pittsburgh as the representative of the Titusville
Iron Company of Titusville,
Pennsylvania; the  Exeter
M a c h i n e Company of
-ston, Pennsylvania; the
Fitchburg Engine Company
of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and A. L. Ide  Sons of
Springfield, Illinois.  Through his wide acquaintance
with the trade, through his vim, earnestness and tact he
has built up for himself and the above named companies
a large and rapidly growing business.
JOHN P. OBER-One of the most conspicuous examples of the opportunities afforded in this country to
the young man of industrious habits, honesty and ambition is John Peter Ober, treasurer of the Pittsburgh
Brewing Company.
Mr. Ober was prominent in public affairs in Allegheny. Taking a lively interest in the prosperity of his
native town he was elected a member of Select Council
JOHN P. OBERserving three terms. He was a member of the finance
committee, public works and chairman of the committee
on Public Safety.  Of a genial disposition and attractive social qualities he was importuned by his friends
to stand for the Republican nomination for mayor, but
this honor he peremptorily declined.  His public spirit
and civic pride mlanifested itself through the presentation to the city of the handsome fountain which still
adorns the City Hall park, sometimes called "Ober
Park."
Mr. Ober has been for many years past a resident
of Pittsburgh, and now has a handsome home in the
aristocratic Squirrel Hill
section of the city. In I870
he 1married Salote Eberhardt. Three c h i 1 cld r e n
b 1 e s s e d their union, two
boys and a girl, but only
one child s u r v i v e s, the
daughter, who is Mrs. E.
H. Straub.  Mr. Ober has
become one of the mnost influential citizens of Greater
Pittsburgh, enjoying t h e
confidence and esteetn  of
all who have the honor of
his acquaintance. He takes
great interest in social and
civic affairs.  His interests
are wide and varied. He is
a mnember of the Amlericus,
German Club, Automobile
Club, Brunot's Island Club,
Schenley Park Oval Club,
Pennsylvania  Motor Federation and Union Republican Club of Philadelphia.
He is also a popular 1member of the Mason's Fraternity, Odd Fellows, E 1 k s,
Alleglheny Turners and Teutonia Singing Society. He
is a director in the German National Bank of Pittsburgh, Safe Deposit of Allegheny, Columbia Malting Company of Chicago, and the
Standard Ice Company of Philadelphia.
EUGENE W. PARGNY-Comparatively speaking,
Eugene W. Pargny is a young man to hold the positions
of honor and trust that have been allotted to him in the
various business concerns in which he is interested.
Coming to Pittsburgh in I890, he immediately made for
himself an enviable place in the social and business circles of the city. He inherits his high business ethics and
ability from both maternal and paternal ancestry, his immediate forbears being especially noted in these virtues.
Joseph Pargny, his father, now  deceased, was an
astute and successful merchant and manufacturer, being
himself the son of a large plate-glass manufacturer of
France.  His mother, also deceased, was Louise Bennear, the daughter of a Protestant minister who was a
descendant of a French Huguenot family. Both father
and mother came from France and settled in Louisville.
Kentucky, where their son Eugene was born June 5,
I867.
Eugene W. Pargny was educated at the Rugby
School, supplementing that instruction with that of private tutors.  He was engaged in various pursuits in
Louisville until I890o, when
he came to Pittsburgh to
become associated with theApollo Iron   Steel Co.
This company was merged
with the American Sheet
Steel Company, now known
as the American Sheet 
T i n P 1 at e Comnpany, of
which company MI r. Pargny
is now its first vice-president. He is also president
of the Apollo Gas Company,
a n d o f t h e Vandergrift
Land  Im1provement Colnpany.
He is married and lives
in the East End, Pittsburgh
He is a member of the
Pittsburgh, Duquesne, Allegheny Country a n d University Clubs of Pittsburgh,
and of the Engineers' Club
of New York.
CHARLES BOHLEN
P R I C E-Charles Bohlen
Price is a son of Benjamin
Marsden Price and Virginia
Pierrepont Price, both of
whom were descendants of
members of the English Society of Friends (Quakers).
Benjalnin M. Price, the father, a cotton broker, with
offices at Philadelphia and New Orleans, died when his
son was only six years of age. Charles was compelled
to leave school and seek employment, his mother's resources being very slender and his older brother, at the
outbreak of the Civil War, had been alnong the first to
enlist, and was killed during McClelland's Peninsular
Campaign.
His first employment was as a cash boy, and in less
than a year he had been promoted to take charge of the
retail deliveries, with about forty carriers reporting to
him, a most notable advancemen't, as he was the youngest
E. W. PARGNYemployee in the establishment.  He was afterwards
variously employed as transcribing   clerk and mechanical
draughtsman; and in I869 began his long and successful
career as a railroad man, until in I898 he had become
general superintendent of the Allegheny Valley Railroad. After four years' service in this exalted position
he retired from business and spent the next three years
in travel, principally abroad.
He has served as County Commissioner for tvwo
terms. He is a director in the First National Bank of
Oakmont, and a member of the Duquesne, Church, Oakmont and Tariff Clubs, and is a Mason.
JOSEPH SEEP--Among the foreign-born citizens
of the United States who have becone successful and
valued members of the community in which they live,
is Joseph Seep, of Oil City, Pa.
M/Ir. Seep was born in the town of Voerden, Hanover, Germany.  He received a common-school education there, until his parents came to America. He was
eleven years of age when this change took place, and
his first years in the new country were spent in Richmond, Ind., where h'is father and mother located.
Only six months after landing in this country, the
father was stricken with Asiatic cholera, which was then
raging in epidemic fortim. His 1nother and her four chilclren then moved to Cinciin-hati. Joseph Seep here pursued his studies, and at *tlhieir finish learned the trade of
cigar making, which he followed for about eight years.
After that his life was full of a number of changes.
In I859 he went to Lexington, where he entered the
employ of the late Jabez A. Bostwick in the grain and
hemp business. In I865, at the close of the Civil War,
Mr. Seep returned to Cincinnati, and there engaged in
the cotton cotimmission and forwarding business, and in
January, i866, he married Miss Kate Hillemeyer,
daughter of Francis X. Hillemeyer, a well known man,
and one of Fayette County's most respected citizens.
Eleven children were the result of this happy union,
of which ten are now living: Lillian M., Eugene E.,
Arthur F., Albert H., William J., May C., George R.,
Alice E., Herbert B. and Alma E. Seep.
In I869 he made another change and moved with his
family to Titusville, Pa., with which town he has been
identified for a number of years, developing a successful
business career. He engaged in the petroleum business
with his old friend Mr. Bostwick of New York, wllo, in
the meantime, has formed a partnership with Mr. J. B.
Tilford under the firm naime of Bostwick  Tilford.
The petroleum business was carried on successfully by
them until in I87I when it became associated wvith the
Standard Oil Company. Mr. Seep's knowledge of the
business let to his services being required by the new
CHARLES B. PRICE
JOSEPH SEEPcompany, where he became a buyer of all the crude oil
handled by this immense company.
Mr. Seep still retains his position with the Standard
Oil Company and has upwards of thirty buying offices
scattered throughout the various oil-producing States of
this country. He has handled more oil and disbursed
more money for the product than any man living or
dead. His disbursements amount to the enormous sum
of nearly $Ioo,ooo,ooo per annum.
Mr. Seep has many other interests, and is connected
with many well known financial institutions and banks
throughout the South and West. He is president of the
Oil City Trust Company, and a charter member as well
as a director of the Seaboard National Bank of
New York. He has a large
financial i 1 t e r e s t in the
United Hardware  Supply Co., and the Specialty
Manufacturing Company of
Titusville, Pa., a n d t h e
Modern Tool Company of
Erie, Pa. He is also president and one of the organizers of the Central Kentucky Natural Gas Company, which furnishes gas
to the city of Lexington,
besides the towns of Winchester and  Mount Sterling. In I89I he acquired
a large interest in the Mine
 Smelter Co. of Denver,
Colo., and in I894 became
its sole owner. This company is the largest mining
machinery and mining supply concern in the world,
and is capitalized at $I,500,000, with branch
houses in Salt Lake, Utah;
El Paso, Texas; City of
Mexico, and New York.
With all his great interest in his progressive, successful business career, Mr. Seep has had time to think of
other interests in his life, and Titusville has benefited
by his public spirit.  In I899 he purchased a tract of
land near the town of Hydstown, Pa., and built St. Catherine's Cemetery, on which he expended about $50,000
and presented it to the St. Titus Church congregation.
This is one of the handsomest cemeteries in the State,
and is the pride of Titusville. The handsome statue of
St. Catherine at its entrance, which cost about $8,ooo,
was erected in honor of his good wife, whose name it
bears, and also bears witness to the great interest Mrs.
Seep takes in beautifying the city of the dead.
Several years ago Mr. Seep built a fine residence,
which is one of the handsomest in western Pennsylvania. Here he lives with his family around him. Although business and home interests take a great share of
his time, he finds time to hold membership and participate in the social life of the Buffalo Club of Buffalo,
Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Club, and the Ohio
Society of New  York, besides giving some time and
attention to several charitable associations and organizations which benefit by his interest in them.
Mr. Seep was one of the citizens of Titusville, who,
ten years ago, subscribed each $Io,ooo to the Industrial
Fund Association. He is a stockholder in both the Second National Bank of
Titusville, and the Commercial Bank, of that city, also
a director in this last institution.
Joseph Seep is a good
example of the typical
American business man, his
early struggles necessitating changes from  one business to  another, until he
found the main interest of
his life in one line, the successful development of that
line, and the gradual
branching out u n d e r the
stimulus of success, until
his interests are wide and
varied, and each developing
new thought and new sides
to his character.
That so many men of
large business interests yet
reserve some energy for
public-spirited  works is a
satisfying and hopeful sign
for this country.
FRANCIS MARION
S E M A N S, JR.-Francis
Marion Semans, Jr., was born July 7, I869, at Hopwool, Fayette County, Pa., and is the son of Francis
M. Senians and Mary Jane Sutton Semans. The father
was a 1erchant. The son was educated in the comlnon
schools of Fayette County, graduating from  the State
Normal School of California, Pa., in the class of I887.
After teaching'school from  I885 to I888, he entered the employ of the First National Bank of Uniontown, Pa., and was elected assistant cashier in I899.
He was appointed deputy to the treasurer of Fayette
County in I882, and has acted in that capacity or as
assistant treasurer for each succeeding incumbent since;
Benton L. Miller, Democrat, being treasurer then, and
FRANCIS M. SEMANS, JR.James H. Howard, Republican, is treasurer at this
writing.
Mr. Semans is the third largest stockholder in the
First National Bank, Uniontown, Pa.; stockholder in
Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company; trustee of the
Uniontown Hospital; stockholder and director of the
Tri-State Telephone Company; member of the executive committee of the State Young Men's Christian
Association.
Mr. Semans is a member of the Laurel Club, Uniontown; Pittsburgh Country Club, Duquesne Club, Uniontown Country Club, and is a member of the Uniontown
Masonic Lodge, Knights Templars and Pennsylvania
Consistory S. P. R. S. 32, at Pittsburgh. Mr. Semans
stands very high in the estimation of his many friends.
GEORGE CARSON
SMITH-Farmer lad, college student, governor's private secretary and law student, railway manager, one
of the chief lieutenants of
the manifold Westinghouse
interests-these are steps in
the career of George Carson Smith, of Pittsburgh,
that have made him one of
the ablest business men of
America.  While his early
life on the farm and in the
country school strengthened
those habits of industry,
perseverance, t h r i f t and
morality that have g i v e n
stanchness of character as a
man anlong men, these qualities were given himn by inheritance. He was born at
Granville, N. Y., March 4,
I855, the son of Harvey
James and Olivia Cordelia
(W\hite)  Smith, and  descendant of Elizur Smith,
his great-grandfather, who settled at Hartford, Conn.,
late in the eighteenth century, afterward removing to
Washington County, N. Y. The Rev. George Smith,
son of Elizur, was for years a leading clergyman in the
Methodist church, while his son, Harvey J. Smith, was
a merchant and farmer.
Mr. Smith was graduated from Adrian College in
Michigan in I877, taking service the same year as private secretary to the Hon. Charles M. Croswell, governor
of Michigan, remaining in this capacity four years and
studying the law, which he intended to make his life
work. A more attractive field appearing for him in railroading, however, he accepted a position as secretary
to the general manager of the Texas  Paclhc and International  Great Northern Railways. His service
was of such a valuable nature that he was advanced rapidly, and at the end of eight years was appointed to the
responsible office of assistant to the vice-president of the
Missouri Pacific Railway. From I89I to I894 he served
as assistant general manager of that system and as general manager of the Kansas City, Wyandotte  Northwestern Railway. The following six years he was president of the Atlanta  West Point Railroad, and the
Western Railway of Alabama, and afterward became
general manager of the St. Louis-Louisville lines of the
Southern Railway.
This notable record in railroad management could not
escape attention of princes
of industry, among whom
is  George  Westinghouse.
The latter called Mr. Smith
in IgoI to the vice-presidency of the Security Investment Company in Pittsburgh, of which company
Mr. Westinghouse is president. Mr. Smith soon manifested qualities that showed
him a man well chosen, and
Mr. Westinghouse has since
made him one of his chief
lieutenants in the management and direction of his
vast enterprises.
In addition to this office
with the Security Investment Company, Mr. Smith
is president of the Westinghouse inter-works railways,
director of the Westinghouse Air-brake Company,
the Westinghouse Electric
 Manufacturing Co., the
Union Switch  Signal Co.,
Westinghouse, C h u r c h,
Kerr  Co., and other Westinghouse corporations. He
is president of the Lackawanna  Wyoming Valley
Rapid Transit Co. and Grand Rapids, Grand Haven 
Muskegon Railway Co., vice-president of the Electric
Properties Company of New York, and of the East
Pittsburgh Improvement Company in Pittsburgh.
ROBERT E. STONE-One of McKeesport's representative business men is Robert E. Stone, president
of the R. E. Stone Company, furniture dealers of 412
Market Street. He was born at Brownsville, Pa., in
I86T. His father, Robert S. Stone, is a manufacturer
of ink. Both parents came from Virginia.
The subject of this sketch received his education in
GEORGE C. SMITHthe schools of his native town. As a boy he sold newspapers in Pittsburgh, afterwards serving as apprentice
in a sign painting establishment, and worked at that
trade for eight years. In 1885 he began his present furniture business in a very small way in McKeesport,
which by his native ability and perseverance he has
worked up to its present immense capacity, doing a
business of at least one-quarter of a million dollars per
annum.  The firm  is known all over Pennsylvania as
"Stones for Soft Beds."  A branch store is located at
Uniontown, Pa.
Mr. Stone is also vice-president of the D. L. Clark
Company, and of the Purity Drug Stores Comnpany;
treasurer of the Masonic
Hall Association of McKeesport; trustee in the B. P. O.
E. I36, and a director in the
Peoples' Bank, the Realty
Company, the Voucher
Cigar Company, the G. C.
Murphy Company, the Watson Paint  Glass Co., the
McKeesport  Port View
Bridge Co., and the Peoples'
Ice, Light  Storage Co.
J. V. THOMPSONMaking good in a position
of national importance, it
might be proved by statisticians or historians, infrequently requires in an individual more initiative, application or intelligence than is
necessary to attain renown
in a small community. It
might be found that a justice of the United States Supreme Court knows no more
law nor is abler judicially
than a number of judges in
county courts unknown outside their own bailiwicks. Rockefeller became a national
figure because he devoted his energies to building up a
business destined to be national in its scope. Similarly
Pittsburghers became famous through steel.  In banks
the big bankers of New York City have become known
to newspaper readers throughout the United States, a
great deal because they are doing business in the nation's
largest city.
Josiah Vankirk Thompson, banker and capitalist
at Uniontown, the thriving county seat of Fayette
County, Pennsylvania, is a man who has done things
no less great than those accomplished by men who are
constantly in the public eye among people of the whole
country.
Listen to some of the achievements of J. V. Thompson-then see if you do not believe that his would be a
household name from one end of the nation to the other,
had he elected originally to apply his energies as a citizen
of New York City instead of Uniontown, Pa.
At the outset it should be pointed out that Mr.
Thompson, who needs no introduction to Pittsburghers,
is a national figure in banking and coal circles.  In
Uniontown and Fayette County his name is synonymous
with mention of either, while he was made a popularly
known figure throughout Pennsylvania by the efforts of
enthusiastic friends and admirers to have him named the
Republican candidate for governor in I9o6.
Returning to the record
of his accomlplishments, this,
in a small way, might be
summarized as f o 11 o w s:
When J. V. Thompson was
35 years old, his father died
and left him a cashiership in
a bank and $Ioo,ooo. He
immediately gave the entire
$ioo,ooo to Washington and
J e f f e r s o n College, from
w h i c h he graduated, and
started to build his own future on his record as a bank
cashier.  At 54 years, in
I9o8, he was worth approximnately $I5,ooo,ooo, was the
largest individual holder of
coal lands in the United
States. His bank, the First
National of Uniontown, of
which he is president, led the
honor roll of the entire 6,288
national banks in the United
States in I907. Not an official or employee of this bank
is under bond, the bank never
pays interest on deposits, and
never charges more than six
per cent. interest on loans. Now, though well over the
half-century mark in life, Mr. Thompson can work two
full days and nights without sleep, and frequently works
a week with less sleep than an ordinary person gets each
day. His enormous correspondence he attends to entirely
himself without the aid of a stenographer.
Mr. Thompson was born February I5, 1854, in Menallen Township, Fayette County, Pa., his father being
Jasper Markle Thompson, farmer and banker, ancld his
mother, Eliza Caruthers Thompson. To give the early
history of the family is to explain the sturdy frame, indomitable will, perseverance, intelligence  and  foresightedclness which make J. V. Thompson a man conspicuous among men.
R. E. STONEHis family were all early residents of Pennsylvania,
settling here between I703 and I 750. They were ScotchIrish in all lines but two, these latter being French
Huguenots and Dutch from Amsterdam. Mr. Thompson's great-grandfather, William Thompson, was in the
Revolutionary war throughout that struggle, and fought
in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Trenton,
Princeton, and was at Yorktown when Cornwallis surrendered. He was one of General Washington's efficient scouts. The younger Thompson, too, had a look in
on the terrors of war, for he spent one whole night
moulding bullets when the raid from Morgantown was
threatened by the rebels in the days of the Civil War.
Essentially a farmer in
early life, Mr. Thompson
then developed the powerful
physique which was to be
such a salutary aid to his
mental activities in afterlife. His first schooling was
in a one-room county school
house a mile from his father's home, necessitating a
two-mile walk each day.
Later he attended Madison
College, Uniontown, and in
June, I87I, when but 17
years old, graduated from
Washington and Jefferson
College. The younger
Thompson had learned to
love the farm life, had become an efficient ploughman, and was loathe to quit
when his father called him
to Uniontown to take a position in the bank and begin
the career which was to be
so fruitful of important results.
Mr. Thompson entered
his father's bank as clerk in
November, I871; was made
teller April 3, 1872; cashier June 5, 1877, and president
in March, I889.
The bank was organized in the early fifties by John
T. Hogg, a financier of Fayette County, who at the
same time inaugurated a string of private banks covering a number of small localities. In I854 the Uniontown bank was formed, occupying a space in the Tremont Building, Main and Morgantown Streets, which
wouldn't now be half large enough for the president's
private office. Later the bank passed into the control of
Isaac Skiles, a pronminent merchant of Uniontown, was
made a side issue to his store, remaining in that location until May, I864, when it was moved to the north
side of Main Street, west of Pittsburgh Street, adjoining a building known as the "round corner."  It was
next moved to the "round corner," on the site of which
an eleven-story building, which houses the bank and
retains the outlines of round corner, now stands.
An eleven-story building in a city which, counting
the suburbs, does not boast more than 20,000 population! Yes, and this building is a shining example of J.
V. Tholnpson's foresightedness and courage to carry out
an idea when practically alone in the belief that it is
feasible.  When he induced the bank directors to approve the proposed building, Uniontown people dubbed
it "Thompson's folly." Did this fease J. V.? Not much.
He not only built an elevenstory sky-scraper, but built
it upon the most approved
plans and made the equipment the most m o d e r n
known at that time. An example of the thoroughness
of the equipment is that the
safety deposit vault is an
exact duplicate of the one in
Frick Building, Pittsburgh,
considered the most expensive and nearest perfect
office building in the world.
If people thought Mr.
Thompson erected this great
structure just to be contrary
or to "show off" they had
a wrong impression of the
man. He always maintained
that as the bank was built
up by Uniontown people the
citizens of that city should
be considered first in its investments. What better way
to invest in home industry
than build a structure that
would be an object of pride
and a source of utility for
the people of his home city.
At Oak Hill, near Uniontown, Mr. Thompson maintains a fine residence surrounded by acres of land. Here
he spends many a pleasant hour with his wife and sonswhen they can drag him away from business. He was
married December I, I879, to Mary Anderson, at Geneseo, Ill., two sons being born, one of which, Andrew A.
Thompson, is a member of the legislature.  John R.
Thompson, the other son, superintends his father's estate.
Mr. Thompson married B. A. Hawes August I, 1903,
in New York City. She is a fine horsewoman, a devotee of art and a general all around brightening addition to the grand Thompson home.
Little space has been given to Mr. Thompson's imJOSIAH V. THOMPSONT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I 3 7
holders. Here again he was responsible for a large number of advantageous changes and improvements, and
affected what might practically be called a complete reorganization of the company, its system, lines, etc., and
improving the service rendered to the public in every
way. He held his interests in this company, and continued in active charge of its affairs until about ten years
ago, when he sold out his holdings to the Consolidlated
Traction Company of Pittsburgh, which concern was
merging the various street railway holdings of the city,
later becomning what is now the Pittsburgh Railways
Company.
While Mr. Verner was actively interested in the
Pittsbtirgh  Birmningham Traction Co., of which concern he was electedl presiclent upon the conrapletion of the
construction work on the line, he was also actively iclentified with a number of the most prominent financiers of
Cleveland, who hacl interests in a numnber of new lines
tllat were being projectecl along the Ohio River in Allegheny ancl Beaver Counties. He was a promninent figure
in the financing ancl construction of all of these lines, a
system1 that is now one of the finest in this part of the
State, and which will ultimnately be a portioli of the im1mnense traction systemn that is plannecl to connect Pittsburgh w,ith Cleveland and otlher northern Ohio cities ancl
towns.
After clisposing of his interests in the Pittsburgh 
Birmingham Traction Co., Mr. Verner becamne successively interested in traction lines at Norfolk, Va.,
Youngstown, O., and Indianapolis, Ind., and in all of
these undertakings he was as successful as he had been
in his former undertakings in the same line.  For a
number of years he was the president of the Pennsylvania  Mahoning Valley Street Railway Co. of Youngstown, Ohio, and was actively engaged in the m1anagement of the affairs of this company at the time that concern was taken over by the Mahoning  Shenango Railway  Light Co. When this merger had been completed, Mr. Verner was made chairman of the executive committee of the combination of interests and remained a leading power in the guidance of the affairs
of what is one of the largest electric railway and power
interests of the Pittsburgh district.
Mr. Verner has also been prominently identified with
traction interests of several leading cities in New York
State, and f or a number of years was the general manager and acting head of the Rochester Street Railway
Syndicate, being instrumental in placing that concern
on a paying basis after the company had been the victim
of a number of financial reverses. This company has
to-day one of the best paying systems in this part of the
country, and during the past f ew years has been extending its lines at a marvelously rapid rate.
Another large enterprise that Mr. Verner has been
particularly prominent in is the consolidation of the
various electric railway interests of Buffalo, N. Y., which
mense dealings in coal lands, but so vast are these that
his wonderful memory would be sorely taxed to detail
his numerous deals. He has bought and sold most of
the coking coal deposits of Fayette County and still holds
much of this land. He owns an immense acreage in
Greene County, has extensive holdings in Washington
County and West Virginia, and recently invaded Allegheny County. An idea of his operations may be gained
by the announcement that he recently closed a coal land
deal involving $3,ooo,ooo. Among men who have
studied coal conditions it is common to hear Mr. Thompson referred to as the coke king of the not far distant
future.
Mr. Thonpson- never clrank intoxicating liquors in
his lif e, and will not have a man in his employ who
drinks or smokes. His bank employees are the best paid
in the country.
MURRAY A. VERNER-There is probably no
single man in the entire United States whd has been so
prominent and successful in the promotion, organization
and management of electric street railway lines than the
subject of this sketch.
While Mr. Verner is a native Pittsburgher, having
been born and raised he has not by any
means confinecl his operations to this city and imrnecliate
vicinity. He is as well ancl favorably known in a clozein
countries of Eiurope as he is in Amnerica, havinu been
interested in the constr-uction of large ancl imnportant
lines in England, Germnany, France, Chaina ancl Russia.
And in this country he has prozmoed and onstrtuctecl
several of the largest and most important lines and systems that are in active operation to-say. He has mnade
this line of business a specialty, which has, with the
remrkable success he has attained in his many projects,
given him the enviable reptitation he enj'oys and haas
enijoyed amnong business and street railway men for many
years.
Mr. Verner was born in Pittsburgh in 1852, and
after having received a common-school education, accepted his first position, which was in the receivers'
offices of the Citizens' Passenger Railway Com'pany, of
Pittsburgh. His close application to his business, ancl
the interest he took in protecting the interests of his emnployers were responsible for his receiving several - wellmerited prozmotions, tintil in I876 he was macle superintencdnt of the entire lines of the company. His success then became even more marked, ancl he was responsible for the establishment of a large number of
important changes in the lines and equipment of the
In I890 Mr. Verner took another important step forward and became general manager of the entire systemiof the Pittsburgh  Birmingham Traction Co., and in
the succeeding years accumulatecl a large interest in that
comnpany, becoming one of the largest ancl heaviest stockUniontown, Connellsville, Greensburg, Latrobe, Jeannette, Wilmerding, Kensington, Vandergrift, Kittanning,
Johnstown, Altoona, Titusville, Franklin, Meadville, Oil
City, Scottdale, Cannonsburg, Monessen, Donora, Monongahela, Duquesne, Braddock, Homestead, McKeesport,
McKees Rocks, Tarentum, Sharpsburg, Carnegie, Aliquippa, Red Bank, Du Bois, Ridgway, Punxsutawney,
New Castle, Sharon, Beaver, Beaver Falls, New
Brighton, Ambridge, Rochester, Waynesburg, Koppel,
and Clairton, all and many more on the western slope
of the Alleghenies in Pennsylvania, while in eastern Ohio
are such cities as Youngstown, Warren, Niles, Girard,
Ravenna, Lisbon, East Liverpool, Wellsville, Salem,
Steubenville, Mingo, Brilliant, Martin's Ferry, Bridgeport, Bellaire, Cambridge, Barnesville, Cadiz, Canton,
Massillon, Akron, Wooster, Ashtabula, and scores of
others. West Virginia, from the Great Kanawha to the
sources of the Ohio, is closely affiliated with the interests
of Pittsburgh, and
the feeling is daily
becoming   warmer.
Only those cities and
towns of immediate
daily contact are
given in this partial
and imperfect inventory of next-door
neighbors. They are
not neighbors w h o
receive only. They
are those who give,
and give largely as
well. All of them
are making the
t h i n g s that Pittsburgh makes. All
of themn have their
big mills and factories and turn out their big products.
Intimacy, therefore, is not difficult of deduction.  It is
inevitable. It is invaluable. Hence the interdependence.
Individually each of these neighbors is interesting.
It is interesting in its municipal, manufacturing, commercial, financial, enterprising, and social relations. In each
of these it is distinctive.  In most of them the aimn has
been to keep them  abreast each other.  Some of them
are so new that this effort has not been entirely satisfactory, but in all of them measurably so. The sense of
responsibility is present, and this being true the rest is
a matter of detail. It has been said that in the older day
it took a "thousand years to form  a state."  It is also
said that to-day "states are born with rights the Romans
never knew."  It is also true of cities. Composite conditions of the personnel of population make the foundcling
of municipalities along up-to-date lines well nigh impossible. Babel is accused of scattering the peoples and twisting their tongues. These peoples seem to be our legacy,
and in performance of the trust it is upon us to collect
them all and straighten their tongues. The work is going
on. It is still formative, but the hilltops of a cosmopolitan, comfortable civilization are showing against the
horizon of hope. At this time these people are used as
filling-in, and it is in this capacity that they are making
the cities bulge and the towns big.  It has been a circuitous route for them, but their new  garments have
been woven.
Johnstown is the largest of the cities that have interests identical with Pittsburgh's. In I890o this city had
a population of 21,805. Ten years later its inhabitants
numbered 35,956, or about 66 per cent. increase. Johnstown, like Pittsburgh, lies within and without on this
side and on that side of three rivers. Unlike Pittsburgh,
however, its rivers have been of no commercial value.
It is true that they furnish sufficient for domestic and
power purposes, but the demands have not been drastic
in these particulars.
It is good water for
the use it is put to,
and the present supply will likely answer until it is complemented by that of
Pittsburgh not so
many years hence.
The  mountain's
tower above the city,
giving it a charming
setting  that is  at
once beautiful a n d
striking. Southward
stretches the Stony
Creek River to its
source in Somerset
County, and beside
it for miles the Somerset and Camnbria branch of
the Baltimnore and Ohio Railroad finds its way to
the Pittsburgh Division at Rockwood. East and west
near the tortuous bed of the Conemaugh, the great
Pennsylvania Railroad has literally cut its roadway
in the rocks.  This same Conemaugh nearly two decades ago sprang fromn its bed, swept Johnstown almost from the earth and tossed the rails, ties and rolling
stock of the railroad company up and down the mountain
side as if they were feathers. The city and the corporation came from the flood bent, but not broken. The city,
bereaved of a large proportion of its people, immediately
took steps to extend its lines and increase its population.
To-day scarcely anything but memory and the graves
on the hill recall the visitation. It is a substantial, enterprising, progressive city with nearly one hundred mills
and factories, of which 31 belong to individuals, 24 to
firms, and the remainder to corporations. These establishnients have an aggregate capital of $59,588,552.
ALLEGHENY RIVER, KITTANNING IN THE DISTANCE- Ily -
became known as the Buffalo Street Railway Company,
and which concern operates one of the most extensive
interurban electric systems in New York State. This
company elected him vice-president and general manager of the system, of which he took active charge.
Several years ago Mr. Verner applied for franchises
for an extensive street railway system to be built on the
American system in St. Petersburg, Russia, and after
a hard and bitter fight he was finally successful in receiving the grant of these privileges and right-of-way
through all of the principal streets. It was planned to
build this road according to the plans of American engineers, using equipment, rails, etc.
WILLIAM WITHEROW -William Witherow,
like many other prominent western Pennsylvania residents, is of Scotch-Irish descent, having, been born near
Londonderry, Ireland, in 1843, the son of James and
Esther P. Witherow.
Mr. Witherow was educated in the Allegheny public schools and served as clerk f or the P. R. R., as bookkeeper of a leading dry-goods establishment, bookkeeper in a bank, and as clerk in the office of the Sheriff
of Allegheny County. Later he was proprietor of the
Hotel Duquesne from I888 to I9o6. He was president
of Third ward School Board, Allegheny, for several
years; treasurer of Allegheny County during 1882,
1883 and 1884. In I892 he was chosen a representative
to the Republican National Convention which met at
Minneapolis. In I896 he was chosen elector-at-large on
the Republican ticket. In January, 1897, when the State
electoral college met, he was elected by the college as
messenger to deliver the vote to the vice-president at
Washington. In I900 he was again a delegate to the
National Convention.
Mr. Witherow is vice-president of the Second
National Bank of Allegheny, director of the Keystone
National Bank of Pittsburgh, director of the National
Union Fire Insurance Company, of Pittsburgh, director
of the Allegheny General Hospital, and largely interested in coal properties and in real estate in the cities
of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and in the county of Allegheny, and interested in steel corporations and natural
gas companies.
JAMES FLEMING WOODWARD--James Fleming Woodward was born February I9, I868, at New
Brighton, Beaver County, Pennsylvania.  He  is  of
Scotch-Irish descent, his father's people having emigrated from England with John Fox, a follower of
William Penn; his paternal grandmother, Keziah Henry,
was - a progeny of the Scottish clan Campbell. His
mother's people emigrated in I800 from the north of
Ireland.
James Fleming Woodward was educated in the public schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny and the Western
S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S 13 U R G H
I38 T H E
University. He made his first attempt at business as
an errand boy, then as machinist for the Fort Wayne
Railroad, then as clerk in the County Commissioner's
office, then State time keeper at Johnstown after the
flood, then bookkeeper and clerk at the West Penn
Hospital, and- later superintendent of the McKeesport
Hospital, McKeesport, Pa., which position he holds at
present.
He is a director in the McKeesport Realty Company;
president of the McKeesport and Port Vue Street Railway Company; vice-president of the Imperial Assurance
Company of Pittsburgh, and a member of the Chamber
of Commerce, McKeesport, Pa.
He has been chairman or vice-president of a number
of important political committees; was elected a member of the State Legislature in I905, with a majority
of 9,240 over the Democratic candidate, and participated
in the session in which the bill for Greater Pittsburgh
was passed.
He is a member of a number of clubs, besides being
a Scottish Rite Mason, 32d degree, a Knight Templar
and Knight of Pythias.
REV. SAMUEL EDWARD YOUNG-The Rev.
Samuel Edward Young was born June 6, I866, at Deep
Cut, Auglaize County, Ohio. He is the son o f the Rev.
James Young and Rosanna McAvry Young. His greatgrandfather, Captain James Young, of Scotch-Irish
descent, was George Washington's wagon master general during the Revolution, and lived to be I09. His
grandfather fought in the war of I8I2 against the British, and his father, the Rev. James Young, organized
the eighty-first Ohio Volunteer regiment in the Civil
War and was chaplain. His mother's ancestors were
Scotch and English and related to the English nobility.
Samuel Edward Young was educated in the public
schools of High Point, Mo.; Westminster College, Fulton, Mo.; American Hebrew  Schools, Chicago; Princeton College and Theological Seminary, and the Union
Theological Seminary, New York.
In early days he did farm work, tutoring, etc., became pastor of Westminster Church, Asbury Park,
N. J., and founded there the auditorium services. Was
later pastor of Central Presbyterian Church of Newark,
N. J., and is now pastor of the Second Presbyterian
Church at Pittsburgh.
Mr. Young has been prominent in many notable
movements, such as chairman of the Christian Endeavor,
inauguration of park and theatre services in Pittsburgh,
anti-race track gambling fight in New Jersey, bill for
raising wages of Unitecl States life savers, chaplin
Actors' Church Alliance, pure milk and ice association,
trustee of Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa.; moderator of presbytery of Newark, N. J., and of Pittsburgh, etc. The record is one of undeviating usefulness
to mankind, and looking to the betterment of humanity.. I
P ILLARS of iron and steel support the prosperity
of Pittsburgh.
In the early part of the past century, though
this city and the surrounding district did not
pav much attention to the industry that is now so prominent, yet, by a series of coincidences, in the evolution
of trade, the force of circumstances exerted through
passing years have made Pittsburgh and its environs not
only famous for, but to a great degree dependent on,
the production and fabrication of iron and steel.
Within the city, and thickly scattered through the
stretch of country over which Pittsburgh exercises commercial suzerainty, are enterprises that represent, in their
great diversity, the scope and extent of modern steel
manufacturing. American energy and ingenuity, joined
to natural advantages, has enabled the United States to
eclipse every other nation in steel production. In Pittsburgh are the seats of the mighty in the steel trade.
Here has been developed astoundingly productive capacity. In the district have been evolved ways and means
that attain the present maximum of results at a minimum
of expense. Here has been obtained the richest experience. The growth of the steel industry has expanded
incalculably the wealth of the country. The prodigious
efforts put forth in this vicinity have accelerated appreciably the world's progress.
Of the iron ore mined in the United States, over 83
per cent. is denominated hematite. From the metamorphosed pre-Cambrian rocks of the Marquette, Menominee, Gogebic, Vermilion and Mesabi ranges of the Lake
Superior region comes the raw material that is so extensively utilized in the furnaces of the Pittsburgh district. The hematite ore of the Lake Superior district
is found in immense deposits. Capable of being worked
from the surface, susceptible of being excavated with a
steam shovel, the output of the mines mounts up into
hundreds of millions of tons. Of this, the cheapest and
most accessible iron ore in existence, by far the larger
proportion, transported by steamers across the lakes and
brought from Ohio ports by rail to Pittsburgh, is constructed our strength; from it is evolved, largely, our
industrial gains.
At the blast furnace the ore receives its first baptism
of fire. The structure of the modern American blast
furnace somewhat resembles in shape a common glass
lamp chimney. The cylindrical base is called the hearth,
the bellying portion next above is the bosh, the conical
section on top of that is the stack; the general construction is, so nearly as is possible, a "fire-proof" masonry
lining within a steel shell; a water jacket surrounds the
hearth to keep it cool; air is supplied by tuyeres drawing
from a circular blast main; at the top is a charging hopper closed by a conical door. From the top the gases,
released in the furnace, pass down to the stoves for
heating the blast. Blast pressure is supplied by blowing
engines which draw in cold air and discharge it into the
hot-blast stove, from whence it is forced through the
blast mains and tuyeres into the furnace. The furnace
is charged by means of a car carrying a suspended skip,
which is hauled up an incline to the top of the furnace
and there the contents of the car are tilted into the charging hopper. In operation a blast furnace is charged with
alternate layers of ore, limestone and coke. At a temperature of 200 degrees Centigrade, the iron ore slowly
begins to lose oxygen. As the temperature rises and the
materials descend in the furnace the reduction becomes
more rapid. At 600 degrees Centigrade, the limestone
decomposes, forming quicklime and liberating carbon
139
American Energy and Ingenuity Joined to Unrivalled
Natural Advantages Cause Pittsburgh, so Productive in Industrial Success, to be Aptly Termed the " World's Anvil"dioxide, part of which takes up carbon from the fuel,
producing  carbon monoxide.  When the charge has
passed through about 30 feet of the stack it has been
deoxidized and consists of lumps of spongy iron side by
side with pieces of coke and quicklime. The descent of
the charge continues for about 40 feet without much
change until a temperature sufficient for the formation of
slag has been reached, when the silica and other bases
combine with the lime to produce slag. The charge then
melts and runs down into the hearth. Below the level of
the tuyeres it collects in two layers, the molten iron at
the bottom and the liquid slag on top. Next the furnace
is tapped.  First the slag is drawn off and then flows
forth the molten metal. Often slag is run to waste, but
somnetimes it is preserved and submitted to treatment
which enables it to be utilized as road metal, railway
ballast, slag bricks, slag wool, and as a constituent of
hydraulic cement. But
s 1 a g, whatever u s e
may be made of it, is
o n 1 y a n incidental
product; the essential
thing is to secure the
molten iron in suitable formn for use.
One way to do this is
to run the molten iron
into molds which produce ingots or bars
called pigs. Formerly
the casting was done
entirely in sand molds
formed on the casting floor, but more recently have been
brought into use casting machines, some of
which are capable of
delivering upwards of 20 pigs, each weighing I Io pounds,
per minute. Another practice is to take the molten metal
directly to the steel furnaces.
Varying somewhat according to size, equipment and
location, the approximate cost of the most approved
type of a modern blast furnace is nearly one million
dollars. Some recently erected furnaces have a capacity
of over 500 tons of pig iron a day. Notably associated
with improvements that greatly increase and cheapen
blast furnace production were E. C. Cowper, an Englishman, and Whitewell and Julian Kennedy, of Pittsburgh.
The Pittsburgh district has the advantage of the superiority, as a fuel for blast furnace use, of Connellsville
coke.
By the removal of its impurities, chiefly silicon, manganese, phosphorus and carbon, cast iron' is usually transformed into wrought iron by the puddling process.
Though puddling furnaces vary considerably in size and
form, though numerous changes and improvements have
been made in their construction, puddling is the one thing
in the iron business, apparently, that needs must be done
largely by hand.  Puddling machines have been tried
frequently, but none so far have proved very successful.
The plates of the puddling furnace are covered with
oxidizing material a few inches deep; this is heated until
it is partly fused, then slag is shoveled in and the pig
iron to be treated is placed on a couch of slag.  The
furnace having been charged, the door is closed and
made, so nearly as possible, air-tight by banking it with
cinders. Heating is continued until the iron is red-hot.
Then the door is opened, and a workman with a bar
pokes and stirs the melting metal.  After the iron is
melted clown, with a hooked bar the puddler agitates
and stirs the molten mass, until, to the experienced eye of
the skilled workman, it is apparent that the silicon has
been expelled. Next
the temperature is reduced, but the stirring
vigorously continues.
The  metal  and
cinder become thoroughly  mingled. Part
of the slag flows off
and the metallic iron
and the residue of the
slag form a porous
cake.  The  puddler
breaks up the cakes,
and by manipulating
themn  with  the  bar
forms the pieces into
balls. The crude puddle ball drawn from
the furnace is composed of innumerable
globules of pure iron,
the interstices between which are filled with slag.
The balls are hammered or squeezed to remove the
slag.  Much of this slag is removed by squeezing, and
each subsequent working removes a further qutiantity, but
it is never quite all eliminated. The piece of iron made
in the first rolling is known as a muck bar. To make
merchant iron, several of these muck bars are bundled
in "piles" so as to give a "bloom" of proper sectional
area, and after being brought to a welding heat are rolled
into the shape desired.
The most common method of making crucible steel
is to place powdered charcoal and crude bar iron in the
crucible, the iron absorbing the carbon very rapidly when
reduced to a molten state. Crucible steel belongs to the
class known as high-carbon steel and is generally used
for the better quality of edged tools, springs and like
articles.
Steel for most purposes is made either by the BesMODERN STEEL FURNACESsemer or the open-hearth process, the Bessemer being the
older, and the open-hearth the newer process.
The central feature of the plant for making Bessemer
steel is the converter. This is a jug-shaped vessel, frequently of ten gross tons capacity, lined with refractory
material.  The lining is about one foot thick and is, for
the acid process, of siliceous composition or stone; for
the basic process, a lining of dolomite or limestone is
used. The vessel is mounted on a horizontal axis, consisting of two hollow gudgeons through which the air
blast enters the converter.  An automatic valve shuts
off the air when the converter is turned on its side, and
admits it when the vessel stands upright. The blast supplied by the blowing engine keeps the pressure at from
25 to 30 pounds per square inch. The converter can be
rotated from a vertical to a horizontal position and back
again in either direction.  The converter is placed in a
horizontal position. Into it, either from cupolas or huge
1 a d 1 e s operated by
power, a charge of
molten pig iron is
poured.  A touch on
a button causes the
converter to become
vertical. The blast is
turned on automatically. For from six
to ten minutes the
blowing continues; the
converter sputters and
spits  flame.  The
c h e m1 i cal reactions
which take place in
the converter differ
according to whether
the vessel is acid or
basic-lined.  W h e n
air is blown through
molten pig iron  in a Bessemer converter the first
element to be elilninated is silicon.  Then  all but
one-half of one per cent. of the carbon burns. UJp
to the point where the carbon has been reduced to
0.05 per cent., the reactions of the acid and the basic
process are the same.  Practically, at this juncture,
neither the phosphorus nor the sulphur in the pig iron
have altered.  But after the reduction of the carbon,
the phosphorus seizes the oxygen as did the silicon and
carbon; the phosphoric acid unites with the lime, which
in the basic process is added to the molten metal at the
beginning of the blow. When the decarbonization and
dephosphorization have been effected, comes the process
of recarbonization, which consists, by the use of spiegeleisen or ferromanganese, in adding carbon and manganese to the molten metal. The manganese promotes the
removal of the sulphur with the slag.  In six minutes
in the converter can be made ten tons of steel. Even at
the rate of a ton a minute, compared with old-time
mnethods, the work accomplished by the converter may
be accounted rather rapid production.
In the open-hearth process of steel making, pig iron,
mixed with a quantity of wrought iron or steel scrap,
is exposed to the direct action of flame in a regenerative
gas furnace.  Though the problem  of eliminating the
excess silicon, manganese, carbon, phosphorus and sulphur from the crude iron is practically the same as in
the Bessemer process, the solution is different. As in the
Bessemer method, the open-hearth process is divided
into an acid process and a basic process.  In the acid
process the hearth of the melting furnace is lined with
sand and the slag is siliceous; in the basic process a basic
lining and basic slag are used.  In the open-hearth
process, samples of the molten metal are taken from the
furnace at intervals, cast into bars and broken; by looking
at the fracture, an expert can tell accurately the carbon
content of the metal;
when the desired
amount of carbon, as
shown by test, has
been attained, the recarburizer, ferromatnganese, with a large
excess of manganese.
is added in a solid
s t a t e. The Talbot
process, an important
modification o f t h e
open hearth, provides
for working the furnace continuously, by
tapping off a portion
of the molten charge
at short intervals, immediately charging an
equivalent of pig iron,
and again tapping.  This process is of recognized value.
By the open-hearth process, so it is asserted, highcarbon steel of a more uniform  quality can be obtained
than by the Bessemer methods.  The Bessemer process
is said to be practically without a rival for the production
of steel rails, but for structural steel, ship's plates and
steel for castings, the open-hearth product is preferred.
Armor plate is usually made by special or secret
processes which the manufacturers guard most carefully.
The non-secret part of the work consists in taking an
ingot of open-hearth steel (to which in the casting has
been added nearly four per cent. of nickel) of about
twice the weight of the finished plate desired; after cooling, the ingot is stripped, reheated and forged to nearly
the required thickness.  After forging, the upper. end
of the plate is cut off and the remainder, with its sides
well protected with refractory materials and its face covered with a carbonizing mixture, is placed in a HarveyROLLING A TERNE PLATEizing furnace and left to "soak" at a high temperature
for several days. When the carbon has penetrated sufficiently into its face, the plate is taken from the furnace
and given a secondary forging.  Then comes the trimming operation and the face of the plate is cleaned.
Again the plate is heated and its surface is chilled with
a spray of cold water. If the plate is to be curved or
bent, this is done on the press, "after carbonizing, but
before the final heating for hardening the face."
In the United States, armor plate is manufactured
by but two companies.  The amount made is regulated
by the number of naval vessels that may be building.
Needless to say, the armor plate made under government
contracts is most rigidly inspected.  The armor plates
for the recently constructed battleships were declared
to be unusually satisfactory.
For the manufacture of steel pipes or tubes, billets
or slabs of Bessemer
steel are run through
successive p a i r s o f
rolls until thev are reduced to a long strip,
varying in width, according to the size of
t h e t u b e required,
from  one  and  onehalf inches to  eight
feet.  In lap welding,
the strip is laid on a
traveling table and its
edges are scarfed or
beveled.   This  partially  made  pipe,
known  as skelp, is
brought to welding
heat in a gas-fired
furnace  and then
passed  through  the
concave welding rolls,
between which is a ball-shapecd mandrel, the diameter of
which is equal to that of the pipe. As the skelp passes
through the welding rolls, the overlapping edges are
squeezed together between the rolls and the mandrel, and
a perfect weld is formed.  Through the sizing rolls to
be brought to the exact diameter, through the cross
straightening rolls to be made straight, manipulated on
the cooling table to prevent warping, forced through the
dies of the straightener by hydraulic pressure, it is
trimmed and threaded, and the pipe is complete.
In butt welding, the edges of the skelp are left square;
at a welding heat, the skelp is drawn through a bellshaped die, the diameter of which is a little less than
that of the skelp; by the pressure obtained a perfect weld
is secured. The larger lap-welded pipes are usually supplied with flanges welded on by hammering.  Some of
the smaller sizes of steel pipe have the strength to withstand a pressure of from  6oo to I,500 pounds to the
square inch. Oil-well piping is tested under pressure so
high as 2,500 pounds to the sqtuare inch. In the Pittsburgh district is located the world's greatest steel tube
industry.
"Structural shapes," in which are included a great
variety of columns, beams, girders, I-beams, Z-bars, eyebars, angle irons, T-irons, channel irons and the like,
used in the construction of modern buildings and bridges,
are rolled from open-hearth basic steel of three grades:
rivet steel, with an ultimate strength ranging fronm 48,000
to 58,000 pounds; soft steel, from  52,000 to 62,000
pounds, and medium steel, from 60,000 to 70,000 pounds
and upwards.  The elastic limit generally required is
not less than one-half of the ultimate strength, and the
test pieces must be capable of being bent over through an
angle of I8o degrees without fracture.
Freoim the "soaking pits," material for
steel rails is taken to
t h e blooming m i 11.
Passed through th e
rolls seven times, the
ingot is redtduced to a
section varying in size
according to the desired  rail.  The section of the ordinary
rail is about nine and
one-fourth   i n c h e s
square, and an ingot
when  rolled  to  that
section  attains  a
1 e n gt h of approximately  i 5  feet; cut
into two or three
lengths, the pieces are
called  blooms; after
being heated in the
bloom  furnace, the pieces pass to the rail mill.  There
they are put through three sets of rollers, the roughing
rolls, the  intermediate  rolls  and  the  finishing  rolls.
Through the first set it is passed five times, then, without
being reheated, it is sent five times throtigh the intermediate rolls, which reduce it closely to the desired shape.
If the rail is of a lighter variety it is then subjected to
the action of the finishing rolls and finished on a single
heat with satisfactory results. Btit if the rail is of the
heavier class, weighing 8o pounds per linear yard or
upwards, it rests for a short time on the cooling table
and is handled by the finishing rolls at a lower temperature, thus giving a much better quality of metal, especially in the head of the rail.  After being sawed into
lengths, usually of 30 feet, its subsequent passage through
the cambering rolls gives it sufficient camber to prevent
its warping while being cooled.  On emerging from  the.
FILLING A MOULD IN A STEEL MILLhot beds, it is straightened, chipped and filed.  In the
larger mills, such is the perfection of the machinery that
the operation from the ingot to the finished rail is practically continuous and almost autolmatic.
Again, to use an encyclopedic description, "the bulk
of the wire of commerce is made from  Bessemer steel
billets, while open-hearth billets are worked tip into rods
for the manufacture of chain, for special grades of wire
and  for  finished  products  requiring  great  tensile
strength."
In the rod mill the heated billet, 4 by 4 by 36 inches,
is reduced by the action of eight rolls to a rod threefourths of an inch square.  In the finishing mill ten
more passes through various rolls bring the rods down
to the required dimensions.  As the rods issue through
the last pair of rolls they are wound on drums and in
that condition taken to the wire mill.  Subjected to
processes of cleaning
and oxidization, eventually  the  rods  are
ready  to  be drawn.
Briefly, the  pointed
end of the rod is
placed in the tapering
hole in the die, and by
the revolutions of a
drum  is drawn cold
at considerable speed
through the hole in
the die. Then placed
in  annealing  p o t s,
carefully sealed, it is
exposed to a steady
heat for eight or nine
hours.  Of the product removed from the
annealing pots, a portion is ready for market without any further treatment, but much of the wire
made is converted into wire nails; and wire for different
purposes, of course, requires different subsequent treatment.
From wire coils, automatic machines clip off nail
lengths, and point and head the nail with marvelous
facility and unerring precision. The methods of manufacture now adopted have so cheapened wire nails as to
secure for this product almost complete possession of the
world's markets. With the exception of horse-shoe nails,
which to a large extent are made from  fine grades of
wrought iron, practically all nails are now made of mild
steel by machines.
The construction of tankage to contain the country's
oil production, combined with the building of the great
holders so essential to the distribution of illuminating
gas through the various cities, is a somewhat important
adjunct of the steel industry. The building of monster
oil tanks and capacious gas holders is a specialty of constructive engineering.  The builders of structures like
these usually have their own facilities for shaping and
finishing plates and adapting structural steel to the particular requirements of the contracts on which they are
engaged.  The largest and most successful contractors
in this line are located in Pittsburgh.
The fabrication of parts for agricultural implements
and machinery and the manufacture of wagon and carriage hardware, in the aggregate, utilizes an enormous
amount of steel.  The production of bolts and rivets is
another specialty of extensive proportions.  Car wheels,
car trucks and steel cars of various kinds, bulk conspicuously in the manufactured output of the Pittsburgh district.  Locomotive parts, boilers, engines of all descriptions, electrical appliances, mill and mine machinery,
scales, power transmission, factory equipnment, pumps,
and a thousand other
items of importance
made either of iron
or steel help to swell
the mighty  total of
local production. Especially in steel, Bessemer open-hearth and
crucible; in wire and
products of wire; in
steel rails; in structural 1 ate r ial for
steel bridges and
buildings; in tin and
terne plate; in steel
t u b e s; in numerous
other manufactures of
steel, the up-piled output of the Pittsburgh
t e r r i t o r-y contains
incontestable evidence
that the district excels, both in quantity and quality.
In and around Pittsburgh are clustered institutions
that exalted the present industrial supremacy of the
country.  Because of their productive  capacity, the
United States was enabled to wrest from European competitors about all the honors pertaining to the manufacture of steel.  Because of what has been accomplished
in the Pittsburgh district, Americans are credited with
achievements surpassing those of every other nation.
Not in one line only, nor even in two or three ways,
was this wonderful success secured.  In numerous divisions of the industry, in various forms of manufacturing,
are made more ample openings for additional triumphs.
Not in accumulated millions, not in increased capacity
procured by greater installations of efficient machinery,
not in tonnage added to record-breaking outputs, is discovered all the causes for congratulation.  Coincident
with the other production have been developed-men.
TWELVE-THOUSAND-TON HYDRAULIC FORGING PRESSThe stress of necessity, the pressure of events, the incentives offered to exploit opportunities, have brought out
inventive genius, business talent and executive ability.
In every department of steel manufacturing, in every
branch of the trade, men have advanced and fortunes
have been made. More than one individual has extracted
a competence from scrap piles.  Others, whose mission
was to discover new  markets, to extend business, as
brokers and selling agents, have established themselves
firmly in the high places of the comnmercial world. Numbers, who began at the bottom of the ladder, have climbed
quickly to the top.  Inconspicuous workmen in a few
years becaime superintendents of large plants and directors of great corporations.  So many notable rises the
world never saw  before.  Out of the iron and steel
history may be excerpted some of humanity's most interesting stories of success, and they read like romance.
The sto ry  is a
marvelous one.  But,
in all its details, it has,
perhaps, n e v e r had
full justice d o n e it,
although  t i m e and
a g a i n the gigantic
task has been attempted. In the space that
can be allotted to it in
the pages of the present volume even the
attempt would be, of
course, futile.  B u t
so me day a writer
of genius, united with
a man of affairs, familiar with every step
in the mighty advance
of this rolmantic history of iron and steel
in their relationship to Pittsburgh, the "Worlcl's Anvil,"
will startle the world with a record that is scarcely put to
the blush by that of the wonders accomplished by the
ancient demigods. Already this story of a titanic fairyland is sufficiently well known, even lacking an historian,
to make Pittsburgh one of the cities most intimately
familiar throughout the civilized world.
THE AMERICAN STEEL  WIRE CO.-For so
many purposes, where could be found an efficient substitute for wire?  Echo answers "nowhere."  The best
that science and experience can suggest is proclaimed in
the multiplied uses and ever increasing manufacture of
wire. In this country much is made of structural steel,
but does the average man realize that there are twice as
many millions in the wire industry?  Enormous is the
output of steel rails, yet, at the present rate of increase,
the nation's annual rail tonnage bids fair to be exceeded
by the weight of wire products. Of the millions of tons
of steel annually produced in the United States, fully a
tenth is manufactured into wire. The greater part of
the wondrously large wire product of America is the
output of one company. In wire manufacturing no
other concern can approach the achievements of the
colossal organization known as the American Steel 
Wire Co.
In size, capacity and efficiency of operation, the manufacturing establishments of the American Steel  Wire
Co. surpass everything the world has seen previously in
the form of facilities and appliances for wire production.
The names and locations of the company's principal
works are as follows:
Waukegan Works, Waukegan, Illinois; De Kalb
Works, De Kalb, Illinois; Bluff St. Works, Joliet, Illinois; Rockdale Works, Joliet, Illinois; Scott St. Works,
Joliet, Illinois; Anderson  Works, Anderson,  I n d i a n a;
American  WM o r k s,
Cleveland, Ohio;
Consolidated  Works,
Cle.veland, Ohio;
Newburgh W o r k s,
Cleveland, Ohio;
E ma Fur n a ce,
Clevelaind, Ohio;
C e n t r a 1 Furnaces,
Cleveland, Ohio;
H. P. Works, Cleveland, Ohio; Salem
Works, Salem, Ohio;
Neville Furnace, Neville Island, Pennsylvania; Allegheny Furnace, Allegheny,
Pennsylvania;
Shoenberger Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Rankin
WVorks, Rankin, Pennsylvania; Sharon Works, South
Sharon, Pennsylvania; Donora Works, Donora, Pennsylvania; Braddock Works, Braddock, Pennsylvania;
Allentown Works, Allentown, Pennsylvania; North
Works, Worcester, Massachusetts; Central Works,
Worcester, Massachusetts; South Works, Worcester,
Massachusetts; Troy Works, Breaker Island, New York;
Hamilton Works, Hamilton, Ontario; Pacific Works,
San Francisco, California; Cherryvale Works, Cherryvale, Kansas; Carondelet Works, Carondelet, Missouri-;
New Haven Works, New Haven, Connecticut.
The company has twelve blast furnaces, two Bessemer
steel works with four converters; three open-hearth steel
works with a total of seventeen furnaces; five blooming,
slabbing, billet and sheet-bar mills; three plate mills, six
merchant bar, hoop and cotton-tie mills; eleven works
with a total of seventeen rod mills; twenty wire mills;
CASTING A LARGE ARMOR PLATE INGOTT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I45
monstrated a tensile strength that withstood a strain
equal to 350,000 pounds to the square inch.
A platinum wire so fine as 0.00003 of an inch in
diameter has been obtained; 1,060 yards of this wire
weighed only three-fourths of a grain. Think of a wire,
a mile in length, that would be but a trifle heavier than
one grain of wheat. While a wire of this description
illustrates one of the possibilities of wire production,
it is with the ordinary wire of commerce that the American Steel  Wire Co. is chiefly concerned.
Having at various places advantageously located its
own blast furnaces, its Bessemer and its open-hearth
steel works-establishments that rank well among the
largest and best managed steel plants in the countrythe company provides itself with every assurance of exactness, with all (and precisely) the kinds of steel it
requires from which to fabricate its great variety of
wire products.
Following steel production comes the conversion of
the billets into rods which is a hot-rolled proposition and
the last process before being delivered to the wire-making processes. The billet measures 4 by 4 by 36 inches,
and so rapidly is this rolled into a rod about a quarter of
a mile long that it is accomplished in one heat. Emerging from the finishing rolls this rod is wound into coils
of convenient size that are ready for the mill.
There is a great fascination in being near a blast furnace in operation, but no less interesting is a visit to a
rod mill at night. The fiery serpent-like rods are guided
from one set of rolls to another by men quick of eye,
strong of arm, and stout of heart, until at last they have
reached the desired size and are coiled upon rapidly
revolving reels still glaring red and seemingly defiant at
those who started and then rushed them through the
different passes so speedily.
The men who are trained to catch the rods as they
dart at them, are so quick and so sure in their every
motion that an observer might confidently expect them to
handle live snakes in just such fashion.
In every well regulated and systematically conducted
business, men are to-day utilizing that which only a few
years ago was considered useless refuse. The United
States Steel Corporation has adopted  gas engines of
enormous power to drive the machinery in its new mills,
particularly those at Gary, Indiana. The fuel to be used
is the gases from their blast furnaces, which, until very
recently, polluted the atmosphere.
In the light of recent discoveries these gases are now
considered by the corporation to be a blessing instead
of a blight-which to hard-headed business men is another name for waste.
The American Steel  Wire Co. has never been lacking in shrewdness, and a lasting tribute to that fact is its
by-product sulphate of iron.
The first process in the wire mill is to dip the bundle
into a bath of sulphuric acid which takes off the rollingtwelve nail f actories; eleven barbed wire and f ence f actories; seventeen galvanizing departments; seven tinning
departments, and six foundries.
The above list does not include the cold-rolling departments at the American, Newburgh, North and Trenton works; the shafting department at Newburgh; the
horseshoe works at Shoenberger; the spring works at
South, Waukegan and Pacific; the rope works at South,
New Haven and Pacific; the electrical cable works at
South, and the zinc smelters at Cherryvale and Carondelet, the former having 4,800, and the latter 2,ooo retorts-.
In Egypt, in the dawn of ancient civilization, began
the history of wire manufacturing. In early timnes the
ductile metals were brought into the filamentous form,
first by hammering them into thin plates and then cutting
the plates into narrow strips, which afterwards were
rounded somewhat and roughed off by being rubbed
with sand. For, perhaps, three thousand years the crude
methods of the prehistoric smiths were but little improved upon; no other way of making wire was practiced or known.  Near the close of the I4th century,
in Nuremberg, Germany,, was devised a rude machine,
driven by water power, which made, after a fashion,
drawn wire. But no great amount of machine-drawn
wire was produced until after I865. In England, in
that year, commenced the development, on a larger scale,
of wire manfacturing. From Great Britain, however,
supremacy in wire production has departed. On this
side of the Atlantic is firmly established the sovereignty
over the world's wire trade. The one acknowledged
leader of the industry is the widely known American
Steel  Wire Co.
Time was when both wire and nails were manufactured almost entirely from wrought iron. To secure
the toughness and high tensile strength required, great
care had to be used in the preparation of the iron. The
cost of the product was proportionately high. But when
steel became the standard material, not only was the expense of production decreased, but a considerable gain
was made in tensile strength. While good black iron
wire will show an ultimate tensile strength of about 25
tons to the square inch, and bright hard-drawn iron wire
a strength of 35 tons to the square inch, Bessemer steel
wire will stand a strain of 40 tons, and open-hearth steel
wire of 60 tons to the inch. Of the special grades of wire,
high-carbon open-hearth steel will sustain about 80 tons,
crucible cast steel wire about Ioo tons, ancl the best cast
steel, sometimes callecl "plow" steel wire, is eqtual to a
strain of 120 tons. Yet in the attainmen-t of this tremendous strength, the limit  is not reached.  Certain
qualities of cast steel wire, "made under specifications
calling for a particular composition and requiring very
elaborate working," have been produced, showing an
ultimate breaking strength of I 70 tons to the square
inch. Tests of "plow" steel wire have repeatedly de146 \ T  H  E    S  T  O  R  Y    O  F    P  I T  T  S  B  UT R  G  II
mill scale. The bundle is then dipped into a bath of lime
water which neutralizes the acid. This is called the cleaning process. When the immersions weaken the acid it is
clrw converted into sulphate of iron,
which is extensively used as a germicide, also for the
eradication of farm weeds.  Sulphate of iron is used
for the purification of water at St. Louis, Cincinnati, Chicago (stock yards), and sixty other cities, while as an
eradicator of farm weeds it has been tested at quite a
number of agricultural experimental stations throulghout the country and approved. As evidence of what sulphate of iron may accomplish in the way of eradicating
farm weeds, we cannot do better than reproduce the
worDs of Henry L. Bolley, botanist. Referring to extensive experiments conducted at the North Dakota
Agricultural Experimental Station, he writes: "Each
year of our experiments has resulted in success of such
marked nature that the writer feels safe in asserting that
when the farming public have accepted the method of
attacking weeds as a regular f arm operation that the
gain to the country at large will be muuch greater in
monetary consideration than that which has been
afforded by any other single piece of investigation applied to field work in agriculture, not excepting even the
now generally used formaldhyde method of seed disinfection, which has savel to the State of North Dakota, atnnually, cereals to the value of several i-n-illions of clollars."
The sulphate of iron proclucecl by the Aiiierican Steel
 AVire Co. is ii-antifacturedl by a process patentecl June
25, 1907, and other patents are pend
barrels, bags or in bulk, anl can be quickly shipped in
either small quantities or in car-loacls direct from the
company's mills. It is used in solution and is applied
by a machine or hand sprayer.  The company invites inquiries from any one interested, and stands ready to give
all the information it can about this useful product.
But to revert to the process of wire-drawing.
Cleaned of scale by being immmersed in an acid bath
and then deacidized in a bath of lime water, the coils
are made ready to be pulled through the draw plate.
This is an oblong plate of hard steel pierced with conical
holes gradually diminishing in diameter; the smaller end
of each aperture is carefully prepared to the desired size.
The end of the rod, being drawn through the hole, is
secured to a drum.  By the revolving drud the wire
is continuously pulled through the hole in the draw plate.
From the first drum the wire is passed through a smaller
hole and again drawn by drum number 2, and so on the
process is repeated until the wire has been reduced to the
required diameter. Fine wire may require from 20 to
30 drawings. In drawing out and and winding up a thick
wire, the drum revolves slowly, but the speed of the successive drums is quickened as the size of the wire diminishes. Passed through the draw plate a certain number
of times, the metal becomes brittle and needs must have
its ductility restored by annealing.
From the annealing furnace the wire again passes to
the acid bath to remove the scale and then again to the
lime water to eliminate the acid. Through the draw
plate it goes again. The process of drawing, annealing
and cleaning is continued until, drawn down to the desired diameter, the wire, unless it is to be galvanized,
tinned or further fabricated, is ready for market.
For some very accurate purposes, such as chronometer springs, wire is drawn through holes perforated in
diamonds and other hard gems.
One of the many things in which this company stands
pre-eminent is the excellence of its galvanizing, and especially that upon telegraph wire.  Its product of this
material is recognized as the standard in this country and
abroad. In this process the wire is drawn through a
specially constructed furnace, after which it is allowed to
cool. It is then drawn through an acid bath, the strength
of the acid depending on the grade of wire to be galvanized. After leaving this bath it is passed through another
one of a different solution and carried a distance of I5
feet to a kettle containing molten zinc of a high temperature.
From this third bath the wire is drawn through a
coating of pulverized charcoal directly on to the coiling
frame.
The coating thus applied withstands the corrosive
action of the elements better than in any other known
process.
In bulk at least two of the more important wire
products are wire nails and wire fencing. By the American Steel  Wire Co. wire f encing is made in worldsupplying quantities by machines that approximate automatic perfection. In wire nails also wonderful cheapness and efficiency of production has been obtained. In
the nail mills each separate machine is capable of turning out from I50 to 500 nails a minute. The nail-making capacity of the company is upwards of 12,000,000
kegs  (6oo,ooo  tons )  a  year.  The  wire  nail first
began to be manufactured in the United States in
1872. A German Catholic priest, Father Goebels,
and Michael Baackes, from the same town in Germany, operated the first machines that were in that
year brought over from Dusseldorf and set up in Covington, Ky. Later on this small beginning with four
machines developed into greater proportions, and the
American Wire Nail Company was organized. In I878
Michael Baackes, William Chisholm and Frank Baackes
continued the manufacture under a new company formed,
the H. P. Nail Company of Cleveland. In I884 Frank
Baackes established the manufacture at Beaver Falls,
when just one year later a great strike shut off the manufacture of cut nails. This left the wire nail as the only
available nail, and with the extensive introduct ion it then
received, the wire nail rapidly superseded the cut nail and
became the standard nail for general use. All these plants
and others later organized, such as the Washburn T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    147
of the Washington monument and other great structures
of the country is American wire rope; the springs in the
finest upholstery, the wire in the telegraph and telephone
lines, the hoops that hold flour and other barrels safely
together, the woven wire in mattresses, that in brooms
and brushes, the shafting in mills and the shoes upon the
horses' feet represent the great scope of the company's
manufactures.
Of the great plants that represent the companies that
were -merged in the American Steel  Wire Co. it may
be said that in their achievements past and present is
the best part of the history of wire manufacturing in
Amnerica.  Established in 1824, the Shoenberger Works
of Pittsburgh, started when the iron industry of the
United States was in its infancy, has changed and developed with time, but the sturdy pioneer spirit of progress and growth is yet there.  Besides the time-honored
Shoenberger there are the great works of the old Washburn  M1oen Co. at Worcester, Waukegan and San Francisco, with all their ancient prestige in the manufacture
of wire rope, electrical wires and piano wire; the Consolidated Steel  Wire Co.'s famlous works that developed, among other things, the woven wire fence; the
works at Cleveland with the celebrated tack 1niills  all
contributed splendid fame in special and exclusive lines
of wire mnanufacture. And all roundecl up coliplete with
the great works at Donora and Sharon, Pa., finished since
the company was organized.
One of the representatives of the company was once
congratulated on his selling a line of goods that was
simple and easily mastered. The salesman expressed surprise at his friend's remark and told him that the wire
company was selling to practically every class of trade in
the city, asking him to name three with which he supposed this company did not deal.  After some thought
the friend namedl grocers, wholesale tobacco dealers and
jewelers. To the first this company sold clothes lines, to
the second box-strap (for certain railroads have at times
requirecl that all cases of tobacco be securely strapped),
ancl to the last nmentionecl watcli and clock springs, as well
as eye-glass wire.
CARBON STEEL COMPANY-Somne of the inost
important orders for steel in the past decade have been
manufactuLred at a Pittsburgh steel nmill that makes few
great pretensions, but that does make fine steel. While
these special orders may not have been so large as many
others that have been placed for general steel products,
they have been of such importance as to be for the best
battleships "Uncle Sam" has afloat, and for some of the
finest bridges and other structures in the worlcl.  This
steel was tnade by the Carbon Steel Company at its
Pittsburgh inill under special processes known only to
its managelnent.
The Carbon? Steel Colipany was organized tinder the
laws of West Virginia October I2, I894.  It is capMoen Co., Consolidated Steel  Wire Co., I. L. Ellwood
Company, Newcastle Wire Nail Company, Oliver Wire
Company, Pittsburgh Wire Company, Salem Wire 
Nail Co., Cincinnati Company, Continental Wire Comnpany, Indiana Wire Fence Company, and the American
Wire Company afterwards became absorbed in the present Anmerican Steel  Wire Co.
From the hair spring of a watch to the steel wire
cables which support the greatest suspension bridge, the
variations in size, cost ancl utilization of wire prodlucts
are nuLierous and remarkable.  A list of these different
varieties ancl uses of wire manufacttLred by the Anerican
Steel  Wire Co. is as follows: Wire of every desciiption, rouncl, flat, squtare, triangular, and odd-shaped.
Music wire. Mattress, broom, weavinog and mnarket wires
in all finishes.  Special wires adapted to all purposes.
Wire hoops, for use on lime barrels, sugar, salt, produce,
apple, cracker, cement and flour barrels and other slack
cooperage. Electrical wires and cables of all kinds, bare
and insulated. Telegraph and telephone wire, pole steps.
Rail boncs, for electric railroads.  Wire rope, heavy
cables ancl hawsers; elevator, tramnway, dredging and derrick ropes, ships' rigging, extra flexible rope, sash cord
and clothes lines.  Bale ties for baling hay, straw, flax,
and all kinds of fibrous mnaterials; also for bundling lumnber, mo-Llldings, staves ancl heading. Nails, staples? spikes
and tacks of all kinds, standarc wire nails in all sizes and
shapes.  Miscellaneous fine nails.  Wire brads, tacks in
count and weight packages. Dowel pins. R. R. Spikes.
Barbed wire, both two and four-point; Gliclden, Baker,
Perfect, Ellwood, Waukegan, Lymnan and Iowa brancs.
Woven  wire  fencing.  "American,"  "Ellwood"  and
"Royal" fences.  Concrete reinforcement for buildings,
bridges, sewers, water-mains, colutans, walls, stacks,
power plants and other concrete work req-iiring steel reinforcemnent.  Springs: clock, motor, car, furniture, agricultural and all kinds of fine and heavy springs. St-lphate
of iron, for water purification; for fertilizing; for cheinicals, disinfectant, dyeing, purification of gas, for plateglass polishing, and for wood-preservative. Poultry netting, galvanized before weaving. - All meshes and sizes.
WVire rods of open-hearth ancl Bessemner steel.  Horseshoes, "Juniata" brand, iron and steel, in all sizes and
patterns.  Also toe calks.  Shafting, cold drawn steel,
free cutting screw steel, puLmp rods. Roller bearing rods,
routnds, squares, hexagons, flats and special shapes.
The latest addition to be made to the company's long
list of wire products is concrete reinforcement.  This
great mnaterial is rapidly becoming the foundation of the
country's concrete construction, and consists of a woven
wire fabric intlch like a woven wire fence, but ungalvanized and made of wire of considerably harder nature and
greater tensile strength.  This fabric is known as the
Triangle or Triangular Mesh Reinforcement.
The wire in the Steinway and other great pianos is
the company's Perfected brand; the rope in the elevatorsThey employ 6,9I4 persons and pay them annually as
wages $3,864,993. The miscellaneots expenses of these
concerns are annually $3,038,850. The cost of material
is yearly $I9,754,739, and the value of the annual production $28,891,8o6. Rails, wire and many other steel
and iron specialties are manufactured.  The financial,
commercial, educational and municipal systems of this
city are all excellent. Public and private enterprise have
done much to complement what nature has most generously done for this city and its environs.  Its schools
and churches are fine.
McKeesport, at the junction of the Monongahela and
Youghiogheny Rivers, is the largest and most important
of the cities lying under the walls of Pittsburgh.  It has
the facilities of the Baltimore  Ohio, the Lake Erie,
*and the Pennsylvania railroads, and those of the Monongahela River as shipping resources. It has also exceptionally good street railway facilities, with immediate
prospects of better. It is also admirably situated physically, because it may extend along both banks of the
Youghiogheny River indefinitely and also along the north
bank of the Monongahela until it encounters certain
boroughs which it will absorb and then go forward until
county lines stop it momentarily.  Then, with all of its
absorptions, it will become a portion of that Pittsburgh
which is waiting only "till its shadows little longer grow."
As it is, McKeesport has about 75 establishments, 36 of
which belong to individuals, I6 to firims, and 23 to
corporations.  Three years ago these concerns had a
capital of $I6,285,952.  They employed an average
nunber of 8,848 persons, paying them annually $5,52I,396.  Their miscellaneous expenses were $I,378,272.
The cost of imaterials used was $I2,309,484. The value
of the general production was $23,054,4I2. Its mnunicipal, commercial, educational and social growth have kept
pace with that of its mantfacturing progress. It is well
up in all of the essentials. Its schools and churches are
good and plentiful.  Its streets are up to the average.
Its citizenship is rather above the average. This citizenship has a pride in its city that has counted for much and
will count for 1nore.  Many imnprovelnents are in contemplation that, when accomplished, will give the city
conveniences in keeping with its importance.
Washington, the county seat of Washington County,
is a city of churches, colleges, schools and factories. For
a century it hesitated, content, apparently, with its religious, social and educational resources as assets.  The
blaze fronm its first natural gas well seerned to light the
way to real development, and the oil fromn a well struck
within the corporate limits greased it so well inmmediately
afterwards that no obstacles have been sufficient to arrest
progress since that fortunate day. It is one of the oldest
THE PACKSADDLE ON THE CONEMAUGHitalized at $5,000,000, of which amount $3,000,000 is in
commnon stock, $500,000 is in first preferred, and $I,500,000 is in second preferred stock.  The company's
general offices are in the Hudson Terminal Building, New
York City. Its large plant is on the banks of the Allegheny River in the Lawrenceville mill district of Pittsburgh at Thirty-second and Smallman Streets, where
the Pittsburgh offices are also maintained. The western
branch office is in Chicago, while the southwestern and
southern territory is cared for at the branch office at
St. Louis.
This company's able management is shown in its official personnel, which is as folows: President, Frank B.
Robinson; vice-president, N. A. Hemphill; treasurer,
John D. Slayback; secretary, Raymond S. Baldwin.
The directors are F. B. Robinson, N. A. Hemphill, J. D.
Slayback, E. F. Slayback, M. S. Paine, W. H. Silverthorne and S. M. Wetmore. Mr. Wetmore, who, in addition to being a director, has the title of general superintendent, has direct and executive supervision of the
Pittsburgh offices and mill in all departments. J. T.
Rowley, a thoroughly experienced steel maker, is superintendent of the mill. E. G. Buchanan is eastern sales
agent, with headquarters in New York, and E. K. Harris, western sales agent, is located at Chicago. Both gentlemen are well known in the steel world.
The company manufactures the following variety of
steel products, all of which are recognized as the highest
standards of quality, efficiency and durability:  Acidsteel plates for locomotive fire-boxes; Scotch boiler furnaces; acid-steel billets for high-grade wire rods and
cables; Cunningham  process  acid-steel forgings  for
engine, tender and passenger car axles, crank pins,
piston rods and side rods; five-ply plates and angles for
safes and vaults; shell, flange, tank, marine and universal and sheared plates for bridge and structural work;
ship plates, nickel steel plates, protective deck plates and
nickel steel forgings.
This extensive and varied production shows the
breadth to which the company's business has grown in
little nore than a decade. Out of these products several
are specialties.  The latter include locomotive fire-box
steel, boiler steel and axles, all -made fromn the company's
special open-hearth, pig and ore process, the axles being
made by what is known as the Cunningham process, of
which the Carbon Steel Company has exclusive use. The
company also makes a specialty of marine steel plates
of 60,ooo, 65,ooo and 70,000 pounds tensile strength.
While the company makes practically all of its steel for
domestic trade, it also enjoys an extensive foreign business, which is broadening each year.
Since the Carbon Steel Company was established in
I894 it has furnished its steel for much high-grade work.
All of the steel used in the elevation of the New York
Central  Hudson River Railroad tracks over the Harlem
River in New York City, which was the largest single
order for that class of steel up to that time, was made
by this company.  Steel plates for the United States
battleships Oregon, Iowa and Minneapolis, and for Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia were made at the Carbon
mill. Steel for cables for the new East River Bridge
over the East River in New York was rolled at the company's mill. The Carbon Company recently secured the
largest order for nickel steel for structural purposes that
has ever been contracted for, this being the steel for the
Manhattan Bridge over the East River in New York.
CARBON STEEL COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I  T T S B3 U R G H    149
These are but few of scores of important orclers that
might be mentioned,but they show the high standard
of manufacturing done by the Carbon Steel Company.
While the company occupies a large plot with its
plant in the Lawrencevil le district, its management sees
the need for more room for development, not only of
its own property, but of others, and thus the Carbon
Steel Company gives its ardent support to Greater Pittsburgh.
THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY-Interesting and instructive to the greatest degree is the history
of the Carnegie Steel Company.
Yet, so many persons and interests are connected
in one way or another with the narrative, so great is the
subject, so multitudinous the details, so far-reacbing are
the effects, so numerous the various points of view, it
apIproaches the im possible to comnpress in small space an
entirely complete, unbiased and absolutely true account
of the rise and expansion of this gigantic organization.
Though never in print appear all the minute accuracies of its story, even though many chapters are omitted,
the absence of items of present inconsequence will not
dim the magnificence of the comnpany's achievements.
Largely throtigh what the Carnegie Company accomplished, in steel prodtiction and fabrication, the United
States sturpassecl Great Britain and every competing
nation.
Thotugh not the first to tuse either the Bessemner or
the open-hearth process, in the dlevelopmaent of the present immensity of the steel industry it led the way.
Conspicuous ancl portentous have been its exploits
in steel manufacturing. In helping to build -tp the steel
supremacy of the country it made the most of its opportunities. It extended the use and decreased the cost of
steel. It continually availed itself of improved methods.
In advance of others, sometimes, it utilized new discoveries. By constantly increasing the efficiency of its
equipment and by offering special incentives to employees, it astonished Europe by the extent and rapidity
of its production. Its profits were proportionate to its
output.
From a rough little forge at Girty's Run, in half a
century the business has grown into an aggregation of
great plants and a capitalization represented by the
repeated multiplication of millions.
Just how far the success of the company was evolved
from the country's advancement may be a matter of
opinion. To a certain extent authoritative is the judgment of one who ought to know. On this subject, H.
C. Frick is quoted as modestly saying: "The demands
of modern life called for such work as ours; and if we
had not met the demands others would have done so.
Even without us the steel industry would have been just
as great as it is, though men would have used other
names in speaking of its leaders."
Granting that "the growth of the steel industry was
inevitable" does not detract from the fact that the Carnegie Company achieved greatness because it developed
the ways and means and the men that made America
famous and foremost in steel production.
At times a combination of fortuitous circumstances
undoubtedly did accelerate remarkably the progress of
the comnpany, but in the beginning, and often afterwards,
were encountered difficulties of almost overwhelming
magnitude. Not entirely to the shaping of events, but
more particularly to the men who were identified with
its operation and management, the Carnegie Company
owes its unprecedented success.
Commencing with Andrew and Anton Kloman, who
in a wooden shed, in a suburb of Pittsburgh, in I858, set
up a forge and a trip hammer and successfully made
axles out of scrap iron, the enterprise, in the eventful
years that followed, was constantly enlarged, not only
by ordinary business accretions, but by the genius and
ingenuity of the men who evolved from mills and furnaces, by improved processes, vastly increased production.
In the beginning, scarcely so well equipped as a wayside blacksmith shop, it became in time more than a commercial undertaking; it grew to be a financial power, an
industrial force, an organization of international importance; besides, it was an educational institution, a
university from which graduated not only master steel
makers, but phenomenally successful men of affairs.
In I 858, by alternately reversing the fibres while
forging the iron, Andrew Kloman made a superior axle.
The prestige thus obtained constituted the most important asset of the business at the outset.  The original
establishment at Girty's Run, in the main, depended on
the practical knowledge and skill of Andrew Kloman.
The mechanical appliances of the axle shop, mostly second-hand, were obtained at an expenditure of less than
$4,000.
To supply the demand created for Kloman's axles,
increased capital was soon required.  Kloman desired
$I,6oo. This amount was invested by Thomas N. Miller, the purchasing agent of the Fort Wayne Railroad,
who arranged that in the enterprise he should be represented by Henry Phipps.
After the breaking out of the Civil War, Kloman
and Phipps were busily employed on government contracts. The crude plant at Girty's Run was inadequate,
so the partners leased from the Denny Estate, at an
annual rental of $324 for twenty years, with the privilege
of renewal, a tract of land then used as a market garden
on Twenty-ninth Street in Pittsburgh. In I863, in an
erstwhile cabbage patch, was erected, f or those times, an
extensive mill with a large capacity f or highly finished
products worked up from the crudest forms.  About
this time Thomas M. Carnegie, with money said to have
been furnished by his brother Andrew, became the busiPLANTS OF THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    151
ness associate of Kloman, Phipps and Miller. In I864
Miller with Andrew Carnegie, Aaron G. Schiffler, J. L.
Piper, John C. Matthews and Thomas Pyeatte leased
property on Thirty-fourth Street, four blocks from the
Kloman-Phipps establishment, and built the Cyclops Iron
Works. Though ambitiously planned, this factory was
unsatisfactorily constructed. Strengthened and remodeled, the Cyclops Iron Works through business
changes and successive improvements became the Upper
Union Mills. Similarly the Kloman-Phipps Iron City
Forges were metamorphosed into the Lower Union Mills.
In the shifting and transfers of interests in these properties, Andrew Carnegie eventually obtained control.
At the Iron City Forge Works, in I868, was introduced to the American iron trade the first "Universal"
rolling mill. This was constructed by Klozman, with
aid of John Zimmer, a recently arrived German emigrant.
It was capable of rolling plates from seven to twentyfour inches wide, and fromn three-sixteenths of an inch1
to two inches in thickness. Though small and unimportant, compared with present strtuctures, at that time it
was lookecl tupon as possessing marvelous efficiency. Its
installation conisiclerably increased the manufacturing
facilities of Kloman-Phipps  Co.
In the Spring of 1871 was begun thae constrtiction of
the famous Lucy Furnaces. These furnaces, in I 872,
began making iron at the rate of about 50 tons a day.
Almost immediately commenced a race with the rival
Isabella Furnaces, which were of the same size, and located not far away. In the long continued struggle that
ensued was developed the utmost efficiency in furnace
production. The outptit in timae increased to upwards
of 500 tons a day. The worlcl was enrichaed by the inventions of Whitwell, Curry ancl Kennedywwe In pig-iron
Julian Kennedy deservedly WOll a worlclwide reptitation. It has been said that "the Lucy Furnaces represent the stim total of centuries of gradttal
imnprovemaent-the very utmnost that the hum1an race can
clo in iron-mnaking craft." But the Carrie Furnaces, a
later creation of the Carnegie Company, nowr holcl the
worlcl's recorcl.
So soon as the Lucy Ftirnaces were in successful
operation were planned the Eclgar Thiompson Steel
Works. On the oldl Braddeock battleurotuncl was btiilt,
tincler the supervision of Alexancler L. Holley, an establishment that grew to be the greatest of Bessemner steel
works. For the wondrous record afterwarcls macle by
the Edgar Thomapson Steel Works, at least a part of th1e
credit is dtue to Captain William R. Jones, who f or so
many years was superintenclent of the plant. To his
ability to handle a han men and machinery, to his
geniis, to the esprit cle corps which he inspired, to the
organization which he effected, to his progressiveness,
to his tintiring energy, the Carnegie Company owes tunstinted gratitucle. "To Captain Jones is also due the
system of rewards for exceptional service which afterwards Carnegie properties, anc
which has been extended with beneficial effects to all
the constituent parts of the United States Steel Corporation."
Though Superintendent Jones greatly improved and
facilitated steel-making, though under his guidance the
Edgar Thompson Steel Works again and again astonished the world with its wonderful production, his greatest success was the bringing Out, from a mass of workmen, the assistants who so ably seconded his efforts while
he lived, and after he had gone nobly carried on the work
on a scale even more extended.
The original Homestead and Duquesne plants were
not erected by the Carnegie interests, but by rivals.
After others had built these establishments and failed to
make them pay, the works were acquired by the predecessors of the Carnegie Steel Company. The story of
their subsequent operation is summed up in the millions
upon millions of profits that these plants have paid.
While Carnegie and his associates were developing
steel manufacturing to an amazing extent, H. C. Frick
had performed a similar service for the American coke
industry. Through his holdings in coking coal lands,
through manufacturing the bulk of the best coke, Frick
by joining forces with the Carnegie interests greatly
enhanced the ownership of the steel plants. To unsurpassed steel-manufacturing facilities was added a vast
and immensely valuable fuel supply in the form of coking coal and natural gas. Another tremendous advantage the Carnegie interests secured largely through the
efforts of Harry W. Oliver. Very cheaply the Carnegie
Company obtained immense deposits of the best quality
of Lake Superior iron ore. Though Andrew Carnegie
viewed disparagingly the opportunity thus thrust upon
the company, Frick was quick to perceive the splendid
possibilities  contained  in  the  proposition.   Through
Frick's earnest recommendation the ore lands were
acquired.
Possessed of ore, fuel and manufacturing facilities,
the only link lacking in the chain designed to bind the
Carnegie interests to uninterrupted prosperity was transportation. This deficiency was advantageously obviated
by the energetic action of the company under Frick's
direction.
The Pittsburgh, Shenango  Lake Erie Railroad had
in I895 the traditional "two streaks of rust and a right
of way" from Pittsburgh to Conneaut Harbor. Secured
by the Carnegie interests, this railroad was substantially
rebuilt and put almost immediately on a paying basis.
To-day the "Bessemer  Lake Erie" is one of the most
successfully operated railroads in the country. At Conneaut great ore docks were constructed. The Pittsburgh
Steamship Company, in the fleet of which was comprised
the finest ore carriers on the Lakes, was brought into
being under Carnegie auspices. The Union Railroad and
other extensions and track connections united moreI 52   T H  E   S T  O  R Y   O F
closely the great industrial establishments. From the ore
fields in the Lake Superior region to the furnaces and
steel works in the Pittsburgh district the raw material
was transported at a minimum expense. As befitted the
greatest shipper of freight in the United States, the
Carnegie Company effected for itself in every department the best of transportation facilities.
When merged with the United States Steel Corporation, the various Carnegie properties were appraised at
approximately $45o,ooo,ooo. The clear profits for the
preceding year were more than $40,000,000.
As a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, the Carnegie Steel Company has made even more
efficient than formerly its internal organization. It has
increased and imnproved its producing capacity. It has
ardized steel production. The adjustments incidental to the control of the "U. S. Steel," so far as the
operation of its works are concerned, have given to the
Carnegie Company greater advantages.
The works through which the Carnegie Steel Company at present manifests its tremendous activity are:
Edgar Thompson Works, Bessemer, Pennsylvania;
Duquesne Works, Cochran, Pennsylvania; Homestead
Works, Munhall, Pennsylvania; Carrie Furnaces,
Rankin, Pennsylvania; Lucy Furnaces, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania; Isabella Furnaces, Etna, Pennsylvania;
Upper Union Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Lower
Union Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Howard Axle
Works, Homestead, Pennsylvania; McCutcheon Works,
Allegheny, Pennsylvania; Painter Works, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania; Clark Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Greenville Works, Greenville, Pennsylvania; Monessen
Works, Monessen, Pennsylvania; New Castle Works,
New Castle, Pennsylvania; Sharon Works, Sharon,
Pennsylvania; Columbus Works, Columbus, Ohio;
Zanesville Works, Zanesville, Ohio; Niles Works, Niles,
Ohio; Ohio Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Mingo Works,
Mingo Junction, Ohio; Bellaire Works, Bellaire, Ohio;
Upper Union Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Lower Union
Works, Youngstown, Ohio.
In the above named works are comprised: Fiftynine blast furnaces, 8 Bessemer steel works with I8 converters, I0 open-hearth steel works with I34 furnaces,
9 blooming, slabbing, billet and bar works with 25 mills,
4 rail mills, 3 plate works with 8 mills, II merchant
bar, hoop and cotton tie works with 46 mills, 3 structural shape works with 9 mills, 3 foundries, I armor
plant, I axle works., 2 bolt and rivet plants.
The officers of the Carnegie Steel Company are:
A. C. Dinkey, President; H. P. Bope, Vice-President;
W. W. Blackburn, Vice-President and Secretary; W. C.
McCausland, Treasurer; J. J. Campbell, Assistant Secretary; W. R. Conrad, Assistant Treasurer.
When hardly more than a boy, A. C. Dinkey entered
the employ of the Carnegie Company. Placed at the
very lowest round of the industrial ladder, by demonP I T Tr S B U R G H
strated merit and hard work, he steadily climbed towards
the top. In the machine shop and as an electrician he
displayed ability and proved his worth in a way that
eventually won for him the General Superintendency of
the Homestead Steel Works. From that important post,
when his predecessor, W. E. Corey, was elected to the
Presidency of the United States Steel Corporation,
Dinkey was promoted to be President of the Carnegie
Steel Company.
Twenty-eight years ago H. P. Bope, who formerly
had been a stenographer for Senator Allen G. Thurman,
became an office man in the sales department of the company. By efficient service he obtained promotion after
promotion, until he at last arrived in his present position.
Commencing with a clerkship in the Lower Union
Mills, in I88o, W. W. Blackburn by attention to duty
at length was recognized as one of the most capable of
Carnegie's younger partners. He has been Vice-President and Secretary of the Carnegie Steel Company since
the United States Steel Company was organized.
W. C. McCausland began as an assistant bookkeeper
for the H. C. Frick Coke Company in I 887. Made
cashier of that corporation in I890, he transferred to a
similar position with Carnegie, Phipps  Co. As the
years went by his duties broadened and, there being no
question as to his ability, in I899 he was appointed Assistant Treasurer of the Carnegie Steel Company. The
changes incidental to the acquirement of the Carnegie
Company by United States Steel caused him to take
another step upward..
The directors of the Carnegie Steel Company are:
E. H. Gary, W. E. Corey, W. B. Dickson, J. H. Reed,
A. C. Dinkey, H. P. Bope, W. W. Blackburn, W. H.
Singer, D. M. Clemson, D. G. Kerr, W. C. McCausland
and Thomas Morrison.
DUQUESNE STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANYWhen the French troops by overwhelming numbers compelled the surrender of the handful of English who were
erecting a fort at the forks of the Ohio in I754, they
determined to complete the structure and call it Fort
Duquesne in honor of the governor of Canada. As a
result streets, towns, Mills, banks, hotels, clubs, schools,
societies and many other institutions in and about Pittsburgh bear the name "Duquesne," and one of the more
recent organizations of this character is the Duquesne
Steel Foundry Company.
This company was established in October, I899, by
a number of the best known business men of Pittsburgh
for the purpose of manufacturing steel castings of various kinds, including cast steel-rolled car wheels, with extensive works at Coraopolis. The officers of the company are: W. A. Herron, president; T. H. Bakewell,
vice-president and treasurer, and L. W. Frank, secretary
The directors are: W. A. Herron, T. H. Bakewell, L.
W. Frank, A. W. Herron and Frederick Gwinner, Jr.The company's employees number about 700, while
its capital and surplus amount to over $I,ooo,ooo.  It
enjoys exceptional shipping facilities from its plant at
Coraopolis, which is on the Pittsburgh  Lake Erie
Railroad, as well as the Ohio River. Its domestic trade
covers all parts of the United States, while its foreign
business extends to Canada and Mexico, in all of which
territory there is a growing demand for the products
of this establishment. Many of the company's employees
are skilled workmen, while its facilities in all other directions are excellent.
The Duquesne Steel Foundry Company is to-day
barely nine years old, but it bears a name that has been
known in history for more than a century and a half.
To the pride and dignity attached to that name it has
been true from its earliest formation, conducting its immense business upon the highest ideals and carrying the
reputation of this mighty phase of American industry
with added honor throughout the world.
Its officers, as already made evident, are men of the
highest standing, experience and solidity. The company
has special products in which it is unexcelled, and its
ample capital, admnirable
plant, unusual facilities
and large force of
skilled mechanics h a v e
ma d e it possible in a
very short time to take
equal rank with companies of far greater age.
It is organizations of
this kind that have been
the vital factors in the
f o r  ation of Pittsburgh's fame and also that of American iron and steel.
THE FIRTH-STERLING STEEL COMPANYTo succeed in one field is creditable; to win in another
confers further distinction; to be notably successful,
simultaneously, along different lines is a triumph of
effort that few men or companies often secure. It follows then that the Firth-Sterling Steel Company, especially celebrated not only for the manufacture of the best
tool steel, but also for the construction of the most
effective armor-piercing shells, is singularly fortunate
and doubly successful.
Since the artisans of ancient Damascus first gave to
warfare their famous swords, men have experimented
persistently with steel. In all ages, in various countries,
steel-makers have cherished their trade secrets.  Most
important of all, perhaps, are some recent discoveries
that are jealously guarded.  When the craftsmen of
Damascus, Toledo and Milan were in turn the world's
best steel-makers, about all the best steel was utilized
in the manufacture of weapons and armor.  Little, if
any of it, went into tools of machiner. While steel still
assists to decide battles on land and sea, the greater part
of the world's steel output is, of course, fabricated for
peaceful purposes. Anciently, when manual labor ruled,
was encountered a demand for a better quality of edged
tools.  To-day, when machinery, driven at high speed
by steam  or electricity, has been substituted so largely
for the workmen's hands, when, instead of wood, steel
is the material to which the tools are applied, much more
than ever before is it necessary that edged tools should
be made of steel of superlative quality.  Approved steel
for the manufacture of such tools the Firth-Sterling
Company supplies to the trade in large quantities. Their
quality is known and dealers insist upon having it.
Of  "high-speed  steel,"  the  Firth-Sterling  "Blue
Chip," to say the least, is one of the best brands on the
market.  For all sorts of high-speed cutting tools, such
as lathe tools, milling cutters and twist drills, "Blue
Chip" steel is unsurpassed.  The company's brands of
regular tool steel are: "Firth-Sterling Special," "Firth's
Best," "Firth-Sterling Extra" and "Sterling Tool Steel."
Highly specialized, manufacturecl with the greatest care,
in order to adapt it particularly to the use for which it is
required, each brand of
tool steel made by the
Firth - Sterling S t e e 1
Company represents results, the highest obtainable. Expressed in this
tool steel is the best experience in steel-making.
Embodied in the manufacture of this steel is
the  knowledge  gained
f rom   thousands  of
elucidating experiments.  It is the outcome of about all
that England and the United States have contributed
to successful tool-steel making.
Not only in size, but in equipment and management,
the Firth-Sterling tool-steel plant at Demmler Station,
McKeesport, colmmands respect.  In the far extended
factory, conveniently situated between the tracks of the
"Baltimore  Ohio" and the "Pittsburgh  Lake Erie"
railroads, by imnproved inethods, is produced the tool
steel that cuts its way, successfully, the world around.
Wherever the alert mechanic or operative is possessed
of the best cutting tools, there is Firth-Sterling tool steel
utilized.
The other Firth-Sterling steel plant is located in the
District of Columbia. This busy institution has but one
customer.  "Uncle Sam" has the first claim  on the
armor-piercing  projectiles manufactured  at Geisboro
Manor.  Repeated tests have proven that the FirthSterling shell is more destructive to armor plate than
any other.  The Firth-Sterling Steel Company makes
projectiles for no other government but that of the
United States. These shells are made in sizes from the
PLANT OF DUQUESNE STEEL FOUNDRY CO., McKEES ROCKS, PA.154  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H.
"six-inch" upwards. In the production and finishing of
these shells a great deal of work is involved. Not only
is special material required, but every detail must be
completed with the greatest accuracy. The cost of a I2inch projectile runs up into hundreds of dollars. But
thousands of them are bought for the United States
Navy. Only after the severest competition, in which the
respective merits of all armor-piercing shells offered were
thoroughly tested, not until incontestably on the proving
ground it was demonstrated that the Firth-Sterling Steel
Company manufactured a superior projectile was the
first contract awarded.  In view  of eventualities the
United States desires always to be in a position to augment the superiority of American gunnery with the most
effective of all projectiles. The men behind the guns
must be able not only to hit the target, but to destroy it.
In the Firth-Sterling steel plants, necessarily, highly
skilled labor is employed. At Demmler and at Geisboro
Manor the company employs about 500 men.
The general offices of the company are located in a
new brick building recently erected at the upper end of
the Demmler works. The officers of the company are:
Lewis J.Firth, President; Austin A. Wheelock, VicePresident; Eben B. Clarke, Treasurer and General Manager, and James E. Porter, Secretary.
Jones, Ingold  Co., in I874, established in Demmler
the Pitt Steel Works.  Subsequently the name of the
plant was changed to the "Crown Steel Works." By the
Sterlin g Steel Company, incorporated in I885, with a
capital of $6o,ooo, were acquired the Crown Steel
Works. In its early years the Sterling Steel Company
employed about 60 men, and its annual output approximated 3,000 tons of fine crucible tool steel. Limited
indeed was the production then, compared with the output of the company to-day.
The Firth-Sterling Steel Company, which was organized in I896 to succeed the Sterling Steel Company,
was at the outset, to a certain extent, an international
combination. When the Firths, famous steel manufacturers of Sheffield, England, decided to cross the Atlantic ocean and locate in or near to the city of Pittsburgh, a union of interests was effected with Sterling
Steel Company.
From the point of view of manufacturing, and shipping, the site of the plant at Demmler is in every way
a most desirable one. For the projectile factory Geisboro Manor in the District of Columbia was selected f or
various reasons, one of which was advantageous proximity to the United States Naval Gun Foundry at Washington.
THE FORT PITT FORGE COMPANY-A business that in seven years increased its capacity 700 per
cent. Such is the succinct record of the Fort Pitt Forge
Company.
Started in a modest way in I900, it was raised, by
the diligence and ability of the parties interested, to a
position of inmportance in the trade.
Rivets are utilized to such an enormous extent nowadays that the making of them has become almost a separate  industry.  To  manufacture  economically  rivets
that will answer unfailingly the various requirements is
a task that calls for special machinery, experience and
skill. All of these are in evidence at the rivet manufacturing plant of the Fort Pitt Forge Company on Liberty Avenue, near Twenty-sixth Street, Pittsburgh.
Only the best of material is used; all of the work is
carefully supervised, and the company's output is justly
acknowledged to be of a very high quality.
At the Fort Pitt Forge Company's plant about 200
men are employed. The company has a working, capital
of $200,000.
The officers of the company are: Thomas W.
Smith, President; William G. Costen, Secretary and
Treasurer, and Joseph E. McAlweese, Assistant Secretary.
By reason of the excellent showing it has made during the seven years that it has been established, the Fort
Pitt Forge Company has attracted a greater amount
of favorable notice than its capitalization under ordinary circumstances would obtain. But the success it
has achieved is all the more remarkable because it is of
the kind that not only increases, but endures.
THE FORT PITT MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY-It may be said that the industries in and around
Pittsburgh were favorable towards establishing a concern of the scope and character of the Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Company. Its main office and works are located in the borough of McKees Rocks, where in spite
of the ever increasing demand for its work its manufacturing and shipping facilities are sufficient to accommodate business of whatever magnitude which may
come to it.
At the organization of the company the capital was
$I50,000. This has been increased from time to time,
until at the present time it is $500,000. There are no
unpaid obligations, and all accounts are met promptly
on the 20th of each month.  It employs an army of
four hundred men in its operations, and does an enormous business, the sales of which aggregate more than
$I,ooo,ooo per annum.
The firm was formed in the fall of I9OI, at which
time J. C. Reilly became president, and M. J. McMahon
general superintendent. The equipment at that time was
one ten-ton melting furnace, six annealing furnaces, and
one cupola. It was the intention to manufacture both
malleable and gray iron castings, but the gray iron industry was dropped in the fall of 1905, and on May 3,
I906, the firm name was changed to Fort Pitt Malleable
Iron Company. The plant now has three fifteen-ton
furnaces and is having plans prepared for a fourth. TheT H E   S T O R Yt  O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I5 5
First brought out in I893 by Hyde Brothers  Co.,
who have their Pittsburgh offices in the Commonwealth
Building, the Hyde boiler has displayed its advantages so
effectively that it is now in use throughout America and
Great Britain.
JONES  LAUGHLIN STEEL CO.-As a
shipping clerk in the office of the "Mechanics Line,"
B. F. Jones began, at the age of seventeen, in
I843 the business career that was afterwards so
successful. From the first he made himself so useful that the way was paved for quick promotion.
Ere he attained his majority, Jones was the manager of two lines of canal boats; besides this he was
engaged in a general forwarding and commission business. In I847 Jones and Kier acquired a small furnace
and some forges near Armaugh, in Westmoreland
County. The "Tariff of 1846" offered no protection to
the American manufacturer; at that time all industries
languished; the Armaugh investment was not attended
with any particular profit except that it initiated Jones
in the iron business. The real foundation for future
success was laid in I85I when B. F. Jones and Bernard
Lauth, an experienced iron worker, established in Pittsburgh the American Iron Works. At the commencement the firm was styled Jones, Lauth  Co. It I853
the firm bought the Monongahela Iron Works at Brownsville. The Brownsville mill was operated by Jones and
Lauth for about a year and then dismantled. Part of
the machinery was brought to Pittsburgh. James
Laughlin, a capitalist who had great confidence in the
ability and foresight of Jones, entered the firm in I854.
The  American  Iron  Works were  oper ated advantageously. The partners prospered. Having accumulated
what he deemed to be a competence, in I857, Lauth retired. Thereafter the firm was known as Jones 
Laughlin.
In Pittsburgh, when the American Iron Works were
established, there were thirteen rolling mills having an
aggregate capitali zation  of about $5,ooo,ooo.  These
mills, employed 2,5oo men, and worked up annually about
6o,ooo tons of pig iron. The value of the annual output of the aggregation amounted to approximately
$4,ooo,ooo. Besides the rolling mills there were three
large and a number of small foundries, the estimated
worth of which was nearly $2,000,000. In these foundries labored some 2,5oo men who produced annually
articles to the value of about $4,000,ooo.  Thus it is
shown that the total amnount invested in all the mills and
foundries in Pittsburgh then was less than a quarter of
Co.
In I860 were erected the first Eliza furnaces. In subsequent years enlarged, rebuilt, improved and increased
in number, the Eliza furnaces to-day consist of five
stacks. Numbers I, 2, 3 and 4 in dimensions are I00
annealing capacity has also been increased to take care
of 2,ooo tons a month. The foundry has been enlarged
by several additions, and the finishing and shipping end
is being doubled by the erection of a building of brick
and iron construction. The company owns eleven acres
of ground on Thompson Avenue in McKees Rocks, more
than half of which is covered with buildings. The plant
enjoys shipping facilities on the P.  L. E. R. R., and on
branches of the P. R. R.
The company has passed through many vicissitudes
during its infancy and encountered more than the usual
number of obstacles in getting started, and it was not
until the summer of I905 when the management was
changed and the capital increased that it emerged from
its embarrassments. Since that time its growth has been
steady and the business has shown a healthy increase.
The success achieved by the firm has been due to con-stant efforts to please customers by furnishing the highest grade of material and in meeting all obligations according to promise.
As the business opportunities increase in this extremely active territory, and as the Fort Pitt Malleable
Iron Company has the reputation for turning out honest
and substantial work, there is not the least doubt of its
finding a continuous and appreciative market for its
products.
Frank J. Lanahan is president of the company, Otto
F. Felix, vice-president; William A. Heyl, secretary; R.
J. Davidson, treasurer; Geo. Booker, general foreman;
E. H. Holmes, assistant general foreman.
THE HYDE WATER-TUBE SAFETY BOILERS-Iron and steel manufacturers, not only in the
United States, but also in Canada and England, have
tested most thoroughly the Hyde patent safety watertube boiler for blast furnaces. Wherever used, the Hyde
boiler has been accorded approval. As a device for obtaining increased power at reduced cost, it has achieved
constant and unquestioned success.  In several plants,
worked night and day, continuously at double the capacity for which they were designed, these boilers, never
failing to give good service, more than demonstrated
their safety. In numerous rolling mills, Hyde boilers
utilizing the waste heat of the furnaces make more than
sufficient steam to supply the power to operate all the
machinery. In testifying to their efficiency, several large
users of Hyde boilers state that, thoug operated for
years, the boilers had never delayed the work for a
minute, nor cost a penny for repairs. A heating furnace
with a Hyde boiler attached will turn out the same
amount of iron, in the same time, with no greater consumption of coal than if directly connected to a stack.
The saving effected in a year will more than pay for the
boiler. For blast, heating or puddling furnaces or for
direct firing the Hyde boiler is a preferred appurtenance
in many plants.I56  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
by 22; "Number 5"is 85 by I9. Included in the equipment are 20 Siemens-Cowper stoves, and three Mehling
pig-iron casting-machines. The present annual capacity
of the Eliza furnaces is 935,000 tons of Bessemer and
basic pig iron. Molten metal from the Eliza furnaces
is used in the Bessem er converters and open-hearth furnaces of the American Iron and Steel Works.
The Soho furnace, one stack, 80 X I9, built in I872,
remodeled in I888 and rebuilt in I9OI, has four improved Cowper stoves and an annual capacity of I 20,000
tons of basic open-hearth and Bessemer pig iron. With
this furnace slag-granulating pits are connected.
The American Iron  Steel Works, established in
I852, now comprises rolling mills, a cold-rolled and colddrawn department, a spike, rivet and bolt department,
structural material fitting shops, a chain factory, iron
and steel foundries, and forge and machine shops.
The up-to-date aggregation of heat, power and machinery that has replaced the old rolling mill contains
27 heating furnaces, 24 trains of rolls (one 2-high 28inch, one 2-high 38-inch, one 3-high 40-inch blooming,
one 3-high 28-inch billet, one I4-inch continuous billet,
three 28-inch structural, two 22, two I6 and two I3inch bar, two I2, three IO, one 9 and f our 8-inch guide),
and three hammers.
The cold-rolled and cold-drawn department is supplied with splendid facilities for the production of coldrolled and cold-drawn steel rounds, squares, hexagons,
pentagons, flats, angles and zees in all the desirable sizes
to the amount of 30,000 tons of cold-rolled and 45,000
tons of cold-drawn steel annually.
In the spike,  rivet and bolt department are produced
structural and tank rivets, made either from Bessemer
or basic open-hearth steel, with buttonhead, countersunk,
cone or steeple head, of various lengths and from onehalf-inch to one and one-half inches in diameter; also
special low-phosphorous basic open-hearth steel boiler
rivets; besides all sizes of standard railroad and pit railroad spikes, boat, barge and dock spikes, and round and
square drift bolts. The output of this department
amounts to nearly 9,ooo tons per annum.
The structural material fitting shops, nOW being
moved- from the South Side, Pittsburgh, to the site of the
old Keystone Rolling Mill on the north bank of the
Monongahela River, are equipped with special machinery
for fabricating all kinds of structural material.  Columns, floor framing and other requisites for "steel
skeleton" buildings can be turned out very rapidly.
In the chain factory are made yearly over IO,OOO
gross tons of chains. The variety of chains manufactured are: iron and steel-proof coil, B B, B B B, and
dredge chains; close and stud-link cable, railroad brake,
switch and safety chains; agricultural, conveyor, log
and binding chains; in sizes the machine-made, common
and crane chains range from three-sixteenths to fiveinch; other chains run from one-half inch to two inches.
The one steel and the three iron f oundries make annually 5,400 tons of steel castings, and I5,6oo tons of
iron castings. The casting work in the iron foundries
is confined almost exclusively to the production of large
pulleys, sheaves, balance wheels, couplings, hangers and
the like, which are finished in the machine shops.
The machine shops are especially designed f or getting
out expeditiously and in large quantities all sorts of
power transmission machinery. In these shops are successfully fabricated pulleys and balance wheels Up to
30 feet in diameter.
In the forge department is given especial attention
to the forging of large shafts, either straight, bossed, or
with solid flanges. Other specialties are housing screws,
piston rods and connecting rods. Annually these steel
forgings aggregate 3,000 tons.
In the Bessemer steel works are three 1o-gross-ton
converters, 5 cupolas, 53 soaking pits, and one 25o-ton
metal mixer. The present annual capacity of these works
iS 800,000 tons of ingots.
The open-hearth steel department, which with additions and improvements that will be ready, probably, for
operation in January  I908, comprises one 25-grosss-ton
acid, six 40-ton basic, and ten 25o-ton Talbot basic openhearth furnaces, and one 25o-ton metal mixer. The
alterations and accessions make possible an output of
I5,ooo tons of acid ingots and 800,000 tons of bas'ic
ingots yearly.
Worked up into steel bars, rails, plates, sheets, structural shapes, billets, railroad splice bars and bolts, boat
and railroad spikes, machine and bridge bolts, chains,
railroad coupling links and pins, forging, cold-rolled
shafting, finger bars, hangers, pillow blocks and pulleys,
the Bessemer and open-hearth steel output annually
amounts to 1,200,ooo tons of steel billets and blooms,
and I,OOO,OOO tons of finished material.
The Soho department, built in 1859 and brought up
to date, as occasion required, is equipped with two Siemens regenerative furnaces, ten Siemens regenerative
pit furnaces, and two trains of rolls (one 24 by 72, and
one 3I by 108-inch plate). The capacity of this department is I50,000 tons of steel plates a year.
The steel department at Soho now contains four 25gross-ton basic open-hearth furnaces capable of producing 70,000 tons of ingots yearly.
The combined annual capacity of the "American
Iron  Steel Works" and the "Bessemer Steel Works"
iS 800,000 tons of Bessemer steel ingots, 625,000 tons
of open-hearth steel ingots, I,200,000 tons of billets and
blooms, and I,I50,000 tons of plates, sheets, structural
shapes, railroad splice bars and other finished rolled
material.
To this enormous total in the near furniture will be
addeded the output of the Alliquippa Works now being
erected.
At Aliquippa, in Beaver County, on the south sidePITTSBURGH PLANTS OF JONES  LAUGHLIN STEEL COMPANYand most influential of all of the Western Pennsylvania
towns. It was early smelled out by the Scotch-Irish as
eligible, and it and its vicinity were developed by these
people with characteristic vigor and intelligence.  Its
colleges, Washington at Washington and Jefferson at
Cannonsburg, ultimately consolidated, were among the
prominent educational institutions of the Union. They
served to strengthen and ramify Presbyterianism, and to
exploit the county and its inhabitants as well.  The
coming of the National Road was another stimulation to
growth. The Hempfield Railroad was completed from
Wheeling to Washington in the "fifties," thus adding to
its resources. It took coal, gas and oil, however, to lift
it from the rut into which its respectable settlers and
some of their successors left it. These elements of the
earth, however, in the quality of their ownership, have
wrought a miracle of change in the quality of population.
The amalgam has done much for the business of the city
and county, and really without detriment to its primitive
possessions, schools and churches. They have more and
better of both than before. The educational and religious
values of the first were established,-and those of the earth
elements have added to them. Washington by natural
growth and annexation has a present population of nearly
25,000 people. It has, besides its college and seminary,
some of the finest churches and school houses in Pennsylvania, and as to private residences, few cities of the
state have those that will compare with them. Its court
house, costing more than a million dollars, is probably
the best outside of the two large cities. Its streets are
many and well-paved. It has a large number of iron and
steel mills and glass factories employing several thousand
persons. It is the only city of its size in the state without
a liquor license.
Uniontown is another of the veteran towns that have
made a distinguished history for themselves and their
state. Planted at the foot of the mountains, easily accessible to both river and mountains, it became the county
capital of Fayette County, and in virtue of its natural
advantages one of the very strong financial centers of the
state.  Iron was m1ade in the mountains not far from
Uniontown a hundred years ago. The value of its coal
and of its coke and also of its agricultural products
has always held the wealth of this city and its county
much beyond that of nearly every other county west of
the divide. The demonstration of the value of coke was.
a great step toward independence for many a farmer.
The demand for the coal was the next step toward great
wealth for many others than farmers.  One result of
this development was to place a Uniontown bank at the
head of the column of the banks of the Union. The
acumen, ability and energy of Josiah Van Kirk Tholnpson were most largely responsible for this distinction,
and this is a matter of national as well as presidential
recognition. Uniontown has a population of about ten
thousand people. It is a city full of handsome residences,
good public buildings, schools and churches.  It has a
number of factories, at present, none of which are pretentious, but sufficiently numerous to keep many of its
people at work. It divides with Connellsville the profits
of the coke business. It has an immense tributary population whose business runs into the millions annually.
CARNEGIE INSTITUTEI58  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
Limestone Company, the principal assets of which are
85 acres of limestone lancd near Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. From the Blair Company's quarries are taken
annually about 6oo,ooo tons of limestone.
Though  capitalized at $30,000,000, the  Jones  
Laughlin Steel Co. is practically a close corporation.
Scarcely at any price could an outsideer buy a share up
its stock. When full of years and honors B. F. Jones
and James Laughlin passesl away, their places ill thae
offices of tae company were assumed by their sons. The
present officers of the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co. are:
B. F. Jones, Jr., Presiden Willis S. King Vice`-President and General Sales Agent; William Larrimer Jones,
Vice-Presiclent ancl General Manager; James B. Lauahllin, Treasu-rer; WVilliamn C. Morelancl, Secretary; Thozmas
K(. Laughlin, Assistant Secretary, ancl Wenclell Hook,
Auditor.
The general offices of the company are located on
Third Avenue and Ross Street, Pittsburgh. The new
Jon  Laughllin Office Buildling, now being erected,s is
a hancldsome steel structure of heiglht ancl proportions
bgefitting the dignity and importance of the company.
On Lake and Canal Streets, Chicago, the company maintains a branch office and a large warehouse. Other
branch offices are at 220 Broadway, New York; 13I
State Street, Boston; in the White Building, Buffalo;
Union Trust Building, Cincinnati; Arcade Building,
Philadelphia; Fourth National Bank Building, Atlanta.
and Crocker Building, San Francisco.
In its relations with labor, in all the eventful years
of its history, the great Jones and Laughlin enterprise
has been notably free from friction. Manifest fairness
on the part of employers usually evokes from emnployees
proper  appreciation.  Characterized  always  by  good
sense and sound business judgment, the Jones  Laughlin management invariably has been such as to secure
from the workmen hearty and faithful co-operation. At
the Jones  Laughlin works was developed the idea that
wages should bear a certain relation to the selling price
of the article produced. The "sliding scale" that was
introduced as the result of the working out of this
theory has been accepted as one of the most just and
equitable arrangements that could be entered into by
and between capital and labor.
The election in 1884 of B. F. Jones, Sr., to the presidency of the American Iron  Steel Association was
not only a tribute to the ability and character of the head
of the enterprise, but also an expression of the high
appreciation of the efficient and most praiseworthy manner in which were carried on the mighty works of Jones
 Laughlin.  As steel manufacturers, Jones,  Laughlin
have been more than abreast of the times.
THE KIDD BROTHERS  BURGHER STEEL
WIRE CO.-The Kidd brothers were born in England.
In their father's factory at Barnsley, near Sheffield, they
of the Ohio River, about 20 miles west of Pittsburgh,
on the Pittsburgh  Lake Erie Railroad, the Jones 
Laughlin Steel Co. acquired a tract of one thousand
acres. On this property, now nearly completed, are
blast furnaces numbers I, 2 and 3.  Each furnace is
90 by 22, and will have a capacity of 5oo tons daily.
The molten metal from these furnaces will be used in
the open-hearth steel furnaces, which the company is
erecting near by.
Adequate and advantageous supplies of raw material
in the form of Superior iron ore, coal, limestone and
natural gas, the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co. owns. The
company is possessed of all the capital stock of the Interstate Iron Company and the Leetonia Mining Company. These companies hold, either through leases or
in f ee, a number of mines on the Mesabi Range in the
Lake Superior region. The Jones  Laughlin Ore Co.,
which operates mines in the Marquette and Gogebic
Ranges, is entirely owned by the Jones  Laughlin Steel
Co. At present the operated mines of the company are
yielding about I,800,000 tons of ore a year.  Besides
the above named properties, the Jones  Laughlin Steel
Co. has several large long-time ore contracts in the
Mesabi and Marquette Ranges. Jones and Laughlin
were the first of Pittsburgh manufacturers to use Superior ore.
The company did pioneer work, too, in the development of the Connellsville coal fields. Now owned wholly
by the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co. is the Vesta Coal
Company, which has about 2o,ooo acres of valuable
coal lands in the fourth pool of the Monongahela River
in Washington County, Pennsylvania. From its mines
are extracted, annually, about 2,500,000 tons of coal.
To provide fuel for its furnaces, the company
operates in Pittsburgh I,898 beehive ovens, which make
yearly 1,330,000 tons of coke. At Aliquippa, planned
to be built in the near future, are goo beehive ovens,
which will have an annual capacity of about 487,ooo net
tons of coke.
To secure natural gas, the company drilled its OWN
wells. The Jones  Laughlin bridge across the Monongahela River and a short line of railroad connect advantageously the company's works. The better to bring its
ore supply "down the Lakes," the Jones  Laughlin Steel
Co. acquired all the capital stock of the Interstate Steamship Company, which owns the ore-carrying steamships
"B. F. Jones" and "James Laughlin. " These vessels,
numbered among the largest and best ore-carriers on the
Lakes, have each a capacity per trip of IO,OOO tons. In
a Lake season they will transport for the company about
450,000 tons of ore. At the port of Ashtabula, Ohio.
the great Angeline docks, with their expeditious and
labor-saving appliances for unloading cargoes, are the
property of the Angeline Dock Company, all the stock
of which is owned by the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co.
The company also has a controlling interest in the BlairT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I 59
pany acquired an advantageous site in Alliquippa, where
the present modern brick factory, of slow-burning construction, protected by an improved sprinkler system,
was built.
In 1895 Edwin Kidd withdrew from the firm, and
his two brothers, Walter and Harry, were admitted. In
that year the company was incorporated under the laws
of Pennsylvania as the Kidd Brothers  Burgher Steel
Wire Co. Subsequently Harry Kidd died, and successively the interests of William Kidd and Walter Kidd
were acquired by Rutherford Burgher.
The present officers of the Kidd Brothers  Burgher
Steel Wire Co. are: Rutherford Burgher, President;
Howard Flinn, Vice-President; C. R. Burgher, Treasurer, and Joseph E. Wilson, Secretary. The Directorate of the company is constituted as follows: Rutherford Burgher, Howard Flinn, H. W. Sutton, E. C. M.
Christiansen and C. R. Burgher.
The nicety and exactitude of the company's work is
intimated when it is stated that a polished drill rod demands a nickel finish; it must be sized, accurately, within
one-half of the thousandth part of an inch; it requires
a high tempering quality, and also must be free-cutting
so that it may be worked in an automatic screw machine.
The principal manufactures of the company are
classified as follows:
Special drill rods, polished watch wire, polished pinion wire, soft screw wire, square drill rods, crucible
drill rods, roller-bearing rods, gun screw  rods. dental
octagon rods, special shape rods, superior black steel,
polished needle wire, crucible needle wire, latch needle
wire, spring needle wire, coiled cast steel wire, annealed
special tool steel.
In the mantufacture of polished drill rods, tool steel
wire and special drawn shapes for small twist drills, taps,
reamers, punches, dental tools, watch parts, typewriter
parts and essentials of electrical appliances, the Kidd
Brothers  Burgher Steel Wire Co. is unequalled.
The company's steel is distinguished by its high
temper, dense structure and fine grain. It analyzes lower
in phosphorus and sulphur than any other steel on the
market. A special process secures for it unrivaled uniformity of quality and temper.
Its trade-mark, the "Three Kids," is the symbol of
the highest excellence.  The products of the company
are used and appreciated the world around.
The ability displayed in the production of the company's specialties has been rewarded by greatly extended
trade. Though the total capital of the company at the
beginning was but scant $I,500, the annual sales now
amount to more than  quarter of a million.  The business that started with but two employees now gives employment to II8 skilled workmen.
That a factory in the Pittsburgh district has been
so successful in work of such a delicate and exacting
nature; that parties here, by their own unaided efforts,
learned the trade of wire-drawing. Prior to coming to
America, William Kidd worked for a while in the famous Sheffield establishment of Peter Stubs.
The son of Dr. J. C. Burgher, who for forty years
was one of Pittsburgh's leading physicians, Rutherford
Burgher is a Pittsburgher by birth. After graduating
from the Pittsburgh High School he took a post graduate course in chemistry at the Western University of
Pennsylvania. His first work was that of a clerk in the
money order department of the local post-office. Then
he secured a position with Miller, Metcalf  Parkin as a
shipping clerk at the Crescent Steel Works. From a
clerkship to the position of foreman of the forge he was
promoted. Later he was made superintendent of the
wire mill, which situation he held for over six years.
On October I5, I885, Edwin Kidd, William Kidd
and Rutherford Burgher formed a co-partnership called
the Kidd Steel Wire Company.
In Harmarville, in Allegheny County, belonging to
the Denny Estate was an old, disused flour mill, which
formerly had been operated by water power.  In the
old mill the new company installed a boiler secured from
a sunken steamboat. To the resurrected boiler was attached a rehabilitated engine with a wooden fly wheel.
From designs made by William Kidd was constructed
an annealing furnace. Edwin Kidd, the expert worker
in tool steel, devised improvements on the English methods of drawing polished wire. With one wire-straightening bench, one wire-drawing bench, and a capital
amounting to, not quite, $1,500, with two employees, the
three partners commenced operations. In the old mill,
thus fitted up at Harmarville, was made the first American polished-steel drill rod.
At that time practically all the fine steel wire used in
watch-making and in the construction of dental machinery, typewriters and the like, was imported.
The first large user of this steel to be convinced of
the superiority of the American product was the wellknown Waltham Watch Company. The watch steel
made by the Kidd Steel Wire Company proved so satisfactory in every way that the president of the Waltham
Company, in a paper read before the Watchmakers' Association, stated that the American drill rod was demonstrated to be superior to the imported English article. A large New York importing house was the next
to take up the Kidd polished drill rod instead of "Stubs'."
In three years the company's business grew beyond
the capacity of the old mill in Harmarville. A larger
factory was secured in Sharpsburg. Six years of prosperity made the Sharpsburg factory inadequate. An
eligible location was purchased in McKees Rocks, and
there a new and improved plant was erected. On June
2, 1902, a burglar dynamited the company's safe, and
the explosion burst a gas pipe in the office. This caused
a fire which resulted in the entire destruction of the factory. Undiscouraged by the loss of its plant, the comi160  T H E   S T 0 R Y   0 F   P I T T S B U R G H
largest of these domes is 62 feet eight inches in diameter;
the structural steel in it weighs I 30 tons, yet it is adjusted with microscopic accuracy and moves on its rollers
smoothly and easily. The other domes are smaller, but
not less perfectly constructed. By W. N. Kratzer  Co.
also were built two steel domes for the observatory of
Amherst University, at Amherst, Massachusetts.
The plant at 3212-3230 Smallman Street, an aggregation of busy and well-equipped workshops giving employment to 120 men, is owned bv W. N. Kratzer, who
carries on his business under the designation of W. N.
Kratzer  Co.
Founded in I 897, the Kratzer establishment, by
virtue of being well conducted, in a decade has risen to
its present flourishing condition.
LA BELLE IRON WORKS, STEUBENVILLE, OHIO
-The immensity of the iron and steel industry is
not entirely expressed in statistics. Its importance is
greater than the amount of money invested. The total
tonnage does not represent all of the output.  Nor is
its acceleration measured exactly according to the number of men employed.  Its magnitude attains to the
fourth dimension. Mathematics are inadequate for the
ascertainment of the true value of the capitalization and
utilization of resources and opportunities that practically
extend from the ore-yielding earth to the utmost limitation of human endeavor. Iron and steel can not be
disassociated from civilization. In the making of iron
and steel and in the use of them is exemplified the
progress of nations. In steel production and allied industries the United States now leads the world. The
acknowledgment then that the company is a considerable
factor (one that is always accorded consideration because its size and possibilities will not permit it to be
ignored) in the iron and steel trade of the country, is
strong, undeniable recognition that asserts and emphasizes the importance of La Belle Iron Works.
Rightly classed among the very large iron and steel
concerns of the United States, La Belle Iron Works
possess a prestige much greater than is indicated by the
capitalization. A company that has grown from comparative inconspicuousness to national prominence must
have in its composition all the elements of success. A
company that has been favorably known in the iron business f or over 50 years is apt to be pretty well established. Though the company may pride itself a little on
the history it has helped to make in the development of
manufacturing in the Ohio Valley, it derives more satisfaction from the results it is securing to-day. Though
it enjoys the benefits passing years have conferred on
it in the form of enhanced distinction and commercial
standing it draws the dead line on everything that
savors of antiquated methods or deterioration. Wide
attention is attracted to the company by the efficiency of
its administration.
could surpass the best workmanship of Europe; that
the superiority of the American product should be so
amply proven are certainly occasions for the manifestations of honest pride. Optimum non nimis bonum est.
THE KITTANNING IRON  STEEL MANUFACTURING CO.-In substantial prosperity may be
perceived the success that comes f rom good management. The efficiency of the officers and directors of the
Kittanning Iron  Steel Manufacturing Co. is more than
satisfactorily attested by the excellent results this progressive corporation has invariably achieved.
Originally known as the Kittanning Iron Company,
Lim., organized on November 5, I 879, it had for its
first officers: James Mosgrove, Chairman; Charles T.
Neale, General Manager; Henry King, General Superintendent, and Henry A. Colwell, Secretary and Treasurer.
Capitalized at $I50,000, it began business in Kittanning by buying the old rolling mill there that had been
built in 1848. This mill was remodeled and again started
up in I88o. In June, I88o, a new blast furnace, 65 feet
high by I4 1/2 feet bosch, was blown in; then operating
on native ore, this furnace had an annual capacity of
30,000 tons. Now using Lake Superior ores and increased power, this same furnace is producing 6o,ooo
tons a year.
Incorporated in July, I 904, under the laws of the
State o f Pennsylvania as the Kittanning Iron  Steel
Manufacturing Co., its present capitalization is $400,ooo. Besides its offices at the works at Kittanning, the
company maintains an office in Pittsburgh.
W. N. KRATZER  CO. Outside of the contracts
accepted in this city the Kratzer Works fabricated and
made ready for erection all the structural steel for Curry
 Co.'s department store, the First National Bank Building, a grain elevator with elevated connecting bridges,
and a ten-story office building, all in Minneapolis, Minnesota; a paper mill in Ohio, which contract called for
I,OOO tons of structural steel; several large cement plants
on the Pacific Coast; mine ancl mill buildings for Utah
copper companies; the building of the Bessemer steel
plant at Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Canada; a sugar
refinery in Cuba, and a large pontoon for a dredging
company in South America.
In Pittsburgh, in addition to the other work on hand,
W. N. Kratzer  Co. are fabricating the structural steel
and are otherwise associatedwith the erection of the
seven-story mercantile building at Twenty-sixth and
Carson Streets, on the South Side.
The Kratzer establishment not only takes large contracts, but it does special work, undertakings that call
for the utmnost accuracy and precision. This feature of
the Kratzer ability is attested by the construction of the
three steel domes of the Allegheny Observatory. TheFrom the mining of the materials to the shipping of
the finished product, the company's arrangements could
scarcely be improved tpon. In its mineral lands in Minnesota are deposits of iron ore sufficient to last the company many years, even though the present annual output of La Belle Iron Works should be considerably enlarged. In Fayette County, Pennsylvania, the company
has extensive coal properties and a large number of coke
ovens. It mines its own coal.  Such good use is made
of electric mining and hauling appliances that once the
coal is loaded on cars in the mines, the services of a
shovel are uncalled for; all the coke required for the
blast furnaces is made in the coke ovens of the company. Steubenville, Ohio, with its numerous and excellent railroad connections, is an especially convenient
shipping point; in other respects, too, Steubenville is
admirably adapted to be the location of an industrial
enterprise of the size and diversity of La Belle Iron
Works.  In addition to procuring for the company all
the advantages which the thriving Ohio city affords, La
Belle Iron Works have another stronghold in Wheeling,
West Virginia.
In the city of Wheeling (Virginia, then), nine years
before the Civil War comnmenced, and more than a decade prior to the admission in the Union of the State
of West Virginia, were established La Belle Iron Works.
At the inception of the business, away back in I852, of
course no one ever dreamed that the company would
ever grow to be what it is to-day, nevertheless the foundations for future greatness were well laid. The original
plant consisted of puddling furnaces, skelp mnills and
large facilities for the manufacture of cut nails.  In
I892 to the Wheeling enterprise was added a large, modern tin-plate plant. Some years ago the tin-plate plant
was sold to the American Tin-Plate Company, and afterwards became a part of the assets of the United States
Steel Corporation. At Wheeling, braving the vicissitudes
of fifty years, La Belle Iron Works prospered.  Eventually the puddling furnaces were removed, but the skelp
mills and the nail factory, thoroughly remodeled and
brought up to date, are still owned and actively, profitably
operated by the company. The average daily output of
the Wheeling branch of La Belle Iron Works is 250
tons of skelp, nail and tack plate, and I,ooo kegs of
nails.
When the old Jefferson Iron Works of Steubenville
experienced reverses and fell into the hands of a receiver, La Belle Iron Works corporation made a very
advantageous purchase.  Soon after the property was
transferred the antiquated Jefferson Mills were torn
down.  It was planned that La Belle Iron Works at
Steubenville should be one of the most notable and bestequippecl plants in America. Into the plans, finally decided upon, were combined about all that science could
devise or past experience in the iron and steel business
suggest in the way of improvement.  Faithfully, inexorably, at great expense, those plans were carried out
to the most minute detail.  Admittedly the results
achieved more than justify the expenditures of time and
money incurred.
At Steubenville the company sectred a tract of about
75 acres, considerably more than half of which is now
covered by various plants.  At present La Belle Iron
Works consist of two blast furnaces of a capacity of
from 8o00 to goo tons of pig-iron daily; nine 6o-ton basic
open-hearth furnaces which produce every 24 hours more
than I,400 tons of raw steel; a "45-inch blooming mill"
for the conversion of steel into "billets and slabs"; a
universal or continuous mnill for the manufacture of universal plates; an 84-inch sheared plate mill, which will
turn out plate up to about 72 inches wide; and last, but
not least, the tube works fully equipped to make a complete line of black and galvanized merchant pipe from
one-eighth of an inch to twelve inches in diameter, as
well as the principal sizes of line pipe and casing. As
accessories to the above there are thoroughly equipped
blacksmith, carpenter, electrical, plumlbing and pattern
shops; a foundry; an electric light and power plant; a
storehouse; well arranged and plentifully supplied chemical and physical laboratories; an enormous ore dock;
trackage and rolling stock in which is included ten locomotives; thus is hinted at, rather than declared, the
PLANT OF LA BELLE IRON WORKS, STEUBENVILLE, OHIOi62  T H  E   S, T O R Y   O F   P I sT T s B U R G H
ation of   secure proper comprehension of the capacity of the La
to evoke  Belle Iron Works.
with the      In reckoning on the output of La Belle Iron Works,
y realize  quality even more than quantity must be considered.  At, but   Steubenville the company has installed eleven new finishprofesses   ing mills desigined for the manufacture of light plates
what is   and black galvanized sheets.  Through these mills the
Works   company is enabled to sell practically its entire steel
output in the finished form instead of marketing a por-'s thun-   tion of it in a semifinished state.  The sheets manufacVulcan,  tured by the La Belle Iron Works unquestionably are
iron and  equal, if not superior, to any now  on the market.  Not
ers, visit  for one product alone does the company possess a highly
puzzled   desirable reputation.  Making with zealous care highvould be   grade open-hearth steel, the company, keenly conscious of
La Belle  the advantages and benefits that accrue to concerns that
nderous,  continually demonstrate beyond any doubt the superior
ectricity,  quality of their output, spares neither expense nor effort
ines and   in the attainment of the best.  That it can and does all
ing pre-  the time produce steel of admittedly superior quality is
er-work-   well recognized.
and be-       On turning from the physical to the financial side of
ation of   the enterprise the same portentous magnitude is found.
La Belle Iron Works are capitalized at $7,500,000.
ne at the  Even in these times of gigantic undertakings it is an
ained by   unusually large corporation.  The respect which its size
gures of   commands is increased by the character of the investis taken,  ments which  stock  in  the company  represents.  The
just one   nature and extent of its assets, as well as its ability to
sands of   pay, regularly, substantial dividends more than justify
llows:     the present capitalization.  In this respect the company
occupies a proud eminence. Not every corporation that
has an imposing sum  named as its capitalization can
show, in proportion to the amount of stock issued, holdings of such evident value. The money put into the La
Belle Iron Works and appurtenant properties was most
judiciously invested. The immense plant at Steubenville
in its entirety is of the best modern construction Nothing about it may be stigmatized as a drawback or a deficiency. La Belle Iron Works, completely equipped with
the  most approved labor-saving, cost-reducing devices,
supplied with unexcelled facilities, need fear no competitor. Possessing iron and coal mines and making
y's work   its own coke it is now  in a position not only to deliver
d the an- an immense output of acknowledged quality, but also
kable, in  to produce the same under conditions that make f or
What a   profit.
lions and     Constantly employed by La Belle Iron Works are
on end,  about 5,ooo men.  E very month the company's expendand bars itures for labor amount to more than a quarter of a
company million dollars.
e carried      The importance of the company, the prosperity and
ground, success it has attained, make very evident the ability and
sheets? good judgment of the men who guide and direct its
se ques- affairs. The positions which they occupy impose upon
dimensions of the enterprise. The mere enumeration
the subdivisions and supplements is sufficient to evoke
the appreciation of the expert; those familiar with the
steel business, as at present conducted, will easily realize
how much may be covered by a brief descript, but
to the outsider, in fact to the average man who professes
to be fairly well informed on most subjects, what is
accomplished in a great plant like La Belle Iron Works
is so wondrous as to seem almost inconceivable.
The mythological genius who forged Jove's thunderbolts is outdone by modern Titans. Could Vulcan,
whom the ancients worshiped as the deity of the iron and
steel industry, endowed with all his fabled powers, visit
earth to-day, he would shrink back aghast, dazed, puzzled
into stupefaction by the sights with which he would be
confronted. In the red glare of fierce fires at La Belle
Iron Works he would see heated, incessant, ponderous,
well-regulated activity. Aided by steam and electricity,
man's ingenuity has infused into massive machines and
mighty appliances appalling power and unerring precision. With machine-like regularity these wonder-work-`
ers without difficulty accomplish tasks above and beyond the ability and strength that the imagination of
Homer gave to the gods of Greece.
Perhaps a more adequate idea of what is done at the
Steubenville La Belle Iron Works could be obtained by
having recourse to arithmetic instead of using figures of
speech. Though for the purpose of computation is taken
not a year, nor a month, nor yet a week, but just one
day, the figures run up into hundreds, yes, thousands of
tons. Itemized the average daily output is as follows:
Pig iron.........................
Basic open-hearth steel ingots.......
Billets and slabs...................
Sheet  bars.......................
Universal plates...................
Sheared plates....................
Basic open-hearth and Bessemer steel
skelp...........................
Merchant  pipe................
Line pipe and casing................
Sheets, black and galvanized........
850 gross tons
I,400
I,IOO
700
450
400
250
250
I 50
200
Multiply the prodigious results of one day's work
by the number of working days in a year, and
nual production is shown to be-a total unthinkable, in
the iron and steel business, fifty years ago.
pyramid could be made with the heaped-up millions and
millions of tons of steel ingots! Placed end on end,
how far would those millions of tons of slabs and bars
extend? If all the pipe manufactured by the company
in a year was used, to what distance could be carried
a continuous line of pipe? Spread out on the ground,
what area would be covered by the aggregated sheets?
Any clever mathematician could answer the
tions, but is uncertain that his explicit statements would
them vast and varied responsibilities. But the worldis assured by the excellent progress the company is making of the fitness and capacity of the officers and directors
of La Belle Iron Works.  Manifestly the company, clespite its resources and opportunities, would not be so
great as it is, if the other adjuncts of greatness were
not complemented by great management.  The officers
of the company are Isaac M. Scott, President; W. D.
Crawford, Vice-President and General Manager; H. D. Mlitchell, Secretary; R. C. Kirk, Treasurer, and
J. H. Gilmore, Assistant Treasurer
and Auditor.  On the company's
Board of Directors are Isaac M.
Scott, W. D. Crawford, D. J. Sinclair, W. S. Foltz, George Creer,
H. C. Franzheiim, W. H. Hearne,
N. E. Whitaker, A. HI. Woodward,
Edward Hazlett and J. J. Holloway.
So good is the established denmand for products of the company
that nearly all of the output of the La Belle Iron Works
is marketed at home. The export trade of the company
has not been specially catered to in any manner.
THE LOCKHAR:T IRON  STEEL CO.-Among
the great industrial establishments of the Pittsburgh
district the Lockhart Iron  Steel Co. occupies a prominent place. Operating what is probably the largest independent iron mill in the
country, and producing
iron of a quality acclaimned from Maine to
California for its excellence, this s t r o n g,
well-m1anaged  concern
adds year by year to its
prestige and annually
discovers an increasing
demand for its output.
Organized in I89o,
the company acquired
the Vulcan Forge 
Iron Works at McKees
Rocks,  Pennsylvania,
and proceeded to miake
a specialty o f h i g hgrade iron suitable for
work  requiring  material of superior quality.  "No  better iron made" is
the verdict which the iron trade everywhere has accorded to the "Vulcan Brand" of the Lockhart Iron
  Steel Co.  For engine bolts, and for similar purposes where the greatest care must be exercised to
secure miaterial of absolute reliability, the conpany's
"Vulcan  Special" is largely  used  with the best results. For locomotive staybolts its "Vulcan X X," being, equal at least to the best grades of imported iron, is
always in great demand.  The company turns out also
large quantities of high-grade refined iron well adapted
to general blacksmithing purposes, but cheaper in price
than the brands natned above. The hexagon iron and
steel which the comlpany manufactures in size frotm
three-eighth inch to three and oneeighth inches in quality is the best
obtainable.  To its list it has recently added octagons in both iron
and  steel.  In  square  root iron
angles, which  are  used  largely
where steel angles can not be utilized, the company has an extensive
and continually growing trade. Its
output of angles, in both iron and
steel, comprises square root, fillet
and round backs.  Besides its specialties the conmpany manufactures
all kinds of bar, band and grooved
iron. With respect to mnaterials used, mnethods emnployed
or workmlanship shown in its products, the Lockhart
Steel  Iron Co. is second to none. Its steady desire,
aim and ambition is to achieve the best. The reputation
which the comnpany has sustained for years proves that
neither in intent nor fulfilment has there been a falling
off from the high standard established.
The better to supply the demands made upon it by
old and new customers,
the  company  recently
erected  an  additional
mill of large capacity
and equipped  it with
the most approved
modern  appliances.
Even the enlarged facilities, however, were
exceeded by the orders
that poured  in.  The
mill can scarcely keep
tip with the requisitions
made for its products.
One of the first of
Pittsburgh's great capitalists, Charles Lockhart, fromn the date of
incorporation up to the
time of his demise, was
the president and leading stockholder of the Lockhart Iron    Steel Co.  Upon  the  death  of Mr.
Lockhart, his son, J. M. Lockhart, succeeded to the
presidency. The Secretary and Treasurer, T. J. Gillespie,
is and has been since its organization in charge of
its business.  The  Vice-President of the company,
WV. M. McKelvey, who is also at present the PresiOFFICE OF THE LOCKHART IRON  STEEL
CO., McKEES ROCIKS, PA.
PLANT OF THE LOCKHART IRON  STEEL CO., McKEES ROCKS, P_dent of the Alpha-Portland Cement Company, was formerly, for a number of years, in charge of the Standard
Oil Company's extensive interests in Pittsburgh. On the
directorate of the company are J. M. Lockhart, James
H. Lockhart, W. M. McKelvey, J. W. Hubbard and
T. J. Gillespie.  The company's purchasing and sales
agent is J. M. Gillespie, and Samuel Poster is superintendent of the mills that give work to about I,ooo men.
In addition to this strong board of officers and directors it has another and an almost unique distinction in
its absolute independence.  Upon this fact it most naturally prides itself.
The Lockhart Iron  Steel Co. is not associated with
any "Trust" or any other corporation.  Possessed of
ample resources, certain of its trade, it stands alone on
its merits.  Being the embodiment of progress in the
iron business, representing as it does the best traditions
of the industry that has made Pittsburgh prosperous and
famous, the company
through the wide distribution of its superior
products has gained a
distinction and a reputation of which any
corporation  however
large would be proud.
To have such fame attached, deservedly, to
the company is of
nore importance than
any glory conferred by
t h e m e r e items of
tonnage and capitalization.  The recognition gained, the results
that  have  been
achieved, s p e a k eloquently in praise of
excellent management. That management has no rival
even among companies that have, perhaps, a more worldwide fame. This is a point that is generally conceded.
THE McCONWAY  TORLEY CO.-A large
mnanufacturing concern which for many years has been
a thoroughly representative one in its line and has contributed very largely to Pittsburgh's reputation for industrial supremacy, is the McConway  Torley Co.,
whose extensive plant is located at Forty-eighth Street
and the Allegheny Valley Railroad, Pittsburgh, Pa. At
this location the company has excellent shipping facilities by both rail and river, the one acting as a check
upon the other and guaranteeing fair freight rates.
The company is engaged in the general manufacture
of malleable and steel castings, while it is the sole manufacturer of the "Janney" coupler for passenger and
freight cars, and of the "Kelso" and "Pitt" couplers for
freight cars only. It is a familiar fact in railroad history and development that this company was the original
promoter and manufacturer of the "M. C. B." type of
coupler which is now in universal use on the railroads of
this country. The original coupler of this class was the
"Janney," which has been made exclusively by this company as well as the "Kelso," the "Pitt" and the "Janney
X" couplers, embodying later developments and improvements. This concern also manufactures exclusively the
"Buhoup 3-stem equipment" designed especially for use
on passenger equipment.
The universally high standing of Pittsburgh's steel
and iron products is in no instance better exemplified or
illustrated than in the output of the McConway  Torley
Co., and this output enjoys a reputation at home and
abroad which could not afford to be sacrificed by putting
anything of an inferior quality upon the market.
The officers of this company are experienced business
men  w h o caretully
guard its interests and
at the same time look
after the interests of
their patrons as well as
themselves. They regard mutual satisfaction as between the
mnanufacturer and the
trade essential to lasting success. These officers are: Win. McC o n w a y, president;
Stephen C. M ason,
secretary; E. M. Grove,
treasurer; WiAn. McConway, Jr., superintendent, and  G. W.
McCandless,  auditor.
Mr. McConway, t h e
head of this enterprise, is well known not only in Pittsburgh business circles, but as a highly public-spirited and
representative citizen who has given much time and
thought to the civic advancement of the community. He
has served with unselfish interest and effectiveness on a
number of commissions appointed to solve various civic
and municipal problems, and has received the thanks of
his fellow-citizens. Perhaps his greatest work, although
as yet unfinished, has been as chairman of the Carnegie
Institute board of trustees' committee charged with devising the plan and scope of the great Carnegie Technical
schools and erecting the buildings for that institution.
This work, which is now well advanced and the schools
now open, has admittedly been done with such rarely
exacting care and intelligence that Pittsburgh will soon
have one of the greatest "tech" schools in the worldthanks to Mr. Carnegie's millions, and the watchful
interest of Wm. McConway and his colleagues.T H E   S T O R Yt  O F   P I T T S E'U R G H    i65
THE MARSHALL FOUNDRY COMPANYThe Marshall Foundry Company was established January I, 1905, With W. M. McCulloch president and general manager, and Richard Muse as foundry superintendent.
The company produces ingot molds and heavy iron
castings of all descriptions, having a capacity of 250 tons
per day. The employees of the company number from
250 to 3oo. This company is the lessee of the old-established Marshall Foundry, which was previously operated
by Thomas Marshall, deceased. Its cash capital of
$150,000 is fully paid in.
The location of the plant is on the Buffalo  Allegheny Valley division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, at
Twenty-eighth Street, and has direct railroad connection with both the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad systems.
The Marshall foundry's trade is confined to the
United States and Canada. The class of products manufactured by this company includes ingot molds and
heavy iron castings of all descriptions as follows: Columns, bases, hoppers, bells, hearth j ackets, cooling
plates, lintels, sills, door jambs, wheel guards, trenchcover plates, etc.
It also makes a specialty of all classes of cylinder
work for condensing and heating systems, filters and
evaporators, pots and kettles for the manufacture of
acids and soaps, Weimer ladle linings, and Burg cinder
pots, in fact anything in the line of iron castings up to
6o,ooo pounds each.
THE NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY-The utilization of tubes or pipes of wrought iron and steel
has contributed wonderfully to the industrial development of the country.  The manufacturing of tubing on
a large scale by processes that secure for a comparatively
low outlay strong and dependible pipes of practically
any size desired, not only greatly facilitates oil and gas
production, but enables producers and purchasers to convey advantageosly and cheaply to distant points immense quantities of oil and natural gas. To the tube
establishments, now owned and operated by the United
States Steel Corporation, the nation owes more than a
debt of gratitude. In the United States, tube manufacturing has attained its highest development, its greatest
proportions.  Elsewhere there is nothing to  compare
adequately with the mighty enterprises that are known
as the National Tube Company. The huge plants that
supply the country's steel pipage are, of right, accounted
among the most appreciated assets of the United States
Steel Corporaton. The demand for steel tubes of various descriptions is enormous and continuous. To meet
successfully incessant requisitions for steel pipe for different purposes taxes at times the capacity of the National Tube Company ( of Pittsburgh ), The National
Tube Company (of Ohio), and the Shelby Steel Tube
Company. In order that one may properly understand
how stupendous such a demanld mtllst bge, it is olnly necessary to see how great is the capacity of each of tllese
comnpanies, to ascertainl castially the size ancl extent of
thleir facilities, to be postecl sotiiewvliat concernlig tlieirworks and resources.
Thle namnes and locatioiis of tlje prilncipal works of
tlle thee comapanies
N\ational Tuble Com--palnyYotingstow1l AVorks,
Youtngstown, Ohlio; Steubenville Works, Steublenville,
Ohlio; Riversicle Works, Benwoodl, WVest Viruinia; Penltsylvania Works, Pittsbtircyh, Peninsylvainia; Col-tinenltal
Works, Pittsbgurglh, Pen1ilsylvaiiia; N\ational Works,
M/c Keesport, Pennlsylvanlia; U. S. Sea1l-less Works,
Cliristy Park, Pennsylvania; Anlierican WVorks, Midclletown, Pennsylvania; Allison Works, Pllilladelpljia,
Pen-nsylvania; Syracuse Works, Syracuse, New York.
Tlle National Tubge Cotiipaiiy-Loralin Works, Loraiii, Ohio.
Sl-ielbgy Steel Tuble Comp)any-Albgany WYorks, Albgany, Indiana; Shelby Works, Slielby, 01-iio; Greenville
AVorks, Greenville, Pennsylvania; Elwood Works, Elwvood City, Pennsylvania; Stanclard Seamnless Works.
Elwood City, Pennsylvanlia; Hartforcl Works, H1artfordl,
Connecticut.
CoMprised in the works above nameD are the woorld's
mightiest and most approved appliances for steel-tube
making.  Beginning with blast furnaces, National Tube
Company has six, namely:
The Monongahela Furnaces at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, three stacks (Furnace A, go by 2o, Furnace B,
go by 2o, Furnace C, 90 by 22 ) having a combined
capacity of 425,000 gross tons of pig iron annually.
The Riverside Furnaces, Benwood, West Virginia,
two stacks (Furnace A, 75 by 17, Furnace B, IOO by
2I ), the aggregate capacity of whichl is 250,000 gross
tons of pig iron in a year.
The Steubenville Furnace, Steubenville, Ohio, one
stack ( 75 by I6) with an annual capacity of 72,000
gross tons of pig iron.
The four furnaces of The National Tube Company
(of Ohio) are all located at Lorain; Furnaces numbers
I and 2 are each IOO0 by 21, Furnaces numbers 3 and 4
alike are 85 by 22; the total capacity of the quartette is
650,000 gross tons of pig iron yearly.
National Tube Company's Bessemer steel works are
two, to wit:
Mononghela Works, M/cK(eesport; equtippedl witli
two  8-gross-ton Bessemer converters; four 10-foot
cupolas; three 4-hole soaking pits; one 2oo-ton mixer,
and one 2-high 36-inch reversing blooming train: at-ntual
capacity 330,000 tons of ingots and 200,000 tons of
slabs and billets.
Riversicle Works, Belnwoocl, West Virginia, equtippecl
withtwo  -gross-ton BEessemer converters; thlree 8-foot
cupoas; wo  -hole soaking pits, and one 2-Iligh 3o-inch1reversing blooming mill; annual capacity, I50,000 tons
of ingots and 135,000 tons of slabs and billets-not the
largest, but by no means the smallest output.
The Bessemer steel works of The National Tube
Company (of Ohio) at Lorain contain two 10-gross-ton
acid converters, 28 soaking pits, a 34 by 900-inch plate
mill, and one 28-inch reversing mill, one 30 by 48-inch
universal mill, and one 14-inch continuous mill for making pipe skelp; annual capacity, 625,000 tons of ingots
and 875,000 tons of rolled products.
In their variously segregated departments of production the two National Tube Companies operate three
blooming, slabbing, billet and sheet-bar works with five
mills; one rail mill; two puddling' plants with 75 puddling
furnaces and two muck rolls; seven skelp plants with
23 mills, io tube plants with 58 furnaces, one thread protector works and three galvanizing plants.  The combined manufacturing facilities of the two companies are
capable of an output approximating 1,250,000 gross tons
of pipe and boiler tubes, and about 40,000 tons of galvanized goods annually.
In the early part of the past century, hand-made pipe,
slowly constructed by welding a few inches at a time,
was utilized.  About I835 lap-welding was introduced.
In the fabrication of lap-welded pipe to-day, after being
heated the strips or plates of metal have their edges
scarfed or beveled by being passed through a series of
rolls. Then as it is drawn through a die the edges curl
up and overlap. The skelp or partly made pipe is heated
a second time and welded by passing it through two
rolls, the inner lap resting on a stationary mandrel which
corresponds to a blacksmith's anvil.  The pipe is then
straightened, threaded, tested by water pressure, and the
manufacture is complete.
Butt-welded pipes are made by drawing a heated
plate through a conical die, thus pressing the edges so
firmly together that they unite.  The further steps in
the process are the same as for lap-welded pipe. Usually
butt-welded pipe is made in small sizes, from one-eighth
to about one inch in diameter. Lap-welded pipe runs in
larger sizes, fromnan inch to thirty inches in diameter.
Pipes are sometimes drawn from a hollow or cylindrical
ingot formed by passing a heated round billet through
diagonal rolls and over a mandrel.
By reheating and rolling under pressure the ingot is
finally brought down to the desired diameter and thickness. It is then annealed, pickled and cold-drawn to give
it the required finish.
In I9oI patents were granted for a process of rolling large sizes of seamless steel pipe from  hollow cast
ingots or cylinders. The range of sizes is from I2 to 30
inches in diameter, with shells from one-eighth to one
and one-quarter inches thick. The essential parts of the
machine are two sets of internal and two sets of external
rolls, all being placed at right angles to the axis of the
pipe being rolled and having curved surfaces corresponding respectively to the inner and outer circumference of
the ingot.  There are three rolls in each set, making
altogether contact with about one-half of the respective
surfaces of the ingot. The second set of rolls in each
case is so placed to come in contact with those portions
of the ingot, which are not touched by the first set. In
addition the ingots can be rotated through a part of their
circumference.  The six tube mills of the Shelby Steel
Tube Company are all equipped for the fabrication of
seamless steel pipe.
Included in the equipment of the Shelby Steel Tube
Company are four skelp plants with II mills, one merchant bar, hoop and cotton tie plant, and six improved
seamless tube mills.  The total annual capacity of the
six seamless-drawn tube mills is 21,000,000 feet of cycle
tubes, and 35,000 tons of boiler tubes.
The capitalization of the National Tube Company is
$8o,ooo,ooo; that of The National Tube Company (of
Ohio) amounts to $9,ooo,ooo, while the Shelby Steel
Tube Company has an authorized capitalization of $I5,NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, McKEESPORT PLANTT H E     S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I67
ooo,ooo, stock of the par value of $13,151,5oo has been
issued. The entire amount of the stock issue of the
National Tube Companies and practically all the stock
of the Shelby Steel Company is owned by the United
States Steel Corporation.  Representing  a capital of
more than $1oo,ooo,ooo, with an annual production considerably exceeding 1,ooo,ooo tons, the tube companies
that are subsidiaries of "United States Steel" conspicuously take rank among the most important manufacturing enterprises of the country.
In the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, are the offices of
the affiliated companies. Of all three companies William
B. Schiller is President; Edward B. Worcester, First
Vice-President, and John D. Culbertson, Second VicePresident. Of the National Tube Companies John D.
Culbertson is also Secretary and Treasurer. Other important officers of National Tube Company are: Taylor
Alderdyce, Third Vice-President; B. C. Moise, A ssistant
Treasurer, Assistant Secretary and Auditor; Peter Boyd,
General Superintendent; George S. Garritt, Assistant
General Manager of Sales; S. M. Lynch, Purchasing
Agent, and Thomas Ewing, Solicitor. Of the National
Tube Company (of Ohio ) Taylor Alderdyce is Third
Vice-President, and Max M. Suppes, Manager at Lorain.
Of the Shelby Steel Tube Company, J. H. Nicholson is
Third Vice-President, J. M. Shaw, Auditor, and J. W.
Phillips, Assistant Treasurer.
Besides steel manufacturing plants, the National Tube
Company is possessed of 120 Semet-Solvay by-product
coke ovens at Benwood, West Virginia, which have an
annual capacity of I5o,ooo net tons. The National Tube
Company owns valuable ore mines in the Gogebic and
Menominee Ranges o f the Lake Superior region, and
has also extensive interests in limestone quarries in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. -
The standard length of cast iron pipe is 12 feet, and
its diameter ranges from 2 to 60 inches.  The great
thickness of the shell, which, of course, increases with
the diameter, makes very large pipe too heavy easy
handling where special appliances for the purpose are
not available. This is sometimes obviated by casting it
in shorter lengths.
For certain uses wrought iron and steel pipes of
large sizes often have their longitudinal and circular
joints riveted instead of welded.
Of practically every form and size of pipe fabricated
from iron or steel, the three tube companies are the
producers not only of the best, but the greatest amount.
Their combined output is so vast and so diversified that
none but an expert could g ive in detail a correct description of it.
In no department o f steel-making, nowhere in the
business of fabricating iron and steel into useful shapes,
are there stronger evidences of success than the excellent showing made by the three tube companies. Though
they market some parts of their output abroad, to a
great extent their production and trade is characteristically American.
In a small plant, built in South Boston by J. H.
Flagler in 1867, was the beginning of the great enterprise at present comprised in the National Tube Companies.  In  I869  was incorporated the National Tube
Works Company, which acquired the East Boston plant.
Of this company J. C. Converse was President; P. W.
French, Secretary; William S. Eaton, Treasurer, and
J. H. Flagler, General Manager. The rapid development of the oil fields in western Pennsylvania created a
great demand for pipe.  About that time Pittsburgh
showed to those who could see signs of becoming a
center of the iron and steel industry. Proximity to market and other advantages which the vicinity o ffered,
caused the National Tube Works to be moved to McKeesport in 1872. In September of that year the mill
with one furnace was placed in operation. Three additional furnaces were completed, and the construction of
a fourth began, when, on April 9, I873, the tube works
were destroyed by fire. But the work of reconstruction
was hastened, and in a few months after the fire three
furnaces were running. A butt-weld mill, built in I874,
burned in 1876; it was rebuilt with a year.  Business
assumed such proportions that the butt-weld mill erected
in 1886 was 400 feet long and 330 feet wide. During
the following 14 years the works were repeatedly enlarged and improved. So many men were employed by
the tube company, so much importance was attached to
the output that McKeesport became the "Tube City."
It may be said that the history of The National Tube
Company (of Ohio) commenced in I898. The business
of the Shelby Steel Tube Company originated about
20 years ago.
Prior to the establishment of the United States Steel
Corporation, in the three companies had been aggregated
by growth, consolidation and purchase, nearly all the
important iron and steel tube manufacturing enterprises
in America. Andrew Carnegie, jealous of his prestige
as a steel king, seeing the wonderful rise and expansion
of National Tube Company's business, figured for a
while on building a $I2,000,000 tube plant of his own
at Conneaut. But National Tube Company was so strong
and well equipped, it covered its particular field so well,
that Carnegie, with characteristic discretion, delayed and
finally decided not to engage in tube manufacturing.
Each passing year has added to the capacity and
resources of the National Tube Companies. Since their
advantageous merger with "United States Steel" the
three tube companies have notably amplified and improved their manufacturing  facilities.  Imortant additions have been made to various plants; not only are all
the properties kept constantly in excellent repair, but
millions are expended by the United States Steel Corporation to promote, by improvement, replacement and
reconstruction, Whenever and wherever necessary, theThe old National Road passes through this city to the
mountains toward the East, and out of the county at
Brownsville on the Monongahela River on the northwest. The Baltimore  Ohio, the Pennsylvania and the
Pittsburgh  Lake Erie railroads have been the chief
transportation factors in the development of the city
and county. The Monongahela River, forming the entire western boundary of Fayette County, carries away
annually to lower markets hundreds of thousands of
tons of coal and coke.
Connellsville-on-the-Youghiogheny is the second city
of Fayette County and is only inferior in importance to
Uniontown in the matter of population. It is a very old
western Pennsylvania town on the western side of the
mountains. It is full of small manufacturing plants,
railroad shops, banks, mercantile establishments, and
busy, enterprising people. Its population is not far from
the ten-thousand mark. The freeing of the bridge over
the Youghiogheny River between Connellsville and New
Haven will tend to a consolidation of the cities very soon.
Other outlying villages will, when united with Connellsville, give it a population of nearly twenty thousand
people. It has been from the birth of the coke business
the center and general distributing point. The large
majority of the thousands of ovens of the United States
Steel Corporation are in and around this city. The coal
from  the Fayette County field is gathered into the
immense yards of the several railroad companies for
national distribution. Many efforts have been made to
dam and lock the Youghiogheny River from McKeesport
to Connellsville by members of Congress from time to
time, but thus far it has not been thought well to do so.
Should the National Government be finally prevailed
upon to act and carry into effect this great improvement,
it would do much toward cheapening the carriage of coal
and coke and be of lasting benefit to the South and West.
Greensburg, the county seat of Westmoreland County,
the mother county of most of western Pennsylvania, is
thirty-one miles southeast of Pittsburgh. It has at present
a population of about ten thousand people. It is in the
matter of small manufacturing establishments a very
important growing city. Its new court house, recently
completed at a cost of a million and a half dollars, is
one of the finest in the state. Its schools, churches and
private residences are notably handsome and excellent.
The main stem  of the Pennsylvania Railroad and its
southwest branch give this city unexcelled transportation
facilities.
Jeannette, a manufacturing city of recent construction, but large importance, lies a few miles to the west
of Greensburg on the Pennsylvania Railroad. This little
city has about seven thousand population. The chief
item of manufacture is glass, although many smaller factories are turning out thousands of tons of products of
various kinds annually.
Vandergrift, the seat of the largest and finest sheet
and tin plate mill in the United States, has about 4,000
people. It is a beautifully laid out and enterprising city,
possessing many fine public and private buildings.
Latrobe is one of the older of the Westmoreland
boroughs. It gets the power for many little factories
from the Loyalhanna Creek. A very great deal of the important coke trade of the county originates here, and
large shipments are made daily. The Pennsylvania and
the Ligonier Valley railroads furnish the shipping facilities. The population is about 5,000.
Derry Borough, population 3,000; Irwin Borough
with 3,000 people; Mt. Pleasant, in the upper coke district,
WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAP I TL T S B U R G H
Co. year by year has increased in prestige and producing capacity. Comprised in its tremendous output are
bolts and nuts, rivets, bar iron and steel, wagon hardware, picks and mattocks, crowbars and wedges, telearaph and telephone pole line hardware, and car forgings. A large part of the manufactures of the company
consists of work for railroads, car companies and  agricultural implement makers, but a vast tonnage is also
distributed throughout the country by the hardware
jobbing trade. Of a quality that may be depended upon,
invariably, of such excellence as to be always in great
demand, the output of the Oliver Iron  Steel Co. is
almost entirely utilized in the United States.  In every
line of goods, the best made is demanded by the American consumer. That such a steady and marked preference for the products of the Oliver Iron  Steel Co.
not only long has existed, but is continually increasing,
is the most appreciated compliment that could be paid
to the company.
Capitalized at $I,6oo,ooo, possessing a plant that is
thoroughly up to date and fully equipped in every respect, employing 3,100 men, the Oliver Iron  Steel
Co. is an important contributor to Pittsburgh's industrial
welf are.
The officers of the company are: George T. Oliver,
Chairman; John C. Oliver, President; Henry B. Oliver
and Henry B. Lupton, Vice-Presidents; R. Theophilus,
Treasurer; Charles E. Black, Secretary, and John
Jenkins, Assistant Secretary.  The Directorate o f the
Oliver Iron  Steel Co. is constituted as follows: George
T. Oliver, Henry R. Rea, John C. Oliver, Henry Oliver
and Thomas J. Crump.
THE PE I'ROLEUM IRON WORKS COMPANY
The Petroleum Iron Works Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania in
June, I899, with an authorized capital stock of $50,ooo,
which the company found advisable a short time later
to increase to $I50,000 in order to make a large number of important changes and improvements to the plant
as operated at that time. The business of the company
had been growing rapidly, and it was found after careful consideration that the facilities were not adequate to
keep up writh the demand from all parts of the country.
The original firm in the business, and which built
and placed the plant in operation, was known as the
Petroleum Iron Works and started as a small repair
business conducted by Todd  Cullihan, then employees
of the Standard Oil Company. These gentlemen in the
early nineties were employees of the Standard Oil Company, and at this plant did most of the repair work of
this company in Washington and surrounding counties.
The demand on the little plant increased so rapidly,
however, that they both decided in 1895 to sever their
connection with the Standard Oil Company and to devote
their entire time to their OWN business. They left their
I68   T  H  E   S T  O  R Y   O  F
more efficient and economical operation of its numerous
f actories.
The men who manage so successfully these colossal
enterprises reached their present positions through most
convincing demonstrations of their fitness and ability.
They understand thoroughly every phase of the situation,
they are well posted in each detail of the business. In
building up plants that are capable of unsurpassed tube
production they have shown the world some of the best
ancl biggest things, industrially, that have ever been
clone. Thle three tube comnpanies ha-ve prospered because they mnaintained themnselves in the best position
to supply, advantageously, practically everything in the
shape of pipes or tubes, that is, or mnay be, requirecl
Existing dlemandls and others yet to bge createcl NTjjl call
for pipes ancl tubes in greater quantities than ever before.
A busy future for the three g
assurec.
THE OLIVER IRON  STEEL CO.-In Pittsf rom  what they are toay.  At that timne the  maost
enthlusiastic optimnist scarcely hoped for mnore than the
return of peace ancl the incidelntal increase of prosper-ity
securedl through patient ancl persistent plodclinu alona
establishecl lines. Measurecl by present-dav stanclards,
howv smnall ancl scantily capitalizecl appear what then
wvere thought to be great organizations. In mnanufactulrilng old-timne mnethods obtainecl. Buisiness was conclucted
cautiotisly, in a conservative way, ancl new undertakings, orclinarily, were given but little encouragemnent.
In that period of stress ancl aclversity, in the dark days
of the Civil War, when the national outtlook wIas mnost
gloomny, was establishecl the buisiness tlaat has grown to
be tl-ie Oliver Iron  Steel Co.
In I863 Harry W. Oliver, Jr., WVilliam J. Lewis anld
John Phillips formned a partnership for the manufacture
of bolts, nuts, washers ancl similar articles. In many
respects it was a notable combination. Even then by
his force and prescience, by his ability ancl business
aptitude, Oliver wvas recognized as one of thae coming
men of Pittburgh. Lowiis was the Invntor of succcessful bolt-heading machine, a man of great experience
and practical knowledge in the manufacture of iron and
steel. Phillips, though his talents were less conspicuous,
was still a very desirable partner. From the first the
firm of Lewis, Oliver  Phillips prospered. Three years
after its organization the partnership was made stronger
bgy the admnission to the firt-i- of David B. Oliver and
Jamnes B. Oliver.   In I 88o thae original copartnership
was dissolvecl, and thereafter the business was carried
on by Oliver Brothers  Phillips. This firm was finally
succeeded by the Oliver Iron  Steel Co., which was
incorporated in 1887.
Ably managecl always f rom the inception of the
enterprise to thle present clay, the Oliver Iron  SteelT H E   S T O R Yt  O F   P T T T S B U R G H    i69
old employers, with the best of good feeling following
them, and with the assurance that they would continue
to receive as much of the business of the company as
could be placed in their hands for execution.
Their plant, which was located at Washington, Pa.,
was in the heart of the fertile oil region of Washington
County, and in the few years following the business
grew at an enormous rate. The plant was accordingly
enlarged and the equipment added to eventually making
it one of the best and most modern equipped in this part
of the State. The company then engaged in all classes
of steel plate construction, including tanks, plates, buckets and pipe, and in a short time made a specialty of the
equipment necessary to the application of fuel oil to
steamships, locomotives, furnace work, brick, tile and
pottery works, etc., where special designs were required
for each particular plant. This branch of the business,
together with the building of standard gauge tank cars
for the transportation of oil by rail has since that time
proven one of the leading branches or divisions of the
company's business.
But great as the growth of the business had been
prior to its incorporation, it has been greater since, due
principally to the greater latitude in manufacture, and
the increase in the variety of the production. A number
of additional specialties have been manufactured during
the past few years, which has also necessitated the installation of considerable new equipment in the plant at
Washington.
This condition continued for several years, and although expansions were planned and exectuted, it was
found that the facilities of the old plant were entirelv
inadequate to take care of the business even at that time,
and with no provision whatever for the expansion that
was a certainty in the very near future.
Accordingly, about two years ago, it was definitely
decided to erect and equip an entirely new plant, and a
hunt was immediately started for a suitable site for this
improvement. After careful consideration it was decided to locate at a point known as Masury, in the immediate vicinity of Sharon, Pa., but across the Pennsylvania State line in Ohio. An excellent location with
the best railroad and shipping facilities was purchased,
and ground broken for the new plant which was to consist of a group of about six buildings. In the meantime,
however, it was decided to continue the operation of the
old plant at Washington until the new plant was erected
and the new equipment required purchased and installed.
By this means the company was able to actively continue in business suffering no inconvenience whatever
during the construction. The plant cost in the neighborhood of $I50,000, and a portion of it was running
and working on the orders of the old plant before anything was done toward the dismantling of the plant at
Washington. Then different departments were moved
and the equipmet installed with scarcely the loss of a
day in the fulfilment of orders. Thus gradually the old
buildings were dismantled and abandoned, and the fine
new plant was entirely placed in full operation in all
departments in November, I906.
The working forces were greatly increased, as well
as the production of the company, until now it is doin
a business of considerably over $6oo,ooo per annum.
Careful study has been made of all equipment used in
the burning of oil as a fuel, and several systems complete
are manufactured here, including the Lowe Feed Water
Heater and Purifier. These heaters have been in active
operation for a number of years, and are being used
in a larger number of manuacturing establishments
throughout not only the Pittsburgh district, but all over
the United States.  It is used wherever steam  engines
and boilers are used, and is used in precipitating impurities in the water ued in the boilers, which otherwise
would injure and weaken the boilers.
Another production of the company that has become
very popular is the portable iron receiving-tank for oil
wells. These tanks vary in capacity from 30 to I00
gallons, and the largest can readily be loaded on an
ordinary dray, and is easily and quickly handled.
The general offices of the company have been moved
to Sharon, Pa., in order that they may be in the immediate vicinity of the plant, but branch offices are conducted at New Orleans, La., Beaumont and Dallas,
Texas, and in the Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh.
The local office is in charge of Mr. R. T. McCormick,
who for many years was connected with the Riter-Conley
Manufacturing Company.
The officers of the Petroleum Iron Works Company
are as follows: J. S. Cullinan, president; E. G. Wright,
vice-president; A. W. Krouse, secretary; C. S. Ritchie,
treasurer, and C. J. McDowell, superintendent.
THE PITTSBURGH FORGE  IRON CO.-In
the vicissitudes of Pittsburgh since the Civil War; in
the obscuring changes incidental to so many business readjustments; in the rearrangement of trade conditions;
in the evolution and expansion of manufacturing; in
the commercial upheavals that have displaced numerous
old establishments, were tests of searching  severity,
tests that demonstrated, here and there, instances of
capacity perpetuated.  In the murk and smoke of the
iron  and  steel industry, long and  continuous success
shines brighter than a good deed in a naughty world.
Founded in 1865, incorporated in I867, the Pittsburgh
Forge  Iron Co. for upwards of forty years has more
than maintained an honorable reputation. While siminstitution  were either reorganized, merged, absorbed or effaced, it retained its independence unimpaired; through the years the various tests applied to it
only served to set forth its amplified importance; it was
so strong, so well managed, so self-contained that, after
undergoing transitions that proved destructive to others,it emnerged with added greatness.  Its work was well
spoken of, always.
It is said that an institution is but the lengthened
shadow of a man.  The man most responsible for the
success, repute and prosperity of the Pittsburgh Forge
 Iron Co. unquestionably is Calvin Wells, who since
1878 has been the president of the corporation. After
graduating from  the Western University of Pennsylvania, Calvin Wells began his business career as a bookkeeper for C. G. Hussey. His work was performed so
acceptably that in 1852 the firm of Hussey  Wells was
organized.  In I859 the title of the partnership was
changed to Hussey, Wells  Co.  (For those days they
were rather important steel manufacturers.)  Calvin
Wells was general manager of the business of Hussey,
Wells   Co. until 1876,
when he sold his interest in
the firm to Dr. Hussey. In
I865 he acquired a membership in the firm  of A. C.
French  Co., car spring
manufacturers. He was an
a c t i v e participant in the
affairs of this concern up to
I884, when he disposed of
his holdings i n th e c a r
spring establishment to Mr.
French. Another manufacturing enterprise which Calvin Wells long has been interested in is the Illinois
Zinc Company, noted for its
manufactures of sheet zinc,
spelter and sulphuric acid.
Of the Illinois Zinc Company Calvin Wells has been
President and Treasurer for
thirty-seven years.  Established by John W. Forney
in I857, "The Press," one
of the most influential dailies in Philadelphia, was purchased by Calvin Wells in
1878. The ownership of this great newspaper property
Mr. Wells still retains. Despite the importance and value
of his other holdings, the affairs of the Pittsburgh Forge
 Iron Co. continue to receive the careful attention of
Calvin Wells. He still takes upon himself the tasks and
responsibilities of President and Treasurer. F. E. Richardson is Secretary of the company, and between the two
are divided the arduous duties pertaining to the mnanagement.
The offices of the company are on the corner of
Penn Avenue and Tenth Street, Pittsburgh; the works
of the Pittsburgh Forge  Iron Co. are located in Allegheny, four miles away, on the "Fort WVayne" railroad.
At the company's plant are employed abouti I,ooo lmen.
The output of the company comprises locomotive
and car axles, heavy forgings, arch bars, track bolts,
splice bars, bolts, rods, high-grade bar iron and staybolt
iron.
The annual output of the Pittsburgh Forge  Iron
Co. amounts to 5o,ooo gross tons of finished iron and
steel.  In addition to this vast quantity must be taken
into consideration the quality and nature of the work.
Articles like locomotive and car axles call for not only
material of the very highest grade, but the best of workmanship as well. Railroads are the most exacting customers of steel manufacturers.  Nothing is more difficult to meet than the demands of modern railway traffic.
The fact that a large part of the work of the Pittsburgh
Forge  Iron Co. is the execution of railroad orders
indicates the reliability of
the company and the extent
of its resources.
To secure excellent results requires a corresponding equipment.  The company's extensive plant is
well adapted  to  meet its
various requirements.  The
output of the company is,
and has been for years, acknowledged  to be of the
very best quality.
Notwithstanding its great
total tonnage, but little of
the company's production is
marketed  a b r o a d.  The
reputation of the articles it
manufactures is so well established, its products are
so highly thought of here
at home that the problemi
which often confronts the
company is not to obtain
purchasers for its output,
but to supply the requisitions made upon its producing capacity. So far all these
have been met with a high degree of success.
PITTSBURGH  STEEL COMPANY-One of the
largest and most successful industrial concerns in the
Pittsburgh district is the Pittsburgh Steel Company,
established in I9go  for the manufacture of wire rods,
wire nails, barbed wire, plain and galvanized wire, electric welded field and garden fencing, steel hoops and
bands, cotton ties, etc.
The names of the officers of this company are Wallace H. Rowe, President; John Bindley, Vice-President;
Charles E. Beeson, Secretary, and Win. C. Reitz, Treasurer.  The extent of the concern's operation is partly
indicated by its employment of i,8oo men, and $6,ooo,ooo capital. The general offices are in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, while the mills are at Monessen, Pa.,
and Glassport, Pa.
The Pittsburgh Steel Hoop Company was organized
in I899 to manufacture steel hoops, bands, etc., and was
merged with the Pittsburgh Steel Company in I9oI, the
year when the construction of the large plant was begun
at Monessen to roll wire rods and manufacture plain
and galvanized wire, barbed wire, wire nails, fencing,
etc., the product amounting to about 6o00 tons per day,
while the Glassport plant produces about I50 tons per
day of hoops and bands.  Both mills are of modern
construction, and are conceded to be the best of their
kind in the world. The company is now erecting its
own open-hearth steel plant at Monessen, with a capacity
of I,200 tons per day.
The Monessen mills are in charge of Mr. George
Nash, General Superintendent, Mr. C. J. Morgan being
Superintendent of the Glassport mills.  The sales department is in charge of Mr. F. H. Forman, General
Sales Agent, and
Mr. E. Steytler,
Assistant  General
Sales Agent and
manager of t he
fence  department.
The auditing a n d
the traffic departments are in charge
of AMessrs. W. K.
Given and L. H.
Constans,  respectively.
This company
prides itself on the
quality of its products, and any goods having the "Pittsburgh Perfect" brand are always reliable. Their electricwelded field, garden and other fencing is particularly
well established, the demand is constantly increasing and
the product is very popular with the trade.
W. H. Rowe, President of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, is also President of the Seamless Tube Company of America, of the Fifth Avenue Land Company,
the Monessen Coal  Coke Co., the Pittsburgh Perfect
Fence Company, Ltd., and of the Standard Land 
Improvement Co.  He is Vice-President of the Pittsburgh Ice Company, Director of the Duquesne National
Bank, of the Iron City Trust Company, the C. H. Rowe
Company, the Duryea-Potter Company of New York,
the Idaho Consolidated Mining Company, the Pittsburgh Arizona Gold  Copper Co., and Trustee of the
Newsboys' Home, and the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for
Consumptives.
John Bindley, Vice-President of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, serves in the same capacity for the Guarantee
Title  Trust Co., is President of the Duquesne National
Bank, the Neely Nut  Bolt Co., and the Albion Land
Company; is chairman of the board of directors of the
Bindley Hardware Company, director of the Seamless
Tube Company of America, of the Pittsburgh Ice Connpany, the Southern Steel Company, and the Central Accident  Insurance Co., and is trustee of the Allegheny
Cemietery and of the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for Consumptives.
Willis F. McCook, a prominent attorney at law and
capitalist, is a director in the Pittsburgh Steel Company,
the Equitable Life Insurance Company of New York,
the Duquesne National Bank, the Iron City Trust Company, the Guarantee Title  Trust Co., the Workingman's Savings Bank  Trust Co., the Seamless Tube
Company of America, the American Oil Development
Cotnpany, and the American Refractories Company.
Emil Winter is a director of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, the Guarantee Title  Trust Co., the Pennsylvania Light, Heat  Power Co., the American Refractories Comalany, the Exposition Society of Western Pennsylvania;
President o f t h e
W o r k i n g man's
Savings B a nk 
Trust Co., and
Vice-President o f
the Seamless Tube
Company of America.
Edward  H.
Bindley  is a director of the Pittsburgh Steel Comnpany, the Seamless
Tube Company of
Am-erica, the Monessen Coal  Coke Co., Secretary and
Treasurer of the Seamless Tube Company of America,
and the Pittsburgh Arizona Gold  Copper Co.
Charles E. Beeson is Secretary of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Monessen Coal  Coke Co., the
Pittsburgh Perfect Fence Company, Ltd., the Standard
Land  Improvement Co., and director of the Pittsburgh
Gage  Supply Co.
W. C. Reitz is Treasurer of the Pittsburgh Steel
Company, the Monessen Coal  Coke Co., the Standard
Land  Improvement Co., and President of the Pittsburgh Rivet Company.
THE PITTSBURGH STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY  I-1  the making of steel castings for mills of
all kinds, 1mining machinery, locomotive wheel centers
and frames, couplers and knuckles, and of special mixture for electrical work, the Pittsburgh Steel Foundry
Company excels. In the plant of the company at Glassport is an equipment unsurpassed.  That the work at
the foundry might be facilitated, that the company might
PLANT OF PITTSBURGI- STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY172  THE STORY OF P I T T S B U R G H.
with an authorized capitalization of $4,000,000, was
merged into this company.
This merger agreement provided for the consolidation of The Steel-Tired Wheel Company with the Railway Steel-Spring Company, and provided also that the
capital stock of the Railway Steel-Spring Company,
which heretofore had been $20,000,ooo, divided into
Ioo,ooo shares each of preferred and common stock of
the par value of $Ioo per share, be increased to $27,ooo,ooo, divided into I35,000 shares each of preferred
and common stock of the par value of $Ioo per share
each, such additional preferred and common stock to
have the same rights, preferences and limnitations as the
original preferred and common stock of the Railway
Steel-Spring Company.
The plants of The Steel-Tired Wheel Company,
which were acquired by the Railway Spring-Steel Company, and for which the additional $3,500,000 preferred,
and $3,500,000 common stock were issuable, are as follows: Depew Works, Depew, N. Y.; Pullman Works,
Pullman, Ill.; Hudson Works, Hudson, N. Y.; Scranton
Works, Scranton, Pa.; Chicago Works, Chicago, Ill.;
Denver Works, Denver, Colorado, and the manufacturing rights for fused steel-tired wheels of the Lehigh
Car, Wheel and Axle Works, Catasauqua, Pa., also
real estate and buildings at Cleveland, O., operated by
other parties under lease.
The products of these works are in use in all parts
of the world, they being the highest grade it is possible
to produce.  The assets of the company are $35,514,398.96. W. H. Silverthorn is president; F. F. Fitzpatrick, vice-president, and Frank Carnahan, treasurer.
THE REPUBLIC IRON  STEEL CO. Numerous are the progeny of New Jersey, but of all the corporations originating in that State few have the future
promise or are at present so great as the Republic Iron
 Steel Co. Of capital aggregated for the exploitation
of the useful metal it is regarded as one of the greatest
and most aggressive groups. In the iron and steel industry everywhere it is looked upon as a formidable competitor. Measured by its assets and resources the company is a pyramid of millions. Its possessions are
spread throughout the country.  In the North and in
the South the sources of its income are enduring and
enormous. Its properties are so situated that everything
required can be readily procured. It is enabled to manufacture and market its products with every economic
advantage. Its directorate is composed of some of the
eminent financiers of the nation. Watching over the
affairs of the company, protecting its interests and building up its business are a number of the most expert and
practical steel men in the United States. The company
has profited by the mistakes of others.  To assist its
progress and development have been assembled all that
experience could suggest, all that practical knowledge
be able to make, under circumstances, and with accessories that assured in each case the best results, steel
castings for almost any purpose, in anv size or weight
desired, from 50 pounds to 50 tons, neither pains nor
expense were spared. With all the light that a number
of noted experts could throw on the subject, aided by
all that could be suggested by past experience, the plant
was planned and erected. At the outset, down to the
smallest detail, planned to do in the most dependable
manner difficult and exacting work, the plant has more
than justified the expectations of its builders. Accorded
now the prestige of the largest modern steel foundry,
not only making a most satisfactory showing in respect
to the amount of its output, but more especially in the
making of castings of a strength and quality, of a character and nature that attests the latest and best development that steel casting has attained. The officers of the
commpany are: Steward Johnson, President; John M.
Lockhart, Vice-President; August Trump, SecretaryTreasurer and in charge of sales, and G. A. Hassel,
Superintendent.
RAILWAY STEEL - SPRING COMPANY -In
"The Story of Pittsburgh," which is so replete with
its fascinating tales of iron and steel, its monstrous furnaces and the wonderful exhibitions of mechanical skill
and mercantile progress, The Railway Steel-Spring
Company naturally finds a conspicuous place. Incorporated February 25, I 902, under the laws of the State of
New Jersey, success has crowned its efforts in a pronounced manner. The nature of the business is primarily
that of manufacturing railway springs and disposing of
the same, and the company has, in addition, other powers, as stated in the articles of incorporat ion.  The company owns in fee, free from incumbrance, the following
properties: A. French Spring Company, Pittsburgh,
Pa.; Charles Scott Spring Company, Philadelphia, Pa.;
Pickering Spring Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; National
Railway Spring Company, Oswego, N. Y.; Detroit Steel
 Spring Co., Detroit, Michigan; also a steel mill with
a capacity of 40,000 tons, and the railway spring department of the Crucible Steel Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Each of these works includes real estate, buildings,
machinery tools, etc., formerly owned by the companies
above named, with the exception of the Crucible Steel
Company of America, whose railway spring department
was alone acquired. Each of these works is equipped
for the manufacture of railway car and locomotive
springs, and the Detroit Steel  Spring Co. is equipped
in addition with a steel mill with a capacity of 40,000
tons of bar steel as above stated. The property of the
Latrobe Steel Company, Latrobe, Pa., was acquired in
I 905.
On June 7, 1902, The Steel-Tired Wheel Company,
a corporation organized under the laws of New Jersey,T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R GJ H    173
500 tons; the southern reserve, non-Bessemer, is estimated to be 89,041,800 tons, making in both districts a
grand total o f I20,598,300 tons. In the southern district new mines are being developed in the Red Mountain territor y, and active test-pitting has been prosecuted
with the result of extending the life of the "brown ore"
operations. On the top of this development of old properties a most valuable addition-both in quantity and
quality-has been made to the company's mineral holdings South, by a joint purchase with the Tennessee Coal,
Iron  Railroad Co., on a long-time payment basis and
at a most favorable price of the property known as the
Potter Land. The ore in this property is of the highest
grade of southern red ore, and, running high in lime, is
of a self-fluxing character.  This feature adds great
strength to the southern furnace operations for the reason that previously the furnaces South have been at
some disadvantage on account of the necessity of working a higher silicon mixture than will be required hereafter when the new mines on the Potter Land are placed
on the producing list, which is anticipated will occ ur on
or before January I, I9o8. The amount of ore acquired
through the Potter interest is estimated at 40,000,000
tons. Mining operations last year were seriously interrupted by the large amount of reconstruction work at the
mines, and also because of a scarcity of miners. The
company's ore production during the past three years is
thus tabulated:
could call f or, all that money could buy. Nothing but
the latest and best now suffices for the Republic Iron 
Steel Co.
The rolling mills and factories of the company have
been substantially improved. Large expenditures have
been made for reconstruction and renewals. The changes
for the better that have been made consist chiefly of
improved appliances for handling raw materials, the rearrangement of equipment to minimize the necessity for
rehandling products, displacement of old wooden buildings by modern steel construction, additional power by
the installation of modern engines, boilers and other
equipment. Mills which were unfavorably situated with
respect to a cheap supply of raw materials and fuel, or
badly located as respecting the distribution of their finished products to consuming points, have been dismantled
and their equipment utilized at other operating locations where manufacturing conditions were more favorable. Thus the cost of production is -reduced and at
the same time an increased output is obtained.  The
opinion of the company, as expressed by the executive
committee, is that the policy of diversifying and extending its manufacturing operations and of developing its
mineral holdings should be continued on so generous a
scale as the surplus earnings, working capital necessities
or finances of the corporation permit. Up to June 30,
1907, the company has paid out for improvements and
additions as follows:
Year ending June 30, I907........ 947,o6g gross tons
Year ending June 30, 1906........I0 970,Io6"
Year ending June 30, 1905...... 794,167"
The development of the company's coal properties
proceeds apace.  The southern  mines have been very
generally reconstructed, electrical haulage and other improved devices having been installed. At the Atcheson
works at Gans, Pennsylvania, a coal-washing experiment is being conducted with a view of determining
whether this coal can be made available for fur nace
operations. This coal, without washing, has been found
to be too high in sulphur for Bessemer use, but the
Atcheson output finds a ready market for other purposes. The extent of the company's coal reserves is
shown by the following table:
Northern District:
Blast f urnaces................ $2,499,393.49
Bessemer steel plant............. 3,1I47,549.83
Rolling  mills............   I,41Io,,600. 37
Coke plants.............      781I,290. 74
Northern  mines............... 328,9i 6.13 7
Total Northern District. $8,I67,750.80
Southern District:
Blast f urnaces................ $I,625,002. 53
Coke ovens at blast furnaces          176,917.54
Tenant houses at blast f urnaces......                 58o077.25
Rolling  mills................    I130,485.69
Mines and coke ovens.......... 986,565.43
Limestone quarries................ I 08,73 5.92,
Total Southern District. $3,085,784.36
Grand  total............... I I Y253,535.i6
The ore reserves of the Republic Iron  Steel Co.
have been materially strengthened by the development
of territory heretofore unexplored and by additional
purchases of ore under term contracts at advantageous
prices. In the northern district the company's ore reserves, Bessemer and non-Bessemer, amount to 3I,556,Coking Coal
Northern District... I 3,61I2, IO0   tons
Southern District... 92,338,800 tons
Steam Coal
I2, 500,000 tOllS
81I,203,400 tons
Total...... 105,950,900 tons  93,703,400 tons
Grand total....... e............... I 99,654,300 tons
Substantially all the coal now mined by the companyI
is coked either for market or for blast furnace use. The
coking capacity of the company is figured as follows:174  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
Lake Erie Limestone Company, Union Dock Company,
Tons     Mahoning   Shenango Dock Co., Cambria Steamship
Per Annum  Company, French  Transportation  Company, Sharon
Connecting Railway  General Water Co.
The company's expenditures for labor during the past
three years was $23,739,I43.56. Last year the average
322,800   number of men employed was I3,895.
The directors of the company are George A. Baird,
John A. Topping, Leonard C. Hanna, Archibald W.
Houston, Earle W. Oglebay, Edward J. Berwind, John
W. Gates, Samuel G. Cooper, Grant B. Schley, G. Wat6o6 oo SON French, J. B. Duke, Harry S. Black and T. W. Guth606ooo rie.  The executive committee is composed of John A.
928800 Topping, Grant B. Schley, John W. Gates, Leonard C.
-I to 52I,   Hanna and Earle W. Oglebay.  Of the higher officers
John A. Topping is President, Thomas J. Bray and
any is en-  Severn  P. Kerr are Vice-Presidents, and Harry  L.
king irons,  Rownd is Secretary and Treasurer.  Simpson, Thatcher
al tonnage    Bartlett are named as general counsel.  The general
m capacity   offices of the company are in the Frick Building Annex,
gross tons   Pittsburgh.
-e the first    The Republic Iron  Steel Co. is credited with asmake the  sets to the value of $66,o89,I79.77; it has issued capital
producing   stock to the amount of $47,607,900; it had on June 30,
tal f urnace I907, a bonded indebtedness of $9,I88,ooo, other debts
Its output  and liabilities to the extent of $5,493,285.64, and a sur-;      plus of $3,799,994 13.
mpany  are   Thus does iron outweigh gold on the scales of Com-al shapes,  merce.
d shafting,
et and tin.   SCHOEN  STEEL WHEEL COMPANY-The
last yearly Schoen Steel Wheel Company represents one of the very
was 804,- important, new and distinctive industries of Pittsburgh.
The company is composed of Charles T. Schoen, presiring prop- dent; M. R. Jackson, vice-president and general manager; Thomas G. D. Bell, treasurer, and George T. Hildeorks, East  brand, secretary. The directors are: Charles T. Schoen,
o; Brown-  W. H. Schoen, George T. Hildebrand, M. R. Jackson
ing Valley   and Thomas G. D. Bell.
eel Works,      The substitution of steel for cast iron in car wheels
rmingham, has been under discussion for forty years, but the actual
an Works,  achievement was left to the ingenuity and enterprise of
l.; Indiana  Charles T. Schoen, who, in developing the process, has
City, Ala-  created another great industry for the city of Pittsburgh. It is entirely new and bids f air to be as great as
ungstown,  the steel car industry, which was also the conception of
rn, Ohio,  that veteran exploiter of new ways of doing things. As
Atlantic   a crowning effort he has spent several years and a large
furnaces, proportion of his fortune in perfecting a method of making a solid forged and rolled steel wheel, which is evind directly dently destined to supersede the cast iron wheels now in
by the Re-   general use under railroad and electric cars.
d corpora-      To take a square slab of steel weighing eight hundred
Dther prop-  pounds and forge and roll it into a perfectly finished
ing Ore    wheel and lay one down every three minutes is an acCompany,  complishment in  steel working that has never been
NORTHERN DISTRICT.
Number of
Ovens
Gans.....................    I38
Republic..................    400
-            538
SOUTHERN DISTRI CT.
Thomas.....................    9IO.
W  arner................................ I 00
I,OI0
Grand total............... 1,548
The coke production last year amounted
56I tons.
So f ar as pig iron is concerned the company is entirely self-contained as to its supply of steel-making irons,
and it is in a condition to market a substantial tonnage
of basic, foundry and mill iron. The maximum capacity
of the company's southern furnaces, 250,000
per annum, will not be available much before the first
of next year, but recent augmentations now make the
furnaces in the northern district capable of producing
6oo,ooo tons a year, giving the company a total furnace
capacity of goo,ooo gross tons per annum. Its output
Of pig iron last year was 614,954 tons.
The manufactured products of the company are
merchant bar iron and steel, light structural shapes,
standard spikes, bolts, nuts, drawn or polished shafting,
turnbuckles, standard section steel rails, sheet and tin
bar, skelps, slabs, billets and pig iron. The last yearly
total of its finished and semifinished products was 804,360 tons.
Listed as the company's active manufacturing properties are:
Rolling Mills and Factories-Inland Works, East
Chicago, Ind.; Corn Works, Massilon, Ohio; BrownBonnell Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Mahoning Valley
Works, Youngstown, Ohio; Youngstown Steel Works,
Youngstown, Ohio; Birmingham Works, Birmingham,
Alabama; Toledo Works, Toledo, Ohio; Sylvan Works,
Moline, Ill.; Tudor Works, East St. Louis, Ill.; Indiana
Works, Muncie, Ind.; Alabama Works, Gate City, Alabama; Shafting Works, Youngstown, Ohio.
Blast Furnaces-Haselton furnaces, Youngstown,
Ohio, 3 stacks; Hannah furnaces, Youngstown, Ohio, I
stack; Hall furnaces, Sharon, Pa., I stack; Atlantic
furnaces, New Castle, Pa., I stack; Pioneer furnaces,
Thomas, Alabama, 3 stacks. Total, 9 stacks.
In addition to concerns owned outright and directly
operated, substantial interests are also held by the Republic Iron  Steel Co. in the following named corporations, which are operated in connection with other properties listed: Potter Ore Company, Mahoning Ore 
Steel Co., Union Ore Company, Antoine Ore Company,equalled in the history of metal manufacturers.  Now
that the safety and economic value of these wheels has
been demonstrated, the orders for them  have been so
great that the plant has been doubled in capacity. The
Schoen Steel Wheel Company expects to continue to
increase the capacity for producing the Schoen wheels
until at least 2,500 wheels per day will be the output.
The mileage of cast iron wheels under these I oo,ooo
pound cars is probably not more than one-half the mileage made under the wooden cars of 6o,ooo pound capacity, formerly in general use. This fact alone, where
cast iron is used, doubles the cost of wheel mileage, and
added to this is the increased number of wrecks dclue to
broken flanges or broken wheels.
The Schoen pressed and rolled steel wheel has a
tensile strength about five times that of cast iron. Therefore the dangers incident to the cast-iron wheels are practically eliminated. In the matter of wear this wheel will
outlast five cast iron wheels, and its cost is only about
dotible, thus showing a great economy in the cost of
wheel mileage aside from the all important considerations
of safety. This fact is recognized by railroad managers.
Mr. Schoen has
displayed the courage of his convictions by doing the
pioneer work incident to the making
of this great imnprovement in wheels
single-handed a n d
alone, risking a fortune in its development. He has followed up every detail with tenacity of purpose, encountering many discouragements in the solution of the
various problems with which he was confronted. More
than twenty patents, which are the property of the company, are the results of these developments.  These
patents hold good abroad as well as in this country.
As a further evidence of the commercial value of this
new enterprise, the Schoen Steel Wheel Company, Ltd.,
of Great Britain, was organized about six months ago,
and contracts were awarded for the building of a practical duplication of the Pittsburgh plant.  The parties
interested in the enterprise in England are thoroughly
competent to judge of the possibilities of such an enterprise, they being actively engaged in the steel industries
of Great Britain.
To develop new industries someone must be in advance of the time and must have the foresight to conceive the possibilities of such an enterprise as well as the
courage and genius to prosecute the necessary research
to a successful conclusion. The development of the
forged and rolled steel wheel is a pronounced example
of these qualities by the inventor of this valuable imnprovement to railroad equipment, and gives to Pittsburgh the supremacy in another steel industry.
The company has on its books a large number of
contracts which keep the plant running double turn continually. Among the recent orders received is one from
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for 70,000 wheels.
It is also being increasingly used by the New York Central and Harriman lines, Norfolk  Western, Philadelphia Rapid Transit, Brooklyn Rapid Transit, New
York City railways, and many others. The company
has also just completed an order from  the Japanese
Government Railway for 7,000 wheels.
Mr. Schoen expended some $300,000 in experimenting and developing process, and nearly three years of
assiduous labor before a satisfactory wheel was produced. To-day the company has the finest and largest
hydraulic forging plant in the world.
It does not come to many to accomplish more than
one great achievement in the short span of life-time,
but Mr. Schoen has in addition to creating this absolutely new industry also created and exploited the steelcar industry. He was the first to build a plant to manufacture steel cars,
organized   the
Pressed Steel Car
Company, was its
first president, and
in eight years froln
absolutely  nothing
the steel car business at present
amounts to $Ioo,ooo,ooo   annually.
In addition to this
Mr. Schoen has been a prolific inventor, having taken
out one hundred and fifty patents.
There is every reason to believe that this latest enterprise will revolutionize the present methods of making
car wheels.
Althouglh Mr. Charles T. Schoen has built up this
great industry in Pittsburgh, and has been a resident of
the city for a number of years, he at present makes his
home in Moylan, Pa. He is married and has'three children.  His present business address is at IoI Arcade
Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
SEAMLESS TUBE COMPANY OF AMERICA
--A company which has taken high rank among Pittsburgh's large industrial establishments since its comparatively recent organization is that which is widely known
as the Seamless Tube Company of America. Its organizers seem to have sought a title that would give the
company something more than a mere "local habitation
and a name," so they used the broad term "America,"
instead of the narrower one, "Pittsburgh," doubtless realizing that if anyone should happen to be in doubt as to
PLANT OF SCHOEN STEEL WHEEL COM'IPANY, McKEES ROCKS, PA.I76  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T, T S B- U R G H
the location of their great plants and the place where
the best seamless steel tubing in the world is manufactured he would naturally guess Pittsburgh.
This company was organized in 1904, and in casting about for a location for their plant their attention
was naturally drawn to the hustling town of Monessen,
on the Monongahela River, where some of its officers
and directors were already largely interested in the Pittsburgh Steel Company and other big enterprises. The
thriving young city of Monessen is in itself a marvel of
industrial growth, since it is only a few years since the
site it now occupies was composed of cornfields and market gardens. To-day it is a great manufacturing community where many millions are invested in mills, employing many thousands of skilled and unskilled workmen. Not the least of these great establishments are
those controlled by the men at the head of the Seamless
Tube Company of America.
As its name partly implies, this company is engaged
in the manufacture of high-grade seamless steel tubing
for high-class construction. It is capitalized at $I,OOO,ooo and employs 350 men, mostly skilled mechanics. Its
general offices are at No. I900 Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., with branch offices in New York, Chicago,
Cleveland and San Francisco.  Its product is sold in
every part of the United States and Canada, which fact
emphasizes the appropriateness of the name of the company.
This company was organized by men prominently
identified with Pittsburgh and its industries, some of
them have business interests in other cities, although always residents of Pittsburgh. The officers of the company are: Wallace H. Rowe, president; Emil Winter,
vice-president, and Edward H. Bindley, secretary and
treasurer. These officials, with the addition of John
Bindley and Willis F. McCook, constitute the board of
directors. It is obvious to those familiar with the long
and successfull business career of these gentlemen that
anv corporation or enterprise guided by their ripe individual and collective judgement could scarcely do otherwise than achieve a distinct triumph over all difficulties.
Such has been the case with all the various enterprises
with which they are connected.
The capacity of the plant at Monessen of the Seamless Tube Company of America is I,OOO tons monthly.
It has the most modern machinery and labor-saving devices. Its product is strictly high-grade seamless steel
tubing, meeting the demands for the greatest safety in
locomotive stationary boilers, automobile construction,
and for construction requiring especial strength and durability. The mills are under the able supervision of Mr.
A. C. Morse, a recognized expert and a man long identified with the manufacture of seamless steel tubing.
Mr. R. R. Harris is the general sales agent.
As to the features of this company's product which
have given it a national reputation, strength, safety and
durability are named, and admittedly exist to the highest degree possible. In fact this product is especially
famed for possessing the three qualities above named.
The company has installed special facilities for testing
the tubing produced, and every piece must meet the
necessary requirements before shipment.
Wallace H. Rowe, president o f the Seamless Tube
Company of America, is also president of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Fifth Avenue Land Company, the
Mo nessen Coal  Coke Co., the Standard Land  Improvement Co., vice-president of the Pittsburgh Ice
Company, director of the Duquesne National Bank, the
Iron City Trust Company, the C. H. Rowe Company,
the Duryea-Potter Company of New York City, trustee
of the Newsboys' Home, and of the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for Consumptives.
Emil Winter, vice-president o f the Seamless Tube
Company of America, is president of the Workingman's
Savings Bank  Trust Co., of Allegheny; director of the
Pittsburgh Steel Company, the Guarantee Title  Trust
Co,the Pennsylvania Light, Heat  Power Co., and of
the American Refractories Company.
John Bindley, director of the Seamless Tube Company of America, is president of the Duquesne National
Bank, the Neely Nut  Bolt Co., the Albion Land Company, Chairman of the Bindley Hardware Company,
vice-president of the Pittsburgh Steel Company, the
Guarantee Title  Trust Co.; director of the Pittsburgh
Ice Company, the Southern Steel Company, the Central
Accident Insurance Company; Trustee of the Allegheny
Cemetery, and the Pittsburgh Sanatorium for Consumptives.
Willis F. McCook, director of the Seamless Tube
Company of America, attorney at law, is a director of
the Equitable Life Assurance Company, of the Pittsburgh Steel Company, the Duquesne National Bank, the
Guarantee Title  Trust Co., the Iron City Trust Company, the Workingman's Savings Bank  Trust Co., the
American Oil Development Company, and the American
Refractories Company.
Edward H. Bindley, secretary and treasurer of the
Seamless Tube Company of America and the PittsburghArizona Gold  Copper Co., is director of the Pittsburgh
Steel Company, the Monessen Coal  Coke Co., and the
Standard Land  Improvement Co.
WILLIAM P. SNYDER  CO.-In Pennsylvania
the name of Snyder is an old and honored one. The
Snyders came to America from Germany in I 726.
Settling in the northeastern part of what is now the State
of Pennsylvania, they helped not only to stlbdue the
wilderness, but to establish in the new country the benefits and blessings of civilization. Pioneers everywhere
are compelled to endure privations.  Confronted with
difficulties, beset by hardships, the sturdy Snyders developed persistence and determination. They handeclT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    17 7
ness (which still flourishes) under the firm name of W.
P. Snyder  Co., with offices in the Frick Building.
Mr. Leishman, in 1881, became Vice-President of
Carnegie Brothers  Co., Ltd., and later rose to be President of the Carnegie Steel Company. Then he left the
steel business for the diplomatic service, serving his
country first as Minister to Switzerland, and afterwards
as Ambassador to Turkey.
But Mr. Snyder chose rather to be an active participant in the wonderful development of the steel industry.
As a close friend and business associate of the late
Henry W. Oliver, W. P. Snyder co-operated with Oliver
in a number of very important and fortuitous undertakings. Oliver and his associate cleared the way for the
present immensity of the production of Lake Superior
iron ore. In the production of coking coal, also, great
prominence is accorded to a company in which were
combined the interests of Oliver  Snyder. In the Fifth
Bituminous District of Pennsylvania, next to the H. C.
Frick Coke Company, the largest coal output is accredited to the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co. This great enterprise, the annual production of which considerably exceeds a million tons, is only one of a number in which
Snyder has been a prime mover. In 1894 he was made
Vice-President o f the McClure Coke Company, which
position he held until the McClure Company was absorbed by the H. C. Frick Coke Company. With the
Shenango Furnace Company, and other industries of
size and conspicuous importance, W. P. Snyder has
extended his holdings and caused his prestige to increase.
In finance as well as in mining and manufacturing he
stands well among the successful. As a director of the
Pittsburgh Trust Company and of the Union Trust
Company of Clairton, to a certain extent he participates
in the management of two strong and well known banking institutions.  But it is chiefly  for his prominent
connection with the production and sale of ore, pig iron
and coke that W. P. Snyder is most noted.
Success by W. P. Snyder was never purchased by
the sacrifice of a good reputation.  What he secured
was obtained by methods that redound to his credit.
His eminent standing as a business man is enhanced by
the high esteem in which he is held, personally, by all
who know him.
Mr. Snyder, in 1888, was married to Miss Mary C.
Black. He has two children, Mary B. and W. P.
Snyder, Jr.
He is a member of the leading clubs of Pittsburgh,
and socially is very popular.
THE STERLING STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY Organized on May 9, 1902, the Sterling Steel
Foundry Company, though young in years, is strong in
that which insures enduring and appreciable success in
the industry in which it is engaged. Securing at the outdown to those that came after the hardy virtues of thrift,
courage and resourcefulness.  Descendants of the men
who were so active and influential in up-building Pennsylvania continued the work of their forefathers.
Notably among those to whom the ability to rise was
transmitted was Simon Snyder, a tanner's apprentice.
Thrown on his own resources, toiling away in a tan
yard at York, his lot for a while was a hard and laborious one. But he "sedulously devoted his leisure hours to
self-improvement." He became not only skilled in his
trade, but a man of wide and exact information.  In
1784, with the money he had saved, he settled in Selin's
Grove and established himself as a storekeeper and mill
owner. Chosen in I790 a member of the State Constitutional Convention, his wise conservatism and shrewd
common sense were noted and appreciated. In I808 he
received the highest office in the gift of the State. Simon
Snyder was the first man of German ancestry to be
elected Governor of Pennsylvania. Twice re-elected he
was further honored by having named after him Snyder
County.
In the iron and steel business William Penn Snyder
has woli not only a fortuine, bDut further clistinction. Ancl
he secured what he has in ways that cause him to be all
the mlore favorably regardecl.
As an office boy in the emplov of Schoenberger 
Co., one of the pioneer iron mnanufacturing firms of
Pittsburglh, William1 Penln Snyder entered the btisiness
in whaichl he afterwarcls was to be so successful.
In acldition to the virttues which1 he inheritecl on his
father's side, from his mother's people who settled in
eeeeeeewilliamnsport, Pentnsylvania, in I800, W. P. Snycler receivecl some traits that mnight be callecl Scottish clharacteristics. In his mnake-utp with Amnerican inclependence ancl
prouressiven-ess wvere blencled the b:est that comes from1
German ancl Scotch antececlents. The office boy in the
eimploy of the Schoenbergers soon became a valuable
assistant. He learned rapidly; he familiarized himself
th various cletails of the btisiness; he proveqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq his capabgility; mnatters entrustecqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq to his care were well looked
after; steaqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqlily he mnade himnself maore ancl more tiseful;
promnotion after promnotion ancl adclecl responsibility
evTokedl executivTe abgility, enabled himn to display busi1less
talent that cotuld not fail to be appreciatedl tuntil I 880
he remainecl with the Schoenbergxers, ancl all the while
he savecl his mnoney.
In the Schloenberger ofice was anothaer younu mnan,
Jolhn G. A. Leishmanl, who wvas also cloinu very well.
BEut after due consideration, Leishman and Snyder decidled they wotild do bDetter if they formned a partnershlip
ancl weint inito bttsiness for- thetmselves.  This decision
resulted in the form1ation of the firm of Leishl-ian 8
Snyder.
This highly successftil partnership continued tintil
I 888, wvhen Snyder ptirchased Leishman's interest and
carried on even i-nore successfully than before thle busiI6   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
with a population of 5,500; Monessen, a strong young city
on the Monongahela River, with 3,000 people; New Kensington, with about 6,ooo people, most of whom are engaged in the several factories on the Allegheny River;
Scottdale, one of the strong coke and coal centers, and
West Newton, are also important towns. Duquesne Borough, on the south bank of the Monongahela River, has a
population of nearly fifteen thousand people. It has
fifteen establishmaents, with an aggregate capital of
$I6,59I,38o, employing an average of 2,800 persons, and
paying them annually $I,900,580. The miscellaneous
expenses are $966,825 a year. The cost of the materials
used is $23,I44,659, and the value of the production is
$28,494,303 annually. This is one of the younger of
the suburban boroughs, and is growing in all elements
of strength and value famously every year. The most
important of its works are the furnaces, retorts and factories of the Duquesne portion of the United States Steel
Corporation.
Homestead is and has been one of the strong and
satisfactory growths of the Carnegie Steel Comnpany. It
was bought, laid out and largely finished while Andrew
Carnegie was still a resident of Pittsburgh.  In it are the
great Homestead mills, in which the structural iron and
steel and the celebrated armor plate are made. Many other
specialties are also turned out of these mills.  It has no
fewer than 27 establishments with a capital of $732,587.
The value of the products of the Carnegie interests is
reckoned with those of another concern of the same interets. The other concerns employ 307 persons, and pay
them annually $171,247. Homestead has nearly 20,000
population.
Braddock is the early seat of the Carnegie enterprises.
It was a village then, and distinguished as the disastrous
ante-Revolution battle ground of famous history. The
enterprises and the village have long since outgrown
their swaddling clothing. Braddock has an immediate
and tributary population not far from 40,000 people, and
is growing fast. It has 39 establishments with an aggregate capital of $3,333,o56, an average employee list of
I,245 persons, to whom are annually paid nearly a million
dollars. The cost of the materials used is $2, 777,I83.
The value of the products is $4,199,079. The city is
very up to date in its municipal enterprises and in the
individual enterprise. The large furnaces and rail mills
of the Carnegie company are in this city, together with
many small private concerns.
McKees Rocks has a population of I 2,000. It is exclusively a manufacturing city. It has the Lake Erie
railroad shops and round houses employing more than
one thousand persons.  It has also the large plant of the
Lockhart Iron  Steel Co., the Schoen Pressed Steel Car
Company, the McKay Chain Works, old Anderson-DuPuy Works, and a score of smaller and less important
factories. It lies on the south bank of the Ohio River
below the west end of Pittsburgh.
Carnegie is one of the largest of the recent boroughs
of Allegheny County. It is, fortunately, situated on the
Panhandle, the Washington branch of the Panhandle,
and on the Wabash and the Pittsburgh, Chartiers and
Youghiogheny  railroads.  Many  large  factories have
grown up in this borough, and others are locating there
at present. Its schools and churches are new and among
the best in Pennsylvania. It has a population of I 2, 000.
Tarentum, with a population of more than six thousand, is a flourishing town on the north bank of the
Allegheny River, near the Armstrong and Butler County
lines and across the river from Westmoreland County.
It is in the midst of the most important manufacturing
and agricultural settlements in western Pennsylvania. Its
manufacturing interests are valuable and numerous. It
is a vigorous and advancing borough in every element of
enterprise. The population is over 6,ooo.
Sharpsburg, lying north of the eastern portion of
Pittsburgh, on the north side of the Allegheny River, has
long been one of the most vigorous boroughs lying near
the city, as it will soon be its most vigorous northwest
frontier. It is connected with Pittsburgh by two bridges,
and at present is really a portion of the city. Its population is about 7,000. Many of the largest iron and steel
mills and glass factories are in Sharpsburg. The municipal advantages are abundant in every particular.
Allegheny County in all of its valleys and on all of its
hills is filled with villages and large towns, in all of which
are manufacturing plants of large and small importance.
These towns and villages are so numerous that yearly
they are nearing each other, and soon they will all form
one large city, whose name will be Pittsburgh.
Butler County, in view of its own natural advantages
and the railway facilities radiating from Pittsburgh, is
rapidly developing into a manufacturing importance that
is appealing to those with capital and enterprise. The
county seat itself is one of the very enterprising county
capitals of Pennsylvania. It has forty-eight plants of various kinds, with a capital of $9,9Io,334. These employ
about 2,I00 persons, paying them in wages more than
$ I,II3,756 annually. The value of production is $6,832,007; the cost of material, $4,659,864, with miscellaneous
expenses of $516,85 7. The population is not f ar from fif -
teen thousand people.  Steel cars, glassware, iron and
steel specialties are among the manv productions. The
whole trend of the people of the county and city is toward substantial improvements along present lines of
liglht. The tremendous advancement of local values,
lands, farms, general domestic facilities in this county in
a few years has given a healthy stimulus to everything,
and everyone is looking to further expansions  in the near
future. The street railway problem has been solved to
a large extent here, and its complete solution is giving
local enterprise much present thought. The Pennsylvania, Baltimore  Ohio, the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh, and other roads are doing much f or Butler's178  T H E   S T O R Y   O F  P   I T T S B tJ R G H
SUPERIOR STEEL COMPANY-The meiiibers
of thle Sutperior Steel Con-lpany of Pittsburgh are jatines
H. Hal-nmi-ondl, president; Joseph F. Hedges, secretary
adcl treasurer, ancl Francis R. Schneicler, superintenclent.
Thaey are m1antifacttirer-s of hot-rollecl ancl colcl-rollecl
steel. The ntimber of their emnployees is eighlt hunclrecl.
Thaey were establishecl Januiary I, I893, with a capital of
$500,000.
In the short periocl of fifteen years it is interestiliqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
to note the rapid development that is possible in the
manufacture of high-grade steels and their uses. The
Superior Steel Company, of Pittsburgh, was incorporated in I 892, with works and mail office located at
Carnegie, Pa., for the purpose of manufacturing one of
the most interesting and useful products found in the
steel trade.
The product consists entirely of bright, cold-rolled,
strip steel, a commodity that requires more exact and
careful workmanship and years of experience than any
of the various lines of the steel trade.  Accuracy of
gauge and brightness of surface are two of the essential
features in connection with this interesting work, for
the reason that the product is used exclusively in the
manufacture of high-grade specialties of every character where the use of fine dies, skilled labor and the
best possible workmanship are required to form the various articles into which this product is worked.
Hardware fixtures, stove-trimmings, auomobile and
bicycle fittings sewing mchine and typewriter parts, and
various other novelties manufactured throughout the
country where deep drawing, stamping and bending work
is required, constitute the principal uses to which this
class of material is put.
The company produces I, 500 tons of high-class material per, month, its capacity in this line of business is
larger than any of the strip-steel manufacturers.  It is
increasing, its output to an extent which, when completed,
will greatly enlarge the above average.
The members of the company are enterprising in
their methods and never lose an opportunity to adopt
new ideas, a fact due, perhaps, to all the members being
comparatively young men, but each having had experience with other steel organizations.
As indicating one of the possibilities of the coldrolled strip steel by this company, it is interesting to
note that they produce steel in one continuous coil of
2,5oo feet in length, the material being 4 1/4 inches wide,
and.004 inches thick, and made from a standard-size
billet weighing IIO pounds.
James H.-Hammond, president, is the son of William
J. Hammond, long connected with the iron business in
Pittsburgh. He was born March I3, I868, in Pittsburgh,
and received his early rolling-mill experience in the old
Pennsylvania Iron  Steel Co., operated by W. J. Hammond  Sons. Sheet iron and steel composed the principal product of the old "Pennsylvania Forge," and the
set a f avorable location on the Pittsburgh  Lake Erie
Railroad at Braddock, the company built a new plant that
is complete in every respect, and most modern in equipment. At the f oundry and works are the best f acilities
obtainable for the rapid and accurate production of steel
castings, locomotive castings, rolls, pinions, gears, table
rollers, general rolling mill castings, cast steel shapes
for ship construction and hawse pipes, dredging and piledriving machinery, machinery castings, stationary and
marine engine castings, ice machine castings, steel piles
for blast furnaces, and, in fact, castings of every kind
and character.
In the five years that it has been in the business, the
Sterling Steel Foundry Company has distinguished itself chiefly by the excellence of its work. The strongest
recomendation of a manufacturing concern is always
the worth of its output. Making as it does castings of
different varieties for numerous uses, the work of this
company, put to severe tests, has proven to be fully up
to all the requirements of the trade.  In this particular
instance "Sterling" steel like "Sterling" silver is of
established value.
Considering the diversity and quality of the output,
the company's tonnage attracts respectful attention.  A
monthly capacity of I,OOO tons indicates the extent of
the company's activity. In the foundry and works are
employed, steadily, three hundred men.
The Sterling Steel Foundry Company, duly incorporated, is capitalized at $1oo,ooo.  It is reported that
the stock of the company is very closely held. The officers of the corporation are S. J. Wainwright, Jr., President; Uriah Tinker, Treasurer, and H. E. Wainwright,
Jr., Secretary. On the Board of Directors in addition
to the above named are H. E. Wainwright and H. W.
Benn.  The general offices of the company are in the
Frick Building, Pittsburgh.
The relative importance of things is not invariably
demonstrated by size or position. In the steel business
it has been thoroughly shown, notwithstanding the shifting tendency towards mergers and great capitalization,
that some of the smaller concerns that have proper facilities and equipment can operate their plants advantageously, not only in respect to the quality of the output,
but also in the matter of obtaining profit on the capital
actually invested. In any business the personal equation
must enter in one way or another into the reckoning, and
it does strongly so in this company.
Direction and supervision to a certain extent delineate the amount of success extracted from an undertaking. Good managment goes far to upbuild, lack of
care encourages deterioration.  A  strong, thrifty establishment, obviously well looked af ter, is the Sterling
Steel Foundry Company. The condition o f the plant,
the reputation of its product, the standing of the company, all these pay high and sincere compliments to the
efficiency of the officers and directors.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S 13 U R' G H    179
knowledge of this industry has been of great assistance
to Mr. Hammond in the business he is now connected with.
Francis R. Schneider, superintendent of the Superior
Steel Company, is a thorough mill manager in all its
various branches. He was born November 29, 1857, in
Allegheny, and his first employment was with the firm
of Carnegie, Kloman  Co. in I87I as pull-up boy at
the Twenty-ninth Street mill. He had not been working
long before he chose the field of mechanics as his occupation, and from I874-I879 he learned the machinist's
and rolling-mill trade at Carnegie Brothers  Co.'s
Thirty-third Street mill. During I879 he took charge
of the roll-turning and roll-designing at the Superior
rail mill, operated by the late Andrew Kloman, and in
1882 he returned to the Thirty-third Street Works of
Carnegie, Phipps  Co. as designer of rolls and head
turner under the management of William H. Borntraeger, remaining in that position until I 892. From
I892 to I896 he had entire charge of the roll-designing
and roll-turning of the famous Homestead Steel Works
of the Carnegie Steel Company under the management
of Mr. C. M. Schwab during that period.
Several valuable patents have been granted to Mr.
Schneider, and in I896 he connected himself with the
Superior Steel Company, and through rolls, designed by
Mr. Schneider for the hot-rolling of material, it has been
enabled to produce a greater range of sizes from a
standard-sized billet than is possible to obtain from any
other method of rolling.
Joseph F. Hedges, secretary and treasurer of the
Steel Company, was born in Hopedale, Ohio, and came
to Carnegie about ten years ago; at present he is identified with the Carnegie National Bank.
In chroniding the marvelous growth and development
of the industries of Pittsburh district, adequate reference should be made to this company's remarkable
progress. Organized in August, 1892, this company has
rapidy forged to the front until it now holds the commanding position as the largest producer of bright, coldrolled strip steel in the country.
The company has fourteen acres of ground occupied
by buildings, and it owns in addition five acres more
which may be utilized in the future. The present plant
consists of four hot-mills, one 10-inch, and one I4-inch,
and one 20-inch, together with four heating furnaces, all
covering four and one-half acres. In conjunction with
these are eight producers for the manufacture of gas.
The cold-mills are 200 x 600 f eet in size, the nealing house II0X 200 feet, and the pickling house 300 x
300 f eet in size. They have a large machine shop, box
factory, lumber storage house, a boiler house having I9
boilers with a total capacity of 6,ooo horse power.
The plant is equipped with the latest methods of production. The total output of the cold-rolled plant is
I8,ooo tons per annum. The capacity for hot-rolled is
45,000 tons per year.
TAYLOR  DEAN-The firm Taylor  Dean was
founded by James R. Taylor (now deceased) in I842.
It was called James R. Taylor  Co., and induded in
the company P. C. Dean. Mr. Taylor retired in I885,
Mr. P. C. Dean continuing the business under the name
Taylor  Dean until his death in I897. The present
owner, Mr. A. C. Dean, succeeded to the business and
is now the sole owner.
This company has had much to do with the beautifying of the dwellings and business houses of the city
and community in its line of designing, manufacturing
and placing handsome iron, brass and bronze ornamental
work. Many of the buildings in this city are also
equipped with handsome, durable and convenient fire
escapes made by this firm, while the beautiful entrances
and gates to private residences, as well as to public
grounds and buildings, are examples of their skill and
exdusiveness of design and make. Then there are fireproof porches for apartment houses, and fine iron fences
for large estates, all showing the same thorough manufacture and delightful tracery of pattern for which the
firm is famous.
Besides the heavier iron workings they make a specialty as well of their wire manufacture of every description, fly screens, wire cloth and like products being
in their line.  In their huge establishments at 201-205
Market Street and 2418-2426 Penn Avenue they employ 200 men, and are at all times able to meet the large
and growing demands of their trade.
THE TITUSVILLE FORGE COMPANY-In
iron and steel manufacturing in the Pittsburgh district, under present conditions, to win out is not the
easiest of tasks.  To achieve advantages, to gain in
strength, to grow-yea, to exist-requires something
more than a little capital and a location f or a plant.
With practical knowledge, business experience and the
ability to grasp opportunities, to vivify and make active
the capital and plant, a continuously favorable outcome
may be expected from manufacturing operations. Success, even greater than that which was predicted in I897,
has attended the course of the Titusville Forge Company.
This now well known company was incorporated on
January I, I 897.  Its orginal capitalization was only
$3o,ooo. The business was started at Titusville by J.
T. Dillon. A shrewd, practical man, thoroughly conversant with the forge business, having been for years
Superintendent and Director of the big Erie Forge Company, of Erie, Pennsylvania, he saw dearly the advantages that Titusville offered.  Carefully, in a way
that provided f or f uture growth, he laid the foundations
of the present business. A desirable location, with sufficient space, was available on East Spring Street. Almost
from the time the foundry was established the company
did so well that in I9OI it was advisable to put in more-                                                                                                                     -           -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
P I T T S B U R G H
forward so successfully still rec'eives at his hands very
careful attention.
B. F. Kraffert, the Vice-President of the Titusville
Forge Company, was formerly the Treasurer of the
Titusville Iron Company. He is also a Director of the
Second National Bank, and in Titusville, where he was
born and raised, he is looked upon as one of the city's
substantial citizens.
J.P. Dillon, the Secretary of the company, is the
son of President Dillon, and assists his father in the
management.
E. O. Emerson, Jr., the company's Treasurer, has
been identified with the business since 1904. A Director
of the Commercial Bank, and the possessor of other
important properties, he is one of the leading men in
Titusville.
E. O. Emerson, Sr., one of the Directors of the company, is a capitalist well and favorably known in Pittsburgh.  In partnership with J. N. Pew he organized the
first company to supply Pittsburgh with natural gas for
domestic purposes. Mr. Emerson was Vice-President of
the People's Natural Gas Company, and associated with
various large enterprises in this vicinity.
J.L. Emerson, another Director, is the son of E. O.
Emerson, Sr. He is also a member of the Pennsylvania
Legislature, a Director in the Second National Bank and
otherwise prominently identified with the affairs of the
district.
D. S. Colestock, now a Director of the Titusville
Forge Company, was formerly the Secretary of the
Titusville Iron Company. One of the founders of the
Joy Radiator Company, which afterwards became an  important branch of the American Radiator Company, he
has been for years a man of importance in the iron and
steel industry.
In the personnel of its officers and directors, as well
as in the efficiency of its plant, are found excellent reasons for the prosperity the Titusville Forge Company
has attained.
THE UNION DRAWN STEEL COMPANYJustly entitled to the prestige it has attained as a large
manufacturer of cold-finished steel and iron for shafting and various machinery uses is the Union Drawn
Steel Company.  Advantageously  located at Beaver
Falls, the mills of the company have a capacity of 5,ooo
tons per month, and at present give employment to about
600 men. The company takes especial pride in its output of drawn, cold-rolled, turned and polished bright
steel for shafting, piston rods, pump rods and similar
appliances. It specializes in screw steel for automatic
and hand screw machines, and its "flats, squares, hexagons and shapes" are well and favorably known to the
trade.  Builders of machinery, agricultural implement
makers, typewriter, automobile and bicycle concerns,
constructors of power plants, and, in  fact, manufacISO   T  H  E    S T1 0  R  Y    O  F
capital. Accordingly the capitalization was increased to
$Ioo,ooo. The additional stock was quickly taken by
residents of Titusville. Thus enlarged the company did
even better than before. Year by year the earnings of
the institution went into the amplification and equipment
of the plant. To-day the property represents the sound
and advantageous investment of over $300,000. In ten
years, under intelligent and judicious management, the
"Titusville Forge" has increased to more than ten times
its original value.
The Titusville Forge Company manufactures iron and
steel forgings, in weight from I0 pounds to 30 tons.
Included in its output are crank shafts, engine, marine
and crusher shafts, connecting rods, bending rolls and
miscellaneous forgings, either smooth-forged, roughmachined or finished complete. The company makes a
specialty of single, double and triple-throw crank shafts.
Work of this kind is necessarily exacting and requires not only the best of material, but the most carefull and competent workmanship.  In its f orging the
company uses only the highest grade of wrought iron
and open-hearth steel.  Possessing a plant especially
-adapted to the work called for, having skilled workmen
and expert supervision, the "Titusville Forge" is enabled
to undertake success fully the most difficult contracts. Its
forgings are accounted among the best made anywhere.
Its crank shafts are famous for their strength and durability. Every item of its manufacture bears the stamp
of reliability. Through the excellence of its work, the
forge is favorably known all over the United States, and
new orders constantly come to the Titusville Company
from foreign countries. In the manufacturing districts
of Pennsylvania, New York, Rhode Island, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin are located the bulk of its
American customers. From abroad the largest orders so
far received have come from Canada and the Hawaiian
Islands. Wherever crank shafts and the like are in demand, where the best work is sought for, there the
Titusville Forge Company has a prospective customer.
Through the merits of its forgings its trade is being
rapidly extended. The damage that might ensue from
a flaw in a crank shaft or an article of that description
makes buyers particular.  Orders  for  forgings that
needs must be depended on, go to the company that has
the reputation of producing the best.  The handiwork
of the Titusville Forge Company has triumphantly withstood the most severe tests.
One of the founders of the industry, and since the
inception of the enterprise President of the company, is
J. T. Dillon. Leaving the machinist's trade in "the
seventies," proving his worth and ability, rising from
the ranks to be a f oreman and then promoted to the position of superintendent, while with the Erie Forge Company, he achieved merited distinction. Aside from his
holdings in the Titusville Forge Company now he has
other large interests, but the work he has helped to bringT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U -R G H    I8I
turers in all lines that require bright, accurately finisheed
steel, are steady customers of the Union Drawn Steel
Company.  Continual experimenting  and  trial have
placed the company in a position to ful-nish the best
analysis of steel for special work. Because of superior
facilities and its patented method of manufacturing, it
is claimedl that for accuracy and finish the company's
product can not be surpassed in this country.
The Union Dratwn Steel Company was established
in I889 as a new concern, since when it has confined itself "strictly to bright drawn steel and turned stock."
The'company's plant and business represent the investment of $I,250,000. F. N. Beegle, who has been with
the company ever since its organization, is the president
of the corporation, ancl Frederick Davidson, who has
been identified with Union Drawn Steel for the past ten
years, part of the time as vice-president of the companv,
is secretary and treasurer.  F. N. Beegle, Frederick
Davidson and E. E. Davidson constitute the directorate.
The headquarters and works of the company are at
Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, but important branch offices
and warehouses, where large and complete stocks are
carried, have been established in New York, Chicago,
Philaclelphia and Cincinnati. In Boston and Atlanta the
company has sales offices.
As the result of investigations made by the Stevens
Institute of Technology, it is stated that shafting turned
from bars such as are used for the Union Drawn Steel
Company's "coldcl-die rolled steel" show a tensile strength
of 62,ooo pounds, and an elastic limit of 44,000 pounds
per square inch, while the same bars, after being subjected to the company's special process, showed a tensile
strength of 86,900  pounds, and an elastic limnit of 71,000
pounds per square inch.  It was demonstrated that by
the company's process the resistance to transverse stress
is increasecl aliiost Ioo per cent., and to the torsional
strength is added from 50 to 60 per cent. By making
gooc in this way, and by overlooking no opportunity to
improve its machinery and methodls of production, the
Union Drawn Steel Company explains the secret of its
success.
UNION STEEL CASTING COMPANY The
members of the Union Steel Casting Company are C. C.
Smnith, president; S. H. Church, vice-president; G. W.
Eisenbeis, treasurer; G. W. Smith, secretary; J. P. Allen,
sales agent, and the Hon. W. P. Potter. The company
was eslablished In I899, and has a capital of $I,500,000.
It meets all oblg-ations promptly, credit rating is high,
and financial reputation very fine.
Thae company nman1ffactures steel castings of every
description from  a few  ounces up to 70,000 pounds
each. Special attention is given to the higher grade of
machinery, castings for locomotives, engines, etc.  It
eniploys 475 people at its plant located at Sixty-first
Street and the Allegheny Valley Railway.  Its general
offices are at Sixty-first and Butler Streets, Pittsburgh.
The trade is principally clonlestic.
Practically the entire output is ilachinery castings,
the majority of which go into loco-notives. They make
locotnotive fralies by a successftil patented process.
C. C. S-nith, the president, has been with the colnpany since its inception. He planned ancd bulilt the plant
and reorganizecl the conipany. G. W. S1nith, secretary,
was edtucated for shop superintendent and has great
ability in haandling inen. J. P. Allen is a successftil and
courteous sales agent, and was for-nerly with the Alierican Steel Casting Conmpany. The n-embers of the company have faith in Pittsburgh as the best possible location for steel inclustries.
UNITED ENGINEERING  FOUNDRY COMPANY   Owing to the changed conditions in the iron
and steel nlanufacturing inclustry, growing out- of the
consolidation of these interests, it was deemed good business policy to unite several manufacturers in the roll
and inachinery line into one organization where cluplication of dlesigns, patterns, chemical and metallurgical
investigation could be avoided, and at the sa-ne time increase the efficiency of the tinited plants. Therefore the
United Engineering  Foundry Co. was formed July I,
IgoI. It consists of the Lloyd-Booth, situated at Phelps
and Oak Streets, Youngstown, Ohio; the Frank-Kneeland, at Fifty-fourth Street, Pitsburgh; the Lincoln, at
Sixty-first  Street,  Pittsburgh,  and  the  McGill,  at
Twenty-sixth Street, Pittsburgh. The steel foundry is
at Vanclergr-ift, Pa., and the general office is on the
twenty-third floor of the Far1ners' Bank Building, Pittsburgh.
The n-iembers of the company are Isaac W. Frank,
president; C. H. Booth, vice-president; S. A. Sinall,
secondl vice-president; Edward  I(neelancl, treasurer;
Charles E. Satler, secretary, and C. H. Childs, chairnan of the executive committee.  The co-npany's stock
iS $2,000,000 preferred, and $2,500,000 common.
The company manttfactures complete equipments of
niachinery for steel works, brass and copper mills, including  blooming  nmills, universal 1nills, plate mills,
slabbing mills, sh'eet n-ills, tin mills, guide mills, structural -nills, skelp'ii-lls, 1-nuck bar mills- and continuous
nills.  It employs nine hunclrecl iien in its plants.
Its prodtucts are sold in nearly every State in the
Union, besides it enjoys a trade with Mexico, Canada,
England, France, Germany, Belgium, Russia and Japan.
Its business has its headquarters in Pittsburgh, and
developed with Pittsburgh supre-nacy in the nmanufacturing  of steel ancl its products.  It has  built, and is
building, the largest institutions in the world, such as
the mills at Braddlock, Honmestead, Duq-uesne, Clairton,
Bethlehem, Smith at Chicago, and all the eqtuipment to
dlate for Gary, Indiana.
Its rolls have macde a reputation wherever used onX - -               -L       JL JL
account of their quality.  The company has developed
the chemistry of this business as has no other company.
It designs and builds complete plants and the machinery
therefore. It has a staff of seventy engineers and
draughtsmen, and the interested head of every department is skilled in his line.
Their foundries are well equipped with electric
travelling cranes of large capacity; their roll department
is equipped for the manufacture of all kinds and sizes
of rolls; their machine shops are completed with the
most modern tools and of such size as to finish the heaviest castings or forgings made; their engineering department is prepared to design and insure the operation of
individual machines or complete plants.
Each plant has a modern pattern shop, equipped with
improved machinery for the class of work intended to
be done. Railroad sidings run through each plant, and
the Pittsburgh plants are on the river front, so they can
ship by water, if necessary.
UNITED IRONT  STEEL CO.-Viewed from Mt.
Washington the city of Pittsburgh presents a remarkable
scene. As the visitor peers down through the smoke and
the mist he may recall the fact that George Washington
stood upon the same spot 152 years ago, and as he looked
over the valley beneath he suggested that the confluence
of the rivers would be a good place for a fort. What
did Washington see on that occasion, and what does the
visitor see from that hill-top to-day? To say the least,
the two views prove a striking contrast with a visual difference of over a century of years.
As Washington looked out over the landscape as
far as his vision would carry, he saw broad sweeps
of forests, valleys and hill-tops crested with timber.
Yonder he could see the silver band of the Allegheny
fringed with green, as it joined the murky ribbon of
the Monongahela to form the beautiful Ohio before it
disappears behind the hills to the West. And yonder
above the tree tops he could see the smoke from the h
of a hunter or the wigwam of a savage as it winged its
way skyward-through the pure air. He listened, but no
sounD broke Upon his ear save the song of the wilcl bird,
the clip of the wild man's oar in-tl-ie river bDelowv, or the
echo of a shot fromn somne htunter's gtun.
But if you go to tlhat spot now, what will yotu see
and liear? You will see that the forests have nearly
all disappeared, and away yonder in the dim distance
are the mines of coal, the pools of oil, the pockets of
gas, the bars of iron, the rails of steel, the sheets of tin,
the plates of glass, the ropes of wire, and the blocks of
armor that are bringing the dollars of the world to the
doors of our homes and making the community f at with
the material things of life. A great city lies at your
feet, and from the throats of a thousand mills you can
hear the triumphant song of Pittsburgh's industrial
supremacy as outlined by a lamented Pittsburgh poet:
I182
O F  P I T T S B U R G H
S T O R Y
T H E
"I am monarch of all the forges,
I have solved the riddle of fire.
The amen of nature to the good of man
Cometh at my desire.
I search with the subtle soul of flame
The heart of the hidden earth,
And from under my hammers the prophecies
Of the miracle years go forth.
I am swart with the soot of chimneys,
I drip with the sweat of toil,
I quell and quench the savage thirst
And I charm the curse from the soil.
I fling the bridges across the gulfs
That separate us from the to be,
And I build the roads of the bannerea hosts
Of crowned humanity."
An important factor in establishing the industrial
supremacy of the Pittsburgh district is the United Iron 
Steel Co., which is controlled by Pittsburgh capitalists
who have been identified with the Iron City's development for many years. The directors of this company
are: Alexis W. Thompson, W. H. Schoen, Joshua W.
Rhodes, Wm. B.. Rhodes and Edwin N. Ohl, all of
Pittsburgh, and Harry Rubens and L. E. Block, of Chicago. Messrs. Ohl, Schoen and Thompson are president, vice-president and treasurer respectively, whose
names with those of the other directors carry great
weight in the business community and give their company substantial standing.
The United Iron  Steel Co. took over the Cherry
Valley Iron Company on November I, I906, for the
purpose of carrying on the manufacture of pig iron and
the mining of iron ore. It employs 300 at its blast furnaces, and about Soo at the iron ore mines. Its capital
iS $2,000,000, with $3,000,000 of bonds issued. The
principal offices of the company are in the Peoples' Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. One blast furnace,I7 X 80
feet, is located at West Middlesex, Pa., the capacity of
the two furnaces being, about 650 tons daily.
The iron-ore mines in which this companv is interested are located in St. Louis County, Minnesota,
which will produce during the present year from eight
hundred thousand to one million (800,000 to I,000,000)
tons of iron ore.
The company also OWNS over seven hundred (700)
acres of coking coal located in the Connellsville district,
Fayette County, Pa., which is not yet developed, but
probably will be during the present year.
The charter of this company was granted under date
of November 27, I9o6, and it succeeds to all of the business of the Cherry Valley Iron Company, of which the
late Jos. G. Chamberlain was president and general manager, and has continued in operation since that time under the ownership of various companies, but was bought
by the Cherry Valley Iron Company May I, I900.The furnace at West Middlesex, Pa., was built by
the late Hon. E. A. Wheeler in I872 and was purchased
from him and his associates by the Cherry Valley Iron
Company April I, I9OI.
Both of these furnaces have been entirely rebuilt and
complete new equipment installed within the last three
years, and they are now up-to-date imiodern blast furnaces. The company's product, both ore and pig, is sold
in the open market.
THE UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION-From the depths of the mine to the sumtmit of
finance rises in r ugge d
grandeur the world's largest industrial incorporation.  Across the commercial horizon, Olympus-like,
it lifts its awe-inspiring proportions.  From  the valley
to the uplands, from the
foot hills to the mountain
to p  a r e  upheaved  vast
aggregations of capital and
productive energy.  Assets,
resources and opportunities
are piled up; company upon
company  lends  increasing
bulk and substance to the
mass; past achievements upraised  to higher efficiency
culminate  in  the  United
States Steel Corporation.
Wi t h its f ar-f lung
strength  and  concentrated
power, the greatest financial
entity  in the  richest and
most resourceful nation on
earth is the creation of this
country's  astounding  increase of business.  It was
the direct outco ne of
clhanged  conditions.  It is
the archetype of a new order of things.  Called into existence by America's unprecedented prosperity, constituted by the aggregation
of companies, the smallest of which is a corporation of
tremendous 1agnitude, it represents to the utmnost twentieth-century methods.  An amazing amalgamation of
forces at the outset, securing control of inmmensely inmportant properties, exalted, domninant, it conducts with
facility and ease stupendous operations.  A prodigious,
advantageous unification of a community of interests
this 1modern colossus bestrides the steel industry of the
United States.
The United States Steel Corporation was organized
under the laws of New Jersey on February 25, I901.
In April of that year it began to do business on a scale
previously inconceivable.  Its authorized capitalization
was $I,IOO,OOO,ooo. At the cotmmiencemtent, by a series
of world-astonishing transactions, were acquired:
Carnegie Steel Comnpany, The Lorain Steel Company,
Illinois Steel Company, American Steel  Wire Co., National Tube Companies, Shelby Steel Tube Company,
American Bridge Company, American Sheet   Tin
Plate Co.
A little later was perfected the corporation's title to:
Union Steel Company, Claireton Steel Company, The
Universal Portland Cetent Company.
All of the above-naimed
enormous concerns w i t h
their divers and vast possessions the United States
Steel Corporation o w n s,
and, in addition to the holdings of its subsidiaries, it
has immensely valuable assets in the Lake Superior
iron mines.
That its operations and
plans in the future might be
carried through to greater
advantage, the corporation
brought into being the following: United States Steel
Products Export Company,
Indiana S t e e 1 Company,
Gary Land Company.
In November, I907, the
United States Steel Corporation purchased a controlling interest in the Tennessee Coal  Iron Co.
In monetary prestige, in
the extent of its natural and
created advantages, in the
scope of its operations, in
the vastness of its capacity,
in the immensity of its output the superlative corporation is "United States Steel."  In attempting to describe its resources and facilities, ordinary comparisons are pitifully out of place.  Only by contrasting its achievements, not with those of other comnpanies, but with the industries of countries, can any
adequate idea be obtained.  Great Britain that in steel
production once was the leading nation, now makes less
steel than the United States Steel Corporation. The
German Empire, with all its scientific advancement and
practical enterprise, does not produce, annually, anywhere near an amount of steel equal to the output of
this one American concern.  With England and Germany outdone, the corporation has won in six years the
WILLIAM  E. COREY184   T II E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S 13 U  R G H
tons per year until it reaches 8,250,000 tons; the annual
minimum then to continue on that basis. The lease is
effective until the ore is exhausted, unless on January I,
I9I5, the contract is terminated under the option reserved to the lessee.
With the Tennessee Coal, Iron  Railroad Co., of
which it recently secured control, the United States Steel
Corporation acquired 29 iron ore mines with an annual
capacity of over 3,000,000 tons of red and brown
hematite ores, located at or near Green Springs, Ishkooda, Smythe, Redding, Readers, Legousta, Spark's
Gap, Champion, McMath, Martiban, Standiford, Giles
and Bessemer in Alabama and near Emerson in Georgia.
In all the Tennessee Coal, Iron  Railroad Co. owned
about 40,ooo acres of iron ore land, and 70,ooo acres
of undeveloped  mineral land, besides 304,ooo acres of
coal land, and 29,ooo acres of land chiefly valuable for
its timber. These southern iron ore deposits are susceptible of being worked very cheaply and advantageously.
From the mines of the corporation is excavated approximately one-fifth of the world's annual output of
iron ore. And the possession of enormous deposits of
cheaply obtained Superior ore is made doubly important
by the control of the world's most valuable coking coal
and coke production. From the Connellsville districts
is obtained the coal that makes the coke that gives the
most satisfactory results in steel manufacturing.  The
corporation not only has the bulk, but the cream of
the Connellsville properties. Subsidiaries of the United
States Steel Corporation own in the Connellsville and
lower Connellsville districts in Westmoreland and Fayette
Counties, Pennsylvania:
Acreage of coal..................... 62,517 acres
Acreage of surface....................- 20,039  cc
Number of coking plants................. 65
Number of beehive ovens................. I8,822
In the Pocahontas district in McDowell County, West
Virginia, the corporation's subsidiaries have leased upwards of 50,000  acres of coal.  In connection with
these properties are eight coking plants comprising 2,15I
beehive ovens.  Also at Benwood, West Virginia, and
Sharon and South Sharon, Pennsylvania, are operated,
in all, 357 by-product coke ovens. Sundry tracts of
steam coal located at or near the furnaces and plants of
subsidiary companies in Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
Ohio, Indiana and in Williamson County, Illinois, aggregate about 6,5oo acres. In Washington, Allegheny,
Green, Somerset and Fayette Counties, Pennsylvania,
are various gas and steam coal lands having a total area
of 25,408 acres.
In I906, besides the coal required to make the 13,295,073 tons of coke which it manufactured, the company mined I,9I2,444 tons of other coal.
Illustrative of the United States Steel Corporation's
acknowledgment that it produces more than one-f ourth
of the world's supply of steel. Take seriously into consideration the various uses of steel in these days, how
essential it is to civilization, how the utilization of it has
developed and increased, how immense is the quantity
required, not by one nation, but by the whole inhabited
globe; then think how great is the constructive power
of a company that prepares more than a fourth part of
the steel annually needed by all humanity.
In the vastness and present accessibility of the iron
ore deposits of the Lake Superior region exist the primary reason of America's steel supremacy. In northern
Michigan and in Minnesota are mountains and plains
of iron ore. Red and heavy underneath the soil of the
forest primeval lies the secret of cheap steel.  In f arreaching pockets, in immense heaps, in whole ranges of
hills, practically on the s urf ace, ready to be scooped up
and carried away, is the Superior iron ore. To those
accustomed to the mining methods that obtain elsewhere,
a Mesaba iron mine is one of the world's wonders.
There are no deep shafts, no long tunnels, no rock blasting and tedious hoisting, but just a great excavation open
to the light of day.
The Mesaba miner uses a steam shovel. With one
of these powerful, steam-operated excavators eight men
can load more ore in an hour than 500 delving miners
could bring up from the ordinary mine in a day. At
every swing of the steam shovel's arm five tons of ore
drop into a waiting car. The arm swings twice a minute.
Ten strokes of the excavator, in five minutes, fill a 50ton car. So soon as twenty cars are loaded, the engine
pulls them out of the mine, and the train speeds on its
way 8o miles through the woods to the shore of Lake
Superior. From the high trestle work of the ore dock
the cars quickly dump their contents into the ore bins beneath. Back goes the train again for another I,ooo ton
load. In this manner is mined the iron ore of the United
States Steel Corporation.
In addition to its developed mines, the corporation
either owns in fee or holds under long-term leases on
the ranges named extensive acreages of land, much of'which contains immense quantities of ore yet unopened.
On the land also is a large amount of valuable timber.
The great ore tracts of the Northern Pacific Railway
Company are leased to the United States Steel Corporation. Under this lease the royalty to be paid f or the ore
is $I.65 pe r gross ton for ore containing 59 per cent. of
metallic iron delivered in the docks at the head of Lake
Superior. If the ore grades higher or lower than 59
per cent., the royalty will be varied accordingly. The
contract provides that the ore shall be paid for on a basis
of $I.65 per ton for all shipments made in 1907; thereafter the base price increases at the rate of three and
four-tenths cents per ton each sticceeding year.  The
minimum to be mined and shipped in 1907 is 750,000
tons.  Afterwards the minimum increases by 750,000methods of coal mining is the statement that "the
Traveskyn coal mine, near Pittsburgh, which was built
entirely by the corporation, has probably no equal in the
world for safety, convenience and efficiency."  "All the
hauling is done by four six-ton electric locomotives on
a double-track road, without a grade anywhere of more
than 80 feet to the mile." The mine is lighted throughout by electricity.  Its walls near the pit's mouth are
whitewashed.  A $I2,000 ventilating apparatus blows
through the mine a constant stream of fresh air. An
independent telephone system connects the superintendent
with every part of the mine. The output of the mine is
2,000 tons a day, five tons per man. The 400 workmen
live in neat cottages scattered
through a grove of trees. A
few of the men make $I50
a month, but the  average
wages are about half as much.
After making a tour of investigation through the Traveskyn mine, Herbert N. Casson said: "In the past dozen
years I have seen many mines
in this country and Great Britain, but never one like this."
At the coking plants of the
corporation this lhistorian of
the steel industry saw "the
same good managemlent and
free expenditure of capital."
In the past year for its
own use the corporation from
its various properties quarried 2,227,436 tons of limestone.
Through two of its subsidiaries, the Carnegie Steel
Company and the American
Sheet and Tin Plate Company, the corporation owns in
Pennsylvania and West Virginia extensive natural gas
territory. Altogether the Carnegie Company has (either
owned or under lease) I48,I5I acres of gas land. Utilized in the exploitation of this property are 400 miles of
pipe line and four pumping stations. From the wells on
the American Sheet  Tin Plate Co.'s great acreage
through extensive pipeage is drawn the gas used at the
immense plants in the Vandergrift district.
By virtue of its manufacturing facilities of almost
inconceivable immensity and diversity, the corporation
can make anything in steel, from a tack to a sky-scraper,
from  a bit of wire to a bridge across the Mississippi,
from a tin can to the shell-defying armor of a battleship.
The capacity of the various plants is best attested by
their output.
In the incessant strife for increased production, the
corporation upholds the standard of quality it has established in every item  of its manufacture.  Always its
efforts are most persistently directed towards making
better steel. Not only in mining and manufacturing, but
in shipping, the United States Steel Corporation excels.
It ranks sixth on the list of the world's greatest merchant
ship owners.  Its Lake steamers constitute the largest
and most efficient commercial fleet tiundcler the American
flag. In its Lake fleet are 72 steamers and 29 barges.
What can be done in a Lake "season" depends somewhat on the length and severity of the winter, but of
long voyages the steamers average 19 trips a year. The
fleet earns, annually, more
than $Io,ooo,ooo. The average large steel ore boat carries almost 7,000 tons and
makes approximately I 2 knots
an hour.  Recently the corporation built four steamers
(each of which cost $I,700,ooo) of the latest and 1nost
improved type for Lake service.  Of over I2,000  tons
burden, these four steamers
in  a  favorable  season  can
"carry down the Lakes" upwards of goo,ooo tons of ore.
For quickness in receiving
and discharging cargo, vessels
of this class are unequalled.
It is of record that 10,500
tons of ore were placed on
board a Lake steamer in go
minutes. The American idea
of celerity is exemplified by a
vessel that takes on 500 tons
in five minutes and unloads a
like amount of ore in a quarter of an hour.
Great docks, unsurpassed
in their equipment for receiving, handling and forwarding freight, chiefly ore,
are owned by the corporation at Two Harbors and
Duluth, Minnesota, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Chicago,
Illinois and at Ashtabula, Cleveland, Lorain, Fairport
and Conneaut, Ohio. On no other docks in the world
is the transfer of freight, chiefly ore, accomplished with
such tremendous expedition and so little expense. Wonderfully ingenious arrangements, the utilization of great
bridge cranes, McMyler and Hulett unloaders and other
contrivances so efficient and adaptable that they seem
almost uncanny, do practically all the work; the men
merely direct the machines. Within half a clday after an
ore steamer arrives, its entire cargo is aboard trains that
are speeding on their way to Pittsburgh or wherever
JAMES GAYLEYP I T T S B U R G H
I86   T  H  E   S T  O  R  Yt   O  F
may be the ore's destination. At Conneaut, now in point
of tonnage the greatest port on Lake Erie, a harbor
which owes its business almost entirely to first the Carnegie Steel Company and afterwards the United States
Steel Corporation, four miles of 5o-ton ore cars have
been loaded and hauled out in a day.
Of important, profitably operatedl ore railroads the
United States Steel Company owns:
The Duluth  Iron Range Railroad, the Duluth,
Missabe  Northern Railway, the Elgin, Joliet  Eastern Railway, the Chicago, Lake Shore  Eastern Railway, and the Bessemer  Lake Erie Railroad.
Besides these it has a number of short lines and connections. In all, taking in account main lines, branches,
spurs, sidings, second tracks and what is utilized under
trackage rights, the corporation operates over 2,500
miles of railroad. Included in its rolling stock are about
800 locomotives and approximately 36,ooo cars.  Because of the unusually heavy freight traffic these socalled ore railroads are most substantially built, progressively managed and kept in excellent repair.
Producing in I906 Portland cement to the amount
of 2,076,ooo barrels, the three cement plants in the
Chicago district, formerly operated by the Illinois Steel
Company, were transferred to another subsidiary, the
Universal Portland Cement Company. The completion
of two new plants, one at Buffington, Indiana, with an
annual capacity of 2,000,000 barrels, and another at
Universal, Pennsylvania, where I,500,000 barrels yearly
will be made, with other improvements increases the corporation's cement production to 6,ooo,ooo barrels annually. In other words, the United States Steel Corporation is producing yearly three times the total amount
of Portland cement made by the entire countryin I896,
a marvelous increase indeed.
In Indiana, not far from Chicago, on the shore of
Lake Michigan, the United States Steel Corporation acquired a large tract of land. The model city that is
growing up there is called Gary, in honor of the chairman of the corporation. At Gary are being erected by
the Illinois Steel Company eight blast furnaces, 56 openhearth furnaces, blooming and rail mill,, various finishing mills, a central power plant, foundries, machine
shops and other appurtenances of what will be one of the
United States Steel Corporation's most important establishments. The Harbor, docks and railroad terminals at
Gary will be constructed so as to afford every possible
advantage and facility in receiving ore and transferring
freight.
The site of the city of Gary covers about 7,5oo acres.
On this tract, through the activity of the Gary Land
Company, a substantial city is being created with wondrous rapidity. Everything in connection with Gary is
well planned. In everything done, there is excellent construction. Comprehended in the contracts now being
executed are water works, gas works, a complete sewerage system, well, paved streets, wide and enduring sidewalks and handsome and substantial buildings.
At Gary the United States Steel Corporation has already expended $I8``6,589,ooo, and for the completion of
the corporation's plans are further ftunds reserved to the
extent of $30,46I,ooo.
On January I, I907 (in the case of the coke mlen on
March I, I907), the Unitecl States Steel Corporation increased the wages of 13I,ooo emaployees. This advance
appliecl practically to all who were paicl clay rates, ancl to
a considerable number of those who received rnonthly
salaries. The average increase was six and six-tenths
per cent. This raise to the rnen increases the corporation's expenclittures for labor approximately $6,ooo,ooo
a year. During the past two years the working force of
the corporation averagecl as follows:
Employees of                 Number          1 905
Manuf acturing properties................. I 47,048    13o,6I4
Coal and coke properties.................. 2I,929  20,883
Iron ore mining properties................. I4,393  I2,068
Transportation properties................I6,638.I4,524
Miscellaneous properties.................. 2,449    2,o69
Total......................... 202,457           I80,158
Total annual salaries  and      I,906.        1905.
wages................. $147,765,540  $I28,052,955
It is the practice of the corporation to distribute annually substantial bonuses to a large number of employees
who merit the same. At the conclusion of the present
year will be created a considerable pension fund.
The export trade of the United States Steel Corporation now  amounts to upwards of 1,000,000  tons a
year. Such of its products as are marketed abroad are
sold at prices substantially on a parity with domestic
prices. The extension and development of the corporation's foreign sales are carefully looked after by the
United States Steel Products Export Company, a subsidiary organized for that especial purpose. Every detail
pertaining to the sale and delivery of the corporation's
products to purchasers outside the United States is entrusted to the "Export" company. The million tons
which the corporation annually exports is distributed in
one way or another all over the earth.
On June 30, I907, the corporation had on hand unfilled orders aggregating 7,603,878 tons. Partly due to
the increased capacity of various plants, but principally
caused by the financial stringency, this tonnage on November I, I907, had decreased to some 6,025,000 tons.
Orders then being booked averaged about I8,ooo tons
a day.
When the corporation was organized, subsidiary
companies had outstanding notes and bills amounting to
$42,000,000. All of these, except $I,047,000, have
been paid. The latter amount represents deposits of employees under a savings-account arrangement.Since the formation of the corporation, in addition
to the payment of dividends and interest, there has been
provided from the earnings a reserve for the extinguishment of capital of $79,570,ooo, and there has been
added to the assets from  the same source $266,180,000.
"Cash in banks, $75,973,ooo." That significant item
in the quarterly statement of the United States Steel Corporation on October I, I907, explained, perhaps, more
convincingly than anything else could the excellent financial condition of the corporation.
For Ig96 the gross sales and earnings of the corporation amounted to $696,756,926.0oi. From other sources
it derived additional income to the extent of $5,368,942.93. When fromn this
prodigious total of $702,125,868.94 w a s deducted
the manufacturing and producing cost, the operating
expenses (in which were included charges for ordinary
maintenance and r e p a i r s
amounting to $29,000,000),
interest charges, taxes and
other  incidental  expenditures for the year, there remainecl net earnings to the
extent of $I56,624,273.I8.
The dividends that the
United States Steel Corporation has declared, its earnings month by month, from
the time of its organization,
to the ordinary person are
the best elucidation of the
facts concerning this stupendous aggregation of productive energy and potential
finance.
Despite its overshadowing importance the United
States Steel Corporation is not on unfriendly terms with
its competitors. It has never used its tremendous power
to crush out smaller rivals. Nor has it ever utilized its
commanding position to elevate prices to the public detriment. On the contrary, it has notably recognized the
fact that stability of prices is desired by both the producer and the consumer.  Through improvetnents and
better conditions it has reduced the cost of manufacturing approximately ten per cent. By its policy of publicity it has disarmed prejudice.
Administering affairs of the greatest magnitude eve,r
entrusted to private individuals in the success that they
have achieved, the men at the head of the United States
Steel Corporation have shown an astonished world how
well they have in hand entire control of the situation.
Directors (term  expires I907):  Edmund C. Converse, Elbert H. Gary, Chairman; James Gayley, J. Pierpont Morgan, Thomas Morrison, George W. Perkins,
Henry Phipps, Henry H. Rogers; (term expires I9o8:)
George F. Baker, William E. Corey, John F. Dryden,
Clement A. Griscom, Marvin Hughitt, Daniel G. Reid,
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Nathaniel Thayer; (term expires I909:) William Edenborn, Henry C. Frick, William  H. Moore, Norman B. Ream, James H. Reed,
Charles Steele, Peter A. B. Widener, Robert Winsor.
Finance Committee: Elbert H. Gary, Chairman;
George F. Baker, William E. Corey, Henry C. Frick,
George W. Perkins, Henry Phipps, Norman B. Ream,
Henry H. Rogers, Peter A. B. Widener.
General Officers: Elbert
H. Gary, Chairman; William  E. Corey, President;
James Gayley, First VicePresident; William B. Dickson, Second Vice-President;
Francis Lynde Stetson, General Counsel; Richard Trimble, Secretary and Treasurer; William  J. Filbert,
Comptroller; J. P. Morgan
 Co., Fiscal Agents.
Stock Transfer Department: 71 Broadway, New
York  City;  51  Newark
Street, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Registrars of stock: For
preferred stock, The New
York Trust Company, New
York City. For commlnon
stock, Guaranty Trust Company, New York City.
The company's general
offices are located at No. 5I
Newark St., Hoboken, N. J.
VULCAN CRUCIBLE STEEL COMPANY-The
Vulcan Crucible Steel Company manufactures tool steel
used for all kinds of machine-shop tools, such as lathe,
planer, taps, files, shear knives, drills, punches, chisels,
etc.  The number of employees are I50; the general
office and works are situated at Aliquippa, Pa., with
branch offices and warehouses at I 02 Purchase Street,
Boston, Mass., and at 45 South Clinton Street, Chicago, Ill.
The company is a corporation of which John Caldwell is president; Samuel G. Stafford, vice-president;
W. A. Campbell, secretary and treasurer; W. A. Shaw
and George H. B. Martin are directors of the company.
The company was established, August 28, I9OI, and
is capitalized at $500,000.
ELBERT H. GARYdevelopment. The population of the county seat is about
12,000.
Armstrong County, with its advantages of river and
rail, has become one of the foremost of western Pennsylvania counties in every respect. It has benefited largely by Allegheny County enterprise and capital, but its
own inherent capacities tell the story most effectively and
accurately.  Its river front offers large inducements to
manufacturers, and they have utilized them.  Kittanning,
Apollo, Leechburg, Ford City, and many other towns
testify to the vigor of the work that has been done.
Large mills and factories have gone up in all of them,
and the annual commercial and population growth in each
of them is notable.
Kittanning, the county seat, has not far from 5,000
people; Leechburg has nearly 3,ooo00; Apollo has more
than 3,000, and Ford City has well toward 3,500 people.
The banks, mercantile establishments and commercial en--
terprises generally are strong and progressive. (Glass,
iron, pottery, and other wares are the principal products.
Lawrence County has long been one of the all-around
substantial counties of the State.  It always has enjoyed
this distinction in virtue of its geographical relations and
advantages.  In the days of the old canal it had unusual
facilities that the colinng of the railways augmented and
appreciated.  It is midway between the lake and the
river, and is on the pathway between.  It must be reckoned with always in the problem of railway construction
in any lake or river enterprise. The B.  O., the New
York Central, the Pennsylvania, the Erie, the Buffalo,
Rochester  Pittsburgh, and other roads are all within
her limits, and others are trying to get there as fast
as possible.  The proposed canal will cut the county in
two and double its resources. New Castle, the county
seat, is also the principal railroad and imanufacturing
center.  It has a population of 35,000 people.  It has
72 separate establishments, with a capital of $I8,508,474.
These employ about 6,ooo persons, who receive annually
in wages $3,603,oSo. The cost of the material used was
$2I,529,945.  The value of the production was $29,433,625. The miscellaneous expenses were $I,529,297. The
city of New Castle is one of the most vigorous and pushing in the State. Its municipal enterprise is proverbial.
It is quite cosmopolitan in the scope of its scheme of expansion. It is high up in its educational and religious
mneasures, its school houses and churches being among
the best in the commonwealth.  There are many other
smlaller towns in Lawrence County that are important in
a manufacturing way. None of them  are large, but
they are many and strong.
Beaver County is, and has been, very advanced, both
in manufacturing and agricultural instances. The railroad
facilities have always been abundant, enabling manufacturers to receive raw nmaterials, manufacture them aind
ship them rapidly and readily. The Beaver and Ohio
River valleys have been the natural location of all or
nearly all of these industries, but a few of them have
found advantageous sites in other localities. Beaver
Falls has the Pennsylvania and the Lake Erie roads as
shipping facilities, and in consequence has 42 establishments with a capital of $6,518, I28. These employ about
2,500 men and boys, paying them annually about $I,223,I39. The miscellaneous expenses are $593,358. The
cost of the material used is $2,24I,513.  The value of
the production is $4,907,536. Population, Io,ooo.
New Brighton, across the Beaver River, is another
manufacturing town of large resources. It has a population of 7,000. It has for years been one of the important Beaver Valley cities. Its manufacturing facilities are
nearly the same as those of its neighbor, and its products
largely the same.
Ambridge, the seat of the great American Bridge
CAMPUS OF WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE, WASHINGTON, PA.I88  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
The Vulcan tool steel is made in the following grades:
Vulcan "Special" is especially recommended for the most
expensive tools, or wherever the requirements are excessive, as for milling cutters, lathe and planer tools, dies
and punches. Vulcan "Extra" for the purposes requiring steel of extra strength and toughness, such as lathe
tools, milling cutters, twist drills, taps, reamers, punches,
button sets, dies, shear blades, etc.
Vulcan "Superior" is a standard quality for general
tool purposes, such as chisels, cutters, chop tools, rock
drills, for hard quarry work and many other uses of
various kinds.
Vulcan "Fort Pitt" is a steel made especially for all
ordinary classes of work, uniform and carefully manufactured.
Vulcan "Extra Drill" possesses a combination of
hardness and toughness made exclusively for miner's
drills, for both machine and hand work in octagon,
grooved and rounds.
Vulcan "High Speed" steel is a grade that is revolutionizing machine-shop operations. It permits of running machines at highest possible speed consistent with
economy. The machine's capacity is five times greater
than with the use of carbon steels. With this increase
in output and the tremendous saving in machinists' time,
any one can see what an economical proposition it is to
use high-speed steel. It is said that it has all the good
points of the other brands, but none of the bad ones. It
is absolutely uniform, insuring the same results from
every bar, and it has the greatest strength and cutting
power. In addition to these commendable features no
especial treatment is required to work it for the best
results. This is a peculiarity that in itself is of very high
merit.
Automobile steel is a high-grade cast steel, especially
manufactured for automobile springs, bit and jar steel
for oil, gas and artesian wells; smelter bar is a good
tough steel which will give the best results f or this purpose, and vulcan pick steel is tough, strong and easily
wielded.
Besides these special grades is a long list of miscellaneous steels, such as steel, auger bit steel, cutlery, die
block, cotton spindle, etc.
The Vulcan Crucible Steel Company's success is attributed to the exceptionally high grade of steel it manufactures, the extreme care in the selection of raw materials, and the employment of the most skilled workmen. The greatest possible care is taken in selecting for
each individual order the steel best adapted as to grad
and temper for the work intended. The company is
always able to satisfy the most severe requiriements of
the company's vast trade.
Of the directors, Mr. John Caldwell, president, is
treasurer of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company; Mr.
W. A. Shaw is president of the Bank of Pittsburgh,
N. A., and Mr. Samuel G. Stafford, vice-president, was
formerly a member of the firm of Wuth  Stafford,
chemists.
THE ZUG IRON  STEEL CO.-In 1845 the firm
of Graff, Lindsay  Co., of which Christopher Zug was
a partner, purchased the Lippincott Iron Works and
changed the name to the "Sable Iron, Works." About
I854 the firm became Zug, Lindsay  Co. A year later
was acquired the Pittsburgh Iron Works from Lorenz
Stirling  Co., with which firm Jacob Painter was associated. In 1856 the business was reorganized, and both
plants were operated by Zug and Painter. At this time
Mr. Zug admitted his son Charles H. as a partner, and
for twenty years the business was carried on by Zug 
Co. At the expiration of the partnership in 1905, under
the laws of Pennsylvania, with an authorized capitalization of $I,ooo,ooo was incorporated the Zug Iron 
Steel Co.
The officers of the company are Charles H. Zug
President; Charles G. Zug, Vice-President; Charles H.
Reid, Treasurer, and A. M. Brown, Secretary, all of
whom stand very high in both the business and the social
world.
The principal products of the company are high-grade
forging bar iron for locomotive and machine shops, staybolt, engine stud bolt and special chain iron and steel
and iron sheets, black and galvanized.
In producing iron for special work where steel and
common iron fail to satisfy, the Zug Iron  Steel Co.
has an unsurpassed reputation.  The excellence of its
special iron is recognized throughout the country.
At the plant at Thirteenth and Etna Streets, Pittsburgh, over 700 men are employed.
SHEET AND TIN PLATE
FROM THE THICKEST ARMOR PLATE DOWN TO TINFOIL IS A
WIDE RANGE
The sheets and plates turned out of the mills of Pittsburgh are put to manifold uses. From the thickest armorplate for the world's greatest battleship to the tinfoil
around a cheap cigar is a wide range, within the scope
of which are innumerable variations. The extraordinary
growth of the tin-plate industry is probably the most
striking. In I89I our importations of tin plate exceeded
I,036,ooo,ooo pounds, and our production for the year
was reported at about one-fifth of that amount. Fifteen
years later our imports were slightly more than I 20,000,ooo pounds, while domestic production had increased to
more than a billion pounds. The official figures for I 907
are not at present available. but it is estimated that American mills produced I,56o,ooo tons of plates for tinning,
roofing sheets and black plates of an estimated value of
more than $48,ooo,ooo. The output of various forms
of rolled iron and steel other than tin plates averages
350,000 tons a year. Pennsylvania produces 56 per cent.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I89
of the total production, and of this amount 43 per cent.
is credited to the mills of the Pittsburgh district.
This department of the iron and steel industry is
rapidly encroaching upon the field formerly occupied exclusively by wood. In the heavier forms the most important change has been in the manufacture of railroad
cars, the success of the various types of freight cars
leading to the construction of passenger coaches. In the
lighter and more artistic forms, however, much progress
is being made.  Every modern counting room is now
equipped with metal filing-cases, and every modern business office now has its steel roll-top desk, which to the
average observer cannot be distinguished from the most
highly polished mahogany. Art metal ceilings, once a
novelty, are now common, and in dwelling houses the fire
hazard has been reduced by the substitution of steel for
the old wooden lathing. So rapidly are new uses being
found for the products of our sheet and plate mills, and
so numerous have been the recent substitutions of steel
and iron f or wood and stone, that it would be a rash
prophet who would attempt to fix a limit to future developments in this direction. The present demand seems
but the beginning of an illimitable future.
THE AMERICAN SHEET  TIN PLATE CO.Changed conditions show how thoroughly time disproves
fallacious arguments. Less than twenty years ago, confidently, vehemently, with bitter reiteration, in the halls
of Congress, on the stump and in the columns of newspapers opposed to a protective tariff the establishment
of an American tin-plate industry of any importance was
declared to be ridiculous, undesirable and impossible.
Yet to-day a full regiment added to the strength of the
entire standing army of the United States before the
Spanish-American War only approximates the number
of employees in the pay of the American Sheet  Tin
Plate Co. Where formerly the tin-plate production of
the country was a negligible quantity, the output of one
company now amounts to more than 14,000,000 boxes
a year. The experience of past years demonstrates that
no country makes better tin plate than the United States.
Also, the American consumer now gets the very best, a
home product, for about half what was paid for an
article of like quality when the tin plate used in America
was made in foreign countries.
So early as I870 several men were of the opinion
that tin plate might be manufactured advantageously in
this country. Of these Will iam C. Cronemeyer, of McKeesport, took the first step.  He brought about the
organization of the United States Iron  Tin Plate
Manufacturing Co. In I873 Cronemeyer and his associates established a rolling and tin-plate mill in Demmler.
A little later another tin-plate plant was erected in Leechburg. The result was that these factories proved conclusively that tin plate of a quality equal to, if not better than the Welsh i mportation, could be produced in
America. But the insignificant duty then collected on
tin plate gave European manufacturers who paid low
wages an unfair advantage in the American market.
Through the efforts put forth by tin-plate importers,
and due to the prejudice that existed during the freetrade agitation, blighted was the prosperity of United
States tin plants.
The enactment of the "McKinley Law" in I 892 soon
caused a change f or the better to occur. By the terms
of the " McKinley Act " the duty on terne plates
was practially doubled. Opportunities were equalized.
American tin-plate manufacturers thenceforth could, and
did, successfully meet all foreign competition.
After the "McKinley Act" went into effect, many
tin mills were built. Successful tin-plate factories were
located in various parts of the country. But the Pittsburgh district with its special advantages secured the
greater number, as well as the largest and most thrifty
of these establishments. When the merits of American
tin plate were properly appreciated, the small dipping
plants with their few tinning stacks rapidly expanded.
That they might make both the black plates and the finished product, enlarged companies installed, in addition
to their tin mills, black-plate rolling-plants. The demand for their output not only increased, but multiplied.
The business growth and prosperity of the country was
reflected in the tin-plate industry. Yet, from a commercial point of view, the situation was susceptible of considerable improvement.
Through the strategy of D. G. Reid, W. B. Leeds
and the Moore Brothers practically all of the tin-plate
companies in the country were united. In I900 by this
master stroke was created the American Tin Plate Company.  Shortly afterwards in the organization of the
American Sheet Steel Company were merged all the large
black-sheet plants in the United States.  For several
years the two corporations were separated. Each had
its own executives. In the Fall of I903, however, were
made apparent the advantages that would accrue if the
two were brought together under one management. In
the formation of the American Sheet  Tin Plate Co. in
January, I 904, was effected this tremendous and desirable consolidation.The various plants acquired by the American Sheet
 Tin Plate Co. in I904 were as follows:
Rolling Mills and Steel Works-Aetna Standard
Works, Bridgeport, Ohio; American Works, Ellwood,
Indiana; Anderson Works, Anderson, Indiana; Beaver
Works, Lisbon, Ohio; Cambridge Works, Cambridge,
Ohio; Canton Works, Canton, Ohio; Chester Works,
Chester, West Virginia; Crescent Works, Cleveland,
Ohio; Dennison Works, Dennison. Ohio; Dover Works,
Canal Dover, Ohio; Dresden Works, Dresden, Ohio;
Falcon Works (two), Niles, Ohio; Guernsey Works,
Guernsey, Ohio; Humbert Works, South Connellsville,
Pennsylvania; Hyde Park Works, Hyde Park, PennNATIONAL WORKS OF AMERICAN SHEET  TIN PLATE CO., MONESSEN, PA.
PLANT OF THE AMERICAN SHEET  TIN PLATE CO., VANDERGRIFT, PA.T H E   S T O IR Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G Ht  I9I
sylvania; Irondale Works, Middletown, Indiana; La
Belle Works, Wheeling, West Virginia; Laughlin Works,
Martins Ferry, Ohio; Leechburg Works, Leechburg,
Pennsylvania; Monongahela Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Midland Works, Muncie, Indiana; Morewood
Works, Gas City, Indiana; National Works, Monessen,
Pennsylvania; New Castle Works, New Castle, Pennsylvania; New Philadelphia Works, New Philadelphia,
Ohio; Pennsylvania Works, New Kensington, Pennsylvania; Piqua Works, Piqua, Ohio; Pittsburgh Works,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Saltsburg Works, Saltsburg,
Pennsylvania; Scottdale Works (two), Scottdale, Pennsylvania; Sharon Works (two), Sharon, Pennsylvania;
Shenango Works, New Castle, Pennsylvania; Star
Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Struthers Works,
Struthers, Ohio; United States Works (Demmler), McKeesport, Pennsylvania; Vandergrift Works, Vandergrift, Pennsylvania; Wellsville Works, Wellsville, Ohio;
Woods Works, McKeesport, Pennsylvania.
Tin Plate and Terne Plate Works-American Works,
Ellwood, Indiana; Anderson Works, Anderson, Indiana;
Beaver Works, Lisbon, Ohio; Chester Works, Chester,
West Virginia; Crescent Works, Cleveland, Ohio; Falcon Works, Niles, Ohio; Humbert Works, South Connellsville, Pennsylvania; La Belle Works, Wheeling,
West Virginia; Laughlin Works, Martins Ferry,
Ohio; Monongahela Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Morewood Works, Gas City, Indiana; National
Works, Monessen, Pennsylvania; New Castle Works,
New Castle, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Works, New
Kensington, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Works, New
Kensington, Pennsylvania; Sharon Works, Sharon,
Pennsylvania; Shenango Works, New Castle, Pennsylvania; Star Works, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; United
States Works (Demmler), McKeesport, Pennsylvania.
The above named plants, changed and rearranged so
that they might be operated to greater economic advantage, have been brought to a higher degree of efficiency
by the American Sheet  Tin Plate Co. With the modifications and improvements made, the company now controls and operates 36 plants in which are comprised 408
sheet and tin mills. Nineteen of the plants, 248 mills,
produce only bright and terne plates and tin mill specialties.
Of the tin-plate division of the company's production some of the more important segregations are:
"MF Ternes," U. S. Eagle Roofing Tin," "America
Old Style," "American Numethod," "American Charcoal and Coke Bright Tins," "tin dairy stock," "stamping and taggers' tin" and "continuous roll roofing."
Prominent among its sheet-steel  products  are:
"Apollo Best Bloom Galvanized Sheets" and "Charcoal
Hammered Bloom Galvanized Sheets"; included in the
black sheets which the company manufactures are:
"American Bessemer," "American Open-Hearth," "U.
S. Electrical," "American Armature," "W. Dewees
Wood's  Cleaned  Refined Smooth  Finish," "Morton
Polished Steel," "W. Dewees Wood Company's Refined
Planished Iron," "Wellsville Polished," "corrugated and
crimped sheets" and "formed steel roofing and siding."
To sufficiently comprehend the quantity and variety
of the company's output is beyond one unacquainted
with the present proportions of steel-sheet and tin-plate
manufacturing. Yet tested to the utmost is the company that maintains a working force of over 26,ooo men,
a corporation that has an authorized capitalization of
$52,ooo,ooo, an enterprise endowed with the strength
and activity of 36 great aggregations of industry. Because its output can be utilized profitably in so many
ways, because the reputation as to quality of its product
has been so well kept up, the company, with all its immense capacity, must exert itself to supply what the
market demands.
In every phase of its manufacturing and incidental
operations, from the excavation of the ore to the last
inspection of its finished product, the work of the company is carried on according to the strictest specifications of modern progress.
The officers of the company are men who have been
identified prominently for years with the sheet and tinplate industry. A high position with this corporation
is no sinecure. Upon the occupants of the exalted places
is imposed not only very great responsibilities, but arduous duties. Not only are the officers chosen for their
experience, discernment and good judgment, but they
are specially picked out because of their ability to do a
lot of work, rapidly and well. Because of their proven
worth and not through financial favoritism they were
promoted to posts of authority. The present officers of
the American Sheet  Tin Plate Co. at Pittsburgh are:
C. W. Bray, President; E. W. Pargny, First Vice-President; S. A. Davis, Second Vice-President; C. W. Bennett, Assistant to President; H. B. Wheeler, Treasurer,
and H. L. Austin, Auditor.
The stock of the American Sheet  Tin Plate Co. is
owned by the United State s Steel Corporation.
THE McCLURE COMPANY One of the more
recently incorporated business concerns of Pittsburgh,
as well as one of the most enterprising and successful, is
that whose name heads this-paragraph. This company
was incorporated January 2 I, 1903, under the laws of
the State of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of manufacturing tin plates and dealing in tinners' and roofers' supplies. The business had been conducted as a co-partnership concern under a different title for some years prior
to the incorporation of the new company. The officers
of the latter are: Thos. G. McClure, president; George
H. Flinn, vice-president, and J. J. O'Connor, secretary
and treasurer. The board of directors consists of these
officials with the addition of P. J. McNulty and J. W.
Grier.The works of the McClure Company are located at
Washington, Washington -County, Pennsylvania, where
so many Pittsburgh plants have found desirable sites
since the discovery of natural gas in that section some
years ago, and which have transformed a quiet, rural
community into a busy industrial center. The company
employs 275 hands, many of whom are skilled workmen, and is incorporated with a capital of $600,000.
The product of the mills is sold exclusively in the United
States.
This company was originated in I892 by Thos. G.
McClure, J. J. O'Connor and H. E. Askin, who formed
a co-partnership under the title of McClure  Co. The
Tin Plate Works were purchased in I9oo, and until a
year ago the office and warehouse were located at Nos.
21I-213-215 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh.  The constantly increasing demand for the product of the mills
made it necessary to secure larger quarters, and about a
year ago the company moved to their present location,
Nos. I4 and I6 Fourth Avenue, and 29 and 3  Third
Avenue, which has been filled up with every requisite.
The McClure Comnpany manufactures all
grades of bright and
roofing t i n-making a
specialty of high-grade
roofing tin-and are the
sole American manufacturers of ro o f i ng tin
mnade from genuine cold
blast charcoal pig iron.
This product is sold tinder the brand "McClure's Genuine Charcoal Iron  Re-Dipped,"
and has found favor with the architects and the trade in
general, due to a great extent to the fact that the makers show their confidence in its wearing qualities by giving a written guarantee of fifteen years with every box
sold.
Thos. G. McClure, the president of the company, has
been engaged in the tin-plate business for the past thirtyfive years. He was a member of city council for about
ten years, and was elected county treasurer for the term
of I900 to I902.
John J. O'Connor, the secretary and treasurer, has
been actively engaged in the tin plate and metal business since I877.  The other members of the company
are well known in Pittsburgh.
THE PHILLIPS SHEET  TIN PLATE CO.In Clarksburg, West Virginia, the largest industry is
that of the Phillips Sheet  Tin Plate Co.
Established in April, I905, in less than three years
this well managed company has grown so rapidly, so
substantially that it has obtained national recognition.
The enterprise was originally capitalized at $250,000, but
despite the brief time that has elapsed, the present value
and volume of the business are outlined in the statement
that the annual sales of the company now amount to
more than $2,200,000.
The well-built works of the company are an exemplification of the latest and best American ways and
means of manufacturing tin plate and kindred products.
The plant at Clarksburg turns out, most advantageously,
not only the best quality of tin plate, but terne roofing,
enameling material, galvanizing stock and all grades of
uncoated plates.
In the past year the company produced over 600,000
boxes of tin plate, a quantity sufficient to make more
than 2,000,000,000 ordinary-sized cans. Of terne plate,
which is used almost entirely for roofing purposes, partly
in the manufacture of metal shingles, over Ioo,ooo
boxes a year are made by the Phillips Sheet  Tin Plate
Co. Its output of uncoated black plates and sheets for
metal ceilings, for enameling and for galvanizing purposes amounts to more than 5,000 tons annually.
The general offices
of the Phillips Sheet 
Tin Plate Co. are at the
works in Clarksburg, but
branches are maintained
in  Pittsburgh,  N ew
York, St. Louis, San
Francisco and Portland,
Oregon.
In the iron and steel
trade of the Pittsburgh
district but few men are
more favorably known
than E. W\. Mudge, the
present President of the company. His individclual holdings are extensive and important.  Moreover, he is the
Pittsburgh representative of great iron and steel, and
coal and coke interests.
W. H. Baldridge, the company's Vice-President, for
a number of years in Pittsburgh was of business prominence, but more recently he has made his home in New
York, where he has large interests.
E. T. Weir, the Secretary and General Manager,
who in fact has active charge of the company's affairs,
is by birth and by choice a Pittsburgher. Not only for
what he contributed at the time of its organization to the
company's future success, but also through the diligence,
zeal and intelligence he has displayed in the management, is the Phillips Sheet  Tin Plate Co. indebted to
E. T. Weir for some of its most potential prosperity.
D. M. Weir, the Treasurer, like his brother, the Secretary, is a Pittsburgher who has given substantial evidence of his especial ability to achieve successful results
in manufacturing.
The excellent showing made by the Phillips Sheet 
PLANT OF PHILLTIPS SHEET  TIN PLATE CO., CLARKSBURG, W. VA.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    193
Tin Plate Co. at least proves that the tariff has not destroyed competition, nor created conditions in whic h it
was impossible for independent manufacturers to succeed.
The most irreconcilable opponent of the policy of
affording protection to American industries could hardly
say that the growth of a business, such as has been established at Clarksburg, is detrimental to the people of
this country, nor is it susceptible of proof that through
the success of the Phillips Sheet  Tin Plate Co. and
similar enterprises the price of tin plate has been increased.
As one of the independent leaders of American tinplate production, its existence and growth are important,
not only to the Pittsburgh district, not only to West Virginia, but to the United States. Ably directed in the
future, as it has been in the past, the statistician and
chronicler of coming years will record its heightened
activity and increased success.
THE STANDARD TIN PLATE COMPANYOrganized by capitalists of Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania,
is an undertaking of considerably more than local importance. Incorporated in 1902, capitalized at $300,000,
the Standard Tin Plate Company has erected at East
Cannonsburg an adequate and up-to-date plant, equipped
with the latest achievements in electric cranes and other
labor-saving devices.  Favorably situated by reason of
its proximity to raw materials and cheap fuel, possessing ample transportation facilities, this independent tinplate plant is in a position with every requisite to do an
excellent business.
The output of the company consists of tin plate for
cans and the like, terne plates for roofing, and black
plates used in the manufacture of enameled ware and
stove pipe.
At the outset, as an "independent" company, it was
confronted with the possibilities of competition. Somewhat remote, perhaps, but ever in view, was the prospect that its endeavor to succeed might be an up-hill
proposition. But by carefully planning for the future,
by having a plant which could be operated at an economic advantage, believing that a "live and let live"
policy will prevail in the -end, the company has pushed
forward successfully. The demands for its products are
increasing sufficiently to supply its various departments
with such business as they can handle profitably, and the
future prospect is one of undoubted success and advancement. The Standard Tin Plate Company's untiring and
intelligent management has produced results that are
known everwhere to the trade, and the, record is bound
to be as ample as it is merited in every particular.
The officers of the Standard Tin Plate Company are
Joseph Underwood, President; W. H. Richards, General Manager; J. V. H. Cook, Treasurer, and Louis
Follet, Secretary.
CHAINS, NUTS, BOLTS, ETC.
WHEN THESE INDUSTRIES BOOM, TRADE IS KNOWN TO BE GOOD
IN GENERAL
Jay Gould's dictum, "The iron market is the barometer of general business," is even truer to-day-than when
it was first uttered a quarter of a century or more ago. A
single department of the industry that might, at first
sight, appear insignificant, will bear testimony to the
keenness of the observation of the "Little Wizard of
Wall Street." Take for instance the manufacture of
nuts, bolts, chains, etc., and by noting their supply and
demand you can determine almost to a nicety the degree
of prosperity of the transportation industry, which ranks
only second to that of agriculture. In Gould's day the
steel-frame sky-scraper and the steel car were practically
unknown. Now both are known the world over, and in
their construction an immense amount of nuts, bolts,
rivets, chains, etc., are required.
Pittsburgh led the world in these modern inventions,
and quite naturally the mills of the district furnish the
great bulk of the accessories which enter into their fabrication. The increase in production has been marvelous,
being estimated at no less than 300 per cent. since I900,
giving direct employment to between II,OOO and I2,000
workmen, and indirectly to half as many more.
To return to Gould's dictum: A canvass of the mills
producing nuts, bolts, fishplates, railroad spikes, and similar articles would permit of a very fair deduction as to
the condition of affairs among the railroads, present and
prospective. If the mills were busy, daily turning out
thousands of tons of these supplies, then the investigator
would know that the railroads were prosperous. If orders were small and tonnage light, then it would be all
the evidence necessary to prove that the transportation
interests were undergoing reaction and possibly running
into a period of depression. The same reasoning would
apply to the demand for railroad spikes and fishplates in
determining the extent of railroad building and extensions. During the past three years an average of more
than 5,ooo miles a year of new railroad extensions have
been made, calling for an immense amount of track material. One branch of the industry, however, laps over
upon another. The building of additional mileage necessarily involves new bridges, and the construction of these
calls for bolts, rivets and nuts. The aim of all new construction is to make it an improvement on the old, which
in turn requires that the old must ultimately be brought
up to the same degree of efficiency as the new. Thus
the circle of effect is constantly enlarging. What has
been said of railroad developments will also apply in some
degree to general building operations. The steel-frame
sky-scraper added immensely to the consumption of bolts,
nuts and rivets, which called into being the pneumatic
riveter, thus contributing to the factor of economy in
time and labor. Then the sky-scraper necessitated elevators, and elevator construction called for more supplies
of the little accessories of fabrication, and added immensely to the demand for chains and wire cables.
The leading position occupied by Pittsburgh in the
iron and steel industry was not long in attracting the
attention of consulmers in all parts of the world, and as a
consequence large exports of bridge material, and the
bolts, nuts, rivets, etc., reqluiired in their construction are
now 1ade from this district to Soutlh Africa and the
Orient, Japan having become a large customer of our
mills and factories since the close of the Russo-Japanese
war.
THE GARLAND CORPORATION -The Garland Corporation was chartered late in I9o06, and controls the Garland Nut  Rivet Co., Safety-Armorite
Conduit Company, Woodhouse, Bopp  Co., and West
Pittsburgh Realty Company. The officers are John W.
Garland, President; Henry L. Collins, Vice-President;
Robert Garland, Treasurer; Charles A. Glaser, Assistant Treasurer; F. C. Hodkinson, Secretary; Charles
Garland, Assistant Secretary; and the Directors are
John WV. Garland, Robert Garland, John B. Jackson, F.
C. Hodkinson, Jason R. Atwell, H. L. Collins, C. A.
Glaser, WV. M. Hall, Charles Garland, T. H. Bopp and
Geo. H. B. Martin.  The capital stock of the corporation is three million dollars.  The main offices of
the corporation and of the subsidiary companies are
in the Bailey-Farrell Building, Pittsburglh, while the factories and works offices are at WVest Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The Garland Corporation was formed for the purpose of unifying or uniting the several different interests
controlled by the Garlands and their associates at West
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and in this manner to secure
the co-operation and  assistance of all the interests
towards the betterment and development of the community at West Pittsburgh.
The Garland Nut  Rivet Co. is the successor of
the Garland Chain Company, a co-partnership formed
in I89o for the manufacture of chain; the factory being
then located at Rankin Station, Pennsylvania, on the
Monongahlela River, a few miles from  the Pittsburgh
city line.  In I90oo the Standard Chain Company was
formed to take over the interests of a number of chain
manufactories, including the chain business of this company, exceptingo the pump chain department. The Garland Chain Company thereafter purchased the rivet
department of the Amnerican Steel  Wire Company
(located at Cleveland) and formed the Garland Nut
 Rivet Co., to manufacture nuts, rivets, bolts and pump
chain.
The business soon grew to such an extent that it became necessary to purchase adjoining real estate or secure another location.  Finding it inpossible to purchase additional ground at Rankin, the officers of the
Company made a thorough investigation of available
manufacturing g sites with proper railroad connections in
western Pennsylvania, western New  York, Ohio, Indiana, and West Virginia, and after devoting much time
to a complete consideration of the subject, the Garlands
decided to purchase a tract of about 700 acres located
at West Pittsburgh (then known as Moravia), in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, where they believed the
facilities for economical manufacturing were unequalled
by any other location brought to their attention.
In the meantime, in I897, the Garlands, with others,
had engaged in the business of manufacturing iron,
armored conduits for electric wires, at Rankin Station,
forming the Safety Conduit Company, the product being
known as "Loricated" conduit, prepared under a secret
process.  The name of the company was changed in
I899 to the Safety-Armorite Conduit Company, upon
purchasing the control of the Armorite Interior Conduit
Company (another Pittsburgh corporation) then owned
by Messrs. W. B. Rhodes and W. H. Latshaw. In addition to the "Loricated" iron-armored conduit the
company also produces "Galvaduct" conduit, which is
manufactured under a special and exclusive patented
process. When it became apparent that the available
PLANT OF THE GARLAND CORPORATION, WEST PITTSBURGI-1, PA.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B.U R G H    I95
gimlet point coach and cone point lag screws; washers;
foundation bolts, bridge and structural rods of all kinds;
rivets, turn buckles, etc. It employs 250 men, and its
works occupy a floor space of about 70,000 square feet.
The offices and warehouses are at I3I7-I3I9 West Carson Street, Pittsburgh; the works are on Neville Island.
Its branch office in Chicago handles all its large and
growing western trade.
The company enjoys an important foreign trade besides its vast domestic business, principally with railroads, car-builders, jobbers and consumers generally,
which trade has been secured and maintained through the
many years of the firm's existence by its policy of high
quality and f air dealing. It aims to produce the best
material possible.
The Graham Nut Company came into existence in
I874, a partnership having been formed between William Charles and Geo. C. McMurty under the name
Charles  McMurty. In I88I this partnership was dissolved, the business being continued by Mr. Charles under the name of Wm. Charles  Co. The same year
Albert Graham entered its employ, and during the last
four years of William Charles' life was the active manager. After the death of William Charles in I893 his
brother John Charles and Albert Graham formed partnership with the name John Charles  Co. In I 895
Mr. Graham became sole owner, and in I 902 the present
company was established by his taking into the firm his
two sons, Harry C. Graham and Charles J. Graham,
both of whom were then employees of the firm. The
company secured a charter in I903 and was incorporated
with a capital stock of $I50,000 under its present name,
the Graham Nut Conpany, with Albert Graham, president; Harry C. Graham, vice-presidlent and treasurer;
Charles J. Graham, secretary.
Owing to a large increase in business, an addition
to the plant was decided upon December I, I906, and
the capital stock was increased to $350,000.  Charles
W. Gray and J. M. Stetter became associated with the
company and were added to the board of directors, Mr.
Gray being elected assistant secretary, and Mr. Stetter
general superintendent. The company since its organization has been remarkable for its progressive and skilful
management. From the beginning of its organization it
has vigorously and continuously grown and has gradually
increased its lines until now it covers the bolt and nut
field thoroughly.
The plant was located in I874 on Sixteenth Street.
In I888  it was  moved  to  First Ward, Allegheny.
Twelve acres on Neville Islandwere qBq in I 904,
and a portion of the present plant was built. A large
addition was constructed and put into operation in July,
I907, the present floor space occupied covering between,65,ooo and 70,000 square f eet. It thus shows its confidence in Pittsburgh's pre-eminence as the greatest iron
and steel manuf acturing center in generations to come.
land at Rankin was too limited f or the necessary extensions of the plant to keep pace with its orders, it was decided to join with the other Garland interests and locate
at some point well adapted for manufacturing purposes.
In the Fall of I9OI the tract of land above mentioned
was purchased, and the West Pittsburgh Realty Company was formed to lay out and develop a model industrial town, both for manufacturing and home purposes.
The property reserved for manuf acturing is ideally situlated, being bounded on one side by the railroad trunk
lines, and on the other by the Beaver River; the ground
is level and well above high-flood stage, as was shown
by the record-breaking flood of the Spring of I9o7;
there is abundance of good water for factory consumption, and each plant has access to the Beaver River for
drainage and sewerage. As a shipping point West Pittsburgh is not excelled by any location in Western Pennsylvania.
The section being developed for home sites is peculiarly well suited for such purposes. It is separated from
the factories by the railroads, and while easy of access,
it is so removed that it is free from smoke, dirt and
noise. The streets are graded, paved, curbed and sewered; the houses and streets are lighted by electricity; a
water works and reservoir are installed, providing pure
water for domestic consumption; and, in all, the town
is one possessing all the natural advantages for health
and comfort in the home life.
In I903 the West Pittsburgh Silk Manufacturing
Company was organized, and shortly thereafter a consolidation was e ffected with Woodhouse, Bopp  Co.
(a New York corporation), which company had for
several years operated a silk mill in New York City. A
mill was erected at West Pittsburgh and was so successful that the company decided to build a larger plant
at that point having a capacity of four hundred looms,
and to dismantle the New York factory, moving its
equipment to West Pittsburgh, where the product was
being manufactured at less cost. This has now been
accomplished with very satisfactory results. The product of the company consists of dress goods of the better
qualities, and is being marketed by the leading dry-goods
establishments throughout the country.
A central power plant has been erected at West Pittsburgh, furnishing electric power to all of the factories
located at that point.
This industrial town has taken rapid strides within
the past few years, there being several manufacturing
plants at West Pittsburgh outside of those owned or
controlled by The Garland Corporation.
THE GRAHAM NUT COMPANY-The Graham
Nut Company is one of the largest and most thoroughly
equipped concerns of its kind in the world. It manufactures hot-pressed, cold-punched, semifinished and casehardened nuts; machine and carriage bolts; bolt ends;I96  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S 13 U R G H
NATIONAL BOLT  NUT CO. A recent addition to Pittsburgh's enterprising indlustrial concerns is
the National Bolt  Nut Co., which was established
March I8, I903. It is composed of a number of well
known business men whose names gave the concern high
commercial and financial standing.  It is a corporation
with $50,00o capital stock.
The officers of the corporation are John W. Hubbard, president; W. R. Kuhn, vice-president, and E. W.
Zinsmaster, secretary and treasurer. The board of directors is composed of these officers with the addition
of W. T. Easton and S. A. Rankin. The company enjoys a prosperous and growing business in the manufacture of nuts, bolts, washers, etc., at Sixty-second
Street and the Allegheny Valley Railroad, Butler Street
Station, where it has excellent shipping facilities. The
output of the works is, of course, all of a standard
character, for which there is always a demand even in
times of comparative industrial depression, but which has
enormously increased during a period of industrial prosperity such as has been so widely prevalent in recent
years.
The officials and directors of this company are entirely optimistic concerning present conditions, and are
confident that Pittsburgh's indttstrial supremacy will
continue. They have an extensive acquaintance among
business men, local and otherwise, and their business
nethocls have been stamped with approval. The members of this company are excellent examples of that
loyalty of local business men to the city's best interests,
which is saicl to be particularly noticeable in Pittsburgh.
NICHOLSON   CO.-This comapany was established as a partnership in I899 for the manufactuie of
chains and forgings.  The members of the firm  are
Thomas Nicholson, Jr., and Davicl K. Nicholson. Their
plant, known as the Pittsburgh Chain Works, is located
on- the Pennsylvania Railroad at Hawkins Station in
Rankin Borough, practically a part of Braddock, the
widely known industrial community. At this point the
company finds exceptional shipping facilities by both
water and rail, the latter being the extensive connections offereed by the P. R. R., the B.  O., and the P. 
L. E. lines.  While its trade is largely domestic, the
company does some foreign business, principally with
Canada. The plant gives employment to 200 men,
mostly skilled mechanics.
When established in I899, the firm of Nicholson 
Co. had two forges ready for the manufacture of chain.
Thiy W-nhw-twe       -  woks~- for,;=hez7 -anfa tU
chain besides a large forge plant for turining out both
chains and special forgings.
Among the prodlucts of this plant which have given
it a high reputation in the trade are tested chains of all
sizes 1nade by hand exclusively of the best grades refined and charcoal blooni, forgings of all descriptions
for general use, and special forgings for chain appliances. The trade has long since learned their value.
The Messrs. Nicholson express unbounded faith in
the futture of Pittsburgh.
PITTSBURGH  SCREW   BOLT CO.-The
Pittsburglh Screw  Bolt Co. was organized in I897,
and in the decade of its existence has taken high rank
among the industrial enterprises of a city of worldwide reputation for its varied productions in iron and
steel. As its na1ie i1iplies, this company is engaged in
the nianufacture of bolts, nuts and screws, standard
products for which there iiust always be a deniand even
in periods of tenmporary industrial depression.  These
products being so universally used, a company engaged
in their nianufacture can only accomplish anything out
of the ordinary by making its output consist of AI material and worknlanship. This the Pittsburgh Screw 
Bolt Co. always does. It has $300,000 capital, and from
350 to 400 skilled workmen. Its works are at Twentyfifth Street and Liberty Avenue.
The officers of the company are: John R. McGinley,
president; Thomas W. S-iith, vice-president and treasurer, and Williati G. Costin, vice-president and general managen
John R. McGinley, president, was born at Cresson
Springs, Pa., on September I4, I856.  He received a
common-school edtication at New Alexandria, Pa. After
gradduating at Dtiff's Comiiercial College in Pittsburgh
he was for four years secretary and business manager
of that institution.  He then organized the Carbon
Bronze Cotipany for the manufacture of special grades
of anti-friction metals, in which enterprise he was renarkably successful.  In I884 he joined Geor,e Westinglhouse in organizing the Philadelphia Natural Gas
Co-npany and was its vice-president until Igoo.
S. - SEVERANCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY-The S. Severance Manufacturing  Company
prodtuces spikes and rivets; the spikes, of all sizes, are
used for railroads, and the rivets, one-half inch in
diameter ancl larger, for boilers, structural work and
ships.
The colnpany is capitalized at $500,000, and has its
places of business at Glassport, a suburb of Pittsburgh
in Allegheny County; the First National Bank Building,
Chicago, and 139 Greenwich Street, New York. It has
250 employees.
The products-of the compaiiy a-re- m-ostly tak-en-lby
United States conssumers, but they are also exported to
Cuba, Mexico, Soqttl Amperica, Canacla, Japan and other
countries.
For niany years iron rivets were used exclusively.
L. Severance invented the first rivet--naking machine in
the United States, and S. Severance introduced the steel
boiler rivet. At present the "S. S." rivet is specified inT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    r97
preference to any ironi rivet and is used by all manufacturers of high-class boilers.
The business was established by L. Severance in
I828 and carried on by him until his death in I854, when
his son, S. Severance, succeeded him. S. Severance continued the business until his death in Igoo, when the
business was carried on by his heirs as a co-partnership
under the management of his sons: S. Severance and
F. W. Severance, the name S. Severance being continued in his memory, as it has been since the corporation.
In I 902 the present corporation was formed, and its
business has grown enormously.
THE STANDARD CHAIN COMPANY The
Standard Chain Company is an imninense concern, employing I,300 men and operating eight plants and a rolling mill. It has nineteen agents scattered throughout the
United States in every State and territory. The export
tracle has recently grown to such proportions that it has
been fotind necessary to build a plant in Canada for the
manufacture of chain to supply its large and growing
trade in that country. It also has agencies in Mexico.
Its works are located at Braddock, York, Carlisle in
Pennsylvania; St. Mary's and Colutibus in Ohio, and
at Marion in Indiana.  Its large rolling mill is in Colutibus, Ohio.
As the name, Standard Chain Company, implies, the
product of this firm  is chain-high-grade chain for
steam shovels, cranes or any work where life and limb
are to be protected; coil chain, agricultural chain, harness chain, rafting chains anc attachments, steel leading chains, and wagon chains.  These products are fa1nous for their utitost reliability and excellence- hence
their widespread use.
The company was organizec in Igoo by the consolidation of the large chain interests in Braddock, Cleveland, Colu-mbus, York, Harrisburgh, Marion, St. Mary's
ancl J'effersonville. It has a capital stock of $Soo,ooo,
and its net income for the year endling Decemnber, I906,
was $94,990.
The officers are: John C. Schmnidt, president; IRobert Garlancl, vice-president; Arthlur E. Crockett, general
nalaliger and secretary; WTilliamn Robertson, treasurer.
Its list of directors includes John C. Schniidt,  Robert
Garland, Charles A. Painter, Peter Wertz, N. B. Marple,
A. E. Crockett, James Hay, F. M. Davis, G. H. Schmidt.
WIRE AND WIRE NAILS
AN INDUSTRY THAT HAS LARGELY HELPED TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM OF FOREST PRESERVATION
The cleveloplnent of no department of the iron trade
lhas done more toward revolutionizing affairs on the
farm, in the city, and even on the battlefield, than the
production of wire ancl wire nails. In the matter of wire
fencing alone, the industry has done more to solve the
problemn of forest preservation than anything else. The
old stake-anc-rider fence is now  a curiosity, and vast
tracts of pasture lancs on two continents are now inclosed
by wire fencing, which, but for this invention and its
utilization, would be without recognized bounclary lines.
The fencing-in of hulndreds of thousands of railroad
right-of-way, affording protection for the livestock of
the farmer and probably averting thereby interminable
litigation and disptite, was macle possible by the industry,
and therefore it may be said to have an ethical as well as
material side.  Then the millions of miles of telegraph
and telephone wires were also made possible, and wheii
one comes to think of it this indtustry plays a most important part in the commercial ancl social relations of
mnankind.  The economy in the use and production of
wire nails has reached a stage where an expert mnathenatician has calculated an actual loss if a workmian
shoulld take the time to stoop to pick a nail that he has
dropped.
Pittsburgh was the pioneer in this field, and it maintains its supremacy. Of the total prodtuction of wire and
wire nails in the United States, 75 per cent. is produced
in the plants of corporations and firms whose main offices
are located in Pittsburgh. These plants furnish employmient for 1iore than 7,000 workmen, and four of the mills
in this city in 1907 turned Out 300,000 tons of wire, and;
I20,000 tons of nails. Large shipments are macle from
domestic mills to Japan and South Africa.
THE C. C.  E. P. TOWNSEND CO.-Dating
froMi near the first of the last century, yet entirely up
to date-old, but the present embodiment of every modern imnprovellient-possessing great historical interest,
but illustrating to best advantage the achievements of toclay-celebrated because it was associated with so many
events of importance in the past, yet at least equally noted
for'what it is cloing now-the Townsend enterprise
evokes appreciation from various points of view.
It is a plant of long life and vigorous growth.  A
pioneer institution of the iron and steel industry of the
Pittsbur-gh district-one of the oldest organizations West
of the Alleghenies-an establishment long and justly
famous for the manufacture of wire, rivets ancl wire
nails  is tlie important concern situated on the west side
of Beaver River in the town of Fallston, and owned
and operated by the C. C.  E. P. Townsendl Co.
The history of this company properly begins with
Robert Townsend, who was born in Washington County,
Pennsylvania, in I790. When a young man he, as they
said in those days, "set out to seek his fortune" in Baltii ore.   There, whTile associated with Hugh Balclerson,
he obtained his first experience in the wire business. In
i8i6 he came to Pittsburgh and went into business for
hinmself. His shop was located on Market Street, between First and Second.  Soon after the shop was
opened, Robert Townsend  and his cousin Rees C.Company's works, is a new city, built on the farm occupied so many years by the famous society known as the
Economites. It was this society that made Beaver Falls
what it is, and it has been thought that, had it been perpetuated, its members would themselves have developed
their own loved property. Be that as it may, it was left
to the enterprise of the stranger to do this work, and, to
his credit be it said, he has done it well. The buildings
of the bridge company have gone up on the bluffs above
the Ohio River, and all are of the largest and most convenient type of modern construction. No census of this
new city has been taken, as it literally came up in a night.
It is claimed that it has not far from I6,ooo population.
It has been well laid out and promises soon to be the
metropolis of Beaver County. No municipal or manufacturing statistics have thus far been assembled for
accurate publication.  These will appear in the next
census report, two years hence.
Aliquippa, the new city projected by the Jones and
Laughlin Company of Pittsburgh, is the newest candidate
in Beaver County for manufacturing and municipal
honors. This company has purchased more than twelve
hundred acres on the south bank of the Ohio River, 23
miles west of Pittsburgh, and upon these acres it is intended to erect modern manufactories and a modern city.
Work has begun upon both sides of this scheme, and
Beaver County's map will soon have another strong city
upon its face.
Rochester is one of the older and more conservative
of the many Beaver County cities. It has a population
of over 5,ooo, and it is full of factories, large and small.
The Rochester Tumbler Works and other glass factories
in this city and its suburbs long ago distinguished Rochester as a glass-producing center.  Its population has been
a stable and enterprising one, and the city is up to date.
Beaver, the county town, is one of the most beautiful
little cities in Pennsylvania.  It is in the junction of the
Ohio and Beaver rivers.  Its schools and colleges are of
the best, and in the item of private residences it has no
competitor in western Pennsylvania. Its population is
small, not exceeding 3,500 people, but its residents are
descencldants of those who founded the little city so many
years ago, and were content with it and its surroundings.
Many other towns by their vigor and enterprise combine
to make Beaver County wealfhy, and many other towns
will soon make this county's population double its present number.
Monaca is a strenuous little glass town opposite
Beaver on the south side of the Ohio River. It has
various other establishments, all of them of large importance, and the combined list of employees makes quite a
local population. The freeing of all of the bridges in
Beaver County several years ago gave an impetus to all
of the river towns that was worth much to the manufacturing and agricultural interests of the county. It was
a far-seeing ancld judicious measure with immediate beneficial results.  It would be just as beneficial in the
instances of other counties in the state of Pennsylvania
to rid their streams of toll bridges and toll roads.
Koppel is an American offspring of German enterprise. This coming town lies on the west bank of the
Beaver River, 35 miles from Pittsburgh, in the junction
of the intersection of the Fort Wayne and Lake Erie
railroads.  The Arthur Koppel Company is the largest
manufacturer of portable and industrial railways in the
world.  It has plants in all parts of the world.  It is
attracted to this county in preference to all other parts of
the Union by reason of fuel and railway facilities not at
hand elsewhere.  It has taken up an immense tract of
land in order to indluce other plants to locate with it. The
A TYPICAL COKE SCENE IN SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIATownsend, with John D. Baird, entered into partnership. The name of the firm thus formed was Townsend,
Baird  Co. After a few years Baird retired, and William P. Townsend, Robert Townsend's eldest son, became a member of the firm, the style of which was
changed to R. Townsend  Co.  Rees C. Townsend
died in I85, and Robert Townsend retired from the
firm in I864, the business being continued by William
P. Townsend under the designation of W. P. Townsend
 Co. At the close of the Civil War, Charles C. and
Edward P., the two sons of William P. Townsend, were
by their father admitted to partnership. In I894 William P. Townsend withdrew from active participation
in the business, which was henceforth carried on by his
sons, C. C. and E. P. Townsend. In I905 the business
was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania as the
C. C. and E. P. Townsend Co., with a capital of
$750,000.
For 64 years the offices and warehouses of the company were located on Market Street, between First and
Second, but in  88o for the sake of convenience they
were moved to
Fallston.
Townsend's was
the first rivet and
wire mill established
on the sunset side
of the Alleghenies.
More than that, the
Townsends w e r e
among the first to
demonstrate to what
great a d v a n t age
wire could be used
in engineering construction. One of the world's greatest
constructing engineers, John C. Roebling, years before
he became identified with the manufacture of wire, gladly
availed of the co-operation of the Townsends in a nu1mber of very important undertakings.  The Townsends
manufactured the cables for the incline over the mountains, a scheme used with success to facilitate rapid
transit before the Pennsylvania tunnels were pushed
through the Alleghenies. The cables for the old aqueduct across the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh, and the
cables for the Sixth Street Bridge, which was recently
torn down, were fabricated for Roebling by the Townsends.
To the early telegraph companies also the Townsend
works supplied large quantities of wire, the first used being a three-strand twisted wire.
The Townsend factories at Fallston at present cover
a space of five acres. The plant is known to be one of
the best equipped in the country. Over 200 skilled workmen are employed.  Townsend wire, rivets and wire
nails have a reputation second to none. The company's
principal market is, of colurse, in the United States, but
it exports a portion of its output to Canada, Great Britain, Mexico and South America.
The officers of the C. C.  E. P. Townsend Co. are:
Charles C. Townsend, President and Treasurer; Edward
P. Townsend, Vice-President and General Manager, and
Vincent S. Bradford, Secretary. On the Board of Directors of the company are:  Charles C. Townsend,
Edward P. Townsend, Robert J. Townsend, John M.
Townsend, Vincent S. Bradford and H. W. Wilde.
HORSESHOE NAILS
THE SUPERIORITY OF MACHINE-MADE NAILS OBLITERATES THE
"VILLAGE BLACKSMITH"
The author of the "Village Blacksmith" probably
never dreamed that the occupation of the smiithy under
the spreading chestnut tree was so soon to become a
mere recollection. Pittsburgh has done much to obliterate the poetic figure from the landscape, but there is compensation for the loss in the superior article of horseshoes and horseshoe nails turned out by machinery in
the factories of this
busy industrial center.  One of the
curious things connected   it with th i s
business is that the
development of the
trolley and the automobile,  w h i c h
ushered in the socalled horseless age,
has been accompanied by an absolute
increase in the number and value of horses and
mules, and therefore  an  increase in the  footwear
of these quadrupeds.  According to the Department
of Agriculture there were in the United States on
January I, I908, no less than I9,992,000 horses, and
3,869,ooo  mules, the largest totals ever reported by the
department. The estimated value of these animals was
more than two and a quarter billion dollars. These
figures are all that is necessary to account for the remarkable increase in the business of producing animal footwear. The superiority of the machine-made shoes and
nails was soon recognized by blacksmiths and owners of
horses, and Pittsburgh rapidly advanced to a leading
position in supplying the demand.  Shipments from
donestic mills furnish no inconsiderable tonnage in our
exports to foreign countries.
STANDARD HORSE NAIL COMPANY-The
present members of the Standard Horse Nail Company
are C. M. Merrick, president; E. D. Merrick, vice-president; Fred S. Merrick, secretary; E. H. Seiple, treasurer. The directors are C. M. Merrick, S. C. Merrick,
PLANT OF C. C.  E. P. TOWNSEND CO., FALLSTON, PA.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    I99
S. H. Seiple, C. M. Russell and E. E. Pierce, gentlemen
all favorably known in the business world.
The company manufactures hot-forged horse nails,
its factory being located at New Brighton, Pa. It has
both foreign and domestic trade; the foreign business,
unlike most American manufacturers, is done on the
absolute same price as it gets in the United States. The
company is capitalized at $720,000.
The business was established in I 872 as a private
partnership under the name of the Standard Horse Nail
Company. The partners were C. M. Merrick, Job Whysall and Samuel Farmer. After six months of experimenting with the invention of Samuel and Job Farmer,
Samuel Farmer sold his interest to the remaining partners, who continued experimenting with machinery to
make horse nails. E. E. Pierce purchased Job Whysall's
interest January I3, I88o, and Fred S. Merrick was admitted as partner January I, I88I.
The company was incorporated under the firm name
in I886 for fifty years with a capital of $6o,ooo. This
was increased to $I20,000 January 8, I89I, and to $720,ooo January I 2, I 893.
The business was started in a f actory on the Fallston
race, f ormerly used by Miner  Merrick for making
tubs, which f actory was destroyed by fire on the night
of February 6, I886. The present plant near the Pennsylvania depot in New Brighton, Pa., was started in
I886, and the otherbuildings, all one story, were added
until they now cover more area on the ground floor than
probably any two companies devoted exclusively to making horse nails in the United States.
By their process horse nail blanks are made hot from
a coil of wire, automatically fed through a furnace
heated by natural gas, and rolled on all four sides. The
blanks are tumbled in revolving barrels to remove the
scale left on the blanks by the hot forging. These blanks
are then fed one by one automatically into finishing machines, completing the finished nail ready to drive. They
are packed in five-pound paper cartons, and five of these
are put in a wooden box ready f or market.
It will be noted that the old hand-made process of
making nail blanks by hot f orging, and, subsequently, by
cold finishing and pointing, is used, and they claim to
make the best nail in the world, barring none. They
have more tensile strength than any horse nail made, as
shown by the testing machine. They claim, theref ore,
the best process in use in the manufacture of horse nails,
the most uniform in every requirement, such as size,
shape, finish, driving and holding qualities, together with
the greatest average tensile strength, besides being reasonable in price.
The Standard Horse Nail Company makes nothing
but horse nails, and therefore has no other product to
put on the market. It has strict ideas regarding the
marketing of the product and does not believe in resorting to any kind of tricks, prices, and unbusiness-like
methods to sell its goods.  Straightforwardness has always been the dominant factor in the company's dealings.
It claims it has to meet competition which follows
such devices as giving away from one to three boxes
with ten; issuing book of prizes, putting coupons in each
box, and claiming I,II2 varieties, selling on consignment, etc., etc.  It claims to have the same price to the
dealer and customer at every point in the United States
from ocean to ocean, and while it is slowly trying to
do business in this honest way, it believes in time its
policy will Win, as it has been conmmended by both dealers and by those who use its goods f or having a price
for the goods and not following some competitors who
have a price to fit each case.
The father of the Merricks came to this town in I836,
and was well acquainted with most of the older Pittsburghers, such as Yeager, Woodwell, Ricketson, Lang,
etc. Iron cars were made by Merrick  Co. in I 859.
The Standard Nail Company can be quoted as expressing the following opinions as regards the future of
Pittsburgh:
"While we are as yet not in Greater Pittsburgh, the
fact that our station on the P. F. W.  C. Railroad is
No. 37 and we are but 28 miles from Pittsburgh certainly indicates a continuous stretch of Greater Pittsburgh at least this f ar, if not some I5 miles f arther, to
the State line. We do not believe that you have a concern covered by your city that is more enthusiastic over
the future of Pittsburgh  than our company.  Everything pertaining to the manufacture of iron and steel
products is certainly to be found convenient to it, and
therefore at practically first cost.
"The industries of iron, steel, glass, coke, oil, gas, in
addition to the wonderful mills, are commanding the attention of the world, and we look for, if possible, greater
additions to the manufacturing part of Pittsburgh than
has been seen in the past.
"As for our own town of New Brighton we certainly
need a competitor for the Fort Wayne Railroad, and we
are enthusiastic all through this valley, not only for the
nine-foot stage of the river from Pittsburgh to Cairo,
but the canal from Lake Erie to Pittsburgh as well.
"If we lived in Pittsburgh we would certainly be
active boomers for the greatest city on earth, and being
in an adjoining county we do all we can in every way for
its advancement. Our own county of Beaver is gaining
on account of it by lately having the American bridge,
Jones : Laughlin, and other large industries, starting in
our midst, in addition to others projected and sure to
follow.
It is quite worthy of commendable comment, at this
time when the general community is more or less agitated
because of the statement that American-made goods are
sold so low in foreign countries, to find the Standard
Horse Nail Company maintaining the same scale of
prices at home as abroad.O F   P I T T S B U R GH
200
S T O R Y
A CURIOUS BUSINESS WHOSE FLUCTUATIONS ARE FELT AT  AN ACTIVE CLASS WHOSE ABILITIES ARE INDISPENSABLE TO
HOME AND ABROAD                                           THE STEEL CITY
Pittsburgh has eight prominent firms and about a         Pittsburgh's enormous tonnage of iron and steel in
score of dealers whose business is the purchase and sale   various forms employs a small army of sales agents and
of scrap iron. It is estimated that they handle $20,ooo,-  brokers in its distribution through the trade channels of
ooo worth of this material a year.  Under the general  the world. Leading industries have their general manheading of scrap iron or old material there are three   agers of sales and district managers, acting under direcclassifications.  "Railroad scrap" includes old rails, car  tion of the general office. Many corporations have estabaxles, etc.  "Industrial scrap" consists of the pieces of  lished agencies in the capitals of Europe.  There is yet
new  material which result from cutting to sizes and   another class of agents termed brokers.  They are the
lengths, like the scraps made by  a tailor from  dress   middlemen between the producer and  the consumer.
goods.  What is classed as "gathered-up scrap" is the   Brokers as a rule are specialists, and ore, pig iron, steel,
miscellaneous assortment of metals collected by junk  finished material, scrap and coke have their separate repdealers.  Curious fluctuations often occur in the scrap  resentatives. A large consumer enters the market, brokiron trade.  Sometimes conditions are favorable to an   ers in that specialty become bidders, and frequently a
export business, and Italy is one of the largest buyers  slight difference in freight charges, in routing the maof old material shipped from the United States. At other  terial from the shipping to the terminal point, decides
times a scarcity occurs in this country and we import  the award of the contract.
scrap iron from England, France and Germany. The
various important uses made of scrap iron in the manu-      REED  F. BLAIR    CO.-The firm of Reed F.
facture of new material is an illustration of a principle   Blair  Co., since its inception, has been identified closely,
in nature that nothing shall be lost.                    as sales agents of the Marshall Foundry Company, of
The ever increasing and multitudinous wants of man   which Mr. Blair is a director, with the ingot mold and
are so varied that he causes materials to change their  iron casting industry, which has grown and expanded
forms and be brought into play in devious ways; yet they   within the past ten years with the phenomenal increase
always exist and perform their functions in keeping with  in the iron and steel business of Pittsburgh and vicinity,
the irresistible laws of the universe.                   and the growth of the city itself.
This firm also, as general sales agents for the United
MAX  SOLOMON-One of the largest scrap iron   States, represents the Black Lake Chrome  Asbestos
and steel plants in the country is owned and operated   Co., and the Dominion Chrome Co. of Canada, in the
by Max Solomon, of Pittsburgh. To the Solomon scrap   distribution of chrome ores for the lining of basic openyards at Carnegie come iron and steel and second-hand   hearth steel furnaces.  The companies represented conmachinery from all parts of the United States. For the  trol and mine the richest fields of this valuable mineral
cutting-up of old iron into scrap, Max Solomon has  in the world, and the prospects for increasing trade are
installed a mighty steam hammer, and seven monstrous   most favorable.
pairs of she ars, appliances for scrapping unduplicated     The history of any concern identified with iron and
anywhere. In addition to the unexcelled facilities of his  steel must of necessity contemplate the subject of coke
plant, Max Solomon has ample financial resources; he is  in the production of which the Connellsville region of
in a position to buy at all times in any quantity that may   Pennsylvania has become world famous. Reed F. Blair
be offered, not only old iron and steel, but used machin-   Co. in addition to being general merchants along this
ery that for reasons sufficient is placed on the market at particular line represent directly the Brier Hill Coke
different times by various concerns.                     Company, one of the largest independent producers of
In the business since I877, Max Solomon is well  high-grade coke in the Connellsville district.
and favorably known.  In his office in the Park Build-          The blast furnace, foundry and steel interests of
ing are consummated almost every day business deals in   Pittsburgh have been large factors in the development
iron and steel that mount up annually into surprisingly  of limestone properties located within reasonable distance
large figures. Years ago, but still remembered as a big  of the city; the macadamizing of our highways, another
undertaking, Max Solomon bought and cut up the large   factor, and with both factors for the past ten years Reed
rolling mill of Craft, Bennett  Co. Often since then,  F. Blair  Co. have been closely allied, supplying to
-   ---
in addition to his ordinary business, he has successfully   users, through their connections, perhaps a greater tonhandled important and difficult contracts.  The size of  nage than any other individual company.
his business is to a certain extent gauged by the fact            The firm represents, directly, blast furnaces making
that in the yards and plant at Carnegie I25 men are con-  all grades of pig iron as well as all of the better known
stantly employed in carrying on the business.            alloys used in steel manufacture.  They also handle in
T H E
STEEL BROKERS AND AGENTS
SCRAP IRONT H  E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U  R G H    201
large quantities slag or Puzzolan cement in addition to     THE LEES-WILLIAMS COMPANY-The LeesPortland brands.                                         Williams Company was incorporated June I5, 1907. H.
It has been the purpose of the company from its  W. Williams is president, and George E. Lees, secretary
start to make for itself only such connections as were   and treasurer.  It deals in iron and steel, iron and steel
known to be thoroughly reliable and whose procucts  tubes, as made by the Shelby Steel Tube Company, mawere deemed to be the best of their kind.                chines and parts thereof, and specialties of manufacReed F. Blair, the senior member of the firm  of  turers; also Shelby cold-drawn trolley poles for cars, and
Reed F. Blair  Co., iron ane steel brokers of Pittsburgh,  Shelby car gongs of steel, a substitute for brass and
was born in Allegheny October I0, 1868, his father be-  bronze at a lower price.
ing a member of the firm of Boggs, Blair  Buhl, orig-           It is distributors for western Pennsylvania and northinal partners in the big Allegheny  dry-goods house.  ern Ohio, being in the chain of distributors for the Shelby
At seventeen he was the private secretary of T. M. Car-  Company, emqbracing  New  York, Boston, Cleveland,
negie, then chairman of Carnegie Brothers  Co., Ltd.  Cincinnati, Cqhicago and St. Louis.  It represents the
When nineteen years of age he held the responsible posi-   f ollowing  firqs:  Springfield  Gas Engine Company,
tion of assistant cashier of this company.  Afterward   Springfield, Ohio; Hisey-Wolf Machine Company, Cinhe was private secretary to William L. Abbott, chair-  cinnati, Ohio (portable electric drills and grinders); the
man of Carnegie, Phipps  Co., for five years.  When   St. Louis Machine Tool Company, St. Louis, Missouri.
the Carnegie Steel Company was organized, Mr. Blair         "Seamless steel tubes equal to those made by the
retired. Since then he has been engaged in the iron and  Shelby Steel Tube Company" was on a proposal sent
steel business as broker and dealer, and for some years  out by the Isthmian Canal Commission in I9o6.  They
hlis comlpany has looked after the sale of nearly all the   are made by machinery patented by the present officers
ingot molds in the United States in addition to their  of the comnpany, and are supplying requiremaents, previores, coke, limnestone and pig iron. His address is Frick   ously met laboriously, by machinery turning or boring
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.                                solid steel into tubular form, producing an endless number of sizes, shapes and thicknesses for mechanical,
IRON CITY  STEEL COMPANY-The Iron City  structural and miscellaneous uses; malleable, ductile and
Steel Company, which does a merchandise business in  tough for automobiles, etc.
iron and steel products, has met with great success since      The company's offices are in the House Building.
its organization in 1905. It is a corporation chartered
under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, and its        EDMUND W. MUDGE  CO.-So far as pertains
members have been for years identified with the iron. to the management of great enterprises, business in these
and steel business of Pittsburgh and vicinity.  The suc-  days is reduced, so nearly as can be, to scientific exactcess of the firm  is the fruit of the ambition and devo-  ness. There is a concentration of effort; an adroit distion to business exemplified by the component members  tribution of responsibility; in the last analysis, however,
of this company.                                         the amount of success obtained is largely determined by
The company is not a manufacturing concern, neither  the ability, discretion and opportunities of those to whom
is it engaged in the brokering or commission business.  the sales of the products are intrusted.  In the PittsIt is a jobbing and dealing house in the purchase and   burgh district, not only on account of the enormous exsale of rails, railroad equipment, billets, pig iron, spikes,  tent of the trade, but also because of the constant and
switches, locomotives, etc.,  which  commodities  are   great competition, the men who furnish facilities for
bought outright.  With its strict business ethics and   marketing iron and steel and coke and coal are the ablest
its aggressive system  of conduct, this firm bids fair to  lieutenants of the captains of industry.
appropriate a large proportion of the trade in its line          Prominent and extensive are the business connections
in the eastern section of the country as it has heretofore   of Edmund W. Mudge  Co.  Representing in Pittsin its native State.                                     burgh  most successfully several very large industrial
The offices of the company are in Suite 6I5, Bes-  corporations, Edmund W. Mudge is widely and favorsemer Building, Pittsburgh, and its storage yards are  ably known not only through the importance of the comsituated in Allegheny, Pa., and in Camden, N. J.  Ar-  panies he represents, but also for his own holdings and
rangements are now under way for increasing the cap-  achievements.  Identified  with the iron  industries of
ital stock and to open branch offices in New York and   Pittsburgh and vicinity for the past twenty years, posPhil adelphia to care for its constantly increasing volume   sessing a thorough knowledge of every phase of the busiof business.                                             ness, associated with various notable undertakings, atThe firm consists of H. B. Jewkes, president and   taining unquestioned success, Edmund W. Mudge, domtreasurer; I. W. Jenks, vice-president and secretary, and   inating the aff airs of the firm that bears his name, is one
the f ollowing directors: Edward O'Neil, I. W. Jenks  of the men who are contributing substantially to the upand H. B. Jewkes, all well known business men.           building of the prosperity of this part of the country.202  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
family to the United States, settling at Albany, N. Y.
Remaining there f or about a year, the next move was
to Buffalo, and a year later, in I 832, they came to Pittsburgh.
In I844, at the early age of 20, he decided to give
up his position with Benjamin Brown, grocer, and embarked in the same line of business for himself. He
secured a small building at what is now the corner of
First Avenue and Smithfield Street, and for about a year
conducted this business successfully. The disastrous
conflagration which started on April I0, I 845, completely wiped out his place of business, however. He
had that determination to start in again and to succeed
at once, and was one of the first to rebuild his place of
business in the burned district.
For many years he was actively engaged in the iron
and steel business, and for a number of years was president of the Pennsylvania Tube Company, prior to the
absorption of that concern by the National Tube Company.
Mr. Rhodes, on account of his acknowledged conservatism, was elected president of the Allegheny National Bank, serving in this capacity for a number of
years, after which he assumed the duties of vice-president of the same institution. He severed his connections with this bank to assume the presiclency of the
Colonial National Bank.
When the need of bridges across the Monongahela
and Allegheny Rivers at the point to connect Pittsburgh
with the South Side and the North Side respectively was
being agitated, Mr. Rhodes became much interested, and
was one of the promoters of these public benefits. He
was instrumental in the organization of both the Point
Bridge Company and the Union Bridge Company, and
was elected president of both organizations.
Seeing also the urgent need of local street railway
facilities for the transportation of the rapidly increasing population of the city, Mr. Rhodes also became active in this line, and the success and magnitude of the
street railway developments of the section is due largely
to his personal interests taken in these matters for a
number of years past. He was prominently identified
with the late Christopher L. Magee in many of the street
railway interests of the latter, and these connections
were responsible for the election of Mr. Rhodes to the
presidency of the Consolidated Traction Company upon
the death of Mr. Magee.
For some time Vice-President of La Belle Iron
Works of Steubenville, Ohio, in Novemnber, I905, Mr.
Mudge resigned the position that he might take up his
work here to better aclvantage. He is still heavily interestecl in the La Belle Iron Works ancld represents that
great iron ancl steel manufacturing concern in Pittsburgh.
He is also the Pittsburgh representative of the mighty
Lackawanna Steel Company of Buffalo. Edmund W.
Mudge  Co. are the exclusive agents for the Lincoln
Coal  Coke Co. of Scottdale, one of the largest independent producers of genuine Connellsville coke; further
the firm has the sole sales agency for Pittsburgh of the
Pittsburgh Gas  Co Co., of Glassport, which mnanufactures Otto by-procluct coke for domestic use.
Besicles having large i'nterests in the dlevelopmelit of
coking coal in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and in clifferent sections of West Virginia, Edmund W. Mudge
is the President of the Phillips Sheet  Tin Plate Co..
Of Clarksbtirg, West Virginia. Moreover, he is a director and a large stockholcler i'n the Pope Tin Plate
Comupany of Steubenville, Ohio.
The offices of Eclmuncl W. Muclge  Co. in the Frick
Building are in keeping with the importance of the business transactecl thlerein.
Not only by his ability to fincl a mnarket f or the output of the corpor-ations he represents, but for his goocl
judgment and farsightedness is Edmund W. Mudge
cistinguished. His talent fincls expression in somnething
more than the mnaking of profitable contracts of temuporary duration. As a capitalist, he builcls for the future'.
AXcting either for himuself or others, he secures results
that are stibstantial it is worth while to clo things well.
JOSHUA   RHODES-There  are  few   people
throughout the entire Pittsburgh clistrict who are not
m1ore or less familiar with the m1any financial and inclustrial achievements of Joshua Rhocles. He is one of
the f ew surviving early pioneers who took ani imnportant
part in the clevelopment of the comnmercial ancl financial
history of Pittsburgh.
Mr-. Rhocles began life in this city as a poor bov, ancl
his sticcess has been all the maore deserved ancl notable
from the f act that it has been entirely clue to his own
efforts and ability.
Mr'. Rhodes was born in Lonclon, Englancl, on
March I9, 1824, and was one of a famnily of six chilclren.
In I 83o) his father, Charles Rhocles, moved with his--. I
AV
r
THE Pittsburgh district is the world's prize
locality in the production of manufactured
articles and as a market for such products.
Other localities make more locomotives, boilers, machine-shop equipment, tools and some other specialties, and in these instances cities and whole states
become famous for originating some one brand of manufacture. Connecticut is the home of the lock industry,
Massachusetts is the nation's shoemaker, and other states
have some other manuacturing specialty as a source of
pride. But Pittsburgh manufactures practically everything every other state manufactures, and despite this
diversification of industrial effort succeeds in leading the
markets of the world in a number of manufacturing
staples.
Pittsburgh enterprise in manufacturing does not stop
at the above-recited accomplishments. By f ar the greatest portion of raw material used by manufacturers
throughout the country for iron and steel products is
supplied by Pittsburgh. Besides, machinery, tools and
equipment made elsewhere are generally put into use
through motive power bearing the Pittsburgh trade-mark.
Big railroads of the country come to Pittsburgh to
buy their locomotives, one of the biggest of railroad locomotive building plants being located on the lower North
Side. This plant turns out I 50 locomotives a year. The
plant is an investment of millions of dollars and affords
employment to hundreds of men. Through its product
millions of people are annually guaranteed safe journeys
over mountains and across plains, in fact, wherever transcontinental lines traverse in the United States, or international railways wend their crooked way in foreign
lands. The Pittsburgh factory is one of the principal
factories of the locomotive corporation which has a
monopoly of supplying the world's demand for steam
locomotives.
Pittsburgh's fame as a machinery-producing center
is so vast that little beyond a general idea of its importance can be given. Behind Pittsburgh's smoke and soot,
roar and rumble, and flash of flame is Pittsburgh-made
machinery. Go where you will among the Steel City's
great industries and you will find the trade-mark of this
city's  machinery  manufacturers.  The enormous iron
and steel mills are operated by machinery made in Pittsburgh or its environs.  Pittsburgh-made machinery is
evident in every step taken into the industrial center's
expansive and up-to-date coal mines. Its oil and gas
fields give out their wealth-creating product through maclinery designed and finished at home.
Vast as has been the demand for machinery at home,
Pittsburgh machinery manufacturers not only have supplied this, but have reached out and implanted themselves in other markets. To-day machinery made here
has a world-wide vogue. The product sells in every place
where industrial effort is a factor. Other localities may
produce finer work in the smaller industrial needs, but
in the bulkier and larger work Pittsburgh products have
first call.
All this manufacturing demand has meant an enormous impetus to industrial progress in Pittsburgh. Great
plants catering exclusively to furnishing machinery for
great industries everywhere dot the Pittsburgh district.
These give employment to thousands of skilled mechanics, the pick of the country, besides a veritable horde of
common labor. Represented in these plants are millions
of dollars in money which helps make up the grand sum
total of Pittsburgh prosperity.  The daily shipments by
rail and water would give another city of Pittsburgh's size
203
Behind Pittsburgh's Roar and Rumble and Smoke and
Flame Is Pittsburgh Made Machinery- Local Skill
Turns Out Nearly Two Hundred Locomotives Annually204  THE STORY OF   P I T T S 13 U R G H.
The American Locomotive Company was incorporated on July I, I904, under the laws of New York
State.
The company is capitalized at $5o,ooo,ooo, of which
$25,000,000 is pref erred, paying 7 per cent. cumulative
dividend, and $25,000,ooo of which is common, paying
5 per cent. dividend per annum.
The directors of the comnpany are as follows: William M. Barnum, New York; Joseph Bryan, Richmond,
Va.; Charles A. Coffin, New York; Pliny Fisk, New
York; Julius E. French, New York; Robert J. Gross,
New York; Waldo H. Marshall, New York; Charles
Miller, Franklin, Pa.; Sulvanua L. Schomaker, New
York; George R. Sheldon, New York; Frederick H.
Stevens, Buffalo, N. Y.
The officers are: Waldo H. Marshall, president;
Robert J. Gross, vice-president; Leigh Best, vice-president; Hermann F. Ball, vice-president; David Van
Alstyne, vice-president; S. T. Calloway, secretary;
Charles B. Denny, treasurer, and Charles E. Patterson,
comptroller.
The Pittsburgh Works is the fifth largest plant of
the company. It was established in I865 as the Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works. The first president
was Mr. D. A. Stewart, and one of the stockholders
and prime movers was Andrew Carnegie. At present
Mr. George Gurry is superintendent, and Mr. E. B.
Clark assistant superintendent.
ENGINES, MACHINERY, BOILERS
LoCAL INGENUITY AND SKILL PROM PTLY AND SUCCESSFULLY
HANDLE ALL DEMANDS OF TRADE
Do you want to build a railroad? Pittsburgh comprises industries which can essay the job from any angle,
whether it be a steam railway permanently laid down or
a portable railway, or, according to the new idea, an electric line equipped with steel cars. Do you want to erect
a factory? Then come to Pittsburgh, for the Steel City
will furnish the structural steel framework, put it up,
supply the machinery equipment to operate the factory,
and that to turn out the product; in f act, will equip as
well as build the factory without calling upon manufacturers outside the Steel City. Have you an oil or gas
well or a coal mine to be equipped? Again it must be
reiterated that Pittsburgh industry can deliver the goods
better, more expeditiously and more satisfactorily than
any community upon the face of the globe.
Few Pittsburgh industries have grown so well and
in the face of such determined opposition as the manufacture of engine's, machinery, boilers and machine shop
equipment. Certain kinds of machine shop equipment,
like lathes, planers, etc., have been standbys in machine
shops f or so many years that the making of them has
come to be a legacy handed down to generation after
generation of families, some members of which first made
a tonnage of pleasing proportions. All in all there is
nothing more important in Pittsburgh than its machinery
manufactories, and it is an industry which is growing
every year into greater and greater dimensions.
LOCOMOTIVES
BUILDING OF LOCOMOTIVES NO SMALL PART OF THE STEEL
CITY'S INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Transcontinental railways are operated through steam
locomotives made in Pittsburgh, while the making of
these in Pittsburgh forms in itself an accurate history of
railroad building in the United States. Few communities began building locomotives earlier than Pittsburgh.
The Steel City built the earlier and primitive type of
car hauler, and in the principal locomotive factory which
adorns the city to-day the highest class of steam locomotive is turned out. Locomotive building is no small industry in the industrial activity of Pittsburgh.
AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY One
of the greatest American industries is represented by
the American Locomotive Company, whose Pittsburgh
Works are in Allegheny. The ten plants of the company  are  located as  follows:  Schenectady  Works,
Schenectady, N. Y.; Brooks Works, Dunkirk, N. Y.;
Richmond Works, Richmond, Va.; Rogers Works,
Paterson, N. J.; Cooke Works, Paterson, N. J.; Rhode
Island Works, Providence, R. I.; Dickson Works, Scranton, Pa.; Manchester Works, Manchester, N. H.; Montreal Works, Montreal, Canada.
The company employs a total of 22,000 men, not
including the general office force or heads of departments. The plants are equipped to manufacture locomotives, both steam and electric, for all classes of
service. In addition to the locomotive output, it manufa ctures the Atlantic Steam Shovel, which is the only
successful cable hoist steam shovel on the market to-day,
and is used on many of the largest engineering contracts
in this country and abroad; dredges of the hydraulic, dipper and bucket type, for channel dredging, gold dredging and all classes of dredging work; the rotary snow
plow; steam fire engines, and electric trailer and motor
trucks for street and interurban railway service.
The different plants have built in all 42,000 locomotives, including engines for almost every road on this
continent and abroad.
In October, I905, a subsidiary company, called the
American Locomotive Automobile Company, was incorporated, and a special factory erected at Providence,
R. I. for the manufacure of the Berliet car, which was
already famous abroad.
This garage, with its skilled corps of chauffeurs, is
up to date in every way. A garage, which is the largest
in the world, was also established in New York City at
I886 Broadway.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    205
them. Boiler-making never was considered a Pittsburgh
industry; yet Pittsburgh manufacturers of boilers are
making greater inroads each year into the business of
their competitors.
A gr eat advantage in favor of the home manufacturer, besides Pittsburgh's natural facilities as a manufacturing center, is an enormous home market for his
product. The Pittsburgh manufacturer, too, early appreciated the need of supplying Pittsburgh industries with
articles built on a much heavier order than is called for
elsewhere, with the result that in the heavier grade of
goods the Steel City manufacturers are rapidly monopolizing the market.
Machinery-making in Pittsburgh represents a vast
range of objects. All the rolling-mill machinery used
here is made by Pittsburgh companies. Besides, big fans
for mines, oil well and gas machinery is a Smoky City
product. Power equipment originates here. Pittsburgh
is one of the first cities to build engines for power purposes, in the matter of the use of steam.  Since then
local industry has spread and now includes manufacture of everything in the way of power making, from
steam to electricity. Pittsburgh, for instance, has few
peers in the making of gas engines for power-creating
purposes.
Boiler-making is engaged in here on a great scale.
Innumerable Pittsburgh plants are equipped with boilers
made here, and that industry is one which is constantly
expanding in the Pittsburgh district. Taken as a whole,
the making of engines, machinery, machine-shop equipment and boilers, is one line of endeavor in which Pittsburgh is rapidly looming into the f ront rank among
American manufacturers.
THE CARROLL-PORTER BOILER  TANK
CO.-One of the prominent local firms which have
helped to make Pittsburgh f amous is the Carroll-Porter
Boiler  Tank Co., manufacturers of riveted steel pipes,
tanks and plate work generally. This firm has been in
existence since I835, and is one of the oldest establishments in the country.  An institution of so great an
age must necessarily be worthy of entire trust, and the
reputation enjoyed by this firm is of the very highest.
Much of the equipment of mills and other manufacturing
concerns in all parts of the country has come from its
shops, and its trade in Mexico, South America and
Australia is quite extensive.
The manufacture of steel pipe is a specialty with the
firm. It is furnished for all purposes, including air lines,
gas lines, water lines and sewers. Some of the largest
pipe lines have been furnished by this company, one line
being seven feet in diameter. It has also made large pipe
four -f eet in diameter f or placer mining in the Yukon
gold-fields. Pipe lines f or hydraulic mining are a special feature of the company's products, these having
been placed in some of the most mountainous districts.
The commodious offices of the company are located
in the Empire Building. Its manufacturing plant is in
Wellsville, Ohio, where it employs from two hundred to
three hundred men. The officers are: J. W. Porter,
president; J. E. Porter, secretary and treasurer. These
with M. C. Porter compose the board of directors.
MACKINTOSH, HEMPHILL  CO. (the Fort
Pitt Foundry)- Erected almost on the spot where were
cast the cannon that enabled Perry to win his victory on
Lake Erie is monumental evidence of success achieved
in iron and steel. Dating back to the first quarter of the
nineteenth century, the Fort Pitt Foundry as a business
institution typifies the growth and progress of Pittsburgh. In its transitions from one phase of manufacturing to another, the foundry has kept in touch with, if
not in advance of, the needs of the times.
The inception of the Fort Pitt Foundry is credited
to Alexander McClurg. In 1825, ere Pittsburgh hacl
scarcely ceased to be a "western settlement," near what
is now Twelfth and Etna Streets, McClurg established
a foundry and machine shop that for those days were
neither small nor ill equipped.
At the outset McClurg, individually, owned the foundry. He took in partners, and they formed the firm of
McClurg, Pratt  Wade, which afterwards became McClurg, Wade  Co. Another transaction occurred, and
the plant was transferred to John Freeman. Following
Freeman came Freeman, Knapp  Totten; then successively the business was carried on by Knapp  Co.,
Knapp, Wade  Co., Knapp, Rudd  Co., Charles
Knapp and Charles Knapp's nephews; title passed to the
Fort Pitt Foundry Company, and in I878 the property
was purchased by its present owners, Mackintosh, Hemphill  Co.
The first output of the foundry consisted of stoves,
sugar kettles and such castings as were then in demand.
Then saw mills, engines, boilers and machinery attested
the constructive ability of the establishment.  In this
foundry and machine-shop were made, later on, the
locomotives used on the old Portage Railroad. After
the fire of I 858, in which the entire works were destroyed, the plant was reconstructed on a smaller scale.
During the Civil War the foundry was devoted to the
making of cannon and cannon balls. In filling urgent
government orders, for a while the Fort Pitt Foundry
delivered three guns and tons of shot and shell daily.
From the "sixties" to to-day is scarcely more than
the span of a generation, yet in the interim what wonderful changes have been wrought in the world. Most
marvelous has been the expansion of the iron and steel
industry. A successful business adjusts itself to existing conditions and prepares fully  for the future.  To
the foresight, energy and engineering ability of James
Hemphill, one of the founders of Mackintosh-Hemphill
 Co., is largely due the present high standing of the206  T H, E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
dismantled and sold, and the present plant built at West
Homestead.
The officers of the company are: George Mesta,
President; C. J. Mesta, Vice-President; W. D. Rowan,
Secretary, and J. O. Horning, Treasurer. The general
offices are at West Homestead, Pa.  Pittsburgh city
office, Lewis Block.  Branch offices: New  York, Hudson  Terminals; Chicago, Comme rcial National Bank
Building; Birmingham, Woodward Building. Foreign
representative for Japan, China and Korea is Mitsui 
Co., of New York.
The plant covers twenty acres and is situated near
the Monongahela River, below the Homestead Plant of
the Carnegie Steel Company, and has direct connection
with the Pennsylvania R. R., B.  O. R. R. and P.  L.
E. R. R. The plant level is fourteen feet above the highest known water mark, which assures safety from floods,
an item of great importance in any manufacturing plant,
and especially a foundry.  Additions are now  being
made, which, upon completion, together with their present plant, will give employment to about 2,500 men.
All the buildings are fire-proof, only steel, concrete
and brick being used in their construction. Work can
never be delayed on account of fire, a feature as important to customers as it is to the company. The most
modern practice has been followed in the general plant
arrangement. To the engineer this means that power is
generated at one central power-house and electrically
transmitted to all parts of the works. In the general
operation of the foundry and machine business there is
a careful division of the departments, chief among which
are pattern-shop, pattern storeroom, metal yard for
raw material, iron and steel foundries, and a complete
machine-shop equipped with modern machine tools and
many special tools for all particular classes of work. In
connection with the machine-shop a large space is arranged for the erection of large machinery and engines.
In order to facilitate the co-operation so necessary
between Sales, Engineering and Shop, the general offices
are located in a modern four-story fire-proof building in
close proximity to the works. The general office is maintained on the second floor, while the third and fourth
floors are occupied by the engineering and drafting departments. Ample space is provided in fire-proof vaults
for all books, engineering records and drawings. Upon
the first floor is located a kitchen and private diningroom  for visitors and officers of the company; a large
dining-room, where luncheon is served each day to the
office force, foremen and assistant foremen of the works.
The peculiar feature of this office building is the library
in connection. Its tables are covered with technical and
scientific periodicals. This library being a branch of the
Homestead Carnegie Library, it is not restricted to a
few, but the privileges of its use are extended to every
man in the works.
In its domestic trade this company has built some of
gigantic establishment which has succeeded the f oundry
and machine-shop of Alexander McClurg. Hemphill
anticipated what would be required by the trade. In
building engines, rolling mills, blast furnace machinery,
hydraulic presses, hydraulic riveters, hydraulic shears,
vertical shears and other monster appliances, the work
of the Fort Pitt Foundry is distinguished f or size, precision and solidarity of construction.  The output of
the Fort Pitt Foundry represents the biggest and most
improved equipment of modern steel plants. Almost
at its door there exists always a market f or all it can
make.  The steel-making concerns in the vicinity of
Pittsburgh have proved that the work of the Fort Pitt
Foundry is about the best there is.
Mackintosh, Hemphill  Co. is a corporation capitalized at $I,OOO,OOO. The officers of the company are
Joseph Fawell, President; W. H. McFadden, Vice-President; Pennock Hart, Treasurer, and William M. Westerman, Secretary. Associated with the above on the Board
of Directors are D. E. Park, William Wade and George
W. Baum. The company regularly employs 600 men.
The Fort Pitt Foundry was among the first to build
open-hearth furnaces and make their OWN castings. By
doing this they were assured absolutely of the quality of
their steel. Determined always to obtain the best results, it has never been the policy of the company to
spare expense or effort. Work of Mackintosh. Hemphill  Co. f or years has been accepted as the standard
of excellence. Embodied in some of the biggest and
best blast furnaces and rolling mills in the Pittsburgh
district are the ideas of Hemphill and his associates and
assistants. Wrought into the mighty appliances of modern steel-making is the genius of the man who made the
Fort Pitt Foundry famed for the massiveness, strength,
capacity ancl economnical operation of the mnachinery
which it constructecl.
On August Hemphill passed away,
but the organization with which he was so prominently
identified endures and rigidly adheres to the rules he laid
down soon after Mackintosh, Hemphill  Co. acquired
the Fort Pitt Foundry.
Commercial history is sometimes said to be sordid
and uninteresting, but in the annals of the Pittsburgh
district there are few things more instructive than the
story of the rise, development and substantial enlargement of the Fort Pitt Foundry.
MESTA MACHINE COMPANY-One of the largest foundry and machine companies in the Pittsburgh
district was incorporated November 2I,  1898, and purchased the plants and interests of the Robinson-Rea
Manufacturing Company, and the Leechburg Foundry
 Machine Co. Both these firms had conducted a well
established business in engines and rolling-mill machinery, which the Mesta Machine Company has continued.
The year following the consolidation, th-e old plants werethe largest engines and rolling mnills in the United States,
amnong which are five horizontal cross-compound blowing engines which furnish blast for two 6oo-ton furnaces
of the Illinois Steel Company, Chicago, Ill.; five vertical
cross-compound engines which furnish blast for the two
large furnaces of the Donora Plant of the Carnegie Steel
Company; twenty-four vertical long crosshead blowing
engines for the Tennessee Coal, Iron  Railroad Co., located at Ensley, Ala.; one large cross-comnpound engine
which drives the finishing end of the new rail mill of
the Bethlehell Steel Comipany, South Bethlehem, Pa.
(one of the bed plates of this engine weighed over Ioo
tons and required a special four-truck car for shipment);
two twin tandetm comnpound reversing engines for the
Bethlehem  Steel Company; reversing engines for the
Illinois Steel Company, La Belle Iron Works, Youngstown Sheet  Tube Co., Tennessee Coal, Iron  Railroad Co., and m1any other large plants.
Of foreign trade almong the various installations
made by this company are four large blowing engines
for the Lake Superior Power Company, Sault Ste. Marie,
Ont., Canada; several rolling mills for Rhodes Curry 
Co., Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada; a large engine and
complete sugar mill for the Colonial Sugar Company,
Cienfuegos, Cuba; a Corliss engine, two rolling imills,
shears and other 1machinery  for the Imperial Steel
Works, of Japan.
Since its incorporation, the Mesta Machine Company
has maintained a city office in the Lewis Block, at the'corner of Sixth Avenue and Smithfield Street, where the
officers will be pleased to have those call who do not
have the time to visit the general office and works at
West Homestead. Kept on file at this office are general
plans and photographs of the various types of machinery
made.  Catalogs and illustrative matter will be gladly
furnished by the company.
OIL WELL SUPPLY  COMPANY-It would be
impossible to find a more thoroughly representative
Pittsburgh industry than the Oil Well Supply Company,
and there are few concerns that have lent so areat an
impetus to the enriching and growth of the community
in which they were planted.
No one familiar with Pittsburgh and her natural
resources needs to be enlightened as to the vital part
which oil and natural gas have played in Pittsburgh's
present prosperity, and no single industry has exerted
a more potent effect upon the oil and gas development
than has the Oil Well Supply Company.  It is not too
much to say that the business sagacity which prompted
Mr. John Eaton to establish this business was an indirect, but most important factor in the present great
development of Pittsburgh.
The history of the Oil Well Supply Company is
practically a history of the oil industry. It dates back
to a comparatively short time after the discovery of oil
in western Pennsylvania, and resulted from a visit to the
oil regions by the President of the Oil Well Supply
Company, Mr. John Eaton.  The first well drilled expressly for petroleum was completed August 28, I859,
PLANT OF THE MESTA MACHINE COMPANY, WEST HOMESTEAD, PA.site of the town is defined already, and within a year it
will look well among Beaver's other mill and factory
towns.
Mercer County has not lagged in the race for moneymaking establishments and permanent improvements in
the last quarter of a century. Mercer, Sharpsville and,
most of all, Sharon, have been attracting attention and
factories as well. The city of Sharon, with its environs,
has set a pace that has caused older and more pretentious
towns to "sit up and take notice."  Late statistics show
that in and around this city are 36 establishments employing 2,000 people, to whom are annually paid $882,996.
The combined capital of these establishments is $4,838,448. The value of the products is $4,776,9I4. The cost
of production is $220,I20. The town is still very young
in the instance of the newest part, but the work of building up a good-looking and modern city has been consistently pushed.  Good buildings are numerous of both
residential and public and semi-public character.  Many
additional manufacturing concerns are expected to locate
here soon, as the facilities are of the finest and the general
conveniences the best in the country between the Ohio
River and Lake Erie. Mercer County has also some of
the best colleges and schools in the State of Pennsylvania.
Meadville, the capital of Crawford County, is one
of the prettiest as well as one of the very hustling cities
of northwestern Pennsylvania. It has a very favorable
geographical location with reference to eastern Ohio,
western New  York and western Pennsylvania operations of all kinds. Being the seat of the great Methodist
Episcopal college, the Allegheny, its educational influence
is well-nigh national in character.  Other schools of
distinctive character have added at least to its state reputation in an educational way. The entire atmosphere of
the county is wholesome, and Meadville has always been
regarded as one of the very choicest residential sections
of the state. In a manufacturing way it is a most pretentious town. It maintains no fewer than 52 plants of
varying importance. The combined capital of these plants
is $I,76I,230. They furnish employment to nearly 1,500
persons, and yearly nearly $700,000 is disbursed among
them. The finished products are valued at $2,074,600.
The miscellaneous cost of material is $964,286.  The
Erie and the Pittsburgh and Bessemer railroads give
most satisfactory facilities east and west and north and
south, respectively. Several street railway lines give advantageous inter-county communication. In conformity with its other up-to-date surroundings, Meadville has
a municipality that is one of the best in every essential
in the state. Individual enterprise in the way of taking
care of property has done most of all in the combined
municipal and personal efforts in keeping the city clean
and the residences with their surroundings sightly. Its
home churches, comprising most of the denominations,
are handsome architectural edifices. Population, II,OOO.
Titusville, in the eastern part of Crawford County,
has long been known as the prolninent petroleum city of
the state. It has a population not far from ten thousand
people. The people of this city have done much toward
making it the business center it is to-day.  It has 62
manufacturing establishmnents of all kinds, and all are in
a flourishing condition. These plants have an aggregate
capital of $3,755,446 and employ about 1,200 persons.
The annual pay-roll reaches $506,935. The miscellaneous
LOADING CARS DIRECT FROM COKE OVENS BY MACHINERYPLANTS OF THE OIL WELI, SUPPLY COMPANY
WORKS AT OSWEGO, N. Y.  IMPERIAL WORKS, OIL CITY, PA.  WORKS AT PITTSBURGH, PA.and caused a great sensation. Mr. Eaton visited the oil
country in I8'6I and was impressed with the great future,
then evident, for the oil business. The discovery of oil
had attracted many investors and adventurers to the oil
regions, and new wells were drilled as fast as the crude
machinery of those days could accomplish the work.
Many more would have been drilled had supplies been
obtainable, but at that time this was an impossibility.
In I867 Mr. Eaton
established a business
for the sale of oil well
supplies on his own
account, and two
years later he organized the firm of Eaton
  Cole, which was
afterwards merged into a corporation, under the laws of Connecticut, k n o w n as
The Eaton, Cole 
Burnham  Co., the
principal office of the
company being in
New  York City.  In
1876 the Oil Well
Supply  Company,
Ltd., was formed by
the union of several
firms in a similar line
of business, including
the supply department
of The Eaton, Cole 
Burnham Co. In I891
the present corporation, organized under
the laws of Pennsylvania, succeeded the
limited copartnership.
In I859 the entire
production of petroleumn amounted to only 8,500 barrels. In
I905 the production
exceeded I 20,000,000
barrels. Nearly 250,ooo wells have been
drilled, and every
well has been equipped, wholly or in part, with the
products of the Oil Well Supply Company, which
company stands to-day at the head of the supply
business of the world.  From  a nominal capital it
has grown until it now has a capital of $I,50o,ooo, and
a surplus of over $3,000,000. Its manufacturing plants
are very extensive, the one at Oil City, Pa., covering 25
acres, on which are over thirty separate buildings. The
company manufactures within itself nearly every article
required for drilling and operating oil, gas and water
wells for refineries, and pipe lines, and steam, gas and
water goods generally.
The head office of the company is at Pittsburgh, Pa.
Its officers are: President, John Eaton; Vice-President,
Kenton Chickering; Treasurer, Louis Brown, and Secretary, Louis C. Sands. Directors: John Eaton, Kenton
Chickering, L o u i s
B ro w n, Louis C.
Sands and U. G. Hubley.
When the Oil Well
Supply Company was
founded the oil business was in its infancy. Primitive
i d e a s prevailed and
tools and methods of
the crudest sort were
in general use. The
first oil well was
"kicked" down by
means of a  spring
pole. The operatioii
required  several
months to r each a
depth of 69 feet. By
the improved, powerful machinery now
used  for the  sane
work it is not uncommon to drill Ioo feet
in a single day. The
tools used at the present time are very different from those employed to drill the first
wells. On the Drake
and other early wells
the tools weighed less
than Ioo pounds. Today a string of tools
weighs from 3,000 to
4,000  pounds.  The
engines and boilers
formerly used seldom
exceeded Io h o r s epower. Now 25 horse-power, and frequently larger sizes,
are used.  Gas engines are also coming more and- more
into use for drilling wells.  Formerly oil was carted in
barrels from the wells to the nearest stream or railway
station, whence it would be transported in barges or cars
to all parts of the country.  To-day oil is distributed
throughl pipe lines from  the wells to 15umping stations
and refineries all over the country.
JOHN EATON.210  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
JOSEPH REID GAS ENGINE COMPANYThe large plant and general offices of the Joseph Reid
Gas Engine Company, which is one of the leading concerns in the United States in the manufacture of gas
engines for use in drilling and pumping oil and gas
wells, are located at Oil City, Pa., in the heart of the oil
belt of western Pennsylvania. This location gives the
company the best and most economical facilities for shipping its product to the home field, and at the same time
any convenience which would be afforded were the plant
located in any other portion of the great Pittsburgh
iron and steel belt.
The engine which is the chief production of the
company is the invention of Joseph Reid, of Oil City,
and who first started in its manufacture in 1894, the
first one being placed on the market in December of
that year. The engine became popular at once, and on
account of its compactness and at the same time its
capability of generating great power, a large number of
them were sold and used in the oil country during the
next few years. Mr. Reid had in the meantime applied
for letters patent covering his invention, -and these were
granted him in June, I898.
It was then decided to expand the business and enter
greater fields, and Mr. Reid incorporated his business
in February of the following year under the style of
the Joseph Reid Gas Engine Company, which name the
firm continues to use to-day. Mr. Reid was elected head
of the company, and has held this position, together with
that of general manager, continuously. To this position
much of the success of the company is due. Mr. Reid's
intelligent and painstaking management as displayecl at all
times has been largely instrumental in promoting the
company's advancement.
Later in I899 the company introduced a new  model,
this being a reversible gas engine. It is worthy of mention that the first one placed in use was on the property
of Mr. Reid himself, and was used in drilling one of his
own wells. This well was drilled to a depth of 908 feet
in about ten days, and with gas selling at the rate of
twenty-five cents per thousand feet, the fuel cost of drilling was less than one cent per foot of hole drilled. Since
that time many much better records have been made.
While the manufacture of gas engines forms the
principal part of the business of the company, it is not
all of it, as wherever fuel oil is used the Reid oil burner
is known, and many thousands of them have been made
and distributed since the first was designed and patented.
This burner was also the invention of Joseph Reid, and
the Reid Oil Well Pumping Power is intended as a fitting
mate for the Reid Gas Engine.
The engines have now been in use in all parts of the
country long enough to demonstrate their practical worth
and economical value. As good time has been made with
them as with steam engines of far greater power, and at
a greatly reduced cost.
The first iron pipe made for tubing wells was manufactured at Taunton, Mass., on an order given by Mr.
John Eaton. It was 2-inch, butt-welded pipe and was
sold to the producers at $I.25 per foot. To-day lapwelded iron tubing, tested at 2,500 pounds to the square
inch, sells f or I 4 cents per f oot.
John Eaton, the founder and President of the Oil
Well Supply Company, is the son of Hiram W. and
Annie (Mott) Eaton, and was born August 20, 1840, at
Esopus, Ulster County, New York. His father was a
native of Connecticut, but moved to Brooklyn, N. Y., in
I842, where he died in I899 at the advanced age of
ninety-one years. The Eaton family came from England-one brother on the Mayflower, the other arriving
in I627. Their descendants were prominent in New
England's early history and took part in the French
and Indian and Revolutionary wars. The Mott family,
to which Mr. Eaton's mother belonged, was of French
origin, and they also were prominent in the war for
American independence.
At the age of twenty Mr. Eaton entered the employ
of the firm of Joseph Nason  Co., of New York City,
manufacturers of brass and iron, steam, gas and water
goods, and within one year he was promoted to the
management of the business.  Soon afterwards he visited Titusville, Pa., and other sections of the oil regions,
when he conceived the idea of establishing a business
which the discovery of petroleum had made a necessity.
Since the year I867 the history of the oil business and
the personal history of John Eaton have been so closely
intertwined that the growth of one clearly reflects the
success of the other.  Since the establishment of the
business Mr. Eaton has been president and manager of
the company.
Mr. Eaton is a man of genial disposition and attractive personality. While absent on a trip around the
world in 1904 he was elected President of the Pittsburgh
Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Duquesne, Union, Civic and Country Clubs of Pittsburgh,
and the Engineers' Club of New York City. He is also
a thirty-secon-degree Mason. Mr. Eaton is very highly
esteemed in social and industrial circles.
In I863 he married Margaret H. Collins, of Brooklyn, N. Y. They have two daughters, Mabel, wife of
Rev. Frederick Ward Denys, Rector of St. Mary's
Episcopal Church of Baltimore, Md., and Lulu, wife of
Louis Brown, of Pittsburgh, Treasurer of the Oil Well
Supply Company.
The Oil Well Supply Company does not confine its
business to this country, but has a very extensive trade
in all parts of the world. Besides its large manufacturing plant at Oil City it has plants at Pittsburgh and
Bradford, Pa., Oswego, N. Y., Parkersburg, W. Va.,
Poplar Bluff, Mo., Memphis, Tenn., and Van Wert,
Ohio, and stores and branches in the various gas and oil
fields in the different States and territories.TRANTER MANUFACTURING COMPANYThe Tranter Manufacturing Company's business was
founided in I836 by J. B. Sherriff, who had a brass foundry in Market Street. J. B. Sherriff, Sons  Co. that
year began making pumps and miscellaneous metal
goods for the mill and river boat trade. Henry Tranter,
who started as a grocery clerk, became president in
900oo. He is also treasurer. William H. Tranter, vicepresident, was Allegheny county boiler-inspector four
years. John F. Robertson, secretary, and George H.
Culley, superintendent, are also mainstays of the business, which grew five-fold from  I903 to I907. These
four men and W. H. Tranter, Jr., are the directors.
The company is capitalized
at $25,000 and has $25,000
surplus. Its busy plant is
at o05 Water Street, Pittsburgh, extending  through
to 10o4 First Avenue.
This company's products
are recognized for high efficiency  and durability, the
Defiance jet putmp, Coll's
patent ejector, Sherriff's patent pullp and the Robertson blow-off valve having
been adopted as standard by
many large manufacturers.
The company, pioneer dealer
in gas engines in Pittsburgh,
has added gasoline marine
engines and motor boats. It
deals also in steam engines,
boilers, steatn  and  power
pu-nps, dynamos and motors,
s h a f t i n g s, hangings and
other  transmission  goods,
and does much machinery
repairing. The T r a n t e r
Manufacturing C o mi p a n y
has always been the exclusive Pittsburgh  agent for
the well known firm of Fairbanks, Morse  Co., and the
equally well known firm of Struthers-Wells Company.
THE  WESTINGHOUSE  INTERESTS-When
writing a story about the city of Pittsburgh, its growth,
its progress, and its development, a brief history of the
Westinghouse interests from the time the first company
of that industrial group was established up to the present
day is absolutely essential.
The Westinghouse interests comprise now about
thirty industrial corporations. They employ about 50,ooo operatives. Their total capitalization approximates
$200,ooo,ooo. Their annual output aggregates the sum
of about $I5o,ooo,ooo. They operate twenty factories in
six different countries, and they have nineteen general
offices and two hundred and seven district offices. They
have special agencies in eighty-nine cities located in
twenty different countries.  The product of these factories is used in every country of the world. It is safe
to say that the name "Westinghouse," so indissolubly
linked with the development of the city of Pittsburgh,
has been the largest factor in establishing throughout the
world the fact that this is the greatest industrial center
of the universe.
A little over thirty years ago Mr. George Westinghouse, the head of all these
corporations, laid the foundation for these vast interests by orgaiiizing The
Westinghouse Air B r ak e
Company. A small factory
with fifty employees, located
at the corner of Twentyfifth  and Liberty  Streets,
Pittsburgh, was the beginning. To-day the more important companies of the entire Westinghouse interests
are the following: The
Westinghouse Air B r a k e
C o mn p a n y, Westinghouse
Machine  Company, Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co., Union Switch
 Signal Co., Nernst Lamp
Company, Pittsburgh Meter
Company, R. D. N u t t a 1
Comnpany, Sawxyer-M an
Electric Company, American Brake Company, Westinghouse Foundry Company,
Westinghouse T r a c t i o n
Brake Company, Westinghouse A  u t o 1 a t i c Air 
Steam Coupler Co., Perkins
Electric  Switch  Mantufacturing Company, Bryant Electric Company, CooperHewitt Electric Company. While these companies are all
located in this country, there are a number of others situated abroad, the more prominent of which are the
Canadian Westinghouse Company, British Westinghouse
Electric  Manufacturing Co., Westinghouse Brake Company, Ltd., French Westinghouse Company, Russian
Westinghouse Company, and German Westinghouse
Company.
The Westinghouse Air Brake Company, which is the
parent organization, was organized in I869 for the purpose of manufacturing the Westinghouse air brake, an
invention of George Westinghouse, which he had only
GEORGE WESTINGHOUSErecently before succeeded in bringing into commercial
use. The wonderful characteristics of this appliance
soon made it popular, and the railroads quickly decided
upon its adoption.  The lresult was that the small
factory  in  Pittsburgh  expanded  to  its utmost capacity.  Business, however, continued to grow, and
a new  location for a factory was secured in Allegheny City, where the Westinghouse air brake was
manufactured for the American market, until these
works also became too small to supply the demand for
its product, and a large tract of land was secured at
Wilmerding in the Turtle Creek Valley, fourteen miles
east of the city of Pittsburgh, where extensive shops
had been established in the meantime.  Since then the
company has grown until it has to-day a capacity of
turning out I,ooo sets of brakes a day. The Westinghouse air brake has now been adopted by every railroad
of any consequence in every civilized country throughout the world. In the development of the railroad business, as it exists to-day, the Westinghouse air brake has
been one of the most important factors, and it is merely
stating a fact that without the air brake the transportation facilities afforded by the railroads to-day wonild
have been impossible.  The Westinghouse air brake is
generally considered one of the most wonderftul inventions that has ever been conceived, and is unique in the
fact that it has never been successfully imitated. From
the time it was first applied to railroad cars, there has
never been anything brought out to either replace or
supersede it. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company at
Wilmerding employs now about 4,000 men, many of
wvhom  have been engaged with the firm  more than
twenty-five years. While the shops at these works supply the market for all the countries in North and South
Amnerica, except Canada, a number of foreign companies
have been established to take care of the trade in their
respective countries.
Although the Westinghouse Air Brake Company is
the oldest organization among the Westinghouse interests, it is not the largest. This distinction belongs to the
Westinghouse Electric   Manufacturing Co., whose
growth and development is considered one of the marvels
of the industrial history of America.  This company
was formed in I886 from a department of the Union
Switch  Signal Co., and was then located in Garrison
Alley in the city of Pittsburgh. To-day the company's
main factory is situated at East Pittsburgh. The entire
lot of buildings have a floor space of forty-three acres,
and the shops employ over I2,ooo  operatives. The annual output is valued at about $60,ooo,ooo. Besides this
there is connected with these factories a foundry in
Allegheny City, a factory in Cleveland, Ohio, and a factory in Newark, N. J.
It is safe to say that the development of the WestWORKS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE COMPANY AT WILMERDING, PA.inghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co. has been one of
the most important factors in the progress and growth
of the electrical industry in this country. The Westinghouse Electric Company has been the pioneer in the development of the alternating current single-phase system
of electrical distribution, which system  gave the first
great imnpetus to the popularity of electric incandescent
lighting.  It was the Westinghouse Electric Company
which, through the dlevelopment of the alternating current system, mnade long-distance power transtmission a
comimerical possibility, and it was this cotmpany which
installed the first long-distance power transmission plant
at Niagara Falls. It was the Westinghouse Electric
Cotpany which, through its work in the electric railway department, has brought it about that this country
in the developtment of electric railroading leads the
world. Even to-day all the foremost electrical engineers
and railroad experts are looking to the WVestinghouse
Company for a solution of the problem that will eventually displace steam by electricity on all the large trunk
lines.  It is expected that this will be accomplished by
the Westinghouse alternating current single-phase electric railway system. This system was invented by Benjamin Lanmmne, Chief Engineer of the company, and
from  the day that he made his announcement to the
engineering world it has aroused the greatest interest.
During the last few years the company has introduced
this system  on a number of railroads throughout the
country as well as abroad, and from the success that has
accompanied the different installations it is now  generally expected that every hope of the single-phase electric railway system will be realized. No stronger proof
for this system can be desired than the fact that the New
York, New Haven  Hartford R. R. Co. is operating
this system on a part of their mlain line between New
York City and Boston.
The business outlook for this comlpany has never
been brighter than at the present time.  New uses for
electricity are found daily, and the possibilities for electrical distribution are becoming constantly miore and
more recognized.
The WVestinghouse Machine Company, another of
the larger concerns of the Westinghouse interests, has
been in the business of manufacturing steam engines for
about thirty years, until to-day it is the leading manufacturer of steam-power appliances in the world.  Its
business has increased to enormous proportions, and its
products are in operation in most of the countries
throughout the world.  To-day, however, the company
does not confine itself to the manufacture of steam eng-ines alone, but it also makes the well-known Roney
Mechanical Stoker, an appliance which is very extensively used in boiler plants. Some ten years ago the company entered the gas-engine field and began the construction of the Westinghouse Gas Engine. Until that
time very few gas engines were made larger than Ioo
horse-power, and the Westinghouse  Machine Company
became the pioneer in this branch of gas-engine construction.  So successful has it been that the demand
for its product is constantly growing, and the company
manufactures to-day gas engines as large as 4,ooo horsepower. The Westinghouse Machine Company is also the
pioneer in the steam turbine business, it having broug-llt
out in I899 the Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine.
The many advantages of this type of modern steam
engine over others of a similar kind have been so proWORKS OF THE WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING CO., AT EAST PITTSBURGH,, tnounced that the Westinghouse-Parsons turbine is leaving all of its competitors far behind. There are to-day
about 6oo Westinghouse-Parsons steam turbine units in
operation with a total horse-power capacity of 1,500,000.
The demand for this kind of engine is so great that
the shops are constantly crowded with work. The Westinghouse Machine Company's main factory is located at
East Pittsburgh, Pa., while it has a foundry at Trafford
City, Pa., and another factory at Attica, N. Y.  The
company employs about 4,000 men.
The Union Switch  Signal Co., the fourth in the
group of larger Westinghouse corporations, is probably
the oldest company in this country engaged in the manufacture of railway signals and safety appliances, and its
product has become so popular that there is scarcely a
railroad in this country which is not equipped with
Union Switch  Signal Co. apparatus.  A wonderful
impetus has been given to this business within the last
few years owing to the fact that the railroads have come
to a more thorough realization of the fact that it is to
their greatest advantage to provide their lines with the
latest and most modern signalling and safety devices
for the purpose of guarding their property as well as
saving lives. Signal engineering has become one of the
most important branches in railroad construction, and
the future business of the Union Switch  Signal Co.
looks very promising. The company was organized in
1881 and occupied a small factory on Garrison Alley in
the city of Pittsburgh. When the Electric Company was
organized, however, in I886, the Switch Company went
into new quarters and built a factory at Swissvale, Pa.,
where it is now located. The factory, however, has been
considerably enlarged since that time, and to-day the
company employs about 3,000 men.
These four companies are the most important of the
Westinghouse group located in the Pittsburgh district,
although there should also be mentioned the Pittsburgh
Meter Company, which manufactures gas and water
meters, its factory being located at East Pittsburgh, the
R. D. Nuttal Company, located on Garrison Alley, Pittsburgh, which manufactures gears and trolleys, and the
Nernst Lamp Company, which was formed some few
years ago for the purpose of manufacturing and introducing the Nernst lamp.  This lamp was invented by
Walter Nernst, a German professor.  It differs considerably from the modern arc lamp, and also from the
incandescent lamp. Its great characteristics are its wonderful brilliancy and extraordinary economy of electric
current consumption.  It has already been introduced
in many places throughout the country.
Other Westinghouse factories in this country are located in Newark, Cleveland, St. Louis and New York
City, besides the Canadian factory situated at Hamilton,
Ont., where the Canadian trade is taken care of.
PORTABLE RAILWAYS
A BUSINESS THAT HAS GROWN TO ONE OF GREAT PROSPERITY
WITH UNLIMITED OPPORTUNITIES
Portable railways have come to be put to so many
uses that it is wondered how people ever got along
without them.  One Pittsburgh company manufactures
these removable common carriers for railroad contractors, brick plants, quarries, boiler rooms, sugar and tobacco plantations, and even stables.  The business has
grown to one of great prosperity with unlimited opportunities, as the portable railway has come to be an
absolute necessity where there is heavy hauling to be
done and a constant shifting of base of operations.
ARTHUR KOPPEL COMPANY-The Arthur
Koppel Company is the largest manufacturer of industrial and portable railways in the world, and its products
are used in every country on the globe.  The plant is
located at Koppel, Pa., thirty-five miles from Pittsburgh.
This company was established in I876 for the manufacture of industrial and portable railway materials,
consisting of all kinds of portable material, such as
rails, switches, frogs, crossings, turntables, tracks, wheels
and axles, steel and wooden flat and dump cars, charging cars, shop and yard cars, and in fact cars of all kinds,
description and design. Including all plants the company
employs from  3,500 to 4,000 men, and is capitalized at
11,ooo,ooo marks, the stock being handled in Berlin.
It is a foreign corporation, with its principal office in
Berlin, Germany, and is duly authorized to do business
in America. Its officers are Arthur Reiche, general manager; Karl Hansen, chief engineer; Carl Franck, purPLANT OF ARTHUR KOPPEL COMPANY, KOPPEL, PA.chasing agent and assistant general manager; H. A. Ellis,
superintendent of works, all of whom have a power of
attorney.  Paul Schreiber is manager of the sales department.  The company occupies the entire sixteenth
floor of the Macheshey Building, Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, with offices at 66 Broad Street, New York; the
Monadnock Block, Chicago; Oliver Street, Boston; in
the "Chronicle" Building, San Francisco; San Juan,
Puerto Rico, and Havana, Cuba.
These branches were established to sell the products
of the newly erected plant at Koppel, Pa.  The plant
also turns out material for export, especially for Porto
Rico, Cuba and Mexico.  All other foreign trade is
handled through the Berlin office.
Koppel is an ideal industrial town. About two years
ago, when the company decided to build an Amiierican
plant for the mnanufacture of portable and industrial railroads, the problem of a location loolmed up as the most
serious obstacle to be overcome.
The Arthur Koppel Company lhas eight plants in Europe.  It has had
a good deal of
experience in thle
selection of locations, and it knew
exactly w h a t it
wainted. A sclledule of all things
nlecessary t o a n
i d e a 1 site was
imiade up, antil experts were s e n t
out to find the
spot that c a n e
n e a r e s t to the
standard  of excellence determined upon. Finally a plot of ground on
the Beaver River, thirty-five miles from Pittsburgh, was
offered. It was foutnd to contain more advantages and
fewer disadvantages than any other available site to be
found. As a result over 6o00 acres were purchased, an
extensive manufacturing plant was erected, and the tovwn
of Koppel was founded.
STEEL CARS
MARVELOUS GROWTH AND STRENGTH OF AN INDUSTRY NOT
TEN YEARS OLD
Steel cars are turned out in Pittsburghll at the rate
of 75,000 a year and sliipped to all parts of the world,
and the mnaking of them affords employment to I5,ooo
to I8,ooo people in the Pittsburgh district. The money
investment in these plants runs into several million dollars, and the product is one of the big' features of Pittsburgh's enormous tonnage.  All this activity is part of
an industi'y not yet ten years old. The genius of Schoen
first blazed the way to have the steel car succeed the
wooden freight car of trade, and now every railroad in
the world is replacing the old freight standby with the
new, while steel construction in passenger coaches is becoming  a fixture, the first important experiment in that
direction being those coaches in use in the New York
subway.
THE STANDARD STEEL CAR COMPANYThe extended use of steel in car construction is of comparatively recent introduction in the United States, but
in the past few years freight cars of steel, that more and
more nearly approach the ideal, have been developed.
Attested as the latest and best evolution of the idea is
the car built of structural steel by the Standard Steel Car
Company.  In the cars 1anufactured by this company
is the maximum  of present attainment in the way of
excellent wearing qualities, large capacity and great
strength combined with comparatively light weight in a
form of construction that permits the quick repairmenit,
in almnost any
railroad shop, of'damages accident a 11 y incurred.
Structural s t e e 1
cars are similar
in general design
to those built tiup
from  pressed
shapes, originally
placed on the
market.  In constant use, always
giving  excellent
service, on nearly
every  important
railroad in thle United States, structural steel freight cars
are unquestionably demonstrating their superior advantages.
Organized on January I, I902, capitalized at $5,000,ooo, so far, with the exception that it makes motor trucks
for electric cars, the Standard Steel Car Company has
concentrated its efforts in the manufacttire of steel and
composite freight cars. Its great success is indicated by
the prominent position the company holds in the carbuilding industry.
The general offices of the Standard Steel Car Company are in the Frick Building, Pittsbtiurgh. The officers
of the corporation are: J. M. Hansen, President; J. B.
Brady,. Vice-President; T. H. Gillespie, Treasurer, and
Max Bierman, Secretary.
The company owns and operates three huge carbuilding establishments and a large forge plant.  The
car factories are located in Btitler, Pennsylvania, Hammond, Indiana, and Newcastle, Pennsylvania. The forge
plant is situated in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. At the
BUTLER, PZA., PLANT OF THE STANDARD STEEIL CAR COMPANY2I6   T H  E   S T O R Y   O F
various plants of the company are at present employed
over II,OOO men. The comipany usually has upwards
of 9,ooo employees on its pay-rolls. The outptit of the
company is I75 freight cars a day.
Half a mile long, the company's great car-building
establishment at Butler, the largest plant of its kind in
the world, is arranged carefully and equipped fully in
every way for expeditious and efficient car construction.
From the tillie the iiiaterial is cleliverecl in train-loacl lots
at thle factory, uintil the car is paintecl and turned over
to thle pttrchlaser, each operationl required in btiilcling is
carriecl on withl every aid that experience ancl engineering ability couilcl suggest or iiiechlanical ingenuityv apply.
Thotigh smnaller in size ancl output than the Butler plant,
the factories at Newcastle and Hammond possess excellent f acilities.
Not only f or its extensive daily addtions to the car
capacity of the country, but for its great factories and
art-i-y of eii-ployees is the Stanclard Steel Car Coi-ipany
lotecl. Frotii the Panaiiia Canal to Montreal it is fal-nedl
for thle satisfactory service constantly perforiined by the
freight cars it haas constructecl.
STEAM PUMPING MACHINERY
AN ERA OF UNPRECEDENTED PROSPERITY BROUGHT ABOUT BY
THE NEED OF FILTRATION
Steam pump manufacture is one of the oldest and
more firmly founded lines of industrial effort in Pittsburgh, the Steel City being famous for years what
it has done in the way of making pumps of great power.
The business just now  is enjoying a prosperous era,
since the need of supplying pure water to the residents
of larger cities has made filtration an issue everywhere.
The greater per cent. of filtration schemes involve some
phase of pumping, while the erection of sky-scraper
office buildings, great mills, factories and power plants
has opened up a field for the pump manufacturer that is
unlimited.
THE EPPING-CARPENTER COMPANY-Conveniently situated on Forty-first Street, between the
tracks of the Allegheny Valley and Pittsburgh Junction
Railroads, is the big and busy factory of the EppingCarpenter Company. Established in I869, this concern
takes rank among the most important manufacturers of
pumping machinery and condensers in the country. Having for its principal customers the great steel plants and
blast furnaces, the Epping-Carpenter Company makes
single, duplex, compound, triple expansion and crosscompound pumping machinery in sizes and of descriptions suitable for almost any use or purpose.
Epping-Carpenter pumping machinery has a wellestablished reputation. It is in use all over the United
States, and its excellence is recognized in Canada, Mexico and South America. The better to supply its trade
P I T T S B U R G H
the company maintains branch offices in New York,
Chicago and other leading cities.
The works of the company give employment to 300
men. The business is capitalized at $5oo,ooo. Among
the stockholders of the Epping-Carpenter Company are
some of the best known capitalists of Pittsburgh. The
officers of the company are L. Vilsack, President; A. A.
Frauenheim, Vice-President and Treasurer, and W. N.
Epping, Secretary.
Though it has to its credit nearly forty years of
honorable history, the company is attracting much attention by the improvements it has made in the past few
years. Not only has it greatly enlarged its plant, but it
has added to its output pumping engines of the largest
size and power for water works and similar industries.
THE WILSON-SNYDER MANUFACTURING
COMPANY-Speaking of pumps, no gushing forth of
phrases, no flow of eloquence, no ebullition of words
need be attempted; even competitors admit that for proficiency in pump construction the Wilson-Snyder Manufacturing Company of Pittsburgh is unsurpassed.
For over thirty years this well-known company has
been engaged in the construction of pumping machinery.
It has built pumps of great size, pumps for various purposes, pumps designed to give long and excellent service
though subjected to usage and strain much more severe
than a piece of pumping machinery is ordinarily called
upon to sustain. And the best commendation of the
work that the company has done is expressed in the fact
that of the thousands of pumps the company has constructed in the past thirty years, over 95 per cent. are
yet in active, constant use. The first pump built by the
company was installed in the Bauerlein brewery at Bennett, Pennsylvania, nearly thirty years ago; that pump
has been used steadily ever since; it is running smoothly,
in good order, doing all that is required of it to-day. At
the Jones  Laughlin plant, and in the works of the
Carnegie Steel Company are other Wilson-Snyder pumps
that have successfully withstood the work and wear and
tear of more than a quarter of a century; so satisfactory
did these pumps prove to be that the Wilson-Snyder
Company has since supplied pumps to nearly every large
manufacturer of steel in the country.
The Wilson-Snyder pumps are expensive, or at least
they are apt to be considered so, if only the first cost
is taken into consideration. But in the long run the best
inevitably is the cheapest.  Built to order, especially
adapted to the service they are required to perform,
designed by alert and careful experts, constructed of the
very best material in a factory where unquestioned excellence is demanded in every piece of work, WilsonSnyder pumps naturally cost more, but the purchaser is
triply compensated by their reliability, their economy of
operation and their durability.
Among the pumping appliances manufactured by theT 11 E   S T O R Y   O F. P I T T S B U R G H   2 17
After these awful occurrences, William Clifford renewed his efforts to have installed safety devices that
would prevent or mitigate mine explosions. For ten
years he persistently pointed out the obvious necessity
for such action. Incidentally at this time was taken into
consideration the subject of fans for mine veltilation.
Experience had proven the absolute need of these methods of ventilation in order that human lives might be
guarded and saved to the greatest possible degree.
Having ascertained by numerous severe and practical tests in mines what f ans built by him would do,
Clifford made it a practice in each contract entered into
to guarantee the specific and definite performance of a
certain duty. Though, of fans made under the same
patents in England, failures were scored by the dozen,
not one unsuccessful or unsatisfactory installation can
be pointed out in the United States. The unvarying
regularity with which Clifford's fans have performed
all and more than was promised for them accounts for
a continually increasing business.
One acknowledged danger to miners in northern
countries had to be obviated in the construction of ventilators. The freezinu up of the inlets in winter required
that the ventilating current should be so changed in
direction that the air warmed by passing around the underground workings would thaw out the ice at the surface openings. By a steel-door arrangement the Cliffordbuilt fans can change the direction of the air current in
30 seconds. Thus  even in the coldest weather both
entrances to a mine may be kept f ree from ice. The
reversing of mine-ventilating currents, brought into
utilization only in the United States, has been instrumental in saving hundreds of lives.
In February, I903, by fire were destroyed the Clifford
shops at Jeannette. The plant was rebuilt of structural
steel and buff brick. The new equipment comprises special machinery and arrangements which facilitate in
every way the manufacturing operations of the company
and enable it to meet with success the continually growing demand for its wares.
In January, I904, the Clifford-Capell Fan Company
was incorporated. Besides building centrifugal fans for
all purposes, the company manufactures high-duty pumping engines of large size, and centrifugal reciprocating
pumps. Additions now being made to the plant will
enable the company also to make mine motors and mine
locomotives.
In the coal mines of Nova Scotia and northwestern
Canada, and in Chile under the shadows of the Andes,
may be seen in successful operation Clifford-Capell fans
made of Pittsburgh steel. Through the length of the
American continent the fans made in Jeannette are famed
for the excellent service they perform.
The officers of the Clifford-Capell Fan Company are:
William Clifford, President; Walter R. Mackaye, VicePresident, and John W. Keltz, Secretary and Treasurer.
Wilson-Snyder Company are: high-duty pumping engines, cross-compound pumping engines, vacuum pumps,
air pumps and jet condensers, hydraulic power pumps,
duplex power pumps, direct acting pumps, steam separators, automatic steam regulating valves and pump
supplies. In short, the company makes the best of everything that pumping calls for; even to machinery that
pumps thick semiliquids, such as molasses and tar; appliances to pump dirty and gritty liquids; pumps of any
required design, size or capacity, and every one warranted.
The Wilson-Snyder Manufacturing Company, capitalized at $I00, 000, was incorporated in I884. So
greatly has the business grown, the original capitalization is but a drop in the bucket compared with the present resources of the company.  Save in one instance
where death intervened, stock in the company has never
passed from the hands of those who secured it at the
time of the company's incorporation.
The company occupies a large and substantial brick
structure on the corner of Ross and Water Streets, Pittsburgh, and employs in its shops about I20 men.
The officers of the company are: August Snyder,
President; R. J. Wilson, Secretary, and J. R. McCune,
Treasurer.
VENTILATING MACHINERY
AN INDUSTRY FOUNDED UPON THE NECESSITY OF GUARDING
THE LIVES OF MEN
Few schemes of manufacture involve the human element as strongly as those engaged in the manufacture
of fans or ventilating systems for mines. This industry
is built entirely upon the necessity of guarding the lives
of men who earn their wages by burrowing into the
bowels of the earth. Pittsburgh's great prominence as
a coal center naturally gives strength to the home companies engaged in the manufacture of safety devices for
mines. These companies, besides doing a very profitable
business, are more and more perfecting the ventilating
of mines and lessening the number of great mine casualties in these underground workshops.
THE CLIFFORD-CAPELL FAN COMPANYWhat Plimsoll did for the sailors of England, William
Clifford has helped to do for the coal miners of the
United States. Partly at least through Clifford's efforts,
working conditions in many American coal mines are
infinitely better than they formerly were.
Twenty-five years ago crude methods, attended by
numerous fatalities, obtained limited outputs from the
mines of western Pennsylvania. Little was done to obviate the risks of mining. Mine ventilation was usually
dependent upon unaided natural forces. Appalling were
the disasters that took place in Fayette County mines,
and at Youngstown in I884.expenses are $243,355. The cost of material is $I89,504,
and the value of production $3,249,890.  The city is
compactly built and is a homelike as well as a thoroughly
hustling business town. It is abreast the times in every
particular of city and domestic necessity.
Oil City is one of the two energetic cities of Venango
County.  Its population is nearly if not quite I5,ooo
people. Like Titusville, it had its origin and inceptive
strength in the strenuous elder day of oil development.
It has inherent strength, however, of its own, and the oil
was only necessary to its birth and christening. It is full
of good churches, school houses, public buildings and
good citizens who are interested in its advancement and
material strength.  It has 37 manufacturing concerns
whose capital is over $4,600,000. About 1,700 employees
work in these plants, and these receive $958,5I4 annually.
Finished products are worth $3,217,208.
Franklin, county seat of Venango County, is as well
known in Pennsylvania as it is prettily located.  Its
present population is close to 8,ooo people, and its friends
think the coming decennial census will give it all of
Io,ooo souls. Its manufacturing interests are not as large
and as abundant as those of other county capitals, but
there are a great many in the city and some of them are
very pretentious concerns. The business and commercial
standing of Franklin is inferior to very few of even the
largest counties in the state.  Its oil interests are very
large and important, and its various oil products and
by-products find sale all over the world.  Its private
residences, clubs and all of its public buildings, churches
and school houses are of the finest.  The wealth and
culture of its people and their standing at home and
abroad are well-known facts.
DuBois, the metropolis of Clearfield County, is not
so old as it is strong and influential in all modern interior
county meanings. It gets its name and nominal distinction from the late John DuBois, the lumberman, who
founded and did so much for his namesake. Its population has been doubling each census, and the next one is
not expected to furnish an exception. At present there are
more than ten thousand people residents of the city. It
boasts of 34 plants of various kinds. These give work
to more than I,IOO people. The aggregate capital is in
excess of $3,28I,457, and the value of the productions is
$2,607,073. As is usual in yotung cities in Pennsylvania,
the improvements, public and private, are up to modern
prescription.  The population takes great pride in the
architecture of buildings of all classes, and it requires
only a superficial glance to see how well they have carried
out their ideals.
Punxsutawney, with its five thousand population, lies
well into the southwest of Jefferson County and does
business with and for the thousancds of business people
in the half dozen surrounding counties. It has benefited
by the railway construction that has been so general in
its vicinity, and its interests have been augmented by the
coal and lumber development consequent upon this construction. Farm lands have also increased all around it.
The general result has been that both mercantile and
manufacturing schemes have sprung up to the advantage
of the city. It has all of the present-day conveniences
and comforts, and many of the urban luxuries.
Reynoldsville, another Jefferson County small city,
has 4,000 people living in fine houses in a beautiful city
that is going forward along modern lines of every
description.
MINING COAL BY COMPRESSED AIR2 IS  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
goods are pronounced of the very highest grade and are
well known to power users the world over. For a comparatively new concern to command a world-wide market for its product in a few years is an exemplification
of business pluck and energy characteristic of the environment in which the officials of this company were
trained. It is what they set out to do, and their success is taken as a matter of course. A member of the
company said:
"This concern started in business in a very small
way and hs grown to its present proportions within a
verv few years with an extremely favorable outlook
for th future. In fact its present mnufacturing facilities are taxed to their fullest capacity, and, owing to the
difficulty in securing ground for future extension in its
present location, it is now considering the construction
of a larger factory outside of the city where there is
plenty of room for expansion. It is expected within the
next twelve months that its new factory, which will be
several times the capacity of the present one, will be in
operation."
Besides the office and f actory in Homewood this
company has branch offices in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and San Francisco.
THE PITTSBURGH VALVE, FOUNDRY 
CONSTRUCTION    CO.  A   strong  concern,  firmly
established and possessed of a most excellent reputation,
a corporation that ranks as one of the largest and best
in its line of business, is the Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry
 Construction Co.
In successfully fulfilling the exacting demands of
industries in the Pittsburgh district, the company is making thousands of outlets for its trade.  As a designer
and builder of valves, fittings and appliances for the installation of steam, gas, water, air and hydraulic piping,
and as a dealer in pipe, pipe fittings and supplies, the
Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry  Construction Co. does an
enormous business.
Its manufacturing facilities give it a variety of advantages. But no small portion of the success the company has achieved is due to its recognition, at the outset,
of the fact that strength, endurance and accessibility constituted the kernel of the valve problem. To obtain for
its valves the desired qualifications, the company subjected its products to destructive hydrostatic tests.  Enlightened by what was ascertained from these exhaustive
experiments, it created a great variety of patterns, all of
which were repeatedly and thoroughly tested. Primarily
these painstaking efforts were not made to secure valves
that would sell easily and readily. The object in view
was to cletermine absolutely what was best and most
advantageous in valve construction. At length was
fixed upon a series of models that would endure service
- and pressure much more severe than ever coulcl be required in actual use. Each and every valve manufacVALVES AND ENGINE SPECIALTIES
THE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT
MAKE IT THE GREATEST MARKET
An industry doing an annual business of from
$6,500,000 to $6,500,000 in the Pittsburgh district is the
valve and engineers' specialties line.  And in this Pittsburgh is credited with a distinctive success, for, while
it is said that only about 20 per cent. of such specialties
used in this territory are a Pittsburgh product, all of
the heavier work of this kind is almost entirely a Pittsburgh product. Valves and specialties needed for big
mill and factory work anywhere are generally bought
here. Besides, the industrial activities of the Pittsburgh
district make it the greatest market in this line in the
world.  Sales of steam specialties run higher in New
York City, but the metropolis is not to be considered
with Pittsburgh in the matter of home consumption.
Pittsburgh's energetic manufacturers in this industry are
zealously pushing the home product and leaving nothing
undone in the way of improving it, with a view o f at
least monopolizing their own market.
LIBERTY MANUFACT URING COMPANYProminent amnong the newer business concerns of Pittsburgh is one which makes the name of the Iron City not
only well known abroad, but a synonym for hustling
manufacturing enterprise and for the sterling quality of
its infinite variety of products. The company referred
to is the already well known Liberty Manufacturing
Company, whose general office and factory are located
at Dallas Avenue and Susquehanna Street in the Homewood district.
This company was organized as recently as I9OI, but
its business has already outgrown the limitations of the
Homewood plant, a record of success attributed to wise
business policy, fair treatment of all customers, co-operation of employers and employees, and the high quality
of the manufactured product. This company not only
takes commendable pride in its own production, but rejoices in the high standing of Pittsburgh's manufacturing interests and their output in general.
The Liberty Manufacturing Company is managed
and controlled by thoroughly capable men in all departments, while its employees are skilled workmen, each in
his particular line of work. W. S. Elliott is president
and treasurer; P. J. Darlington, vice-president and general manager, and A. K. Riley secretary of the company
which does an extensive business in the manufacture of
steam specialties generally.  It employs about 1OO men,
and has $I50,000 invested in the enterprise.
A partial list of the goods manufactured by this
company and which give it pronounced distinction includes valves, twin strainers for suction lines and condensers, oil filters, separators, fittings, tube cleansers,
feed-water regulators and special pneumatic tools.  Itstured by the company has possibilities far beyond any
demand that properly mnay be mlade upon it. The factor
of safety is always maintained.
Between valves that are lasting and dependable, and
valves made to sell at bargain counter prices, experienced
users will invariably choose the best.  They know that
they save money and avoid loss by doillg so.  A chain
can be no stronger than its weakest link, and one defective valve may disastrously impair the efficiency of an
entire system of pipage.  This is so evident, and the
superior merit of valves bearing the trade-mark of the
P. V. F. C. Company is so well demonstrated that the
company is constantly confronted with a steady and
increasing demand for its output.
In practically all the mills and furnaces of the principal steel plants of the United States, in many street
railway power houses, in numerous office buildings, in
fact almost everywhere throughout the country the company's valves  and specialties are used and appreciated.
Abroad, in Cuba and Mexico especially, the company
has an extensive trade.
Valve p r o m i s e s and
valve performances do not
always agree, but back of
the guarantee of the Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry  
Construction Co. is not only
the assurance of financial
responsibility, but also the
highest type of business integrity. And it may be said
that the work of the company never has been discredited.
At the time of its organization on November I,
I900, the Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry  Construction Co.,
now capitalized at $I,500,000, took over the plants and
business of the following well known concerns:
Atwood  McCaffrey, 108 to II8 Third Avenue;
Shook-Anderson Manufacturing Company, First Avenue
and Ferry Street; Pittsburgh Valve  Machine Co., Ltd.,
Smallman  Street, near Twenty-second  Street; pipefitting  department of Wilson-Snyder Manufacturiing
Company, Ross and Water Streets; A. Speer  Sons'
Foundry, Fifth Street and Duquesne Way.
The consolidation of the five plants secured for the
company not only the best of facilities, but a fine working organization.  Its plants are equipped in the most
approved manner, and its construction work is supervised
by men who have not only the requisite experience and
skill, but who can be trusted implicitly to see that nothing
defective either in material or workmanship enters into
the company's products.  In the several enterprises of
the company about 600 men are employed.
The officers of the company are: Joseph T. Speer,
President; Henry M. Atwood, Chairman of the Executive Board; Charles A. Andrews, Vice-President and
Treasurer; Samuel G. Patterson, Secretary and Auditor;
Charles R. Rhodes, General Manager, and James D.
Robertson, Sales Agent.
Officered and directed by capable, practical men,
whose school of experience has been the severe requirements of mill equipment in the Pittsburgh district, the
company, because of its especially competent management, is assured a lengthy continuance of its present
prestige and prosperity.
MACHINE TOOL AGENTS
INCREASED APPLICATION OF IMPROVED MACHINERY HAS
BROUGHT ABOUT GOOD TRADE CONDITIONS
Ten years' time has brought a growth in the machine
tool industry the like of which few industries anywhere
can boast of.  Pittsburgh
has been the center of the
m o s t encouraging  symptoms, and agents for machine tools in this territory
are enjoying the best voltime of business they have
known.  A  n u m b e r  of
things and  conditions are
contributing to the new era
in the tool trade, one big
feature being the greatly increased application of improved  machinery  in coal
mining, naturally bringing
about a greater demand for
machine  tools.  With  the
passing away of the recent
depression the sale of machine tools will much increase.
THE CHARLES G. SMITH COMPANY--This
company deals in high-grade machinery  for machine
shops, mannufacturing institutions, etc.  It occupies a
position in the trade seldom  achieved by an establishment that can lay claim to no great age, yet seven years
have been sufficient to erect on a bed-rock foundation
the structure of a volume of business at once immense,
yet exclusive in its kind of patrons.
In founding the business, Mr. Chas. G. Smith formulated well-defined  lines of policy  which  have  been
rigidly adhered to; namely, to offer nothing except the
very best machines obtainable; second, to sell to only
the best trade; third, to sell only such machines as best
suited the requirements.  This policy retarded development at first, until its influence forced recognition by its
practical results.  Then with rapid strides it has placed
the firm in such prominence as to now make it one ofthe leading houses in its line in the country with a national influence and acquaintance.  The firm has been
instrumental in introducing many new methods of manufacture to the trade, and by virtue of considerable pioneering work have improved methods and costs, thereby
materially h elpi n g the
growth  of many  of our
large manufacturiing institutions  and  assisting  in
many affairs of public interest. Its offices are in the
Park Building.
Charles G. Smith was
born September Io, I868, in
Pittsburgh. As a boy he
attended the grammar and
high schools of this city.
In 1884 he took a position
as office boy at Mackintosh,
Hemnphill  Co. At the beginning of I887 he was engaged by the A. Baird Machinery Company as stenographer, having studied shorthand in the evenings. WVith
this firm he advanced through every position to the top,
resigning his position December 31, I899.  He established the business of the Chas. G. Smith Company in
I9oo rwithout a dollar to invest, intending to sell machine
tools. WVith much difficulty he managed to pay seven
dollars per month for desk room during the first year.
He secured an agency for emery wheels, and found that
to make it successful it would be necessary to follow new
lines from the other salesmen, and appreciating the fact
that there were then very few in the country familiar
with the practical requirements of emery wheels, he
"put on overalls" and for
three years studied practical
grinding.  The knowledge
thus obtained has given the
company a prestige th at
caused the business to increase in multiples. He is
married and belongs to the
several social and business
clubs of the city.
Albert WV. Smith was
born September 13, I870, in
Pittsburgh. In I886 he took
a position with Dithridge
  Co., manufacturers  of
glassware, resigning Decenmber 3I, I9OI, to identify himself with the Charles
G. Smith Company, of which company he is at present
a member. He is married, and with Charles G. Smith
is a member of the First English Lutheran Church of
Pittsburgh.  He is also a member of a number of fraternal and social organizations.
OFFICE OF CHARLES G. SMAITHI- COMPANY. -..7......-..n.1..rT-,--          IF
I    l' wlF
I.  L.
OAL and gas form the Gibraltar Upon which
Pittsburgh has built its greatness at home
and spread its fame to every part of the
world. Pittsburgh is first among the world's
cities in tonnage, and coal and coke are first among the
things which make the city's tonnage the greatest in the
world.
The bituminous coal output of the Pittsburgh district
for the year 1907, estimated, is 5o,ooo,ooo tons, or 25
per cent. of the probable coal production of the United
States. The area in the Pittsburgh district underlaid
with coal is I4,000 square  miles, or 2,ooo square miles
greater than the entire coal-yielding territory o f Great
Britain, heretofore and still considered one of the greatest coal-producing centers in the world.
Coal and its kindred product, coke, both aided by gas,
have not only stripped the Pittsburgh field of the possibility of competition from the outside, but have given
the steel city a leverage upon which it has outdistanced
in the race for the world's business all cities claiming
to be industrial centers.  Cleveland and Buffalo, both
lake ports of great proportions and having all-water
access to the ore fields of Michigan and Minnesota, have
been unable to overcome Pittsburgh's advantages of coal
and gas. Pittsburgh thereby is able to haul the ore it
uses by water, right past Cleveland's door, and then by
rail across miles upon miles of land, and outstrip its
lake  competitors.  Chicago, with the  same  all-water
communication with the ore fields, and coal in plenty
in three nearby states and in its own state, has not been
able even to disarrange the crown of industrial supremacy securely poised upon Pittsburgh's head.
Pittsburgh's great growth as a coal-producing center
began with a yield of II,304,000 bushels, valued at the
ridiculously small sum of $565,200, in I837. Coal was
mined here as early as I8oo, but enterprise neglected
to see its value until 18I7, while in I8I8 the foundation
of the enormous river shipments of the present day was
laid when a few industrious Pittsburghers began shipping coal down the Ohio River to Cincinnati, Louisville,
St. Louis and New Orleans. One model barge carries
as much now as was shipped in a year at that time, and
it is an ordinary thing in times of a rise in the rivers
to send 2,ooo,ooo bushels of coal South in one day. In
1870 more bituminous than anthracite coal was produced
in Pennsylvania for the first time. The vast Westmoreland regions were opened in 1853, and that year inaugurated the first rail shipments East, these via the Pennsylvania Railroad.
In ten years production of coal in the Pittsburgh
district grew from I8,000,ooo tons ( in I897 ) to 50,000,ooo tons (in I907), an average increase in output of
over 3,000,ooo tons a year.
Coke was first introduced to Pittsburgh as a definite
proposition in 1813 by John Beal, an iron founder from
England, who came here and advertised in a local paper
that he could improve upon the habit then in force of
melting iron ore with  charcoal.  He volunteered  to
"convert stone coal into'coak.'" Beal soon became Beal
 Company, with a rather extensive asset in the form
of a foundry on the Monongahela River bank, and thus
one of the earliest of Pittsburgh's get-rich-quick personalities made his bow. Beal's idea furnished the groundwork for that portion of the Frick fortune that was
made in coke, and the Thaw and Rainey wealth drawn
from producing coking coal in the famous Connellsville
region in Fayette County. J. V. Thompson, with coking
coal possessions in Greene and southeastern Washington
221
Coal and Coke First Among Pittsburgh's Tonnage-14,000
Square Miles of Coal Underlie Her District-Gas and Oil
Vital Forces in the Unparalleled Growth of the Steel CityCounties, expects to duplicate the success of the other
three.  Pittsburgh coal is especially adapted to coking
purposes. Pittsburgh vein coal is an especially thick and
famous coal, besides having the overwhelming advantage
of being located convenient to Pittsburgh's great industries. The thick-vein seam reduces the cost of handling
in the process of converting into coke.
THE BLAINE COAL COMPANY-Probably no
individual coal company in Pittsburgh enjoys a larger
local trade than the Blaine Coal Company, and no Pittsburgh concern has greater prestige in the West and
Northwest where its product is in exceptional demand
as the best gas coal in the market.
Its properties consist of thousands of acres of the
best coal land in the wealthy mineral section of the country along the Pittsburgh  Lake Erie Railroad.  The
company enjoys the distinction of being the largest single
coal operation on this railroad, having both rail and
river tipples, and is
one of the  few  remaining large coal operations in the "second pool." Its product is the very highest grade of Pittsburgh  gas coal, the
products of but few
other mines b e i n g
equal to it in quality,
and none superior for
steam, gas or domestic purposes. By analysis it is shown to be
extremely high in the
carbons, and its extreme hardness makes
its shipping qualities for long distances apparent.  The
entire absence of many of the impurities so common to
other coals accounts for its high standing in the markets.
The output of the Blaine Coal Company is very
heavy, and this great capacity is due largely to its excellent equipment, every part of which is of the most
approved and up-to-date pattern.  Its plants are strictly
electric, the power furnished by its own generators,
engines and boilers. The coal is mined by electric cutting machines, and the best air for the mines is furnished
by huge fans, absolutely no gas being present in the
mines makes it both safe and attractive to miners. The
danger incident to this underground work has thus been
reduced to a minimum, converting the mines into wellventilated tunnels and promoting the welfare of the
miner in the way of personal protection.  This equipment represents an outlay of an immense amount of
money, but the greater facility in mining and shipping
it affords, as well as the trust engendered in its employees, compensate fully for the expenditure.
The Blaine Coal Company property is composed of
what was formerly the coal land purchased by Hon.
James G. Blaine more than a quarter of a century ago,
and held by him up until the time of his death.  His
estate disposed of this property to H. W. Oliver, and he
with his associates formed the Blaine Coal Company,
the development of which has been continuous and remarkably successful.
A scrutiny of the list of officers and directors of the
corporation is sufficient to guarantee the efficiency of
its management, all of them  being men of ripe experience and established reputation for business ability and
integrity.  In its alliance with the Pittsburgh  Westmoreland Coal Co., in both interests and management,
the success of each company is identical and assured.
The officers are:  President, H. A. Kuhn; Vice-President, H. O. Evans; Secretary, T. J. Crump; Treasurer,
John Jenkins.  The
general offices of the
company are located
in a finely equipped
suite of rooms in the
Fulton Building.
THE A. R. BUDD
COAL COMPANY
Some years ago,
when natural gas was
first utilized in the
Pittsburgh district as
a fuel for manufacturing  and  domestic
purposes, many
prophets of evil made
dire predictions foretelling the early and utter extinction of the local coal
trade.
With the disappearance of the continually diminishing supply of natural gas, the increased consumption of
coal should be large.  Producer gas, though manufactured from  coal, will aid to supply the needs.  It will
make a further inroad upon the supply of coal.  The
coal industry and its probable future is a very interesting
subject in all its phases. The geologist and engineer who
locates the coal, the initial steps in opening up the mine,
the making arrangements in tipple and mine, the carrier,
the railroad, the markets, production and consumption,
the different uses to which it is placed result to the benefit
of industry, and the comfort given to the world and its
people-all make a deep and valuable subject for consideration.
The A. R. Budd Coal Company, Inc., is one of the
best known independent coal companies of Pittsburgh,
and has an abiding faith in the coal supply.  It was orCOKE OVENSganized in 1901  by the late P. R. Budd, who came to
Pittsburgh f rom Cincinnati about eight years ago and
was president of the company at the time of his death.
The present officers are C. M. Budd, president, and A.
R. Budd, secretary and treasurer, the former having his
headquarters at Cincinnati, and the latter in the Conestoga Building, Pittsburgh.
THE CARNEGIE COAL COMPANY--The Carnegie Coal Company was incorporated in April, I90o,
immediately following the formation of the Pittsburgh
Coal Company, it being the first independent in the field.
The company began operations with one mine--now
it has three, located
respectively at Carnegie, Oakdale a n d
Primrose on the P.
C. C.  St. L. R. R.
Its capacity has increased  from  I,000
to 5,000 tons per
(lay. A capital stock
of $5oo,ooo, with a
surplus of $255,737.28, and profits
of $70,051.22 attest
the remarkable success of the firm-a
success due not only
to the excellence of
its product, which is
considered  the best
gas coal in the Pittsburgh  district,  but
also to the progressive yet conservative
management,  who
have direct personal
supervision  of  operation.  These officers, who  are also
the s t o c k h olders,
are: President, R. P.
Burgan; Vice-President, George M. Hosack; Secretary
and Treasurer, J. T. M. Stoneroad; General Manager,
J. H. Sanford.
R. P. Burgan was born in Cornwall, England, and
learned the trade of millwright.  Coming to America
in I864 to the Lake Superior country, he invested in
copper mines, which investment has lately proved financially successful.  He has at different times been engaged in the contracting and building business, in lumber
and planing interests, and was for years the head of a
private banking house at Carnegie, known familiarly
throughout the Chartiers Valley as "Burgan's Bank."
His remarkable business sagacity has led to his success,
and his geniality and democratic ways have won the
esteem and good will of his business associates and social
acquaintances.
J. T. M. Stoneroad is one of the younger men in the
coal business,  whose progressiveness and acumen has
had much to do with the success of the company. Graduating from the University of Wooster, he engaged for
a time in newspaper work on the Pacific Coast, where
also he was interested in a banking concern.  Coming
East he at once saw the business open to an independent
mining company, with the result stated above.
Jesse H. Sanford is well known as one of the most
able coal operators in the country, having devoted his
entire life to the industry.  His father,
N. F. Sanford, is a
veteran coal operator
and is now head of
the Pittsburgh Vein
Coal Company.
These two men have
owned and operated
numerous coal properties in this section
at various times. Mr.
J. H. Sanford has
been especially successful, his resourcefulness and business
alertness fitting him
for the position of
manager w h i c h he
holds so successfully
in the corporation.
THE GREAT
LAKES COAL
COMPANY - Because of the importance and extent of
its holdings and operations, the G r e a t
Lakes Coal Company must be included among the largest and most successful mining corporations of Pittsburgh.
The incorporators of the company were about the
first capitalists to appreciate what could be accomplished
through the development of a hitherto almost untouched
coal field.
Incorporated on March 31, I902, under the laws of
Pennsylvania, with a capital of $5,000,000, the company
was in a position to proceed advantageously from the
very beginning. Over 25,000 acres of the most valuable
coal land in Armstrong and Butler Counties were acquired, and mining operations commenced on an extensive scale. In the Sugar Creek Valley, near Kaylor, in2 24  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
Armstrong County, the company is operating the Kaylor,
the Barnhart and the Snow Hill mines; besides these it
has its Pine Run properties numbers I, 2 and 3. At present the daily production amounts to about 3, 500 tons,
but work now in hand will increase the output eventually
to upwards of 5,ooo tons a day.
The two veins worked are the "lower Freeport" and
the "lower Kittanning." Of its kind the coal is of excellent quality. Indeed, as the result of comparative
locomotive tests made in November, I 904, under the
supervision of W. G. Wallace, Superintendent of Motive Power of the Duluth, Missabe  Northwestern Railway Co., the Great Lakes Coal Company's "Kaylor
coal" was declared to be superior to either "Panhandle"
or "Youghiogheny" coal.
The work at the mines is carried on under very
favorable circumstances. About I, 500 men are employed. At the mines up-to-date machinery and the most
approved appliances for excavating and handling coal
economically are installed. To facilitate the marketing
of the coal mined by the company was built the Allegheny Valley Railroad. The first division of this line,
twenty miles in length, from Kaylor to Queen Junction, was constructed in I903. Later the railroad was
extended so far as Newcastle to tap the rich limestone
deposits of the "Hilltop district." Including the main
line, spurs and sidings, the Allegheny Valley Railroad
has about I 20 miles of track.
At Queen Junction most of the coal traffic of the
Allegheny Valley Line is transferred to the Bessemer
and Lake Erie Railroad. In the summer season especially the bulk of the Great Lakes Coal Company's output is shipped to Conneaut Harbor. From thence it is
distributed throughout the region of the Great Lakes.
The Michigan copper district, notably, is a large purchaser.
The officers of the company are Emmet Queen, President; Thomas Liggett, Vice-President and General Manager; A. H. Eames, Secretary and Treasurer, and J. E.
Collin, Auditor. On the directorate are: Thomas Morrison, A. R. Peacock, James S. Mitchell, Emmet Queen,
Thomas Liggett and E. H. Eames.
Strongly financed, well managed, possessing as it
does the cream of the coal properties in Armstrong and
Butler Counties, the company has before it an unusually
prosperous future.
HOSTETTER-CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY-No one industry in the Pittsburgh district is
more typical of the foresightedness of Pittsburghers than
the developing of coking coal, and no company more
quickly saw the possibilities in this field nor has done
more toward bringing it up to the highest point of perfection than the Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Company.
This company's name is synonymous with coke activities in the famous Connellsville region in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. The Hostetter-Connellsville
product is famous and is being used the world over,
while the manner in which the company houses its employees and its mine and oven operation generally put
it in the front rank of utilitarian industries.
The Hostetter-Connellsville Company was incorporated in July, I887, and is a manufacturer of 42-hour
furnace, and  72-hour foundry  coke.  The quality  is
recognized as the highest in the United States. Over
I,ooo men are employed at the company's mines and
ovens, which are situated at or near the towns of Whitney
and Hostetter on the Unity branch of the South West
Pennsylvania Railroad, Westmoreland County. City
offices are maintained in Pittsburgh, while operating
offices are located at Greensburg.
Affairs of this company were very much in the public eye early in November, I9o7, when one-half of the
stock of the company was disposed of to the H. C. Frick
Coal  Coke Co. The latter company thereby engineered
a clever deal, for the Hostetter-Connellsville Company
had been one of the older and larger company's principal
rivals in the coke field for years.  The stock secured
was that belonging to George I. Whitney, one of the
most astute authorities on coke in the country, and a man
to whom that industry owed much of its great development. The purchase price in the transaction by which
the Frick Company secured control of its principal competitor was not given out at the time it was closed. However, it is said Mr. Whitney was once offered$2,000,000
for his holdings and turned the offer down.
The transfer of this property was the biggest single
coke transaction made in years. The deal is said to have
been made on the basis of 20 per cent. in cash, and the
remainder in notes. Frick officials immediately assumed
charge of the company's operations.
The Hostetter-Connellsville mines are located in what
is known as the "old Connellsville basin," as distinguished from the newer districts of the same region
which have been more recently developed. Coke produced from the coal mined in the "old basin" has a hard
and cellular structure, giving it a greater burden-bearing
strength in the furnace. The increased yield of iron
from its use, and its higher quality on account of freedom
from sulphur and other impurities have given this product a distinctive value. The superiority in this respect is
so fully recognized by the trade, and the demand from
users who have demonstrated the most economical practice has increased to such a degree that Connellsville
"old basin" coking coal commands a high premium over
all other similar products in the world.
The proof of the great demand for Connellsville
"old basin" coking coal is furnished by the enhancement of the market value acreage held there. Prices of
this property have undergone a tremendous change in the
past fifteen or twenty years. In I890, for instance, coal
lands in the old Connellsville district sold for $5oo anacre. At the present time a tract of 500 acres or more
could be readily marketed at $3,000 an acre.
What makes this enhancement in values more remarkable is the fact that it has been accomplished in the face
of extraordinary developings in other coking coal fields,
notably in West Virginia. The Hostetter-Connellsville
Company has more than held its own in competition
with good coke from newer fields, located in some instances at points nearer consumption. Distant consumers
cheerfully pay larger freight rates because of the more
economical and satisfactory  results from  using the
Hostetter-Connellsville product.
Order books of the company easily prove the great
volume of business it has done and the distant locations
to which it ships. The output of the ovens-those blazing beacons set close together, and which tell the stranger
he is nearing Pittsburgh-is about I,700 tons a day. The
product is shipped
to all parts of the
United  States,
Canada and Mexico.
P r o g ress in
Pittsburgh industries has been a
romlance throughout, and nowhere
1more so than in
the coke industry.
T h e  HostetterC o n n e  11 s ville
Company derives
its nanme frotn the
first owner of the
property, Dr.
David Hostetter.
Even in the early
days when he applied his business
sagacity he recognized that there was a great future
for the coke industry.  His rare business foresight led
him  to accumulate large contiguous holdings.  These
he afterward disposed of, but it is a matter of history
that he did not let this valuable land leave his hands
without realizing that he was making a sacrifice. It may
be that he deeply regretted it afterward; at least it is
known that he believed at the time he was acting contrary to the dictates of his own business instincts.
Dr. Hostetter sold his holdings in I886 to George I.
~Whitney, president of the company and principal stockholder at the time the property was bought in by the H.
C. Frick Coal  Coke Co. In making the deal with Mr.
Whitney, Dr. Hostetter regretfully remarked:
"If I were twenty years younger nothing could induce me to part with this property, for the day will come
when Connellsville coke lands will prove more profitable
to the owner and more valuable in sustaining the incdustries of westeren Pennsylvania than a gold mine."
Yet Mr. Whitney himself disposes of the property
two decades later. However, it can be assumed that he
did so at a price amply displaying his own judgment
of what the property was worth.
For, like Dr. Hostetter, Mr. Whitney had a high
opinion of Connellsville coking coal lands, and with his
associates immediately proceeded to develop the property.
This development for a time was attended by some discouragements, inasmnuch as it was accompanied by the
financial and industrial depression of I893-97, a period
which tested the courage and resources of the strongest
and most optimistic.
The  Hostetter-Connellsville  Coke  Comlpany  is
scarcely less famous for its product than it is for its
treatment of employees.  In this respect the company
has a national reputation. The town
of Whitney, established  by  the
company in connection with its
industry, i s by
common  consent
acknowledged to
be the model mining town of the
U n i t e d States.
Operators f r o 1
other States, and
even foreign manufacturers  w h o
h a v e visited the
town, marvel over
its appearance of
coimfort and neatness.  Invariably
they declare the
town is in striking contrast to the usual environment and
general appearing of a mining or coking town.  The
economic advantage of modern conveniences, however,
is manifested in the character of the workmen attracted
to Whitney.  Like its product, the management and
practice, with the resultant efficiency, constitute the highest standard in the trade.
The officers of the company at the time of the last
transfer of the property were:  President, George I.
Whitney; Treasurer, A. C. Knox; Vice-President, H. H.
Robinson; General Manager, James Marshall.
Consolidated with the Frick Company, the Hostetter
Company strengthens that larger company in no small
degree. The combined companies will exercise a domination of the coke field that is hardly to be questioned.
Mr. Frick is among the first men who saw the value of
Connellsville coke, and has since been one of the most
COKE SCENE, CONNELLSVILLE DISTRICTpersistent operators there.  His latest acquisition gives
him an impregnable position in coke circles, a position
he had made almost impregnable heretofore.
Important as these two companies, separated, have
been in the past, now that they are united a still greater
future awaits them. The United States Steel Corporation, a continual user of coke in enormous quantities, will
be the consolidated company's star customer. The business clone with that company alone is sustaining.  The
consolidation means a continuation of the wise policy
adopted by both comlpanies, that of developing their
property to the highest point of efficiency and getting all
out of the product that it is possible to get. Extensions
wvill surely come, as both companies had not ceased to
acquire new coking coal lands whenever possible.  All
in all the otitlook for the
future of the mnerged companies seemns particularly
bright.
ENOCH A. HUMPHRIES   Enoch A. Humphries, of Scottdale, Pennsylvania, was born at Bilston, Stafforclshire, England,
April 21, 1852.  He is the
son of R. R. Humphries
and Ann Humphries.  His
1nother, who is still living,
is a de s c e n d a n t of Sir
Tholmas Gray, who gave to
London the best hospital
that city ever had as evinced
by the reports of that institution,  the  Sir  Thotmas
Gray's Hospital.
In I868 the family emigrated to America, arriving
in Pittsburgh in September
of that year. The subject of
this sketch then started in the mining business.  With
a short recess at music-teaching until I874 he has been
in that business ever since. He removed to Scottdale at
that time, and had charge as superintendent of some of
the largest of the H. C. Frick Coke Company's mines,
at the samie time being an independent operator in the
early development of the Connellsville coke industry.
He has been actively engaged in the coke business for
many years, both in Connellsville and West Virginia,
and at the present timne is opening up a new coke plant
near Bradensville, Pa. He is president of the Chiefton
Coal Co. of West Virginia, owner of the E. A. Humphries Coke Company of Vana Mills, Pa., and president
of the E. A. Humphries Coal  Coke Co. near Bradenville, Pa.
He is a member of the various Masonic bodieslodge, chapter and commandery. For twenty-five years
he has been actively connected with the Methodist Episcopal Sunday School of Scottdale, and organist of the
chlurch.
THE HUSTEAD-SEMANS COAL  COKE CO.
-The Hustead-Semans Coal  Coke Co. was organized
July 23, 1903. Although comparatively a young concern, yet in the brief period of its existence it has built
up a splendid reputation and trade. It has the benefit of
an extensive business in all parts of the United States,
and a large export trade in Canada and Mexico. This
company is a huge coke-manufactutring concern, owning
over nine hundred acres of coal land, almost three hundred of which is improved. It has a capital of $500o,ooo,
and its employees numnber
two hundred.  Thle mines
and works are in East Millsboro, Fayette County, Pa.,
its shipping facilities are of
the best, having both railroad (via the  iononogahela
Railroad, the P. R. R. and
the P.  L. E. R. R.) and
river connections.
Its product is a highgrade foundry and furnace
coke, well and  favorably
known by consumers and
producers. The members of
the company, having been
identified with the iron, coal
and coke business for over
thirty years, became satisfied as to the future of the
coke industry and conclude(l
to invest a large capital in
the business, which resulted
in the  formation  of the
Hustead-Semans C o a 1 
Coke Co. Its nmain office is at Uniontown, Pa., and the
officers are as follows:  J. MI. Hustead, president; A.
M. Hustead, vice-president; J. E. Hustead, secretary;
I.'W. Semnans, treasurer.
Captain J. M. Hustead, the president of the company,
spent a numlber of years of his early life with the
veteran iron miaster F. H. Oliphant, in whose emlploy
he was at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion.
He gave up his position and joined the Union army, in
which he served until he was lnustered out in I865 after
an honorable and 1eritorious service. He then engaged
in the wool and cattle business, whlich he followed until
1873, Twhen he became identified with the Dunbar Iron
Company as mnanager of their store.  He continued in
the 1lercantile business in Dunbar until I902, the last
ten years of that titne under the name of Hustead 
ENOCH A. HUAMPHRIEST H E   S T  R Y   O F   P  I T T S B'U R G H    2 27
Semans. He was also the head of the general departiient stor-e of Htistead, Se1lian1s  Co., inl Un-iontown1,
Pa., f roni i 886 to 1902.  Inl tlae  ljeanltinle hle mnade a
nuzmber- of juldiciotis in1vesttijenlts inl coal lailcds thaat nlettedl
hlit-i hlandsomle r-esults, whlichl, touether- withl his presenlt
haoldings, classes haiml as one of thae wealthay citizetis of hais
I. W. Semans, the treasurer of the company and
equal owner with Mr. Hustead, has been associated with
the latter for the past thirty-two years in various successful enterprises. Of late years, however, he has identified himself more particularly with the purchase and
sale of coal lands in this and adjoining counties.
A. M. Hustead, the vice-president and general manager, and J.E. Hustead, the secretary of the company,
are both Sons of Capt. J. M. Hustead, and are identified
with the operation of the plant. They are both young
men of undoubted ability and will be heard from in the
industrial world at no very distant date.
THE IRON CITY COAL  COKE CO.- was
established in 1902; it is producer and shipper of coal
and coke, with mines as follows: Youghiogheny, Panhandle, Pittsburgh No. 8, Ohio, Bessemer and Lake
Erie, Cambridge, Hocking, West Virginia, Pocahontas,
Cambria smokeless smithing, Connellsville furnace, foundry and crushed coke.
Their general offices are in the Wabash Building,
Pittsburgh.  The  members of the company are G. C.
Bradshaw, president; G. W. Wilson, vice-president; M.
S. Moore, treasurer-; F. A. Wvinalis an(l S. A. Car-son,
sales auents of thae coke clepartlinent.
The company owns and operates a coke plant in the
Connellsville coke region, and ships furnace, foundry
and crushed coke. Also handles exclusively the coal outputs of the Pittsburgh  Southwestern Coal Co., the
Penobscot Coal Company, Hallston Coal  Coke Co.,
besides having outputs in Ohio and West Virginia.
JAMISON COAL  COKE CO.-Few industrial
enterprises have witnessed in comparatively recent years
such remarkable development as the coal and coke business of the Connellsville Coke Region. Greensburg, Pa.,
is the gateway to this region, the teritory of which is
underlaid with the famous vein of Connellsville coking
coal.
This field of coal extends from a point near Latrobe,
Westmoreland  County, in  a  southwesterly  direction
across Westmoreland and Fayette Counties, a distance
of about forty miles, to a point near the West Virginia
line.  It contains about 88,ooo acres, of which 59,ooo
acres are yet unmined. It is about half a mile wide at
the narrowest point, and three miles in width at the
widest. This does not include the lower Connellsville
region, in which development was started in I899. The
boundaries of this field are somewhat indefinite, bult may
be said to be the Monongahela River on the West and
South; the National Road on the North, and the Eastern
outcrop. While the growth of the Connellsville coke
region has been plain in comparatively recent years, the
history of the first attempts at coke-making in the district and their results is somewhat obscure, but a study
of the meager sources of information at hand show that
the history of the development of this region is also a
history of the coke industry in the United States. It is
said in French's History of the Manufacture of Iron in
the United States that coke was made in this country
prior to the Revolution for the manufacture of pig iron,
but there is nothing to bear out this statement.
Greensburg is the home of the principal officers of
such well known concerns as the Jamison Coal  Coke
Co. and others. The great growth of the business is
aptly illustrated by this company in the f act that its
estimated annual output of coke is now over Io00,ooo
tons more than the total output of Westmoreland County
according  to the census of I880, and nearly two-thirds
as much as the - total in Fayette County for the same
vear. The company's coal production is 2,500,000 tons
annually.
The Jamison Company was established in 1892, for
the mining of bitumuminous coal and the manufacture of
coke. Its capital stock is $3,750,ooo, and it employs 2,500
men at its  mines and ovens at Luxor, Hannestown,
Forbes Road and Winthrop, Westmoreland County. Its
main office is in the Frick Building Annex, Pittsburgh,
while the office of the operating department is in the
Barclay Building, Greensburg.
Both coal and coke as produced by the company
have a high reputation in the market. The coal is especially valuable as a steam coal for railroad locomotives,
while the "Jamison" coke is a strikingly high-grade fuel
for smelting ore and for all metallurgical purposes.
The officers of the company are: John M. Jamison,
president; W. W. Jamison vice-president;'Thomas S.
Jamison, general superintendent; Chas. M. Jamison, secretary; M. W. Head, treasurer, and W. A. Johnston,
general sales agent.
KEYSTONE COAL  COKE CO.--In the industrial history of Westmoreland County no concern holds
a prouder or more prominent place than the Keystone
Coal  Coke Co. The minor concerns which go in to
make up this big, concern were pioneers in the development of the great Greensburg basin, and very active in
the development of the Irwin and Yough River fields.
With the steady and healthy increase in the development
and production of this region came the necessity for
consolidation of smaller companies in order that the expense of operation could be minimized and better transportation facilities afforded.
So, in March, 1902, the Keystone Coal  Coke Co.
was incorporated. Eight companies were included inRidgway, far up in the Elk County hills, has a growing idea of itself, and is trying hard to realize ideals. It
is pretty near the 4,ooo-mrark in population.  It has
excellent railway facilities. It is doing quite a fair manufacturing and a large mercantile and banking business.
It has all of the externals of beauty peculiar to an inland
town, and in every possibility is trying to better conditions.
Cannonsburg, the ancient lhome of old Jefferson College and primnitive Presbyterianisl, finds its youtlh renewed in mixing malnufacturilng with its denomlinationalism, and, incidentally, very profitable. The loss of the
college has never quite had its sentimental comnpensation,
blut the findl of the factory lhas been largely reme(lial.
The stability of population, the excellence of the old
Scotch-Irish stock, have mnade thlis a commnunity s ii
geeris.  It is even older than the county, and until oil,
coal and gas conmbined to cosmopolitanize conditions, it
was the strength of the county. It is still a city of good
schools and 1nany churclies as well as good people and
plenty of them. A tin-plate mnill and several otlier plants
give the working people emnploymnent.  The old college
is used as an academy.  The Chartiers branch of the
Panhandle road gives ample facilities for the transportation of its products and receipt of freighlt.
Donora is the youngest and perhaps the largest of
the Monongahela River cities in Washington County. It
has miore than ten thousand people and is growing rapidly. One of the largest plants of the United States Steel
Corporation is the nucleus around which the city has
grown.  The youth of Donora has made it impossible
to assemble actual statistics concerning its manufacturing
and colnmercial conditions. It has both the Monongahela
River and the Monongahela branch of the Pennsylvania
road as sliipping media.  The social, educational and
religious facilities are of the best.
Charleroi, just above Donora, is a young andc vigorous
manufacturing   city of about 9,ooo people.  Glass and
iron and steel specialties are the principal manufactures.
Many large school houses and some of the best churches
in Pennsylvania have been built in this city. The idea
upon which the towln of Charleroi had its start originated
with the late James S. AMcKean, whose father owned the
farm upon which it is built. Mr. McKean took hold of
the scheme with characteristic vigor, and the flourishing
city is the result.
Monongahela is the oldest city in Washington County.
It was a city long before Washington, and although it is
still one it has not kept pace with its younger competitors
in the matter of population and civic growth.  It is a
very strong municipality, however. Its banks are among
the best in the state, and as a residence desideratum  it
has few equals anywhere. Its historical interest and its
prolllinence for more than a hlundred years give it an
enviable place in the state and Imunicipal traditions.the merger.  In the Greensburg basin these were the
Greensburg Coal Company, the Carbon Coal Company,
the Salem Coal Company and the Hempfield Coal Company. In the Irwin field the merger included the Claridge
Gas Coal Company, the Arona Gas Coal Company, the
Madison Gas Coal Company, and the Sewvickley Gas Coal
Company.
This is one of the largest consolidations of mining
interests that ever took place in Pennsylvania.  The
merged companies represented 9,ooo acres of Pittsburgh
vein of coal, and.3,000 acres of still undeveloped Freeport coal.
While the Keystone Company does not make a specialty of coke-making, it has
two big coke plants in operation. These are at Salem
and Carbon. The Carbon
plant is equipped with a
crusher, and its product is
used both for domestic purposes and for the smaller
manufacturers.  The Salem
plant, with a big battery of
ovens, sells its coke in the
general market.
Since  the  organization
of the Keystone Company,
four new mines have been
opened, the KIeystone Shaft,
the Hunker Mine and the
Hempfield Nos. 2 and 3
mines. The company now
has fifteen mines in steady
operation and employs 5,000
men.
In the coal business, production sounds the keynote
of prosperity. The report of
Chief Roderick, of the Department of Mines, just completed, shows that the output of the Keystone Coal 
Coke Co. during the year
I9o6 was 3,731,390 tons. It is estimated that the production in I907 will have been in excess of 4,000,000
tons. This is a big increase over the previous year, and
is the high-water mark of production in the Greensburg
regions. This mammoth production is the result of a
year of unprecedented prosperity, during which all miners were busy, and when a scarcity of labor was felt in a
number of instances. Labor scarcity is a red-fire sign
of prosperity in these busy industrial times.
The most modern mining methods have been irftroduced by the Keystone Coal  Coke Co. At Keystone
and Salem mining machines are used in considerable
number. In the transportation of coal underground the
comnpany has kept pace with the most modern developments.  Electric and compressed  air motors are used
in several of the mines, while in others the rope-haulage
system is used. The mule, the pioneer haulage system in
coal mining, has about outlived his usefulness, except
where a short haul is necessary to reach the trunk lines
of motor trains.
The company also uses all three methods of taking
out their coal-shaft, slope and drift.
More than thirty years ago the first coal development
in the Greensburg basin was started by Hon. Geo. F. Huff
and General Richard Coulter, operating under the firm
name of Coulter  Huff.  The old drift opening, just
south of Greensburg, is the
o r i g i n al Coulter  Huff
mi i n e.  Messrs. H u f f 
Coulter have been continually in the coal business since
that time and have figured in
every important deal in the
development of the region.
When the big Keystone Coal
 Coke Co. was formed they
were large factors in the
merger.
The directors of the Keystone Coal  Coke Co. are
as follows: Hon. George
F. Huff, Robert K. Cassatt,
Col. L. B. Huff, E. M.
Gross, Richard C o u 1 t e r,
Alexander Coulter and Robert Pitcairn, Jr. Hon. George
F. Huff is president of the
company; Richard Coulter,
Jr., secretary, and Col. L. B.
Huff, treasurer and general
manager.
During the past five years
the Keystone Coal  Coke
Co. has enjoyed  unprecedented prosperity. No
strikes nor labor troubles
have at any time interfered with the steady operation of
its mines.  Its 5,ooo employees are peaceful, happy and
prosperous.  The men are good for the mines, and the
mines are good for the men.
The Greensburg and Irwin coal averages from six to
eight feet in thickness, with slate at both the top and
bottom. In some places it reaches the extreme thickness
of Ii feet. This makes it possible to "bear in" at the
bottom  and shoot the coal down.  Under these concditions it is possible for the miners to get out a greater
tonnage than at any other point in the bituminous district.
The mines in the Greensburg basin are free from
HON. GEORGE F. HUFFT.H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B3 U R G H   2 29
gases of all kinds, and no explosions of any kind have
ever occurred in any of the mines of the Keystone Company. This feature alone makes the region especially
desirable for miners.
Following its policy of being most careful in the
selection of men to work the mines, the Keystone Coal
 Coke Co. has made some innovations in the care of its
employees. Its houses are good, comfortable dwellings,
and the superintendents insist that the houses be kept in
good condition. This is responsible for many of the
mining villages being models of neatness and thrift.
The practice of the company in caring for all employees who are injured, or who are unfortunate on account of sickness, is well known to the population of the
entire vicinity, and on this account there is seldom difficulty experienced in securing a sufficient number of men
to fully operate the mines.
The company owns a large number of individual cars
as well as much railroad trackage throughout the entire
region.
LEWIS-FINDLEY COAL COMPANY-Coal was
the first mineral utilized in Pittsburgh's earliest industrial endeavor and will abide for generations yet to come,
notwithstanding the prophets of evil. The triumphant
song of Pittsburgh's trade supremacy could not well be
heard without Old King Coal's voice in the grand chorus.
For such a grimy subject even poets and orators have
sounded the praises of coal as a predominant influence in
local achievement. One of these said recently:
"Viewed from Coal Hill, where Washington stood
over I50 years ago, a great city lies at your feet. In it
there originates more tonnage annually than in any other
city on the globe. It is a veritable hive of industry, the
workshop of the continent, the tool chest of the nation,
the dynamo of much of the power that moves the material forces of the world. Yonder are the great business
blocks scraping the clouds, and the temple of justice, a
fitting monument alike to the great mind that conceived
it and to the cause f or which it was constructed. And
yonder is the magnificent library, the gift of a man who.
as a boy walked the streets of Pittsburgh barefooted.
In the distance are the factories with their'smokestacks
piercing the clouds and blackening the very heavens with
their breath.' And away yoncler in the valley I can see
the fturnaces that look with an eye of fire toward heaven
by clay alnd point witli a pencil of light to the zenith by
night; ancl the shops where the rattle of mnachinery ancl
the thucl of the triphamnmer chaiit thaeir anthaem of labor
clay in ancl clay outt."
A striking instance of success in the coal tradeo -istha
exemplified by thae Lewis-Finclley Coal Company, composed of W. A. Lewis, president; L. W. Dalzell, secretary; B. W. Lewis, treasurer, and G. B. Findley, vicepresident and general manager. While the company is of
recent organization, having been formed in March, I904,
it has been aggressive and progressive, but prudently
conservative in claiming a share of Pittsburgh's great
coal industry. It operates its own mines independently,
employing for this purpose some 350 men, and capital to
the amount of $300,000.
This company has been producing 4oo,ooo tons of
coal annually from its mines on the P. C. C.  St. L.
railway, but by the opening of No. 2 mine recently, the,
product was increased I,500 tons daily. It is wiclely
recognizecl as a fine fuel coal.
The offices of the company are at Nos. I505 to I508
in the new Machesney Building on Fourth Avenue.
MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED
COAL  COKE CO.-The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co., the queen of inland waterways shipment from Brownsville to the Gulf of Mexico,
has been a factor in building up the city's great growth
and in spreading its f ame that is second only to the iron
and steel business. Even its great capital of $30,000,ooo does not adequately give an idea of what this immense river coal combine amounted to in the past, is doing at present, or plans f or the f uture. It is more than
a coal company, as it builds its own steamboats and
barges, maintains a sawmill to convert its own lumber,
operates docks and landings, loads ocean-going vessels
from its own river craft, and is a common carrier on the
rivers of freight other than that originated by itself.
Add to this the fact that the company has had past
and present the services of men whose names on a coal
company roster are equivalent to the sign sterling on
silver, and the whole would seem a group of achievements satisfying to any industrial enterprise. Not so
with Monon coal. Each year the company is invading
more and more fields reached only by rail shipments of
coal.
Originally a combination of coal companies doing
a purely river shipping business, the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal  Coke Co. now operates about half
a hundred mines, one-half of which are equipped with
tipples to load coal into both river barges and railroad
cars. It is no unusual sight to see trains and barges being loaded at one of the company's mines along the
Monongahela River at the same time. The fame of
Pittsburgh vein bituminous coal combined with the enterprise of the river coal combine has captured for Pittsburgh the river markets south of this city to the gulf.
Through its rail shipments, much of it in the company's
own private cars, coal is sent to the Great Lakes and
thence into Canada, the West and Northwest.
All of which a development of less than nine years,
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co.
being organized June 9, I899. The capital stock was
$30,O00,000, one-third preferred and two-third common
stock, and $Io,ooo,ooo in bonds, reduced each year thereafter, were created.To Col. J. B. Finley, a banker at Monongahela City,
and a man familiar with river conditions, is credited the
suggestion of combining a number of the stnaller river
coal companies then operating into one colnpany. However, it was a time of consolidation, a thing, too, which
seemed especially urgent amnong river interests, to facilitate shiptnents, handling as a unified force the great
amount of equipment necessary in these shipments, and
because the coal operators divided were dealing with an
organization of their emnployees at a disadvantage.
The first president was Col. Finley, succeeded by
Francis L. Robbins, who in turn was succeeded recently,
Jan. I6, I9o8, by George W. Theiss. The older officers
and directors at the outset were: Secretary, George W.
Theiss; Treasurer, (George
I.  Whitney.   Directors:
Messrs. F i n 1 e y, Theiss,
Whitney, H. C. Fownes, S.
S. Brown, Hugh Moren,
August J utt e, John A.
Wood and R. H. Boggs.
Messrs. Finley and Theiss
are the only original m1embers now on the board of
the company, additions latterly made to the directorate including A. W. Mellon,
John A. Bell, David B.
Oliver, D. Leet Wilson and
J. D. Lyon, and Alexander
Dempster and Frank Semple, named in I9o8, to succeed Francis L. Robbins
and George I. Whitney.
Francis L. Robbins, recently relieved of the presidency, is one of the most
widely known coal operators in the country.  He
was veritably born among
coal, his father being a pioneer in this vein district
who early secured valtlable coal holdings in Washington
County, centering chiefly at Midway, near McDonald, on
the Panhandle Railroad. Mr. Robbins went to the tipple
and learned the coal business before he took up a course
at Cornell University. Eventually taking charge of his
father's large possessions he soon became one of the
most influential factors in Pittsburgh coal circles. Mr.
Robbins early recognized the value to the operators of
cordial relations with unions of employees. He was instrumental in  establishing  the Interstate  agreement
through which operators in the competitive districts of
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois met with representatives of the miners every other year and decided
upon wage scales.  As president of the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co. he bent his energies
toward extending its field, in which undertaking annual
reports show him to have been very successful.
Calm  and always in complete control of himself,
George W. Theiss, who goes from vice-president to president of the river coal company, is the ideal type of the
systematic and successful business man.  His connection with the river coal business extends over a period
of years, he having entered it in I885 after a varied and
valuable experience in mercantile enterprises.  Associating himself with the well known river coal firm conducted
by Charles Jutte and his sons, Mr. Theiss soon became
financial man and manager for the business. The Juttes,
at the time the Monongahela Company was formed, handled a fifth of the river coal
shipping to Ohio and Mississippi River points, and
when the more ilnportant
companies were consolidated, Mr. Theiss becane the
trusted adviser of President
Finley.  He becatme secretary and general manager
and was elevated to the directorate of the company in
900oo. In I903 he was made
vice-president.  Mr. Theiss
has always been a power in
the river coal company, and
has a grasp of its enormnous
and  intricate  detail possessed by no other man.
The letters "R. C.,"
painted on all steamboats,
barges and other craft or
equiptment of the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal  Coke Co., are f amiliar in every navigable
s t r e a m connecting witlh
Pittsburgh.  The company
operates over eighty steamboats and 3,500 barges in the river trade.  The steamboats are of every size, including the massive Sprague,
the greatest of steamers plying the Ohio.  A  favorite
view of this boat shows her taking a tow of 56 coalboats
(large barges), containing 1,400,000 bushels of coal,
down the Mississippi River. The company has fourteen
docks distributed in various places to handle its enormous
shipments, while at all points of anchorage pumping,
caulking and other equipment necessary to keep the craft
in first-class order is maintained.
Extensive marine ways are owned at Elizabeth, Pa.,
for building and repairing boats; marine shops at Browns,
a river point within Pittsburgh, and a thoroughlly-fittedout sawmill at Monongahela City, Pa.  Harbors, sales
FRANCIS L. ROBBINST H E     S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    23I1
depots, etc., are held at Cincinnati, Cairo, Helena, Louisville, Luddington, Memphis, Greenville, Vicksburg,
Baton Rouge, Natchez, Donnellsville, New Orleans and
St. Louis, and depots in the principal cities are equipped
with elevators.
An illustration of the company's enterprise is the
installation of a plant perfectly equipped mechanically
for transferring coal from river barges to the bunkers
of ocean greyhounds at New Orleans.
The famous Pittsburgh coal, taken from mines near
the Monongahela River and valued for its gas and steammaking properties, is the company's product. This is a
bituminous coal and desirable through the high percentage of carbon and low percentage of ash, sulphur, phosphorus and other undesirable elements. It is used by
gas-generating plants in all large cities.
An idea  of the Monon Company's coal possessions may be gained by the statement that it owns
most of the coal land on either side of the Monongahela
River above Pittsburgh.  Though an enormous amount
of this coal has been mined, the company now owns
as much unminmed coal as when it first began business,
this fact due to a wise business policy that causes the
company to buy a new acre of coal every time an acre
it already owns is worked out.
Probably the richest vein of coal in this district, and
what is expected to be the coal of the future, is controlled by this company and remains practically untouched. This is the Freeport vein found at a depth of
600 feet.
All things considered it is no extravagant statement
to say that river coal has its best days to see. Rivermen
are growing more and more insistent for a shipping
stage of water in the Ohio River, the stream by which
Pittsburgh coal is sent south all the year around. When
the time comes that river shipments can be made every
day, the river coal trade will receive its greatest impetus.
As conditions exist to-day, months frequently elapse before there is a "rise" upon the crest of which coal can
be sent south.
There is no questioning the immense advantage in
economy of river shipping over shipping by railroads.
Experience has taught this to be true.
Confronted with frequent bottling up of its coal supply through low water, the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co. some years ago secured coal
tracts by which it hoped to meet emergencies by rail shipments. Locations were made at DeKoven, Ky., and the
company purchased the Corona Coal  Coke Co.'s holdings of 2o,ooo acres in Walker County, Ala. This property was sold later, President Robbins saying of this
sale in an annual report: "After an experiment of four
years it was found that these properties, being far distant from Pittsburgh, could not be as advantageously
operated in connection with our Pittsburgh properties
as might be desired, and your directors therefore availed
themselves of an opportunity to dispose of the stock of
-the Corona Company at an increase over its cost."
Monon coal success is due in no little manner to
the efficiency of its operating department and the enterprise of the sales department. From W. W. Keefer,
general manager of mines, down to the superintendent
of the smallest mine, the best men in their respective
lines are in the employ of the company. Mr. Keefer is
one of the best known coal men in the Pittsburgh district. B. S. Hammill, general sales agent, has had wide
experience in the shipping of coal by rail.  Big sales
agencies at Cleveland and Buffalo are conducted by men
entirely familiar with their duties.
With the determination to invade the rail shipment
field much original work fell to the lot of the sales department. New fields had to be conquered. To this
undertaking a corps of hustling men bended every energy,
until the praises of "Monon coal" and "river coal" are
being sung in innumerable markets the founders of the
concern never dreamned of invading
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke
Co. is a common carrier of various kinds of freight to
points on the lower rivers.  Steel products and manufactured articles are conveyed by the company and handled through its compactly organized and perfect-working freight department.
The company's financial statement for I906 showed
a  marked improvement over the previous year.  The
funded debt was reported decreased by $351qw,297.23,
While the decrease in current liabilities was $1,0501,740.79.
Coal production increased 31 per cent. or I,578,674 tons,
while gross earnings were reported increased 22.3I per
cent., and net earnings increased 132.73 per cent. The
total coal mined that year was 6,637,136 tons. The resources were placed at $45,453,595.07.
THE OLIVER  SNYDER STEEL CO. (Coal and
Coke)-"Men do not paint the lily white, neither do they
gild refined gold." Nor is it necessary, to those experienced in American steel-making, to laud the qualities of
Connellsville coke. Inasmuch as its product is includecl
in the best of the output of the Connellsville district, the
Oliver  Snycler Steel Co. of course is accorded advantageous recognition.
The limnited area from whlich is obtainecl thle coal
thaat m1akes thae best coke caused especial imnportance to
be attachled to thle ownershlip of a considlerabgle tract of
Connellsville coal lancl. Thle Oliver  Snycler Steel Co.
Operates one of thae finest properties in the Connellsville
field. Through its possessions and production, if for
no other reason, the company has achieved maq-ked suiccess.
Originally tlle scope of thae comnpany's operations inqcluclecl thle i-ianufacture of iron at-id steel. First calleci
thle Oliver Coke  Furnace Co., tlle bgusiness wvas establiShled ill I 89 Iby Hetnry W. Oliver, Davicl B.- Oliver,;P I T T S B U R G H
tric larries, coke-clrawing machines, ancl pumps hoisting
htinclrecls of gallons of water per minute a perpendicular
lift of 600 feet, are but part of the eqtuipment hanldledl
by workers whose olie object is to feed the 500 ovens
which produce daily I,200 tons of the finest quality coke.
The founders of the Orient Coke Company are men
who had previously been successful in other lines of
endeavor, and who engaged in the manufacture of coke
on a sound business basis. The men who guide the
affairs of the company to-day in an official capacity are
those who originally promoted and founded the organization. The names of all are familiar in Pittsburgh and
vicinity.
Mr. Julian Kennedy, famous in several countries as
an engineer and inventor, is president of the company.
Mr. Robert Bently, president of the Ohio Iron  Steel
Co., of Youngstown, O., and a director in numerous
industrial and financial organizations, is vice-president.
Mr. Ried Kennedy, of Homestead, Pa., financier, real
estate dealer, coal operator and president of the Monongahela Trust Company, is secretary and treasurer.
THE PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANYOf epoch-making importance has been the tremendous
growth of the coal trade in the Pittsburgh district during the past thirty years. To a large extent the prosperity of this part of the country is based on coal production.
Accessible coal deposits made possible the extraordinary
development of the iron and steel industry. The advantageous exploitation of adjacent coal fields caused
to be established in Pittsburgh and vicinity manufacturing enterprises that have become the greatest in the
world.
To the men who so successfully have brought about
the wonderful increase of the district's coal output is
due full credit for having helped mightily in lifting Pittsburgh from average mediocrity to industrial pre-eminence. In making acknowledgment of the services of
those who have contributed materially in this respect,
no tribute of praise would be quite just or complete that
did not contain suitable recognition of what has been
done by James Jones and his sons.
Success has been defined as the juxtaposition of opportuity and the riglht ii-an. In the light of what has
happenled, it can liot be asserted that opporttunities were
lacking in the Pittsburgh coal fielcls. Nor, considering
what they have achieved, can it be urged that the Joneses
did not have the judgment, the initiative, the courage and
the ability to take fair advantage of opportunities presented.
In 1858 a sailing vessel brought to Amnerica a shrewd
and energetic young Welshmnan namned Jamnes Jones.
What he had heard of the coal fields attracted him to
Pittsburgh. He came here with the determination to
succeed.
even in his most ambitious moments, he ever dreamed
232   T H  E   S T O R Y   O F
James B. Oliver and George T. Oliver. In April, I897,
the name of the corporation was changed to the Oliver
 Snyder Steel Co.
The Bessemer steel plant and the Edith furnace were
by the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co. sold to the American
Steel  Wire Co. in I899. In the same year the company also disposed of to the National Steel Company the
Rowena f urnace at New Castle, Pennsylvania. The
properties named are now included in the holdings of
the United States Steel Corporation.
For two years longer the company retained its interests in the ore properties of the Oliver Iron Mining
Company in the Lake Superior region. As well it held
a valuable block of stock in the Pittsburgh Steamship
Company, which controlled the Great Lake fleet of ore
carriers. But in I90I these substantial investments were
likewise acquired by the United States Steel Corporation.
Thereafter restricting its efforts to mining coal and
manufacturing coke, the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co. has
become in its chosen field noted, not only for producing
a superior quality of coke, but for the excellent manner
in which all of its affairs are managed.
The company's coal mines and coke works are located in the southwestern portion of the Connellsville
basin, at Oliver, Redstone Junction and Thaw Station,
all near Uniontown in Favette County, Pennsylvania.
Indicative of the extent of- its operations is the fact that
the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co. gives constant employment to I,II00 men. The capitalization of the company
is $I,6oo,000.
The general offices of the corporation are at South
Tenth and Muriel Streets, Pittsburgh. The officers of
the Oliver  Snyder Steel Co. are: George T. Oliver,
Chairman; Henry Oliver, President; John Jenkins, Secretary, and T. J. Crump, Treasurer. George T. Oliver,
Henry R. Rea, Henry Oliver, John C. Oliver and T. J.
Crump are the directors of the company.
In the Connellsville district the depletion incidental
to mining operations is more than made up by the rise
in value in coal lands. The steady and ever increasing
demand for coke of superior quality causes a constant
appreciation of coal properties. Thus, notwithstanding
its large coal output, even though the mined acreage be
considerable, there is as yet no real diminution of the
value of the company's fixed property.
THE ORIENT COKE COMPANY- While the
Orient Coke Company is a comparatively new corporation, having existed only since 1902, it is one of the pioneers in the lower Connellsville field. Its plant at Orient,
Fayette County, is modern in every respect, in equipment and in methods of operation. The four batteries
of boilers of 300 horse-power each, immense hoisting
engines, Westinghouse electric generators, ventilating
fan, air compressors, compressed air locomotives, electhat he would occupy in the coal trade a position so high
as the one to which he eventually attained. Three years
after his arrival he was married to Miss Anna Ivill. In
that year occurred the breaking out of the Civil War.
Though newly married, and comparatively a recent
comer to "the States," Jones promptly volunteered to
fight for his adopted country. In the Union army with
some distinction he served through the war; when mustered out he bore, in addition to an excellent reputation
as a soldier, the scars of honorable service.  In I866
his first son was born. In this narration family matters
are noted, not only because the Joneses in many respects
are a most notable family, but it was through their united
activity, because of the effective co-operation of father
and sons that such great results have been accomplished
and are so plainly evident to-day.
Jones' first experience as a coal operator began in
I878, when he leased from Judge Mellon the Osceola
mine. With the assistance of his son John, who, though
only a boy in years, in ability was equal to a man, he
operated the Osceola property successfully for two years.
In I88o, in partnership with W. L. Scott, of Erie, Jones
leased the Grant mines at Carnegie.  On disposing of
his interest in the Grant mines to his partner two years
later, Jones was able to buy a mine near Monongahela
City, which he named the Ivill, in honor of his wife.
His purchase proved to be a most judicious investment.
Increasing success procured additional opportunities. In
I889 Jones bought a half interest in the Catsburg mine
at Monongahela City and proceeded to organize the Catsburg Coal Company, Ltd.; this procedure resulted so
advantageously that within a year a half interest in the
Rostraver mine near Lock No. 4 had been secured by
Jones, and the organization of the Rostraver Coal Company was a fact accomplished. In I896 the varied interests of James Jones and his five sons were increased
by the purchase of the river business of T. M. Jenkins
 Co., and consolidated by the formation of the firm of
James Jones  Sons. The importance of the firm in
the trade was soon enhanced by the fact that it secured
contracts with some of the largest users of bituminous
coal in the country, such as the Carnegie Steel Company,
the Shoenberger Works, the Oliver Iron  Steel Co.,
and others.
The great strike in 1897 greatly affected coal production, but it did not prevent James Jones  Sons from
filling every one of their contracts.  During the strike
no customer of theirs was out of coal for a single day.
Not only did the Joneses amply provide for all of their
regular customers (and many new ones) in this emergency, but they also supplied coal in great quantities to
the Lake Shore  Michigan Southern Railway, and
the Pittsburgh  Lake Erie Railroad. The scrupulous
keeping of all their agreements in a period of stress
and stringency further strengthened and built up the
credit and prestige of the Joneses. The fact that their
foresight and ability enabled them to deliver coal when
others could not, was neither forgotten nor overlooked.
Business grew; not only were the Joneses recognized
among the largest shippers of coal by river in the Pittsburgh district, but with their mines, steamers, flats, coal
depots and retail yards, James Jones  Sons steadily
extended their trade.
From I878 up to October I, I899, when the entire
Jones coal properties were sold to the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co., the following yearly
records show not only the remarkable growth of a wellmanaged business, but also the amount of coal produced
and sold by the "Jones' interests":
Year               Tons     Year                Tons
1878...........  Io,ooo    I889..........   250,000
I879........... 23,000    I890..........    320,000
i880........... 60,000     I 891..........    340,000
I881...........  40,000    1892..........   360,000
I882........... 45,000    I893..........    400,000
1883........... 48,000    I894..........    370,000
I884........... 50,000    I895..........    420,000
I885........... 52,000    I896..........   66o,ooo
i886..........  58,000    I897..........    880,000
I887........... 6o,ooo    I898.......... 1,360,ooo
I 888.........   6'2,000   I899.......... 1,200,000
When, in I899, was formed the Monongahela Coal
 Coke Co., the organizers of that great corporation
PITTSBURGH-BUFFAJ.O COMPANY, CANNONSBURG PLANT23'4   T  H  E   S T  O  R  -Y   O  F   P I T  T  S B  U  R  G  H.
daily. In the arrangement of the mine workings and in
the installation of the various appliances, full advantage
was taken of the best experience obtained elsewhere.
Nothing was left undone that would tend to make the
mine especially safe and susceptible of economical operation. More than adequate provision is made for proper
ventilation. Two fans, one of which is kept in reserve
for emergencies, each capable of creating a volume of
15o,ooo feet of air per minute, are adjuncts of a ventilating system which has been highly endorsed by experts.
The entrance to the mine is by a slope having a grade
of 33 I-3 per cent. At the foot of this slope the electric
haulage plant receives and empties automatically the
loaded mine cars. Here also is situated a side track
capable of holding  300 two-ton cars which makes
possible at any time the loading of thirty twenty-ton railroad cars without calling for the assistance of a single
miner or placing a mule in service. Twenty-two electric
mining machines are employed in cutting out the coal,
and four 15-ton locomotives are utilized in bringing the
output to the surface. The tracks in the main entries
are laid with 60 and 40-pound tee rails. To operate the
power plant are installed six I50 H. P. boilers, and two
265 H. P. high-speed engines which drive two I50 K. W.
generators. Thus electric power is supplied to run the
mining machines, the great pumps and the mine motors.
The excellent car equipment of the mine was manufactured at the company's machine shops at Johnetta.
The outside equipment of the mine consists of a steel
tipple, 112 by 30 feet, having two Phillip's automatic
dumps which handle the coal in a way that permits it to
be perfectly screened. All the particles of nut and slack
are effectually removed.
Though operated on a less extensive scale, the other
mines of the company are distinguished by the same careful provisions for the safety of the miners; first class in
every respect is their equipment, and approved in every
way are the methods employed.
The Blanche mine is located in the second pool Finleyville gas coal region, and coal from this mine is declared to be unequalled for gas and steam purposes.
Analysis of this coal shows:
Moisture........................................... I.O I
Volatile  matter....................... 34.04
Fixed carbon....I....................  6o.oo
Ash.............................   4.25
Sulphur..................................  0. 70
I 00. 00
The Bertha mine at Bruce Station, only ten miles
from Pittsburgh, is what is known as a "drift." Opened
up and worked along lines that receive the greatest approval, this mine is an example of what can be done in
the way of increasing output, simplifying operations and
minimizing cost. Coal from the Bertha mine being
were impressed with the desirability of acquiring all
the "Jones' interests." Negotiations were begun---eventually a bargain was closed by the acceptance of an
offer which was decidedly advantageous to James Jones
 Sons.
The firm of James Jones  Sons in February, I900,
was superseded by the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co., of which
corporation the officers, directors and principal stockholders were James Jones and his five sons. Soon afterward the company acquired and began to develop the
Hazel mine at Cannonsburg. The Hazel was a new mine
then, but now it is said to be the largest single bituminous coal mine in the country. Also secured by the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co. were the rich opportunities existing in the great deposits of coal and fire clay at, where
since has grown up, the town of Johnetta.
The Manufacturers'  Consumers' Coal Co., incorporated in I9OI for the purpose of purchasing the Morris  Bailey Co.'s property at Peters Creek, on the Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, now
known as the Rachel mines, was likewise for a while
associated with the opening up of properties since designated as the Bertha mine at Bruce, Station, and the
Blanche mine at Anderson Station, both on the Wheeling division of the Baltimore  Ohio Railroad.
Through the two companies the Jones interests owned
and operated seven large mines, the output of which, by
years, was as follows:
I900..................    I            15,ooo
I9OI..................      315,000
1902..................      803,000
1903..................   I,300,000
On January I, I904,  the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co.,
the Manuf acturers'  Consumers' Coal Co. and other
interests were merged into a new corporation called the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company. Capitalized at $6,ooo,ooo
( common  stock, $5,ooo,ooo; preferred, $ I,ooo,000), the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company had on April I, I904, total
assets to the value of $7,928,248.65.
Of the constantly diminishing acreage of the Pittsburgh field, the companies controlled by James Jones
and his sons own over 3o,ooo acres of unmined coal in
the best sections of Allegheny, Greene, Washington and
Armstrong Counties.  What might be called the Jones
mines, already opened and now being developed, are capable of a production of 4,000,000 tons of coal annually.
Of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company's operated properties the most important mines are the Hazel, the Bertha,
the Blanche, the Johnetta and the Rachel mines.
In print the Hazel mine, has been called the "model
coal mine of the country." How well and truly such a
description applies may be determined by the visitor who
is permitted to inspect its improved equipment and upto-date methods. Most complete and thoroughly approved facilities make possible an output of 3,000 tonsnotably free from  sulphur is a preferred fuel for steel
production.
The producing capacity of the Rachel mine is I,ooo
tons daily.  It is a drift mine and is equipped so as to
be operated very advantageously. Its product is a highgrade coal which the company ships almost exclusively
to northern and eastern points.
The Ten Mile Coal Field owned by the PittsburghBuffalo Company contains I3,ooo acres of coal, overlaid by goo acres of surface at points most available for
development.  This surface furnishes fine locations for
mining towns, and is accessible to the Pittsburgh and
Lake Erie Railroad; it may also be reached by the Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania Railroad; the
Baltimore  Ohio Railroad has a projected line through
a portion of this field. The Washington  Greene RailJamnes Jones                         John H. Jones                                   Thomas P. Jones
Harry P. Jones                                   David G. Jones                                  E. Frank Miller
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANY236   T  H  E.  S T  0  R  Y    0  F    P  I T  T  S  B  U -R  G  II
road, which is controlled by the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, will extend from the Monongahela River to Ten
Mile, and its tracks will connect with all the railroads
noted above. In addition to railroad f acilities, the company will have the benefits of cheap water transportation,
as the track f ronts on the Monongahela River, and the
coal production of at least 5,ooo acres may be boated to
market, if desired.
According to best estimates the Pittsburgh-Buffalo
Company's "Ten Mile tract" contains in excess of I00,ooo,ooo tons of coal. Plans of the company now under way embrace the opening of eight new mines, each
of which will have a capacity of 500,000 tons per annum.
In all of these mines the eqtlipment is to be the very best
obtainable. Much of the accessories and the machinery
will be made by the company in its own shops at
Johnetta.
This being a thick vein coal, from six to eight feet,
it will not be difficult to produce the estimated amount
of tonnage, and the quality of the product is of such
acknowledged excellence that the coal will almost market itself. Figuring on a production of 4,000,000 tons
per annum, there is more than enough coal in the tract
to last twenty-five years.
The availability for coking purposes of the coal produced in Washington and Greene Counties being recognized to turn to advantage at least a part of the output
of the I6,ooo acres, which it holds in the two counties
named, the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company has plans made
for the erection on its property of the largest coking
plant in the world. Of the coal in question, the average
analysis is as follows:
Volatile    matter.....................  32.00
Fixed carbon................ 61.oo
Ash....................    6.oo
Sulphur..................    o.96
Phosphorus.................   0.04
I 00. 00
Development work on the Francis mine at Burgettstown was begun on September I, I903. In a hundred
days the daily production of the mine amounted to 250
tons. The Francis mine is laid out in the three-entry
system. In it are employed 20 mining machines operated by compressed air. The present output exceeds
I,ooo tons a day. The coal is delivered by a chain haul,
capable of bringing in a minute six tons to the top of the
tipple. The Johnetta Coal Company, which has several
thousand acres of coal land (and is owned by John H.
Jones and his brothers), operates the Francis mine.
At Johnetta, a  town that was named after the little
daughter of John H. Jones, the president of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, is mined both coal and fire
clay.
A rich vein of coal, underneath which lies one of
the finest deposits of fire clay in the country, constitutes
the chief natural wealth of Johnetta. From the lower
Kittanning vein the company obtains two products. Under the coal is a bed of fire clay that experts assert to
be unsurpassed as material from which to manufacture
brick and sewer pipe. After the coal is taken out there
is left a layer of clay from I6 to I8 feet thick.
Of the shaft from which the two products are obtained, that part extending above the surface consists of
a head frame and tipple, with a structure leading across
the coal sidings and extending to the works where the
clay is ground. The two cageways of the shaft are constructed of heavy oak timber and closely lined with
southern pine. The cages are approved steel construction, and have a steel safety-attachment controlled by a
"slack bridle" that becomes instantly effective if the main
hoist chain or shackles should give way. These cages
have a capacity of 200 cars hourly.
The main shaft is about I00 feet deep.  To this
distance the cage descends.  Then the cars of coal or
clay, which previously have been shunted to the lower
entrance to the shaft, are placed singly in the cage. Elevated to the top the cars are mechanically forwarded
and dumped.  Double tracks or sidings permit the coal
to be emptied on either side. Screened thoroughly and
weighed, the coal falls into a waiting freight car. By a
system of conveyors the slack is carried to the opposite
end of the tipple and placed in storage bins, from whence
later, by a IO-ton electric lorry, it is transported either to
the coke ovens, the boiler house or the brick and sewer
pipe plant, as may be required.
The mining machines, of the chain pattern, are
moved from place to place in the mine on self-propelling
trucks that are operated by electricity.  The machine,
moving from one section to another, cuts in such "rooms"
as are in proper shape; then follow the loaders who shoot
down the coal and load it on mine cars to be taken to
the shaft.  The rules of the mine require a thorough
cleaning up of all slate and debris, and there is left a
space of 10 or 12 feet between the gob and the face of
the coal. The coal and the debris being removed, the
way is open for the excavation of the clav.
Large and unusually well equipped is the sewer pipe,
brick and block plant of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company. In this great manufacturing establishment, with
its bulky output, especial success has been attained in
the installation of conveyors and labor-saving devices.
The mechanism of the sewer pipe department consists of two 9-foot revolving dry pans for pulverizing
the clay, two 9-foot wet pans for mixing, and a complete system of elevators, conveyors and screens. The
sewer pipe press, an independent unit, the final machine
through which the clay is passed, may be described as
a high-pressure cylinder with an approximate dimension
of 40 inches, connected direct by heavy steam column
separators with a 20-inch clay compressing cylinder.
This press is capable of turning out a mile of sewer pipedaily.  Power for operating the plant is supplied by a
400 H. P. engine of the girder bed type having a 24 by
48-inch cylinder, and a 22-foot belt-wheel making 64
revolutions a minute.
From the crusher the clay is taken by conveyors to
the screens, throtgh which it must pass.  All particles
not sufficiently fine are returned to the dry pans to be
reground.  Mixed with water and manipulated until it
assumes a stiff and putty-like form, the properly tempered clay is conveyed to the tupper floor, where an automatic press feeder, looked after by btit one employee,
puts it into the press. Pressed and cut off automatically,
the green pipe is trucked tup to the drying floor. There
it is kept for two or three days before being taken to
the kiln.
The entire kiln capacity of the Johnetta plant conprises 13 28-foot kilns, 2 36-foot kilns, all of which are
circular, and one large down-draught sqtlare kiln, in the
aggregate capable of burning at once 65o,ooo bricks. In
use at the Johnetta plant is one of the largest brickmaking machines in the world. Its capacity is Ioo,ooo
bricks every I2 hours. In addition to sewer pipe of all
shapes, drain tile and vitrified bricks, the PittsburghBuffalo Company makes impermeable vitrified building
blocks, corner blocks, gtitter tile, horse troughs, and slop
and closet bowls.
At Johnetta were made the bricks and hollow blocks
from  which were constructed the excellent power and
other buildings erected by the company at the various
mines.
An important adjunct of the company's operations
from an economic point of view are the great miachine and
car shops of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company at Johnetta.
Eqtuipped extensively with steel and wood-working
1nachinery, these shops are prepared to make, with the
exception of the wheels, not only mnine cars, but practically the btilk of the appliances used in the equipmnent
of the mines. Here also are repaired, when necessary,
the 500 or more railroad cars belonging to the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company.
Besides its mnining and manufacturing operations, its
wholesale dealings in.coal and clay products, the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company rmaintains two large retail coal
yards in Pittsburgh.  One is located at Twenty-ninth
and Liberty Streets, the other is on the Northside, erstwhile Allegheny, at Grant and South Avenues.
The general offices of the Pittsburgh-Btuffalo Company are in the Frick Building, Pittsburgh.  The corporation also maintains offices in Buffalo, Cleveland and
Chicago.
Of the directors, James Jones is Chairman, the other
members are: John H. Jones, T. P. Jones, D. G. Jones,
H. P. Jones and E. F. Miller. The principal officers of
the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company are:  John H. Jones,
President; Thomas P. Jones, Vice-President; David G.
Jones, Secretary and Treasurer, and E. F. Miller, Purchasing Agent and assistant to the president.
When James Jones  Sons, in I899, sold the holdings they then had to the big "River Coal" Company,
the father proposed to retire fromn active business. But
the "boys" prevailed on him to accept the position of
Chairman of the Board of Directors of the PittsburghBuffalo Company. While Mr. Jones the elder leaves to
his sons entirely the work of actively managing the conpanies' great properties, when weighty matters come up
for careful consideration, when advice and counsel are
sought, whose judgment is more to be relied on, or who
is so likely to be able to point out to his sons the best
way to go on, as the man who so successfully directed the
enterprise in the past?
In the erection of fine modern dwellings in Hazelwood, James Jones is greatly interested. In the seventyfive hancldsome houses he has already built in that section
are conspicuous evidences of his capability as an investor
in real estate.
From childhood almost intired to work, accustomed
PLANT OF UNITED STATES SEWER PIPE CO. (PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO CO.)I
I
This city had furnished the most important unit in the
largest industrial corporation in the world.
Within the municipal limits of the City of Pittsburgh
there are to-day I02 chartered banks and trust companies,
having total resources of $545,857,079. There are 35
national banks, 33 state banks, and 34 trust companies.
From 1880 to I890 there was an increase of but one in
the number of institutions, but the amount of business
transacted, as measured by clearings, almost trebled.
From I890 to I900 there was an increase of 14 in
number, and total resources more than doubled. From
I900 to I905, the period of expansion, there was an
increase of no less than 34 chartered institutions, and
deposits and resources again more than doubled. The
growth in number, resources and clearing-house transactions may be seen at a glance in this table:
HE standing of Pittsburgh as a financial center
was a long time in gaining recognition. Its
importance was really overlooked by its OWN
citizens, of whom it was said that they were
too busy minding their OWN business and making money
to care what the outside world thought of the city. The
press of Pittsburgh-unlike that of Chicago and Los
Angeles, for instance, which is ever trumpeting local
achievements-was imbued with the conservatism of its
constituency. The public men of Pittsburgh were, as a
rule, too familiar with the every-day sight of glowing,
furnaces and the whirr of industrial machinery, ancl
therefore it did not OCCUR to them to expatiate on these
things when the opportunity presented itself, nor to COMpare the substantial progress of Pittsburgh with that of
less favored cities.
A gradual awakening came with the recovery from
the panic of 1893, but it was not until I900-OI that the
truth suddenly burst upon the people at home and abroad
that Pittsburgh was the center of the greatest wealthproducing agencies in the world. The event that opened
the eyes of the public was the wonderful transformation
that took place in the iron and steel trade. It was known
that the Carnegie Steel Company, Limited, was capitalized at $25,ooo,ooo, and in a general way it was known
that this capital was more or less nominal; but it was
not until the reorganization of that company by Andrew
Carnegie that the public learned the corporation had an
earning power of between $35,ooo,ooo and $40,000,000
per annum.
It was in the year I90I, when this reorganized company, with a total capital of $320,000,000, the largest in
this country, was absorbed by the United States Steel
Corporation, that Pittsbturgh loomed in the public eye.
Clearings.
$297,804,747
786,694,231
I,61 5,641,592
2,5o6,o6g,2I 5
2,743,5 70,483............
Year.                        No.
I  880.........   47
I 890......... 48
I 90...............  62
I gos..                  96
1907........  go
I908*.......... T02
* The increase at the
the II banks and trust
Resources.
$65,6I 5,667
93,922,644
225,326,6 I 8
49I,490,76i
5I8,245,954
545,857,079
opening of I908 is made up of
companies of the North Side
(Allegheny City) and the one bank in Sheraden, which
are now embraced in the City of Pittsburgh.
The popularity of national banking as a business and
investment is evidenced by the fact that with one exception-New York City-there is more money invested in
capital stock, surplus and profits of the national banks
of Pittsburgh than in any other city. In other words,
BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES
Pittsburgh Remarkably Strong as a Financial CenterHer Banks and Trust Companies Conservative Yet Progressive-Bankers and Brokers of Unquestioned Integrity238  T H E   S T. R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G Hl
at an early age to accept serious responsibilities, John
H. Jones has shown in large affairs the greatest ability
and discretion. Beginning to work around mines at the
age of Io, when only I3 years old he was performing
acceptably the duties of shipping clerk, and bookkeeper.
At 20 he was entrusted with the financial end of his
father's business, and worthily did he share in the management of the mines. Not only did he succeed in doing
his full part in the undertakings in which, with his father
and brothers, he was associated, but likewise acquired
and built up business interests of his own. At the time
of the sale of the Jones' interests to the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co., the Joneses subscribed for $1,ooo,ooo worth of bonds and stock in that
company. In acknowledgment of this large investment,
as well as in recognition of his marked qualifications f or
such a position, John H. Jones was elected a director
of the "River Coal" Company. For ten months he continued in the directorate and then resigned that he might
be more free to look after other affairs in which he was
actively interested. When the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co.
was incorporated he was made president.  Af ter the
merger there was no thought among the stockholders
that anyone else should be the head of the new company.
Besides being president of the Pittsburgh-Buff alo Company, with all the honors and responsibilities that the
position implies, John H. Jones is the vice-president and
director of the Federal National Bank of Pittsburgh,
and a director of the Allemannia and National Union Insurance Companies.  He is also the vice-president of
the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association of this
city; a member of the Board of Trade and the Chamber
of Commerce of Pittsburgh, and the Board of Trade of
Cincinnati. The clubs to which he belongs are: the
Union, Duquesne and Country Clubs of Pittsburgh, and
the Missouri Athletic Club of St. Louis. Happily married to Miss Sarah Walker Miller on December 25, I889,
now he is the father of five children: Bertha, Johnetta,
Marshall McD., Rachel and Edna.
Thomas P. Jones, the Vice-President and General
Sales Agent of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, began
as a messenger boy; at I5 he was working underground,
driving mules and operating a haulage plant; when he
was 17 he had charge of the tipple of the Ivill mine,
where he supervised the dumping, loading and weighing
of coal, and was held responsible for its marketable condition. Ten years later he was Secretary-Treasurer of
the Excelsior Coal Company, engaged in business in Cincinnati. When the "River Coal" Company took over the
Jones' interests, Thomas P. Jones for a year afterward
was prominently identified in the affairs of "River Coal."
On withdrawing he became Vice-President of the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co., and retained that office when
the succeeding company was organized.
In August, I887, he married Miss Annabel Baldwin.
The names of his five children are James, Samuel, Hazel
A., Thomas P. and Annabel. Thomas P. Jones belongs
to the Union Club of Pittsburgh, and to the Buffalo,
Ellicott and Park Clubs of Buffalo; he is a member of
the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce; in various secret
orders he is a man of prominence, masonically being advanced to the thirty-second degree, and a Knight
Templar; besides, he is affiliated with the Elks, the
Knights of Pythias, the I. O. R. M., the Jr. O. U. A. M.,
and the Kokoals.
David G. Jones graduated from the Monongahela
City High School at the age of 17; for two years afterwards he was employed in his f ather's office, making
out pay-rolls and attending to the shipment of coal.
When I9 years old he was made superintendent of the
Rostraver mine; then, the business of James Jones 
Sons having greatly increased, he was sent to assist his
brother John H., who had charge of the Pittsburgh
office. For a while associated with "River Coal," he
left that corporation to take charge of the Hazel mine
for the Pittsburgh-Buffalo  Company.  Following the
merger he was made Secretary and Treasurer of the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company. He is also Treasurer of
the Lake Erie  Ohio River Ship Canal Co., and a director of the Citizens Trust Company of Cannonsburg,
the Washington National Bank, of Burgettstownl, the
First National Bank at Wilson, and the First National
Bank at Finleyville.
Married on September I 4, I 892, to Miss Mary
Feehan, two children now are his, namely, James
Bernard and Francis Clarence.
His political prestige is attested by the fact that he
is a member of the Republican Committee of Washington County. David G. Jones belongs to the Masonic
Order, and is a member of the Union Club of Pittsburgh.
Harry P. Jones attended the public schools until he
was I5 years old; then he proceeded to make himself
useful in the mine. So efficient was he that ere he attained his twentieth year he was acting superintendent
of the Ivill mine. At 24 he was made General Manager
of the Catsburg, Ivill, Gallitin and Rostraver properties.
That position he continued to hold when the Jones' interests were sold to the "River Coal" Company. With
his brothers he assisted in the organization of the Pittsburgh  Buffalo, and became General Manager of
the company. Being largely interested in the Big Hill
Coal Company of Richmond, Kentucky, in April, 1904,
he turned over to his brother David G. the General Manager's job, that he might assume the presidency of the
Big Hill Company. But he remains a director of the
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company, and, in his proper sphere,
works as heartily as ever to promote the welfare of the
great organization that represents the especially successful
work of the Jones family.
President of the Big Hill Coal Company, and Treasurer of the Walkend Coal Company, another KentuckyT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    239
tem and efficient management count for, even in that
most important item, the cost of production, it is only
necessary to make certain comparisons. Though a large
proportion of the miners in the Pittsburgh district are
of foreign birth and of such brief acquaintance with this
country that they scarcely speak our language, the average production of a coal miner in the United States is
over 500 tons, as against 278 tons in England, 242 tons
in Germany, I96 tons in France, and I66 tons in Belgium.
This difference is not entirely dtue to the quality or location of the coal. It is the result of superior methods, the
use of improved machinery and more intelligent management.  Though the miner receives considerably higher
wages in this country, the additional amount of coal
brought to the surface makes the cost of production per
ton appreciably less than it is in Europe.
By the utilization of power everywhere it can replace
hand labor, by the superior equipment of its mines, bv
avoiding all unnecessary handling of the output the Pittsburgh-BufLfalo Company obtains results that are unsurpassed.
THE PITTSBURGH  WESTM4ORELAND
COAL CO.  The black diamonds of comm1erce are the
most valuable jewels in Pittsburgh's crown.
The exploitation of Pittsburgh coal deposits has
added incalculably to the industrial progress and accumulated wealth of the country.
Of the 125,000 acres of unmined c"gas coal" in the
Pittsburgh district, about 65,ooo acres are the properties
of steel col-panies, and 6o,ooo acres are owned by coal
companies that supply the general demand. Of "strictly
gas coal," the largest holder in the district is said to be
the Pittsburgh  Westmoreland Coal Co.
Where flows the famed Monongahela River-where
extend the unspoiled dominions of old I(ing Coal proceed with tireless inclustry the operations of this very
important corporation.  Employed by  the  company,
2,000 men take from the earth every year 2,000,000 tons
of coal. Estimating that a million tons will be produced
fronl  I30 acres, the area of the company's unexcavated
coal is reduced about 260 acres per annumn. But the material loss to the corporation is not so great as might
be supposed. Land containing coal of this quality is
appreciating at the rate of $Ioo an acre every year.
lThe mining and shipping of coal as well as its
titilization in these days is reduced almost to an exact
science. Equally with the excellence of its product, the
Pittsburgh  Westmorelancl  Coal Co. is noted for its
up-to-date equipment and management.  Practically all
its coal is proclucec by   achine 1ining.  Closely alliec
with the Pittsbttrgh  Westmoreland Coal Co. in ownerSlip and policy is the Blaine Coal Company. The mines
of these two companies, in Allegheny and Washingtoil Counties, located along the Monongahela River
and Pigeon Creek, possessed of the advantages offered
enterprise, Harry P. Jones is also a stockholder in the
Federal National Bank of Pittsburgh, ancl of the Goodman Manttfacturing Company, of Chicago. Though always a busy man, with not much time to devote to politics, at one time he was a delegate to the Republican
State Convention, and he has served in the Select Council
of Cannonsbgtrr and Monongahela City.
Mrs. Harry P. Jones was formerly Miss Ida May
lMIcChesney, of Monongahela City; the children of the
H. P. Jones family are David George, Blanche Leona,
James Harry P. and Wilbur M.
Adclvanced in Scottish Rite Masonry, a Shrinerl, an
Elk and holding memberships in the Union Club of Pittsburgh, the Coal Men's Cltlb of Cleveland, the Business
Men's Club of Cincinnati, and the Penclennis Club of
Louisville, H. P. Jones enjoys deserved popularitv in
secret societies and social associations. He also belongs
to the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce.
At the age of I8, E. F. Miller finishecl his career at
Duff's College. Then being associated in work ancl in
the study of mining with members of the firm of James
Jones  Sons, the young man made such good progress
that by the time he was 20 he was able to fill satisfactorily
the office of Vice-President of the Big Hill Coal Company. Later made a director of the Pittsburgh-Btuffalo
Coal Company, he was entrusted with  further responsibility in the important post of assistant to the
president.
In one way the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Company may be
lookecl upon as an object lesson, an incentive to resolute
and unwearied endeavor by amnbitious young men. Not
everyone can be so fortunate as to accomplish so much
as was achieved by the men who built up the great enterprise.  Few may hope to have their efforts, however
persevering, so richly rewarded. But it is true, "what
man has done that man can do."  When James Jones
began working his lease on the Osceola mine, who would
1lave predicted. then that he and his sons would one day
be regarded as the greatest inclepenclent coal producers
in the Pittsburgh district. When voung John Jones and
his brothers were engaged in their grimy tasks, little the
neighbors thought that those boys would be eventually
the directors of a series of enterprises in which 7,500
men are employed. The lads who toiled so hard a few
years ago, to-day are masters of a business in which
millions are soundly invested. Was it all luck?  Well,
hardly! Pluck, energy ancl intelligence were far more
in evidence.
The success they have achieved in the past is the firm
foundation for greater things in the future. The Pittsburg~h-Buffalo Company, under such excellent management, is far from being in the zenith of its prosperity.
Guided by the genius of the Joneses it will go on extending its trade, increasing its production.
It is interesting sometimes to note the financial value
of advantageous direction. To ascertain how  much sys240  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
by the P. V.  C. R. R. ancl the Pennsylvania Railroad,
have littl-e to desire in the line of transportation, except,
of course, cheaper freights.  Both companies make a
specialty of supplying coal to gas companies, cement
companies and "industries requiring low  sulpher and
long flame."  For several years past the allied companies have been large shippers of coal to the Lakes.
It is only the "low sulphur coking and gas coal that can
meet the Lake Superior iron ores at low transportation
cost. "
In Washington County for the last four years the
Pittsburgh  Westmoreland Coal Co. has been testing
the Pittsburgh seam of coal lying between the Pin
Hook ancl Waynesbutrg anticlinals. This coal, formerly
not so highly regarded, the company has coked repeatedly, and without exception it has prodtuced a coke under one per cent. in sulphur, with cell structure and
burden-bearing qualities equal to the standard coke of
the Connellsville district.
The officers of the Pittsburgh  Westmoreland Coal
Co. are: H. A. K-E1hn, President; C. B. Perin and E. E.
Robbins, Vice-Presidents; H. A. Andrews, Treasurer,
and Samuel A. Davis, Secretary.
TOWER HILL CONNELLSVILLE COKE COmIPANY  One-half million tons of the highest grade of
famtous Connellsville coke seems a big output for one
year by-one coke maker, but that is the proposed extent
of production of the Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company. Such production means there must be access conveniently to almost unlimited coking coal. It means also
that the manufacturing facilities must be second to none.
The Tower Hill Connellsville Company not only has the
coal, coal that will make coke low in sulphur, the best
that can be had, but it is also developing atlmirable
facilities. While the Tower Hill Connellsville property
is but a small portion of the immense development in
which the officers and directors are interestecl, it is currently the most important and extensive, and it is especially significant in the rapidly developing Lower Connellsville region in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
The Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Company was incorporated in January, I907, with a capital of $5,500,ooo. There are also $2,500,000 in bonds, all sold, of
which amount $I,000,ooo proceeds have been held and
are being used for development solely.  This provision
assures a bright prospect for such a large undertaking.
Thle company's offices are in the First National Bank
Building, Uniontown, Pa., known throughout manufacturing circles as the headquarters of the strongest coal
ancl coke interests in the world.  This cormpany owns
2,000 acres of the finest coking coal of the Connellsville region, situate in Redstone and Luzerne Townships, Fayette County, at Republic station on the Monongaahela Railroad in the heart of the Lower Connellsville and Klondike coke regions.
It is this property that is to be developed to a capacity of 500,000 tons of coke annually.  The large
plant is now in course of active development; production will be on in sound earnest in Igo8. The company
is building I,ooo coke ovens, which shows the magnitude
of this undertaking. Four shafts are being sunk. The
clevelopment will necessitate convenience of labor, which
the company has foreseen and for which provision will
be made by erecting I60 blocks of houses, starting a
town of 2,000 poptulation. When the plant is running
full force there will be about I,ooo men employed in the
operations.
Following are the officers and directors of the Tower
Hill Connellsville Company: George D. Howell, president and director; J. V. Thompson, vice-president and
director; F. M. Osborne, vice-presiident and director;
Joseph R. Ntitt, treasurer and director; John R. Thlompson, assistant treasurer; L. W. Fogg, secretary and director; George H. Burr, L. G. McCrum and Anclrew
Squlire, directors. A moment's glance at this official and
directorial personnel evidences the strong backing of the
Tower Hill Connellsville proposition.
George D. Howell, the president, is vice-president of
the McCrum-Howell Company, director of the Rich
Hill Coke Company and other institutions, and is an
attorney of recognized ability in western Pennsylvania
legal circles.
Josiah V. Thompson, vice-president, is so well known
as scarce needing a word. He is the largest owner of
coal in the world. He is president of the First National
Bank of Uniontown, which heads the honor list of banks
in the Unitecl States. He is also vice-president of the
Thompson Connellsville Coke Company.
Frank M. Osborne, vice-president of the Tower Hill
Connellsville, is president of the Youg-hiogheny  Ohio
Coal Co., and was formerly president of the Pittsburgh
Coal Company. He is a director in the Guardians' Saving  Trust Co., and the First National Bank of Clevelancl, Ohio.
Joseph R. Nutt, treasurer of the Tower Hill Connellsville, is also secretary of the Citizens' Savings
 Trust Co. and a director of the same; a director
of the Union National Bank of Cleveland; treasurer of
the Northern Ohio Traction Company; director of the
Quaker Oats Company of Ohio.
L. W. Fogg, secretary and general manager of the
Tower Hill Connellsville property, has had extensive
identity with coke developments. He was formerly engineer in charge of construction of the Lambert  Edenborn shafts of the United States Steel Corporation. He
was also in charge of the building of the shaft of the
Brier Hill Coke Company in the same capacity. He was
consulting engineer for the shaft development of the Republic Iron  Steel Co.'s coke works.
John R. Thompson, assistant treasurer, son of J. V.
Thompson, is well experienced in practical construction.George H. Burr, one of the directors, is of the widely
known banking house of George H. Burr  Co., 4I
Wall Street, New York.
Andrew Squire, another director, is head of the law
firm of Squire, Sanders  Dempsey, one of the leading
firms of the West and general counsel of the Wabash
railroad lines east of Toledo. He is a director of the
Citizens' Savings  Trust Co. of Cleveland, the Cleveland Stone Company, and other institutions.
Lloyd G. McCrum, also a director, is president of the
McCrum-Howell Company, the largest independent manufacturer of heating goods in the country, and is a director of the Thompson Connellsville Coke Company.
President Howell, voicing the wholesome optimism
of this strong coterie of financiers and manufacturers,
says:
"Pittsburgh is, and in coming years will be even
more so, the industrial center of the world.  Fayette
County is her n1ain standby for highest grade fuel, and
Fayette County wishes to be considered as being within
the Pittsburgh district so as to share even remotely in
the great city's glory.
"The'Iron Age' of recent date says:'Westmoreland and Fayette Counties contain the famous Connellsville coking coal basin, and so lead not only the other
counties of the State, but the other States of the Union
and the other countries of the world, so that they might
be considered as in a class by themselves. Nearly go per
cent. of the coal made into coke at the mines in Pennsylvania, and about 66 per cent. of the coking coal mined
and coked in the United States comes from these two
counzties.' " This statement is striking, but absolutely true.
THE UNITED COAL COMPANY-The United
Coal Company was incorporated under the laws of Pennsylvania in I902 with a capital of $4,000,000. The
company owns I,Ioo00 acres of the very best grade of
Pennsylvania gas and steam coal, and operates by lease
over 1,400 acres. Its mines are located in Allegheny,
Westmoreland, Washington,  Somerset and  Fayette
Counties. None of them are more than fifty-five miles
radius from  Pittsburgh, and most of them are within
twenty-five miles radius.  In the Somerset field there
are four veins of coal in the property, two of which are
now being worked. In the selection of coal no properties have been bought but the very finest quality of both
gas and steam coal, and all are well situated for economical operation. The several properties have a total yearly
capacity of 4,000,000 tons, yielding between 6,ooo and
9,ooo tons per acre. There are nine mines in operation,
each equipped with the latest and most improved machinery.
That these properties are especially well equipped to
obtain the greatest amount of shipping facilities is apparent from the fact that they are located on three railroads, namely, B.  O., Pennsylvania and P.  L. E.,
besides having tipples on the Monongahela River at three
of the mines. This has been a factor recognized by buyers of coal generally, as it would indeed be a rare occasion for all the mines to be short of cars or shut down
for any reason at the same time. The United Coal Company is in an especially strong position on account of
owning I,oIo steel cars, I50 river boats and barges, and
a steamboat.
This company has erected more than 8oo modern
homes for its miners, together with electric lighting and
water plants.  Good school facilities are provided for
the miners' children, and as a result the company is enabled to get and retain the very best class of miners. All
the apparatus, such as hoisting engines, ventilating systems, steel tipples and machinery are of the latest pattern and practically new, designed to produce coal in the
most economical manner.
The company has docks at Milwaukee, Duluth and
PATTERSON TIPPLE OF THE UNITED COAL CO., ON MONONGAHELA RIVER, NEAR ELIZABETH, PA.Cincinnati. It has offices in New York, Boston, Pittsburgh, Chicago and Cincinnati, from which places the
salesmen dispose of the coal as fast as it can be mined.
They are enabled to do this on account of the coal being
especially adapted for gas, malleable iron plants, furnaces, and so forth, where a high grade of coal is demanded. The analysis of the coal has proved it to be
amnong the purest nmined in the United States.
The president of the company is W. S. Kuhn; vicepresident, James S. Kuhn; secretary and treasurer, J. B.
Van Wagener; assistant treasurer, Thurston Wright.
THE WHYEL COKE COMPANY-There is no
portion of the great bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania which offers greater opportunities for the manufacture of coke than Fayette County.  In that county
alone there are upwards of 25,000 coke ovens, practically
all of which are kept running steadily the year round,
owing to the immense demand for high-grade furnace
and foundry coke. The close proximity of this field
with the immense mines in the entire district, where
millions of tons of the finest of the Pittsburgh vein of
bituminous coal have been produced in recent years,
affords an added advantage in the lower cost.
It is in this district that the greatest producer of coke
in the world, the H. C. Frick Coal  Coke Co., is located,
as well as some hundred or more independent concerns.
One of-the leading, as well as one of the more recent of
these latter concerns, is the Whyel Coke Company of
Uniontown, Pa., which produces some of the highest
grade foundry coke of that region.
The company was incorporated under the laws of the
State of Pennsylvania on March 15, I904, and has an
authorized capital stock of $50,000, all of which has been
subscribed.  The company was formed by W. Harry
Whyel and George Whyel, both of Uniontown, Pa., and
who have had many years of practical experience in the
coal and coke industries, both in the producing and selling ends of the business. WV. H. Whyel is president and
general manager of the company, and George Whyel is
secretary and treasurer.  George Whyel is also vicepresident and general manager of the Connellsville Consolidated Coal  Coke Co., while W. Harry Whyel is
a director in the same concern, and both take an active
part in the operations of this company as well as in the
Whyel Coke Company.
The company started in business with several fine
coal properties which they opened at once, and in a
short time had producing mines, had erected tipples of
a permanent character and were in position to market
their coal. It was decided, however, to follow out the
original policy of the business and to engage in the
manufacture of coke. Owning the surface land as well
as the underlying coal, the construction of the ovens was
therefore started at once, and in the course of a few
months after the opening of the mines, the company had
the first battery of ovens ready to fire, while the remainder were comnpleted as soon as possible thereafter.
One lundred and forty ovens of the most improved type
were completed, which have been in steady operation
and represent an investment of about $75,000.
This plant is located in George's Township, near
Smithfield, Pa., where all of the coal and surface lands
of the company are located, with the exception of two
small plants near Latrobe, Pa. The railroad and shipping facilities there are of the best, excellent lines and
railroad connections giving unsurpassed service in forwarding shipments in all directions, and particularly to
the great Pittsburgh mills and Canada, where much of
the production is shipped.
The Whyel Coke Company, when compared with
many others, is a comparatively new organization, as its
incorporation under Pennsylvania laws dates only from
March, 1904, yet owing to the enterprise and ability of
its general management it is now successfully carrying
on a very large and profitable business.
POWER PLANT AND TIPPLE OF THE UNITED COAL CO., JEROME MINE, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA.OIL AND GAS
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT DOTTED WITH WELLS MAINTAINING THE
SUPREMACY OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
Gas and oil, the first probably more than the other,
have been parallel roads through which Pittsburghers
have pushed their way to success industrially. Oil to-day
could be an imported article and not materially detract
fromn Pittsburgh's eminence as a center of production.
Without gas, what position would Pittsburgh occupy in
the world of glassmaking?  Natural gas has made the
gas engine an institution in Pittsburgh, not to mention
cheaper and plentiful illumination in millions of homes.
Steam is easily more economically generated by gas than
by coal, and when one considers what part steam has
taken in building the steel city's industrial greatness, the
value of gas is readily conceived.
There is annually consutmed in the United States a
mile of natural gas,
measured  in  cubic
feet.  It is the most
econo m ical fuel
known, and  the
Pittsburgh district is
its hote.  It is unexcelled in the 1anufacture  of  glass,
besides being useful
in the heating and
mnelting of iron and
steel, b u r  in  g of
brick and in a multitude  of  kindred
lines of work.
While the principal n a t u ral   gas
territory is western
P e n n s y 1 v a n i a,
West Virginia and eastern Ohio, natural gas was first
used at Fredonia, N. Y., when it was piped from a well
to illuminate the village in honor of a visit paid the town
by General Lafayette, the French soldier of fortune who
fought in the revolutionary war.
The Pittsburgh district is dotted with wells, running
from a few hundred to 3,000 feet deep, the gas being
piped into Pittsburgh and nearby industrial centers in
mains 20 inches in diameter and under. The Pittsburglh
district is the largest consumer of gas of any place of
the same area in the world. Despite this great drain on
their resources, comnpanies piping the gas for commercial
purposes still have about three-quarters of a million acres
of gas territory as yet undeveloped.  The United States
Steel Corporation absorbs the major portion of natural
gas used here through their plants in Homestead, Braddock and Duquesne.  Only about one-quarter of the gasproducing territory in the Pittsburgh district, or about
250,000 acres, is being operated.  Une ot the larger
companies controls 476,213 acres and operates only IOO,ooo acres of these, which, tapped by 3,000 miles of gas
line, supply 40,500,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
yearly to 65,000 customers.
To trace the origin of oil, which has for years
formed one of the mammoth industries of the Pittsburgh
district, it would be necessary to go back to the days
before Christ.  In America it was discovered first in
I700 in Seneca County, N. Y., and was located in western Pennsylvania in I772, at a point on the Allegheny
River, eight or ten miles above French Creek. From then
on it grew rapidly into a great industry. Oil City, Bradford, Franklin and other western Pennsylvania towns
are distinctly outgrowths of the oil discoveries, and,
beginning with John D. Rockefeller, and extending down
through a long line of individuals, the fluid has built
great fortunes. The supremacy of western Pennsylvania
in the oil trade remained unquestioned
for years, and this
territory has always
been the bulwark of
that perfectly organized  institution, the
well known Standard
Oil Company.
AMERICAN OII,
DEV ELOPMENT
COMPANY - The
American O i 1 Development Company
is one of those huge
concerns for which
Pittsburgh is justly
famous.  Its operations in producing
petroleum cover a large territory, and its trade justihes
its name, the Ai4merican Oil Development Company. This
company was one of the first in the active and aggressive
development of oil-producing territory.
This company was organized October 2I, I897, absorbing the old McCalmont Oil Company, a pioneer in
the oil business, which opened up the Bullion oil fields
in I876. It has an authorized capital of $500,000, $300,ooo of which is paid up. The valuation of its properties
on December 3I, I9o6, was $I,o090o,406..38; its liabilities
were $338,309.48; showing a surplus of $752,o96.9o.
It now has three hundred and fifty-one producing wells
located severally in the Pittsburgh district, in Sisterville,
W. Va., in Barnesville, Ohio, and in Oblong, Ill.
The members of this company are all men of such
sterling ability and integrity from a business point of
view that a glance at the list will prove sufficient voucher
for its success. The president is Walter A. Dennison,
OIL WELLS, NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIAT~~~~~~~~~.F.
244  TH E    S T O R Y   O     P I T T S B U R G H
character istic of Carnegie enterprises, the Carnegie
Natural Gas Company was organized.
Of the gas wells sunk by the Carnegie Natural Gas
Company, the deepest are in Wetzel County, West Virginia. Some of these productive holes in the ground
extend downward from 3,200 to 3,500 f eet. When the
pipe line is properly connected with the well, the "rock
pressure" on the reservoir, Some half a mile or more
beneath the earth's surface, is often sufficient to cause the
gas to be transported through the pipes for upwards of a
hundred miles. In wells in Wetzel County, approximately
3,300 feet deep, the pressure is said to be, frequently,
more than I,OOO pounds to the square inch. Though
usually the power necessary to send natural gas through
the pipe lines for ordinary distances is supplied by the
pressure of the wells, sometimes, in drawing the remaining gas from depleted reservoirs in nearly exhausted
fields, the diminishing pressure from below is supplemented by cylinder compressors in a pumping station.
In the pumping stations, by gas engines, the work required is effectively performed at, comparatively, a very
low cost.
Of present Pennsylvani a  gas regions the  Greene
County fields bid f air to be the most productive ancl
enduring.   In West Virginia Wetzel County probably
contains the greatest gas possibilities.
The "gas-producing sands" are known by various
names in different localities.  In  Armstrong, Indiana
and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, the upper layers are known as the Murraysville or salt sand, and the
hundred-foot sand, while the layer below is broken up
into strata described as the Gordon, Gordon Stray,
Fourth, Fifth, Bayard and Elizabeth sands. In various
places south of Pittsburgh the "big Injun" sand is a
great yielder of gas. West Virginia's most productive
gas sands are the "Gordon, Gantz, Gordon Stray, Fourth,
Fifth, and, occasionally, the deeper Bayard and Elizabeth
sands. As to how long natural gas will continue to be
productive in the fields now known, depends of course
to a considerable extent upon the amount of operation.
At the present rate of development, however, according
to conservative estimates, the properties of the Carnegie
Natural Gas Company are likely to be profitably operated
for many years to come. What has been done in West
Virginia so far, scarcely more than serves to illustrate
the wonderful possibilities of that section.
Though the Carnegie Natural Gas Company is an
auxiliary of the Carnegie Steel Company, which in turn
is a constituent of the United States Steel Corporation,
for years its affairs have been under the immediate direction of President D. M. Clemson.  At the age of 18,
Clemson, then a journeyman blacksmith, left the forge to
accept at small pay a subordinate position in the machine
shop  of Carnegie's Scotia mine.  His efficiency  and
readiness marked him for immediate advancement, and
by 1885 he had risen to be superintendent of the Scotia
the vice-president is Theodore E. Tack, the secretary and
treasurer is Frank Tack. These officers, with Willis F.
McCook and Otis H. Childs, form the board of directors.
W. A. Dennison was born in Philadelphia in I852.
He started in the oil-producing business in Butler County
in 1876, becoming one of the largest individual producers
and most influential business men in that section of the
country.
Theo. E. Tack was also born in Philadelphia in 1837.
He was one of the first to establish commission houses in
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and also one of the first
(in I863 ) to produce. oil in West Virginia and southeastern Ohio.
Frank Tack was born in Philadelphia in I839. After
serving three years as a private in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry during the War of the Rebellion, he
went to Pittsburgh to enter the employ of his brothers,
A. H. Tack and T. E. Tack. Since that time he has
been identified with the oil business.
Willis F. McCook, one of the directors of the company, is one of the leading attorneys of the Allegheny
County bar. Otis H. Childs, another of the directors,
is one of the most successful steel men of Pittsburgh,
and is president of the well known Lincoln Foundry
Company.
Although the great gushers of Texas and those of
other later oil fields have lessened somewhat the reputation of the Pittsburgh district as the recognized center of
the petroleum industry, yet in another sense the attention
of the world is directed to this great region, which has
been the leader in the oil-producing business for so many
years. To Pittsburgh capital and energy the development of these newer fields is most largely due.  The
divining rod of Pittsburgh capitalists and operators has
revealed their hidden treasures, and Pittsburgh capital is
invested in all the leading oil fields in the country. And
we venture the assertion that Pittsburgh would have
been the leading oil refining point of the country had it
not been for the secret rebates the Pennsylvania Railroad Company gave the Standard Oil Company.
THE CARNEGIE NATURAL GAS COMPANY
As geologists juggle with figures, some 62,000,000
years ago, in the Devonian period, in the Permian group
of strata which form the uppermost division of the
Paleozoic series, were created the conditions from which
emanates the natural gas that is used in this vicinity today. Though dating back to that remote time, this most
adaptable fuel long remained unexploited. In this country the first recorded instance of its utilization occurred
in 1824. Not until fifty years later was its value as an
aid to manufacturing demonstrated. Splendidly adapted
to the needs of many industries, natural gas, especially
by the Carnegie Steel Company, has been utilized to good
advantage. To amply supply natural gas fuel for numerous furnaces, on a scale and with a thoroughnessT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    245
mine. From this responsible position he was soon transferred to Pittsburgh to take charge, not only of the
natural gas interests of the Carnegie Company, but also
of the Youghiogheny and Larimer Coke Works of Carnegie Brothers  Co., Ltd. When the Carnegie Natural
Gas Company was organized, but one man was considered in connection with the presidency of that corporation; the one who above all others was believed to be
best qualified for the place was D. M. Clemson. Though
in addition to his duties as president of the gas company he was later entrusted with the responsibility of
presiding over the affairs of the Pittsburgh Steamship
Company, which subsidiary operates the Great Lake
fleet of ore carriers, his unusual competence has enabled
him  to fill both places very successfully.  One of the
ablest of "Carnegie's younger partners," events have
proved that his assignment, to take charge of the Carnegie
natural gas interests, was especially fortunate for the
company. Under his direction the company has extended its lines, increased its holdings, judiciously developed its resources, and, in fact, bettered its condition
in every way. Truly Mr. Clemson worked and won.
THE DEVONIAN OIL COMPANY-While the
oil business has been, not exactly a lottery, the risks incidental to operating and the riches sometimes obtained
through a lucky strike, have imposed in the occupation
of prospecting for petroleum all the exciting elements
of chance. In the lines of exploration and exploitation
among the corporations that have paid good dividends
through the successful production of oil and natural gas,
the Devonian Oil Company has secured for itself a desirable place. Not in any derogatory way could the company be truthfully accused of "wild-catting." But to a
certain extent its specialty has been the taking of chances,
incurring such risks as are inseparable from the development of new fields.
In New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia,
Indiana, Illinois and Oklahoma the company has operated
with considerable success. In Butler County, Pennsylvania, it utilized to good advantage opportunities that
others had neglected. It went into West Virginia and
began development work under discouraging circumstances. The resulting rewards were not entirely due to
good luck.' The company "happened to hit upon" oilproducing sand, but in its operations, unquestionably,
the corporation was guided by experience, expert knowledge and good judgment.
Out West repeated instances of the company's success in locating oil are not looked upon as an inexplicable
series of lucky incidents. In Devonian the Devonian
developed some valuable oil properties in the neighborhood of Bartlesville and in the vicinity of Tulsa. Though
much of the western oil does not approach the quality
of "Pennsylvania crude," from some of the wells of
Oklahoma has been drawn oil that is undeniably good.
Of oil regions recently exploited, the Oklahoma fields
are the most promising. The amount of petroleum that
may be produced by the new State scarcely can be estimated. But enough is known to predicate the unlikelihood of any oil famine even in the distant futture. Work
done in Wyoming proves the existence there of vast
quantities of oil of the kind chieflv valuable for fuel.
As yet, because of a lack of facilities for piping or shipping the oil to market, work in the Wyoming district is
practically restricted to experiment and exploration, but
in the course of time Wyoming will be accorded prominence among the oil-producing States.
The Devonian Oil Company was organized in July,
I89I. Its paid-up capital, $500,000, long ago ceased
to be more than a tithe of the assets of the company.
The corporation engages only in the development of oil
lands and in the sale of oil and gas. The dividends
that the Devonian has paid in the sixteen years of its
existence are excellent evidence of the correctness of
the policy it has pursued.
The principal office of the company is in the Columbia Bank Building, Pittsburgh. The officers of the
company are: C. P. Collins, President; J. H. Evans,
Vice-President and Secretary, and J. R. Leonard, Treasurer and General Manager. The company's board of
directors is constituted as follows: C. P. Collins, J. R.
Leonard, J. H. Evans, George W. Crawford and W.
H. Albro, all gentlemen of recognized high standing.
EMPIRE OIL WORKS, A. L. CONFER-To an
undefined extent even the strongest are the victims of
circumstances and environment. We know not all that
may befall, nor yet what opportunities await US. As best
he can, each man must meet his fate. Of the comparatively few who are especially successful, courage and
progressiveness are apt to be distinguishing traits. He
who meets adversity undismayed; who, however confronted, is unashamed and unafraid; who, in the midst.
of difficulties, redoubles his determination to get ahead;
of such a description is the man most likely to succeed
Not through any interposition of luck, nor due to timely
assistance granted him in emergencies, but because he
had force of character and other qualities that carried
him saf ely through serious straits on various occasions,
Abel Leonard Confer, the present Mayor of Oil City,
has arrived at a position that in several ways fully justifies the assertion that he has achieved important and
well-merited success.  Through working away, undiscouraged at arduous tasks, he acquired, fairly, a considerable fortune. Though he never, at any time, entertained more than the modest desires for advancement
and recognition, his party and his city saw that he was
in every way worthy of high honors. Not only in his
present standing, but in his entire career may be found
evidences of what sometimes can be accomplished by
honest, undaunted perseveran, mice.In Akron, New York, on December I o, I847, Abel
Leonard Confer was born.  He comes from  Puritan
stock. His parents were John C. and Mary C. (Greene)
Confer.  John C. Confer was a native of Lycoming,
Pennsylvania, but at the age of nine years he migrated
to New York State. At the tinme of the birth of his son
Abel, John C. Confer was a farmer. As such he was
not especially prosperous.  Few tillers of the soil obtained wealth in those days. In I857 the Confer family
moved from New York to Michigan. On a farm near
Saginaw Abel Leonard Confer grew up. He was sent in
winter to the common school in Saginaw.  At other
times his services, so far as they could be, were utilized
on the farm.
When he was I8 years old, he enlisted in the Union
Army.  In the closing struggles of the Civil War he
served with the pontoon train of the 5oth New York
Engineers. Mustered out in New York, he found himself in a serious predicament. What little money he had
was soon spent while he vainly tried to obtain employment.  Only those who know what it is to be without
funds or friends in a large city can properly appreciate
the ordeal he endured. Finally, for the want of anything
better, he got a job on a boat that carried hay to Baltimore. On this old craft he made ten trips. Then, owing
to the close of the war, hay, for cavalry horses and army
mules, ceased to be in such great demand in Baltimore.
The boat was laid up and young Confer, discharged
again, with scant resources, looked wistfully around for
ways and means to get back to Michigan.
At length he encountered a contractor who was taking a lot of emigrant laborers to Ohio to work on the
Atlantic and Great Western Railroad.  Favorably impressed with the youth's appearance, the contractor
promised him a place. Thus it happened that Confer
went to Akron, Ohio. The telegraph line between Akron
and Dayton was being built then. In ordinary construction work Confer was first employed. Quick to learn
and known to be reliable, after six months he was promoted to be a line repairer. Holding this position, he
made his headquarters in Dayton for two years. Next
appointed operator at Windon, Ohio, he soon showed
such efficiency at the key that in a short time he was
made extra agent and operator for the road. In the
meantime he saved his money. Eventually out of his
wages he laid by enough to buy eighty acres of land in
Michigan. At the end of two years he resigned his position and went to Michigan. His stay in Michigan, this
time, was of comparatively brief duration. In March,
I870, he located in Meadville, Pennsylvania.
In Meadville, on November I5, I870, he was married
to Miss Mary Boslough.  Mr. and Mrs. Confers have
two children, both daughters, each of which is now
married; one, Mabel G., is the wife of Eugene W. Chase,
of Warren, Ohio; the other, Gertrude, wedded John F.
Means, of Towanda, Pennsylvania.
Shortly after his arrival in Meadville, Confer was
placed in charge of the station at Reno, near Oil City.
From that time on he became more and more conspicuously identified with the affairs of Reno and Oil City.
Year by year his influence increased, to-day he is justly
recognized as one of the foremost citizens of that section of the country.  Prominent financially, politically,
socially, he gracefully accepts the responsibilities and
duties that in various ways devolve upon him. The clubs
to which he belongs are the Venango, the Ivy and the
Oil City Boat Club.
A staunch Democrat, yet popular with men of all
EMPIRE OIL WORKS, OIL CITY, PA.parties, his aid and influence have contributed materially
towards the achievement of such success as Democracy
in that section has secured. As Mayor of Oil City he is
a zealous and efficient executive. Under his administration numerous changes for the better are being effected.
Personally he is pleasant and affable, kind-hearted
and public-spirited.  An attendant of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, a liberal contributor to church and
charitable work, a valued friend, a kind neighbor, he is
respected everywhere. All his life he has eschewed intoxicants, nor has he ever used tobacco in any form. To
young men his recipe for success is "Be sober and indtlstrious."  In that he is a
Knight Templar, a Shriner
and a thirty-second-degree
mason Mr. Confer has honorable  and  advanced masonic affiliations.
H i s residence a t 6i i
West First Street, Oil City,
is one of the most beautiful
and comfortable homes in
that part of Pennsylvania.
In business he is actively interested in various important enterprises, but it is
through his connection with
the Empire Oil Works thiat
he is best knowtn.
While Confer wvas station agent at Reno, oil was
struck on the Reno property.  Naturally the thrifty
and  energetic young  1an
was immediately interested.
He was at once on the lookout to invest his savings to
good  advantage.  Though
he retained his position as
station agent, he scrutinized
carefully various opportunities that were presented in
the  oil business.  Having
figured out that such a proposition would pay, in conjunction with WV. H. Stevens he started a small refinery
called the Arctic Oil Works.  This undertaking for a
while was conducted with indifferent success.
In those stirring times the small refineries were constantly encountering great difficulties. Keen competition,
not to say strenuous opposition, repeatedly threatened to
put them out of business. If they managed to exist for
any length of time, it was under conditions that spread
discouragement and gloom. Oil City was a storm center.
Against the independents were concentrated unrelentingly
the well organized efforts of those who insisted that the
welfare of the oil industry demanded the elimination of
the small producers and refiners.  The "little fellows"
were harassed  and  thwarted  in every possible  way.
Each obstacle that, by any chance, could be placed there
blocked so far as it could their path to success. Fiercely
assailed on all sides, in self-defense they fought desperately.  In this industrial battle the list of business casualties was frightful.  But the fight went on; first one
side and then the other would claim  a victoy; the only
certain result for the time being was that all concerned
paid heavily for what they won.
As an incident in the strife, A. L. Confer was requested by the railroad to either r'esign his office or sever
his connection with the refinery. He sold his shares
in the business to his partners, who later disposed of
the Arctic Oil Works to the
tru st.
/tMr. Confer, with S. Y.
Ramage and Fred Fisher,
forthwith organized t h e
Muttual Oil Company.  After carrying on this venture
for some time, he sold his
lholdings to the other parties interested and retired
from the company.
Having n o w  sufficient
practical knowledge and experience as well as the capital required to successfully
conduct a refinery, in I886
Confer quit the railroad
service and established the
Empire Oil Works.
From  necessity he began in a smnall way, but his
plans for the future were
well and wisely laid. A most
desirable location was secured, and the connections
made in a measure assured
increased facilities as they
should be required. By carefully supervising the work,
by giving his personal attention to every important detail,
he not only avoided the losses that others incurred, but
added constantly to his trade. In the beginning an undertaking  of relative unimportance, the Empire Oil
Works have become noted not only for the amount of
their output, but also for the unquestioned excellence of
the various products.
At Reno the Empire Company owns 30 acres of land
that gently slopes down to the river in a way that insures perfect drainage.  The area gives all the room
reqtuired for the operation of the plant. The river supplies the water so necessary for refining purposes.  A
HON. A. L. CONFERPittsburgh ranks second in this respect in the cities of
the United States, while it ranks sixth in the amount of
its financial transactions as measured by the volume of
bank clearings.
The national banks of the City of Pittsburgh have a
cleaner record than those of any other city of similar
or greater size in the country. There have been mergers
and  voluntary  liquidations, but in not a
single instance has a
national bank of
Pittsburgh  gone
thl-ougll  involuntary
1 i q u i cl ation. (The
failure of the Enterl)rise  National Bank
of Allegheny City occurred before tlhe
nlerger of the North
Side into the greater
city.)  In the panic of
I903 one national
bank in Pittsburgh
and one in Allegheny
City t e m p o r a r i 1 y
closed their doors, but
they were speedily restored to solvency, resumled  business, and
are to-day among the
strongest financial institutions in the country.
The  strength  of
the financial instittutions of Pittsburgh is
seen in the large excess of surplus ancl
tundivided profits over
capitalstock. The
paid-up capital of the
3I national banks of
the old city in December,  I907,  w a s
$29,200,000, while the
surplus  an d  profits
a m o u n t e d to $34,830,000. Up until the
year I90oo, this surplus and profit account represented
actual earnings on capital in excess of the amount paid in
dividends.  In the four succeeding years many of the
banks sold additional capital stock at a high premium
over par, and this premium was added to surplus account.
It was from  the premium  realized on new stock thus
sold that the 1means were provided in several instances
for the erection of the handsome bank buildings which
give such architectural prominence to the financial district.
Pittsburgh ranks sixth in the list of clearing-house
cities in the United States, and is so far in advance of
its nearest competitor that there is no danger of it falling
below its present position.  On the contrary, it is within
the probabilities of the near future that this city will
overtake   St.  Louis
and occupy fifth place.
At the present writing  the membership
in  t h e  Pittsburghl
Clearing House Association is confined to
national banks; but it
is not improbable tlhat
the movement started
in other cities to admit trust comipanies to
full memlbership will
be taken up here.
In the year I907
two additional members were admitted into the P i t t s 1) u r g h
Clearing House, the
conlposition o f t h e
Association being as
follows:
Bank  of  Pittsburgh, N. A., Exchange  National
Bank, Allegheny National Bank, First National Bank, Second
National Bank, Thlird
National Bank, Farnmers' Deposit National
Bank, Union National
Bank, Peoples' National Bank, German
National Bank, First
National Bank of
Allegheny,  Diamond
National Bank, Duquesne National
B a n k, Monongahela
National Bank, Columbia National Bank, National Bank of Western Pennsylvania, Commercial National Bank, Fort Pitt National
Bank, Mellon National Bank, Keystone National Bank,
Lincoln National Bank, Federal National Bank.
In addition to handling their own business, the members of the Pittsburgh Clearing House act as agents in
clearing the checks and drafts of fully I 50 other financial
institutions in the Greater Pittsburgh district.
COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK BUILDING248  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
frontage of I,5oo feet on the Lake Shore and Erie Railroads permits all the conveniences of switches, sidings
and other shipping facilities. The company has its own
tank cars, 75 in all, and iron tankage to the capacity of
IOO,OOO barrels.
Even to having their own electric light plant, the Empire Oil Works are equipped throughout for operation to the very best advantage. Thoroughly modern
machinery (specially designed, some of it) admits not
only of economical refining, but, so far as appliances and
the modus operandi may do so, makes for a product
of superior quality. By the Empire Oil Works every oil
extracted from petroleum, known to the trade, is manufactured. Always the aim of Mr. Confer has been to
make only goods of a high grade. The reputation of
the Empire Oil Works for quality and reliability long
established as the best is scrupulously maintained.
The present capacity of the company is 25o,ooo barrels of crude oil a year.
The making of wax is another specialty of thae Emnpire Oil WVorks. The oil is grantilatecl by refrigerationi,
the freezing point beinu obtainled by the tise of brine
ancl ammonia  ptimps  anl-  rapid  evaporation.  Thenl
forcecl through- cloth filters, the neutral oils pass into
tanks, and the wax remains behind. The present wax
output of the company amounts to about 5,000 barrels
annually.
As adjuncts to the four stills that have an aggregate
daily capacity of I,500 barrels are agitators, "filter
houses" and every accessory required in an up-to-date
refinery. In the "filter houses" are immense quantities
of fullers' earth and animal charcoal. The filtering materials are first washed with benzine and then thrown
into a retort where at a white heat all the impurities are
burned out. Thus prepared it is made fit for the proper
clarification of the various oils.
In the pumping station is an excellent demonstration
of the utility of a gas engine. This one engine now performs service formerly obtained by a battery of fifteen
small pumps.
Now being added to the Empire Oil Works is a barrel factory which will turn out from 700 to I,OOO barrels
a day. In the course of erection also is a large storehouse.
To further carry out the idea of being independent
and complete, the Empire Oil Works will erect its own
car repair shop just east of the "Lake Shore" station
at Reno.
The Empire Oil Works are connected with the Producers' and Refiners' Pipe Line, which runs f rom the
West Virginia oil regions through the Butler County,
Pennsylvania, oil fields to Reno, Oil City and Titusville.
From this pipe line is received crude oil. The works
also make connections with the Unitecl States Pipe Line,
through which is pumped refined oil from Reno to
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.
The growth and a ctivity of the Empire Oil Works
are among the main factors of Reno's present advancement. As the head of Reno's most important industrial
enterprise, Mr. Confer takes particular interest in everything pertaining to the improvement of the town. So
soon as certain improvements are completed it is stated
that the company will build a number of well appointed
and comfortable residences for employees.
In the early days of the oil excitement Reno had
aspirations towards being a leading country town of that
section. But a falling off of the production of the oil
wells left the town in a rather backward condition for
years. Largely through what has been done of late by
A. L. Confer and his associates has brought renewed
attention to Reno as an eligible location for factories.
Of the company owning the Empire Oil Works, A.
L. Confer is President, J. F. Means is Manager, and E.
W. Chase is Treasurer.
It is through the upbuilding of such substantial enterprises as the Empire Oil Works-through the industry, zeal and persistence of men like A. L. Conferthat the business prosperity of Pennsylvania has been
placed on its present sound basis.  Even though selfinterest be the controlling motive, though it is natural
that man should plan and labor for their own benefit,
incidentally, when a business is carried on in a way that
secures credit and profit for those at the head of it, not
only the community, but the State and the nation, to the
extent that the industry rises, are the gainers.  Such
influences for the general good are for the most part
unrecognized, yet they are perceptible. In the aggregate
the success of the country depends on the well-doing of
individuals.  For the good work he has done, both as
a business man and as a citizen, on A. L. Conf er is conferred more than ordinary distinction.
R. G. GILLESPIE--Mr. R. G. Gillespie is a native
Pittsburgher. For over thirty years he has been identified with the oil business as an independent producer,
operating in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and
West Virginia, throughout which districts Mr. Gillespie
now maintains extensive interests.
Mr. Gillespie to-day OWNS a large production, and
has met with continued success during the period of more
than a quarter of a century devoted to this business. He
is one of the largest individual operators of the present
day in western Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia.
Mr. Gillespie resides at 5336 Fifth Avenue, Shady
Side district, where he recently went into a new and
attractive home.
JAMES McCLURG GUFFEY-The name of
James McClurg Guffey has become, so to speak, such a
household word in American Democracy and American
industry that it would be difficult to put one's finger on
any other name in contemporary American biographyand say, "Here is a more typical American than Colonel
Guffey."  Pittsburgh is justly proud of her famous son,
for most of his years and activities have been spent in
or near this city, and he has been for long years one of
the influential men in extending prestige for Pittsburgh
aggressiveness. He has risen from the masses to a more
prominent eminence than is occupied by any other independent oil, gas or mineral producer.  His standing in
American Democracy is shoulder to shoulder with the
strongest men of that party, his counsels always being
respected and greatly influential, whether in municipal,
State or national politics.
Colonel Guffey's ancestors  were  Scotch,
h a v in g occupied for
many years the Shire
of Lanark in the Lowlands. His father was
Alexander Guffey, son
of William G u f f e y,
who came f rom  Scotlandcl to America in
I738 and was a member of the expedition
o f Brig.-Gen. J o h n
F o r b e s against the
French at Fort Duquesne; thts  Colonel
G u f f e y is descended
from makers of America.  William  Guffey,
after the expedition, established on I, o ya 1hanna Creek the first
English settlement in
Westmoreland County,
Pa. In I886 a reunion
of the Guffey family
was held at the old
homestead.  Five generations,  aggregating
293 persons, were present. At the old homestead James McClurg
Guffey was born January 19, I839. In that community
of home and school and church the boy secured the training that fitted him to cope with strong situations and win.
Little did those who knew him, however, think that he
was destined to be one of the country's leading men.
When he was i8 years old, he found the confines of the
hills too binding upon him, and he started out to make
his fortune in the world. He went down to Louisville,
Ky., and secured a job as a clerk in the office of the
Louisville  Nashville Railroad.  Later he served also
as a clerk in the Adams express office, Nashville, Tenn.
But then something happened. Young Guffey happened to have his eyes open to opportunity, and he saw
it in a golden aurora out of the North.  Some might
have said it was rainbow-chasing when he forsook a
good job to go seek his fortune in the vagaries of the
then young o.il industry. But a bright day was dawning
in the new oil fields of the western part of Pennsylvania.
Guffey made his way toward the aurora that he had seen
gleaming particularly for him. He faced a rising sun
in the dawning days of his manhood, and that sun will
never set on the record and achievements of this sterling
"independent oil king,"
as he has been termed
time  and  again.  In
I865 he went to Venango County, Pa., and
entered with his whole
soul into the chances
that were given him,
learning the oil business  from   beginning
to end in all its detail.
Seven years later
found him  general
agent for an oil-well
supply firm  at Petersburgh, Clarion County.
Keen observation and
judgment and experience prompted him  to
take valuable leases for
himself at this time,
and soon his own wells
were flowing with
golden oil. When Pithole, once capital of
the  Pennsylvania  oil
region, was in its greatest glory, the Guffey
wells were among the
b e s t producers.  He
broadened his field and
established a 1 a r g e r
base for petroleum operations at Bradford,
Pa. Even at that tilme his operations were larger than
any other one man's or firm's.
Another opportunity came in I884, and Colonel
Guffey was at hand to grasp it. He entered the natural
gas industry. His main interests in this field were in
the Grapeville and Murraysville regions in Westmoreland County, right around the old home.  Following
closely upon his successes in these fields came his developments in the new Ohio and Indiana gas belt, where his
operations were extensive and productive.
Territorial limitations are unknown to men who do
JAMES McCLURG GUFFEY250  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P Ir T T S B U R G H
terian Church of Pittsburgh. His favorite noonday place
is at the Duquesne Club in Pittsburgh, or at the Manhattan Club in New York, while numerous other leading social and political clubs and societies are proud to
claim him as a member.
Col. Guffey is a man of reserve, and therein lies
much of the secret of his success. He is dignified, and
his strong, reserved personality is always respected and
influential for the best. His type of the colonel, a title
derived from his serving on the governor's staff, is
recognized, and once known he is always recognized.
His southern elegance and refined chivalry is perhaps
traceable to his boyhood-days at Louisville and Nashville, where his keen observation showed him what was
best in the southern gentleman. Although always one
of the busiest of men, he is always courteous and is ever
ready to give ear to those seeking him for counsel or
advice.
It would be difficult to enumerate the several companies in which Colonel Guffey is the leading spirit, while
to itemize those in which he is less interested would require larger space than can be given. He has the title
of president in a score of companies, is vice-president in
others, and is a director of all of these and many additional interests. The J. M. Guffey Petroleum Company
of Texas is the largest active oil interest he has to-day.
In mineral interests he is identified with the GuffeyGayley Gold Mining Company of California, the Trade
Dollar Consolidated Mining Company of Silver City,
Idaho, and the Guffey-Jennings Gold Mining Company
of Nova Scotia.
THE MANUFACTURERS' LIGHT : HEAT
CO. Numbered among the appreciated public service
corporations of the Pittsburgh district, the Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co. has the additional distinction
of being one of the largest producers and distributors of
natural gas in the world. At the commencement of the
present year the company was supplying 6I,919 customers. From 866 gas wells, through 2,898 miles of pipe,
during I906 it delivered to users no less than 39,088,478,ooo cubic feet of natural gas. Also, from 265 oil
wells, during the past year the company produced and
sold 143,207 barrels of oil. In all, the Manufacturers'
Light  Heat Co. has under lease 476,2I4 acres of
known oil and gas land. Of this leased land the company now holds in reserve 377,364 acres. Up to date
the area "operated" is 98,849 acres.  The company's
pipe lines extend from New Castle, Pennsylvania, on
the north, to Martinsville, West Virginia, on the south,
and from Clairton,, Pennsylvania, in the east, to Steubenville and East Liverpool, Ohio, in the west. Thus the
Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co. serves the numerous,
diversified and ever-increasing industries of a stretch of
country that (comprising, as it does, the Pittsburgh district and the upper Ohio Valley) is rightly said to be
things, and Colonel Guffey had proved himself a doer,
a man of keen thought and quick action at the right
time and place. Scarcely had he made a great success
in Ohio and Indiana when he found an opportunity out in
Kansas, where, in I 893, he opened the Neodesha oil
fields. By this time he had become like Charles Dickens'
Oliver, he wanted more. He found this more down in
Texas, where he and his associates drilled the first well
in I9OI and broght in the famous Lucas gusher. This
well had an original production of 70,000  barrels a  day.
The J. M. Guffey Petroleum Company was formed, and
leases were taken on a million acres of land, including
most of the noted Spindle Top. This Texas oil, crude
and refined, is now used throughout the world. It is
carried on the largest oil fleet afloat, and this is a
Guffey fleat.
Not only has Colonel Guffey supplied thousands of
cities and towns with the best and cheapest fuel the world
has known, but many towns have sprung up by the touch
of his magic wand to the earth. The town of Guffey,
thirty miles from Cripple Creek, is one of the several
named for him.
He is also one of the largest individual owners of
coal lands in the world. His holdings in coal are principally in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. He has extensive gold and silver mines in California, Colorado
and Idaho, while other profitable mining investments
have been made by him in Florida and Nova Scotia.
Col. Guffey has always been a stanch Jeffersonian
democrat. He is the spinal column of that party in his
own State, as well as one of the most important parts
of the national body. He has been importuned time and
again to become governor, to be United States Senator,
and even to allow his name to be presented for the highest office in the gift of the American people; he has
remained firmly in the background, except as counsellor
for his State and national committeeman for his party
in advocating clean politics. His influence in Pittsburgh
political affairs has been greater for his party and for
clean and right fighting than any other man's. His knowledge of human nature is so penetrating that he can discern a man's purpose as readily as he can fathomn a
gigantic industrial deal. He is master of himself' and
industry and man.
Colonel Guffey became a resident and citizen of
Pittsburgh in 1883, since which time he has been active
in everything pertaining to the best welfare of all, regardless of party lines in politics. For years he had a
beautiful home at Fifth and Highland Avenues; this
was relinquished for a handsome mansion in Fifth Avenue, in the choicest residence section of the city. He is
a trustee of Washington and Jefferson College, which
has been favored more than once from the Guffey hand
that never forsakes those in need, for Colonel Guffey
is known as one of the most philanthropic of men to the
deserving. He is a trustee also of the Highland PresbyT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B1 U R G H   2 5I
LIABILITIES.
Capital  stock..................... $2I1,500,000.00
Bonds less sinking  fund..............                   8,221I,000.00
Bills payable (under agreement extended
during  five  years ).............................         4,029,5s I 8.62
Accounts payable....................                        I107,507. I 3
Accrued  interest on  bonds.....................                    I 02,II34-00
Accrued tax  on bonds....................... 32 J96.oo
Security  deposits....................                       72,I o7.55
Surplus.............................                            2,72 I,698.88
$3,6,786, I 62.I 8
the busiest section of the United States. The various
industries served not only embrace so many different
forms of manufacturing, but also are growing so fast
that a temporary reverse to any particular industry would
not reduce perceptibly the demand for the, company's
products.
The great organization that is now known as the
Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co. had its beginning in
Washington County, Pennsylvania, in I884. Incorporated in May, I885, as the Manufacturers' Gas Co., with
a capitalization of $6oo,ooo, it laid the pipes through
which was supplied, a few months later, gas to the mills
of the South Side. In I889, taking the name of the
Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co., the Manufacturers'
Gas Company was merged with the Bellevue  Glenfield
Natural Gas Co., of Bellevue, Pennsylvania, and the
Peoples' Light  Heat Co., of Washington, Pennsvlvania. The capital stock was increased to $I0,000,000,
of which stock to the amount of $7,000,000 was issued.
On April 21, 1903, the present company was incorporated. Its capitalization then, as now, was $25,000,000.
With a $2 I,500,000   stock issue was announced the
merger of the herein named companies: The Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co., Waynesburg Natural Gas
Company, The Relief Gas Company, Mutual Benefit Gas
Company, Fort Pitt Gas Company, Citizens' National
Gas Company, Cannonsburg Light  Fuel Co. From
stock ownership the Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co.
also owns and controls the following companies: TriState Gas Company, Manufacturers' Gas Company, of
Elwood City, Pennsylvania; The Citizens National Gas
Company of Beaver County, The Wetzel Gas Company,
Royal Gas Company, Sewickley Electric Company, Osborne Electric Company, The Manufacturers' Light 
Heat Co. of West Virginia, The New Cumberland Water
 Gas Co., The Blacksville Oil  Gas Co., Jefferson
Telegraph Company, Sewickley Gas Company, Edgeworth Electric Company, and the Wheeling Natural Gas
Company (which corporation owns and controls The
Ohio Valley Gas Company, Venture Oil Company, Manufacturers' Gas Company of Wheeling, Natural Fuel
Company, and the Cameron Oil  Gas Co.). To adjust
equities so that the properties of all these companies
could be merged into one great holding, was a task that
called for large capital.
As shown by the consolidated balance sheet, charges
between companies eliminated, on December 3I, I906,
the financial condition of the company was as follows:
ASSETS.
Property...........................  $35,26o, I92.98
Treasury stock..................            628,6oo.oo
(Cash.............................                             348,68 I.75
Accounts  receivable............................                      534,534.57
Bills receivable............                                                    4,152.88
$3,6,786, I 62.I 8
The officers of the company are: H. B. Beatty,
President; O. H. Strong, Vice-President; L. A. Meyran,
Vice-President; E. H. Meyers, Treasurer, and H. E.
Seibert, Secretary and Assistant Treasurer. With the
President, Vice-Presidents and Treasurer on the Board
of Directors are F. N. Chambers, Henry I. Beers, James
Kuntz, Jr., William Flinn, E. H. Jennings, A. E. Succop,
J. W. Gill and Thomas Alexander. The officers and
directors of the company are pioneers in the oil and
gas industry. That under their administration the company has grown from what it was once in Washington
County to its present enormous proportions is about the
most eloquent tribute that could be paid to their foresight and business ability.
The general offices of the company are in the Farmers'
Bank  Building, Pittsburgh.  In  Pennsylvania  it has
branch offices at Washington, Waynesburg, Cannonsburg,
Coraopolis, McKees Rocks, Sewickley, Rochester, New
Brighton, Beaver Falls, Elwood City, New Castle, Clairton and McDonald; the locations of the West Virginia
branches are respectively Wellsburg, Moundsville, New
Cumberland, New Martinsville, Cameron and Wheeling;
its Ohio offices are in Bellaire, East Liverpool, Wellsville and Steubenville; everywhere in its territory the
company is in a position to do business advantageously.
Because, where obtainable, natural gas is a cheap,
safe and most convenient fuel, the purveyors of it are
assured of prosperity so long as the supply lasts. Holding as it does in reserve an immense acreage of proven
oil and gas land, the Manufacturers' Heat  Light Co.
confidently relies upon supplying all the requirements,
however great, of a constantly increasing number of customers for years and years to come. The officers of the
company see in the future a repetition of the years that
have passed, namely advancement and improvement in all
lines of their business. The better to take care of future
trade and to be prepared to meet satisfactorily enlarged
demands for its products, the company is investing
shrewdly in the extension and betterment of its facilities.
To describe in detail how greatly the production, distribution and utilization of natural gas have facilitated
manufacturing is almost impossible. But a look back2 52  T H E   S T- O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
opposition to Bannerot. Against the Marine Oil Company was waged that sort of commercial warfare in
which the tactics most resorted to are the circulation of
reports and price-cutting. Even for a business based on
the manufacture and sale of an article of well-recognized
value to be vigorously campaigned against is an ordeal
hard to endure. Bannerot not only held on, but actually
strengthened his position with the trade.
It is an old saying that "a poor cook will spoil the best
food." It is equally trtle that the manufacture of lubricating oils call for not only the requisite materials and
appliances, but also for the services of experts and the
exercise of the greatest care. The admittedly high quality, the uniform excellence of the lubricating oils made
by the Marine Oil Company is due to the "Premium
Pennsylvania Crude" used in the making, to the honest
methods employed and to the further fact that every
process and feature of the business is thoroughly supervised by practical, experienced and competent men. Mr.
Bannerot spares neither pains nor expense to insure to
the trade that all the lubricants marketed by the Marine
Oil Company are first-class, high-grade goods. To his
rigid adherence to this rule is largely attributed the unbroken success of the company.
The refinery of the Marine Oil Company is established at Warren, Pennsylvania. The office and compounding works of the concern are conveniently located
at I805-1807 Beaver Street, Allegheny. At the refinery
and in the compounding works are facilities, appointments that are complete and up to date. The employees
of the company at present number thirty-five.
Customers of the company usually send in "pretty
good-sized" orders.   Selling as it does its products in
wholesale quantities, the Marine Oil Company as a rule
puts up no small packages. The various lubricants are
supplied to the trade in half-barrels, barrels and tank
cars.
Thirty-five years of uninterrupted activity in the oil
business have enabled Mr. Bannerot to gain technical
knowledge, practical information of the greatest value
and utility.  So far as pertains to the manufacture of
lubricants he is looked up to as a recognized authority.
Yet in these days of research and scientific discovery, of
unceasing invention and multiplied application of power,
he who undertakes to provide that which is best adapted
to "oil the wheels of industry" has a task that taxes the
resources of experience and science. To the uninitiated
there is but little significance in a dab of axle grease, and
those not educated in such matters perceive with difficulty or not at all the considerable differences that exist
in various samples of machine oil.  In the stress of
strenuous and unmitigated competition it devolves upon
the manufacturer to explain and prove exactly how and
why, for a specified purpose, the use of this or that
formula is advantageous or otherwise.
Compared with the expense and risk incurred, the
over the years that intervene between the present and
the time that the "second pump station for the transportation of gas ever built" was erected by the predecessor
of the Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co. will show how
wonderfully natural gas has been adapted to the needs
of thousands of industries. If "he, who makes two
blades of grass grow where only one grew before, is accounted a benefactor," then a corporation  (that with
drills and dynamite smites the rocks deep down in the
earth and causes to gush forth gas that when piped from
the wells in the back districts to distant cities is latent
heat and power that can be used cheaply and advantageously for almost any purpose ) at least should be
credited with what it has contributed to the advancement
of the communities in which its works are located.
Placed end to end, in a continuous line, the pipes of the
Manufacturers' Light  Heat Co. would extend almost
across the continent. But the influence of the company
on trade and manufacturing is of far greater extent.
THE MARINE OIL COMPANY-Strictly speaking, the Marine Oil Company is neither a corporation
nor a partnership. It is just a trade designation, a name
under which is carried on the business that, from the beginning, has been, and is now, owned solely by A. A.
Bannerot.
When Mr. Bannerot modestly inaugurated the Marine
Oil Company in 1882 there were not lacking those who
predicted the early failure of the enterprise. Popularly
supported institutions of great financial strength, ably
directed, put forth all their efforts only to be crowded
ingloriously against the wall. One after another, more
or less ambitious undertakings in the oil business failed
dismally.  Out of the wreck and ruin of oil companies
grew a widespread disinclination to engage in a business
that seemed to be productive of evil results to all but a
favored few. But those who scoffed at Bannerot's attempts to set himself up as a manufacturer of lubricants
knew but little of the man's persistence and ability.
Though at the commencement his cash assets amounted
to but $250, he had considerable and invaluable experience gained while working for others. He was thoroughly practical. Realizing that the limitations of his
capital at that time forbade his manufacturing lubricating compounds in large quantities, he depended on quality and reliability to assure for his lubricants a steady
and growing trade. He studied hard, he experimented
continually to devise formulas of compounds that seemed
to be the best adapted for the work he had in view; as a
result of his experiments and studies the oils and greases
that he sold arquired the name of being most satisfactory lubricants.  The demand thus created grew and continued.
The merits of the various lubricants sold by the
Marine Oil Company being proven, the sales of the company greatly increased. In like ratio was augmented theT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    253.
abled the company to grasp f avorable opportunities
presented in the oil fields of Illinois. Quickly the company leased in Clark County large tracts of oil land.
This leasing turned out to be a most desirable investment. In Monroe County, Ohio, also the company secured valuable leaseholds. Last, but not least, it obtained
leases and tapped oil in paying quantities in West Virginia.
Itemized by States, the acreage and present oil production of the company is as follows:
In Pennsylvania it has under lease 300 acres on which
are four wells yielding 30 barrels a day.
In Ohio the area of its field is I,ooo acres, only 300
acres of which have been touched so far; on the developed tract are 20 wells producing daily Ioo barrels.
In Illinois the company has leased 9,ooo acres; on
the 3,ooo acres that have been operated upon up to date
are II0 wells delivering oil at the rate of I,ooo barrels
daily.
In West Virginia on the I,5oo acres which the company holds, work has just commenced; it is anticipated,
however, that further development in this section will
add greatly to the company's oil production. As yet
only a single well has been sunk there, but that one is
proving to be a good producer.
The company now  owns and keeps constantly employed three large drilling machines, and eight strings of
tools. Its working force at present consists of about I50
men.
Besides its main office in Pittsburgh, the company
has opened district offices in Woodsfield, Ohio, and Casey,
Illinois.
The three founders of the old Mars Drilling Company are still actively connected with the affairs of its
successor; W. J. Burke is president of the company, and
T. M. Barnsdall and A. H. Lewis are on the Board of
Directors. The other officers and directors of the company are P. J. Kane, Vice-President, and M. J. Gannon,
Secretary and Treasurer.
Aside from the success he has achieved in the oil
business, W. J. Burke, the president of the Mars Oil 
Gas Co., has otherwise attracted f avorable notice. An
old-time employee of the Pittsburgh and Western Railroad, he still retains his membership in the Order of
Railway Conductors. In that organization he has served
as Grand Trustee, and is now on the General Grievance
Committee f or the Baltimore  Ohio Railroad System.
In the early days of the oil excitement in Butler County,
Burke divided his time between railroading and endeavoring to gain experience and other remuneration in the
exploitation of petroleum. His well-considered ventures
succeeded; through his investments he acquired "quite
a bit" of valuable oil property. Though he has enough
now to be accounted a capitalist, Burke continues to
be prominent in the labor organizations of Allegheny
County, in which he is much respected.
profits, if any, accrtling to the manufacturer of lubricating oils, who is not associated with the trust, are relatively small. Mr. Bannerot's expansion of his original
$250 into $250,000 in 25 years of effort was not brought
about by obtaining inordinate profits. On the contrary, it
occurred because he sold AI goods so reasonably as to
be able to retain and increase his trade. What he made
was again judiciously invested in such ways as would
secure the betterment, if possible, of his products and
make practicable an enlarged and yet larger output. Extended and reinforced by the accretions of each succeeding year, the business of the Marine Oil Company eventually attained its present size and substantiality.
Naturally the company looks to the numerous manufacturing concerns of the Pittsburgh district for a large
portion of its support. The expectation, which has been
justified of securing considerable patronage from steamboat owners, suggested the name of the Marine Oil Company. But the business of the company is far from being entirely local. Its trade extends to all parts of the
United States, and its exports to foreign countries are
items of importance.
THE MARS OIL  GAS CO.-Persistence guided
by business sagacity gets ahead. Industry and good
judgment aided by luck form an invincible combination.
The Mars Oil  Gas Co. is an illustration of how a
well-managed business has prospered and grown.
In 1895 it started out with a string of tools to drill
oil wells. Its subsequent history shows that those who
are unwearied in well-doing receive rich rewards.
In the beginning, though called the Mars Drilling
Company, the organization was unincorporated.  In it
but three men were interested. They were W. J. Burke,
T. M. Barnsdall and A. H. Lewis. Successful in its first
contract, the firm, month after month, day by dav, drilled
away methodically. Throughout the district it made a
record  for expeditious and satisfactory work.  Again
and again it enlarged its operations. In I899 its working equipment was increased to twelve strings of tools.
The luck of the company continued. Inspired by the success it achieved in boring oil wells for others, the company risked taking some oil leases on its own account.
The leaseholds which the company acquired proved to
be very valuable. Abundant proof - of the good judgment
shown in securing the leases was supplied by the wells
wlich the company  drilled on  its own property.  In
I905, when its wells were yielding I50 barrels a day, the
company was incorporated.
The Mars Oil  Gas Co. was organized under the
laws of the State of West Virginia with a capitalization
of $Ioo,ooo. The capital stock was divided into 4,000
shares, the par value of which was $25 per share.
Soon after it was incorporated the company extended
its operations beyond the boundaries of Pennsylvania.
The practical knowledge of its officers and directors enIn July, Igo6, was authorized an increase of the capital stock of the Mars Oil  Gas Co. to $500,000; of this
amount only $360,000 was issued, the remaining $I40,ooo being retained in the treasury of the company.
Both industrially and financially the company has
made a good record. Its work has been done advantageously, the excellent success which attended the opening up of its various oil tracts bids fair to be increased
and continued. Even though it does not add to its holdings the Mars Oil  Gas Co. apparently has enough in
sight now to keep it busy and prosperous for years.
THE MONONGAHELA NATURAL GAS COMPANY-Not only the cost, but the value of fuel must
be considered in successful
manufacturing-. N a t u r a 1
gas, cheaply  obtained, is
susceptible of very advantageous utilization. A potential contribution to the
success of a n u m1 b e r of
large industrial enterprises
in Pittsburgh  is the fuel
supply  obtained  from  the
pipes of the Monongahela
Natural Gas Company.
In Allegheny and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, and  in Marion
County, West Virginia, the
Monongahela Natural Gas
Company controls a large
acreage, and its aggregate
gas  production, piped  to
Pittsburgh, supplies abundantly the ever-flaming fires
of the wvorks of the Oliver
Iron  Steel Co., and various other mills and factories in this city.  It has
profitably operated for oil
and gas since I889, yet now
included in its reserve holdings are considerable tracts of
the best gas territory adjacent to Pittsburgh. In sinking
new wells, and in looking after its pumping operations,
the company employs Ioo men. It is capitalized at $I,000,000.
The officers of the Monongahela Natural Gas Company are: Henry Oliver, President; T. B. Foley, Treasurer and General Manager, and John Jenkins, Secretary.
The directors of the corporation are: George T. Oliver,
Henry R. Rea, Henry Oliver, John C. Oliver and T. B.
Foley.
Managed judiciously, operated conservatively, this
valuable property, for years to come, will be one of Pittsburgh's most available sources of fuel supply. Though
certain of the oil and gas fields in the Pittsburgh district
apparently are either partially or comnpletely worked out,
of the undeveloped and inexhausted territory enough
remains to postpone the cessation of Pittsburgh's natural
gas supply to the somewhat distant future.
JOHN M. PATTERSON-In the ups and downs of
the oil business in Pennsylvania, from the time of Drake's
discovery to the present day, have been fluctuations
greater than those in prices. Some operators have been,
through no fault of their own, unfortunate, a few, without any special exertion on their part, were extremely
lucky. But in the main, in transactions in oil as in other
commodities, the men who achieved success were the
ones who deserved it. Not
to the visionary, nor yet to
the stickler does success
come most frequently. Even
though his bank account be
something less than the sum
that the multimillionaire is
popularly supposed to keep
on deposit, even though his
holdings do not embrace
controlling interests in the
largest corporations, he is a
fortunate man wvho can look
back over his business struggles and say, "Well, anyway
I did the best that I could."
Of men in the oil business,
some would say that success
is a question of opportunity
and application rather than
of ethics.  Yet it is indisputable, after all, that the
men who in the best sense
are most successful, the ones
who are really looked up to
and respected are those who
managed their affairs with
skill and ability, who were
energetic, resourceful and persevering, who in the face of
adversity were cheerful, courageous and unintimidated.
In this class of successful men may be placed, most appropriately, John M. Patterson, the Secretary of the
Imperial Oil Company.
JOHN VINCENT SLOAN-John Vincent Sloan is
director of the Etna Indemnity Company of Hartford,
Connecticut, president of the New York  Pittsburgh
Coal Co., and vice-president of the San Toy Mining
Company. He was born June 30, I864, at Stellacoom,
Washington. His father was the Rev. George W. Sloan,
a Presbyterian minister; his mother, R. M. Cokrain, of
Pittsburgh.  He comes of an old pioneer family, his
JOHN V. SLOANT H  E   S':1 0 R Y   0 F   P I T T S B1 U  R G H    25 5
great-grandfather, Captain John Sloan, having settled on
the site of Latrobe after serving eight years in the War
of the Revolution. He was captain of a company of
"Rangers" in the later troubles with the Indians in the
vicinity of Fort Duquesne and Hannahstown, Pa. His
home farm is now partially covered by the town of Latrobe, the stone house and barn, yet standing, were built
over one hundred years ago. His grandfather, the Hon.
John Sloan of Clarion County, represented Armstrong
and Venango Counties before Clarion County was separated.
John Vincent Sloan was educated at Harvard College, and was a member of the class of I890. At first
he followed the profession of teaching, then he returned
to Washington in 1880 and engaged in mining and other
pursuits, later becoming associated with F. Augustus
Heinze, of Butte, Montana, in the United Copper Company, placing the shares and listing the stocks in Pittsburgh. Mr. Sloan was also in the original purchase and
subsequent development of the San Toy Mining Company of Chihuahua, Mexico.
He was married March 4, I886, to Emma James,
daghter of Doctor and Mrs. J. W. James, of Brady's
Bend, Pa. They have three children: Genevieve K.
Sloan, George James Sloan and John Sloan, Jr.
Mr. Sloan's clubs are the Pittsburgh Country Club,
Pittsburgh Press Club, Masonic Club, Harvard Club,
New York, and City Club.
THE TREAT AND CRAWFORD INTERESTS
-The Treat and Crawford Interests was organized as
producers of crude oil in I900. The officers of the company are George W. Crawford, president; J. M. Garard,
vice-president; H. C. Reeser, secretary and treasurer.
Directors are M. C. Treat, George W. Crawford, J. M.
Garard, John Kinkaid.
The company is capitalized at $3I6,400 under the
laws of West Virginia. It has no bonds and no debts.
The company sold its production several years ago,
and is now only operating in a small way.
The offices are at 20I7 Farmers' Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, Pa. It was one of the earliest companies in
the production of crude oil, and the forerunner of many
which have interested its officers.
OHIO FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY-The Ohio Fuel Supply Company, which has offices at 2017 Farmers' Bank
Building, Pittsburgh, and branches at Uniontown, Connellsville, Scottdale and Mount Pleasant, Pa., is a corporation owning large natural gas fields in Knox and
Licking Counties, Ohio, and possessing a reserve field
in West Virginia of over IOO,OOO acres of developed
product. It supplies about 75 towns and villages in Ohio.
The officers and directors are all practical gas men.
They are George W. Crawford, president; F. W. Crawford, vice-president; J. M., Garard, vice-president; H. C.
Reeser, secretary and treasurer; J. B. Wickoff, assistant
secretary and treasurer. The company was established
May, 1902, with authorized capital of $8,ooo,ooo, and
issued $7,ooo,ooo; it has no bonds.
About ten years ago M. C. Treat and George W.
Crawford, of the firm of Treat  Crawford, organized
the Corning Natural Gas Company at Corning, Ohio.
Shortly afterwards they organized the Nelsonville Natural Gas Company, United Natural Gas Company, Mt.
Vernon Natural Gas Company, Roseville  Crooksville
Natural Gas Co., and the Bremen  Rushville Natural
Gas Co. They were merged into the Ohio Fuel Supply
Company, which purchased the Great Southern Oil  Gas
Co. of Zanesville, and the Federal Gas  Fuel Co. of
Columbus, Ohio. Large fields in Knox and Licking
Counties were acquired and lined to Zanesville, Columbus,
and an eighteenth line to Cincinnati was laid.
FAYETTE COUNTY GAS COMPANY-The Fayette
County Gas Company has a fine block of gas territory
in Marion, Lewis, Harrison and Monongahela Counties,
West Virginia, also in Fayette and Greene Counties,
Pennsylvania.
It supplies Uniontown, Connellsville, Scottdale, Mt.
Pleasant, Youngwood, Dawson and Dunbar.
The company is organized for the producing, transporting and selling of natural gas, and is capitalized as
follows: West Virginia corporation, $ 1,600,000; outstanding bonds, $IOO,OOO; pays monthly dividends at
rate of 6 per cent. per annum. Par value of stock, IOO;
market price, 97 to 98.
The company was established in I900 with officers
as follows: George W. Crawford, president; J. M.
Garard, vice-president; H. C. Reeser, secretary and treasurer. The directors are M. E. Treat, George W. Crawford, John W. Donnan, John E. Gill and J. C. McDowell. Offices are at 2017 Farmers' Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, and at Uniontown, Connellsville, Scottdale
and Mt. Pleasant.
THE SOUTHERN OHIO GAS COMPANY-The SOUTHern Ohio Gas Company is an Ohio corporation for the
production, transportation and selling of natural gas. It
is capitalized at $300,000 with no bonds, and pays quarterly dividends at the rate of 6 per cent.
Its gas field is in Vinton and Jackson Counties, Ohio,
and supplies Wellston, Hamden, McArthur, Glen Boy
and Jackson, Ohio.
The par value of the stock is $25, market price, $30.
Its offices are at 2017 Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh, and at Wellston and Jackson, Ohio.
The company was established in I 904, and its officers are: George W. Crawford, president; J. M. Garard,
vice-president; H. C. Reeser secretary and treasrer and
J. B. Wickoff, assistant secretary and treasurer. The
directors are: M. C. Treat, George W. Crawford, H. C.
Reeser, F. W. Crawford, J. M. Garard, E. M. Treat and
O. C. Hagan.
UNITED FUEL GAS COM PANY-The United Fuel GasCompany, which has recently been organized by well
known men in the natural gas business, has for its officers George W. Crawford, president; F. W. Crawford,
vice-president; J. M. Garard, vice-president; H. C.
Reeser, secretary and treasurer, and J. B. Wickoff, assistant secretary and treasurer.  That it will soon be a
factor of importance in the Pittsburgh and Ohio districts
is palpably evident.
UNION NATURAL GAS CORPORATION-The
sixth annual report of Union Natural Gas Corporation.
Farmers' Bank Building, is as follows:
PITTSBURGH, Pa., February II, I908.
To the stockholders:
The Board of Directors herewith submit their report
for the fiscal year ending December 31, I907:
Since the last annual report your company, through
its underlying companies, has acquired 52,446.48 acres
of new oil and gas leases, and surrendered 41,248.25
acres that have proven unproductive, and now  holds
237,4II.33 acres, an increase during the year of II,I98.23 acres. In addition to the above, your company
owns one-half interest in 55,80I.I4 acres in West Virginia through its ownership in stock of the Reserve Gas
Company.
During the year your company has purchased 4 gas
wells, and drilled II8 wells, of which I5 were gas
wells, and 13 were unproductive, and now has a total
of 4 oil wells in Ohio; 489 gas wells in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and through its ownership of stock in the Reserve Gas Company, one-half interest in II3 wells in
West Virginia.  The wells completed in the Ohio field
during the year have an open-flow  daily capacity exceeding 225,000,000  cubic feet, which is in excess of the
amount of new development in any year since the organization of your company. The increased number of
non-productive wells over previous years is largely due
to the testing of undeveloped territory, in view of determining its character and surrendering leases wherever the development seemed to justify it.  This policy
has also resulted in our having developed many productive wells in excess of our immediate requirements,
in consequence it is anticipated that our drilling expense
for the coming year will be materially reduced.
There were laid in field lines, 56.73 miles; in extensions in cities and towns, 6 miles, a total of 62.73 miles
of pipe. No main lines were laid during the year.
Two additional units, of I,ooo H.-P. each, were installed in the Bangs compressing station, which is now
complete with the most modern type of equipment and
of sufficient capacity to meet all requirements.
Increase in number of consumers during I907:
Domestic.......................... 6,063
Special...........................    70
Total increase.....................    6,133
Number of consumers as of Dec. 3I, I907:
Domestic......................... 8o, 588
Special..........................    2,0I4
Total.......................... 82,602
No new  distributing plants were installed during the
year.
Statements of the financial condition of the company
are submitted herewith.
T. N. BARNSDALL,
President Board of Directors.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR YEAR I907.
GROSS EARNINGS: (Gas, Electricity, Etc.)............ $3,658,090.19
LESS: Gas Purchased................................   436,502.24
$3,221,587.95
LESS: Operating Expenses, Including Taxes, Rentals,
Royalties and Drilling of 122 Wells..............  I,I43,635.57
NET INCOME FROM  OPERATIONS....................  $2,077,952.38
LESS: Interest on Funded and Current Debt $268,079.I4
LESS: Dividends paid in 1907, "Union" Corporation  (IO%  on $9,000,000.00)......  9oo,ooo.oo
I,I68,079. I4
NET TO SURPLUS: For year I907.....................  $909,873.24
CONSOLIDATED SUPPLEMENTAL AND FINAL BALANCE
SHEET, DECEMBER  31, I907.
DR.           CR.
ASSETS: Investment..................    $I6,281,60I.59
LIABILITIES: Accounts  Payable  Less
Accounts Receivable, Cash, Etc...                      $459,224.63
BONDS:  "Union"......... $2,700,000.00
Underlying  Companies (See Note)..  902,000.00
3,602,000.00
CAPITAL STOCK: (90,000 shares)......                       9,000,000.00
Surplus to  I905.........  $I,226,0I4.82
Surplus in  1905.........   448,537.38
Surplus in  I9O6.........    635,951.52
Surplus in  I907.........   909,873.24
3,220,376.96
TOTAL LIABILITIES............    $I6,281,601.59  $I6,28I,60I.59
Note:-The bonds of the Underlying Companies run from fifteen (I5)
to  twenty-five  (25)  years  and  are
mostly 5%  bonds.
Earnings  for  January,
I9o8 (Approx.)......  $425,000.00
Earnings  for  February,
I9o08 (Approx.)......   465,000.00
-    $890,000.00
Expenses for January  and  February,
including Bond Interest and Gas
Purchased (Approx.)..............       290,000.00
Approximate Net Earnings for January
and February, I9o8...............  $600oo,ooo.oo
Dividend paid in January...............     225,000.00
$375,000.00
The  underlying  companies  are  supplying  through
their  own  distributing  systems  gas  to  Bradford  and
Warren in Pennsylvania, and the following towns in
Ohio:   Athens,  Ashland, Adelpha, Bellevue, Bucyrus,T H  E   S T O  R Y   O F   P I':L T S B U  R G IH1   257
Carey, Cardington, Centerburg, Chicago, Chillicothe,
Circleville, Clyde, Crestline, Clearport, Elyria, Findlay,
Fostoria, Fremont, Galion, Galena, Hallsville, Homer,
Hebron, Kingston, Lorain, Laurelville, Logan, Marion,
Mansfield, Millersport, Monroeville, Mt. Gilead, Newark, Norwalk, North Amherst, Plymouth, Rock Bridge,
Stoutsville, Shelby, Sugar Grove, Sunberry, Thornville,
Tiffin, Upper Sandusky, Westerville, Utica.
They are also delivering at the city limits and supplying gas on a favorable percentage basis, through distributing systems owned by other companies, in Sandusky, Delaware, Mt. Vernon, Nelsonville and Dayton,
Ohio.
Officers and directors for year I908-Directors:
T. N. Barnsdall, G. T. Braden, E. P. Whitcomb, H. McSweeney, P. W. Lupher, A. B. Baxter, W. W. Splane,
H. J. Spuhler and Wm. L. Missimer. Officers: T. N.
Barnsdall, President; E. P. Whitcomb, Vice-President
and General Manager; W. R. Hadley, Secretary and
Treasurer; Geo. R. Brink, Assistant Secretary and Treasurer.  Executive Board:  T. N. Barnsdall, E. P. Whitcomb, G. T. Braden.
THE WAVERLY OIL WORKS-The Waverly
Oil Works was established in I88o, S. M. Willock being
sole proprietor. It is capitalized at $5oo,ooo. They are
independent refiners of Pennsylvania crude oil, making
a full line of products: gasoline, illuminating oils, lubricating oils and paraffine wax. They have sixty-five emplovees. The works and offices are located on the Allegheny River at Fifty-fourth Street and B.  A. V. Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. They have no branch
establishments.
They operate nine tank wagons for city trade, and
solicit all consuming trade within I25 miles of Pittsburgh.
Their jobbing trade extends over the entire United States
and Europe. They operate a line of tank cars.
The Waverly Oil Works refine 500 barrels of crude
oil daily the year round. This has grown from their
original capacity of 80 barrels per day.  They refine
nothing but high-priced Pennsylvania crude oil. It is
interesting to note that, although considered rather a
hazardous risk by insurance companies, they have had
only one fire in all the twenty-seven years of operation.
In I88o, when the plant was started, Pittsburgh was
an important center for independent refineries, and had
numerous plants of such character. To-day "Waverly"
is the only one lef t. The others went under on account
of Standard tactics and fierce competition incident to the,
business or were purchased by the Standard Oil Company. The "Waverly" is the only oil refinery in the
United States operated by an individual, the others all
being operated by partnership or corporation.
It being impossible to compete with the Standard
Oil Company in price, the entire success of the "Waverly"
is due to the superior quality of its products demanding
high prices.
S. M. Willock, who is the sole proprietor of the
Waverly Oil Works, is of Scotch-Irish birth, coming of
an old Pittsburgh family. His father was born on Third
Avenue, Pittsburgh, in I812. Mr. Willock at first followed the profession of school teaching from 186o to
I862, then after various clerkships entered the iron business in Ohio I868 to 1870. After several years of oil
jobbing he became oil broker and secretary of the old
Pittsburgh Oil Exchange I876 to I88o, when he established the Waverly Oil Works, which has claimed his
attention up to the present time.
Mr. Willock is vice-president of the National Petroleum Association, which has led during the past few
years in the fight against railroads and the Standard Oil
Company for fair rates and no rebates.
To improve Pittsburgh's conditions Mr. Willock
says: "Slackwater the Ohio to Cairo, build the canal
to the Great Lakes and give us water transportation all
year to the Northwest, West and South. With these improvements Pittsburgh will be absolutely assured of retaining her present relative position in the world for
another century."
LUBRICATING OIL
PETROLEUM'S FAME AS A LUBRICANT NOW ONE OF ITS CHIEF
REASON S FO R SA LE
Oil is commonly referred to as the great illuminant,
but petroleum's fame, considering the great growth of
gas and electric lihting, would be a rapidly diminishing
one were it not for a far wider and inexhaustible field of
demand. The fluid's largest sales come to it as lubricating oil. One of the advantages is that even when people
abandon illuminating oil, and take gas or electricity,
there still remains use for oil-it must be used to lubricate the machinery producing the other kinds of light.
Pittsburgh being a machinery district, it naturally f ollows it is a great user of lubricating oil.  However, the
lubricating oil is largely produced here and enjoys a
world-wide market, while Pittsburgh is continually making, machinery to extend its use.  A  number of concerns in this vicinity, which deal exclusively in lubricating oils or do a large business in this line, enjoy a degree
of prosperity unexcelled in any other industry.
THE ECLIPSE LUBRICATING OIL WORKSAt Franklin, Pennsylvania, the factories and appurtenances of the Eclipse Lubricating Oil Works cover over
250I acres.  The noted products of this immense and famous institution are distributed throughout the length
and breadth of the earth. Of all the oil refining establishments in the world, the "Eclipse" is the only one that
successfully  manufactures  every  commercial  product
made from petroleum. The gigantic scale in which thisThe sphere of trust companies has broadened with
the change in business conditions and the consequent increasing financial intricacy of corporations. They were
originally formed to act as trustees of estates and to
execute other trusts, but now they have safe deposit accounts, act as transfer agents, and frequently engage in
the work of commercial banks. Many receive time deposits and accept deposits subject to withdrawal by check.
THE BANK OF PITTSBURGH, N. A. (NATIONAL BANK)-Brighter than the glitter of gold is
the lustre of an untarnished reputation.
So far as the records of banking institutions in the
United States have been inscribed by time on the scroll
of fame on the list of
those that have done the
best, the name of the
Bank of Pittsburgh leads
all the rest. To the extent that history takes
cognizance of banking
transactions, the oldest
bank *west of the Alleghenies, eve r  distinguished by financial integrity of the highest
grade, is more honorably accredited than any
other bank in the country.
For years four score
and seventeen the Bank
of Pittsburgh has seen
the city grow up around
it.
In I8IO the Bank of
Pittsburgh was established.
The entire stock of
actual cash, hard coin,
in  th e country  then
amounted to less than $io,ooo,ooo.  From  I 8 o  to
i850, while they lived, hundreds of banks did business on fictitious capitalization.  Possessing doubtful
and scanty assets, they issued notes that soon depreciated
into disrepute and worthlessness.  The iniquity of this
bank-note circulation was made worse by the impoverishment of State and national treasuries.  At times
neither the States nor the Nation could pay even the
interest on their debts. In the panics of I816 and I8i8,
in the period of commercial disaster that culminated in
I837, and in the woefully hard times that preceded the
Civil War, the inexorable honesty, the strength and preparedness of the Bank of Pittsburgh were best shown.
From the first, so far as a bank safely and legitimately might lend aid to Pittsburgh's ever-growing indclustries, the Bank of Pittsburgh has most notably displayed its public spirit and its civic pride. Never deviating
from the course it has so successfully pursued; invariably
conservative when conservatism was significant of honesty and common sense; always using its means and influence for the betterment of business methods and coinditions, it has been ever an appreciated factor in promoting
Pittsburgh's prestige.
From the frontier town of ISIo to Pittsburgh's status
to-day, is growth extraordinary.  In keeping, however,
with the city's marvelous increase in trade and productiveness, the Bank of Pittsburgh has atplified its power
to serve.  Placed at the disposal of its patrons are the
extensive connections and great financial strength acquired in 97 years of
continuous growth.
Among comparatively recent acquisitions are
the prerogatives of a
national bank, obtained
in  i 899, and  the resources and business of
the Iron City National
Bank and the Merchants'
and Manufacturers' National Bank, which were
merged with The Bank
of Pittsburgh, N. A.
(National Bank), in
1904.
On August 22, I 97,
the bank's condition was
thus indicated:  Capital
stock, $2,400,000; surplus and undivided profits, $2,854,176.73; circul at i o n, $2,167,597.50;
due from banks and cash
in vaults, $4,584,967.37;
deposits,  $16,824,872.66; total resources, $24,243,017.31.  Such figures speak for themselves.'Ihey
show beyond any doubt the present immensity and solidity of the institution that has been so honorably identified
with the history of Pittsburgh for nearly zioo years.
In its building, as in other things, the Bank of Pittsburgh gives evidence of its invariable association with the
solidest and best. The beautiful front on Fourth Avenue is a work of architecture that would attract attention anywhere. The classic design evidenced in the building's outlines is continued in the spacious interior. Finished with the finest bronze and Pavanozzo marble,
adapted and furnished in conformity with the bank's requiremients, it impresses the visitor, not with the amount
of money expended, but with  dignity  and  subdued
elegance.
THE BANK OF PITT'SBURGHbusiness is carried on at the Eclipse Lubricating Oil
Works is indicated by the fact that the company uses
at least Io,ooo barrels of crude oil daily. The "Eclipse
Works," with all their facilities, with all the labor-saving appliances, keeps constantly busy upwards of 700
operatives.  So many as I50 different products in a day
are manufactured.  Put through the various processes,
the mnillions of barrels of crude oil which the company
handles every year are productive of sales by the Eclipse
Lubricating Oil Works to the extent of $I,ooo,ooo a
month, with a strong and constantly growing demand.
Nowhere are the various products of petroleum
manufactured more scientifically or inade with greater
care than by the Eclipse Lubricating Oil Works. Users
of lubricants, especially, not only in the United States,
but almost everywhere, have ascertained, after thorough
investigation and trial, that the lubricating oils and
greases manufactured and sold by the Eclipse Lubricating Oil Works are preferable to all others. The United
States'Navy, Twhich certainly is a "stickler" for quality,
uses these lubricants almost exclusively, and this enidorsement by the Government needs no comment.
GALENA-SIGNAL  OIL  COMPANY-The Galena-Signal Oil Company, whose principal office and
works are located at Franklin, Pa., was organized in
1902 with a capital of $Io,ooo,ooo.  Its present general
officers are: President, General Charles Miller; VicePresident, J. S. Coffin; Secretary, J. French Miller;
Treasurer, E. H. Sibley; Chairman of the Board, Hon.
Joseph C. Sibley. Its business, the manufacture and sale
of Galena oils for railroad use, extends to nearly all the
great divTisions of the civilized world. The company has
two branch manufacturing plants in America, one located
at Parkersburg, WVest Virginia, and the other at Toronto,
Canada.
This present great enterprise dates its origin back to
1869 when General Miller and his partner, John Coon,
doing business under the firm name of Miller  Coon,
purchased a refinery at Franklin, Pa., known as the Point
Lookout Works. It was located at Hoge's Point at the
mouth of French Creek, and its daily manufacturing
capacity was only Ioo barrels. A few months later Mr.
R. L. Cochran was taken in as a partner, and the firm
name changed to Miller, Coon  Co. In January, I870,
PLANT OF ECLIPSE LUBRICATING OIL COMPANY, FRANKLIN, PA.Mr. Cochran retired and was succeeded by Mr. R. H.
Austin, the firm  name then becoming Miller, Austin
 Co.
In August of the same year, when all prospects were
favorable for a growing and profitable business, the partners suffered the misfortune of having their plant entirely destroyed by fire with a financial loss of approximately $20,000. The old Dale refinery about one-half
mile farther up the creek was at once purchased and built
over to suit the needs of the new owners. Within one
month after the fire Galena oils were again being manufactured and offered for
s a 1 e.  The additional
capital made necessary
by reason of the fire was
obtained by taking in another partner, Mr. H. B.
Plumer.  The title was
then changed to that of
Galena Oil Works.
Seven years later, in
I878, 1MIessrs. Co o n,
Austin   Plumer disposed of their interests
to'individ-luals connected
with the Standard Oil
Comipany.  From  I875
until I898 the business
was carried on by the
Galena Oil Works, Ltd.,
when the title assumed
was that of Galena Oil
Comnpany. A consolidation took place in I902
with the Signal Oil Co.,
an allied corporation of
which Hon. Joseph C.
Sibley was president.
The present Galena-Signal Oil Company was
duly organized with
General AMiller retained
as president.  I n the
thirty-three years which
had elapsed since he had
first planted the enterprise it had grown to great
proportions.
Galena oils owe their popularity and extensive use to
the fact that they are antiheating, have certain important safety qualities, and, furthermore, that they are so
enriched by various chemical compounds that they have
great supporting and wearing power, and can be so
varied in their composition as to be adapted to every
grade and requirement of railroad service, and prove
equally satisfactory under all climatic conditions.  A
noteworthy feature of the business is the employment of
a large force of mechanical experts to furnish free to
patrons their services in supervisiing the oils in actual
use and to aid in securing the best possible results.
Of such proven excellence is the quality of the oils
that though the price per gallon is the same to all purchasers, yet when previous reliable records are available
for purposes of comparison, positive  guaranties are
given'to customers that the ultimate net cost shall not
exceed a certain figure per thousand miles run.  The
constituent parts of these oils have such properties that
they effect a great saving in the wearing of the metals
on which they are used.
The perfect lubrication
produced  by  the  oils
effects also a saving in
the amount of fuel required. By reason of the
wearing qualities a n d
adaptability of their oils
as above set forth, the
Galena-Signal Oil Coinpany and its predecessors have in the thirtyeight years of their existence, besides obviating the delays to traffic
previously caused by hot
bearings  and  journals,
saved for their patrons
directly  and  indirectly
sums believed to aggregate several millions of
dollars.
Sibley's  Perfection
Valve Oil, manufactured
by this company, was the
first successful cylinder
oil ever made from  petroleum  stocks.  It replaced the higher-priced
animal oils and greases
previously used, some of
which  caused  immense
destruction  to  s t e a m
chests.
Sibley's Perfection Signal Oil, also mlade by this
company, has been in use since 1873, and is believed
for the purpose of railway lanterns to be unequaled in
the quality of light, safety and cold test.  There has
never been known a case in which any accident occurred
owing to its failure to do its work properly.
The Galena-Signal Oil Comipany has within the past
few  years introduced Railway Safety Oil, which is
offered as immeasurably superior in its composition and
far safer than anything heretofore conmmonly in use for
switch stands, setmaphores and headlights. It has greater
MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES MILLERability to penetrate the darkness than any other oil, and
in burning has the advantage of not encrusting the wick.
A most striking feature in connection with the history of the company in the past three years has been the
introduction of its oils on electric lines. The number of
such companies now using Galena oils on their equipment is approximately 400. The same gratifying results
have followed the use of Galena oils on electric lines as
on steam  roads, namely: more perfect lubrication and
lower net cost of service. At several World Fairs and
International Expositions medals and diplomas have by
scientific men been awarded to these oils, and they have
by practical railroad men long been recognized in this
and foreign countries as the standard for efficiency,
safety and economy.
Major-General Charles Miller, of Franklin, Pa., was
born June 15, I843, in Alsace, France, in the quaint little
village of Oberhoffen, about fifteen miles distant from
the famous city of Strasburg.  His father, Chretien
MIiller, of Huguenot ancestry, was a man of
much force of character, as well as of great
physical vigor. In I854
the family emigrated to
the United States and
settled in Erie County,
New  York, where the
father purchased a
f a r m, o n' i whi c h he
passed  quietly the remainder of his life.
Though in his early
years General Miller's
opportunities for educa-'
tion were no better'than
those of the average boy
of that period who lived remote from  the higher
class of schools, nevertheless such was his earnest determination to improve himself that from the age of
thirteen, when he began to earn his own living, and continuing up to the present day, he has zealously employed
much of his leisure time in reacling and studying the
most esteemed authors, with the result that few business men have a more extensive knowledge of history
than he, or a wider outlook upon the world. His private
library is one of the largest and best selected of any in
northwestern Pennsylvania.
He first began in business for himself as a country
merchant in I864 in a little village in western New
York.  His capital consisted of only a few  hundred
dollars, which he had laboriously saved from his wages
as a clerk in a dry-goods store in Buffalo. The venture
proved a success, and in i866 he disposed of his store
and located in Franklin, Pa., where in partnership with
John Coon, of Buffalo, he for three years did a large
and thriving business in dry goods. The fall in prices
was then so great as to equal all the profits and nearly
the whole of the capital invested.
In I869 the partners embarked in the manufacturing
and selling of Galena oils for railroad use. The following year the works burned down, and Miller  Coon
founcl themselves liable' for $32,000, while their assets
amounted to only about $6,ooo. The outlook was discouraging in the extreme.  Plucking up their courage
and determining to win at all hazards, they secured additional capital and purchased another building.  They
completed the necessary alterations so that within one
month they were again putting Galena oils upon the
market. The management of affairs was always in the
hands of General Miller. After 38 years of untiring
work he has had the satisfaction not only of seeing these
oils awarded many medals at WVorld Fairs and International Expositions, but what is more gratifying, to see
themn recognized by practical railroad men throughout
the United States and
foreign countries as the
standard of excellence,
safety and economy.
While many an able
man might consider it a
sufficient task to perform the duties of president of the Galena-Signal Oil Company, General Miller has also
found time to take an
active part in the management of many other
g r e a t manufacturing
and commercial enterprises. Out of upwards
of forty companies in
which he is now a director may be mentioned the Railway
Steel Spring Company, American Steel Foundry Company, and American Locomotive Company. Several of
Franklin's leading industries, which are widely known
both at home and abroad, are either clue to General Miller's initiative, or have been greatly aided by his advice
and financial assistance.
So packed has been General Miller's life with business activities that he has not felt that he could allow
himself the luxury of holding any public office which
would long take him away from the duties ancld responsibilities that he had already assumed.  Nevertheless he
has been the recipient of many evidences of appreciation
and esteem.  Only a few of these need here be stated.
He has served two terms as Mayor of Franklin, six
years as member of the State Board of Charities, one
term as Commander of the G. A. R. of Pennsylvania,
and over five years as Major-General of the National
Guard of the State. On account of his eminent services
PLANT OF GALENA-SIGNAL OIL COMPANYto industry and commerce he has been made by the
French government a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.
In no other concern does General Miller appear to
take more interest than in the Baptist Sunday School, of
which he has been superintendent for over thirty-five
years. His Bible class, numbering  over 6oo, is probably
larger than any other Bible class in the world, unless,
perchance, it be in some city of many times the population
of Franklin.  He put up at his own  cost the large brick
edifice in which the Sunday School is held.  It may be
mentioned in this connection that he has always been a
liberal contributor, not only to his own denomination,
but also to churches of various other faiths, as well as
to schools, colleges, hospitals and to numerous humanitarian and benevolent organizations.  He takes a special
and just pride in the Miller Night School, which for
eighteen years he has maintained  entirely at his own
expense.  It employs five teachers, and in recent years
has generally had about 200 pupils.  Stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping and mechanical drawing are prominent among the studies
in which instruction is
offered.  Many  Franklin  boys and  girls of
limited means have here
fitted themselves to earn
a living in positions of
usefulness and responsibility.
A life of so wide
scope as that above outlined  would  require  a
volume adequately to set
it forth, but even in this
brief sketch it is plain
to be seen why General
Miller is regarded as a prominent factor in the prosperity
of Franklin, and why he has many appreciative and devoted friends.
PARAFFINE
A VALUABLE PRODUCT THAT WAS ONCE CONSIDERED AS
NEARLY WORTHLESS
Aside from the meat-packing industry, no other calling has made such good use of the so-called by-products
as has been made by the oil industry. In the early days
of oil discoveries in western Pennsylvania, materials
now considered of inestimable value were thrown away,
but nowadays every element capable of serving any
purpose is saved and sold.   One such by-product is
paraffin.  This is now made into millions of candles, and
forms one of Pittsburgh's large industries.  Nor have
the makers permitted any decrease in the demand for
candles to interfere with securing ready markets for paraffin.  The product has been introduced into commercial
use in other forms, and constitutes a growing instead of
retrograding line of activity.
THE PENNSYLVANIA PARAFFINE WORKS
-Founded in I893 the Pennsylvania Paraffine Works
have developed and grown until even in far-off countries
the plant is known through its production of the "largest variety of output of any independent refining company in the world."
Occupying an advantageous situation in the center
of the Pennsylvania oil fields, possessing excellent facilities for transportation, Titusville, largely through the
enterprise of the Pennsylvania Paraffine Works and
other factories, is becoming more and more noted as a
manufacturing city.
Flanked by rows of oil tanks of a combined capacity
of 100,ooo barrels, in a well chosen location in the "East
End" of Titusville, stand the buildings of the company's
new and extensive plant.  Built entirely of brick and
steel, fireproof and strongly constructed, the various
buildings are arranged
in groups most advantageous for the carrying
on of refining and other
operations.
In the plant in every
departlent is installed
the most approved machinery.  In every particular  the  equipment
represents not only thle
best construction,  but
the  attainment to  the
highest degree of success of the purpose for
which it was intended.
Beginning at the crude and the tar stills, whe Ioohorse-power boilers witq automatic feeders are emplaced,
it is interesting to trace the crude oil and the tar through
the various processes of clarification and, segreg ation.
Step by step they are transformed from  liquids into
vapors, from gases back again into liquids, then from the
liquids the solids are precipitated, by chemlical and mechanical action the work continues until finally are obtained the finished products in form  ranging from  the
lightest down through the list of illuminating
oils, lubricants, neutrals and waxes to the solid waxtailings and coke.
Reduced to the last extremity the products of petroleum are almost innumerable.  Of the various specialties
of the Pennsylvania Paraffine Works the most important are:
Superior water-white oil; 41/272-48 gravity; I50 fire
test; crystal water-white in color; prepared with special care for family use; absolutely safe; as an illuminating oil assuredly unsurpassed.Extra prime white oil; 47'2-48 gravity; I20 fire
test; water-white in color; a high-grade oil at a low price.
Stove gasoline; 68-70 gravity; deodorized; for use
in vapor stoves, automobiles, gas engines, torches and
for dry cleaning.
Deodorized naphtha; 60-62 gravity; for paints and
varnishes.
Steamn-refined cylinder stocks; especially prepared
for locomotive and marine engine lubrication.
No. 1230, 600 flash; 230 vis.
No. II90, 635 fire; 203 vis.
No. I I86, 625 fire; I92
vis.
No. 1150, 600  fire; I56
vis.
Pale and lemon neutrals;
No. I, 600 flash; 230 vis.;
prepared especially for the
heaviest work on high-speed
engines, dynamos, gas engines, t h r e a cl-cutting machines, ice  lnachines, elevators and the like. No. 2,
400 flash; 146 vis.; used for
g e n e r a 1 light lubrication,
steam   separators,  spindles
and loolms.  No. 390, 360
flash; used for light lubrication, fast running spindles,
looms, sewing machines, miner's oil, greases and adulterations.
Red neutrals; No. 15, 430 flash; 230 vis.; used for
heaviest work  on high-speed  engines, dynamos and
thread-cutting.  No. 4, 400 flash; I56 vis.; for cordage
oil and light lubrication.
In addition to output succinctly described as above in
the unromantic parlance of the trade, the Pennsylvania
Paraffine Works make various wool oils, gas and fuel oils,
white and yellow  wax, petroleum  pitch, coke and numerous other derivatives from petroleum.  In the compounding department of the company are carefully prepared a great variety of lubricants, either according to
the formnulas of the corporation, or as specified by customers.
On Saybolt's instruments, according to the requirements of the Produce Exchange, are made the tests of the
Pennsylvania Paraffine Works.  As a manufacturer of
standard  high-grade goods the  company  maintains
throughout the world an enviable reputation.
Manufacturing operations are directed by an experienced refiner, an expert in the business, a chemist who
has more than kept up with the times. The maximum
capacity of the stills of the Pennsylvania Paraffine
Works is I,50oo  barrels a
day. In the refinery 50 men
are emlployed.
Through convenient connections with the Pennsylvania Railroad and with the
Dunkirk and Allegheny Valley Railway, the company
has especially good shipping
facilities.
In tlhe U n i t e d States
the Pennsylvania Paraffine
Works mn a i n t a i n branch
offices and sales agencies in
New York, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Savannah,
Jacksonville, Warren, Ishpiming, Houghton, Newark,
Jersey City, Hoboken and Trenton.
Its foreign branches are located in London and Manchester, England; Glasgow, Scotland; Paris, France;
Antwerp, Belgium; Hamburg and Frankfort (on-theMain), Germany; Barcelona, Spain; Bombay, India, and
Kobe, Japan.
The officers of the company are:  William  Muir,
President; L. J. Levick, Vice-President, and W. F.
Cowden, Secretary and Treasurer.
The Pennsylvania Paraffine Works are capitalized at
$5oo,ooo.  But this sum  now  represents the original
strength of the organization, and not the proportions to
which the business has grown.
PLANT OF PENNSYLVANIA PARAFFINE WORKS,
TITUSVILLE, PA.I I
NORMOUS feats of construction like the
Pittsburgh terminal of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, giant bridges which are nowhere
exceeded for variety of pattern, acre upon
acre of mills and manufacturing plants larger than any
in their line in the world, cloud-piercing office buildings,
magnificent churches, noteworthy public buildings, mile
after mile of fine residences, and well-laid streets-such
is the contribution of Pittsburgh contractors and builders
to the greatness of Greater Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh
district-that indefinitely marked center of the world's
industrial activity which embraces western Pennsylvania,
eastern Ohio and West Virginia.
In a building way Pittsburgh's fame is only second
to its triumphs in the industrial world, besides this mammoth scale of building, with few exceptions, has reflected the genius of Pittsburgh's architects and the workmanship of its native contractors.
Leaving out the Pittsburgh district, Pittsburgh as a
city is fifth in the nation's municipalities in a building
way. The greater city's greatest record as a builder in
one year, that of I906, was the expenditure in the then
twin cities of Allegheny and Pittsburgh of $17,I96,252
in new buildings or alterations or additions to old buildings. This put Pittsburgh in the front rank of American
cities and upon even terms with cities of considerably
greater area and population.
The property valuation of the consolidated cities at
the last official report is placed at $686, 741,887, the
greater portion of which is in buildings which find no
rivals anywhere.
Works of construction or buildings that are of national moment are located in the Pittsburgh district. The
Pittsburgh terminal of the Pennsylvania Railroad is one
of the marvels. Built at a cost, inclusive of everything,
of $22,500,000, it is probably the most complete system
of handling freight in every direction that is in operation
on any railroad in the country. As Pittsburgh's tonnage
is the greatest of anv city in the world, great terminal
facilities followed naturally as a matter of necessity. The
Pittsburgh terminal includes the enormous classification
yards at Pitcairn, the Brinton and Brilliant cutoffs, systems of elevated railways in both Pittsburgh and the
old city of Allegheny, the Ohio connecting bridge and
enormous freight distributing facilities in Pittsburgh at
the junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers.
In the city of Pittsburgh there is Architect Richardson's masterpiece, the County Court-House, an architectural gem of national fame; the Frick Building, built
almost entirely of marble at a cost of nearly $4,000,000,
and considered the most expensive office building in the
world; the Carnegie Institute, considerably greater in
area than the Capitol at Washington, and the greatest of
buildings in all of the Carnegie benefactions; the 24-story
Farmers' Bank Building, and innumerable others of
architectural manificence or of Herculean massiveness.
With such opportunities at hand, it is not strange
that the result has been the building up of great contracting firms, and such has been the fame of these that
many have blazed the trails of activities, lending their
genius to other cities in the United States and in Europe,
where the Pittsburgh trade-mark might be found upon innumerable buildings. The march of progress has taken
structural work out of the hand of the old-time contractor as an exclusive proposition, and the incessant demand
for special work has implanted the specialist in the building line as firmly as in other lines of endeavor. Instead
of the general contractor, whose work was to dig out a
263
CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS
The Up-to-date Enterprise of Pittsburgh's Contractors and
Builders Have Placed It in the Front Rank of American
Cities-Their Fame and Talents Extend to Other Statescellar and superintend the laying of two or three stories
of brick, accompanied by plastering, lathing and some
carpenter work, the new era demands specialists in electrical and steam-heating contracting, fireproofing, sanitation, interior decoration, special panelling and flooring,
and a score of more side issues.  And in all these, as
Pittsburgh's fame as a builder will attest, Pittsburghers
have kept step with the drum major of progress.
Electric-lighted, steam-heated, fire-proof, richly decorated, comfortable and convenient office buildings, apartment houses or homes of to-day in Greater Pittsburgh
are as different from their counterpart of a quarter of a
century ago as the American armada of steel battleships
which sailed for the Pacific is different from the Spanish
armada of the days of
knee  breeches, knightly
chivalry, and human oppression.   Pittsburghers
as builders of homes for
business and the family
are unexcelled anywhere.
Pittsburgh's sky-scrapers,
like the Farmers' Bank
Building, 24 stories high,
and measuring 324 feet
from  curb to roof; the
Frick Building, 2I stories
high and 315 feet from
street curb to roof; the
twin Union N a t i o n a 1
Bank and Commonwealth
b u i l d i n g s, 21  and 20
stories high, respectively,
not to mention innumerable high buildings in the
business section  of the
city, compare favorably
with those anywhere.
Pittsburgh homes and
churches have few equals
in variety of d e s ig n,
quantity and excellence.
Pittsburgh street improvements have kept pace with the
growth of the merged cities.  There are 451 miles of
paved streets in the greater municipality, and the Northside had a record, when the separate city of Allegheny,
of having more asphalt paving of any city its size in the
United States.
However, the Aladdin-like building operations of today had a very small beginning.  It was not until 1870
that the city's building importance was recognized sufficiently to give it the luxury of a building inspector, and
it was not until I894 that Allegheny followed suit in this
respect.  Robert Reed was the first building inspector,
then came Sam Waughter and J. C. Brown, and, in I896,
Pittsburgh councils made the inspectorship a bureau,
and J. A. A. Brown, son of the former inspector, and
now secretary of the Builders' Exchange League, became
the first superintendent.
The first "sky-scrapers" in the city   ere the twin
Schmidt and Hamilton buildings on Fifth Avenue, each
towering to the then wonderful height of eight stories.
The elder Brown liked to tell, in after-years, of his
efforts to make some property owners see the future of
the city as he saw it. When they came for their permits
for three and four-story buildings, built in the heart of
what is now the business section, he used to urge them to
"provide foundations strong enough to put two or three
stories on after a while."  His advice frequently was disdained by men building  on property now  occupied by
great  structures  fifteen
and more stories above
the incessant r o a r o f
crowded thoroughfares.
For nothing is Pittsburgh more famous than
for its g r a n d edifices.
St. Paul's Catholic Cathedral, t h e newest of
these, located  at Fifth
Avenue and Craig Street,
is no more admired by
visitors than such church
buildings as those occupied by the First Presbyterian Congregation.
Sixth Avenue near Wood
Street; Church  of the
Epiphany, or temporary
cathedral; the new  Rodeph Shalom Jewish Synagogue; the famous old
Trinity in Sixth Avenue,
and others which could
be mentioned w i t h o u t
number. Among the elegant edifices in and about
the city are some beautiful examples of architecture as well as evidence of money
liberally but tastefully expended.
Another kind of Pittsburgh contractor not quite so
picturesque, but equally as successful, and engaged in a
work of great utility, is the one who has devoted his attentions to street and sewer improvements.  A number of
such contractors have spent a lifetime in this work.
Asphalt, blockstone, cobble, irregular cobble and macadam  everywhere show how street improvement has kept
hard at the heels of Pittsburgh progress in other directions.  Millions of dollars have been spent in this work,
at the rate of $2 a square yard for asphalt paving, and
$2.30 a square yard for blockstone.
When to these achievements is added the informationT   1-1  E    s  T  O  R4  Yz    O  F1    Pt T               T     I" S-  13  U    Rt  G  II  26 5
that there is nearly $I O,OOD,000 invested in public schools,
and over $53,000,000  in  public buildings of all kinds,
Greater Pittsburgh wil be seen to have been a busy
builder.
BOOTHS  FLINN, LTD.-The firm of Booth 
Flinn, Ltd., of which the Hon. Wm. Flinn is chairman,
and his son George H. Flinn, secretary ancl treasurer,
was established in 1893. As everybody knows it is engaged in general contracting of all kinds, and many of
the largest undertakings ever successfully carried out in
the history of constructive work about Pittsburgh are
placed to  its credit.   Its class of work  was for some
years confined chiefly to street paving, but now, in addition to  its original scope, it builds railways and bores
tunnels through mountains as easily as in earlier (lays
it paved an ordinary street.
As now constituted, this firm employs 2,500 men, has
a capital of $750,ooo, and a surplus of $4,500,000. Its
most daring undertaking, and most successful achievement was the recent construction of the Mt. Washington
tunnel, Which created a new residence (listrict for Pittsburgh in which thousands of workers in the city have
found homes but fifteen or twenty minutes from the
business center. This achievment practically, and in
very fact, created new towns and while the members of
this firm were not in the tunnel-boring business for their
health, the residents back of the southside hilltops are
ready to rise up and call them blessed.
Mr. Flinn has been a power in politics as well as in
business affairs for many years, a fact which makes interesting  a brief sketch of his career.  He was born at
Manchester, England, May 26, I851.  His parents came
to this country the same year and settled in Pittsburgh,
where he has resided ever since. He received a commonschool education and learned the trade of brass finisher
and gas fitter, and later became a member of Booth 
Flinn. In 1877 he was appointed to the board of fire
commissioners, and in 1879 and 1881 was a member of
the legislature.  He was an influential delegate to the Republican National Conventions each presidential year
from I884  to  1904  inclusive.   He was elected to  the
State Senate in I890 and in 1894, serving eight years
and decling further election.
While at Harrisburg, Mr. Flinn  was a most important factor in  legislation.   He was the author of the
famous "good-roads law," which is doing so much for
the State. At a recent convention of representatives of
third-class cities Mr. Flinn made an address which was
referred to by the press under the caption, "Delegates
Cheer His Road Plan," as follows:
"Tax corporations sufficiently to provide enough
money to build good roads," was the text of the speech
of former Senator William Flinn before the convention
of officials of third-class cities at McKeespot yesterday
morning. The speech was the sensation of the convention and was listened to with interest by the delegates.
Mr. Flinn's set subject was "Necessary Municipal Improvements." The Senator stuck to his text almost to
its conclusion, and then made his declaration for a road
tax on corporations.
The firm's offices are at 1942 Forbes Street.
BRADNOCK  BARGER-This firm is composed
of Martin Bradock and Frank Barger. They formed a
partnership some years ago for doing a general business
in structural steel or iron work, and have been very Successful from the start owing to their practical knowledge
and experience in all phases of the business. Their
contracts include the erection  of steel-frame buildings,
brides, etc., specimens commending their skill being
seen in various parts of the country.
This firm being composed of thoroughly practical
men, none but the most careful and skillful structural
steel workers are employed, and confidence in their employees gives them confidence in bidding on important
contracts.  About fifty  skilled workmen are regularly
engaged in their work.
The firm of Messrs. Braddock   Barger affords a
good example of what energy, pluck, enterprise and thorouogh familiarity with details will accomplish when backed
up by a clean record. They allow their work to speak
for itself. The office of the firms 218 Lewis Block at
Sixth Avenue and Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh.
Mr. Bradnock is also an oil producer, being a member of the Flick Brother Oil Company.  He was born
in Canada in I867, but came to the United States in
early boyhood.  He has served a term in council as a
Republican.
Mr. Barger has had extensive experience in structural work of all kinds. He was with the Edgemore
Bridge Company for ten years, and for different periods
with the Geo. A. Fuller Company, the Pennsylvania
Steel Company, and in business for himself before join
THE DRAVO CONTRACTING -COMPANYThe various advantages accruing to Pittsburgh because
of the improvements made in the Ohio, Monogahela
and Allegheny Rivers are well known.  To the Dravo
Contracting Company, Lewis Block, especially is due all
the credit and recognition that may be accordwd properly
for the successful exectution of different government contracts.
Undertakigs requiring years to complete, whichl the
Contracting Company gas in a most excellent manner accomplished, were the contracts for:
Lock No. 2 on the Monongahela River.
Lock No. 3 on the Monongahela River.
Lock No. 2 on the Allegheny River.
Back Channel Dam, Ohio River Dam.
No. 5 on the Ohio River.266  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B, U R G H
poration, its capital having been increased from time to
time as the business grew and expanded, until now its
capital and surplus amount to $500,000, with undivided
profits of $197,000. The company's office is in the Keystone Building.
In I897-98 this firm built parts of the Pittsburgh,
Buffalo  Lake Erie into Pittsburgh. It also contracted
for and built the Wabash-Pittsburgh terminal, the Mt.
Washington tunnel, which, with other parts of the line,
involved an expenditure of two million dollars. It has
also built parts of the West Side Belt Railroad, the Pittsburgh  Butler Electric Line, and varous contracts on
the P. R. R. and the B.  O. R. R. in the vicinity of
Pittsburgh. It is now building an extension for the Lake
Shore from Franklin, Pa., eastward, also parts of the
Erie R. R. cut-offs and low-grade line, and a section of
the Barge Canal improvement for the State of New
York.  The Lake Shore contract involves about $3,ooo,ooo.
By the superiority of its work, its promptness in completing contracts, its reputation of never having abandoned a contract no matter how disastrous financially,
these virtues combined with its thorough up-to-date methods and machinery have placed the firm in its present
standing, that of the leading railroad contracting firm
of the community.
Francis M. Ferguson is the president of the company. If there is one trait that predominates in his
many-sided personality it is his ability to lay out and
build great works and carve a fortune from almost nothing except his own native ability. He is at once a great
manager and a great financier, of genial and broadgauged nature, who has ascended step by step through
successive years of toil and unceasing endeavor to the
very top of his profession. Although still in his prime,
Mr. Ferguson has seen some twenty-six years of active
railroad contracting in all its various phases, and these
years may be given as the space of time in which he
started the practical work and made his way to his present position as president of the Ferguson Contracting
Company.
A. L. Richardson, the secretary and treasurer of the
company, is a young business man full of push and
energy, whose experience in railroad construction, purchased by a strenuous apprenticeship to the business in
the West and in Mexico, has especially fitted him to
become one of the coterie of controllers of this company.
He was one of the first to see and take advantage of the
business opportunity in real estate when the Pennsylvania
Railroad tracks were ordered removed from Liberty
Street, making some profitable investments at that time.
He has been a resident of this city since 1902, and in that
time has become identified with many Pittsburgh business
interests, being the owner of the Hotel Lincoln, and a
director in a number of banks and trust companies. The
company's New York office is at 37 Wall Street.
The work of building these locks and dams involved
excavations of great quantities of earth and rock, and
the erection of flood-resisting walls of concrete. To restrain a river in flood time requires structures of tremendous strength. Not only in the vicinity of Pittsburgh
are seen the works of the Dravo Contracting Company.
In the mighty Mississippi, at Molene, is a great lock
erected by the company. To win the approval of the
government engineers, who supervise with jealous care
the installation o f river improvements, a contractor
needs must most rigidly adhere to the specified requirements. By those in a position to know it is said that the
restraining structures built by the Dravo Contracting
Company accomplish even more than the contract calls
for; the prestige gained through the work on the Ohio,
Monongahela, Allegheny and Mississippi Rivers was
largely instrumental in securing for the Dravo Company,
recently, government contracts for the erection of two
locks and dams in the Black Warrior River in Alabama.
JOHN EICHLEAY, JR., COMPANY-The raising
and moving of buildings, either for the grading of streets,
or for building additional stories, and the furnishing of
the structural steel for reconstruction has become an enterprise ably carried on by the John Eichleay, Jr., Company.
The steel department makes a specialty of furnishing
plain beams, channels, angles and plates, flat and round
bars, the same day as ordered. It keeps a large stock,
and has a high-speed cold-saw and large shears for
prompt work.
The company has accomplished several notable feats,
such as moving a double two-story building across the
Allegheny River, and moving the brick mansion of the
late Captain S. S. Brown up the hillside at Brown's Station.
The business was founded by John Eichleay, Jr., as
carpenter and contractor in 1875. He began moving
buildings in I888, added the steel department in I899,
and incorporated the present company in 1902.  The
members of this Pennsylvania corporation are: John
Eichleay, president; John P. Eichleay, vice-president
( also directors); Walter B. Eichleay, secretary and
treasurer; William J. Herbster, assistant secretary, and
Harry C. Eichleay, manager.
The company is capitalized at $I25,000; net worth,
$280,000. Its office is at the foot of South Twentieth
Street, Pittsburgh, with branch office at 424 Fourth
Avenue. The works are along the Pennsylvania Railroad, between South Nineteenth and Twenty-second
Streets. The coninpalv emip1ovs 550 men.
THE FERGUSON CONTRACTING COMPANY
-The Ferguson Contracting Company was originally
organized in 1894 under the Illinois State law with a
capital of $50,000. In I899 it became a New York corTHE T. A. GILLESPIE COMPANY-In its special line, the T. A. Gillespie Company, Westinghouse
Building, is one of the largest and best equipped engineering and contracting corporations in the United States.
The contracts it has executed successfully for the United
States Government, for various municipalities and for
numerous public service corporations, have made the T.
A. Gillespie Company well and favorably known throughout the entire country.
In the past seven years the company has built for the
government five locks and dclams on the Ohio and Monongahela Rivers. When it was proposed to build the
Panama Canal by contract, and bids were invited, the
T. A. Gillespie Company by
reason of its financial and
other resources, and because
of the commendation given
its previous construction by
government engineers, was
looked upon as the corporation best qualified to accept
the responsibility of putting
through this gigantic undertaking. The ability of the
company to do the work was
conceded, but eventually it
wvas decided that the canal
should be dug by the governmlent, so no contract was
awarded.
Constructed by the T. A.
Gillespie Comnpany was the
immnense filtration p 1 a n t,
just completed, which is to
supply Pittsburgh with pure
water. The new municipal
water works are declared to
be among the best in the
country.  T h e inspectors
pronounce the work especially satisfactory. It is asserted that the Pittsburgh
filtration plant is more efficient, better constructed and, capacity considered, less
expensive  than  similar plants  recently  erected  by
other municipalities.  That it has performed for the
city such excellent service on a contract involving
the expenditure of more than  $6,ooo,ooo, certainly
speaks well for the T. A. Gillespie Company.  Even
though it be a very large one, the energies of the
T. A. Gillespie Company are not confined to one contract at a time. Simultaneously its work goes on in
half a dozen States.  Recently the company laid over
300 1niles of gas lines in Kansas and Missouri.  Within
the past few years it has installed steel water lines in
numerous cities, notably in Brooklyn and Minneapolis.
Another large contract was the laying of the pipes of the
East Jersey Water Company, which supplies the cities
of Newark and Paterson, New Jersey.  The installation
of 9I,ooo feet of 36-inch pipe, for conducting natural
gas for the Philadelphia Company of this city, was a
task which the Gillespie Company readily accomnplished.
In its line, the Gillespie Company practically is prepared to do almost anything.  To the company the magnitude of a contract is an incentive to obtain it.
The officers of the company are T. A. Gillespie,
President; Robert Swan, Vice-President and General
Manager; Thomas H. Gillespie, Vice-President; R. A.
Johnson, Treasurer; W. H. Warwick, Secretary, and
Frank  Wilcox,  Engineer
and Superintendent.
As its nanme indicates, the
company owes its success
and prestige principally to
T. A. Gillespie. The life
and  achievemlents of the
founder and President of
the company are thus epitomizedcl by a contemporar-y
biographer:
"Contractor, b o r n i n
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,
July I, I852; son of James
and Diana Gillespie; his
father was a lumber merchant; his ancestors were
from the north of Ireland
and Scotland; his early education was received in the
schools of Pittsburgh, and
his first occupation was that
of a clerk in the Pittsburgh
Gas Company, where he remained but a few months
when, in August, I868, he
entered the office of Lloyd
and Black, iron manufacturers; in April, I871, he
resigned to accept a position
with Lewis, Oliver and Phillips, in the samei  line of
business; he remnained with this concern for eight years
in the capacity of traveling agent.  Thoroughly skilled
and equipped for ventures on his own account, he
then decided to embark in business for himself, and,
from  I879 to I884, engaged in the manufacture of
iron bolts and kindred articles.  In 1884 he joined
George  Westinghouse, Jr., in  the  development of
the great natural gas industry; in this business his
efforts were met with unqualified success, and he continued therein until I89o, when he became a contractor
on a large scale, with headquarters in the Westinghouse
Building, Pittsburgh, and in the Havemeyer Building,To the men who administered the affairs of the Bank
of Pittsburgh during the years of its existence, more
than ordinary credit is due.  Their memory should be
honored, not only for the zeal, fidelity and ability they
displayed in behalf of the bank, but for the important
public benefits attained as the result of their thought and
action.
In private life the world of finance offers few higher
honors than important official positions with The Bank of
Pittsburgh, N. A. (National Bank). The present officers
are: Wilson A. Shaw, President; Joseph R. Paull, VicePresident; W. F. Bickel, Cashier; J. M. Russell, First
Assistant Cashier; W. L. Jack and J. D. Ayres, Assistant
Cashiers, and George F. Wright, Auditor. On the Board
of Directors of the Bank of Pittsburgh are: Dallas C.
Byers, H. M. Brackenridge,
J. Stuart Brown, John Caldwell,  Frederick  Davidson,
James J. Donnell, I. W.
Frank, C. F. Holdship, John
E. Hurford, John B. Jackson, T. Clifton Jenki n s,
George A. Kelly, Jr., Thomas
H. Lane, Albert J. Logan, C.
M. Logue, Reuben  Miller,
Wilson  Miller, Joseph  R.
Paull, W. H. Seif, Wilson A.
Shaw, Daniel H. WVallace,
Joseph R. Woodwell.
THE BUTLER COUNTY NATIONAL BANKLargest and strongest in Butler County, one of the leading and most progressive in
western Pennsylvania, one of
thle solid financial institutions
o f A m e r i c a-these seem
strong assertions; yet there is
s u c h progressiveness a n d
strength in the Butler County
National Bank of Butler, Pa., that the highest approbation is justly  earned.  Having  started  with  a
capital of $Ioo,ooo on August i8, I89o, within a few
months it had  deposits of $206,90I.I3, and  possessed  resources of $334,431.38,  showing  at  that
early date its financial solidity.  At the end of sixteen
years the capital was $300,000, only triple the original,
but the bank had placed to surplus and profits $450,549.40, making its capital and surplus more than $750,ooo. Meanwhile its deposits had grown more than ten
times the original to $2,363,442.5I, while the resources
multiplied accordingly to $3,3I3,99I.9I. Few banks in
America, excepting some in large cities, can show such a
percentage of growth. This bank's figures tell its story.
Several of these men are directly identified with the
bank's daily work, as is shown in the following catalogue
of officers:  President, Leslie P. Hazlett; Vice-Presidents, A. L. Reiber, T. P. Mifflin, J. V. Ritts; Cashier,
John G. McMarlin; Assistant Cashiers, Albert C. Krug,
W. S. Blakslee, W. A. Ashbaugh.
Commercially convenient in its home city, thoroughly
equipped in a strength of furnishing that bespeaks the
character of its strong financial and managing phases,
and architecturally beautiful, the bank's home in the Butler County National Bank Building is ideal in every way.
The banking rooms and other admirable facilities are
alone sufficient to instill a feeling of security for one's
money placed there for safe keeping.
WVhile the bank's principal business is in commercial
accounts, these by no means overshadow personal checking or savings accounts. One
of the strong features has
been this bank's policy in regard to savings accounts and
time deposits. Unlike many
institutions with this feature,
this bank allows the withdrawal of money in such accounts or deposits without notice, the only rule being that
no interest will be allowed unless money has been in the
bank six months or longer.
The highest rate of interest
compatible with safe banking
is given on such deposits.
Special provision has been
made for the accommodation
of woimen patrons, there being a separate, a t t r a c t i v e
alcove where their banking
may be clone without public
scrutiny. Another strong feature is this bank's supreme
safe deposit vaults, affording most excellent protection
for valuables of every kind, the vaults being proof against
fire, water and burglars. Boxes for keeping deeds, valuable papers, jewelry, etc., are provided. There is a coupon
room where papers may be clipped or examined, letters
written or consultations held. In addition there is a large
fire-proof and burglar-proof vault for storing silverware
or other valuables in trunks, boxes or proper wrappings.
The bank also has a complete foreign department and a
strong foreign mnoney order system, which enables it to
send money quickly and safely to any part of the world.
Anything relating to foreign business or travel is cared
for thoroughly in this department.
THE FARMERS' DEPOSIT NATIONAL BANK
--On the corner of Wood Street and Fifth Avenue
THE BUTLER COUNTY NATIONAL BANK BUILDINGNo. 26 Cortland Street, New York.  In addition to his
office as President of the T. A. Gillespie Company, Mr.
Gillespie is also engaged in many other large interests,
prominent among which are his directorships in the
Equitable Life Insurance Company and the Liberty
National Bank of New York; he was Vice-President of
the Central Traction Company of Pittsburgh up to the
time of the consolidation of that city's various traction
systems; was a member of the Select Council of Pittsburgh  for ten years.  He is a member of the Duquesne
Club of Pittsburgh and the Lotus and Lawyers' Clubs
of New York.  He was married in Pittsburgh on January 7, 1875, and has four children living: Thomas H.,
Henry L., Jean and James P. Gillespie."
Not only by the amount of money it can command,
not entirely by the number of men it employs, is the
efficiency and preparedness
of a contracting company
demonstrated. A great deal
depends on  its organization; through the executive
ability of its staff, by the
experience a n d practical
knowledge  of those  who
plan and supervise its work,
is the competence of a company attested.  Of the T.
A. Gillespie Company, from
the President down to the
subordinate  who  exercises
over some of the laborers a
little  brief authority, the
supervisory  force is composed of men qualified, selected  and  proven.  Not
only  do they know  their
work, but they can be trusted to do it thoroughly.  It
was the excellence of the
company's construction  work, its rigid adherence to
specifications, its pride in finishing satisfactorily each
contract, that obtained from a high government official the statement that the Ohio and Monongahela River
improvements put in by the T. A. Gillespie Company
were "works that reflected the greatest credit on the contractor."
FREDERICK   GWINNER-Writers  on  success
would hardly pick as an ideal subject a man  who spent
seventeen years of his life driving an omnibus or a street
car, yet almost a decade of such humdrum existence did
not dampen the ambition or lessen the energy which
finally landed Frederick Gwinner, wealthy  Northside
contractor and business man, on top of life's heap.
Teuton pluck, combined with the boundless possibilities
in the early days of Greater Pittsburgh, aided Mr.
Gwinner.  Among builders throughout the Pittsburgh
district and by a great deal of the population of old
Allegheny,  Mr. Gwinner is known and loved as a prosperous contractor, honest to his customers and kind to
his employees, while in a wider circle he is recalled as
the President of the ill-fated Enterprise National Bank,
and a man whose solicitude for the depositors of the
wrecked institution was the one redeeming feature of
the failure.
Mr. Gwinner will pass the seventy-eighth milestone
January 18th next, sixty years of which he spent in this
country, most of that time in Manchester, the thriving
Northside community.  He was born in Wurtemberg,
Germany.
From street-car driver to contractor, the jump made
by Mr. Gwinner, is not such a wide one when it is consi dered that his preliminary
jump, that of a team owner,
was a natural result of his
long knowledge of, and love
for, horseflesh.  He began
teaming  with a couple of
horses, gradually expanding
until in a few years he was
a  full-fledged  contractor.
As a contractor, Mr. Gwinner has been  engaged  in
some of the heavier work
done in this vicinity.
It was Contractor Gwinner who rebuilt Union Station and the greater portion
of the Pennsylvania  Railroad's trackage  and  other
facilities following the destructive strike riots.  Another big job was razing the
court-house after the memorable fire, besides the building of the greater portion. of the Pittsburgh, Virginia
 Charleston Railroad, part of the Redstine branch of
the Pennsylvania Railroad, and a large amount of piping
and gas-line work for the Charities and Equitable Gas
Companies.  His men paved all the streets orginally in
the Borough of Sharpsburg.
Mr. Gwinner was married in 1850, and Mrs. Gwinner died twenty years ago.  Two sons, Frederick, Jr.,
and Edward, are engaged with him  in the contracting
business, with offices at 180I Market Street, Northside.
The family reside in a great mansion at 262I California
Avenue, a home roomy within and surrounded by a
great expanse of clear ground on the outside, and one
of the landmarks of the older Allegheny.
Besides overseeing  his contracting  business, Mr.
Gwinner is President of the Humboldt Insurance Company, and a Director in the Pittsburgh Brewing  ComT  II1  E    ~S  T  O  R  Yt    O  F         P  T  T  T  S  r,  U    R  G  H          269
pany, Peoples Natural Gas  Piping Company, and interested in a number of enterprises. In the early days he
served the people of Manchester for two terms in Allegheny councils.  He is a member of the Masonic Order.
HOWARD HAGER COMPANY One of the
busiest of contracting firms in Pittsburgh is the Howard Hager Company. While organized only last year,
january  1, 1906, this company has had the building of
many and imposing structures. The enterprise, ambition and resources of this young firm are equalled by
few. It is destined, without question or doubt, to take
an important part in the upbuilding of Pittsburgh, especially the handsome East End district.
The Howard Hager Company makes a specialty of
church work and construction.  Just now it is engaged
on one of the most pretentious and ambitious undertakiligs that ever taxed and challenged the resources of a
Pittsburgh builder, that of the erection of the Calvary
Protestant Episcopal Church at Shady Avenue and Walnut Street. With its adjacent parish house this edifice,
When completed, will be one of the  most imposing and
beautiful structures in Greater Pittsburgh, and will have
cost in the neighborhood of $500,000.
To the practical experience that the founder of the
company, Howard Hager, has had in the constructing
of some of the largest and most beautiful church edifices
of Pittsburgh, is due in great measure much of the success of this building firm, he having been engaged in the
erection of St. Paul's Roman Catholic Cathedral Trinity
Protestant Episcopal Parish house, St. James' and St.
Andrew's Protestant Episcopal Churches.
The  firm  consists  of  Howard  Hager,  president;
Edward A. Wehr, secretary and treasurer; William
Moore and P. R. Davine. Their offices are in the Lloyd
Building.
EVAN JONES  CO. The general contracting
firm of Evan Jones  Co., whose office is at Thirty-sixth
Street and  Liberty  Avenue  Pittsburgh, is headed  by
Evan Jones, who has been in the business in this city for
a third of a century.  Mr. Jones has been  for many
years actively engaged in the construction of large public and private works, and, although born in Wales, at
Cardigan, he has been a resident of Pittsburgh since he
was five years of age.  His career as a  general contractor dates from I874, his first work  being in heavy
grading and sewerage for the city of Pittsburgh. Since
that time he has done an extensive business in tunneling,
sewerage and street paving and in the building of heavy
retaining  walls.   Among  other works which this firm
built may be mentioned the Thirty-third Street sewer,
the foundation for the Carnegie office building on Fifth
Avenue, and the foundations for the great trip hammers at the Latrobe works. In politics Mr. Jones is a
Republican. He served for six years as a member of
the common council of Pittsburgh f rom the Sixth ancl
Fourteenth Wards, was for some years a member of the
poll board of the city, and president of the Forbes subdistrict school board, which he represented in the Central Board of Education.
Mr. Jones' long business career has been characterized by his personal energy and pluck, which enabled
him to achieve success in spite of great difficulties in
some cases. He resides on Bluff Street, Sixth Ward.
LUCIUS ENGINEERING  CONTRACTING
CO.-This business was organized as a company in I900,
and as a corporation in February, I905. T. J. Lucius
is presiclent, and E. C. Lucius is secretary and treasurer, who, with E. W. Arthur, constitute the board of
directors. A. Lucius is chief engineer.
This corporation does a general and successful business in designing and erecting steel bridges and steel
buildings of all kinds as well as concrete structures of
every variety, in which work an average of 100 skilled
workmen are  employed.  Its capital is $ 75,ooo, and
stock  issue $5o,ooo.  The main office is on the ninth
floor of the new Hartje Building on Wood Street, Pittsburgh, with branch offices at 38 Park Row, New York,
and Marelline Avenue and the L. E.   P. Ry., Cleveland, Ohio. The local offices were formerly in the Iron
Exchange, and later in the House Building.
An evidence of the growth of this concern is seen
in the increased  capacity of its erecting plant from 200
tons per month to 5,ooo tons per month.  It has extended its business from points in the immediate neighborhood only to all parts of the United States.
The senior Mr. Lucius is a prominent civil and consulting engineer, a member of the A. S. of C. E., and
connected professionally with several railway companies, notablv the P.  L. E. and the L. S.  M. S.
companies.
JAMES LYONS The career of Mr. James Lyons
furnishes a good exemplification of what a shrewd Irishman, even with a limited education, can accomplish in
this country. He was born in County Down, Ireland,
it 1834, and what education he received was through
the public school in that country. He left the school at
an early age and worked on a farm until he was 18 years
of age. He then engaged with a country carpenter for
three years, when he went to the city of Belfast and
finished his trade.
Mr. Lyons soon found his thoughs turning towards
the United States, so after the struggle incident to saving enough money to pay his passage, he came to this
country in 1860. Those were the troublous days preceding the Civil War, but Mr. Lyons soon found employment in the East Liberty Valley, and was quick to
perceive the possibilities in that territory. He worked
as a journeyman for Joseph Graham for about five---     ----  -                     -       -    -    -   -  --    I  -.-    --.  I  -.    -   -
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r     -1.   I 1          1-'    W 1\~    11    -1
built the post-office at Beaver Falls, the court-houses at
Norristown, York, Greensburg and Washington, Pennsylvania; it erected the residence of C. M. Schwab at
Loretta, and home of Colonel Samuel Moody at Beaver;
the interior of the Fidelity office building, one of the
most splendid in Philadelphia, was decorated by  William Miller  Sons
The history of William Miller  Sons properly
commelces on February 9, I1835, when on a farm in
Beaver County, Pennsylvania, was born the founder of
the company. Raised on the farm, sent to school in the
winter time, early inured to hard work, William Miller,
when he was eighteen years of age, set out to learn the
carpenters' trade. Active, quick and masterful, havinga keen eye and a long head, even in his youth were observed the traits that afterwards made him honored, rich
and unusally successfull. As one historian has said, "he
qualified himself further for usefulness by marrying
Miss Catherine Hollerman, of Butler County, in 1857."
Five sons and two daughters were born to bless the
union, namely: John A., George W., Charles M., William L., Henry J., Margaret and, Emma. In 1859 Mr.
Miller, then a master builder, established his residence
in Rochester, Pennsylvania. With the exception of two
sons, who moved to Pittsburgh, the Miller family has
lived in Rochester ever since.
In I870 in Rochester, to carry on a general building
business, was formed the firm of Miller, Dobson  Trax.
This copartnership continued for five years and then
terminated in the manner provided in the contract. Mr.
Miller's work and holdings increased, but he carried on
the business alone until 1884. In that year he admitted
two of his sons (John A. and George W.) as partners
in the business.  A  little later, two others (Charles M.
and Henry J. ) likewise became partners.
William Miller  Sons opened their Pittsburgh office
in 1893. At that time this city offered excellent opportunities to ambitious builders. Possessing ample capital
and the ability requisite to carry to a successful completion any contract they might undertake, the Millers from
the first made rapid and notable progress. As builders
William Miller  Sons have at their command especial
facilities. Long ago William Miller made substantial
and remunerative investments in the brick and lumber
business. William Miller  Sons own and control the
Miller Brick Company, and the Miller Planing Mills at
Rochester, and the Krum Stone  Granite Co. of Pittsburgh. The Miller planing mills make a specialty of
the finest hardwood for interior finishes; the brick company's output compromises everything that is desirable in the way of brick for building purposes; and the
Krum Granite  Stone Co. is prepared always to undertake almost any contract that calls for stone.
Leaving the business to be looked after by his sons,
who so well have proven their competence and ability,
William Miller, Sr., in I899 retired f rom active par270      1    i t          1 U K           X       Jr1
years, when he became a partner in the firm. which
erected the first planing mill in East Liberty. T his mill
was destroyed by fire in 1870, when Mr. Lyons found
himself $4,000 in debt.
After this disaster Mr. Lyons took up contracting on
his own account, his first contract being a house for J.
B. Murray on Squirrel Hill. He continued this business
until I906. He never held political office because, as he
says, he always had enough to do attending to his own
business.
WILLIAM MILLER  SONS-From the time that
were laid the foundations of the pyramids to the present
day builders in every land have been accounted benefactors of humanity. If "they builded better than they
knew," if through their work "the conscious stone to
beauty grew," to the extent of their achievements they
contributed to the advancement of civilization. Among
the many corporations that literally have helped in building Greater Pittsburgh, but few, if any, can show finer
construction or more substantial results than have been
achieved by the company known as William Miller 
Sons.
Famed throughout the world for its size and magnificence, the great Library of Pittsburgh certainly reflects the utmost credit on its builders; besides the construction of the Carnegie Library extension in Schenley
Park, William Miller  Sons built the Carnegie Libraries at Homestead, Duquesne, Lawrenceville and Wylie
Avenue; they erected the Carnegie office building, the
Arrott Building, the Pittsburgh Bank for Savings Building, the Murtland, the Pickering and the J. B. Haines
 Sons' Building, the big annex to Kaufmann's department store, the Gayety Theater, the Allegheny County
Morgue, the Winter branch of the Pittsburgh Brewing
Company, the St. Augustine Church, and the Schwab
Industrial School. Notable structures which the company is now building are the new Homoeopathic Hospital
in Pittsburgh, and the immense eight-story shop building
of the Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co. at
East Liberty. Associated with Roydhouse, Arey  Co.,
of Philadelphia, William Miller  Sons accomplished
the construction of the Union Station in Pittsburgh, the
"Fort Wayne" Station in Allegheny, and the passenger
station of the Pennsylvania Railroad at East Liberty.
In conjunction with a closely alliecl corporation, the
B. P. Young Company, of which C. M. Miller is president, the William Miller  Sons Co. placed the beautiful marble work in the Frick Building.  In addition
to the prestige it has obtained in building splendid
edifices for religious, educational, philanthropic, public
utility and business purposes, the William Miller  Sons
Co. has built in Pittsburgh and Allegheny several private dwellings that might well be called palaces.
Outside of Pittsburgh and its suburbs, the company
has been, at times, in various places busily employed. Itticipation in the firm's affairs. In I903, when the company was incorporated, the old firm name was retained.
The William Miller  Sons Co. has an authorized
capital of $2,000,000, of which stock to the extent of
$500,000 has been issued.
The officers of the company are George W. Miller,
President; Charles M. Miller, Vice-President, and H. J.
Miller, Secretary and Treasurer.
The company has its offices in its own handsome sixstory modern brick office and warehouse building at 28
Federal Street, Pittsburgh. The entire building is none
too large for the office and warehouses of the William
Miller  Sons Co., the B. P. Young Company, and the
Krum Granite Company.
THOMAS REILLY-Although one of the most
recent additions to the already large number of highclass buidling contractors of Pittsburgh, Thomas Reilly
has in a few short years that he has been engaged in
business in this city reached a position of considerably
more than ordinary prominence.
For a number of years Mr. Reilly had his eyes on
the possibility of entering the Pittsburgh and western
Pennsylvania territory. This to him was a very difficult
task in view of the close competition he was sure to meet
in bidding against the local contracting firms. But about
five years ago, when the new plans for the magnificent
St. Paul's R. C. Cathedral were being prepared for estimates for the construction of one of the finest structures
ST. PAUL'S R. C. CATHEDRAL, PITTSBURGH, PA. THOMAS REILLY, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER2 72     T     H        1E  S'r    o      R    Y   0        F:-:'  1-  T    T      S    1-,  -U     R    Gx  tof this kind in the country, Mr. Reilly decided that his
opportunity  had come, and succeeded in capturing this
contract in spite of the close competition to which he
was subjected.
Mr. Reilly has been successfull also in getting the contracts for several of Pittsburgh's magnificent private
residences.
He has his  office  on Ellsworth  Avenue, near  East
Liberty, where he has elected a fine office building with
large and well arranged goods that are stocked with supplies of all kinds ready for any emergency.
Mr. Reilly has taken many contracts in many of the
smaller towns  in the  Pittsburgh district, a  number of
them being for churches of various denominations. In
I906  Mr. Reilly secured the contract for the new  $250,ooo synagogue in Pittsburgh.
THE S. R. SMYTHE COMPANY-The S. R.
Smythe  Company  was  established  in  1884  by  S. R.
Smythe, and  incorporated  as  a  stock  company  under
the  West Virginia laws July 3, I890.  The members of
the company are:  H. E. Smythe, president; R. Young,
treasurer; J. E. Hines, secretary.
The company does mechanical engineering and contracting for rolling mills steel works, glass factories and
fuel gas plants. The number of employees average between 250  and 350. The company's authorized capital
is $IOO,OOO.; paid in, $75,ooo; surplus over all liabilities,
$65,ooo as of March 1, 1907. Its offices are located in
the House Building, Pittsburgh, with no branches or
agents.
At the formation of the S. R. Smythe Company, the
steel, iron, glass and pottery industries were yet in their
ilifalicy  in  this country, so that it  has been intimately
associated with the upbuilding of these interests from
the beginning. It is known throughout the country by
reason of the work achieved, which stands as a monument to its skill.
Since the formation of the company it has built
plants for the Carnegie Steel Conipany, Pennsylvania
Tube Works, American Steel  Wire Co., American
Steel Hoop Comipany, Crucible Steel Company, and a
hundred or more plants of equal importance here and
in other cities, besides acting as consulting engineers for
pipe mills and steel plants in Germany and England.
It constructs furnaces for the production of iron
and steel, and the treatment of the same; furnaces for
the production of glass and treatment of the same in all
its branches; fuel gas plants for manufacturing and all
purposes, gas-producer plants, and general construction.
The company is composed of young men, energetic,
thorough, and familiar with the business. They are considered experts, whose advise is sought in  all branches
of  manufacturing. They  erect and equip manufacturing plants complete, doing  all the work  from the drawing up of the plains to turning on the power and starting
the machinery in operation. They are patentees of many
of the most important and useful processes of manufacture, and are constantly originating new devices which
have invariably proved useful and valuable to their clients.
The company has constructed work amounting to
from $3000,000 to $1,ooo,ooo annually since its organization, and in accordance with the spirit of progress
which characterizes its career is now handling more and
larger contracts than ever  before. This  fact  alone  is
the best  evidence  that  it possesses  the  confidence  and
respect of the  industries with  which  it has been prominently identified.
Its opinion in respect to the future of Pittsburgh and
vicinity  may  be quoted as follows: "We see no  reason
why Pittsburgh for all time should not hold her supremacy  as a  manufacturing  city, and will prosper and continue to advance and increase in all lines."
JAMES StEWARt  CO.-"I'll clean out the
burned district in seventy days, and do  it without a cent
profit to myself."
This statement made  by  Mr. James C. Stewart, of
James Stewart  Co., contractors of world-wide reputation in big engineering enterprises, after the conflagration in Baltilimore  a  few yeas  ago  is indicative  of the
man whose name is so closely associated with gigantic
undertakings in construction work of all kinds.  At the
time referred to Mr. Stewart was  in the  Monumental
City looking over the scene of desolation caused by the
flames that had wiped out the  business section.   Those
who knew him realized that he knew whereof he spoke.
He was accustomed to do big things, and was justified
in  making such sweeping assertions. The man who
cleaned up Galveston in forty-five days and completed
building projects involving an outlay of $26,ooo,ooo for
the Westinghouse Company in three years' time was a
main  to  whom contractors looked up to  and listened to
with respect.
When asked how  he would undertake  the  task  of
cleaning up the burned district of the stricken city in such
a short time, he answered in his characteristic manner:
"By laying down railway tracks and putting 6,ooo
or 7,ooo men with plenty of teams to work. That is how
have been able to do things, by organizing a big force
and keeping men emlployed."
The magnitude of the operations conducted by the
firm of James Stewart  Co. is almost inconceivable.
The record of this concern at Galveston is one that is
made in a decade and placed the company in a class by
itself. Every newspaper reader knows of the devastation
caused by the tidal wave a few years ago when Galveston
was almost wiped off the map.  American pluck and confidence prevailed, and the business men of the city
promptly decided  to  rebuild.  The work of tralisforming
chaos into cosmos, the cleaning up of the wreckage, and
the turning the conditions into the semblance of order
0in the quickest time possible was all important as well
as a large undertaking. This was done by James Stewart
 Co. in a little over six weeks.  The way in which it
was done was an eye-opener to the Southerners.
When the Baltimore fire destroyed the business blocks
of that city it was but natural that Mr. Stewart's company should establish itself in the Chesapeake city and
continue its record of rehabilitating on a large scale. Its
operations were a revelation to the staid and conservative
contractors of that quiet old burg. An office was opened
in close proximity to the "burnt district."  The members of the firm  associated with them  Mr. W. C. McAfee, the former chief engineer of the Baltimore fire
department, who became the local representative of the
company. One of the firm was constantly on the ground
to give advice as occasion would require.  The worldwide extent of the Stewart operations was recognized,
and the counsel of men who had built in almost every
civilized country was heard and followed.
The company put up a dozen of the new buildings
in record time and introduced methods that have been
held as a standard.  Those who know  anything about
Baltimore will appreciate what Stewart  Co. did for
that city in looking over the names of the buildings which
it erected there after the fire. They include the Franklin Building, corner of Baltimore and North Streets;
the Daniel Miller Company's Building, 28, 30 and 32
Hopkins Place, costing about $150,ooo; the large warehouse at 36, 38 and 40 Hopkins Place for Messrs. Simon
Rosenburg, Henry Burgunder and Hamburger Brothers;
the warehouse at I0 and I2 Hanover Street for the
Gaither Estate; the big Gaither Building at I07, 109 and
III North Charles Street for the Gaither Estate; the
warehouse at 9 and II Hanover Street for the Gaither
Estate; the group of warehouses with a frontage of an
entire block on Light Street for the Johns Hopkins Hospital Estate; the National Mechanics' Bank at the corner
of South and German Streets, costing over $Ioo,ooo; the
Wise Building at II0  West Fayette Street; the National
Exchange Building covering the block surrounded by
Liberty, German and Baltimore Streets and Hopkins
Place, and the group of nine warehouses from 8 to 26
East Lombard Street for Jesse Tyson, the Hopkins
Estate and the Safe Deposit  Trust Co. The reputation of the company is seen in the fact that its contracts
were executed for the largest, most conservative and most
exacting business men in Baltimore.  Any contractor
working for the Gaither Estate, the Safe Deposit  Trust
Co., the Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees and the like
had to give bona fide evidence that there was no flaw to
be found in its method of construction or the results it
produced.
With offices in New York, Pittsburgh, St. Louis,
New Orleans, San Francisco, Chicago and London, Eng.,
the company was conspicuous for its tremendous undertakings.  Magazines and newspapers have told how this
concern "did things" in England.  Mr. Stewart is preeminently a man of action, and he left for England one
day because of the slow progress of the work on the
Westinghouse electric plant near Manchester.  It was a
stupendous task.  The various buildings being put up
covered an area of 64 acres, and the English contractors
had been the best part of a year constructing the foundations. It was stated that it was impossible to complete
the work inside of five years. The Westinghouse people
remembered the record-breaking feats of the Stewart
Company and sent for Mr. Stewart.  Working in the
main with the English contractors as consulting and
supervising engineer he transformed the situation in a
twinkling.  The bricklayers nearly doubled the number
of bricks they were laying daily, and the entire force
of men employed was increased from 300 to over 2,600,
this number being again increased very shortly to about
4,500.  Hustling was introduced into every feature of
the work, and Mr. Stewart succeeded in doing in eleven
months what he had promised in eighteen, and what the
English contractors had declared could not be done in
less than five years. The feat was heralded throughout
Europe, and other big jobs dragging along were placed
under his supervision.  He completed a $6,ooo,ooo contract on the Midland Railway that had been hanging fire
for some time on account of strikes.  The quick completion of this contract was a striking illustration of the
ability of Mr. Stewart to handle men. He sent for the
leaders of the various unions and brought them to London, away from the atmosphere in which they were working. Everything of the best was provided for them, including a fine dinner in London. Mr. Stewart then explained why he had sent for them, wishing to talk over
the situation and come to a clear understanding.  He
PITTSBURGH EXPOSITION BUILDING. JAMES STEWART  CO., CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERStold them in his own cordial way what he would do for
them, what he wanted them to do for him, and what the
duty of both sides was to the railroad. He secured a
contract from every leader that there would be no strike
while Mr. Stewart was in charge of the work, and they
kept their promise. Mr. Stewart believes in treating his
men right to get and hold their confidence, giving then
to understand in a tactful way that he is the head. He
paid a tribute to the ability and handiwork of the English
worklman.
During the three years that Mr. Stewart remained in
England at that time he completed many millions of dollars worth of work, including the Westinghouse plant, the
repairs to the tunnel under the Mersey, the Yerkes powerhouse in London, the Savoy Hotel, which replaced a number of historic structures; a large office building on the
Strand, and other large undertakings in London, Glasgow
and elsewhere in Great Britain. He brought with him
a highly commendatory letter from King Edward to the
Westinghouse Company
for work done under
his direction for the
firm.
The work  of the
company in the United
States has been on a
vast scale in every section. The record of the
concern at Galveston
after the flood is best
known to the public.
The same company constructed the Stuyvesant
docks at New Orleans
for the Illinois Central
Railroad in I896. These are models of their kind.
In Pittsburgll a monument of the work of the company is the Exposition Building. This contract was completed inside of fifteen weeks from the day the wrecking
of the old structure was started. This was done despite
the fact that at the time the contract was awarded not a
drawing had been made from the plans, and twice during the progress of the operations the Allegheny River
rose to such an extent that the site was covered with
water to a depth of fully two feet. The obstacles overcome in the execution of this contract and the rapidity
with which the completion was accomplished is a record
that has not been surpassed in any city. The operations
of the firm in Pittsburgh have been on a big scale, and
its services are constantly in demand.
A notable feature of the engineering work of the
company in this country was the danmming of a pass in
the Mississippi delta, where, at the last point or gap
closed up, the water rushed through at the rate of 28
miles an hour, three miles faster than the current of the
Niagara River at the Falls.
The company is now building a large addition to the
historic Frontenac Hotel at Quebec. The cost of the
improvement will be nearly half a million of dollars, and
the addition will provide for 250 more rooms. The hotel
is owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway, and is one of
the best on the continent.  The fact that the Stewart
Conmpany is erecting the addition to this place is another
tribute to the excellence of the work done by the concern.
The firm of Jamles Stewart  Co. is closely identified
with two other large contracting concerns. One of these
is doing a big road-making contract in New York State.
The Stewart Cotmpany is strong financially and backs up
many of its enterprises in this respect. A large percentage of the big construction undertakings throughout the
country have been made possible by the fact that a conpany like this is capable and willing to finance sound
propositions.
The head offices of the company are at I35 Broadway, INew York Lity.
JAMES  L. STUART-The success of
a constructing engineer
is established by hi s
work. By whllat he has
done, th o u g h yet a
young man, James L.
Stuart is adjudged to
be a constructing engineer of conspicuous
ability.
A f t e r graduating
from Washington University, James L. Stuart
started in business in St. Louis about fifteen years ago.
So soon as he had obtained the necessary practical experience, he was entrusted  with important work in St.
Louis, New Orleans, Norfolk, Washington and New
York.
On coming to Pittsburgh in I9oI he was afforded a
variety of opportunities to prove his ability.  As constructing engineer in the erection of the great plant of
the Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co. at East
Pittsburgh, in which was included the building of a retaining wall a mile long, as well as the "inter-works railway," he showed to good advantage Ihis genius and
capacity.  Under his supervision also were erected the
well known Oliver buildings.
Recently he was associated with the construction of
the extension of the plant of the Chicago Portland
Cement Company at Oglesby, Illinois. In this important
contract were eight great structures built of steel and
concrete.
Next year, under Mr. Stuart's stipervision, will be
erected a building that in size and magnificence will rival,
CHATEAU FRONTENAC, QUEBEC, CAN., TO WHICH LARGE ADDITIONS
ARE BEING MADE BY JAMES STEWART  CO.P  I T  T  S  B  U  R  G  H.   275
skill and zeal were exerted. Though their first contracts
were modest ones, and meager was the pay, they executed
every specification with unskimped fidelity. The work
that they did was always a recommendation. Gradually,
steadily, they succeeded; not only in increasing their resources, but also in extending the scope of their operations. When better than wooden buildings were demanded, the erstwhile carpenters were qualified and
ready to undertake structural work of other kinds.
Their more ambitious efforts were fruitful of success.
Buildings that they erected long years ago are yet
pointed out as excellent types of the construction of the
period. In brick and stone and iron their work went
on; each decade witnessed better construction. As showing how former ideals have been outgrown, what structural changes the city has undergone, see what was most
favorably looked upon by a previous generation. At the
time of its erection by the Wilsons, the Lewis Block, on
Smithfield Street, was considered to be Pittsburgh's finest
business building. Structurally it embodied the idea of
all that was then believed to be attainable or desirable
in an office building. But eventually dawned in Pittsburgh the era of large structures, the utilization of steel
and improved fireproofing material. Between the Lewis
Block and some of the buildings recently erected by the
Wilsons, exist divergencies of size and excellence quite
easy to see.  In the Keenan building, which was ready
for occupancy on April I, I908, and on the new Jones
and Laughlin Building now thrusting its steel structure
towards the sky are splendidly exhibited the expeditiousness and efficiency of the A.  S. Wilson Co. Rapidly
carrying on the work of erecting both of these notable
buildings, and at the same time carefully looking after
various other important contracts, the company shows
to good advantage the strength of its management, and
the extent of its constructive ability.
So well equipped is the A.  S. Wilson Co., both in
respect to financial resources and working force, that it
is well prepared at any time to undertake building contracts of any description. The capitalization of the corporation is $I,200,000. It employs upwards of a thousand men.
In I902, after the firm of A.  S. Wilson had been
established in business in Pittsburgh for over fifty years,
the A.  S. Wilson Co. was incorporated. The present
officers of the company are: Adam Wilson, President;
J. Charles Wilson, Vice-President; A. J. Schutz, Treasurer, and J. N. Wolfe, Secretary. The Board of Directors is comprised as follows: Adam Wilson, J
Charles Wilson, A. J. Schutz, W. P. Clyde, J. C.
Schreiner, John Schreiner, W. L. Abbott, A. F. Vogel
and Frank Abbott.
Of Adam Wilson, the president of the company, in
the best sense it may be said that he is self-made. So
soon as he graduated from the public schools, he set out
to make his way in the world. Beginning as a bookT     H   E     S   T    O      R    Y  O    F
if not surpass, the largest and finest edifice in Pittsburgh.
His contracts already  made extend more than a year
ahead.
Mr. Stuart specializes in the construction of office
buildings, power plants and re-enforced concrete work.
What he has already achieved is convincing evidence of
his ability in that direction.
The offices of James L. Stuart are at 341 Sixth Avenue, Pittsburgh. He has a handsome residence in
Sewickley.
A.  S. WILSON CO.-By the principal buildings
of a city are indicated the wealth and importance of the
municipality. By the size and character of a structure,
partially at least, may be guessed the resources and
ability of the men who built it. Though in population
Pittsburgh ranks lower than several other American
cities, in assets and progress it occupies, relatively, a
much higher position.  Of buildings in Pittsburgh  it
may be said that a number of business edifices erected
here in recent years would not be out of place in any
metropolis. Substantial, convenient, magnificent they
stand, offering to every observer proof enough of how
capable their builders were.  Some of the largest and
best of these buildings were erected by the A.  S.
Wilson Co., and that corporation is honored accordingly.
It means something to be accounted among the most
successful builders in a city like Pittsburgh. And such
a reputation honorably maintained for fi fty-five years
insures a business standing that hardly can be too highly
appreciated. Identified with building operations in Pittsburgh since 1852, the A.  S. Wilson Co. is justly credited with having assisted greatly in bringing about the
structural prestige which the city enjoys to-day.
In the past half century American architecture has
been materially modified, unquestionably improved. So
sharply are defined the different periods that certain features of construction, even more than the outward appearance of age, suggest the time when a building was
erected. The utilization of the elevator, the use of structural steel made possible the stately structures that mark
the present stage of building development in our great
cities. Yclept a sky-scraper, the modern American office
building towers grandly above edifices of other days.
Yet despite its size and height, its strength, solidity and
luxurious accessories, under existing conditions, it can
be built much more quickly than could be the structures
of twenty years ago. Compared with what was done
fifty years since, building construction has been completely revolutionized. That the Wilsons were alert and
progressive, that they were endowed with the quality
that continually advances, is shown through the years
and by the way that their business has changed and
grown.
At the outset the Wilsons were unpretentious carpenters. On the wooden buildings of that day their                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2 76   1T  H  E  S  TS  0  R  Yt   O  FS  P1  t rSn T  S  B    ~U  R  G  H
keeper and accountant, he early acquired that capability              Bridge building as a name has come to be something
for rapid  and  accurate calculation that proved  so  ad-   of a  misnomer among  Pittsburgh's bridge erectors, as
vantageous  in his subsequent career.  But he was  not   their contracts include all manner of steel frame concontent to remain a clerk, even though he was accounted   struction, such as plants, oil talks, etc.  A  specialty has
an efficient and  faithful one.  Seeking the larger inde-  been made of erecting  the  huge iron and  steel plants
for public or private use, whether it be of wood, or brick,   Until the Union Bridge, the wooden structure spanning
stone, terra cotta, or steel, or a combination of any ap-   the Allegheny  River at the Point, was torn down, the
proved building materials, can be erected advantageosly    variety in structures ran from the old-fashioned covered
by the A.   S. Wilson Co.                       wooden bridge to the latest type cantilever, as typified in
As a tree is known by its fruits, so men and com-  the 700-foot span by which the Wabash Railroad crosses
panies best obtain recognition by what they have accom-   the Monongahela River at Ferry  Street.  Besicles these,
to its predecessor, the firm of A.   S. Wilson, through-   River at Tenth Street, a bow truss bridge, is considered
out Pittsburgh  and vicinity stand  numerous structures    an engineering  wonder, while tlle Point Bridge, one of
of size, beauy and imiportance.                                  the earliest steps in supetlsioli bgridges, blazed tlle                                                                                                                                                                                                        for a kind of bridge which has been universally adopted.
countries declared impossible, and then erected    engineers of to-day, makes possible the construction of
up-to-date bridges and buildworld  was  given  just another  sit-up-and-take-notice    ings with  heretofore  unparalleled  rapidity and  every
illustration of Pittsburgh's prowess.  Pittsburgh is the   economic advantage.
tions this.                                                                 structural steel trade.   Abroad no American concern exIts material strength and magnitude are attested in numerous enormous but not unbeautiful structures that
tower heavenward to heights undreamed of a decade or
two ago. Hither and yon, from Alaska's ice and snow
to the sun-scorched coasts of Central America are bridges
which the company has constructed. If the adage which
adjures the passenger to praise the bridge that carries
him safely across was always kept in mind, encomiums
of the American Bridge Company's work would be continually iterated. Every day, because of the company's
successful efforts, thousands of speeding trains almost
fly over obstacles placed by nature in the path of traffic;
though those on board give but little thought to the structures over which they so swiftly pass, when one thinks
of it, what has expedited or shortened railway travel
more than modern bridge-building?  Who can say how
much the building of bridges has helped to make history?
By inheritance and acquisition the American Bridge
Company now has the business that was founded in
Pittsburgh by Piper, Shiffler, Carnegie, Linville, Katte
and others who established the Keystone Bridge Company in I865.  In connection with works outside of
Pittsburgh many other familiar names might be mentioned.
The organization of the American Bridge Company
brought under one central management a considerable
portion of the country's manufacturing capacity in the
structural line. In May, I9oo, the then recently formed
company acquired the plants and trade of twenty of the
most important independent firms or corporations engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of iron
bridges, buildings and other structural work.  During
the following year several other large plants were purchased.  Scarcely was the Amnerican Bridge Company
formed before plans for new and larger plants were
made. At a place seventeen miles from Pittsburgh, selected because of its unexcelled transportation facilities,
was built the largest, m1ost complete and best equipped
structural plant in the United States.  The thriving
town thus brought into existence was named Ambridge
(a syncopation of the words American Bridge) in honor
of the comnpany. After the completion of the Ambridge
plant, because they were either old or inconveniently located, some of the smaller outlying plants were discontinued.  Other plants were enlarged and greatly improved.
The company is now operating plants at Alnbridge,
Athens, Pittsburgh and Pencoyd, Pennsylvania; East
Berlin, Connecticut; Edge Moor, Delaware; Canton and
Toledo, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Minneapolis, Minnesota.  The
company constantly employs in its various plants no less
than I3,500 men. The estimated capacity of all the plants
is 65o,ooo tons per annum, but it is likely that the actual
output of the company will be considerably in excess of
that estimate this year, as their business shows a large
percentage of increase.
Steel bridges and steel frames for office and mill
buildings, warehouses and other structures constitute its
main product, but in what others would consider immense quantities the company also makes steel and iron
castings, locomotive turntables, water pipes, water tanks,
steel coal-barges, dredge hulls and steamboat hulls. In
the comparatively brief time that the great establishment
at Ambridge has been in existence, 36 vessels of various
PLANT OF AMERICAN BRIDGE CO., AMBRIDGE, PA.26    T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
LIABILITIES.
stands a magnificent building, the tallest structure in
Pittsburgh. Towering upward in grandeur and strength,
this great building displays to the world the wealth and
importance of its owner, the Farmers' Deposit National
Bank. But the building, big as it is, hardly gives an
adequate idea of the size and significance of the bank's
business. Nor do mere figures convey to the average
mind the full realization of all that is meant by "deposits
amounting to $24,328, 589 77 "
That from an inconspiculous commencement in 1832
the bank has grown to its present immensity, shows not
only the possibilities of Pittsburgh, but also the contintling excellence of the bank's management. For full
three-quarters of a century the bank has lost sight of
no opportunity to increase its usefulness.  In all ways
that were desirable and safe it always kept pace with the
march of progress.  In making its almost continuous
advances, it has never stepped outside of the rather strict
limitations of commercial banking. Offering in the way
of banking facilities, investment securities, foreign drafts,
letters of credit, safe deposit vaults and the like, all that
any well-regulated modern bank may properly offer to
depositors and customers, the vast increase of its business is the best attestation that the commercial public
appreciate the system and methods of the Farmers' Deposit National Bank.
To its capital stock of $6,ooo,ooo are now added
surplus and undivided profits (net) amounting to $2,72 2, I09. 83.
In the past year the total of its deposits rose from
$22,1 73,419.83 to $24,328,589 77.
T. H. Given is President of the Farmers' Deposit
National Bank, and I. W. Flemming is Cashier.
THE FEDERAL NATIONAL BANK On the
ground floor of that towering structure of iron and
granite at Fifth Avenue and Smithfield Street, known
as the Park Building, fairly radiating the activity of
the great metropolis in the heart of which it is situated,
is the banking house of the Federal National Bank, an
institution the strength and worth of which is indexed
by its development and the important place it occupies
among the national banks in the great business and financial district of Pittsburgh and in the entire banking
world.
RESOURCES..... $I,OOO,OOO.OO...... 1,000,000.00... 31I5,250.35
*..     735,000.00
*  -.  3,323,478.08
$6,373,728-43
Capital stock.....................
Surplus........................
Unclivided profits..................
Circulation.....................
Deposits.......................
A glance at its list of officers and directors is confidence-inspiring, all being men of superior ability and
unquestioned financial standing in their several industrial and professional pursuits.  They are as follows:
Officers-Hugh Young, president; John S. Craig-, vicepresident; John H. Jones, vice-president; H. M. Landis,
vice-president and cashier;- John E. Haines, assistant
cashier. Directors: Hugh Young, John S. Craig, John
H. Jones, F. R. Babcock, J. H. Price, W. A. Dinker,
John Murphy, Justus Mulert, W. A. Roberts, David
Yost, J. L. Cooper, W. T. Todd, H. M. Landis and
John E. Haines.
From 1877 until he was selected from a long list of
possibilities as the best man for the presidency of the
Federal National Bank on December 8, 1903, Col. Hugh.
Young was a bank examiner, serving through six national administrations  with  the highest character and
reputation. Looking carefullly after the interests of this
bank, he has continued as president of the Tioga County
Savings  Trust Co. of Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, his
home town, and also finds time to write on economic
and financial topics, being considered an authority on
those subjects.
J. S. Craig, vice-president, is a very valuable officer
and director of the bank. He is one of the best examples
of the Pittsburgh manufacturer, is treasurer of the Riter
 Conley Manufacturing Co., the structural iron products of which firm are known over all the civilized world.
As Mr. Craig is a leader in the iron business, so
John H. Jones is a captain in the coal industry. He is
president of the Pittsburgh  Buffalo Co., the most important independent company in Pittsburgh, operating
largely in Washington County, and also manufacturing
brick of various kinds. Mr. Jones has for many years
been identified with the river coal business, and has many
diversified business interests.
Both H. M. Landis and John E. Haines have been
responsible for their full share of the large and continuous growth of the Federal National Bank.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH One of the great financial institutions of western Pennsylvania is the First National Bank of Pittsburgh; great, not only in the size of its capital stock, its
number of depositors who are representative of all walks
of life, its earning capacity, and its equipment, but exceptionally strong in its guiding, officers-men of sterling
$4, 1o9,964.67
883,200.00
248,685.07
22,o00.00
545,402 83
527,725.86
36,750,00
Loans and discounts................
U. S. bonds.........................
Stocks securities.....................
Furniture and fixtures................
Due from banks.....................
Cash on hand........................
Redemption fund....................
$6,373,728 43278  ~T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
received, everything required to build the bridge was
shipped from New York to Egypt. At Pencoyd it took
but twenty-nine working-days to turn out all that the
specifications called for; in Egypt the bridge was set up
and put together so expeditiously that it was completed in
two months. As the lowest British estimate required
over a year, the advantage of using American materials
and methods was sufficiently demonstrated.
In India, South Africa, Australia and other far-off
places the company has secured important contracts because it was able and ready to do the work quicker and
better than any competitor.
The investigations of the Japanese government made
evident the advantage of dealing with the American
Bridge Company. Japanese appreciation of the company's products was shown by large purchases. Chiefly
for bridges for the national railways in Japan proper
and on the Island of Formosa, the company exported to
Japan last year over I5,000 tons of structural steel work.
Previously it had supplied the steel work for the naval
docks at Kure, and for other government buildings.
Japan is the company's largest foreign customer, but from
Iceland to New Zealand, from Egypt to Peru, in fact
from nearly every land and clime, come orders.
In I906 the exports of the company amounted to upwards of 40,000 tons, and the entire geographical distribution of contracts was as follows: Africa, Canada,
China, Central America, Iceland, India, Japan, Korea,
Mexico, Newfoundland, New Zealand, the Philippines,
South America (all parts), and various islands of the
West Indies.
The position a railroad usually takes, when it comes
to ordinary bridges, is indicated by the following pertinent statement of a prominent engineer:
"We want as good bridges as any one; we don't want
to pay a cent more than they are worth, so if there is
anything in our requirements that adds to the cost without producing corresponding value, please point it out
to us."
In its ability to meet fully and without delay demands
of this kind is found at least a portion of the company's
success. The first step towards producing a maximum
of strength and utility at a minimum cost is the elimination of non-essentials.  As presented to-day, specifications for structural steel, while minutely explicit, are
pretty much alike and conform, usually, to what the
mills readily and regularly produce. By standardizing,
so far as is practicable, the material, and by the excision
of superfluities in construction work, in various instances actual value is added to the structure and a reduced cost is obtained. The engineer that insists upon
non-important deviations just to individualize his designs, often not only subjects his work to delay, but
increases the cost of construction without adding anything to the life, strength, or service of the structure.
No competitor of the American Bridge Company has
kinds have been built there, and a number of others are
now under way.
Of the authorized capital of the American Bridge
Company, $70,000,000, preferred stock to the value of
$31,373,8oo, and common stock amounting to $30,950,800, has been issued.
Added to the company's almost inexhaustible resources, its unequaled equipment, its wonderfully developed manufacturing facilities, its favorable trade
arrangements, and its world-wide clientele is the prestige
which good management alone can give.  Admittedly
the affairs of the company are splendidly administered.
The officers of the company are experienced, practical
men especially well qualified for the positions they occupy; men of proven ability who, to their present high
places, by their aptitude, resourcefulness, force of character and excellent service, have risen from the ranks;
men in the prime of life who actively devote their entire
time to their various duties; they are: August Ziesing,
President; Joshua A. Hatfield, Vice-President; William
H. Connell, Treasurer; Henry Schoonmaker,' Secretary,
and Frank B. Thompson, Auditor. Of the company's
most important division (Pittsburgh and vicinity) Emil
Gerber is Operating Manager, and James A. Huston is
Contracting Manager. Elbert H. Gary, Joshua A. Hatfield, Thomas Murray, Henry Schoonmaker and August
Ziesing compose the company's directorate.
At the commencement the general offices of the company were located in New York. Later they were moved
to Philadelplhia, but finally, due to the fact that this city
is the center of the steel industry and because of other
advantages, the company's headquarters were established
in Pittsburgh.
More than once when mighty difficulties needs must
be overcome and time was the essence of the contract,
European contenders for trade have advertised their inability to compete with the American Bridge Company.
How far the company outclasses its competitors was
shown in building the famous Atbara bridge across the
Nile in upper Egypt in I898. Military exigencies demanded tha the bridge should be built in the shortest
possible time. The English officials in charge laid the
matter before England's largest and most progressive
bridge builders., After due deliberation and a careful
survey of the situation, the British builders declared it
was utterly impossible to complete the work within a
year, the time limit imposed. The consequences of delay,
from a military standpoint, made so long a wait almost
out of the question. Rendered desperate by the immovability of the British contractors, the responsible official
thrust aside national pride and sought to see what could
be accomplished by American energy and time-saving
ingenuity. Specifications for a railroad bridge composed
of seven spans, each span to be I 40 feet long, were cabled
to what is now the "Pencoyd plant" of the American
Bridge Company. Just forty days after the data werea more efficient system of inspection. Every piece of
material, for whatever purpose used, is inspected, rigidly,
at least twice. Its construction work is thoroughly tested
by the most approved methods and appliances known to
engineering science. Full reports as to how, when, where,
and by whom the work was tested, and a specification of
the results of the test form  a part of the carefully recorded history of each contract.  At Amnbridge, at a
cost of over $Ioo,ooo, was installed the largest and most
effective "testing  plant" in the world.  Tremendous
power especially designed mechanism subjects the work
in its various stages to stress and strain many times more
severe than it would ever in any contingency be called
upon to endure in the bridge or building for which it
was intended.  Not only do these tests demonstrate the
correctness of the engineers' calculations, but they furnish
constantly required information.  They make assurance
doubly sure. If a theory
is wrong they prove it.
If there is a hidden defect it will be brought
to light. Imperfections
of any sort can not successfully withstand  the
tests imposed. This explains adequately why
such  great  confidence
exists in the work of the
American Bridge Company.
Steel  construction,
so adaptable and reliable, made possible the
gigantic edifices that are
rising so rapidly in our
great cities.  Year by
year the ascent continutes.  About the  only
limitation  now  placed  on  size  and  height is the
amount of money  capitalists are  prepared  to  pay
for this form of improved property. Extending upward
658 feet, the new structure of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York will be, for a while at
least, the tallest office building in the world.  By the
American Bridge Colnpany the supporting of the "Metropolitan tower" with thousands of tons of steel construction is looked upon as only one of its many important contracts. In such a building what a catastrophe
there would be if the engineers were at fault or the steel
construction lacked the requisite strength or stability.
However, no one is, or need be, alarmed. The proverb
"as true as steel" applies to the structural work of the
American Bridge Company.  Firmly established on a
solid foundation, built up according to specifications,
fastened together with strength sufficient to defy the
San Francisco earthquake, the steel construction work,
indifferent to the passing of time, will safely sustain its
load until that distant day when the "Metropolitan tower"
shall be removed to make room for a more lofty structure commensurate with the business needs of an ever
increasing population.
HEYL  PATTERSON As contracting engineers,
and as manufacturers of labor-saving devices, E. W.
Heyl and W. J. Patterson have won, in more ways than
one, deserved an enviable recognition. In a small office
at I oo Third Avenue, Pittsburgh, in I89o, the labors
of the firm began. In the years that followed, the business has appreciably prospered and grown. In 1895 the
partners occupied an entire building at Io8 Market
Street. Within a year it was necessary to secure more
room.  To their present location, at 5I, 52, 53 Water
Street, Heyl   Patterson moved in I898.  In connection with the business was established a
large and well-equipped
machine shop. In I9oo
the firm erected on its
own property at Greenwood Street and Preble
Avenue, Allegheny, the
H eyl  Patterso n
structural iron works.
In the various shops of
the  firm  are  steadily
employed a bo u t 750
men. Heyl  Patterson
are among the largest
employers of draughtsmen in Pittsburgh. Included in the industrial
adjuncts a n d devices
which the firm  manufacture  are:  Coalhandling machinery, coal-washing plants, coal tipples,
Lehr conveyors, car hauls for coal mines, slag machinery,
Platch handling-plants for glass factories.  The firm
1makes complete installation of plants, and its force of
field erectors averages about 350 men.
THE PENN BRIDGE COMPANY-One of the
great industries which is contributing to the fame of
the Pittsburgh district and carrying this fame to distant
parts of this country and countries far across the seas, is
the Penn Bridge Company.
It is not alone a builder of bridges, but it is engaged
in the construction of buildings and all classes of structural work. If you were fortunate enough to go to the
St. Louis Exposition, you saw there the fine United States
Government Building, whose steel structural work was
the product of this widely known and enterprising company.
STEEL FRAME OF U. S. GOVERNMENT. BUILDING, ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION, 175 FEET BY 800 FEET. ERECTED BY PENN BRIDGE CO.The Penn Bridge Company has its principal office at
Beaver Falls, Pa., and its works at Morado and Clayton,
Pa. It employs 500 men in the shops, with a steadily
increasing business. The company was founded by Mr.
T. B. White in I866; he was a designer and builder of
wooden bridges for a great many years. The company
was incorporated in I866, and reincorporated in December, I905, with a capital of $500,000.
The business of the company has grown steadily,
and embraces all classes of steel structural work. The
plants are capable of turning out a total product of 1,500
tons per month.
The volume of business amounts to $I,ooo,ooo per
year.  The company's fine work needs no advertising
outside of the splendid monuments to its skill and thoroughness to be seen all over the country. It has built
four bridges across the Ohio River, five bridges across
the Monongahela River, two across the Allegheny. The
bridge at Allentown is the longest built by the State of
Pennsylvania. There also- stands as examples of their
work the bridge across the East branch of the Potomac
River at Washington,
D. C., and among notable structural w o r k s
a r e t h e Government
l o c k s at Plaquemine,
Louisiana; dams Nos.
2, 4, 5 and 6 on the
Ohio -River; the Atlantic Coast Line Shops at
Waycross, Ga., the Armory at Trenton, N. J.,
and bridges and buildings in nearly every
State and territory of
this country, and wherever found, has given satisfaction.
The thorough and excellent work of the Penn Bridge
Company has not only built up a fine domestic trade, but
has extended it to foreign countries as well, the work
going to countries as far distant as Mexico, Honduras,
Porto Rico and Wales.
The officers and directors of the company are as follows: Samuel P. White, presidlent; J. F. Mitchell, secretary and treasurer; T. S. White, vice-president and
chief engineer; E. E. McPherson, assistant secretary; C.
H. Vaughn, constructing engineer; C. M. Emmons,
estimator and designing engineer, and R. J. Hier, superintendent of shops.
THE RITER - CONLEY MANUFACTURING
COMPANY-It means something to be more than
abreast of the times.  Energy, strength and preparedness are strongly suggested, and a high order of ability
is indicated. However, to maintain such a position successfully, great persistence, resourcefulness and capacity
for sustained effort must be manifested. Evident, from
the progress that has been made from the first organization of the company, is the Riter-Conley Manufacturing
Company's right to stand at the head of its own particular division of the great iron and steel industry, not
only in the United States, but throughout the entire
world.
The well deserved prominence of the Riter-Conley
Manufacturing Company was not won in a day, nor was
it won in a year. And it was not obtained through success achieved in the successful fulfilment of one or two
contracts of greater or lesser size and importance. Initiative, thoroughness and intelligent application are the
keys that unlock the doors that open up enlarged opportunities and build up a great and successful business.
And since the Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company is
now acknowledged to be about the largest concern in the
country engaged in its particular line of business, to this
company certainly attaches many, if not all, of the
aspects of greatness.
But the company's constructive ability, far-reaching
though it be, is exceeded by its reputation for reliability.
Not only for the nunmber and size of its contracts, but also for the
high standard and excellence of its work has
the Riter-Conley Company been  widely
known.
The concern started
in business in Pittsburgh in I873, the business of the conmpany at
that time being principally the manufacture
of boilers for river steamers, factories and other steam
generating systems.
A short time later, with the rapid growth of the oil
business, came the installation of immense storage tanks
and the laying of long pipe lines.  In the construction
and erection of these great storage tanks, from the time
the first one was planned and erected and up to the present day, the Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company was
particularly successful, and in an amazingly short time
had built up an immense business in this line alone. In
other territories, and working under conditions that were
not nearly so favorable as in the Pittsburgh district, the
concern has done equally well, until to-day the operations of the company in tank building and erection are
practically world-wide. Classified according to the many
purposes for which its varied lines of construction may
be applied, the contracts of the company cover an immense field and a great variety of work. The company
builds blast furnaces, steel works, rolling mnills, gas ancld
power plants, water towers, storage tanks of all kinds
and descriptions, mills and factories of all descriptions,
BRIDGE ACROSS MONONGAHELA RIVER AT GLENWOOD, PA. CENTER
SPAN 525 FEET. ERECTED BY PENN BRIDGE CO.penstocks and factory buildings built of structural steel.
The company fabricates its own steel in the different
forms and shapes required for all kinds and classes of
special construction, and, in addition, makes a specialty
of heavy plate work.  It takes and fulfills contracts of
any size, not only throughout the United States, but all
over the world, provided, of course, that they are of
sufficient size and importance to warrant such  distant
construction and erection.  Some of the
foreign contracts of the Riter-Conley Manufacturing   Company have extended over
considerable periods of time, and have
called for the expenditure of millions of
dollars.  The prestige of the company as
well as its well known ability to meet successfully coinpetition is well illustrated by
the fact that the company was the successful bidder on a large contract for the construction of the immense power plant for
one of the leading tramways of Glasgow,
Scotland.  This  contract, it might be
added, was secured in the face of lively
competition with local English and Scotch
contractors.
Throughout the entire Pittsburgh  district the Riter-Conley Company has erected immense blast furnaces and steel works.
To build these, and as successfully as has
been demonstrated, requires more than ordinary experience and ability   No other
form of steel construction is so severely tested, and the
skill and reliability of the contractor affects not only the
endurance of the structure or plant, but also the results
which are afterward obtained by the manufacturer.  It
is a significant fact that the Riter-Conley Company is
now being steadily employed on all new constructions by
the largest steel producers in the world on several of the
most important contracts that have ever been awarded.
This is a sufficient attestation of its standing. The conpany is now building eight of the largest blast furnaces
that have ever been contracted for for the United States
Steel Corporation, these being erected at the immense
new plant at Gary, Ind., that will cost approximately
$75,ooo00,ooo when completed.
The company is also building the mills and openhearth steel plant for the Pittsburgh Steel Company at
Monessen, Pa., a plant that will cost upwards of $4,000,ooo when comnpleted.
The Riter-Conley Manufacturing Company has two
large plants in the Pittsburgh district, one being located
at Allegheny, and the other at Leetsdale, Pa. The former
plant is on Preble Avenue and occupies about seven acres.
The heavier work, however, is done at the new plant
wvhich was built a few years ago at Leetsdale, and where
about I,ooo men, mostly skilled mlechanics, are employed.
The general offices of the company are located in the
company's own building at 56 Water Street, Pittsburgh,
and where the company has been located for a number
of years.
The business formation of the concern remained practically unchanged from  its formation until I899, when
the company was incorporated. The present officers are
as follows:  H. A. Carpenter, president; J. Gilmore
Fletcher, vice-president; W. L. Jack, treasurer; Joseph
LARGEST STEEL TANK GAS HOLDER IN THE WORLD
STOVES AND FURNACES AT GARY, INDIANA282  T H:i E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
Riter, secretary; F. R. Sites, assistant treasurer, and
Frederick Wulfetang, general purchasing agent, all well
known and highly respected business men.
ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS
ONLY TWENTY-FIVE YEARS SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION, YET QUITE
AN INDUSTRY TO-DAY
The Westinghouse Electric Works and its thousands
of employees, electric street cars, eye-dazzling electric
signs, electric heating and the myriad application of
harnessed lightning, are all a growth of a quarter of a
century, a time within the memory of people still young
men and women. It was 25 years ago that electricity
was first introduced to Pittsburgh, when an expert from
New York was brought here to show R. J. Daley, now
Superintendent of the City Bureau of Electricity, how to
string wires for electric lighting. The expert took sick
and Daly went ahead with the job, one of the first buildings to be wired being that of the Commercial Gazette,
on Fifth Avenue. To-day hundreds of firms take care
of various ends of this wonderful industry and form one
of the Pittsburgh district's biggest assets in commercial
activity. In fact the ramifications of electricity are such
that an entirely new field of employment has opened up
within the past ten years.
THE CARTER ELECTRIC COMPANY-The
Carter Electric Company, Lewis Block, is one of the important firms of Pittsburgh in its line of electric contracting. The sterling business policies followed by its
management from the inception of the concern accounts
for its phenomenal success, and it enjoys a deservedly
large patronage among the prominent and exclusive corporations and private properties of the city and community.
Its employees vary in number according to the business conditions, but they are all selected with a view to
procuring the best and most reliable workmen possible.
This policy of the company is one of most importance
and precludes many of the imperfections of service noted
in some concerns. Another policy worthy of note is that
all materials used are strictly first class. In order to
secure a contract, this company does not lower the quality
of its materials to come within the bounds of a low-priced
bid. Its work is trustworthy in every respect.
Its handiwork may be seen all over the city, and it
has equipped the Oliver Building on Sixth Avenue and
Wood Street, the Jos. Horne Company on Penn Avenue,
the Carnegie Building on Fifth Avenue, the Pittsburgh
Exposition Building on Duquesne Way, the Commonwealth Trust Company on Fourth Avenue, the Calvary
P. E. Church on Shady Avenue and Walnut Street, the
First Presbyterian Church on Sixth Avenue, the Duquesne Club on Sixth Avenue, and the residences of
H. C. Frick, D. P. Black and W. N. Frew in East End.
HEATING CONTRACTORS
THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAMFITTER INTO THE MODERN
CONTRACTOR A DECIDED GAIN
The evolution of the steamfitter of the old days into
the prosperous heating contractor of the present is another phase of that success which has marched forward
with the steel city's great building prosperity.  Pittsburgh has a number of firms catering exclusively to the
heating of office buildings and homes. The possibility
of concentrating power with the advent of the steam radiator have combined to revolutionize the ways of keeping
warm. The convenient bathroom of to-day, with hot
water always handy and imprisoned heat which needs
only the twist of a valve to release, would make the
patriot people of Washington's day think a miracle had
come to pass. Millions of dollars are spent annually in
Pittsburgh in availing humanity of the wares the new
ideas in heating have to offer.
IRON CITY HEATING COMPANY-A floor
space of six by twelve feet in a cellar-under what is
now the Fulton Building-and equipped solely with a
pair of willing hands are what made up the Iron City
Heating Company in I89I. To-day the concern is capitalized at $IOO,OOO, employs eighty men, maintains an
office in the Heeren Building, Pittsburgh, and occupies
two buildings, a four-story brick structure 60 by I05
feet, and a three-story frame structure 80 by I05 feet at
843-45-47 Jackson Street, and 844-46-48-50 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northside.
The company has dotted the Pittsburgh district with
installations in sky-scrapers, mills, factories, schools,
churches, residences and various institutions, among
which may be mentioned the following:
Wabash passenger station, store buildings of Joseph
Horne Company, Kaufmann Brothers  Rosenbaum
Co., James B. Haines  Co., Murdoch, Kerr  Co.,
Pittsburgh Mercantile Company, T. J. Keenan Building,
Westinghouse office building, Grand Opera House, St.
Nicholas Law Building, Duquesne Club, the "GazetteTimes" Building, the Pittsburgh "Post" Building,
Eleventh, Twelfth and Fourteenth Ward schools,
Church of the Epiphany, Mercy Hospital, Third Presbyterian, St. Brigid's, St. Stanislaus, Second Presbyterian, Knoxville U. P. Churches, United Presbyterian
Seminary, Northside; St. Paul's Orphan Asylum, Idlewood; Morganza Reform School, Westinghouse Electric
 Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh; Convent of
Mercy, St. Francis Hospital, banking houses of Union
Trust Company, Colonial Trust Company, Pittsburgh,
and Peoples' Bank, McKeesport; residences o f W. H.
Rowe, Sam F. Sipe, H. C. Bair, J. C. Thaw, H. P. Bope,
James Scott, Thomas Rodd, Emmet Queen, T. N.
Barnsdall, S. D. Ache, H. C. McEldowney, Jacob Kaufmann,-Hon. J. R. MacFarlane, Maj. G. M. Lauhlin, allT H E   S T O R Yt  O F   P I T T S B U R G H   283
of Pittsburgh, and Thomas Lynch, Greensburg; R. D.
Book, A. M. Byers, Richard R. Quay, all at Sewickley,
and others.
James S. McVey, founder and president of the Iron
City Heating Company, and John McMurray, vice-president, learned and worked at their trade of steamfitting.
Both formerly were connected with the Kelly  Jones
Co., Mr. McMurray as superintendent of construction.
Ewald E. Kaschub, secretary-treasurer, has been associated with the concern since its inception.  All Pittsburghers of energy, pluck and thorough business ability,
their success is peculiarly a success of Greater Pittsburgh.
The present business grew from a small jobbing
trade begun by Mr. McVey in September, I89I, in the
cellar before mentioned, became a copartnership in April,
1892, and was incorporated July I2, I906. Alert always for new ideas, the company is one of the few such
concerns equipped with machinery for cutting, and threading pipe from 1/8 to I8 inches in diameter. Th-e career
of the Iron City Heating Company has been a succession of moves to more commodious quarters, and it is
still growing.
"With the growth and demand for more buildings
and factories our business has its best time to see," is the
optimistic view of President McVey.
FIREPROOFING
THE MODERN SKY- SCRAPER COULD NOT EXIST WERE FIRE
PROOFING UNKNOWN
The part fireproofing plays in the extensive building
operations of a city of Pittsburgh's size is illustrated by
the fact that without fireproofing such structures would
be impossible. Fifteen and twenty-story buildings would
not be permitted if it were impossible to make them fireproof, and great sums of money would not be risked
in the smaller structures if this precautionary feature
was unheard of. As in steel, coal, electric apparatus and
innumerable varied industries, Pittsburgh also is the home
of fireproofing. Billions of dollars invested in structures
the country over is protected by fireproofing made in
Pittsburgh.
THE NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY-To the National Fire Proofing Company is
justly ascribed a great deal of the credit due for demonstrating the various advantages, especially the unequalled
protection against fire, afforded by hollow building blocks
of terra cotta.
Buildings erected according to the form of construction devised by the National Fire Proofing Company
are, under all circumstances, absolutely unburnable.
Honestly built, in conformity with the specifications of
the company, a structure will defy for any length of
time the action of fire. Being more than merely incombustible, terra cotta hollow tiles will resist successf ully
the most intense heat; they will withstand unscathed a
continued temperature that will melt steel columns and
cause the best concrete to crumble and disintegrate; af ter
more than thirty years of use, tried literally with the
utmost severity in the fires that devastated Baltimore
and San Francisco, terra cotta is the acknowledged
standard by which excellence in fire-proof construction is
reckoned.
Terra cotta is composed of clay which has been
burned in a kiln at a temperature of from 2,000 to 2,500
degrees Fahrenheit. A cubic f oot of terra cotta hollow
tile weighs about 40 pounds, while the weight of a similar bulk of the best cinder concrete, suitable for arches,
is, approximately, go pounds.  From  an  economical
standpoint it is easily demonstrated that a building can
be erected of hollow blocks at a less cost than if built
of ordinary bricks. The blocks being proportionately
lighter in weight than brick, the expense of transportation is not so great. Because the hollow block measures
8 by 8 by I6 inches, and is about twelve times the size of
a common brick, the cost of laying the same is considerably less. In recent tests, made by the United States
Government, by the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory and by
the Rose Polytechnic Institute, the average compression
strength of an 8 by 8 by 16-inch hollow block was shown
to be about 200,ooo pounds, or over 6,ooo pounds per
square inch of vertical wall; in hundreds of tests, in actual use, it has been demonstrated beyond question that
the strength of these blocks is amply sufficient for almost any demands that may be put upon them.
Made of both glazed and unglazed ware, susceptible
of being moulded in almnost any shape or design required,
terra cotta hollow blocks can be most advantageously
utilized for a great variety of building purposes. A wall
built of hollow blocks will have air chambers running
through it, thereby eliminating all possibility of dampness; non-absorbent, sound-proof, fire-defying walls, partitions and floors of terra cotta hollow tiles make a house
cooler in summer, and warmer in winter. And the best
of it, it costs not ten per cent. more than ordinary construction that is neither fire-proof, nor so handsome, nor
so sanitary.
In the little back room of ex-Governor Stone's law
of fice on January 2 5, I889, W. H. Graham, W. D.
Henry and D. F. Henry met. As the result of this
meeting was formed the Pittsburgh Terra Cotta Lumber
Company, which on December 20, I902, became the National Fire Proofing Company. For a while after the
company was formed, the material was purchased from
Booth  Flinn's Bedford Avenue brickyard. But now
through excellent management and the successful exploitation of a manifestly superior product, the erstwhile
little company has grown to one of the great manufacturing concerns of the country. It now owns and operates
twenty-nine terra cotta works, and its annual output ofmanufactured clay products is of enormous proportions.
Its mnanufactures consist of porous terra cotta or dense
tile; plain and ornamental building blocks; plain and
ornamental building bricks; fire, building and hollow
bricks; vitrified clay conduits for telephone, telegraph
and railway cables, and flue lining.
The National Fire Proofing Company is capitalized
at $I2,500,000. Its various works are located at favorable points in the vicinity of the large cities. Its general offices are in the Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, but
very important branches are maintained in New York,
Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, Canton
(Ohio), Cincinnati, Cleveland, St. Louis, Minneapolis
and Los Angeles; besides all these in the United States,
the company has another great sub-office in London,
England.
The officers of the National Fire Proofing Company
are: W. D. Henry,
President; R. W. Allison, Vice-President and
Manager of Sales; E.
V. Johnson, Vice-President and Western Manager; Henry M. Keasby,
Vice-President and
Eastern Manager; J. P.
Robbins, Treasurer, and
C. V. Jones, Secretary.
On the Board of Directors of the company
are:  D. F. Henry,
Chairman; W. D.
Henry, R. W. Allison,
James J. Booth, John
B. Finley, William H.
Graham, T. Hart Given,
William A. Stone,
Henry M. Keasby, E.
V. Johnson, W. A. Dinker, Fred Gwinner, Jr., John R.
Cregg, Theo. H. Straub, Hay Walker, Jr.
The marked success which the company has achieved
in no small measure is attributable to the energy and
zeal, the progressiveness and good judgment of its officers and directors, yet fundamentally the prosperity of
the company is based on the productive capacity.
Hollow tile was first utilized in New York about
thirty years ago.  Now the output exceeds 2,500,000
tons a year. The extent to which it is used is indicated
by the fact that in the recently completed office building
of the Union Trust Comnpany in Pittsburgh were used
about 300,000 square feet of hollow tile fireproofing.
A splefidid exalnple of fire-proof construction is the
great Marlborough-Blenheim  Hotel at Atlantic City,
which was erected by the National Fire Proofing Comnpany in about five nmonths. Notably, too, the excellence
of the company's work is also attested in the Post Office
Building at Chicago. But these are only two instances.
Not only by the extent, but also by the superiority of
its work the National Fire Proofing Company is proven
to be the world's most successful builder of fire-proof
construction.
BANK AND OFFICE INTERIQR WORK
RICHNESS, TASTE AND UTILITY CHARACTERISTIC OF PITTSBURGH'S IBANKS AND BUSINESS OFFICES
Few housewives would deny themselves the privilege
of furnishing their home, yet the busy man of affairs
leaves it to others and, presto! another industry springs
into being. Visitors to the tastefully furnished offices of
banks and quarters in tall buildings frequently fail to
realize that the whole is the work of experts who are doing just this work every hour in the day and each day
in the year. F urniture
must match the woodwork of a building or
office, chairs must not
look unlike desks, nor
must furniture  h a v e
curves or corners not in
accord with the general
schene of the office,
and, withal, there must
be utility. That this is
dclo ne satisfactorily is
proved by the reputation Pittsburgh business
houses have for interior decoration.
W. B.  McLEAN
M A N U FACTURING
C O M P A N Y-The
founder of the W. B.
McLean Maniufacturing Company was William B. McLean. In I878 he started the present business with two
or three meln, using an old barn on Herron Hill for a
shop.
In 1887 a piece of property was bought on Herron
Avenue, and a small plant erected. This has been added
to from time to time, and at present is one of the largest, if not the largest, wood-working plant in Greater
Pittsburgh.
After the death of W. B. McLean in I889, the business was taken over by his sons, who have since continued to conduct it. The company is so organized that
each has a share of the business that he is required to
attend to.  That they work in harmony is proven by
the length of time the concern has existed, and also by
the quantity of the work produced.
The factory and offices are at 1054 Herron Avenue,
formerly Thirty-third Street.  This is in the Hill disSPECIMEN OF INTERIOR WORK BY W. B. McL,EAN MANUFACTURKING
COMPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    285
mond became the senior partner and guiding hand. He
withdrew from this partnership in March, I900, however, and, starting in the same business again, formed a
partnership with his son, John L. Richmond, and since
that time has engaged in business under the above name.
Large yards for the storage of equipment and building supplies are maintained in several districts in the
vicinity of Pittsburgh, and at times the firm has a force
of men running into the hundreds in its employ, as frequently fifty or more houses have been under construction in various localities at the same time.
MANTELS AND TILES
THE PRETTIEST ORNAMENT TO A HOUSE NOW MADE ARTISTICALLY INEXPENSIVE
In the rapid march of improvements in the building
trade art mantels and tile have been in the front rank. A
glimpse at latter-day residences is sufficient to show the
vast progress between the days of plain wood, iron or
slate mantels and the fancy wood and art tile mantels
of to-day. A fireplace in the home of to-day can be
surrounded with a frame as costly as $I,500. Pittsburgh concerns have been exceptionally successful in
catering to this trade, being noted for the finer work accomplished with domestic or imported marble.
THE LOGAN COMPANY-This concern, established in I895 and incorporated in I905, does an extensive wholesale and retail business in mantels, tile, marble,
marbleithic wood, coal and gas fireplaces, andirons, gas,
electric and combination chandeliers and lamps.
The company's offices are at 5929-3I Baum Street,
East End, Pittsburgh, and employs about seventy men.
Its capital is $75,ooo, and its officials are: A. E. Logan,
president; R. S. Robinson, vice-president, and A. P.
Harrison, secretary and treasurer.  The Logan Company is the only local importer of foreign tile and has
built up a large and growing trade in this product.
By close attention to business this firm has increased
its floor space f rom 800 square feet in 1895 to 20,000
square feet at the present time. This was possible only
through unremitting efforts and the skill to please. Some
of the representative contracts filled are the residences
of C. D. Armstrong, H. J. Heinz, T. M. Armstrong,
A. R. Peacock, A. A. Frauenheim, C. K. Hill W. H.
Schoen, A. M. Neeper, Mrs. Rebecca Berger, F. E.
Rutan, Mrs. Wm. Thaw, Mrs. Wm. Thaw, Jr., Robert
Pitcairn, D. L. Gillespie, R, G. Gillespie, Schenhotel and
many other public and private buildings.
" Although in its infancy in this country," said a
member of this company, "the Tile Industry has unlimited possibilities both in mural decorations and sanitary
work, and is growing in popularity every year. The
trade is being revolutionized by improvements with
which we claim to keep in touch."
trict, near Grant Boulevard, and is accessible through
both steam and trolley car service.
The members of the company are Barnet W. McLean, president; J. Frank McLean, vice-president; John
R. McLean, secretary and treasurer, and Walter McLean, manager.
Their trade at present covers the territory within
200 miles of Pittsburgh, which territory they expect to
extend as quickly as larger facilities can be arranged.
The W. B. McLean Manufacturing Company is well
known as designers and manufacturers of hardwood
work, store, bank and office fixtur-es, and dealers in store
and office furniture.
This city is credited with having the greatest number of banks of any city of its size, and the rich woods,
exclusiveness of design and good taste displayed in the
interior fixtures are greatly admired. The McLean Company's work is to be seen in many of the best of the
Pittsburgh banks.
PARQUETRY FLOORS
AN ART OF MATCHING WOODS OF VARIOUS COLORS THAT HAS
PROVEN PROFITABLE
The interior decoration of innunerable Pittsburgh
business houses and thousands of homes indicate that the
love for parquetry flooring is not a craze, and if any
other evidence to the contrary is needed, a glimpse at the
busy workshops of firms engaged in this business will
furnish it. Several Steel City companies have built prosperous establishments by furnishing people with the kind
of flooring that costs from 30 cents to $2 a square f oot.
Parquetry is the art of matching woods of various colors
so that the result is a pretty design, the whole highly polished, and much of the attractiveness of the finer residences is due to the finishing touch in tastefulness given
by parquetry flooring.
ANDREW RICHMOND  SON-Standing high
in the ranks of the house-building and general contractors is the firm of Andrew Richmond  Son, whose
general offices are located in the Home Trust Building,
54I Wood Street, Pittsburgh. The firm has built a
large number of the suburban residences in the territory
surrounding Pittsburgh and Allegheny for the past few
years, and some of the finest and most substantial residences and business blocks in the city proper have been
constructed by the firm under contract.
Andrew Richmond has followed this line of business
practically all of his life, and in the early nineties entered the contracting firm which for a number of years
was known as Clark, Richmond  Co. This firm dissolved partnership in 1897, Andrew Richmond retiring
from the business which was assumed by his former
partner. The firm of Richmond  Hardy was then
formed, engaging in the same business, and Mr. Rich286  T H E -S T O R Y   O F   P.I T T S B U R G H
THE D. J. KENNEDY COMPANY-The D. J.
Kennedy Company was established in I 879 and was
incorporated in I 902.  The total investment is about
$800,000. The directors of the company are: D. J.
Kennedy, J. C. Adams and C. W. Searight. The company is a producer of builders' supplies, coal, brick,
ement, lime and sewer pipe. The general offices are
locatecdwe at 6366 Frankstown Avenue, Pittsburgh; the
sales offices and brick exhibit at IOOI Arrott Building,
Pittsburghl; the shi-pping offices, yardls ancl wareho-uses
at Braddcock Avenue and ThomLas Street, at Enterprise
the Pennsylvania Railroad, ancl at Twentysixth and
The company ships a large portion of the brick output to Chicago, Toledo, Cleveland, Buffalo, Rochester,
New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington
and Boston. Other lines are sent to Pennsylvania, Ohio
and West Virginia, which territory it covers regularly
with its salesmen.
The business was started by D. J. Kennedy in I873
in a small yard in the East End.  Af ter continued
growth and removals, he built in I904 a yard at Braddock Avenue and Thomas Street, later it was improved
with warehouses, plaster mill, stables, etc. In I905 he
established yards at Twenty-sixth and Railroad Streets,
in Pittsburgh, and at Island Avenue and the Pennsylvania Lines in Allegheny.
With four yards located as they are, excellent service
can be given on orders for delivery from Braddock on
the East, to Bellevue and Emsworth on the West. The
company has railroad sidings in all yards, enabling it to
ship out-of-town orders promptly.
The D. J. Kennedy Company manufactures at its
Wilkinsburg plant "Roman Asbestic" plaster, its own
brand of hard wall plaster. Lehigh Portland cement is
one of its chief commodities, about 2,000,ooo barrels
having been used in the Wabash Railroad entrance to
Pittsburgh. The company has also furnished several
hundred thousand barrels to the steel mills, for machinery
foundations, and to contractors for concrete buildings,
street paving, etc., and to the Government for locks and
dams on the Ohio, Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers.
The "Darlington Gray" brick of the company has found
favor in Pittsburgh and other cities.
Mr. D. J. Kennedy was born in Pittsburgh in I860,
and began his present business in 1879.  He is also
president of the Bulger Block Coal Company, treasurer
and general manager of Darlington Brick  Mining Co.,
director of the City Deposit Bank, Pittsburgh, and the
American Gypsum Company of Cleveland, Ohio. J. C.
Adams secretary and treasurer of the company, was
born in Armstrong County in I87I and became identified
with the present business in I888. He is also secretary
and treasurer of the Bulger Block Coal Company, secretary of the Darlington Brick  Mining Co., and
director of the Park Bank.
BUILDERS' SUPPLIES
HARDLY A DAY PASSES WITHOUT GIVING BIRTH TO SOME
NOVEL SPECIALTY
Though building operations are becoming more specialized every day, each new specialty giving birth to
companies which immediately establish branch offices or
supply stations convenient to the centers of great building activities, the builders' supply house continues to
grow. It is to the building trade what the general store
is to the country village.  In Pittsburgh some of the
largest retail and wholesale establishments, representing
investments of millions of dollars and annual sales of
many more millions, cater almost exclusively to the
building trade. Screws, bolts, nuts, carpenter tools, machinist tools, steamfitter tools-millions of things necessary to building-make up a costly stock which must
always be on hand. A volume could be written on the
early struggles of some of these concerns, concerns that
have grown now to such proportions that many of them
maintain factories of their own and have enlarged upon
the territory in which their wares are sold until it includes
the whole world.
HOUSTON BROTHERS COMPANY-In building supplies, as in every line of business, reputation and
age are huge f actors in the success of a firm engaged in
that line of industry. After a firm has stood the test
of over twenty-five years of activity in its mercantile
pursuits, its customers and the community at large give
to it unquestioned trust and patronage. Such good will
and fealty are enjoyed by Houston Brothers Company,
a corporation which has never been found lacking in
any minutest detail of its business.
We shall give just one illustration of the service to
home industries rendered by this company. When the
company began business, everybody was using imported
cement, it being considered impossible for American
goods to reach the excellence of and the power to compete with the foreign material. Houston Brothers began making a cement they called "Vulcanite Portland
Cement, one of the earliest brands of the domestic article, and still one of their leading manufactures.  It
was such a superior material that in a short time the
trade in imported cement had fallen off immensely, and
now American goods are considered better than the
foreign.
This company has a capital stock of $I75,ooo, and
does a most flourishing business in Pittsburgh, in western Pennsylvania and in the adjacent States. Its main
offices and yard are at Thirty-second Street and Pennsylvania R. R., and a branch office and yard is located
at Shakespeare and Beitler Streets, East End, Pittsburgh.
The firm's personnel is as follows: Samuel M. Houston,
president; Andrew C. Houston, treasurer; Jesse J. Haas,
secretary.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    287
ing, Grand Opera House, Union National Bank Building, Sauer Building, Carnegie Institute, Carnegie Technical Schools, Vilsack Building, Farrell Building,
Tradesman's Building, Federal Street Station, Demmler
and Schenck Buildings, and others.
All those interested will find a hearty welcome at the
Terra Cotta Exhibit of Scott A. White, 609 Lewis
Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
CORNICES, SKYLIGHTS, CEILINGS
IN VERY MANY WAYS WOOD HAS GIVEN WAY TO METAL IN
DECORATIVE DETAI LS
Metal as a building necessity has been increasing in
importance each year,  and Pittsburgh is among the foremost cities both in the manufacture of metallic trimmings and in finding new ways to utilize metal work.
Metal cornices and skylights have long been a trade
staple, and the making of these annually adds a great sum
to the total of Pittsburgh's prosperity and gives work to
an army of men. Pittsburgh, however, has excelled in
producing the more modern metal fixture, the metallic
ceiling, and the enterprising men back of companies turning out these ceilings ha ve made their adoption almost
universal throughout the Steel City.
ALLEGHENY CORNICE  SKYLIGHT CO.
-Starting in I896, a partnership of two, in the tin,
roofing, cornice and skylight work on a small scale,
by 1903 the capital was inadequate to take care of the
business and a corporation was formed selling just
enough stock to enable them to handle work of any
magnitude, but keeping the same management and high
standard of work, thus the Allegheny Cornice  Skylight Co. has become one of the foremost in architectural
sheet-metal work in the State.
It makes cornices, skylights, fire-proof windows, and
anything in architectural sheet-metal work, and is expert
in any kind of roofing. Its f actory and wareroom is in
Boquet Street, Allegheny, where the average number of
employees is about seventy-five. The office of the company is in the Ferguson Building, Pittsburgh.
The special structural iron skylights are made in any
weight or strength desired, and cannot be duplicated
anywhere. It has the facilities for making any design
of cornice out of any metal desired, suitable for buildings
of any style or size.
It makes a specialty of iron pipe work of large scale
for mills, factories or large buildings. It has something
new in metal wall-ties for brickwork, and the automatic
closing double-hung or pivoted sheet-metal window it
claims has no equal in America.
The company executed the contract for the architectural sheet-metal work, copper  cornices, etc., on the
buildings erected for the Carnegie Institute, Department
of Technical Schools, in I905 and I906, also for the
SCOTT A. WHITE-Terra cotta is the best building material. It is made from clay by the Northwestern
Terra Cotta Company. Clay is made from granite by
nature. The Lord first tried granite, but found it wanting. Through the slow but powerful agencies of nature
He decomposes it and transforms it into clay for man
to produce something more durable than granite. Man
burns it and makes terra cotta.
The Northwestern Terra Cotta Company used thirty
thousand tons of it last year. There was more terra
cotta used in this country last year, and more manufactured by the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company, than
in any other year.
Enameled terra cotta is naturally given the preference over any other. At the same time the Northwestern
Terra Cotta Company's new granite ware is coming in
vogue more and more every year. This latter material
was used in the new Union National Bank Building,
Pittsburgh, for the entire fronts above the natural granite
in the first two stories. The beautiful color and texture
of the granite are here combined with the artistic possibilities which terra cotta alone possesses.  The result
speaks for itself.
For the Mentor or Pike Building, Chicago, the terra
cotta used has a transparent glaze over the granite finish,
which gives it the strong characteristics and luminous
colors of natural polished granite. A few happy touches
of green glaze inddicate what might be done by the application of different colors on a larger scale.
Other possibilities are revealed by the use of terra
cotta in the new Greensburg court-house. The ivory and
gold enamel work on the turrets ancl dlome glisten in
the sunlight ancl addc to the beauty of the btiilcling.
Other conspicuous examnples of recent granitware
are the Kittanning National Bank, in K(ittanning, Pa.,
the Scarritt Building in Kansas City, and the American
Savings Bank  Trust Co. Building in Seattle, and the
Coraopolis Savings  Trust Co.'s building.
Among some of the latest enameled jobs mnay be mentionedl the McCreery Building, which is an excellent examnple of enamneled terra cotta treatment; the new Frick
Annex Building shows an up-o-date full-enameled terra
cotta front; white-enameled terra cotta will also be used
extensively on the new Grunewald Hotel in New Orleans, as well as in the new People's National Bank at
McKeesport, Pa.
Considering durability, fire-proof qualities, beauty ancl
variety of color and artistic possibilities, it is not surprising that architects throughout the country use terra
cotta wherever they can in preference to stone or any
other buildng material.
Among the buildings in Pittsburgh in which Mr.
Scott A. White has furnished Northwestern Terra Cotta
are the following: McCreery Building, Zoch Building,
Kleber Building, Oliver Building, Oliver and Liberty
Avenus; Farmners' Bank Building, Frick Annex BuildT H E   S T 0 R Y   0 F   P I T T S B U R G H    27l
business integrity and ability, who have ach
in their many and various interests, and
are synonyms of efficiency, conservatism
business enterprises. Their management of
tions of the bank in its intelligent, persist
meet its customers' requirements made possi
ieved success  bank has paid to date $2I5,000. Its present capital, surwhose names  plus and undivided profits amount to $234,000.
and safety in    In I 902 the bank erected on the corner of Main
the transac-  Street and Meadow Lane a building befitting its imporent effort to  tance and dignity. In this handsome structure of Milforn
ble the rapid  granite and pressed brick, six stories high, and covering
especially re-  an area of 66 by I60 feet, the bank has a building of
which Connellsville is rightly proud. The banking offices
are fitted up with appropriate elegance and every modern
Total Profits    convenience.;2,785,985 53     In addition to all the usual business of a national bank,
4,137,505.34   the First National Bank of Connellsville conducts a sav4,711, 516.20  ings department that pays four per cent. compound in8,486,443.93   terest, and has especial facilities for doing banking by
2 392 835 49   mail. The bank also does an extensive business in forI,4105.25    eign exchange. A popular adjunct of the bank are the
4 362,392.80   amply protected and conveniently arranged saf e deposit
3,789, I19.1I vaults.
5,001,880.63      The officers of the bank are John D. Frisbee, Presi5 985,863.21 dent; Joseph R. Stauffer, Vice-President, and E. T. Nor8,264, 276.42  ton, Cashier. The directors of the First National Bank
of Connellsville  are:  John  D. Frisbee, Joseph  R.
Stauffer, William Weihe, Robert Norris, E. T. Norton,
J. L. Kendall and E. C. Higbee.
markable in the ten years from 1896.
iS e
Surplus and Undivided Profits
$424,372.37
484,820.38
536,008.37
594,266.05
753,265.62
913,520.35
I,077,883.86
2,294, II8.8I
2,349,837.35
2,405,332.3I
2,508,997.94
Year
I 896..................
1897................
I89.........
I899........
I9        0 0.........
T90II........
I 902................
19  3.........
19  4.........
1905........
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
The First National Bank of Pittsburgh came into
existence in I 852 under the name of "The Pittsburgh
Trust  Savings Co." On the eighth of August, 1863, it
received its charter as a national depository, being the
first in Pittsburgh and one of the first in the United
States to receive this honor. That the officers have the
utmost faith in the future of Pittsburgh and their bank
is evidenced by the fact that they are building at Fifth
Avenue and Wood Street, on a site three times as extensive as that heretofore found sufficient, an edifice for the
exclusive use of the bank which will be one of the finest
bank houses in the world. Until this building is Completed, the bank is located at 242 Fifth Avenue.
Following are the officers and directors:  F. H.
Skelding, president; Thos. Wightman, vice-president; J.
L. Dawson Speer, vice-president; F. H. Richard, cashier;
T. C. Griggs, assitant cashier; William F. Benkiser,
manager foreign department; Theo. Reinboldt, assistant
manager foreign department. Directors: W. Harry
Brown, John D. Culbertson, Francis H. Denny, John
W. Garland, J. S. Kuhn, W. S. Kuhn, Wilson Miller,
William C. Moreland, A. M. McCrea, George S. Oliver,
Charles A. Painter, F. H. Richard, F. L. Robbins, F.
H. Skelding, J. L. D. Speer, J. J. Turner, Thomas
Wightman.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CONNELLSVILLE, PA.-Established in April, I 876, the First
National Bank of Connellsville, always well managed,
has steadily and consistently added to its resources and
stability.
In January, I893, the First National Bank of Connellsville declared a dividend of fifty per cent. and increased its capitalization to $75,000. In dividends the
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF UNIONTOWN,
PA.-When Isaac Skiles sold his holdings in the bank
about I 870, Jasper M. Thompson, father of J. V.
Thompson, and one of the organizers of the bank, became president. In I863 the bank had taken advantage
of the national bank act and became a national bank.
The growth of the institution has been phenomenal.
In June, I870, its surplus was $7,665.I6; deposits, $70,7o6.34; total reserves, $194,313. By January 26, I907,
J. V. Thompson's efficient management had brought the
surplus up to $I,I00,000; deposits, $2,5 70,014; total
resources, $3,8 I8,9I00. I3
But the bank fairly outstripped itself in accomplishing the feat of leading all the national banks of the
country, including the enormous institutions in the larger
cities, like New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,
etc., and those in the smaller cities and towns. The
honor roll of national banks is a table made up from the
reports all national banks are required to make to the
government each year.  Of the 6,288 national banks
doing business, only 880, or seven out of every Ioo, got
on the honor roll in 1907. The First National of Uniontown led all those entitled to be honored. To get on the
honor roll a bank must show surplus and undivided
profits equal to or in excess of its capital stock. The
capital of the First National of Uniontown is $Ioo,ooo.
Its surplus is $I,I00,000. The percentage of excess is
I,I00. The nearest metropolitan bank to the Uniontown institution is the famous and powerful Chase National of New York City, which is eighth on the national
bank honor roll, with a percentage of excess of 578.2 I.Fulton Building, one of the finest and best-built buildings in Pittsburgh or the country, and completed in I906.
Also large oval dome skylights on the Dollar Savings
Bank in Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh.  Another contract
executed was for the automatic closing, double-hung and
pivoted sheet-metal windows, frames and sash in the
seven-story steel and brick fire-proof building of the
Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co. at East
Pittsburgh, built this year.  It also furnished similar
windows in the fire walls of the Reymer Candy Factory, just completed in Forbes Street, one of the largest
and best equipped in existence. The company also made
the windows in the Westinghouse Air Brake Company's
new building at Wilmerding.  Some of the recent contracts were: Pittsburgh Gage  Supply Co., HartleyRose Belting Company, Pittsburgh Valve Foundry 
Construction Co., Craig Buildings, Annex Hotel, Presbyterian Hospital, and Niemnan residence.
The Allegheny Cornice  Skylight Co. may be quoted
as saying in regard to its business and the future of
Pittsburgh as follows:  "The architectural sheet-metal
business has a large field before it throughout the entire
world. Fire-proof metal windows are only yet in their
infancy, and the outlook in Pittsburgh and all the cities
of America is exceptionally good."
The company is capitalized at $Ioo,ooo and financially
able to handle contracts of any size. The members are
F. J. McClaskey, president and general manager; W. C.
McClaskey, vice-president; Henry McKnight, treasurer;
J. A. Hendrickson, secretary.
THOMAS W. IRWIN MANUFACTURING
COMPANY -Brightly lighted railroad terminals and
factories all over the country and abroad attest the value
of and admiration for another Pittsburgh product-skylights. The Thomas W. Irwin Manufacturing Company,
a corporation capitalized at $Ioo,ooo and occupying a
large factory at Craig and Rebecca Streets, Northside,
makes the largest skylights in use, besides doing an extensive business in sheet-metal architectural work. Much
of the company's success is due to Mr. Irwin's inventions in 1netal skylight work, while the company is noted
for its high grade of workmanship and guarantee of the
highest standard in material and construction.
The company was established in I872, at that time
employing but eight men. The working force now numbers 125.  Since that time the company has manufactured and put into use over 5,000,000 square feet of metal
skylighting.
One of the biggest contracts ever executed by the
company is the equipping of the Carnegie Institute buildings with skylights, over I43,ooo square feet of skyTYPES OF WORK, DONE BY ALLEGHENY CORNICE  SKYLIGHT CO-MPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    2 89
lighting alone being in use on those structures. An almost
similar amount was made for the factories of the Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co. at East Pittsburgh. The P.  L. E. railroad trainshed is another
example of the company's work, besides innumerable
others.
Thomas W. Irwin is president of the company; C. E.
Laudenberger, vice-president; C. C. Irwin, secretarytreasurer, and R. M. Pursch, shop foreman.
S. KEIGHLEY METAL CEILING  MANUFACTURING CO.-The manufacture of metal ceilings
and side walls, skylights, sheet-metal cornices, fire-proof
sheet-metal window-frames, metal lockers, shelving and
boxes, meets an ever increasing demand occasioned by
fire-proof structural work in buildings.
The S. Keighley Metal Ceiling  Manufacturing Co.
has its main office at 8I9 Locust Street, Pittsburgh; its
four branches are at 1335 F Street, N. W., Washington,
D. C., at I5 W. German Street, Baltimore, Md., at 56o
Wythe Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., and at 514 Atlantic
Avenue, Boston, Mass. Its factory is at Follansbee, West
Virginia. It employs about I50 men.
Its products, which are largely used on government
buildings, are shipped to all parts of the country, and
as far away as India. One of the largest contracts was
for copper window frames in the $2,ooo,ooo Baltimore
and Ohio office building at Baltimore. They are also
used in the Union National Bank and Century Building.
The company is sole manufacturer of lock-joint ceilings known as "Moore's Lock-Joint Ceiling." The
characteristic is that all the joints of the ceiling are
locked together preventing dust and soot. The fire-proof
window-f rames have similar and added merits.
The company was established in I88I by S. Keighley.
The members are S. Keighley, president; R. A. Troop,
vice-president; W. T. Troop, secretary and treasurer.
BRICK AND FIRE-BRICK
IT IS A PROSPEROUS BUSINESS THAT FINDS ITSELF PUSHED TO
MEET THE DEMAND
Plants cramped for room and unable to fill orders fast
enough is a chronic condition in one of the more prosperous of all Pittsburgh industries, that of brickmaking.
This, too, in face of the fact that steel construction and
reinforced concrete have superseded the old-time brick
construction in innumerable high and important buildings.
Where the brickmaker has been crowded out of the high
building-and he has been by no means crowded out entirely- he has recovered by the demand f or brick buildings where the wooden structure used to predominate.
In addition brick has found new uses, while fire-brick is a
very important staple, especially in Pittsburgh's mills,
plants and f actories, and more brick is being made to-day
than ever bef ore.
THE KIER FIRE BRICK COMPANY-Prominent among the older business firms of Pittsburgh is the
Kier Fire Brick Company, which, under various titles,
has been doing a successful business in the same line for
more than half a century. It was first established in
1845.
After a successful career from 1845 to about I87I,
S. M. Kier, the founder, was succeeded by his three sons,
W. L. Kier, T. C. Kier and H. E. Kier, under the firm
name of Kier Bros. W. L. Kier purchased the interest
of H. E. Kier in I899, and that of the T. C. Kier estate
in I900, and conducted the business under the old firm
name until he incorporated it under the laws of Pennsylvania as the Kier Fire Brick Company. He was
president of the corporation until his death in I905.
The officers of the present company are: S. M. Kier,
president; P. S. Kier, treasurer, and J. T. Boyd, secretary. The company is capitalized at $6o,ooo, and employs I50 men. Its main office is in Pittsburgh, and its
works at Salina, Pa.
The success of this concern, which has been directed
and controlled by the same family for so many years, is
an apt illustration of the rewards which are bound to
flow from industry, integrity and that wise business management which gives attention to details as well as to
the larger interests of a concern. The name of Kier in
the fire-brick and tile trade is a synonym for everything
that is excellent.
SANKEY BROTHERS-Success of a kind that is
particularly the Pittsburgh brand is that accomplished by
Sankey Brothers, without whose brick works any story
of the Southside would be incomplete. The concern is
a growth of two generations of Sankeys born and reared
in Pittsburgh. Sankey Brothers' workmen are Pittsburghers, the firm's material is a Pittsburgh product,
and many Pittsburgh buildings and homes attest the
enduring quality and painstaking workmanship in the
Sankey brick.
The Sankey bricks are made of  callous stone or shale
drawn from the Southside hills. Bricks made of stone
may not impress a person as odd until this information
is supplemented by the statement that bricks-the common red brick of commerce-are made usually of a particular grade of clay. In Pittsburgh stone is pounded
fine, "pugged" into mud, then pressed or cut into the
familiar oblong brick.
The Sankey brick is famous throughout the Pittsburgh district, and it is due to the Sankey Brothers that
the Southside hills were first utilized for brick-making
purposes.
"I guess making brick of shale first was suggested
when people down the Ohio River began to make brick
of fire-clay," Frank W. Sankey, secretary-treasurer of
the company, said in telling of the company's progress
for "The Story of Pittsburgh." He added: "It wouldbe possible to remove Pittsburgh's famous Hump and
make brick of it, though of course it would take time."
One of Pittsburgh's pioneer industries, the Sankey
brick business, was established in I86I by William, John
and Thomnas Sankey, the first-named of which trio still
is living.
The elder Sankey likes nothing better than to gaze
at the up-to-,date plants now bearing his name and recall
the way bricks were turned out in the old days, Then
brick-making consisted in mixing a puddle of mud, much
as a child now does on a rainy day, and molding a brick
by hand. Nowadays in the Sankey plants one machine
molds and cuts sixteen bricks in a fraction of a second.
Behind this improved machinery and the Sankey employ
are Ioo skilled workinen, and behind these are men thoroughlly trained in brick-mnaking. The firmn is controlled
entirely by the family, and each adult male member
knows the brick-making proposition frotm the ground up.
Under these ideal conditions the business has grown
constantly greater and
greater.
How Sankev Brothers have prospered is
better illustrated by the
fact that the  modest
plant of pioneer days
has given way to a large
general office, at 2I I2
Carson Street, ancld three
plants, one at the head
of Twenty-first Street,
Southside, another at
Penn and Atlantic Avenues, East End, and a
third at Thirty-seventh
Street and Liberty
Avenue, Lawrenceville.
Here the manufacture of bricks makes the proverbial
rapid-growing nmushroom  look like a century plant.
Bricks spring into shape magically in all forms and
shape, from  ornamental, pressed and select stock for
building purposes to paving and gutter brick. Plain or
ornamental, every modern idea of architectural effect is
catered to with great success. This. is the era of progress,
and the business of Sankey Brothers is to meet every demand promptly and successfully.
Sankey Brothers is a corporation capitalized at $Ioo,ooo, with the privilege of increasing this to $200,000,
and the officers are:  President, W. E. Sankey; VicePresident, Edward W. Sankey; Secretary-Treasurer,
Frank W. Sankey; Manager, Walter M. Sankey. Members of the firm: John F. Sankey, Thomas H. Sankey
and Thomas M. Sankey. The Sankey family is one of
the best known on the Southside, where it has been part
of the growth of that hustling section of Greater Pittsburgh for the past fifty years or more.
LUMBER
DATING BACK TWENTY YEARS PITTSBURGH'S GROWTH AS A
LUMBER CENTER IS PHENOMENAL
Pittsburgh's growth as a lumber center has been
phenomenal in the last twenty years, the trade growing
from a few concerns doing little or no business to fifty
firms doing a business of $5,000,000 a year. Pittsburgh
lumber dealers, it is estimated, contracted for $4,000,000
worth of lumber during I907, and to-day Pittsburgh is
greater as a lumber center than Toledo, Sandusky, Cleveland and Buffalo, all big lumber centers, combined. A
number of local companies not only deal in lumber for
trading purposes, but are manufacturers in wood lines,
and the annual business of these is placed at 300o000,000
to 400,000,000 feet of finished material.
E. V. BABCOCK  CO.-E. V. Babcock  Co. is
one of a coterie of lumber firms operating in different
sections of the United
States, owned and controlled by four brothers: E. V. Babcock, F.
R. Babcock, O. H. Babcock and C. L. Babcock.
Upo n a conservative
basis it can be said that
the various holdings of
the several firms represent a net cash value of
considerable over the
sum of $5,000,000.
The Pittsburgh firm,
E. V. Babcock  Co., is
the parent concern.  It
was organized seventeen
years ago and is comnposed of E. V. Babcock and F. R. Babcock.
In I897 the brothers bought a large timber tract at
Ashtola, Somerset County, Pa., and formed a new and
separate corporation uncler the name of the Babcock
Lumber Company, with E. V. Babcock as president, F.
R. Babcock, secretary and treasurer, 0. H. Babcock and
C. L. Babcock, directors. This company manufactures
65,000,000 feet of lumber annually.
In the spring of Io90 E. V. Babcock - Co. purchased
large timber tracts in the southwestern part of Georgia
at a place now known as Babcock, Georgia, and a new
organization came into existence under the name of
Babcock Brothers Lumber Company, of which F. R.
Babcock is president, E. V. Babcock is secretary and
treasurer, and 0. H. Babcock is vice-president.  That
company built what is recognized as one of the finest
lumber towns in the South.
Recently a new firm was created known as Babcock
Brothers, which has secured a controlling interest in anT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    29I
Honduras Company, and the Commercial Sash  Door
Co., Mr. Gillespie is connected with a number of other
important enterprises. His office in Pittsburgh is with
the D. L. Gillespie Lumber Company at 541 Wood
Street.
On October 25, I885, he was married to Miss Anna
R. Darlington in Wilmington, Delaware.
Politically David L. Gillespie always has been accounted a Republican.
The Pittsburgh clubs to which he belongs are the
Americus and Duquesne.
To one possessing ability such as he has demonstrated the highway to greater success will continue to
be an open road.
KENDALL LUMBER COMPANY-The Yough
Manor Lumber Company, organized in I90I, took over
the Preston Lumber  Coal Co. of Oakland, Maryland,
in I905, and, subsequently, both were merged into the
Kendall Lumber Company of Pittsburgh, thus forming
one of the strongest concerns in the trade.
The officers of this company, whose names are a
guarantee of good faith in all dealings, are:  J. L.
Kendall, president; S. A. Kendall, vice-president; J.H.
Henderson, secretary; J. C. Kendall, treasurer, and W.
F. Schatz, auditor. The Messrs. Kendall belong to the
well known Somerset County family of that namne, and
are noted for their business enterprise.  The president
has been in the lumber business for twenty-five years, and
the vice-president for seventeen years. The latter served
as a superintendent of schools in Iowa, and as a member
of the legislature in Pennsylvania. The treasurer was
the efficient superintendent of schools in Homestead for
twenty years and resigned to join this company. The
other officials are experts in their lines.
The Kendall Lumber Company has mills at Kendall
and Crellin, Md., and employs 600 men, its trade covering large portions of Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio
and Pennsylvania. Speaking of the future of Pittsburgh
relative to the trade, a member of the firm said:
"A ship canal would relieve the congested freight
situation and develop the district. Pittsburgh is one of
the best lumber markets in the United States, while its
business and banking interests are surprisingly large."
The offices of the company are in the House Building.
SCHULZE  EMANUEL-When a firm has been
in business for over half a century as Schulze  Emanuel
has been, its integrity and reliability need not be vouched
for, neither are they questioned in the least particular.
To have weathered the storms of fifty odd years in a
business that is always first to f eel any depression or
stringency in the money markets of the country that
of building and hardwood lumber and mill work-has
required an amount of business ability.
The company was established by John Nanz in I865,
immense piece of timber of 86,ooo acres in Tennessee.
This tract consists of the finest hardwood, and when the
firm begins active and full operations will yield some of
the best lumber in the country.
The Pittsburgh offices are in the Frick Building, and
their branch sales offices are located in Boston, Mass.;
Johnstown, Pa.; Babcock, Ga., and Ashtola, Pa.
THE E. M. DIEBOLD LUMBER COMPANYTo supply greater Pittsburgh with lumber, by wholesale,
the E. M. Diebold Company is well prepared.
In the "East End," on Brushton Avenue, adjacent to
the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks, is located the company's great timber repository.  In area this storage
yard is over 70,000 square feet, and stored there, usually,
are upwards of 5,ooo,ooo feet of lumber. Especial
facilities for shipping enable the company to deliver
lumber by the carload advantageously.
Comprised in the stock constantly carried by the E.
M. Diebold Lumber Company are practically every form
and variety of lumber known to the trade. From West
Virginia and Wisconsin, and from distant Washington
and Oregon a considerable portion of the company's
supply is drawn.
In addition to its large trade in lumber, the company
makes a specialty of mill work. The variety which its
lumber yards afford, joined to the mill output, makes it
practicable to obtain from the E. M. Diebold Company
about everything of wood that builders utilize or desire.
The general office of the E. M. Diebold Lumber
Company is at 6024 Penn Avenue; an important branch
office has been established in Wilkinsburg; in various
respects the company is very favorably situated for the
transaction of its business. Of the company that bears
his name E. M. Diebold is the president and prime mover.
With its strong connection and extensive trade, with
its ample facilities and increasing prestige, with all of
greater Pittsburgh as its base of operations the E. M.
Diebold Lumber Company occupies a splendid position.
DAVID L. GILLESPIE-He who is the architect
of his own fortune the better appreciates the excellent
things that are his. Of Pittsburghers who have risen,
unaided, from adversity to affluence, not the least conspicuous is David L. Gillespie.
Born in Pittsburgh on October 20, I 858, so soon
as he was old enough to go, he was sent to the public
schools. At the age of 13 he began to work as a telegraph messenger boy; two years later he entered the employ of Lewis, Oliver  Phillips. With that well known
firm he continued until he was prepared to embark in
business on his own account. In 1887 he organized the
D. L. Gillespie Lumber Company, of which he is the
senior partner. Achieving success in this undertaking,
he extended his interests. Besides being identified with
the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, the Pittsburgh292  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
a critical time f or the exploitation of a new concern.
He retired many years ago, and was succeeded by Oscar
Schulze and Andrew Emanuel. The yard at that time
was very small, the business yet in its inf ancy. These
two young men made the concern until it now is one
of the largest yards and carries the largest stock of any
in this territory.
The hardwood and fancy cabinet wood business has
always been a distinctive feature of the firm, and the
large stock of these commodities carried permanently,
together with the fact that the materials sold have always been just as represented have caused a steady and
growing demand for these articles.
Andrew Emanuel died in 1903, at which time his
interests were bought out by Mr. Schulze, who is now
sole owner. The offices are located at 608-622 Third
Street, and 607-62I North Avenue, Allegheny, and their
yards are at Madison Avenue, Gang Avenue and Ravine
Street, Allegheny.
CEMENT
THE MODERN USES OF CEMENT ARE FAST REVOLUTIONIZING
TH E BUILDING TRADE
The coming era in the building world looms largely
with the outlook of an increased use of cement in numerous ways. Experience has demonstrated its value in
so many different uses that there is hardly a branch of
building or construction that does not use it in large
quantities for various purposes. It has been often tried
and has invariably proven its value, even to the modern
idea of the reinforced concrete house that has been enthusiastically adopted in all sections of the country, and
strikingly illustrates utility linked to economy. Edison's
$1,000 house will soon be a common occurrence.
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANYThis company owns and operates four large plants for
the manufacture of portland cement, and has a total annual output of about five million barrels. The industry
was established in I89I, when the cement industry was
in its inf ancy. As this line of business has grown, so
has the business of this company, until now it ranks as
one of the leading cement producers of the United States.
The concern manufactures and markets but one grade
of cement, which is known to the trade as Alpha, and
is what is known to the trade as a strictly straight Portland grade.
The officers of the company are William M. McKelvey, president; A. F. Gerstell, vice-president: G. S.
Brown, secretary and treasurer, and F. G. McKelvey,
assistant secretary.  The general offices are located at
Easton, Pa., within easy reach of all the plants.
Branch offices are maintained in the following cities,
which, it will be noted, are the centers of the largest
cement-using sections of the country: New York City,
Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore, Buffalo and
Pittsburgh.
Two of the plants of the company are located at
Alpha, N. J., about seventy miles west of New York
City, while the other two are situated at Martin's Creek,
Pa., about eighty miles west of New York. The company makes the claim that there is no cement manufacturing company in the East having the excellent railroad
and shipping facilities that this concern has, the Alpha,
N. J., plants being located on the main line of the Lehigh
Valley Railroad; and the Martin's Creek plants on the
Pennsylvania Railroad, the Delaware, Lackawanna 
Western Railroad, and the Lehigh  New England Railroad. These connections place the company in position
to give the very best service to any part of the country
in the way of prompt shipments, as well as to reach all
points at the lowest possible freight rates.
The immense limestone quarries of the company are
located in what is known as the Lehigh Valley Cement
Belt, the analysis of the stone showing that it is of the
finest composition in that belt. The deposits run very
uniform in quality, in fact more so than is usually the
case, and it is on the strength of this that it is claimed
that the cement is so generally uniform and shows many
indications of superiority.
An ironclad guarantee is given with every barrel of
cement sold, which has caused the product to be given
the excellent reputation it has held for over sixteen years.
Atlas cement has been used in some of the largest contracts in the country, not only in the construction of
concrete and reinforced concrete buildings, but in some
of the heaviest railroad work that has been attempted in
this part of the country.
The Pittsburgh office of the company is located in
the German National Bank Building, and is in charge of
Mr. H. N. Van Voorhis, who has succeeded in capturing
some of the largest cement contracts that have ever been
awarded from this city. Among these were the entire
requirements of Portland cement for the Hostetter Building, the Commonwealth Trust Company Building, the
Union National Bank Building, and the Keenan Building, as well as many other well known structures.
GLASS SAND
A BUSINESS BUILT ON MERIT, AND WHICH IS GROWING
STRONGER EVERY DAY
Glass-making in Pittsburgh owes no small part of its
present great fame to the quality of glass sand, a thing
which enters very largely into glass-making, that manufacturers have been unable to secure. The securing of a
proper grade of sand for glass purposes has been made
a study of years by Pittsburghers who furnish it. No
expense has been spared in getting the best. The result
has been the building up of a prosperous business, a business built on merit, and which is growing every day.PENNSYLVANIA GLASS SAND COMPANYOne of the most potent influences in helping to perpetuate the ancient art of glass-mnaking is the Pennsylvania Glass Sand Company with offices in the Fidelity
Title  Trust Co.'s Building in Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh.  This is because the colmpany named furnishes
the most essential material in the mnanufacture of glass
to factories all over the eastern half of the country.
When the barefooted boy plays in the sand-pile with
such rare delight he does not realize that every grain of
sand is but so much glass. But when he becomes older
he learns the story of sand and its uses, and the important
part it plays in the interesting history of glass-making.
The manufacture of glass was known to the Egyptians at a very early date. Totnbs of the fourth and fifth
dynasties, 4,000 B. C., show glass-blowers at work,
and glazed pottery in the fortn of beads occurs in prehistoric times, though true glass first appears later in
the  formn  of
opaque paste, and,
finally, as transparent glass.
The oldest example  of  darkblue glass is a
pendant found at
Naqada, wh i c h
see1ns  to  date
from the seventh
dynasty,  though
no o t h e r speci1mens of this manufacture are
known before the
eighteenth. T h e
fullest  information as to the
processes and materials used by the Egyptians is furnished  by  the  discovery  of a glass-works of  the
eighteenth dynasty.  Here were found  fritting pans,
in which the first melting of the substances took place,
and also many imperfectly fused frits.  The ingredients
used were silica, lime, alkalies and copper carbonate, but
the exact proportions needed to secure a given color do
not seem to have been known, and the exact tint produced
must have been largely a matter of chance.  They did
know, however, that river sand, from  the presence of
iron, gave a green tinge, and to avoid this used crushed
quartz pebbles.
Tyre and Sidon were celebrated for their glass. Pliny
locates its invention at the mouth of a river in Phlenicia.
His story is that the crew of a' ship laden with niter
landed at this point, and when preparing to cook their
food found no stones on which to rest the kettle. They
therefore used lumps of niter from the ship, and as these
were fused with the fine sand a stream  of liquid glass
flowed out. So, like many other discoveries, it all came
about by an accident pure and silnple.
Glassmakers came to Jamestown, Va., in I6o8, the
year after the colony was founded, but they received
little encouragement, and the craze for tobacco seems to
have side-tracked the 1nore important industry of glassmaking in the Old Dominion for generations.  In I787
the Massachusetts legislature gave to a company an exclusive privilege for fifteen years for glass-making in
that colony. In I796 the first glass-works in Pittsburgh
was established at the base of Coal Hill, now Mt. Washington, near the southside approach to the Point Bridge,
and Pittsburgh has been the center of the glass industry
in the United States ever since. This industry to-clay is
only less important than iron and coal in the Pittsburgh
territory.
The Pennsylvania Glass Sand Company is a corporation established in 1899, which does an extensive business in furnishing
s a n d-rock silica
for the manufacture of glass of
all kinds, and for
potteries.  It has
extensive   works
at Lewistown,
Pa., and employs
about 5oo men.
Its capital is $2,ooo)ooo. Its product is sold an:l
shipped  to all
parts of the United States east of
t h e  Mississippi
River a n d Canada.  The sales
office is No. 35 Fidelity Building, Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh; E. J. Cochran, manager.
Mr. Cochran is thoroughly famniliar with all details
of the business and has established a large trade for his
comnpany among the glass mnanufacturers of the Pittsburgh district. The materials furnished under his contracts are always found up to the standard in quality,
and shipments are always promptly mnade, the only delay
in delivery ever known being on account of temporary
freight congestion over which the sales manager and
company could have no control.
SAND
WHAT PICTURE OF PITTSBURGH RIVER TRAFFIC WOULD BE
COMPLETE WITHOUT A SAND BARGE?
The sand industry has been part of Pittsburgh as
long as the oldest native can remember, and it is one
which has grown mightily. Nowadays giant scoops lift
PLANT OF PENNSYLVANIA GLASS SAND COMPANY294  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G. H
a ton of sand at a time out of a barge and drop it into
repositories on shore, underneath which stand wagons
ready to be loaded and deliver the cargo. Sand is entering into commercial use more than ever before, and the
demand is growing with the increased demand everywhere for products into which sand enters.
IRON CITY SAND COMPANY-This company
was established some sixteen years ago for the purpose
of dealing in sand and gravel used for building purposes
and in street paving.  Its officers are:  P. M. Pfeil,
president; A. L. Wallace, vice-president; C. H. Stolzenbach, secretary and treasurer; John R. Clark, director,
and Jacob Minsinger, director.  The officers are also
directors. The company has $500,000 capital, and employs about 150 men as well as teams, boats, floats, yards,
etc.
The general offices of the Iron City Sand Company
are at 307 Westinghouse Building, Pittsburgh; Southside
department at the foot of South Twenty-second Street,
Pittsburgh; central department at foot of Fifth Street,
Pittsburgh, and Northside departments at foot of Darrah
Street and foot of Locust Street, Allegheny.
This company is a consolidation of four others,
namely, Stolzenbach  Pfeil, the Star Sand Company,
the Vigilant Sand Company, and the Monongahela Sand
Company. The sand and gravel are dredged in the
Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio Rivers and washed,
screened and delivered by wagons and by rail to points
locally and within a radius of fifty miles of Pittsburgh.
The total deliveries for last year amounted to I9,000,ooo bushles, or 950,000 tons.
P. M. Pfeil, who has been president of the company
since its organization, was born in Germany, but emigrated to Pittsburgh, Southside, when quite young, and
got a common-school education. He then entered into
the teaming business, and f rom that into the sand business. He resides at the corner of Northumberland Street
and Shady Avenue, Twenty-second ward, city.
A. L. Wallace, vice-president, was born and raised
on the Southside and went to the common schools and
entered the employ of the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co.
when quite small, with whom he was employed for twenty
odd years. In I892 he entered the employ of the Iron
City Sand Company as bookkeeper, and in addition to
his office as vice-president still holds that position.
C. H. Stolzenbach, secretary and treasurer, was born
and raised on the Southside and had a common-school
education, and succeeded his father, C. J. Stolzenbach,
who was the senior member of the firm of Stolzenbach
 Pfeil. He resides at I40 South 140 South Fairmount Avenue,
Twentieth ward, Pittsburgh, Pa.
John R. Clark, director, was born and raised in Allegheny City, and in early days used to screen sand by
hand on the bars of the Allegheny River, after which he
was one of the organizers of the Star Sand Company,
which was absorbed by the Iron City Sand Company.
He resides on Termon Avenue, Allegheny, Pa.
Jacob Minsinger, director, was born and raised in
the Thirty-second ward. He received a common-school
education. He was one of the incorporators of the Star
Sand Company. He is the senior member of The Minsinger Company, which so successfully carries on a general contract business.
RODGERS SAND COMPANY-This company,
with offices at 32I Water Street, Pittsburgh, is the largest
concern of the kind in Greater Pittsburgh.  It does a
very extensive general business as dealer and shipper of
all kinds of sand and gravel for contractors, builders and
others, and for this purpose employs many men, teams,
boats, machinery, etc., requiring a heavy investment of
capital. Its capital is $350,ooo, and its employees number about four hundred.
The Rodgers Sand Company has introduced modern
and systematic methods in the handling of sand and
gravel on an extensive scale. Its vast business could not
be done in the old-fashioned way, and, besides, the
greatly increased demand for concrete as a building material makes it necessary to use up-to-date machinery and
methods. The company owns its steamers and dredges
besides a number of other craft, landings, floats and
yards for the proper handling of the material.  The
steamers and dredges are the "Margaret,"Charlotte,"
"Rebecca," "Harriet," "Alice" and "Flora."
The Rodgers Sand Company was established in I900.
W. B. Rodgers is president; J. H. Rodgers, treasurer,
and W. B. Rodgers, Jr., secretary. The president is the
well-known river man Capt. W. B. Rodgers, prominent
in the Coal Exchange and Chamber of Commerce. The
other officials are his sons.
THE BUCKEYE SAND COMPANY-G. A. Wilson, president; S. A. Carson, secretary, and M. S. Moore,
treasurer-is miner and shipper of Conneaut, Vincent,
Bellaire, Tuscarawas and Zanesville moulding sand.
Their main office is in the Wabash Building, Pittsburgh,
with branch offices in Cleveland, Buffalo and Detroit.
It handles only the standard quartz, and as moulding sand
is used in all foundries of the rapidly growing Pittsburgh
industries, a steadily increasing demand is sure to grow
year by year.
The company started in a small way in 1903; last
year (I906) it shipped I,9oo cars, and expects this year
to ship 2,300 cars. It ships as far as Greensburg in the
East, and as far West as Chicago; also in Canada, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and New York State. It is the largest independent operator in the United States.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1
SUPPLIES MINE,  MILL, ELECTRICAL
Probably Over Ninety Per Cent. of Mine and Mill
Supplies Made in Pittsburgh-An Investment Running
Into Millions Necessary to Handle the Immense Trade
ITTSBURGH'S fame as a workshop is divided
into so many classifications that instances of
enormous individual activities are somewhat
dwarfed through being only part of the big
things that are done in a locality where big accomplishments are commonplace. Beer made Milwaukee famous;
Buffalo is famous for its great lake shipping; yet an
industry in Pittsburgh favorably comparing with either
one of these is but one of the innumerable giant lines
of endeavor which make Pittsburgh industrial triumphs
read like a latter-day fairy tale. The supply business in
the Pittsburgh district, or that part of it embracing
plumbing, electrical and kindred supplies for the workshop, building or home, is an industry with a yearly volume of business totalling $50,ooo,ooo and giving employment to close to 20,000 workingmen.
This great business is aside from the installation of
power machinery and building operations, and only infrequently includes furnishing the workmen to put in
the equipment. In short, it is the business done over the
counter or through the mails by concerns manufacturing
the articles or acting as agents.
Expansive storehouses and great salesrooms are
needed to handle the orders in the Pittsburgh district,
but the industry extends far beyond the area of home
consumption. Pittsburgh is the enameled iron and sewer
pipe center of the world. Probably go per cent. of the
mine and mill supplies used here are made here. Everything imaginable in the electrical supply line, from a roll
of insulation tape to pretentious and expensive light chandeliers, are made in this vicinity.
While Pittsburgh supplies about everything that is
part of a hotel or a restaurant, excepting the food, it
crowds about as close to the latter as could be expected
of an industrial center, for culinary and sanitary equipment is one of the things in which Pittsburgh is a world's
base. Bath tubs and plumbing fixtures made here adorn
the homes of kings, besides bobbing up serenely wherever the globe-trotting Pittsburgher happens to set his
legs, whether in the famous old cities of Europe or in
Africa, South America or the far East. It might also
be said that the world's food is cooked by Pittsburgh, and
that Pittsburgh frappes the globe, for the most up-to-date
ideas in culinary machinery are produced in the region
of the Smoky City, while its ice-boxes and refrigerating
specialties generally are a world-tried and approved
product.
Some of the places equipped with sanitary specialties
made in Pittsburgh are the Grand Hotel, St. Moritz,
Switzerland; Buckingham Palace ( residence of King
Edward), London, England; American Club, Havana,
Cuba; Chapultepec Castle (residence of President Diaz),
Mexico; Journal De Commercio Building, Rio Janeiro,
Brazil; Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay, India; Titchfield Hotel, Port Antonio, Jamaica.
The supply industry, besides giving work to a great
army of Pittsburghers, has been still another source of
tangible benefit to the great city. A property investment
running into millions of dollars has been necessary to
handle the immense trade. The principal warehouses
and stores are within the limits of Greater Pittsburgh
and thereby form a considerable element in the city's
property  valuation.  Some of these concerns occupy
buildings fronting upon a full city block, and the daily
shipmnents by water and rail are a big item in the city's
tonnage.  Railroads centering  in  or passing through
Pittsburgh have fullsome reasons to be thankful for the
great growth of the supply business and the manner in
295which it has been distributed over a wide area. Whole
carloads of supplies billed to nearby industrial centers
in eastern Ohio and West Virginia form a steady and
ever-increasing freight movement of great dimensions.
PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES
A LOCAL BUSINESS THAT HAS GROWN IN TWENTY YEARS TO
SPLENDID PROPORTIONS
Nowhere has the wand of industrial progress been
more liberally applied than in the manufacture of plumbing and kindred supplies and in the methods of dealers
handling these products. The plumbing
s u p p 1 y business in
Pittsburgh alone has
grown  in twenty
years f r o m practically nothing to a
c a 11 i n g supporting
400 plumbing establishments and twenty
plumbing  supply
houses. It will be a
revelation to the outsider to know that 50
per cent. of what
used to be a job of
plumbing now comes
f rom  the factory
complete and ready
to be put in place.
On the wings of
these  improvements
has come that boon
to health, open
plumbing. Each new
step has s e rv e d to
make the supply
house more important, an importance
only secondary to
that of the manufacturer of building supplies in its various branches.
Whole bathrooms, with every necessary detail of
equipment, are a made-to-order proposition of to-day,
whereas a few years ago this complete outfit divided
among a number of industries, and its making and putting
together involved loss of much valuable time. What is
true of the bathroom is true of kindred equipment. Today the "wiped" joint, the ability to execute which heretofore denoted the good plumber, is being superseded
about as rapidly as the horse is being superseded by the
automobile.
Nickel-plated piping and enameled iron have revolutionized the plumbing supply business.
BAILEY-FARRELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY-This well known and very highly successful
company and its predecessors were the pioneers in the
plumbing supply business in the United States. This company was founded by Geo. Bailey, who conducted a plumbing business at I29 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, now 407.
Upon the death of Geo. Bailey the business was carried
on by his son, Henry J. Bailey, who assumed charge at
the age of eighteen. After conducting the business for a
few months he formed a partnership with John Farrell
under the name of Bailey-Farrell  Co. in I858, and
continued business at I29 Fourth Avenue. This busi1 __ 11   _1_
ness  gracLually  cteveloped  into  t he
handling  of plumbing supplies. In the
year I865 so greatly
had the business of
the company expanded it was found necessary to secure larger quarters, and the
property at 6I9 and
62I Smithfield Street
was purchased,
where a suitable
building for the needs
of the company was
erected, and the company began the manufacture of lead pipe,
sheet lead, plumbers',
steam fitters' and engine builders' b r a s s
work, which business
was successfully continued E n t i 1  90o6,
when the manufacturing plant was sold
and the company retired from the manufacturing field, devoting its attention to
its larger jobbing business. In the year I878 the company entered the shot-manufacturing field and erected
a shot tower in the rear of 6I9 Smithfield Street. The
shot works was afterwards sold to the American Shot 
Lead Co., of which Mr. Farrell was organizer and first
president.
In I89I the company was incorporated and the name
changed to Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing Company with
the following officers: President, John Farrell; VicePresident, Geo. H. Bailey; Treasurer, Henry J. Bailey;
Secretary, J. A. Kelly.
A fine showroom was added for the exhibition of
plumbing and sanitary goods and other articles of this
BAILEY-FARRELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY BUILDINGT II E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H   297
but by the greater care exercised by employers, and especially by the wonderful improvement in all kinds of
plumbing supplies as turned out by the manufacturer.
While formerly death lurked in the poor plumbing about
the average house because the builder thought anything
would do, and the cheaper the better f or him, now all
this is changed and the contracting plumber does not
dare to use anything but good material and employ the
most skilled workmen. While little of the plumbing
work is seen, it has become more important to both the
landlord and the tenant than the mere finish and decorative features of the house.
The manufacturers deserve much credit for this improved condition by turning out better supplies, but
plumbers themselves have improved their qualifications
since they have to possess a license, or a certificate of
competency before they can do business. Only recently
fifty-two applicants for master plumbers' license were
examined in common council chamber by the municipal
board, which has charge of the granting of the licenses.
The board consists of Dr. J. F. Edwards, superittendent
of the Bureau of Health, president; Isaac R. Carver,
chief plumbing inspector; John M. Addy and Ed. F.
Welsh. The examination was conducted under an ordinance recently.passed by councils and approved by the
Mayor requiring all plumbers operating in Pittsburgh
to pass an examination as to their qualifications.
The Duquesne Sanitary Company, whose members
believe in the utmost progressiveness in the field, was
established June I, I9OI, for the manufacture of general plumbing supplies at 424-426 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh. It is incorporated with a capitalization of $IOO,ooo, of which $6I,OOO has been paid in. George H.
Albertson is president, Wm. C. Lynn treasurer, and John
E. Fitzgerald secretary and manager.
This company employs only skilled workmen and
turns out only the best goods in the various grades. It
has built up an excellent trade in the six years of its
existence, and this trade is gradually increasing on the
merits of the product alone.
The plumber and the mother-in-law have for many
years been the stock in trade of the so-called witty paragraphers; but owing to the remarkable advancement of
the trade they will soon have to drop the plumber, at
least, as a butt for their feeble-minded witticisms. These
jokesmiths are as crude in their line to-day as the plumber
was in his fifty years ago.
THE FORT PITT SUPPLY COMPANY -In the
erection of private dwellings and public buildings the
plumbing and sanitary fixtures are items of special importance.  Not only as an indispensable accessory of
comfort and cleanliness, but as a preventative of disease,
modern scientific plumbing, which includes lavatories
and the like, is coming constantly into greater use. By
its successful introduction of improved sanitary fixtures,
character. The business of the company grew at a remarkable rate, and the name of Bailey-Farrell Manufactulrino, Company became the synonym for lead ancl brass
goocls. Hydrants, street washers, water regulators,
smoke test machines and lead-burning machines were
also manufactured by the comnpany, and every article
neecled by the plumnber was carried in stock.
In I 902 the growing needs of the company required
additional space, and the property of the corner o-f Third
Avenue and Ross Street, Pittsburgh, was purchased.
Upon this plot a magnificent fire-proof builing eight
stories in height, 72 X 126 f eet, was erected, and is now
occupied by the company housing the various departments. The manuf acturing department comprising the
sheet, lead aid lead-pipe work and brass works were
located at Rankin, Pa., the company having purcharaseda
two and a half acres in that borough. The Rankin
works was equipped with the proved devices for
the speedy and economical manufacture of lead and
brass goods, and shipping facilities were unexcelled.
In I903 important changes were made in the con
pany. Mr. John Farrell and Mr. Henry J. Bailey, respectively president ancl treasurer of the company and
founderw, retired from the management fo the business
disposing of their holdings to Geo. H. Bailey, Robert
Garland and John W. Garland, and new officers and directors succeeded to the management of the business,
namely: Geo. H. Bailey, president; John W. Garland,
vice-president; Robert Garland, treasurer, and Chas G.
Noble, secretary.
Mr. Henry J. Bailey dying eight months afterwardis,
the company then purchased the Mansfield Manufacturing Company, a successful company manufacturing
plumbing supplies in Pittsburgh, which plant it added to
its own.
Mr. Geo. R. Acheson was elected. a director and
general manager, which position he held until his retirement in I906, when he was succeeded by W. B. Bryar.
The Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing Company then decided to retire from the manufacturing field and devote
its energies to its very large jobbing business, disposing
of its Rankin Works to the Acheson Manufacturing
Company. The company feel that their great success is
due to their efficient organization, which they have been
able to bring together, and their modern up-to-date f acilities for expeditious handling of their shipments.
The present board of directors consists of: Geo. H.
Bailey, John W. Garland, W. B. Bryar, Robert Garland,
Chas. G. Noble, Thos. J. Norton and Fred Moore.
DUQUESNE SANITARY COMPANY-It is said
that no feature of the building trades has shown greater
improvement in recent years in the direction of the comfort, convenience and health of the people than that of
sanitary plumbing. This progress has not only been
marked in the increased skill of the workmen themselves,1908
ILLUSTRATED
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY
THE PITTSBURH GAZETTE TIMESJosiah Vankirk Thompson's guiding hand, fine discrimination and keen intellect can be traced in every step
of this wonderful progress. Courteous and kindly himself, he has surrounded himself with men with those
attributes. The smallest depositor is made to feel he is
as important to the bank as the president hIimself. Besides Mr. Thompson sets such an example as an indefatigable worker that those under him are kept going at
a fast pace to make a showing which can be compared
to the president's activities. But they can never hope to
seriously compete with himn as a worker. He will stay
at the bank all night writing letters, leave when the
janitor comes around in the morning, hurry home,
snatch a bite to eat and a little nap and be back again
when the bank opens at 9 o'clock. This, of course, he
does not do day in and day out,
but he does it often enough to
stamp him as a man of wonderful strength  and  recuperative
powers.
His conduct of  the bank
shows better than a book full of
praise could that his success is
not to be associated with frenzied finance or heartless crushing of other people's amnbitions.
A great deal of money is loaned
by the bank purely upon Mr.
Thompson's estimate of the borrower's worth as a man. He is
a keen judge of human nature.
He has made millionaires of
people who have been associated
with him  in business, and has
helped many a Uniontown man
to wealth. In his enormous dealings in coal lands he has let hundreds of friends mnake money
with him.
None has been benefited
more by Mr. Thompson than his associates and employees
in the First National Bank. The officers, many of them
picked up by Mr. Thompson and made successful business
men, are, aside from himself: Vice-president, James M.
Hustead; cashier, Edgar S. Hackney; assistant cashier,
Francis Frank M. Selmans, Jr.; teller, Thomas B. Semans; board of directors, Harvey C. Jeffries, James M.
Hustead, Daniel P. Gibson, William  Hunt, John D.
Ruby, William  M. Thompson, and, of course, J. V.
Thompson.
THE GERMAN NATIONAL BANK-Of all the
strong, conservative, profitably operated banks in Pittsburgh the old reliable "German National" is one of the
best known.
Noted not only for its excellent financial condition,
but also for its initiative, the German National Bank is
credited with having considerably accelerated banking
progress.  Built fifteen years ago, yet to-day one of the
notable edifices of the city, the German National Bank
Building on the corner of Wood Street and Sixth Avenue was the first high-class modern structure for banking purposes erected in Pittsburgh.  Among the earliest
to supply its customners with safe deposit facilities, it has
ever since taken especial care of this popular feature of
its business.  Its safe deposit departmnent is adequate,
strongly protected and entirely up to date.
Making a specialty of the handling of commlnercial
paper, the bank is prepared always to furnish all depositors with such acconmmodations as are consistent with
safe banking. In cheerful compliance with a recent suggestion of the Secretary of tlle
Treasury, tile Geriman National
Bank (one of the first to do so)
is lending appreciated assistance
in the 1atter of supplying to a
larger extent notes of smnaller
denotinations. A large part of
its circulation, $500,000, is now
issued in fives, tens and twenties.
The imnportance of the German National Bank is enhanced
by the fact that it is a United
States depository and the custodian of the reserve funds of
a number of national anid State
banks.  The New  York correspondents of the German National Bank are the National
City Bank, the National Park
Bank and the Phoenix National
Bank, its Philadelphia agent is
the Fourth Street N a t i o n a 1
Bank, and its Chicago connections  are  the First National
Bank and the National Bank of the Republic.
At the time of making its last report, August 22.
Igo7, there was deposited in the German National Bank
$4,260,622.42.  Its surplus fund and undivided profits
amounted to $772,992.98, and its total resources reached
the enorlnous sumi of $6,526,615.40.  The bank pays
with unfailing regularity to its stockholders dividends at
the rate of twelve per cent. From  the inception of the
enterprise in i864 the profits of the Germnan National
Bank up to the present atnount to $2,047,000.
Immense resources may suggest solidity and trustworthiness, but only honor and worth inspire well-mnerited confidence.  A bank that has in addition to great
assets officers and directors of the highest character and
ability is the one that wins for itself the best and most
abiding recognition. Strong financially, the German Na1298  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
Pittsburgh, twenty-seven years ago, Ewing, Mitchell 
Co. opened an inconspicuous shop. Dealing in plumber'
supplies and the like in a small way from the outset, they
were moderately successful.  Built up by the business
accretions of each succeeding year, the establishment,
now incorporated as the Pittsburgh Supply Company,
has thriven and expanded beyond the fondest expectations of its founders. The modest store of yore has
been replaced by a big new modern six-story brick building that extends from Water Street through to First
Avenue.
The Pittsburgh Supply Company handles in immense
quantities all sorts of plumbers', gas and steamfitters',
engineers', machinists', boilermakers' and railroad, mill
and mine tools and supplies. Possessed of ample capital,
able to buy advantageously, and willing always to give
inducements that will secure and hold customers, this
enterprising corporation occupies an enviable place in its
particular field.
The company is incorporated under the laws of the
State of Pennsylvania.  The par value of the capital
stock, $I6o,ooo, now really represents but a fraction of
the actual assets of the company. Naturally such stock
is closely held. No one has a share outside of the five
members of the board of directors. C. F. Holdship is
the president of the company, and Otto F. Felix is secretary and treasurer. The other directors are G. I. Holdship, Wilson King and H. H. King. At present the
company employs 200 men.
Closely identified with the Pittsburgh Supply Company (inasmuch as the officers, directors and stockholders are precisely the same people) is a prosperous and
important concern known as the Equitable Meter Company. Besides being a stock subject for jokes innumerable, the often maligned but nevertheless money-saving
gas meter is busy wherever gas is sold by measurement.
A meter that is accurate and never out of order is always
in demand. By repeated and long-continued tests, by
thousands of satisfied users, it has been demonstrated that
the appliances for measuring gas made by the Equitable
Meter Company are accurate and very reliable. As a
result, meters manufactured by the company are in use
all over the world.
Adapted for different purposes, the meters manufactured by this company vary in size, pattern and capacity,
but all are alike in that they are strong, accurate and
reliable.  Nor do they get out of order easily.  The
Wylie Proportional Station Meter, which the Equitable
Company manufactures, is the largest meter made. It
comes in three sizes: "the I6-inch" has a capacity of
I80,000 cubic feet per hour; "the I2-inch" is rated at
Ioo,ooo, and the "8-inch" at 75,000 cubic feet per hour.
The Equitable Meter is constructed with a cast-iron
case which is tested to a pressure of 30 pounds. It is
simple in construction and all parts are interchangeable.
It has removable diaphragm pockets, making repairs
the Fort Pitt Supply Company has built up a large and
most substantial business.
Specialties of the company are articles made of
vitreous ware. For sanitary fixtures, vitreous ware is
not only more beautiful, but better adapted than any
other material.
Vitreous ware is a fusion of clays, flints and spar.
Carefully selected and mixed, the materials are subjected
to several processes before the article enters the kiln.
Heated to a temperature of 2,3oo degrees and kept in
the kiln until it is so thoroughly fused as to be absolutely non-absorbent, vitreous ware has surprising
strength and great utility. By virtue of the succeed
ing treatment in another kiln it acquires a wonderful
glaze. Capable of being moulded into practically any
shape desired, vitreous ware in a variety of ways admirably answers sanitary requirements. Its immunity
from breakage is shown by its utilization for washstand
legs. Proof against discoloration, unaffected by acids,
easily cleaned, not requiring to be washed by any special
compounds, it always retains its pristine whiteness and
never cracks, scales or deteriorates through use or age.
In all of its new buildings, in Washington and elsewhere, the United States Government now specifies that
the sanitary fixtures shall be of vitreous ware. In the
best appointed of the office buildings recently erected
throughout the country, vitreous ware is used; in the
finely furnished residences where the very best of everything obtains, the lavatories and other sanitary accessories are of vitreous ware.
Considering its excellence, vitreous ware is comparatively low-priced. It costs not nearly so much as marble
does, it is sold for perhaps ten per cent. more than shortlived enameled goods.
Through the handling of vitreous ware the Fort Pitt
Supply Company has secured a far-extended trade. Not
only for a number of just completed office buildings, but
also for various newly built mansions in Pittsburgh, the
Fort Pitt Supply Company was awarded the contracts
for the sanitary fixtures. Not in Pennsylvania alone, but
in neighboring States, the company is adding continually
to the long list of its satisfied customers.
The offices and sales rooms of the Fort Pitt Supply
Company are located at 3I7, 3I9, 328, 330 and 332
Second Avenue, Pittsburgh. Besides its extensive line
of vitreous ware the company does a big business in
plumbers' and steamfitters' supplies.
The officers of the company are: James W. Young,
President; George W. Young, Vice-President, and
Stephen A. Shepard, Secretary and Treasurer.
Established in I898, the Fort Pitt Supply Company
will enter the second decade of its existence with greatly
strengthened prestige and a trade that is well merited.
THE PITTSBURGH SUPPLY COMPANY-Out
of small beginnings sometimes grow great things. IT H E   S, T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G 11  299
easy and inexpensive. The Equitable diaphragm is so
constructed that the wear is distributed over the entire
surface of the leather, increasing the life of the meter.
All parts are made of high-grade material with due
regard for strength and durability. By removing the
top cover of the meter all parts can be reached for repairs or renewal, and the services of an expert mechanic
are not required. Furthermore, it is claimed that the
Equitable can be more easily connected up than any other
meter on the market.
Another specialty of the Equitable Meter Company
is the "Crawford Sensitive Regulator," a patented article much used in connection with incandescent lighting,
linotype machines, gas engines, gas ranges and domestic,
gas service. Special designs of this appliance are also
manufactured for acetylene gas, car lighting, street lamps
and gasoline gas.  In behalf o f the Crawford Sensitive
Regulator it is urged that it can be easily adjusted to desired pressure without shutting off gas. Other features
of mer it are a "valve opening full size of inlet pipes"
and "connections horizontal in line." Evident merit and
a popular price insure large sales. Manufactured by the
Equitable Meter Company also is an improved low-pressure regulator especially designed to be used with natural
gas and Wellsbach lights. This regulator has "no packing boxes to leak or corrode and stick, no valve leakage
and no increase of pressure on the last burner turned off
or the first one lighted."
In addition to the articles previously described, the
Equitable Meter Company makes and sells Crawford
Boiler Regulators, Crawford Street Main Governors,
Meter Provers and U-tube gauges. The company has
225 employees. Its offices are with the Pittsburgh Supply Company at 439-449 Water Street, and 434-444
First Avenue, Pittsburgh.
Affiliated, too, with the Pittsburgh Supply Company,
through the identity of personal interests, is the National
Metal-Molding Company, an extensive manufacturer of
electrical fixtures, which has works both at Hoboken
and Boonton, New Jersey, and offices in the Fulton
Building, Pittsburgh.
Practically these three big well-backed companies, in
a way at least, are outgrowths of the business established by Ewing, Mitchell  Co. in I886. Manufacturers and jobbers like other people have their parlous
times. By periods of depression, dull seasons and business slackenings are determined commercially who are
the fittest to survive. The strong and energetic gain
ground, the weak go to the wall. Every establishment
that lives and grows assists to the extent of its success
the progress of the community.
In the up-building and development of the Pittsburgh
Supply Company there was dearth of exciting incident,
a plethora of careful attention, some luck perhaps, and
a great deal of good hard plugging. In the company's
record there is nothing to startle the poets, but the fact
that the concern has been, ever since its commencement,
successful, suffices. And since the ordinary gas meter
is seldom used as a symbol of truth, it is worth noting
that the veracity and other virtues of the "Equitable"
meter are recognized around the world.
STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING
COMPANY-That old adage that "cleanliness is next
to godliness" is becoming more generally believed every
day. If anyone doubts it and thinks he cannot be convinced of its truth, it would be well for him to walk
wide of any of those identified with the manufacture of
"Standard" goods. That name in quotation marks needs
no explanation other than itself to introduce the world's
greatest manufacturers of bath tubs and other enameled
wares for plumbers, for the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company's products are used in every country
on the globe. This use alone proclaims, more than much
argument could do, the fact that these products are of
the highest quality that skillful workmanship and the
best material can produce. The wares marked "Standard" have the beauty and cleanliness of china, and the
strength of iron, being a perfect unity of iron designs
and porcelain enamel. They are sanitary wares not only
in name, but also in healthy cleanliness made possible by
perfection of designs from faultless material.
That was a happy moment for the world's cleanliness
when the word "Standard" was selected somewhat less
than half a century ago by several Pittsburghers. Because of the manufacturers not allowing a single piece
of ware to go from the factories with a flaw in it,
"Standard" goods have become known by that muchabused term "perfect," and they are being used in hundreds of leading hotels throughout the world, in king's
palaces, and in the moderate home of the average citizen,
in public buildings everywhere, in mercantile, industrial
and railroad office buildings and equipment. Further
than this, the trade-mark "Standard" has become in
actual fact what the word signifies, a standard for others
to copy after. Through half a century the production
of these wares has brought health, cleanliness and happiness into the world's homes, those using the baths obtaining as much pleasure of times as may be had in a
joyous surf plunge at seashore or lakesid.  There is
nothing that pertains materially to the best in sanitary
and other phases of the bath, laundry or kitchen plumbing that has been overlooked, the original manufacture
of bath tubs alone now being extended to a score of
appurtenances to this very essential part of the modern
home or building.
Originally the Standard Manufacturing Company, by
which name the original works on the North Side of
Pittsburgh are still known, the larger and holding company for several others is now best known throughout
the world in the developments of the Standard Sanitary
Manufacturing Company. The latter corporation wasformed in I899. In the general offices, in five factories
and more than a dozen branch offices, stores and showrooms in the world's largest cities are employed 4,500
persons, about one-fourth of this number being engaged
in Pittsburgh alone. The company is capitalized at
$7,500,000, has a volume of business amounting to the
stupendous figures of $I2,000,oo000, and stands as the
largest concern of its kind, by long odds, in the world.
Pittsburgh is noted for its "biggest" enterprises in various ways, but in none is it more supreme than in the
manufacture of baths and plumbers' supplies.
The Standard  Sanitary  Manufacturing  Company
embraces thle following subsidiary concerns:  Standard
Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh; Ahrens  Ott
Manufacturing Co., Louisville, Ky.; Dawes  Myler,
New Brighton, Pa.; Cribben  Sexton Co., Chicago; J.
J. Volrath Manufacturing Company, Sheboygan, Wis.;
Pennsylvania Bath Tub Company, Ellwood  City, Pa.;
Victor Manufacturing Company, Aliquippa, Pa.; Sanitary Enameled Ware Company, Muncie, Ind., and Buick
 Sherwood Manufacturing Co., Detroit, Mich. The
company's general offices are in the Bessemer Building
in Pittsburgh.  The factories are at Pittsburgh, West
Bridgewater and New Brighton, Pa.; Louisville, Ky.,
and Detroit, Mich.  Branch offices, showrooms and
stores are well established places of note in London,
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, St. Louis,
Chicago, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, Louisville and Montreal.
One of the noteworthy features of this company's
mnanagement is that of having official and executive representation at the various large manufacturing centers.
This is patent from the management's personnel.  The
comlpany's president, Theodore Ahrens, has his headquarters at Louisville. The first vice-president, Francis
J. Torrance, has official charge in Pittsburgh. Henry
Cribben, second vice-president, is located at Chicago.
iW. A. Myler, secretary and treasurer, is stationed at
New Brighton, where E. L. Dawes, general manager of
factories, also has his headquarters. All of these officers
have had thorough experience through years of association and direct manufacture of wares for the bath,
laundry and kitchen plumbing supplies, the original companies with which they were identified being well known
in this line of industry for long years.
The name of Torrance has been identified with this
industry in Pittsburgh from its foundation almost a half
century ago.  Francis Torrance, father of the present
first vice-president, came from  Ireland  to America,
settling in Allegheny. He became president of the StandPLANTS AND SALESROOMS OF THE STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING COMPANYard Manufacturing Company, and, like his son, was also
prominently identified with the social, religious and political history of Allegheny County.  His death in I886
was regarded as a public loss. Francis J. Torrance was
superintendent of the Allegheny works when his father
died, later rising to more responsible positions until the
new company was formed in I899. His service in this
manner aptly fitted him to assist in directing this immense enterprise.  He was educated in the Allegheny
public schools, Newell Institute and the Western University of Pennsylvania. He served in Allegheny councils many years, being president of the select branch. He
might have had the best his city or county could have
afforded in a political way had he desired this. He has
been a member of the State Board of Charities many
years, and has been identified actively with numerous
public institutions. Possessed of a kindly disposition,
clean, courteous and unassuming, he wins the hearts of
all who associate with him.
While the company's business is to make "Standard"
ware for plumbers, this general term has broadened, as
mentioned above, into
every branch of this
industry.  Its  products include enameled
iron bath tubs, lavatories and other
plumbing goods, and
all specialties in brass
goods for plumbers,
gas and steam fitters,
including also plumbers' woodwork. Anything pertaining to
the making or care of these goods is the concern of those
connected with the management. "Modern Sanitation"
is the name of a monthly publication devoted to advancing sanitary plumnbing, a plain, outspoken magazine that
reaches the heart with a message of cleanliness. With
such clean-cut history for honesty in manufacture it is
little wonder that the highest grand prizes and gold
medals have been given the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Company by all of the world's expositions at
home and abroad.
MINE AND MILL SUPPLIES
THE GREAT INTERESTS INCIDENTAL TO PITTSBURGH CREATE A
CONSTANTLY INCREASING MARKET
Few people not interested directly in coal mining
have been aware of the slow revolution in the methods
of separating mother earth from  her valuable fuels.
There is as much difference between the old methods of
coal mining and the electric-lighted, modern-equipped
mine as between the old stage coach and a transcontinental flyer. Everything about the mine of to-day is
operated by machinery, and this has brought another industry into being, the mine and mill supply company, and
a number of prosperous examples of this new era are
doing business in the greatest of all coal centers-the
Pittsburgh district. A no less important part of their
business is the long-established and well-paying mill supply trade in its many diversified branches.
PHILLIPS MINE  MILL SUPPLY CO. Just
as the blacksmith once hammered out bolts, the carpenter
nade doors, and the glass manufacturer his pots and
molds, so the coal mine operator made his own cars and
struggled with the problems of constructing, hauling,
screening, weighing and dumping apparatus. There was
no big industry solely concerned in making things easy
for the coal operator.
But specialization invaded that field too. Years ago
a simple bolt works, based on valuable patents, was
started. It grew and expanded, finally developing into
a great iron business, carrying with it as a sort of side
line, constantly being enlarged, the duty of making mine
equipment.'Ihat little side line is now a
great and indepencldent business, the
largest of the kind in
America.   Separated
from  the parent stenm,
it is one of the wonderful  industries  of
Pittsburgh. The
greatness of the city's
iron and steel industries, of its glass factories, its foundries, its machine shops, its electrical trade
is constantly brought home to the average man as he
walks the streets, speeds over railroad tracks, or enters
his house or even sits down to his table. But when he
pays his coal bill there is nothing to bring to his mind the
fact that but for the Phillips Mine  Mill Supply Co. the
production of coal, the basis of the city's greattless,
probably would still be much obstructed by the inherent
difficulties of handling the coal from the depths of the
mine to the railroad cars or the coal boat.The picture shows the extent to which this businessof mine supplies has grown since it was first started in
the Lewis, Oliver  Phillips Bolt Works.  The plant
occupies two city blocks, bounded by South Twentythird, South Twenty-fourth, Mary and Jane Streets, and
is divided into different departments for a more systematic prosecution of the business. For instance there
are the foundry, machine shops, blacksmith shops, sheet
iron and wood-working departments, stockrooms and
yards. The office building is at Jane and South Twentythird Streets.
The throb of the huge engine, the roar of the intriPLANT OF PHILLIPS MINE  MILL SUPPLY CO., PITTSBURGH, PA.302  T H E   S T O R Y   O F    P I T T S B U R G H
cate and complete machinery, the stamp of the steam
hammers, the buzzing of the wood saws, the clatter of the
pneumatic riveters, the clang of the blacksmith's hammer, and the sound of the carpenters at work are evidence that here a great industry is moving. If the various sounds that come f rom the works do not tell the
listener that a many-sided industry is housed therein,
then he can realize its variety when he learns that screening plants, dumping outfits, weigh-scales, mine cars, built
of wood and iron, car wheels, coke-oven chargingwagons, incline drums, mill trucks and other equipment
is made there.
Our coal mines and coke works get from it the equipment for hauling and handling coal, which enables the
Pittsburgh district to astonish the world with its enormous production. Coal mines and coke works, in all parts
of the world, draw their supplies from this Pittsburgh
plant.
The company owns and controls many valuable
patents on devices f or mine equipment, and is constantly adding to its patents on cars, car wheels and
other products of its manufacture. The Phillips Company was the first to introduce the modern steel car in the
shape of a larry wagon for hauling slack coal to coke
ovens. Some idea of the magnitude of this plant is
obtained from the fact that it has a capacity of one
hundred mine cars and six hundred car wheels each
day, and has turned out from these works sufficient Phillips patent automatic cross-over car-dumps to handle
the entire coal output of the world, a rather strong but
true statement.
John Phillips was the founder of the business. Dying
in January of this year, he lived to see the bolt works,
which he established in I863 with William J. Lewis, expanded into a great rolling-mill industry, and the mine
and mill supply feature of the original works grown into
a business large enough to justify him in giving it all
his attention. The late Henry W. Oliver became a partner with Mr. Phillips and Mr. Lewis in I863. Mr.
Lewis later withdrew, and years afterward, in I890, Mr.
Phillips and his nephew, John M. Phillips, the president
of the present company, bought the mine supply department from the Oliver Iron  Steel Co. John M. Phillips was manager of this department at the time it was
purchased. From South Thirteenth Street the plant was
removed to South Twenty-third Street, and a partnership was formed, comprising John Phillips, John M.
Phillips and M. V. Wenke. In November, I900, John
Phillips sold his interest and retired from business, and
the firm was incorporated under the name that it bears
at present.
John M. Phillips is the president, Watson P. Phillips,
his brother, is vice-president, J. E. Roth is secretary,
Robert F. Phillips is the manager of the foundry, John
J. Fleming is the chief engineer, and John P. Chessrown
is the auditor.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES
SPEAKING OF VARIETY THE CHIEF PRIZE GOES TO THE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY MAN
Electricity's phenomenal dlevelopmnent throughaout the
civilizecl worlcl has been nowrher-e better reflectecl in tlhe
golcl of wealth than in the electrical supply business. The
electrical supply indlustr-y is the prize business in the
supply mnan's reall1n in the mnatter of variety, for a ii-illion
inciclentals are part of electrical equipmnent.  There is
wire first, then insulationl, concluits, fixtures, arc lights,
bulbs and a mnyriadl of incidlentals. In electrical equip?ilient, as in abotit everything that enters inclustry, Pittsburgh is in the f ronit rank. Thae electrical supply business
in the nation's fifth city, though begun less than 25 years
ago, has aclvancecl tupon wings tintil it is abreast of olcler
indtustries ancl has comne to be a 1-i-ost prosperous part of
a prosperouts commtiunity.
COOIKE-WILSON ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY- The Cooke-Wilson Electric Stupply Comnpany
has iliade such rapicl stricles in th-e electrical fielcl
that it is classecl as one of the leacling concerns of its
kincl in the city. Its business is principally with mninin-g
comnpanies of Pennsylvania, Ohio ancl West Virgillia,
being, m-aliufacturers' agents ancl dealers in electric mining machinery ancl supplies, and cloing all kincls of electrical repairing.
The comnpany was the result of the consoliclation of
the avencyv of the Morgan-Garclner Electric Comnpany of
Chlicago, ancl the supply and repair business of W. J
Wrilson, both of which were well establishecl at the timne
the present comnpany was formned.
The business of the company has grown rapiclly fromn
the start. It supplies n-iany of the largest coal comnpanies
in the country with their electric mnachinery ancl supplies,
ancl new customners are being adcled claily. The MorganGarclner generators, n-iining m1achines ancl hatilage locomotives solcl by thlis comnpany are the best on thle mnarket
and are installecl in the mnajority of the mines in Pennsylvania, Ohio ancl West Virginia. It is agent for the
Eureka Temperecl Copper WVorks, the Electric Railway
Equipmnent Comnpany, the Chicago Mica. Comupany, ancl
other mnanufacturers whose prodtuctions are standlard. In
the repair-shop none but carefully selectecl ancl experiencecl machinists ancl armnature winclers are emnployed.
A. S. Cooke is presiclent of the comnpany, ancl Walter
J.Wilson is secretary ancl treasturer. The offices of the
comupany are in Imnperial Power Builcling, corner Penni
Avenue ancl Thirdl Street.
THE DOUBLEDAY-HILL ELECTRIC COMPANY-The ever iticreasiliu titilizatioti of electricity
occasiotis a corresponcidling extetision of the tracle in electrical fixtures ancl supplies. Splenclicl eviclences of thlis
cotnstant expansioti are shown by the Doubleclay-HillT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    303
Electric Company. Established in I897, this enterprising corporation by its success as a manufacturer of, and
dealer in, electrical appliances and supplies, in a decade
has attained conspicuous importance.
At its works in the Phipps Power Building the company specializes in the manufacture of armature and field
coils, commutators and trolley wheels. In this work
and on other forms and phases of electrical construction
the Doubleday-Hill Electric Company employs about 100
men. It is the established policy of the company to make
and sell only the best in any particular line. The offices
and warerooms of the company are located at 919 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh. The better to accommodate
its southern trade, or at least a portion of it, the company
has established a branch at Charlotte, North Carolina.
The Doubleday-Hill Electric Company is capitalized at
$300,ooo, and the officers of the company are: S. Phillips Hill, President; G. Brown Hill, Vice-President and
Treasurer, and H. Gibson Shaler, Secretary.
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY-The Union
Electric Company is a jobber of electrical supplies of
every description. The members of the company are:
George W. Provost, president; J. P. Provost, vice-president and treasurer; L. H. Kellar, secretary and manager
of the lighting department; Thomas M. Cluley, assistant
treasurer and manager of the railway department.
The business was established January 7, I 905. Its capital is $250,000; preferred stock, $I25,ooo, and its common stock, $125,ooo. The company is located at 31
Terminal Way, Pittsburgh (South Side), and at I527-30
Park Building, Pittsburgh.
The Union Electric Company is made up of the General Railway Supply Company and the Union Electric
Company. The General Railway Supply Company was
founded by two brothers, George W. Provost and J. P.
Provost. The former took active charge of the business,
with Thomas Cluley as assistant, and J. P. Provost became treasurer. They began, business in a small room
in the Park Building and carried no stock in Pittsburgh.
The Union Electric also began in this building with no
Pittsburgh stock. The General Railway Supply Company since became a factor in the development of street
railways, providing the material for most of them built
in this section. The combined companies employ 40
people, occupy a seven-story warehouse in the Pittsburgh
Terminal Warehouse, and handle everything for street
railways, electrically equipped mines, industrial plants,
central stations, power houses, etc. They have excellent
shipping facilities, both by rail and river.
sible care of their customers. They deal in only the best
materials and employ the most up to date business methods. They have exclusive connections with the best manufacturers of gears, pinions, trolley bases, line material,
rail bonds fare registers, track jacks and drills, etc., etc.
METALLIC PACKING
A PACKING THAT HAS STOOD THE TEST AGAINST THE HIGHEST
STEAM PRESSURE
Manufacturing in Pittsburgh is a wheel within a
wheel, and there is no great single industry which grows
from the efforts of the man in overalls that has not given
impetus to a number of contributory industries. The
valve industry brought out the packing industry, and
metallic packing is one of the biggest bidclers for popularity in the engineering trade. In the metallic packing
trade Pittsburgh is holding its own and giving a lumber
of companies a look-in on prosperity. The high steam
pressure necessary in innumerable Pittsburgh enterprises
has given the metallic packing a most thorough test and
a big boom in a business way.
LARKIN'S METALLIC PACKING COMPANY
- Larkin's Metallic Packing was invented in 1898; the
company is manufacturer of Larkin's Metallic Packing
for valve stems, piston rods, for steam, water, oil, gas
and compressed air.  The company's office is at 723
Lewis Building, Pittsburgh. Its trade extends over the
United States and foreign countries, and its goods are
sold only by the Larkin's Metallic Packing Company or
its authorized agents. Lawrence Barr is manager.
Larkin's Metallic Packing is in use in most of the
leading manufacturies from whom the company has received many testimonials of its superior character.  It
has been tested by the United States Government and has
shown most satisfactory proof of its strong merit. No
better idea of its value to various branches of manufacturing can be given than by quoting from some of the
letters received by the company.
The Platt Iron Works Company, of Dayton, O., under the date of April 6, 1905, says: "Our use of Larkin's
Metallic Packing under severe conditions which I ref erred
to was this: We used it for the packing of air compressor
rams, compressing air to 2,500 pounds, and also 3,000
pounds running in continuous tests, in one case as long as
eighteen hours without once discovering a leak or defect
of any kind in the packing. On withdrawing the rams
we found that the packing was in perfect condition, and
replaced the rams and went to work again with the same
result. In fact we had no trouble whatever in making
a long, severe test under 2,500 pounds."
This packing is also used in a ten-million-gallon engine erected by the E. P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee,
in I898, including the necessary packing for the air
compressor and the boiler feed-pump.  The engineer
gives the information that he has had no occasion to
repair or renew any of the packing, and that it has given
entire satisfaction. The pump thus packed has been in
use since December, I898.
The Pittsburgh Steel Company, of Monessen, Pa.,
says: "In reply to your request for a statement as to304  T H E   S T O R Y' O F   P I T T S B U R G H
how your Larkin's Metallic Packing is working in piston
and pump rods in our works, would say that it is giving
good satisfaction so far, and from present appearance
we believe it will give us better results than any other
packing we have tried.
"We note especially its freedom from scoring the
rods, no matter how tight it is pulled up, and at the same
time the small f riction it causes. It is giving us the best
results where very sensitive valves require packing, as
the attendant cannot pull it too tight to interfere with
the working of the valve. Where new rods are packed
with it, they practically show no wear after running
nine months. Rods that have been scored by other packing show marked improvement in appearance after being packed with Larkin's packing. We use it both on
steam and hot and cold water."
The Union Storage Company says: "In reference to
Larkin's Metallic Packing, of which we have been using
more or less for some time, would say that we have been
using some of this packing f or over a year on a Corliss
engine, in what our chief engineer considers the hardest
wearing point upon his whole engine, and he reports
that it has given excellent satisfaction in every respect,
and that he can recommend it highly."
The John Hauenstein Brewing Company, of New
Ulm, Minnesota, writes: "After years of experimenting
with various piston-rod packing, without desired results,
we ordered last September, upon the recommendation of
our engineer, a free trial sample of Larkin's Self-Lubricating Metallic Packing. After a thorough trial we have
come to the conclusion that it is the easiest packing on
rods that was ever devised.
"It is expansive so as to completely fill the stuffing
box, yet not cause friction upon the rod. We therefore
recommend it to the trade as the most reliable, economical
and easiest packing for packing stuffing boxes in existence."
The proprietor of the Lebanon Star Mills, of Lebanon, Ohio, in reply to inquiries regarding the packing,
writes: "The packing was so good I do not think it will
ever wear out. If it does, you will surely get my order
for more."
Eyster  Son, manufacturers of paper-box boards,
Halltown, W. Va., say: "Gentlemen:-We are enclosing a check in payment of invoice for metallic packing,
and want to thank you f or sending it to us. It is the
first packing we have found for the valve rod on which
we use it that has given us any peace and satisfaction."
The Electric Light Department of Harbor Springs,
Michigan, writes: "In reply to your letter of April 9,
asking why you had not received an order for Larkin's
Metallic Packing, I wish to say that on March 1O I
received eleven pounds of your packing, and the same
has been in use ever since on piston and Corliss valve
stems, and is giving the most perfect satisfaction. I can
cheerfully recommend this packing to anyone who wishes
a first-class packing and one that will not leak or wear
out. "
From Colton, California, comes the brief line from
the engineer of the R. H. W. Company: "Yes, your
packing is the only packirig that I can get to hold."
The above letters are a most interesting exhibition
of the trials and difficulties that the practical mechanic
and engineer encounter in a variety of occupations.
To one who has had any experience with the leaking
of steam or compressed air, which often occurs at a
critical time, and often necessitating the closing down of
the entire plant to replace a little defective packing, the
discovery of a metallic packing which is satisfactory and
to be depended upon is a great boon to the manufacturing
world.
The doing away with the scoring of the piston rods,
which has annoyed all engineers, is another feature which
accounts for the popularity of a metallic packing which
will not wear out.
BUTCHERS' SUPPLIES
IN REFRIGERATORS THE STEEL CITY HAS BEEN THE WORLDS'
FOOD PRESERVER
Housewives are probably little aware of the debt they
ow e Pittsburgh industry in the little detail of supplying
them  fresh meats, vegetables, dairy products, etc.  In
the matter of refrigerators the Steel City has been the
ice and food preserver for the world, for the products of
this vicinity in ref rigeration are in use in stock yards,
dairies and butcher shops throughout the United States
and Europe. Whether it is a cheap refrigerator for the
home, or a massive system of refrigeration for a great
meat-producing corporation, close inspection likely will
show the Pittsburgh trade-mark.
THE BERNARD GLOEKLER COMPANY
This business was started on a small scale in the early
60's by John Wagner, who engaged in the manufacture of refrigerators, counters, butchers' blocks and a
general line of smaller butchers' and packers' supplies.
Mr. Wagner conducted it until 1874 when he disposed
of his entire interests and holdings to Bernard Gloekler,
who completely reorganized the business and founded
the nucleus of the immense business that the firm enjoys
to-day.
The new owner immediately added new lines and
made improvements on the old, and within the first few
years succeeded in more than doubling the former volume
of business.  He then entered the wholesale trade, as
well as continuing the retail end of the business, and
soon built up a large business direct f rom the factory.
Lines of kitchen and hotel supplies were added, until
now there is practically nothing required in the hotel,
restaurant, bar or butcher shop that is not carried by the
company.T H E   S T O, R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H   305
This much is granted by experts. Steam and electricity
have been innovations in cookery without which feeding
the multitude on a large scale would be impossible. Pittsburghers early saw the opportunities for wealth in the
manufacture of cooking machinery and supplies, especially in the baking end of the business. The result is
ovens of Protean proportions and facilities which do the
baking for a multitude in less time than a housewife of
Puritan days performed the same feat for a household
of three to ten persons.
W. L. KNORR-Towards the procurement of the
staff of life and some of the sweets of existence to the
extent that his establishment is the largest bakers' and
confectioners' supply house in western Pennsylvania, W.
L. Knorr considerably contributes.
Some of the specialties of the Knorr factory and
store are wooden ware, bakers', confectioners' and ice
cream manufacturers' utensils, baking powder, flavoring
extracts, cake ornaments and icing powders. In stock
Knorr keeps practically everything that a baker or confectioner might require from a gas engine to a doughtrough. Wares of tin, brass and copper, mixers, breaks,
cake machines, power motors and such accessories are
carried in great variety. Knorr specializes also in essential oils, pure spices, cream tartar, vanilla beans and
gelatine.
Two four-story buildings at 1108-IO-I2 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, hardly suffice at present to contain the
business that has been so successfully and steadily developed since I875. Additions and improvements recently made not only give more room, but provide better
facilities for the prompt filling of customers' orders in
every respect.
Inferiority in foodstuffs can scarcely be excused, nor
is a lack of merit in articles, which bakers ancl confectioners use, easily concealed. The best evidence of the
excellence of the goods that Knorr makes and sells is
the extent and stability of his trade.  Tha t the business
is so well and favorably known is a positive indication
not only of the trustworthiness of the house, but also of
the standard quality of the articles Knorr distributes.
Owing to the rapid growth of the business it was
decided to form a stock company and incorporate the
business, which was done in February, 1905, under the
laws of the State of Pennsylvania, and the name of the
concern was changed to The Bernard Gloekler Company.  The authorized capital  stock was  originally
$5,ooo, but this was increased to $300,000 in March
of the same year.
Then the quarters of the company were found to be
too small to properly conduct the business, and early in
1906 the company purchased a lot fronting I60 feet on
Penn Avenue, and in the same year started the erection
of a large twelve-story reinforced concrete building,
which was finished that same year, and which is now
occupied by the company.  The company's address is
II27 Penn Avenue.
In addition to the modern plant that has been installed in this structure, the company has a large warehouse where a large line of goods is continually carried
on hand, and from which shipments can be made within
a few hours after the receipt of the order for the same.
Recently a large line of refrigerating machinery was
added, and the company has been installing some fine
plants throughout the entire Pittsburgh district. A large
show and sample room is maintained for the convenience
of customers on the second floor of the building, and
here practically anything in the line of the above equipment can be seen set up and ready for use. This has
proven a great convenience.
Bernard Gloekler is president of the company; J.
Edward Gloekler, first vice-president; Albert Gloekler,
second vice-president; James B. Gloekler, secretary and
treasurer, and Charles A. Gloekler, general manager.
The above officers, with the addition of Oscar Brashear
and J. A. Weston, form the board of directors.
BAKERS' SUPPLIES
IT IS A LONG CRY FROM SYSTEMATIC COOKING BACK TO THE
PURITAN KITCH EN
Systematic cooking has stumped the punsters; it
makes better pies than "the kind mother used to make."AVE for that portion of its tonnage, chiefly coal,
that is transported on the rivers, Pittsburgh, for
the handling of the greatest amount of freight
that any city receives or furnishes, depends entirely on railroad transportation, and it is most ably
served by many lines.
East and west, north and south, like the spokes of a
wheel, radiate the different lines. Ever over the numerous tracks trundle the long, heavily-laden trains. The
bulk of the traffic, of course, is associated in one way or
another with the steel industry. From Lake Erie ports
to the Pittsburgh district come millions of tons of Superior iron ore. From the Connellsville and other coal
regions are brought to the city and vicinity coke and
coal that in tons mounts up into the millions. Also, to
be emptied into the blast furnaces, are procured thousands
of car-loads of limestone,  Tonnage  in eight
figures is called for in the production of one item-pig
iron. The Bessemer, the open-hearth and the other furnaces must be fed. Fuel by the wholesale is required for
the forges, the foundries and mills, to generate heat and
power for the colossal plants and smaller factories that
are devoted exclusively to steel.  Raw  material and f uel
for iron and steel producers, though lumped together and
replenished constantly, only supply the requisitions of
one end of one industry. There are others. The makers
of terra cotta, brick and glass, the oil refinery, the cork
factory, the pickle works, the various branches of the
building trades, just to mention a few who receive
freight oftener than occasionally, are served by the railroads; besides these there are the consumers. To feed,
clothe, shelter, educate and amuse itself and carry on
business, a rich and populous community draws extensively on the outside world. Sooner or later the acknowledgment of the draft comes in a freight car. All this
only partially accounts for the tonnage arriving.
Briefly, the heft of the freight outgoing by rail might
be classified in two items: First, the output of the manufacturing establishments, less what was used at home;
second, coal sent to the lakes.
In the first classification, however, is an aggregation
of shipments that astonishes the world. No city can show
such a tremendous tonnage. Itemized, the articles cover
practically every schedule in the railway tariff.
For this enormous and immensely valuable freight
business the railroads strenuously contend. The fact that
it was first to enter Pittsburgh contributed greatly to the
prosperity of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In speaking of
railroad service, equipment or management, the Pennsylvania lines are usually cited as the standard of excellence. Though the Pennsylvania and its subsidiaries
thrive on what they obtain in the Pittsburgh district,
competitors do not lack traffic. In the coal regions of
West Virginia, if not elsewhere, the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad has some geographical advantages. This system, now constantly strengthening its lines and making
better its right of way, regrets not in the least its connection with Pittsburgh. That "little giant," the Pittsburgh
and Lake Erie Railroad, once described as being "80
miles long and I60 miles wide," is said to be the most
successfully operated railroad in America. The Bessemer
and Lake Erie Railroad, developed by a change of ownership from poverty and dilapidation to noted substantiality, usefulness and profit, fears not the future. The last
to obtain admission to the charmed circle is the "Wabash, " which spent millions, willingly, to place itself in
a position to receive a share of the ever increasing
amount of freight distributed by Pittsburgh.
3o6
PUBLIC   SERVICjE  CORPORATIONS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I  l: tI_-I IAt
Railroads Radiate to Every Point from PittsburghStreet Railways and Telephone Companies Give Up-todate Service -Natural Gas for Light, Heat and PowerTHE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SYSTEM
-Originally planned in the early forties as the pioneer
line over the natural route between Philadelphia and Harrisburg, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company was formed
April I3, I846, and secured the right to construct a line
across the State of Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh.
From this comparatively small beginning its extension and development, until the Atlantic seaboard was
connected (by the shortest practicable routes through the
great manufacturing metropolis of Pittsburgh) with
Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, Columbus, Cincinnati,
Louisville, Indianapolis, and St. Louis, the principal distributing centers of the Middle West, have in a large
measure been accomplished
by applying to the changing
conditions consequent upon
the growth of the Nation
the policies of the men who
laid the foundation for this
vast transportation system;
and its present s u c c e s s
stands as a monument to
their foresight annd wisdom.
To-day the property consists of I,I 76- miles of first
track, 6,078 of which are
east  of  Pittsburgh,  and
5,098 miles west of that
point, passing through the
most active industrial portion  of the  country and
penetrating fourteen of the
most populous States, while
the total nain tracks and
sidings of the system  aggregate 23,572 miles, or almost enough to reach
around the globe.
The gross revenue of the
Pennsylvania Railroad System  in  I907  aggregated
$326,785,526, of which
$216,472,4I2  was  earned
by its lines east of Pittsburgh and Erie, and $IIo,3I3,II4 by the lines west of those cities. The total number
of tons of freight handled for that year was 435,064,136;
and the number of passengers carried was I53,047,046almost double the entire population of the United States.
The Pennsylvania Railroad System owns 6,477 locomotives, 5,436 passenger cars, and owns or leases under
car trust 247,699 cars.
The outstanding capital stock of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company proper is $3I4,594,650, owned by
about 6o,ooo stockholders scattered all over the world,
of whom about 45 per cent. are women. Since I86o the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company proper has paid dividends annually ranging from 4 per cent. to Io per cent.aggregating $300,000,000, a truly marvelous example of
stability and strength, the result of wise management of
this remarkable system, and fully justifying. the confidence of the investing public.
The Pennsylvania Railroad was the first to use
Bessemer steel rails, as well as the first to build locomotives with steel fire-boxes; also the first railroad in the
world to experiment with and adopt the air-brake and
automatic coupler, and the first to install the perfected
electro-pneumatic block system of signals, as well as the
first to use the electro-pneumatic interlocking device, to
insure the safe and quick handling of its passenger and
freight trains.
As an illustration of the
high standard of excellence
in which its property is
maintained, it may be pointed out that the business conditions arising  from  constantly increasing commerce
a few years ago seemed to
demand very fast passenger
train service between the
East and the West; and
the company was enabled to
meet this public requirement
by inaugurating the pioneer
eighteen-hour trains in both
directions between Chicago
and New York, a distance
of 9I2 miles. The record
of the "Pennsylvania Special" shows an unprecedented performance for longdistance trains. Since the
establishment of this service
early in I905, these two
trains alone have traveled,
to date, more than I,9oo,ooo miles, carrying nearly
go,ooo passengers, and arriving on time at their terminals (including times less than ten minutes late) 86 per
cent. of the more than two thousand trips run, without a
single fatality to passengers. The Pennsylvania Railroad
also maintains the fastest long-distance mail train service
in the world, from New York to St. Louis, I,o6o miles,
in 23 hours and 44 minutes.
lThe importance to Pittsburgh of a transportation
system  of this magnitude cannot be overestimated; it
gives the ever-expanding industries of the Iron City the
most complete facilities for handling its enormous traffic.
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD IN PITTSBURGH DISTRICT
-More tonnage originates in Pittsburgh and vicinity than
in any other district of like area in the world. Rapidly
JAMES McCREA
President of the Pennsylvania Railroadtional Bank commands all respect because of the iimplicit
trust and confidence placed in its officers and directors.
The officers are: E. H. Myers, President; L. Vilsack,
Vice-President; W. W. Ramsey, Cashier; A. A. Vilsack,
Assistant Cashier; J. W. F. Eversmnann, Assistant Cashier.
The directors are: E. H. Myers, John P. Ober, A. A.
Frauenheim, H. B. Beatty, Leopold Vilsack, Charles A.
Fagan, John D. Brown, J. S. Craig and H. P. Haas.
KEYSTONE NATIONAL BANK-The Keystone
National Bank of Pittsburgh occupies the ground floor
of its own spacious I5-story building at 320, 322 and
324 Fourth Avenue in the heart of the financial district.
The history of this institution is the record of success founded upon correct business principles and wise
management. The business began May 12, I884, in the
Oil Exchange Building on
Fourth Avenue.  In I 889 the
bank moved to more commodious quarters at No. 324 Fourth
Avenue. In the spring of I9oI
another move was made to 427
Wood Street, which was occupied pending the erection of the
present building.  The bank's
original capital was $300,000,
which, on October I, I9OI, was
increased to $500,000.
Conlparatively few  changes
have been mnade in the personnel
of this bank's officers, and, almost without exception, the active managers of the business
have been connected with it from
the beginning.
The founder of the Keystone Bank of Pittsburgh was
Captain J. J. Vandergrift, who
remained president tu n t i 1 h i s
death December 26, I899. He
was succeeded by the present president, George M. Laughlin, of the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co., who has been a director of the bank since its beginning. Captain Charles W.
Batchelor held the office of vice-president until his death,
Jutne 29, I896, and was succeeded by W. H. Nimick, the
incumbent, who was previously a director.
A. B. Davitt, the first cashier of the bank, resigned in
T889 and was succeeded by J. H. Hayes, who resigned
in I896 because of failing health. Mr. Hayes was succeeded by the present cashier, A. S. Beymer, who was
the individual bookkeeper at the organization of the
bank. In November, 1902, the office of assistant cashier
was created and filled by the promotion of Edward E.
McCoy, formerly individual bookkeeper.
The high standing of the Keystone Bank is well indicated by the personnel of its board of directors, which
is composed of progressive, yet judiciously conservative
business men, namely, George M. Laughlin, of the Jones
 Laughlin Steel Co.; Joshua Rhodes, director Philadelphia Company; James I. Buchanan, president Pittsburgh Trust Company; G. W. C. Johnston, president
Keystone Conmercial Company; William  Witherow,
capitalist; S. H. Vandergrift, New York, N. Y.; Win.
B. Rhodes, vice-president Penn Coke Company; Wim.
C. Magee, president Pickards-Magee Comipany; J. C.
McDowell, vice-president and general manager Union
Natural Gas Comlpany; W. H. Nimick, vice-president;
David F. Collingwood, fire and liability insurance;
Harry XV. Dunlap, commission merchant; Willis L. King,
Jones  Laughlin Steel Co.; A. S. Beymer, cashier; E.
N. Ohl, president United Iron  Steel Co., and J. W.
Kinnear, of Kinnear, McCloskey  Best, attorneys.
These gentlemen are admittedly well equipped for the successful management of a large
financial institution.  Their sutccess in their individual or personal enterprises forms m1any interesting chapters in the story of
Pittsburgh's  marvelous  industrial, financial and commercial
(levelopment, and stamps them
as men amply qualified to promote and guard the interests of
the stockholders and depositors.
LINCOLN NATIONAL
BANK-This well known financial institution at 533 Smithfield
Street was organized in I869
as the Masonic Deposit Savings
Bank of Pittsburgh, and was so
named because its original stockholders, officers and  directors
were all members of the order.
It was successful from the start
owing to the high standing of the mnen back of it, but it
became apparent that a 1istake had been made in the
title, as the namne suggested too 1nuch exclusiveness, while
the business was really for the general public.
As a result, upon the expiration of the State charter,
it was decided by the officers in charge at that time, the
bank having been 1nanned without regard to affiliation
with the Masonic order, to take out a national charter.
A suitable natne was necessary, and it was decided to
call it the Lincoln National Bank of Pittsburgh.  The
distinction of selecting the namne went to Col. Hugh
Young, wlho was then a national bank examiner.  The
wisdolmn of the choice has been shown, and to-day it is
one of proud distinction.
The original capital stock was $200,000, and a large
surplus was earned.  Later, as the business increased,
GERMAN NATIONAL BANK BUILDINGas the railroads had in recent years provided additional
facilities for handling this constantly increasing business,
it was realized five years ago that the congestion of
traffic was becoming so serious as to menace the prosperity of this great industrial center. It was then that the
management of the Pennsylvania Railroad carefully
studied the traffic problem and worked out its correct
solution on a scale and by methods heroic in their aim
and dimensions.
Of all the railroads entering Pittsburgh, the Pennsylvania is of course the largest and most firmly established. Here center the eastern and western lines which
make up that great railroad system of more than II,ooo
miles. In its importance to transportation requirements
of the Pittsburgh district the Pennsylvania stands by
itself. The greatest burden of responsibility fell, therefore, upon this railroad
in proportion to its fa-'
cilities and p o s i t i o n.
Under the supervision
of the late President, A.
J. Cassatt, and his successor, James McCrea,
the elaborate plans for
the improvement
of Pittsburgh transportation facilities, no w
nearing perfection, were
m a p p e d out. These
plans called for vast
sums of mn one y, but
there was no hesitation.
With boldness and farsightedness, extensive
improvements went
ahead on the Pennsylvania to meet the imperative demands by the
b u s i n e s s interests of
Pittsburgh and vicinity. It is estimated that the company's outlay from I902 to I907 for construction to meet
those demands amounted to more than $25,500,000.
The Pennsylvania Lines entering the Greater City
consist of the Pennsylvania Railroad proper from the
East; the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway
(Fort Wayne Route) from the Northwest and West;
the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway (Panhandle Route) from  the West and Southwest; the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Railroad from
the North; the Western Pennsylvania Railroad from the
Northeast along the Allegheny shore of the Allegheny
River; the Monongahela Division from the East and
Southeast along the south shore of the Monongahela
River. A glance at the map makes it apparent that the
Pennsylvania provides Pittsburgh with transportation
facilities from all directions, requiring comparatively
little interchange with other railroads at Pittsburgh, also
that the big problem was to joil- the Pennsylvania links
in such manner as to avoid confusion, congestion and
delay.
ENORMOUS INTERCHANGE OF FREIGHT-Between its
own divisions the Pennsylvania has a daily interchange
of 5,000 cars, and a daily delivery to local industries of
3,000, making a total of 8,ooo cars daily throughout the
year. This, however, does not convey an adequate idea
of the traffic handled, because shippers are given 48
hours for loading, and 48 hours for unloading, and the
cars thus held must be added to those passing through
the  district.  In  I907  the Pittsburgh  interchange
amounted to 2,4I7,335 cars, an increase of I73,II9
over I906.
The general scheme in making improvements has
been to arrange a series
of outer yards for re:
ceiving' and classifying
through freight, and a
series of inner yards' for
the  distrib u tion
of freight in the city.
The outer yards are
connected by the belt
line, and the inner yards
are  joined  wvith  the
whole system  by convenient links.
G R A D E CROSSINGS
ABOLISHED-From  the
point of view of the
citizens of Pittsburgh
t h e m o s t important
change m ad e by the
Pennsylvania has been
the elimination of grade
crossings.  It has been
the systematic policy of
the company to elevate tracks, the streets passing unclerneath, or to depress them and build bridges to carry
the streets overhead. The erection of the double-track
elevated structure along Duquesne Way from Union Station, in the heart of the city, to the Point was the deathblow to the most troublesome crossings. It enabled Liberty Avenue and Penn Avenue, on the surface of which
freight trains formerly passed, to be free of tracks and
to become one of the most open and useful thoroughfares in the city.
The Pennsylvania (Fort Wayne Route) tracks approaching Union Station crossed Liberty and Penn Avenues at grade only a few years ago. Now, crossing the
Allegheny River on the new, double-deck, four-track
bridge, they enter the station by an elevated structure.
Through the City of Allegheny, too, the Pennsylvania
Company has eliminated all grade crossings, alternately
UNION STATION, PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, PITTSBURGH, PA.raising or depressing the tracks as the topography of the
route would permit.
Near the Point the scheme for handling freight has
been entirely changed within two years. Liberty Avenue
tracks were formerly used to enter Duquesne Freight
Station at Liberty Avenue and Water Street.  Now,
with the surface tracks removed, that station has been
torn down and a new one has been built between Penn
Avenue, Water Street, Duquesne Way and Third Street.
Team tracks, where cars can be loaded and unloaded
without warehouse facilities, cover the site of the old
station and are reached by the spur from the Duquesne
Way elevated tracks. A new track along the Monongahela River wharf has been built and is connected with
the team tracks on the site of the station. One hundred
cars can be handled along the wharf and at the old station site, and nearly
200 at the station between  Water Street
and Duquesne Way.
The Duquesne Station is nmodern in
every particular and
fully equipped for the
handling of merchandise traffic, with separate houses for inbound and outbound
freight. Over the inbound  house is the
Dutquesne warehouse,
an up-to-date storage
plant, which, on account of its location,
p r o v i d e s facilities
of exceptional convenience. Elaborate plans
have been made for a
new station at Sixteenth Street on the Allegheny Division of this road.
The house and team-track car capacity of other stations is as follows:  Pittsburgh Division-Twenty-sixthl
Street, 93 cars; Thirty-third Street, I20; Shadyside, io8;
East Liberty, Io4.  West Penn  Division-Anderson
Street and Bennett, I2I cars.  Monongahela DivisionCarson Street, 73 cars; Twenty-third Street, I79. B. 
A. V. Division-Sixteenth Street, 532 cars; Produce
Yard, 314; Eleventh Street, 35; Twenty-ninth Street,
102; Thirty-eighth, Forty-eighth, Fifty-seventh and Butler Street Stations, 85 cars. P, Ft. W.  C.-Penn Avenue, I26 cars; North Avenue, 84; Manchester, 83; Superior Siding, 25. P., C., C.  St. L. Ry.-Grant Street,
86 cars, and Try Street, II 13.
The object of the whole scheme of Pittsburgh improvements has been to divert freight from  the Union
Station route.  Now  only the Point freight goes that
way. Cars for the Point Station, whether from over the
Fort Wayne Route, the Panhandle Route, or the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division, enter their proper
classification yards, are taken past Union Station, thence
over the Duquesne Way elevated tracks by coke-burning
(smokeless) locomotives.
THE BRILLIANT CUT-OFF-Of all single improvements by which the general plan has been perfected, the
Brilliant Branch, or Brilliant Cut-Off, was the master
stroke. Although it was built at large expense, it has
saved incalculable time and money since put into operation. The Brilliant Cut-Off is a four-track railroad, extending from the main line of the Pennsylvania in the
suburbs northward to the Valley (Buffalo and Allegheny
Valley) tracks on the Allegheny River, and across the
river to the Western Pennsylvania Division.
As t h e Western
Pennsylvania   Division connects further
dowtn with the Fort
Wayne Route, th e
B r i 11 i a n t Cut-Off
makes it possible for
freight from  the
Northwest consigned
to the East to pass
on to its destination
without being taken
through the congested city.  This connection has meant
more  to  comlmerce,
probably, than  any
single  improvement
made in years. The
Cut-Off serves n o t
o n 1 y t o facilitate
through freight
movement a n cld t o
keep  freight away  from  the Union  Station  route,
but accommodates passenger service over the Valley
tracks. Passenger trains pass over the Cut-Off to Union
Station, and leave the Valley tracks in the city free for
mill service.
The Brinton "Y" is another of the new improvements. In a general way it corresponds on the South to
the Brilliant Cut-Off on the North, and joins the main
line to the Monongahela Division.  That division connects with the Panhandle Route on the South Side,
similar to the way in which the Western Pennsylvania
Division connects with the Fort Wayne Route in Allegheny. The "Y" serves traffic from the Southwest, while
the Cut-Off serves traffic from the Northwest, making
possible the diversion of freight from Union Station.
Sometimes. the "Y" and the Cut-Off are used in conjunction with one another. For example, freight from
FT. WAYNE ROAD DEPRESSED THROUGH ALLEGHENY-MODERN AUTOMATIC SIGNALSthe Monongahela Division destined for western New
York or Canada goes by way of the "Y" along the main
line for a short -distance, thence over the Cut-Off and up
the Valley toward Buffalo, thereby avoiding crowded
Pittsburgh.
OUTER AND INNER  YARDS-Alternate routes for
through  freight did not, however, solve the traffic
problem of Pittsburgh. The classification of cars was
still to be reduced to a smooth-working system.
Every one of the railroads entering Pittsburgh must
have its large outer yard for classifying through freight,
and a smaller inner yard for local distribution. On the
main line Pitcairn is the point where the largest classification is made. It has a total capacity of 5,000 cars, which
are "cleared up"-received and sent out-every eighteen
hours. Wilkinsburg Yard in the inner circle is used to
receive and classify freight for local distribution.
Conway Yard, on the Fort Wayne Route, is the largest yard in the Pittsburgh district, an d
contains I26 mniles of
tracks; it has a capacity of I I,ooo cars,
and is a receiving,
classification and discharging yard  for
b o t h eastward a nd
westward   freight
over the Pennsvlvania's
Northwest S v s t e n.
The yard is emnptiecl
of all cars, including
those held up for repairs, every nineteen
hours.  The  Fort
Wavyne Route has several other large yards,
located in both Allegheny City and Pittsburgh proper.
Scully Yard, with a capacity of 2,000 cars, is on the
Panhandle Route. It receives, classifies and discharges
freight destined to points on the Northwest System. The
Panhandle's inner yard, for local distribution, is at
Sheridan.  Freight between the Panhandle and Fort
Wayne Route, or between the Panhandle and West
Penn Division, goes over the Ohio Connecting Bridge a
short distance down the Ohio River from the Point. The
Ohio Connecting Bridge also plays an important part in
diverting freight from the Union Station route.  Improvements have recently been made at the north end
of the bridge greatly facilitating the interchange of
traffic.
On the Buffalo and Allegheny Valley Division the
outer yard is at Coleman, and the inner yard at Eighteenth Street.
Between Eighteenth and Twenty-sixth Streets, inclusive, is located what is known as the Produce
Yard, at which were received in I907 more than 22,000
car-loads of all kinds of fruits and vegetables, shipped
from almost every State in the Union, including special
consignments of pears, peaches and plums from  the
Rhodesian Nurseries of South Africa, grapes from
Spain, lemons from Italy, and figs from Turkey. The
estimated value of fruits and vegetables received at this
yard during I907 was $II,500,000; and all of this produce was consumed in Greater Pittsburgh and vicinity.
STOCK YARDS MOVED--In line with improvements
was the establishment of extensive stock yards at Herr's
Island in the Allegheny River. Until recently the yards
were located at East Liberty, a suburb near the eastern
boundary of the city; now they are nearer the city, but
apart from  it.  Every day 250 cars of live stock are
handled there. The island is easily accessible to all the
terminal lines by the various connecting links lately constructed. Cattle are fed and watered at these yards and
t h e n  distributed  in
Pittsburgh, o r f o rwarded to eastern destinations.
An enumeration of
all the different improvements made by
t h e Pennsylvania in
and around Pittsburgh
within the past five
years would make a
long list.  The transfor mation of the
South Side has alone
been little short of
marvelous.  A  fourtrack route runs east
and west all the way
from  the Ohio Connecting Bridge to Thomson, along which are half a dozen
yards in connection witl- the mill business. The old Monongahela River Bridge has been replaced by a modern
structure adapted to heavy rolling stock.  Port Perry
Bridge, connecting the Monongahela Division with the
Brinton "Y," has been double-trackecl in the interest of
freer movement.
The separation of the grades of railroad trafficpassenger from  freight--northward from  southward,
eastward from  westward, has been thoroughly worked
out, so that Pittsburgh to-day is really congestionp"fo0of.
FACILITIES FOR PASSENGER TRAFFIc-Carrying out
the Pennsylvania's policy of providing general terminal
passenger stations as near to the business section of large
cities as physical conditions permit, the reconstructed
Union Station at Liberty Avenue and Eleventh Street
is not only most conveniently located as regards the
central district, but is easy of access from  and to the
wholesale and retail shipping districts, office buildings,
THE NEW PASSENGER STATION, ALLEGHENY, PA.and hotels. About 40,000 passengers use the Union Station daily.
The station is commnodious and combines in its arrangement an adaptability to the easy accommodation of
the daily travel with a flexibility that minimizes the difficulty of handling masses of people on special occasions.
In addition to ticket offices, waiting rooms, etc., for
the accommodation of passengers, the building also
houses the general offices of the Pennsylvania Lines, thus
bringing all the officials in direct touch with the scene
of active railroad operation-an ideal condition.
The traveling public is served by over 400 trains
arriving at and departing from Union Station every day.
While the greater percentage of these trains fill requirements of commutation and purely local traffic, more than
I75 per day connect Pittsburgh with cities and towns
within a radius of over Ioo miles, and includes an adequate number of through trains between all the large
cities of the East and West. Sixteen trains leave Union
Station daily for Philadelphia and New York; eight for
Baltimore and Washington; twelve for Chicago; nine to
Cleveland; seven to St. Louis; four to Cincinnati; three
to Toledo, and three to Buffalo.  All are high-class
trains-the Pennsylvania standard-and make all the
cities that are served near neighbors of Pittsburgh.
Some notable improvements of the passenger train
service became effective in I906, when, in May, "The
New York Express" and "The Pennsylvania Day Express" were inaugurated as nine-hour daylight trains between the Hudson and the Ohio Rivers. "The Quaker
City Express," a popular afternoon train across the Keystone State, "The Buffalo Special" and the "Duquesne
Special" to and from  the Lake City, are important
examples of the prompt and efficient service which
the Pennsylvania System  has provided for increasing
travel.
It has been the policy of the comnpany to establish in
all cities of expanding area passenger stations subsidiary
to the main termninal for the promotion and development
of outlying districts and the better accomnmodation of
suburban residents.  The reconstructions of the handsome and commodious station at East Liberty is in line
with this policy. That station, at which all passenger
trains stop, not only accommodates the increasing population of the East End with convenient railroad facilities
at its doors, but also serves to relieve the pressure on
Union Station. The utilization of the Brilliant Branch
for passenger trains of the Buffalo and Allegheny Division makes East Liberty a very convenient transfer point
to and from the main line, and obviates the necessity of
using Union Station for this purpose.
The new station in Allegheny, just completed at a
cost of $375,000, is one of the most commodious and
convenient suburban stations in the United States. It is
equally advantageous in location for every purpose.
It is apparent from the expenditure of many millions
of dollars for improvements on the Pennsylvania Railroad in the Pittsburgh district, within the past few years,
that this great transportation system has not been
unresponsive to the marvelous industrial development
achieved by the aggressive and progressive business spirit
of Greater Pittsburgh. This unprecedented development
is being carefully watched by the management of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, which has ever been ready to
aid in its promotion by the continual betterment of its
system for handling both freight and passenger traffic,
thereby insuring adequate transportation facilities for
the greatest industrial center of the world.
SECTION OF THE CONWAY YARD ON THE FT. WAYNE ROADTHE BUFFALO, ROCHESTER  PITTSBURGH  RAILWAY  CO.-The Rochester   State
Line Railroad Co. secured a charter from the State of
New York on October 6, I869, to build a railroad from
Rochester, N. Y., the northern terninus, southwest
through the Genesee and Wyoming Valleys to Salamanca, N. Y., a distance of one hundred and eight and
one-half miles. The section between Rochester, N. Y.,
and LeRoy, N. Y., 24 IO-IOO miles, was opened for business on September I5, I874. The line to Salamanca was
completed and opened for traffic on May I6, 1878.
When originally commenced, the intention was to build
to the bituminous coal fields of western Pennsylvania,
and the city of Rochester, N. Y., put $'6oo,ooo, and towns along
the line $500,000 into
the enterprise.
In I879 the Vanderbilts acquired the control of the road, intending to make it a connecting link between the
old  Atlantic   Great
Western R. R. (now
Chicago   Erie) and
the New York Central
 Hudson River R. R.
The authorities of the
city of Rochester, concluding that the Vanderbilts w e r e responsible for the comnpany,
and that the original intention of building to
the coal fields had been
abandoned, brought action against the company and the Vanderbilts for upwards of
one 1nillion dollars, and
at the same time the
contractor commenced legal proceedings for a large
amount. These actions were tried and dismissed by the
court. Finding that it was impossible to obtain an undisputed title to the property without long and tedious litigation, the Vanderbilts abandoned the road, and default
being made on the bonds, a foreclosure was commenced,
and Mr. Sylvanus J. Macy appointed receiver on February 23, I880.  In January, I88I, the property was
sold under foreclosure proceedings, and reorganized by
Walston H. Brown  Bros., of New York, bankers, under the name of the Rochester  Pittsburgh Railroad Co.
In 1884 the road again passed into the hands of a
receiver, Walston H. Brown, by reason of a default on
its second mortgage bonds. Sale under foreclosure proceedings took place in October, I885, when the property
was purchased by Mr. Adrian Iselin, of New York, and
associates, and reorganized under the name of the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway Co., its present
title.
To furnish an independent outlet from Lincoln Park,
N. Y., to Charlotte, N. Y., and Lake Ontario points, a
distance of IO.30 miles, the Lincoln Park  Charlotte
R. R. Co. was organized December I, I888, and the line
completed August I2, I889. The cost was provided for
by issue of $Ioo,ooo stock purchased by the B. R.  P.
Ry., and $350,000 5 per cent. bonds sold at par. The
road was leased for 99 years upon the guaranty of principal and interest on the
bonds. On December 5,
i 889, the line was legally merged into the
present companv.
To connect the property eastbound via N.
Y. C.  H. R. R. R.
with the Reading Systemn, the Clearfield 
Mahoning Railway Co.
was organized'May 3I,
I892, to construct the
link  f ro m  DuBois
Junction, Pa., to Clearfield, Pa., a distance of
25.87 miles. The cost
was provided for by the
sale of $650,000 5 per
cent. bonds, and $750,ooo  stock.  In  May,
I893, the line was conpleted and leased for its
corporate existence by
guaranteeing the principal and interest on the
bonds and annutal dividend of 6 per cent. on
the stock.
The Mahoning Valley Railroad Company, organized
October 14, I89o, extending from Stanley, Pa., to Helvetia, Pa., 1.89 miles, together with its rolling stock, was
leased May I, I896, for the term of its corporate existence at an annual rental of $I5,000.
On January 22, 1898, a charter was taken out for the
Allegheny  Western Railway Company to complete the
link from Punxsutawney, Pa., to Butler, Pa., a distance
of 59.57 miles, which with trackage rights secured over
the Pittsburgh  Western R. R., for 81.44  iles, connected the property at New Castle, Pa., and Pittsburgh,
Pa., with the Baltimore  Ohio System and connections.
The cost was provided for by the sale of $2,000,000 4
per cent. bonds, and $3,000,000 stock.  The line was
ARTHUR G. YATESopened on September 4, I899, and leased by guaranteeing the principal and interest on the bonds, and annual
dividend of 6 per cent. on the stock.
In order to open up new  coal fields, the Indiana
Branch, 63.02 miles in length, was built and placed in
operation on July I, I904. Trackage rights were also
received over the Pennsylvania R. R. for I8.23 miles
to coal lands farther south.  The cost, $2,436,714.84,
was provided for by the sale of B. R.  P. Ry. common
stock.
Honored and respected by all, there is no llan in
Rochester who occupies a more enviable position than
Arthur G. Yates in commercial and financial circles, not
alone on account of the brilliant success he has achieved,
but also on account of the honorable, straightforward
business policy he has ever followed. He possesses untiring energy, is quick of perception, formts his plans
readily, and is determined in their execution, and his
close  application
to business an d, h i s
excellent  managemnent
have brought to him the
high degree of prosperity which is to-day his.
Arthur G. Yates was
b o r n in Factoryville,
n ow  E a s t Waverly,
New York, December
I8, I843, and is a representative of a distinguished English family.
H i s grandfather, Dr.
William  Yates, was
born at Sapperton, near
Burton-on-Trent, England, in  I767, and
stutdclied for the miedical
profession, but n e v e r
engaged in practice.  Being the eldest son of his
father's family, he inherited the estate and the title
of baronet.  Throughout his life he was distinguished
as a philanthropist.  He was a cousin of Sir John
Howard, the philanthropist, and  Sir Robert Peel,
the statesman, and was himself one of the most
nrotecl benefactors in England at that time.  At his
own expense he built and conducted an asylum  for
paupers and for the treatment of the insane at Burtonon-Trent.  In I792 he crossed the Atlantic to Philadelphia, and was the first to introduce vaccination in this
country-a work to which he devoted much time and
money. In I8oo he returned to England, but soon afterward again came to America, and from Philadelphia, in
company with Judge Cooper and Judge Franchot and
General Morris, he ascended the Susquehanna River to
Unadilla, Butternut Creek Valley. On that trip he met
Hannah Palmer, the daughter of a prominent settler,
and after the marriage of the young couple they returned
to England, spending two years in his native land. Having disposed of his estate, Sapperton, to his brother
Harry, Dr. Yates came once m1ore to the United States
and purchased a large estate at Butternuts, now the town
of Morris, Otsego County, New York, where he spent
his remaining days, his death occurring when he was
in his ninetieth year.  He was widely respected and
esteemed. He spent a large fortune in carrying out his
benevolent ideas, and many there were who had reason
to remember him with gratitude for his timely assistance.
HEe possessed the broadest humanitarian views, and his
kindly sympathy was manifest in a most generous, but
unostentatious, charity, and humanity gained thereby.
Judge Arthur Yates, his eldest son, was born at Butternuts, now Morris, New York, February 7, I807,
acquired a common-school education, and in I832 located at Factoryville, New  York, where he engaged
in 1erchandising an d
lumlbering,  extensively
carrying  on  business
along these 1 i n e s for
thirty years. He was
an active and enterprising citizen and did 1uch
to upbuild the beautiful
village in which he
ni a d e h i s home.  In
1838 he was appointed
Judge of Tioga County,
New York. He was
prolninent in financial
circles, where his word
was recognized as good
as his bond. With banking and other business
interests in Waverly
he was actively connected, and was also prominent and influential in social,
educational and church circles. His life was very helpful to those with whom he camne in contact, and he enjoyed the unqualified regard of all. In January, I836,
Judge Yates was united in marriage to Miss Jerusha
Washburn, a daughter of Jeba Washburn, of Otsego
County, New York, and they became the parents of seven
children. The Judge died in I880, but the influence of
his life and labors is yet felt for good in the commnunity
in which he made his home and where the circle of his
friends was almost co-extensive with the circle of his
acquaintances.
Arthur G. Yates, the fourth member of the family
of Jutidge Yates, pursued his literary education in his
native town and afterwards studied in various academies.
In March, I865, he became a resident of Rochester, and
here accepted a position with the Anthracite Coal Conpany, with which he remained for two years, during
BUFFALO, ROCIHESTER  PITTSBURGH RAILWAY CO. BUILDING,
ROCHESTER, N. Y.T H  E   S T  O  R Y   O  F   P I T T  S`--' B U  R G H    315
organizations. He is the oldest warden of St. Paul's
Episcopal Church, having held the office for a quarter
of a century, and at one time he was trustee of the University of Rochester. His interest in his fellow men is
deep and sincere and arises from a humanitarian spirit
which has prompted his support and co-operation with
many movements and enterprises for the general good.
John F. Dinkey, auditor and treasurer, was born
October I6, I 854, at South Easton, Pa. He entered
railway service April I, 1874, since then he has been
consecutively to August, I878, chief clerk of the freight
and coal departments of the Lehigh  Susquehanna division of the Central R. R. of New Jersey; August, I878,
to February, I88I, chief clerk general manager's office
New York Elevated R. R.; February, I88I, to January,
I889, auditor and assistant treasurer Rochester  Pittsburgh R. R. and its successor, the Buffalo, Rochester 
Pittsburgh Railway; January, I890, to date, auditor and
treasurer of same road and its affiliated companies.
William T. Noonan, general manager, was born July
I2, I 870, at Waverly, Minn. Educated in the public
schools at Minneapolis. Entered railway service I888
as clerk in the purchasing department of the Minneapolis
 S t. Louis Railway, since then he has been consecutively, May, I890, to April, I 892, clerk in the car accounting department; April, I 892, to June, I894, chief
clerk to superintendent of telegraph of the same road;
June, I894, to May, I900, chief clerk to general superintendent; May, I900, to June, I902, chief clerk to general manager and vice-president same road; June, I 902,
to June, 1904, superintendent in charge of operating department same road; June to November, 1904,special
representative of operating department Erie Railroad;
November, I 904, to July I, I906, general superintendent
of the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway; July I,
I906, to date, general manager.
Jacob M. Floesch, chief engineer, was born December I2, I857. He was educated in the public schools
and entered the railway service October, 1881, since
which time he has been consecutively, to January, 1884,
transitman and assistan t engineer Rochester  Pittsburgh
Railroad; July, 1884, to November, I885, draftsman
Rochester Bridge  Iron Works at Rochester, N. Y.;
December, 1885, to October, 1891, assistant chief engineer Rochester  Pittsburgh Railroad and its successor,
the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway, the change
in name having taken place in March, I887; November,
1891, to January, I 892, chief engineer Johnsonburg 
Bradford R. R.; July, 1892, to September, 1894, chief
engineer Clearfield  Mahoning Railway; October, I894,
to December,  I907, engineer in charge of reconstruction
of lines Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway in
Pennsylvania; January, I898, to August, I899, chief
engineer Allegheny  Western Railway; September to
December, I899, superintendent of the Pittsburgh division of the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway;
which time he gained a thorough knowledge of the business. On the expiration of that period he began dealing
in coal on his own account and has since been connected
with the trade, being now one of the most extensive
dealers in the entire country. He has extended his shipments into northern and western States, and has erected
immense shipping docks at Charlotte, the port of
Rochester.  A  contemporary biographer said of him:
"Arthur G. Yates is pre-eminently a coal man, managing a railroad line simply for the purpose of getting his
goods to market. As a member of the old firm Bell,
Lewis  Yates he achieved great success in the coal
trade, and as their shipments were largely over the
Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railroad, he arranged
to get control of that line, which he did. Later he retired from the firm, and while carrying on a personal
business at Rochester, he became interested in the
Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal  Iron Co., a concern
that had been formed by certain stockholders of the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railroad Co. Increasing
the importance of the Rochester  Pittsburgh, he soon
had the satisf'actio n of buying up the business of Bell,
Lewis  Yates and adding the property of his f ormer
partners to the aff airs then under his control.  Since
that time the combined business, together with the railroad affairs, have been managed by Mr. Yates with
marked success, so that the railway company is now
paying dividends, although for many years no returns
were made. The total capitalization of the various railroad and mining corporations of which Mr. Yates is
president is about forty-two millions. The increase in
the market value of the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh
Railroad has been eleven million dollars, and the business of the road has grown from a tonnage of I,770,219
in 1889 to 6,77I,040 tons of freight in 1901, while the
passenger business of the road had increased in the same
relative proportion-a larger proportionate growth than
that of any other railroad in the United States.  The
rolling stock, including all locomotives, cars, etc., was
in I890 five thousand seven hundred and fifty-one, and
in I90I was ten thousand six hundred and fifteen. The
gross earnings of the road in 1889 were $2,021,590.68,
while in I9OI the amount of $5,830,6I8 was reached.
The mining operations have now reached six million
tons annually.
On the 26th of December, 1866, Mr. Yates was married to Miss Virginia L. Holden, a daughter of Roswell
Holden, of Watkins, N. Y., and unto them have been
born six children: Frederick W., Harry, Florence,
Arthur and Howard L., both deceased, and Russell P.
Their home is a beautiful residence on South Fitzhugh
Street.
Socially Mr. Yates is connected with the Genesee
Valley Club, the Ellicott Square Club of Buffalo, the
Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh, and the Transportation
Club and Midday Club of New York, all very importantJanuary, I9oo, to date, chief engineer.  In every position Mlr. Floesch has ably perfomed its duties.
Robert W. Davis, freight traffic manager, was born
July I8, 1857, at Union Square, Oswego County, N. Y.
He entered the railway service in I871, since then he
has been consecutively to  I872 apprentice Syracuse
Northern R. R. (now  Rome, Watertown  Ogdensburg R. R.); 1872 to I876, telegraph operator; 1876
to I880, station agent; I88o to 1882, train dispatcher
and traveling auditor; June, I882, to April, 1884, train
dispatcher Rochester  Pittsburgh Railroad (now Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh Railway); April, I884, to
July, I892, traveling freight agent and chief clerk of
the general freight department; July  II, 1892, to
July I, I907, general freight
agent; July I, 1907, to date,
freight traffic manager.
Edward C. Lapey, general passenger agent, was
born January 21, I86o, at
Niagara Falls, N. Y. Educated  in the  c o mmon
schools.  Entered  railway
service October, I876, as
ticket agent and telegraph
operator union ticket office
at Buffalo, N. Y., since
then he has been consecutively,  August,  I882, to
July, I892, clerk and chief
clerk in the general pass e n g e r department, and
traveling  passenger  agent
R o c h e s t e r  Pittsburgh
Railroad; July I I, I 892, to
date, g e n e r a 1 passenger
agent Buffalo, Rochester 
Pittsburgh Railway, successor to the Rochester 
Pittsburgh Railroad. In his
various positions Mr. Lapey
has invariably brought into play the elements of success.
THE BESSEMER  LAKE ERIE RAILROAD
-The rise and growth of the Bessemer  Lake Erie
Railroad from the time of its inception ten years ago
is far beyond the dreams of the most sanguine of its
promoters.
In I896 Andrew Carnegie conceived the idea of acquiring the Shenango  Lake Erie Railroad, at that time
a poorly equipped line laid with light rails, running from
Conneaut Harbor to Butler, with a branch to Erie. His
idea was to extend the line from Butler to Braddock,
Homestead and Duquesne, reconstruct the old line, and
lay the whole with Ioo-poundc rails, and thus have an
independent route for the movement of ore from Lake
Erie to the works of the Carnegie Steel Company at the
above-named points, connecting up the ore-carrying
problem through from the mines in Minnesota to the
blast furnaces in the Pittsburgh district under one
ownership, the Carnegie Company having already ventured into ownership of railroads, vessels on the lakes,
and mining properties in the Northwest.
It was thought by some and colnmented upon by
others at the time that the project would be a failure
in that the rate would not be sufficient for the Bessemer
to come out whole, all of which has been proved asutterly
without warrant, as shown by the earnings each year since
the extension was completed. By those who had the
whole scheme to work out,
the theory, by which they
sought to solve the problem.
was to double the weight of
the train-load, thereby reducing the dead weight to
a point somnewhere near the
live weight, and thus be
able to reduce the carrying
cost per ton to a figure far
below  anything before
known.  This plan  could
only be carried out by increasing the carrying capacity of the cars, hence the
birth of the steel car and
the establishment of the gigantic industries that are
now to be found turning out
these cars by the thousands
every year.
The Bessemer  Lake
Erie Railroad, as can be
shown, is the pioneer in the
use of steel cars on a large
scale. To-day the mnaterials
used by car companies for
construction of steel cars for the various roads in the
country runs into millions of tons annually.  In I896
there were exhibited at Saratoga convention two oo00,000pound-capacity steel hopper cars, built at the Keystone
Bridge Works of the Carnegie Company, and these two
cars have been in continuous service on the Bessemer
road since that time.
The president of the road was convinced at once that
the heavy tonnage the road would be required to handle
could only be done in cars of this class, as wooden cars
could not stand up under the strain, and on March 26,
I897, the first contract for building steel cars was signed
by the Bessemer  Lake Erie Railroad and the Schoen
Pressed Steel Company for 6oo steel hopper cars. This
EDWARD HI-. UTLEY
President of the Bessemer  Lake Erie RailroadBESSEMER  LAKE ERIE R. R. DOCKS, CONNEAUT HARBOR, OHIO.-BRIDGE OVER THE ALLEGHENY RIVER, BELOW CHESWICK, PA. BESSEMER  LAKE ERIE R. R.BESSEMER  LAKE ERIE R. R. DOCKS, CONNEAUT HARBOR, OHIOthe bank's own money and capital was insufficient, and
the capital stock was increased until to-day it is $6oo,ooo, with a surplus of $700,000 and undivided profits of
$ 5o,ooo.  The deposits are $3,500,000, and the loans
$3,700,000. This bank has always shown a steady, uniform advancement in securing its part of the improved
business of Pittsburgh. It went through the memorable
financial panic of 1873 with flying colors.
During the extraordinary conditions that existed in
the stringency of I893 and I894 the scarcity of money
was such that not only banks, but cities actually suspended payment, and banks were obliged to resort to the
practice of allowing a
man  to  draw   only
against his balance by
checks, which were
stamped  "payable  only
t h r o u g h the clearing
house."  But the  Lincoln National Bank did
not have to resort to this
practice.  In these days
of prosperity the condition  referred  to  can
hardly be conceived, and
it is a stern reminder of
what may arise in the
financial world.
The first president of
this bank was the late
Capt. C. W. Bachelor,
and the first cashier was
George  C. M cLean,
father  of the  present
president.  C. B. McLean, the present president, has been with the
institution since its inception and has filled all
the positions from messenger boy to president.
The late W. R. Christian
was connected with the
bank  for 25 years as
teller, assistant cashier and cashier. The present officers
besides Mr. McLean are all experienced bankers, namely,
C. M. Gerwig, vice-president, and the following directors:
Hon. J. A. Evans, H. P. Dilworth, W. C. King, E. H.
Utley, Geo. A. McLean, Isaac E. Hirsch, James T. Armstrong, Alfred R. Neeb, James A. Huston, James H.
Beal, C. M. Gerwig, Geo. E. McCague and C. B. McLean.
MELLON  NATIONAL BANK--Founding a bank
after middle life and living to see it become one of the
very strongest financial institutions in the land is a remarkable achievement. It is probably more difficult than
winning the original capital. To perform one feat may
be the lot of other men; to do both remained for Thomas
Mellon.
Judge Mellon was born in Ireland in 1813.  His
parents settled in Westmoreland County, Pa., in I818.
The son's hard work on the farm  was varied by short
terms at subscription schools.  He worked his way
through the Western University of Pennsylvania, and
was admitted to the bar when his practice became successful from the start. In I859 he was elevated to the
bench of common pleas court, a position he held for ten
years before voluntarily
retiring to engage in the
banking  business.  In
1870 he opened the private bank of T. Mellon
  Sons, which has
grown to the enormous
proportions of the Mellon National Bank.
In July, I902, the
banking business of T.
Mellon  Sons was sold
to the Mellon National
Bank, a newly chartered
corporation with a capital of two million dollars.  In March, I903,
the bank absorbed the
Pittsburgh N a t i o n a 1
Bank of Commerce with
its deposits of $5,87I,ooo, and when its capital was increased  to
$4,000,000 in January,
I904, the institution became indeed a bank of
national prominence and
influence.  In  I903  a
complete foreign department was opened, and
the bank now claims to
be able to meet all re-.
quirements of merchants, manufacturers and banKers a:
home or abroad, regardless of the magnitude of the demand.
RESOURCES.
Loans and investent securities....... $25,996,274.83
Overdrafts........................               152.30
United States and other bonds........              6,407,ooo.oc
Cash.........................          3,463,257-01
Due  from  banks...............    5,95I,59I1.31
$41,8I8,275.45
MELLON NATIONAL BANK3I8  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S. B U R G Hsuperiority of wood over steel for ties, that does not
answer the question as to what is to be done in the very
near future in obtaining wooden ties to meet the demands of all the roads. Great as this country is, and
vast as are its resources, the demands on the forests
have made such inroads on the timber supply that it
has become a serious question as to how much longer the
forests can be drawn upon for cross ties. The Bessemer,
anticipating this condition, commenced three years ago
by laying an experimental section of half a mile of steel
ties, and after due time had elapsed to test their efficiency,
placed an order for I05,000 in the year I906, and followed it in I907 with an order for I40,000 steel ties.
These have been used for new work and renewals. Nothing has occurred in their use to change the opinion formed
by the experimental tests that the ties are a good substitute for wood, and,  in fact, more economical in that
even if they lasted no longer they will always have a
scrap value equal to nearly hal f the purchase price,
whereas wooden ties when removed are piled up and
burned.
There are now over go miles of steel ties in use by
the Bessemer road, and it is the intention of the roa(l
management to continue the purchase until the whole line
will be laid with steel, unless in the meantime a substitute is f ound that is better in every respect and more
economical.
It is interesting at this time to glance back over a
period of ten years and note the changes that have taken
place in that time in the important feature of cheaper and
better transportation.
The first year that the Bessemer  Lake Erie Railroad was opened through (1897), the ore tonnage was
500,428 net tons, with a tonnage over the line of I,I5I,ooo tons. This has grown at the rate of about a million
and a half tons each year, until in I906 the ore tonnage
was 5,954,000 tons, and the total tonnage was I0,47I,000 tons, showing an increase during the ten years
of nearly one thousand per cent.
Interesting statistics could be worked out as to what
all of this would represent in miles of trains reaching
from somewhere to somewhere else, which are not particularly interesting; but to the man handling it and
overseeing the details it means plenty of brain and muscle,
to say nothing of brain fag; and all of this merely goes
with the daily events of life that, while they are of
moment to-day, are forgotten to-morrow in the strife
for something greater.
The tonnage to-day could not be transported in the
ordinary wooden equipment in use ten years ago, when
the average train-load was not more than 400 tons, whereas now it reaches I,ooo; and the large number of blast
furnaces that have been built in the Pittsburgh district
would never have been needed, as the ore could not
have been transported.  It will be equally interesting
to watch the development in the next ten years, at which
contract was the beginning of the development of the
large-capacity steel cars on a large scale.
Assuming a standard ore train on the Bessemer road
made up of forty steel hopper cars as a basis, the total
ore load would amount to 2,200 tons, or an average of
fifty-five net tons per car, and-the advantages of the
steel car over the wooden type then in use, of a capacity
of twenty-five tons each, are quite clearly defined. The
vital point in net cost of transportation being, directly
dependent upon the relation of live and dead load, in
which cost is involved economy in tractive resistance
and in fuel and steam consumption, reduction in train
crew forces, reduction in traction mileage, a less number of cars to handle and repair, and reduction in equipment of cars, wheels, axles and so on down to a saving
of track equipment-all of these advantages were apparent during the early stages of the development of the
steel car, and amounts to a very large increase in the ratio
of paying freight to the total load hauled.
Since the placing of the first order for steel cars in
I896 the Bessemer has purchased on an average about
I,ooo cars per annum, until now there are nearly Io,ooo
in use on this line in ore and coal-carrying trade, representing an investment of at least $I0,000,000.
When the road was surveyed and constructed it was
done with a knowledge as to what a railroad should be
in the Pittsburgh section to make the best freight rates.
The cost as to fills, cuts, bridges and trestles, usually
looked to first by railroad systems, was not regarded by
this corporation; these things were subservient to the
main thought-that of constructing a road on - which
the heaviest trains could be moved with the least power.
To secure a maximum grade of thirty-one feet per mile
south, and thirty-nine feet per mile north through this
region, and to avoid neither cut, fill, trestle nor bridge,
required nerve and money. The Bessemer  Lake Erie
people have both.  The line was constructed through
fifty cuts, two trestles, and over seventeen bridges. The
Allegheny River is spanned by a bridge one hundred feet
above the water level, and three thousand three hundred
and fifty-nine feet in length.  Of all the engineering
feats performed on the road this was doubtless the most
remarkable.
The development of the heavy traffic carried with it
naturally a heavier class of motive power, and the engines used by the Bessemer in hauling the ore from
Conneaut Harbor to the top of the hill were for several
years the largest and most powerful in the world. Recent developments in larger-capacity locomotives by the
Atchison, the Baltimore  Ohio, and the Erie roads,
however, have gone beyond the ones in use by the Bessemer, but the pioneer spirit still prevails, and it may
not be long before something will be done in the line of
increasing the heaviest engines yet built.
The Bessemer is also in the van in regard to the use
of steel ties. Whatever may be said in regard to theT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    319
time an altogether different story may be told, but it is
saf e to say it will be a good one.
STREET RAILWAYS
REAL ESTATE VALUES RAPIDLY RISE AS STREET RAILWAYS OPEN
NEW TERRITORY
The rapid transit f acilities of Greater Pittsburgh are
under the exclusive control of the Pittsburgh Railways
Company, a subsidiary of the Philadelphia Company.
The Pittsburgh Railways was formerly the Southern
Traction Company, but on December 3I, I9OI, the present title of the company was adopted by a vote of the
directors. The underlying companies composing the system numbered 13, and these were the outgrowth of nearly
as many more smaller companies operating under independent charters. The system covers 5I8 miles within
the limits of the greater city, and in the fiscal year I907
more than 200,ooo,ooo paying passengers were carried.
The Pittsburgh Railways Company also controls the
Beaver Valley Traction Company and the Washington 
Cannonsburg Railway Company, which are operated separately.
The Pittsburgh Railways Company also has a connection at Duquesne with the system of the West Penn
Railways, covering 140 miles of territory in the Connellsville coke region, which is the largest interurban traction
system in western Pennsylvania.
Electricity was first introduced on the street railways
of the greater city on the Observatory Hill branch of the
Federal Street  Pleasant Valley Railway Company, now
a link in the general system. The evolution in the rapid
transit field was from horse-car to underground cable,
and from the latter to the overhead trolley, and at the
present time the entire system is now successfully operated by electricity.
The general contour of the business section of the
city is not unlike that of New York, and the great success of the underground rapid transit system of the
Metropolis suggested the solution of the congested traffic
in Pittsburgh. A strong effort was made to obtain franchises f or an underground road here in I 907 without
success, but that such relief from the overcrowded trolleys must be provided in the near future is unquestioned.
THE PHILADELPHIA COMPANY AND AFFILIATED CORPORATIONS-In one way or another the Philadelphia Company practically serves every
citizen of Pittsburgh.  In addition to this, its services
are extended to neihboring towns and through the adjacent country. It is opportunity capitalized; it is energy
racliated; well does it typify the potency of money.
With the electricity and artificial gas the company produces, the city is lighted. It supplies power to many
manuf acturers.  It controls the  street-car traffic.  In
Pittsburgh and vicinity it operates I20 routes.  Last
year on its cars the company carried 203,4I I,809 passengers. Annually it sells for domestic fuel to 87,689
consumers 36,I9,6702I cubic feet of natural gas.
Possessing assets approximating $65,ooo,ooo, the
Philadelphia Company either owns outright or controls
through the ownership of stock the following named public service corporations:
Consolidated Traction Company, United Traction
Company of Pittsburgh, Chartiers Valley Gas Company,
Pennsylvania Natural Gas Company, South Side Gas
Company, Equitable Gas Company of Pittsburgh, Allegheny Heating Company, Consolidated Gas Company of
the City of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Railways Company,
Pittsburgh  Charleroi Street Railway Co., Mt. Washington Street Railway Company, The Beaver Valley
Traction Company, Washington  Cannonsburg Railway
Co., Union Gas Company of McKeesport, The Allegheny
County Light Company, Southern Heat, Light  Power
Co., East McKeesport Street Railway Company, Braddock Gas  Light Company, Seventeenth Street Incline
Plane Company, Allegheny, Bellevue  Perrysville Railway Co., Fairmont  Grafton Gas Co., Suburban Gas
Company, Ben Avon  Emsworth Street Railway Co.,
Low Pressure Gas Company, Consumers Heating Company, Mansfield  Chartiers Gas Co., The Morningside
Electric Street Railway Company, Mifflin Natural Gas
Company, Tarentum Light  Heat Co., Tustin Street
Railway Company, The Philadelphia Company of West
Virginia.
Through its subsidiaries the Philadelphia Company
now holds, under lease, 448,132 acres of gas land. At
present it is operating about 780 producing wells. To
convey its natural gas supply from the wells to consumers the company utilizes over 2,000  miles of pipe lines.
Besides this, the Allegheny Heating Company has upwards of I60 miles of mains, and the mains of the various subsidiaries that distribute artificial gas are over 370
miles in length. If other arguments failed to convinceone of the greatness of this gas business the fact might
be cited that the company has invested nearly a million
dollars in gas meters. Accordinate
the Philadelphia Company's natural gas sup ply will be
available for at least fifty years more.
In electricity as well as in gas the company makes a
most excellent showing. Its contracts for lighting the
streets of Pittsburgh at the rate of $76 a year for lamnps
of 2,000 canclle-power, to be burned from clusk to dawli,
are aboult the lowest in price obtained by any city in the
UTnitedl States. On Brtinot's Island at a cost of over
$~2,000,000 tile companV  a  installecl th-e larges-t electrical power-house between New York and Chicago. And
other power-plants of the comupany are noted f or the
excellence of their equipmnent ancl service. Rapicl transit
in Pittsbrgh.
delphia Company. The popular trolley routes to and320  T H E   S T 0 R Y   0 F   P I T T S 3 U R G H
through the suburbs are also a part of the Pittsburgh
Railways Company's system. Scarcely an improvement
of recent years keeps pace with the progress of the electric railway. Ubiquitous trolley lines have caused cities
to spread. The electric car makes possible a greater
Pittsburgh. Ere long, from Beaver Falls to Fairchance,
from Butler to the Ohio line, the country around Pittsburgh will be brought in closer touch with the city by
the ever available trolley.
Organized in 1884 with a capital of $1,000,000 to
engage in the production and exploitation of natural
gas, the Philadelphia Company has grown by the simple
process of adding again and again to its industries and
resources, until to-day it is justly regarded as one of
the largest public service corporations in the country.
Though the value of the company's holdings has been
considerably appreciated by the city's increase in wealth
and population, the greatest contribution to the Philadelphia Company's prosperity was procured through what
was done by the men who have so advantageously managed the company's affairs. Abler financiers or officers
who have displayed greater shrewdness in fostering the
interests of their company scarcely could be found anywhere, and the continuous success of the company's
affairs is easily explained.
On the Board of Directors of the Philadelphia Company are: James H. Reed, James D. Callery, George
H. Frazier, H. J. Bowdoin, George E. McCague, Joshua
Rhodes, Patrick Calhoun, Richard Y. Cook, B. S. Guinness and Edwin W. Smith.
The present officers of the company are: President,
James H. Reed; Vice-President, James D. Callery; Secretary, W. B. Carson; Assistant Secretary, J. L. Foster;
Treasurer, C. J. Braun, Jr.; Assistant Treasurer, J. W.
Murray; Auditor, C. S. Mitchell; General Manager,
Joseph F. Guffey; General Superintendent, J. K. Beatty;
General Contracting and Purchasing Agent, Matthew
Bigger; Land Agent, W. R. Truby.
TI-IE PITTSBURGH RAILWAYS COMPANY-"For convenience of operation the different railways have been
united under an agreement by which they are operated
by the Pittsburgh Railways Company, the stock of which
is held wholly by the Philadelphia Company." Comprised in the Pittsburgh Railway System are upwards
of 5oo miles of track over which the company operates
abput 2,ooo cars. As shown by the last annual report
of the company the gross earnings of the Pittsburgh
Railways for the year amounted to $10,232,6I9.88. The
car mileage for the same period totaled 36,125,0I4 miles.
The earnings per car mile are placed at $.2791. The
officers of the Pittsburgh Railways Company are: President, James D. Callery; Vice-President, James H. Reed;
Second Vice-President, S. L. Tone; Secretary, W. B.
Carson; Assistant Secretary, J. L. Foster; Treasurer, C.
J. Braun, Jr.; Assistant Treasurer, J. W. Murray; Auditor, C. S. Mitchell; General Superintendent, John
Murphy; Chief Engineer, F. Uhlenhaut, Jr.; Electrical
and Mechanical Engineer, P. N. Jones.
ALLEGHENY COUNTY LIGHT COMPANY-With the
exception that R. S. Orr is the General Superintendent,
the principal officers of the Allegheny County Light
Company are identically the same as those of the Pittsburgh Railways Company.
As to the efficiency and cheapness of the Allegheny
County Light Company's service, there is strong and
abundant testimony.  So sure is the company of its
position in this respect, that it cites, to advocates of
municipal ownership, the considerably increased cost of
electric lighting in cities that invested in municipal lightplants.
THE PITTSBURGH  B UTLER STREET
RAILWAY CO.-More than a century ago, from Pittsburgh to Butler was built a highway which was afterwards called the "Butler Plank Road."  Over this roacl,
in the days gone by, from Butler to Pittsburgh was a
day's journey. Now in a luxuriously appointed Pullman
on a "Pittsburgh-Butler Short Line Limited" electric
train one can make the trip easily and with, absolute
saf ety in about an hour.
Via the Sixth Street bridge, through Allegheny,
from Pittsburgh to Butler, by way of Etna, Undercliff, Glenshaw, Allison Park, Gibsonia, Valencia
and Mars, the length of the new electric line is
38.51 miles, of which  5.4  miles  ( from  Pttsburgh
to Etna ) are over the tracks of the Pittsburgh Railways Company.  To  begin  with, the  route  is such
as to permit of the operation of an economical schedule that cannot be equalled by any present or future
competitor, either  steam or  electric.   The  roadbed
is safe above the reach of floods.  For the entire distance all rights of way have been taken at standard
widths, to give ample room for double-tracking and sidings.  Solidity and permanence of construction characterize every foot of the line. The roadbed is noted for
its excellent drainage features. The grading and track
work were done by experienced and practical steamrailroad engineers and mechanics.  All curves were
spiraled and elevated according to the most improved
methods. The ties are of the best white oak obtainable,
spaced 24-inch centers, and ballasted with stone. The
rails are 75 pounds per yard, as adopted by the American
Society of Civil Engineers, and standardized by all manufacturers throughout the United States.
All crossings of railroads or public highways at
grade wherever possible have been eliminated. But very
few bridges are called for; yet in its bridge-construction,
as in other things, the company has demonstrated its
thoroughness and disregard of expense. All bridges are
of standard steel and concrete construction, thoroughly
tested before erection and after completion.  Designed
and built to meet every requirement of present useand future development were these bridges.  In perfect
safety over them for years to come may be hauled the
heaviest-loaded freight-cars, if desired. Even the viaducts for the small streams are of steel and concrete.
Throughout the line every provision has been made for
safety and economical maintenance.
The company's overhead electrical construction is unsurpassed on any electrical railroad now  in operation.
It was put up by the Westinghouse Electric  Manufacturing Co., and is known as their Catenary system.
The trolley is oooo wire. This is supported by a steel
cable every ten feet throughout the entire length of the
line, and it is impossible for a car to become entangled
with any section of the trolley in the event of a break.
The Westinghouse single-phase alternating system
was adopted for the road because it does entirely away
with costly substation installation and maintenance of
heavy copper feed-lines saving enormous first cost and
interest for copper charges, giving a highler trolley
voltage with less line loss and greater power for motor
consumption.
The cars, made by the Niles Car  Manufacturing
Co., used on the line are the finest "electric Pullmans"
built to-day. Possessing every convenience and the most
approved safety devices, each car is equipped with four
Ioo-H.-P. motors.  On trial runs these cars have been
able to maintain an average speed of 48 miles per hour
for a distance of 20 miles, the extent of the test. The
cars are air-controlled.
A complete steam-railroad train-order system is employed by the dispatcher's office, private telephones being
used from booths located at each switch and the termini.
The conipany has taken especial care to place its cars in
the charge of experienced and trustworthy men. Every
appliance and precaution which makes for the safety
and comfort of the passengers have been adopted despite
expense, and it may be said truthfully that the "Pittsburgh and Butler Short Line" is one of the safest and
most convenient railways in the country.
Limited trains leave Pittsburgh, corner Penn Avenue
and Sixth Street, for Butler every two hours from 8:24
A. M. until 8:24 P. M., which mnake but four stops.
Theater train leaves at II:15 P. M. Also, local trains
from Etna every hour from 7:52 A. 1nI. until 9:52 P. M.
Local trains make all stops.
So popular have these trains proved to be that the
company has been, at this early date, compelled to increase considerably its car capacity.  New cars of the
most approved pattern, to be delivered as soon as possible, have been ordered and will be delivered to the cornpany at an early date.
Under the new law the Pittsburgh  and Butler Street
Railway Company is authorized to carry freight, and
Wells, Fargo  Co. operate their express business to all
points on the lines of this company.
THE WEST PENN RAILWAYS COMPANYThe West Penn Railways Company was organized February 17, I904, under the laws of Pennsylvania, and is
the consolidation of several street-car lines and lighting
companies in various important cities and towns in the
Connellsville coke region and along the Monongahela
River from Brownsville to McKeesport. All its properties were acquired only after the most thorough examination by legal, engineering and accounting experts.
The directors and principal officers are New York and
Pittsburgh men of known financial standing and worth.
The consolidated system of electric railways has a
length of I43.4I miles, three-fourths on private right-ofway, and comprising the West Penn Interurban Railways Company, the Pittsburgh, McKeesport  Connellsville Railway Co., and the Greensburgh  Southern Electric Street Railway Co. It has recently purchased the
lines of the Latrobe Street Railways Co. These properties are located in Allegheny, Westmoreland, WashingTYPE OF THE MODERN AND ELEGANT CARS USED BY THE PITTSBURGH AND BUTLER STREET RAIIWAY COMP-'ANY32 2T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
It has I6,ooo telephones, and a switchboard capacity of
35,000 calls, and in the fiscal year I907 reported that it
had handled more than 60,000,000 telephone calls. The
great majority of the capital in both companies is held
by local investors.
THE CENTRAL DISTRICT  PRINTING TELEGRAPH CO.-The public telephone in Pittsburgh
dates from the opening of the first exchange of The
Central District  Printing Telegraph Co. on January I,
I879. The first telephone installed was a private line
from the old auction rooms of D. F. Henry in Wood
Street to the First National Bank. The first three subscribers were J. McDonald Crossan, then proprietor of
the Monongahela House; W. G. Johnston  Co., printers,
and Joseph D. Weeks, publisher of a trade paper. In
less than a month there were 42 subscribers. On July 4,
200 subscribers were receiving the service, and at the
end of that year another switchboard was installed with
a capacity for 600 subscribers. In the latter part of 1880
the company installed one of the first multiple boards ever
put in operation, and the Allegheny and East Liberty
offices were erected.
From that time forward the history of the Bell telephone has been the history of Pittsburgh. Every new
invention for improving telephone operations has been
quickly adopted to make the service thoroughly efficient.
In recent years the growth in number of subscribers has
been phenomenal.
The Central District  Printing Telegraph Co. was
originally incorporated in the State of New York April
I4, I874, to own and construct a line or lines of electric
telegraph, etc., thus antedating the invention of the telephone. The route of the line, as defined in the articles
of incorporation, was from Jamestown, N. Y., to Mansfield, O., to Wheeling, W. Va., to Pittsburgh, Pa. The
company was engaged, for a time, in building electric
telegraph lines in Pittsburgh and vicinity, leasing them
to firms and individuals. These Morse instruments were
superseded by the Gray automatic printing telegraph instruments, and these in turn gave way to telephones.
Among interesting statisti cs of this company are
these: Operates in I9 counties in Pennsylvania, I2 in
Ohio and I8 in West Virginia, and has connection with
trunk lines to all parts of the United States; number of
exchanges, 593; number of public stations, 5,I29, length
of subways, 100 miles; length of ducts in subways, 665
miles; length of aerial and underground wires, 190,298
miles; number of employees, 3,3I5; yearly compensation
of employees, $I,788,598.86. The authorized capital
stock $I5,000,000, of which $II,000,000 has been
issued and paid in. Gross revenue for the year ended
June 30, I906, was $3,6I9,305.09. Gross expenses for
the same period were $2,750,325. I6, leaving a net revenue of $868,979.93.
The company's officers are: President, D. Leet Wilton and Fayette Counties. The possession by this company in many places of the only feasible routes ensures
a practical monopoly of the traction business in this section.
The West Penn Railways Company, through its
ownership of the entire capital stock of the corporations
holding the municipal lighting franchises, controls the
lighting of Manor, Irwin, Jeannette, Greensburgh, Mt.
Pleasant, Scottdale, Connellsville, Dawson, Uniontown,
Latrobe, Derry, Fairchance, Masontown, New Salem,
Brownsville, California, Roscoe, Fayette City, Belle
Vernon, Monessen, Charleroi, Donora, Monongahela
City, Elizabeth and Dravosburg. In this field the company is without competition, and the earnings are rapidly increasing. Power is furnished to many manufacturing concerns, mines and coke ovens for haulage, lighting and pumping. Its power station is of the best modern type of construction, all the essentials of cheap production and distribution are embodied in the equipment
and location of this plant.
This company has made great strides during the past
year both in the acquirement of new properties and in
the increase of revenues. The current year shows an increase in earnings of more than sixteen per cent. over
the previous year, and there is probably no interurban
proposition in the United States that has such possibilities of a large and increasing business. After all the extensions have been made that are now contemplated and
the high-tension lines have been extended to reach the
properties of the electric lighting companies recently acquired, the West Penn Railways Company will be able
to bring up their properties to their highest efficiency,
and they will have, from the standpoint of earnings, the
largest and most successful railway and lighting concern
in the United States.
TELEPHONE COMPANIES
WHAT WOULD WE DO WERE THE BUSINESS WORLD DEPRIVED
OF THE TELEPHONE?
The Central District  Printing Telegraph Co., operating under the Bell system, was the pioneer in the Pittsburgh field in the telephone business. It was organized
in I88I, and has steadily grown until in I907 its outstanding capital stock amounted to $13,000,000. Its underground and pole lines are nearly 6,ooo miles in length,
accommodating 285,000 miles of wire. Within its territory it reaches 1,902 cities, towns and boroughs, and it
carries on its pay-rolls 3,317 persons.  The company
operates nearly II4,000 stations, of which nearly 3,000
are private lines.
A lusty competitor, the Pittsburgh  Allegheny Telephone Co., entered the field in I898, and it has also enjoyed steady growth. At the present time it has outstanding $2,000,000 capital stock, and $I,400,ooo bonds,
and has a property of the estimated value of $5,750,000.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    323`1
Crafton, Ingram and West Pittsburgh; Duquesne, Duquesne; East Pittsburgh, East Pittsburgh; McKees
Rocks, McKees Rocks, Sheriden, Fleming Park and
Esplen; New Kensington, New Kensington, Arnold and
Parnassus; Sewickley, Sewickley; Verona, Verona and
Oakmont; Wilkinsburg, Wilkinsburg and Edgewood.
LIGHT AND POWER
THE BUSINESS OF SUPPLYING HEAT AND POWER A CONSTANTLY
GROWING INDUSTRY
There are two large light and power companies and
one large illuminating gas company in Pittsburgh, all
controlled by the Philadelphia Company. The Allegheny
County Light Company, with a capital of $I,500,000
stock and $500,000 bonds, was organized in I889, and
was the first important enterprise projected to furnish the
city with electric light. It subsequently extended its field
to include the furnishing of power for light machinery.
The Monongahela Light  Power Co., organized ten
years later, has a capital of $I,700,000 stock, and $I,700,ooo bonds. It operates mainly in the eastern suburban
district, a portion of which has become wards of Pittsburgh. The Consolidated Gas Company, with $6,ooo,ooo outstanding stock, and $5,000,000 bonds, was incorporated in I895 for the purpose of merging the various
illuminating gas companies. In addition to these companies all the natural gas companies furnish gas for light
as well as heat, and also for the purpose of operating
gas engines, which have done much to stimulate small
manufacturing companies requiring light machinery.
PENNSYLVANIA LIGHT  POWER CO.-This
company was organized in January, I9OI, with a capital
and capacity which appeared ample for many years to
come. Work upon the erection of its power plant and
the construction of its service wires was begun, but before this was completed, applications for service had
poured in upon it to such an extent that the capacity was
doubled. Again within the year it was doubled again,
and each succeeding year has brought the necessity of
further increasing the capacity, until now, at the close
of six years, what was at first thought to be ample capacity, represents less than ten per cent. of what is now
necessary to meet the requirements of its patrons.
Prior to its advent, the use of electricity in Allegheny
for any purpose was regarded as a luxury. It was used
in but f ew homes and in fewer business houses, the price
being so high and the service inadequate. From the outset of its career, the Pennsylvania Light  Power Co. extended its lines to all parts of the city and announced
that electric current would be supplied to its patrons at a
price approximating one-half of what it was then costing them. The result of this announcement was instantaneous, business houses quickly installed its service, residences promptly followed, until at the present timne it is
son; Vice-President, D. F. Henry; General Manager,
M. H. Buehler; Secretary, John G. Stoakes; Treasurer,
F. M. Stephenson. The directors are: D. Leet Wilson,
president; D. F. Henry, chairman National Fireproofing
Company; George I. Whitney, of Whitney  Stephenson; Daniel H. Wallace, capitalist; W. B. Schiller, president National Tube Company; J. B. Finley, capitalist;
Henry C. Bugham, president Second National Bankall of Pittsburgh, and F. P. Fish, president American
Telephone  Telegraph Co., and C. Jay French, general
manager The American Bell Telephone Company, both
of Boston, Mass.
THE PITTSB URG  ALLEGHENY TELEPHONE CO.-Unequalled among modern conveniences
not only as an economy of time and money, but as an
advertisement of the alert grasp upon conditions shown
by the firms who are numbered among its subscribers,
the P.  A. Telephone Co. is second to none in its scope
of usefulness in the business world of five States.
Though comparatively a new company (having been in
business scarcely seven years), the growth of its business has been such as to render the position attained by
it among kindred concerns unassailable by any or all
competitors. It has direct long-distance lines in every
direction from the city to points in Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and New York, connecting
with the independent systems of those States, and giving telephone communication to a greater number of
people than can be reached directly by any other system
or systems. In the State of Ohio alone communication
can be had with II9,ooo telephones in excess of all other
companies combined.
The P.  A. Telephone Co. is a corporation with a
capital of $5,000,000, having received its charter April
2I, 1898. It began operating a paid service January I,
I90I. Its officers are as follows: J. G. Splane, president; John S. Weller, vice-president and general counsel;
Robert C. Hall, treasurer; T. G. Davis, secretary and
assistant treasurer.
Its executive offices and "Main" exchange is at Seventh Avenue and Grant Boulevard, Pittsburgh, with additional exchanges as follows: East, Spahr Street, near
Ellsworth, Pittsburgh; Park, Filmore Street, near Utica,
Pittsburgh; Lawrence, Forty-third and Butler Streets,
Pittsburgh; South, Eighteenth and Carson Streets, Pittsburgh; Orchard, Orchard and Georgia, Knoxville,
Montooth Borough, Mt. Oliver and Hill Top, Pittsburgh; North, Park Way and E. Diamond Street, Allegheny; Chester, Beaver Avenue and Adams Street, Allegheny; Stock Yard, Herrs Island, Allegheny; Braddock,
Braddock, N. Braddock, Rankin and Swissvale; Homestead, Homestead, W. Homestead, Munhall, Whitaker
and Hays; McKeesport, McKeesport and Dravosburg;
Bellevue, Bellevue, Avalon, Ben Avon and Ermsworth;
Coraopolis, Coraopolis and Neville Island; Crafton,almost possible to count upon your fingers the business
houses that are not using electricity for illumination.
The company enjoys the distinction of being the only
public service corporation operating in Allegheny City
that pays for the privilege it enjoys from the city, as
it is now paying both a pole tax and a tax upon its gross
receipts.
The principal founder, president and managing head
of the company is Charles Geyer, a native of Allegheny,
and from earliest manlhood engaged in business in Allegheny. Mr. Geyer was the pioneer ice manufacturer of
Allegheny, and became vice-president of the Consolidated
Ice Company upon its formation. In I896 the citizens
of Allegheny, desiring in a mayoralty candidate a broad,
liberal-minded successful business man, prevailed upon
him to accept the nomination, and elected him by one of
the most decisive majorities ever given in Allegheny. So
successful was his administration, and so satisfactory
was his management of municipal affairs that, although
he was a Republican and a party man, the Good-Government Party in the last mayoralty campaign used every
influence to have him become their nominee.
-He is president of the Allegheny Ice Company of
Allegheny, the Union Ice Company of Pittsburgh, the
Wadsworth Stone  Paving Co., and a director of the
Provident Trust Company of Allegheny.
The officers of the Pennsylvania Light  Power Co.
are:  President, Charles Geyer; Vice-President, Emil
Winter; Secretary and Treasurer, C. O. Spillman. The
directors are: Charles Geyer, Morris Einstein, Emil
Winter, James Bryan, Dr. Jos. Stybr, J. N. Davidson,
WVmn. S. McKinney, all well knowvn business mnen.
TYPICAL COAL-BARGE RIVER-SCENE IN PITTSBURGHEast, but have invaded all parts of the globe and have
brought the raw material home to Pittsburgh, here to be
turned into the finished product. As a result a number
of establishments, started in Pittsburgh as wholesale
houses, have become manufacturers as well, and such has
been the fine grade of their product that they have penetrated, as sellers, markets they used to enter as buyers.
Pittsburgh manufactures a number of grocery specialties. Pittsburgh people are famous for their consumption
of coffee, while coffee roasted in Pittsburgh is sold in
every city in the United States. A number of dry-goods
necessities are made in western Pennsylania, where
paper as a finished product also is turned out. Wholesale drug houses in Pittsburgh mix, under the direction
of their chemists, physicians or pharmacists, a great deal
of the stuff they sell.
What all this activity means as a contribution to the
growth and prosperity of Pittsburgh is not easily shown
in figures. It has meant the investing of millions of dollars in the erection of great warehouses, showrooms and
factories. A fortune is spent every day with other Pittsburgh industries, such as bottling, packing-box, etc., for
the supplies necessary to carry on this great jobbing trade.
Work is given to thousands both in the wholesale and
jobbing trade, and through the extra work it gives to
outsides like transportation and railway companies. The
volume of business being done in the Pittsbugh district,
railways enjoy an enormous tonnage out of Pittsburgh
and to towns within a hundred miles or so of this city.
Hundreds of salesmen constantly  traveling  in  all
parts of the country are a guarantee that this great trade
is not to be allowed to wane. Anywhere from five to 25
traveling salesmen are attached to each Pittsburgh wholesale and jobbing house, and some of these sell the PittsEARLY  $75,ooo,ooo a year is the volume of
the wholesale and jobbing business in the
)   Pittsburgh district. In groceries alome west
ern Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and West
Virginia are bigger consumers than the nation's other
big market, New  York City.  The annual grocery bill
in the Pittsburgh district, not including, of course, meat
or dairy products, and measured only by the sales of Pittsburgh's big wholesale grocers, is $30,000,000. Through
the hands of the wholesale produce and commission merchants of Pittsburgh there passes another $IO,OO0,0OO
worth of edibles annually, while business of a similar
money volume is done by the principal wholesale drygoods houses in the Steel City. These latter have no
peer in size and volume of business between New York
and Chicago.
Individual incidents and figures might be pointed out
ad infinitum. The wholesale drug business, for instance,
is a great quantity in the Pittsburgh district, while the
jobbing trade in paper, both wrapping and print paper,
is good for $5,ooo,ooo a year to those engaged in it in
this territory.
And so it runs, a story of great business for a great
populace. Talking machines are a much-sold commodity
in Pittsburgh, partly attesting to the Pittsburgher's love
of music, but also again illustrating his systematic business methods, for the talking machine as a substitute for
a stenographer in recorcling great batches of business correspondence has come to be a commercial necessity in
Pittsburgh.
And in supplying this great and varied market Pittsburgh wholesalers and jobbers have not stopped simply
at ransacking the agricultural fields of the West, the wool
and cotton mills of the South and the factories of the
325
WHOLESALE AND JOBBING
Immense Volume of Business Done by the Wholesale
and Jobbing Trade of Pittsburgh-A Strong and Constantly Growing Industry Worthy of a Great Communityburgh product as far away as the Pacific coast.'Ihe
trade generally is in a more healthy condition than it
ever was, and constantly growing in importance.
WHOLESALE DRY-GOODS
A WELL INTRENCHED INDUSTRY THAT CAN HOLD ITS OWN
AGAINST ALL COMPETITION
With its own experts flitting abroad annually and
guaranteeing to Pittsburghers a peep at the latest in styles
as soon as they are out, the Pittsburgh wholesale drygoods trade would seem to be pretty well entrenched
against competition from  the
outside.  Besides this, Pittsburgh wholesalers are manufacturers and make much of
the stuff with which they supply retail dealers in western
Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio
and WVest Virginia. Then, as
a trtump card over the invader's head, the Pittsburgh
wholesale dry-goods mnerchant
can lay claim to knowing better than any outsider what
Pittsburgh wants, and these
wants are distinctive in many
respects.
The trade began in the
Steel City on the same small
scale as many other of the
city's enterprises, but it had
to battle long against a wall
of prejudice. It took timne to
show the people that anything
they could buy in New York
City could be secured here.
Men and women trained in
the wants of varied classes of
people are sent to Paris and
the capitals of Europe each
year to pick fine laces, gloves,
and other wares needed by
Pittsburgh establishments.
Hundreds of stores in the larger cities throughout
the Pittsburgh district, innumerable stores in the greater
city, besides the humbler places in the coal and coke towns
and glass and milling centers, are supplied by Pittsburgh
wholesale houses with everything they sell at the lowest
trade prices.
Manufacturing of physical and household comforts
is made an extensive side line by the trade. The growth
of the mail-order business and assurances of quick deliveries give the Pittsburgh wholesalers almnost full sway in
this market. The community at large has learned to rely
upon their integrity and find no cause for cotnplaint.
THE ARBUTHNOT-STEPHENSON COMPANY
-One of the best known wholesale dry-goods firms of
western Pennsylvania is the Arbuthnot-Stephenson Company of Pittsburgh, Pa. The firm handles a full line
of foreign and domestic dry-goods, notions, linens, lace
curtains, draperies, carpets, mattings, rugs, linoleums and
oil cloth. They are the sole selling agents in Pittsburgh
for the well known and popular Buffalo wool blankets,
flannels, yarns, etc.; also of the entire output of the Duquesne Woolen Mill-the celebrated Standard shirts,
Arbusco waists, and ladies' ready-to-wear garments.
The business of the company is not confined to western Pennsylvania, but has a
patronage and rep u t a t i o n
within a radius of two hundred and fifty miles of Pittsburgh.
The business was established by Charles Arbuthnot
in the year 1843 at the corner of Wood and Diamond
Streets. In the year 1854
William   T.  Shannon  was
taken in as a partner, and the
firm became known as Arbuthnot  Shannon. About I862
John G. Stephenson was admitted to the firm, which then
became known as ArbuthnotShannon  Co., and remained
as such until I882, wThen on
the withdrawal of William
Shannon and the admission of
Joseph G. Lanmbie the style
was changed to ArbuthnotStephenson  Co. Upon the
death of Chas. Arbutlhnot, Sr.,
in I892 a new partnership was
formed by John G. Stephenson, Sr., Jos. G. Lainbie, ~W.
S. Arbuthnot, Chas. Arbuthnot, Jr., and Abram P. Stephenson. In the year I898
the present corporation known
as the Arbuthnot-Stephenson Company was organized by
the late John G. Stephenson, Sr. A number of the older
employees were taken in as partners, forming one of the
most successful and influential business concerns of the
city. John G. Stephenson, Sr., was president of the corporation until his death in June, 1902. He was succeeded
by Chas. N. Hanna, who withdrew January I, I904, and
was succeeded by W. W. Miller. The business has grown
steadily until to-day it is the leading one in Pittsburgh.
The firm's place of business was on Wood Street
until 1872, when it was removed to 719-72I Liberty
Street. It remained there until I89I, when its present
ARBUTHNOT-STEPHENSON COMPANYlarge and commodious building at Penn Avenue and
Eighth Street was occupied. In July, I907, the building
at 8I I Penn Avenue was added.
The officers and directors of the company have been
in the btsiness so long that their experience is a part
of the capital stock of the firm. The president, W. W.
Miller, has been connected with the comnpany since I873,
and no one of the mnanagement has had less than twenty
years' experience in the btsiness, with the exception of
the second vice-president, John G. Stephenson, Jr., who
came into the company in I902.
JAMES  B. HAINES    SONS-No  wholesale
house in Pittsburgh has a
more substantial, ample or
cotnmodious  building  for
the successful operation of
business than has the firm
of James B. Haines  Sons,
imnporters and  jobbers of
d r y-g o o d s, notions, etc.
Their ten-story building is
situated at the corner of
Tenth and Liberty Streets,
in the very center of the
mercantile section of the
city, and here may be found
at all times a cotmplete assortment of s t a p 1 e a n d
fancy  dry-goods,  foreign
and domestic, embracing a
wide range in the various
departments of textile fabrics, and affording an opportunity for s e 1 e c t i o n
equal to any 1market in the
country.
The business was established in 1835 by George
A. Murphy.  He was succeeded by Murphy, Childs
 Co., and they in turn by
Hampton, Wilson  Co.; Wilson, Payne  Co.; WVilson,
Carr  Co., and Carr, McCandless  Co.  James B.
Haines, Sr., was admitted into the firm during the last
named  regime.  It continued  under this name until 1872, when  the  firm  name became  Haines 
Schreibler, which in three years was changed again to
James B. Haines. In I88I a new firm was established
undcler the present name, composed of James B. Haines,
Sr., James B. Haines, Jr., George S. Haines.  George
S. Haines died in I886, and James B. Haines, Sr., in
I898. Thomas H. Hartley, who had been an employee
of the firm since I864, was taken into partnership in
I889, and since that time has been a member of the
firm whose personnel is now James B. Haines, Jr., and
Thomas H. Hartley, trading under the name of James
B. Haines  Sons.
The characteristics exhibited by the founders of the
company seem to have passed with its proprietary interests from hand to hand, gaining efficacy at each successive transfer, making more prominent the honorable
and enterprising policy for which the house has always
been conspicuous. The late Mr. James B. Haines was a
striking illustration of these attributes, combining in his
personality marked talents as a business man and a high
sense of justice and rectitude.
With such an established reputation it is not a matter
of surprise that the house has always been a favorite,
appropriating a very large
share of the trade of the city
and affording buyers certain advantages, the result
of a long connection with
the most extensive manufacturers in the country that
cannot easily be duplicated
by any sinmilar concern.
THE PITTSBURGH
DRY GOODS COMPANY
-The Pittsburgh Dry
Goods Company was established in I893, and is a
wholesale dry-goods concern
employing 300 p e r s o n s,
and, counting the employees
of factories, perhaps 200
more. The c a p i t a 1, full
paid, is $6oo,ooo; preferred
stock, $300,000, 7 per cent.
cuimulative February and
August; common s t o c k,
$300,000; 12 per cent. paid
in I906, Io per cent. in the
five preceding years; surplus, $5I5,233.4I as of January I, I907.
The company's places of business are as follows:
933 to 943 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh; branch offices:
43 Leonard Street, New York; 49 Rue D'Houtville,
Paris, France; Io Bahnhofstrasse, Barmen, and Geneva.
A large proportiolr of gross business is done on domestic merchandise, but it also imports large quantities
of laces, linings, hosiery, gloves, toys and notions. The
buyers of the company are sent to Europe every year,
and the company has representatives in all the large foreign markets.
This coi-pany was organized in I893 by taking over
the wholesale department of Joseph Horne  Co., which
was established in the early 5o's. The Pittsburgh Dry
Goods Company commenced business at 66Io-612 Wood
JAMES I. HAINES  SONSLIABILITIES.
Capital stock......................   $4,000,000.o00
Surplus and undivided profits.........   2,264,580.67
Circulating notes....................    3,920,500.00
Deposits..........................    31,633,I94.78
$41,818,275.45
Since its incorporation the deposits have grown from
$8,ooo,ooo to more than $30,000,000, and the total resources of the bank now exceed $4I,000,000.
The resources are so large that the bank has never refused accommodation to any customer.
Although the bank has been paying dividends for
some time, and its large capital calls for heavy disbursements on this account, the earnings have been sufficient to
create a surplus fund of $,700,000 and leave a considerable fund for undivided profit.
The remarkable growth of the bank has been due to
the ability of its officers, all of whom are active in the
management, and to the financial strength and varied interests of its directors who form  one of the strongest
bodies of capitalists in the country. It is true that their
interests are mainly connected with steel and kindred
branches, but they have, individually, many other interests.
While the officers do not boast of past accomplishnents, nor prophesy of the future, it is confidently predicted that the bank will soon be one of the ten big banks
of the country, as it is now one of twenty.
The officers are A. W. Mellon, president; R. B. Mellon, vice-president; A. C. Knox, vice-president; W. S.
Mitchell, cashier; B. W. Lewis, assistant cashier; A. W.
McEldowney, assistant cashier, while the directors are:
Andrew W. Mellon, Henry C. Frick, Henry C. McEldowney, James H. Lockhart, James M. Schoonmaker,
Benjamin F. Jones, Jr., Richard B. Mellon, Henry
Phipps, William G. Park, Henry C. Fownes, David E.
Park, George I. Whitney, Alfred C. Knox, William N.
Frew, Robert Pitcairn, George E. Shaw, John B. Finley,
William B. Schiller, J. Marshall Lockhart and Walter S.
Mitchell.
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL BANK-This institution, at Forty-first and Butler Streets, has a capital
of $400,000, with surplus and undivided profits of $374,868. The original capital was $200,000. The bank was
organized by the consolidation of the Metropolitan Bank
and the Allegheny Homestead Bank, both institutions being individually liable.  In business at Forty-third and
Butler Streets for 32 years, it increased the capital stock
in I903 to $400,000, and removed to its new bank building on the old street car stables site, Forty-first and Butler
Streets, in I904.
In conjunction with the National Bank, the Metropolitan Savings  Trust Co. was organized in I905 with
a capital of $125,000.  This bank has about 1,200 depositors and receives savings accounts only, paying four
per cent. interest.
A  foreign department was added for the purchase
and sale of foreign exchange and steamship tickets, also
a safe deposit vault for the general use of the public,
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL BANK BUILDINGStreet, moved to 933-935 Penn Avenue in I899, thus
doubling its floor area. In I902 the adjoining building
was secured, adding 50 per cent. more space; again in
90o6 it secured Nos. 941-943 Penn Avenue, another increase in area, giving it the largest wholesale dry goods
establishment between New York and Chicago.
The company was organized in August, I893, undelr
the laws of New Jersey, but was reorganized May, I896,
under the laws of Pennsylvania. The directors of the
company  are:  F. H.
Lloyd, Harry W. Neely,
W. A. Given, W. F.
Dalzell and J. B. Shea.
Fromn  1893 to I895 A.
P. Burchfield was president, C. B. Shea vicepresident and treasurer,
and W. A. Given, secretary. From I902 until the present time F.
H. Lloyd is president,
H. W. Neely, vice-president, and MW. A. Given,
secretary and treasurer.
Their principal business is a general line
of dry-goods, notions,
menlls and  w o m1 e n's
wear, carpets, window
shades, blankets, etc.
The comnpany has its
own factories, w h i c h
manufacture   blankets
and  woolens, sold  all
over the United States
and  Europe.  It also
makes its own window
shades, work shirts and
overalls, aprons, skirts
and  ladies' neckwear.
The factories for the
above goods are located
at Latrobe, Pa.
The business, whicll
was founded by Joseph
Horne in the early 5o's,
was for many years under the supervision ot his two
partners, C. B. Shea and Major A. P. Burchfield.
F. H. Lloyd, president of the firm at present, is a
Princeton man, and has been connected with the company since its organization in various capacities.
H. W. Neely, vice-president and general manager,
has been connected with the company since organization,
first as traveling salesman, then department manager and
foreign buyer.
W. A. Given was secretary at the organization of the
company, and for the past ten years has been its secretary and treasurer.
Owing to the large number of manufacturing industries'located in and near Pittsburgh, as well as the
coke and coal industries which are in the Pittsburgh district, adding an ever-increasing population to this enterprising city, Pittsburgh is especially located and adapted
for conveniently supplying the wants of the retail merchant to a much greater degree than other cities
The future of the
wholesale d r y-g o o d s
business is very bright,
as the local merchants
have come to realize
that they can secure
their wants h e r e in
Pittsburgh just as
cheaply as in any other
city, with  the  added
advantage of receiving
better service. An upto-date jobbing house in
Pittsburgh has nothing
to fear from foreign
coinpetition which only
adds s t i m u 1 ti s to increase their business.
The freight service
of the railways entering
Pittsburgh has been the
greatest drawback with
w h i c h the wholesale
houses have had to contend; and although
there is still room for
improvemnent, conditions
are growing better, the
wholesale merchants believing that the railroad
companies are doing
their best to give better
service.
With  its  constant
need of communication
and  importation  from
its b r a n c h establishments in New  York, Parls, teneva, etc., tne qutesiuon
of the railway service is of vital importance to the Pittsburgh Dry Goods Company, a delay in a stock of goods
sometimes meaning great financial loss to the company
as the timely appearance of the season's goods is of paramount importance to up-to-date providers to the retail
houses.
The condition of the rivers surrounding Pittsburgh
is always a menace to houses in the wholesale district,
and every flood puts a stop to business, in that the shipTHE PITTSBURGH DRY GOODS COMPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I  T T S B- U R G H   329
employees and is capitalized at $I,OOO,OOO, and $750,000
issued.
It is a common assertion among misinformed people
who are very reckless in their statements that all kinds
of drugs are mere adulterations for which enormous
prices are charged. It would be idle to try to convince
these people otherwise, as there are none so blind as those
who will not see. But there are honest druggists and
honest drugs, and this company deals only with this kind
of trade which largely predominates, notwithstanding the
carping critics and chronic grumblers. It recognizes that
it is no longer possible to become an up-to-date twentiethcentury druggist by merely serving an apprenticeship in a
drug store. The new pure food and drug laws, which are
being enacted in many of the States, aside from the national law, make a thorough pharmaceutical education an
absolute necessity. The pharmacist of the future must
be able to determine the identity, quality and purity of
the drugs and medicines he dispenses, and in order to
be able to do this he must be familiar with analytical
methods, quantitative as well as qualitative. He should
know how to use a microscope and its accessories. As
public analyst he must be able to examine water, milk,
canned goods, etc.
WHOLESALE PAPER
THE FUTURE OF THE PAPER TRADE SHOWS EVERY INDICATION
OF PROSPERITY
Pittsburgh as a wholesale jobber or manufacturer of
paper has long been a known quantity in industrial affairs, but there has been a phenomenal growth in the
last few years in one branch of the business. Jobbing in
print paper has increased in four and one-half years from
a business of $500,000 a year to that of $I,5oo,o00 a
year. The market, both in wrapping and print paper,
is a rapidly growing one, with an expanding territory.
Pittsburgh jobbers penetrate as far east as Allentown,
Pa.; west to Toledo and Dayton, O., and south to Winchester, Va.
ALLING  CORY-One of the most notable business  triumphs recorded in Pittsburgh in the last few
years is that achieved by Messrs. Alling  Cory, the well
known wholesale paper dealers at Third and Liberty
Avenues.
This flourishing firm is a copartnership with the
parent house in Rochester, N. Y., the individual partners
being Joseph T. Alling and Harvey E. Cory. The business was established in Rochester, N. Y., in I8I9, SO
that the firm has an honorable business career of nearly a
century to its credit.
A branch house was established at Buffalo, N. Y., in
I900, and another in Pittsburgh in 1903. It handles
wholesale everything in printers' papers and certain
grades of wrapping papers. It has a capital investment
ments are delayed both incoming and outgoing. It is to
be hoped that the enterprise of the people of Pittsburgh
will soon better these conditions.
The Pittsburgh Dry Goods Company has enjoyed a
steady increase ever since organization and see no reason
why it should not continue.
WHOLESALE DRUGS
THE NUMBER OF PITTSBURGH'S BIG WHOLESALE DRUG HOUSES
AMAZES TH E OUTSIDER
Pittsburgh's robust workmen and prosperous manufacturers probably are as little troubled with sickness as
people of other communities, but this has not preventecl
the building up of a thriving drug trade, a business, by
the way, which has grown to take in more than supplying
the purely physical ills of humanity. The number of big
wholesale drug houses in Pittsburgh, and the great volume
of business each does, amazes the average outsider. Few
seem to realize that where other large cities are surrounded by suburbs and long stretches of agricultural
country, Pittsburgh is in the center of and convenient to
hundreds of thriving industrial communities all growing
into one another. In a great and thickly settled territory
like this there must be drug stores, and here they are to
be found by the hundreds. The aggregate business of
these keep railroads busy making shipments, and taxes
Pittsburgh wholesale houses to their capacity.
W. J. GILMORE DRUG COMPANY-One of the
most extensive wholesale drug houses in the State is
that of W. J. Gilmore Drug Company, of Pittsburgh,
which occupies a large building on Seventh Avenue, above
Smithfield Street. This house was established in I886
under the firm name of W. J. Gilmore  Co., which style
was used until I904 when the firm was incorporated as
the W. J. Gilmore Drug Company. Mr. W. J. Gilmore,
who founded the business, is president, G. F. Sichelstiel
is vice-president, and Samuel Dempster is secretary and
treasurer.
This company does a wholesale drug business, and
that statement simply means that it handles absolutely
everything known to the drug trade. It is not necessary
for a retailer to ask if this house handles such and such
an article. All he has to do is to send in his order and
it will be promptly filled if the article is known to the
drug trade, and the retailer's credit is good. This company's territory includes western Pennsylvania, eastern
Ohio and West Virginia, a number of commercial travelers experienced in the drug trade being regularly employed to call upon the retailers in this section. No misrepresentation is allowed, and much of the company's
vast business comes almost unsolicited on account of its
reputation for square dealing and the high quality of its
goods. The extent of the business done by this house is
partly shown in the fact that it has a hundred and seventy330  T H E   S ~T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
well as an expert authority on all matters pertaining, not
only to the dealing in and selling of paper in all of its
many forms, but in its manufacture as well, he having
had most valuable experience in the factories of several of the largest paper manufacturers of the country.
This knowledge and information has proven invaluable
to him in his later life, and particularly since he embarked in business for himself.
Seeing far greater opportunities by engaging in business for himself than in toiling along in the employ of
others, he accordingly severed his connection with his
employers a score of years ago, and decided upon the
former course, securing a location in one of the large
business structures that was then located on Fifth Avenue, between Wood and Smithfield Streets. He was
successful from the beginning in his new undertaking
and built up a large business, handling the lines of several of his old employers in the Pittsburgh territory.
The growth of his business proved however after a
few years that he needed larger quarters, and he accordingly moved to the Lewis Block on Smithfield Street,
where he has since been located. His business has grown
to such an extent that he now  has customers in practically all of the several hundred cities and towns throughout western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and West Virginia, and is one of the largest of its kind in this part
of the country.
WHOLESALE BOOTS AND SHOES
A RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY THAT IS NOW RUNNING INTO
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
Shoeing a populace like that in the Pittsburgh district involves an annual investment in leather goods running into millions of dollars, and this undertaking is
among the few in which Pittsburgh relies almost entirely
upon outside workmanship to supply its needs. But it
has taken the aid of the Pittsburgh jobber, knowing the
needs of his market, combined with the best material
and workmanship procurable in the shoemaking centers,
to furnish the right article in shoe wear. The wholesale
shoe trade in Pittsburgh has grown as though equipped
by some master shoemaker with seven-leagued boots.
LAIRD  TAYLOR CO.-Incorpor-atedl uncler the
laws of Pennsylvania providing for such business organizations, the Laird  Taylor Co. has been doing a
successful wholesale boot and shoe business since I895.
The house is conveniently located at Nos. I33 and 135
Seventh Street in the down-town business district and is
easily accessible for its numerous out-of-town customers.
The Laird  Taylor Co. is controlled by Richard
Laird, President; George F. Taylor, Vice-President;
Charles S. Newell, Treasurer, and Joseph F. Schneider,
Secretary; these officials also constituting the Board of
Directors. They are all well known business men, thorof nearly $I,OOO,OOO in the three warehouses.  Their
sales of high-grade papers are exceeded by only one or
two firms in the United States. Fifteen men are employed in the warehouse, twelve in the office, and six
salesmen are on the road. Offices are maintained at 336
The Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio, and at 43 Buhl Block,
Detroit, Mich.
The territory actively solicited by Alling  Cory extends from New Hampshire in the East to western
Michigan in the West, and from Toronto, Canada, to
Winchester, Va. Some foreign business is done, regular
shipments being made to such distant points as Burmah,
India.
In February, I900, Alling  Cory, of Rochester,
N. Y., opened an office at 809 Park Building, and in
July, I903, purchased the stock of the Pittsburgh Paper
 Cordage Co. During the four years since then the
business has shown an increase of from 40 to 50 per
cent. each year. In April, 1904, they moved into the
large and commodious quarters which they now occupy
in the Follansbee Building, bounded by Third Avenue,
Liberty Avenue, Short Street and Second Avenue, with a
floor space of I9,ooo feet on each floor, even this floor
space proving insufficient, considerable stock being carried in the Duquesne storage warehouse.
They sell everything in paper needed by the printer
and publisher: News, book papers, card boards, envelopes, wedding stationery, flat writings, bonds, linens,
ledgers, parchment and toilet papers.
The head o f the firm, Mr. Jos. T. Alling, is very
prominent in political reform work in New York State,
and has done a great deal in making the public schools
of Rochester unique, and absolutely outside of political
inter ference.
Mr. Harvey E. Cory, the junior member of the firm,
is known in the paper trade as one of the best-equipped
paper men in the business, a close buyer and an equally
good judge of quality and market conditions.
The manager of the Pittsburgh branch, Mr. Arthur
Hall Smith, has been in the paper business since I88I
and is thoroughly equipped for the work. His personality and efforts, aided by an efficient corps of assistants,
and the solid reputation of the firm, have been responsible
for the rapid growth of the local house.
It has been wisely said, "The Chamber of Commerce
has a great work cut out for it if it follows out the pattern so ably set by the late Merchants'  Manufacturers'
Association. Other cities have fostered this idea until it
has borne abundant fruit. Why should not we?"
JOSEPH F. McCAUGHTRY-Thoroughly learning the paper and paper brokerage business during the
early years of his life as an employee of large paper and
paper brokerage houses in this and other cities, Joseph
F. McCaughtry bears the reputation and distinction of
standing as one of the leading lights in this business, asoughly familiar with every detail of the wholesale shoe
trade, and have by their square dealing methods built up
a large business in the Pittsburgh district, which includes
parts of several States. The company has a capital of
$Ioo,ooo, and has twenty-eiglht experienced employees.
While Pittsburgh's shoe trade does not pretend to
be on anything approaching the scale of some of the
New England cities, it is by no means insignificant, although overshadowed by the great iron and steel industry.
This trade, as exemplified by the Laird  Taylor Co.,
furnishes some surprises quite as significant as those
revealed in other lines of Pittsburgh's industrial and commercial enterprises. The company is prepared to offer
to the retail trade everything in shoes at most liberal
terms.
WHOLESALE GROCERS
PITTSBURGH'S FAME FOR LARGE WHOLESALE GROCERY ENTERPRISES CONSTANTLY ON THE INCREASE
A food-consuming center surpassed by few in the
United States, Pittsburgh has long been noted for the size
of its wholesale grocery enterprises.  These establishments are larger than any similar ones between New
York and Chicago, and among the largest in the country.
The territory covered by the Pittsburgh concerns includes
the major portion of three states, and the daily shipments to small groceries in this market amount to hnundreds of car-loads. An armny of salesmen keep the territory continually patrolled, and the new business put upon
the books each year is always a big item.
THE LOVE  SUNSHINE CO.--Shortly after the
flood of I889 was effected the organization of the Love
 Sunshine Co. of Johnstown, Pa., manufacturers, importers and jobbers of household supplies, cigars and
tobacco.  It occupied a building on Main Street until
i89I, when its headquarters were removed to the building
now forming an annex to the Love  Sunshine Co.'s main
building located on Railroad Street.
The firmn became a corporation on September 25,
I90oo, with a capitalization of $400,000.  Its products
have established a reputation for the company, the private
brands of flour, canned goods and peanuts have more
than a local reputation, and its general line of groceries
is placed in a territory with a radius of one hundred and
fifty miles of Johnstown, while its specialty men travel
through Ohio, New York, West Virginia, Maryland and
Pennsylvania.
The officers of the company are as follows: J. K.
Love, president; F. S. Love, vice-president; W. H. Sanner, secretary; W. H. Sunshine, treasurer. These officers with W. P. Keifer compose the board of directors.
Joseph K. Love was born on a farm in Butler County,
Pa., where his early boyhood was spent. He first met
Mr. Sunshine as a fellow traveling salesman, since which
time their business careers have been inseparably linked.
Their present immense business stands as a testimonial
of their tireless efforts and marked financial ability. Mr.
Love takes a general supervision of the entire business.
In September, I905, Mr. Sunshine relinquished his active duties in connection with the company, having been
elected vice-president active of the Union National Bank
of Johnstown, Pa., and at a later date treasurer of Cambria County.
B. H. VOSKAMP'S SONS  The big business carried on by B. H. Voskamp's Sons was established in
Pittsburgh in I863.  This well known concern has its
headquarters in a substantial brick building on the corner
of Pennsylvania Avenue and Eleventh Street and deals
largely in wholesale groceries and bakers' supplies.
B. H. Voskamp's Sons might be called, as its name
indicates, a "family corporation."  The officers and diTHE LOVE  SUNSHINE CO., JOHNSTOWN, PA.
B. H. VOSKAMP'S SONS332  T H- E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
incorporated as the Young, Mahood Company, of which
Samuel Young is president, William J. Mahood vicepresident, and J. Paul Cameron, Jr., secretary and treasurer.
The company does an extensive importing and jobbing
trade in tea and coffee, having buyers in Calcutta,
Shanghai and Japan, selecting teas with the greatest care.
A "square deal" for every one is its motto.
This old house needs no herald to proclaim its high
standing in the Pittsburgh jobbing trade, where it has
practically become a landmark and its name a synonym
for everything that is excellent in business methods and
management.
PRODUCE AND COMMISSION
PITTSBURGH GETS ITS FARM PRODUCTS ALMOST AS FRESH AS
THE FARMER
Being an industrial center, Pittsburgh could not also
be an agricultural center; therefore, to give the people
of Pittsburgh the latest products of the farm promptly,
one of two things had to be done: Pittsburgh would
have to go to the farms, or the farms would need be
brought to Pittsburgh.  The latter has been done as
near as possible by local wholesale produce and commission merchants, for in no other city have facilities for
swift handling and shipping of produce been reduced to
such a fine point.  At the Ferry Street Markets, the
Wabash Railroad drops farm products into one end of
the commission men's stalls, while they are being sold at
the other. Similar methods are employed at Twentysecond Street. Great sums have been spent for the most
modern systems of refrigeration, with the result that the
Pittsburgher gets his farm products almost as quickly
and as fresh as the farmer.
THE M. O. COGGINS COMPANY-The M. O.
Coggins Company is a distributor of fruits and produce
of all descriptions, handling all the products of farm,
garden and apiary. It has a capital stock of $50,000.
It has two houses in Pittsburgh, one at II 3 Ferry Street,
and the other at 217 Twenty-first Street. The former
house is the finest equipped building in this line of business in the country, being furnished with every convenience, refrigerating plant, etc.  The latter house is
also a well-equipped building, its location in the up-town
district is a main entrance to the Pennsylvania Line's
Produce Yards. The company also has headquarters in
the yards with a full corps of salesmen, etc., who handle
the heavy jobbing business from cars; in fact this is one
of the main features of the business. Offices are maintained in both California and Colorado fields fully
equipped with salesmen, bookkeepers, etc.
The business was established in I899 when there were
no such possibilities of transacting the heavy business of
to-day, and when a yearly business of $100,OOO was conrectors of the company are H. H. Voskamp, John R.
Voskamp, Charles W. Voskamp, H. A. Voskamp and
A. H. Schewe. The company is capitalized at $250,000.
Because the margin of profit accruing from the wholesale handling of staple groceries is reputed to be so small,
and because of the keenness of competition, it happens
that whether or not a wholesale grocer can successfully
continue in business depends largely, if not entirely, upon
the extent, facility and rapidity with which he can distribute goods.  The present arrangements of the shipping department of B. H. Voskamp's Sons not only expedite delivery, but reduce the cost of handling goods
to a minimum. The company has, as it were, all the f acilities of the Pennsylvania Railroad at its back door. The
ability of B. H. Voskamp's Sons to meet competition is
best shown by the record made in the past forty-four
years. The old house, with its established trade and
undoubted stability, is in better shape than ever before.
Among the widely advertised specials which are
largely distributed by B. H. Voskamp's Sons are "Salada
Tea" and "Yando Macaroni."
WHOLESALE TEAS
THE STEEL CITY GROWING INTO ONE OF THE NATION'S BIGGEST
TEA MARKETS
Introduction of the Chinese restaurant in Pittsburgh
has been a big aid in spreading, a fondness here for the
solace of the Englishman-tea. Nevertheless, tea drinking preceded the oriental brethren in Pittsburgh by
many years and is every day becoming a more common
drink in the homes of Pittsburghers. The native is particular about his tea, and his taste is carefully catered to.
Importers of teas for the local jobbing trade declare the
world's workshop is rapidly growing into one of the
nation's biggest tea markets.
THE YOUNG, MAHOOD COMPANY-A business house, the name of which for nearly three decades
has been synonymous with Pittsburgh's commercial enterprise, is that of the Young, Mahood Company, I020
Penn Avenue, well known in the local jobbing district and
to grocers generally in western Pennsylvania, West Virginia and eastern Ohio. About a dozen experienced salesmen or commercial travelers constantly keep this territory
covered for the house they represent, and, singularly
enough, they don't call themselves "drummers." This is
because their trade is established and requires little or no
drumming, as the goods speak for themselves.  They
merely go around at stated periods calling upon the trade
and taking orders without any great efforts or solicitation.
This business was established in I879 by Samuel
Young as an individual. In I883 Mr. Young formed a
partnership with Samuel Mahood and E. B. Mahood,
which continued until January, I907, when the firm wasT H E   S T O R Y   OF P I T T S B U RGH 33
Shoemaker, Jr., of Los Angeles, Cal.; the Ely-Gilmore
Fruit Company, of Los Angeles, Cal.; the Strachan Fruit
Company, of Riverside, Cal.; the C. E. Thurston Company, of Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.
In addition to its business already mentioned, it
handles California and Florida celery in large quantities;
also Colorado, Idaho and northwestern fruits. Its shipment of prunes from Idaho alone reached 120,000 crates
in I906, besides 35,000 boxes of Colorado peaches. It
owns half the stock in the Union Fruit Auction Company,
of which company Mr. Fanning, is secretary and manager, and Mr. Connolly is auctioneer and vice-president.
The Union Fruit Auction Company are sellers through
their local agents for the California Fruit Growers Exchange of Los Angeles, Cal., A. F. Young  Co., Anthony
Schaub, Crutchfield  Wool folk, and others. The California Fruit Growers Exchange ships fifty-five per cent.
Of the citrus fruits and are among the leading shippers
of deciduous fruits.
The fruit trade of Pittsburgh is assuming enormous
proportions. Ten years ago two hundred cars of California oranges were considered heavy supplies. The season lasted only six months; now we have California
oranges all the year round. In 1904 over I,200 cars were
sold here. With short crops in California the last two
years, the receipts have declined, but they total nearly a
thousand cars for the year I906, and will reach a similar
amount this year. In proportion to the shortness of the
crop the receipts have not declined. The Connolly-Fanning Company and its associates handle eighty-five to
ninety-five per cent. of the total. In California deciduous
fruits receipts have varied according to the crops from
225 to 400 cars per annum in the past five years. Of
this quantity ninety-five to ninety-nine per cent. are
handled by this company and its associates. The banana
business flourishes all the year. Pittsburgh, for its size
and population, is about the biggest market in the world,
over 3,000 cars being distributed. Of this aggregation
the Connolly-Fanning Company market 400 to 600 cars
annually.
The Connolly-Fanning Company is among the leading importers of Mediterranean fruits in the country,
and, as is usual with them, have made a success of the
business. With their domestic and foreign business they
probably rank as the leading fruit house in the United
States.
One of the most noted, perhaps the most celebrated,
of all legal fights that have occurred in the fruit business
was between the Connolly-Fanning Company and the
Zito-Maniscalo Company of Palermo, Sicily, during the
summer and fall of I906. The Zito-Maniscalo Company
failed to live up to their contract on I03,000 boxes of
lemons. The Connolly-Fanning Company attached all
shipments, and, finally, after most extraordinary proceedings, won out. American houses as a rule have always submitted to abuses, and the Connolly-Fanning
sidered a very large one. During the past ten years this
market as an outlet for heavy shipments of all kinds of
fruits and produce has shown wonderful improvement,
holding, its own with the rapid strides made in other lines
of business.
The M. O. Coggins Company was the first firm
east of the Mississippi River to handle car lots of Rockyford Colorado cantaloupes. This was in 1897, when a
car lot of cantaloupes was considered a rarity.  The
firm has been handling them ever since that date, being
the largest handlers and distributors of this commodity
in the United States. It was also the first firm to handle
southern radishes in solid car lots in the city, and pioneers
in introducing car lots of perishable fruits and vegetables
from  extreme southern and southwestern  States.  By
employing up-to-date methods in the different producing fields in handling vast acreages of fruits, vegetables,
etc., and distributing them on every principal market from
Maine to California, this firm has become acknowledged
experts in its line and does a yearly business that is considered one of the very heaviest among the firms devoted
to the same line of business in the country. It mnakes a
specialty of having the delicacies of the farm and garden
at times when they are considered luxuries, giving its customers strawberries, cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, etc.
The company was founded by the late M. O. Coggins, who was a native of Baltimore, Md., he having
followed the commission business from boyhood in that
city.
C. A. Coggins, brother of the deceased, is president
at the present time. He first became identified with the
company in I897, and has been actively associated with
the concern since that time.
R. B. Shore, the treasurer of the company, also became associated with the company in I897 and has been
actively engaged as sales manager since that time, having
formerly been connected with other large commission
firms of this city.
CONNOLLY-FANNING COMPANY-In the ten
years of its existence as a firm, the Connolly-Fanning
Company has placed itself at the head of the f ruit markets in Pittsburgh. Its admirable policy of handling only
first-class products, and the square, honest business ethics
of its directors are the factors in its successful career.
Its business is so extensive as to require the services of
seventy-seven men continually, while its connection with
all the leading shippers in its line has won for it the trade
of a large part of the country.
It is a receiver and shipper of California, Florida and
foreign fruits, representing the California Fruit Distributors of Sacramento, Cal.; Moulton  Greene, of
Riverside, Cal.; F. H. Speich  Co., of Riverside, Cal.;
the Pioneer Fruit Company, of Redlands, Cal.; the Redlands Golden Orange Association, of Redlands, Cal.; the
Spence Fruit Company, of Los Angeles, Cal.; R. H.334  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S P, U R G H
Company stand out as the first and only concern that
fought for their rights and obtained justice.
The company is located in the Pennsylvania Railroad
Produce Building, Twenty-first Street, Pittsburgh, with
representatives in all the leading  markets.  They also
have a jobbing house in the course of construction at 6o62 Twenty-first Street, corner of Mulberry Avenue,
which is conceded to be the best location in Pittsburgh
for this class of business. The building will be five
stories high, with I5,ooo square feet of floor space. One
entire floor will be devoted to cold storage. It will cost
$Ioo,ooo and will be the model commission house in the
city.
Mr. Hugh Connolly, the president of the company,
was born in Liverpool, England, forty-three years ago.
He is recognized everywhere as a man of great capacity
and a most successful operator. By several competent
judges he is considered the best fruit auctioneer in the
world. He owns considerable property in the city. His
chief amusement is automobiling, in which he gains both
health and pleasure. He is also considered a judge of
baseball. Mr. Connolly's father, of L. Connolly  Co.,
Liverpool, England, has been engaged in the same class
of business for more than fifty years, Mr. Hugh Connolly getting his early training with him.
Mr. James M. Fanning, the firm's secretary and treasurer, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in I86I. Since the
age of fifteen he has been in the fruit and produce business, and there is nothing concerning the business that he
is not thoroughly conversant with. His judgment in all
matters is phenomenally correct.  Blessed with a charitable and fair-minded disposition, he is deservedly popular with all classes. He is vice-president of the Central
Trust Company. He owns property in Pittsburgh and
Cleveland worth fully $200,ooo, and with his other ownings he is worth $500,000. He enjoys good fast horses
and knows how to handle them.
CRUTCHFIELD  WOOLFOLK-In less than
ten years the Pittsburgh house of Crutchfield  Woolfolk, Twenty-first Street and Penn Avenue, by the
"square-deal" policy has grown and waxed strong,
and is to-day in the front ranks of fruit and produce
commission merchants in this country. Its business covers car-load importations of bananas from Central America, oranges from Jamaica, vegetables and pineapples
from Cuba, Mexico and Bermuda, and figs, dates,
Almeria grapes and other lines from Eropean countries. Pears, peaches and plums from Cape Town, South
Africa, were also handled last season, the fruit being of
peculiarly luscious quality.
The firm is the sole Pittsburgh agent for the celebrated Atwood grape-fruit, and
citrus fruits. It is the exclusive representative in this
city of numerous large shipping associations in Florida,
California, Colorado, Tennessee and New York. The
records of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company show
that for a number of years this corporation has been the
heaviest receiver of peaches in this market, and during
the past two years its receipts of this fruit each day have
averaged fully one-third of the total quantity consigned
to Pittsburgh.
R. B. Woolfolk and J. S. Crutchfield, the members
of this firm, by close application to business and the
ability to foresee market changes, have become accurate
calculators of the law of supply and demand, making of
their business a success at once profitable to themselves
and of value to the consumers. They have an associate
house in Chicago, trading under the name of Crutchfield,
Woolfolk  Gibson.
IRON CITY PRODUCE COMPANY-Pittsburgh,
with its enormous manufacturing and business concerns,
must necessarily rely upon other sections for its raw
material and food supply. This dependence has made
possible and necessary huge interests in the trade of such
commodities, the demand for which is augmented every
year. One of the largest concerns in the food supplv
business is the Iron City Produce Company, wholesale
dealers in fruits, produce, poultry and eggs, owned and
managed by Charles A. Muehlbronner. This firm, not
only because of its size and the comprehensiveness of its
business lines, but on account of its reliability and strictly
up-to-date methods employed, appropriates a very large
proportion of the urban patronage of its trade. It aims
to give its customers satisfaction at every point, and to
the direct and personal management by the owner the
success of the company may be traced. Mr. Muehlbronner has been engaged in this business all his life, and
there is practically nothing connected with the trade in
which he is not past master. Always on the alert f or
opportunity in buying, his purchasers reap the benefits to
be derived from an intense business manipulator, and
these benefits are in turn shared by the firm in increased
and ever-growing popularity and degree of trade acquired.
The Iron City Produce Company was established
January I, I890. Its trade has increased so rapidly that
a total of twenty-five persons are employed to operate
the business. Its salesmen, warehousemen, bookkeepers,
etc., are kept busy handling the traffic of the company.
There are three permanent store salesmen beside the
yard salesmen who sell direct from the cars. The receipts
per annum amount to $6oo,ooo from an employed capital of $5o,ooo. And all this trade is domestic, mostly
local, there being no foreign department in the business.
The main store and offices are at 20I Ferry Street, Pittsburgh, with a branch store and office at 1700 Penn Avenue.
Charles A. Muehlbronner was born in the city of
Philadelphia May 10, 1856, was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and has been actively engaged in the fruit and produce business all his
life. The first political office held by him was that of tax
collector in the Seventh Ward of Allegheny, in which
capacity he served for two years. He was elected to the
common council, and held both the office of councilman
and school director for three years; was subsequently
elected a member of select council for the term of four
years, resigning after having served two years of the
term to take a seat in the House of Representatives to
which he was elected in I890o. He served as a member
of that body during the sessions of I89I, I893, I895
and I897, and in I898 was elected to the Senate.
ITALO-AMERICAN PRODUCE COMPANYThe Italo-American Produce Company does a flourishing business at I736 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, as a result of twenty years' experience and a close attention to
the wants of the thousands
of natives of sunny Italy,
who now make their homes
in Pittsburgh and vicinity.
The company  are dealers
and i m p o r t e r s of pure
Lucca olive oil, Parmesan
cheese and other Italian
delicacies, and also extensive dealers in fruits and
produce.
Pasquale Bertoni is at
the head of this company
and has recently made an
extended trip to Europe, especially to Italy, where he
studies all the conditions pertaining to the trade and
directed his agents as to imports which his company will desire from  time to time to please and
gratify the growing demand for Italian goods among
his patrons, many of whom want and will have nothing
but the best. They have prospered here and are able to
buy the best and know that the Italo-American Produce
Company is able to supply their wants. Both Mr. Bertoni and Mr. Fugassi are experts in the business and take
evident pleasure in pleasing their patrons not only as to
prices, but as to the purity and other essential qualities
of their importations.
This company respectfully solicits not only the patronage of the Italo-American residents of Greater Pittsburgh, but a share of the trade in its line of the general
public. The members of the firm are confident of their
ability to please all upon a fair trial.
TALKING MACHINES
A STRONG AND GROWING DEMAND FOR THESE MACHINES IN
BUSINESS HOUSES
Sales indicate the talking machine has come to stay
in Pittsburgh. Whether it is the newest sensation in the
way of New York grand opera tenors, a Sousa band
selection or what not, Pittsburgh dealers secure it as soon
as the record is made. The wholesale trade in this line
is steadily increasing. A feature is the growing demand
for talking machines in business houses, where letters
are dictated into them and turned over to stenographers
for transcribing. The wonderful popularity of the nickelodeon, offering the public the widest range of music for
a penny a selection, is doing its share in increasing the
demand and now from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean
enjoys general popularity.
POWERS  HENRY
CO.-The Powers  Henry
Co. of Pittsburgh has the
distinction of having one of
the two most handsome and
convenient talking-machine
stores in the country. Not
only is this store the finest,
but the Powers  Henry
business is recognized as one
of the largest of its kind in
America, and absolutely the
1 a r g e s t in Pennsylvania.
This company handles Edison phonographs and Victor
talking-machines f o r t h e
trade in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and West
Virginia, and deals in all talking-machine sundries.
To W. E. Henry is dclue the foresight to establish
such a business. His success in the field for others imade
him decide to open on his own account, the wisdom of
which decision is manifest in his company's trade, which
aggregates more than $300,000 annually. After traveling for the Columbia Phonograph Company, Mr. Henry
became manager of the Columbia store in Pittsburgh in
I90oo.  In September, I905, he left that employ, associating with himself P. A. Powers, who has been a leader
in this business in Buffalo and Rochester, N. Y., several years; W. M. Wood, manager of the United States
Life Insurance Company in Pittsburgh, and R. C. Wilson, manager of the Bijou Theater.
The company has fine headquarters at IOI Sixth
Street, Pittsburgh.
POWERS  HENRY CO.94 breweries in western Pennsylvania at the close of
business, I907, and the aggregate sales of these was
2,ooo,ooo barrels for the year. This great business is
divided between two big brewery combines, the Pittsburgh Brewing Company, with a capital of $19,500,000;
the Independent Brewing Company, with a capital of
$13,500,000, and a number of independent breweries.
And growing side by side with or in connection with
the brewery business are a number of kindred food
and beverage-producing or distributing enterprises. The
brewery agent has become an important factor. Bitters
have for years been considered an almost exclusively
Pittsburgh product. Mineral waters have a wide sale
here, the markets of the world being drawn upon for
their production of medicinal waters for local consumption. Bottling is done on an enormous scale. That Pittsburgh is an extensive manufacturer of macaroni, and that
the generous sprinkling of Teuton blood in the native
has made sauerkraut-making an industry of somue proportions, are two not generally-known facts, yet such is
the case in both industries.
The means by which these industries change the raw
material into the finished product that is served to the
consumer, form a contemplation magnificent in itself.
Pittsburgh factories are excelled nowhere for size and
modern improvements. It boasts the largest and newest
candy factory in the world. Uncle Sam's internal revenue collections, the greater portion on distilled goods,
amounts to $II,000,000   annually in western Pennsvlvania, thereby showing the great volume of whisky-making, and the fact that it is the highest class of product
because it is generally bonded.  Pittsburgh's distillers
are men of acknowledged probity and wide business experience.
LEADING the world in production of preserved
or pickled goods, first in the United States
in the distilling of fine-grade spirits, the home
of the nation's largest candy factory, and a
candy-making center-these are three of the Pittsburgh
district' s principal cl aims to fame as a food products
manufacturer. Industrial Pittsburgh, barren of even a
respectable semblance of agricultural life, not only makes
foodstuffs for its own people, but in two lines of food
products supplies the nation, and in one product bids f or
the trade of the whole civilized world.
Pittsburgh salesmen circle the nation's 46 states with
Pittsburgh-made foodstuffs, call upon their customers in
Japan in rickshaws, glide over the Nile and invoice business in Egypt, invade India, China, go across to Australia, sell goods that are delivered by dog and sled in
Alaska; in fact, do business everywhere any human being
can penetrate.
In foodstuffs, application of the much-discussed national pure-food law amounted simply to making some
other manufacturers do what Pittsburgh manufacturers
had been doing from the outset. The Pittsburgh product
has never sought the cut-rate trade, either in candies,
preserves or distilled goods, the trinity of things upon
which the Steel City has asked the nation's pat ronage.
A population of workingmen engaged in perspirationgenerating labor, Pittsburghers are generous beer drinkers. In a moderate way, beer enters a great deal into
the home, as is attested by the great number of wholesale
houses in this territory whose business is largely a home
trade. The result has been a steady and great growth
in brewing malt liquors. Brewing began here in 1795,
when George Spires, an Englishman, opened an ale-brewing establishment at the Point, Pittsburgh. There were
336
ABSOULUTELY PURE FOOD
Pittsburgh Leads the World in Preserved or Pickled
Goods-Famous for the Distilling of High-Grade SpiritsGreat Candy Center-Mineral Waters Have a Wide SalePRESERVES
THE LARGEST PRESERVE FACTORY IN THE WORLD IS LOCATED
IN PITTSBURGH
Wherever a Pittsburgher goes, it has been said, he
can see something made in Pittsburgh.  Far-off Cairo.
Egypt, looks like a great showroom for Pittsburgh products. Bridges spanning the Nile there were made in Pittsburgh, steel for structures originated in the Smoky City,
buildings are made sanitary there by Pittsburgh skill,
while transportation is by cars made, equipped and propelled by Steel City genius. And the first thing a stranger
encounters upon the hotel dining table or in the stores
are  Pittsburgh  pickles
and preserves.
T h e preserve a n d
pickle-making  industry
is centered in Pittsburgh,
and no other locality
makes serious effort to
dislodge us.  The volunme of production
reaches, in money value,
$I0,000,ooo a year and
g i v e s employment to
4,000 Pittsburghers under healthy and sanitary
factory conditions that
have no superior anywhere.
In making preserves
and pickles the sensibilities of the eater are respected to the tiniest cletail.  The largest preserve factory  in the
world, located  on  the
North Side, is an example for factory lawmakers all o v e r t h e
country.  It is airy and
absolutely sanitary. The
employees obey the
strictest laws of cleanliness while at work.  At the
expense of the company the employees are offered
physical and mental relaxation on a most generous scale,
for the factory includes reading rooms, exercise rooms
and medical attendance for employees, besides innumnerable other things to make the work congenial and the
factory a place the employee comes to joyfully and leaves
regretting.
H. J. HEINZ COMPANY-If, as Brillat-Savarin
has said, "The discovery of a new dish does more for
the happiness of man than the discovery of a new star,"
how far a benefactor is the originator of "57 varieties"?
A  little green cucumber, on which is emblazoned
"Heinz," is the insignia of a great American enterprise
that distributes its products practically throughout every
region inhabited by civilized man.  That trade-imark is
always a guarantee of wholesomeness and purity.
Measured either by dollars or sense, food products
are the 1ost valuable of all manufactures.  In the
United States the aggregate value of such food products
as may be classified as manufactures exceeds $2,900,ooo,ooo annually. According to the reports of the Census
Bureau, published in I907 in this country, the capital invested in the 1anufacture of picklcs, preserves ancl
sauces amnounts to about $2o,ooo,ooo.  Of the entire
amount thus invested in
the United States, onefifth ($4,000,000) is the
capital of the H. J.
Heinz Company of
Pittsburgh. Neither in
America nor abroad is
there another company
engaged in the manufacture  of  pickles,  preserves, condiments and(
sauces that has a larger
business or a better reputation.
The history of this
most productive enterprise begins in I869,
with Henry John Heinz
in a vegetable garden at
Sharpsburg. At the outset the business, which
was carried on inconspicuously, was confined
entirely to the bottling
of horseradish. But one
thing suggests another.
By I872 the increased
proportions of the undertaking  justified  the
opening of a business
house on Second Avenue in Pittsburgh. Then followed a
period of steady, uninterrupted growth. The quarters on
Second Ayvenue, though frequently enlarged, in I890 were
obviously inadequate. Transferred to the present location
on the North Side, the rapidly up-building business required constantly more and more room.  To-day, in
twenty-three large brick buildings, each of which in construction, equipment and facilities embodies the best features of the most approved of modern factories on over
twenty acres of floor space, is carried on-a portion of
what the company is doing. In addition to the general
offices and main plant on the North Side, Pittsburgh,
the company has other large factories at Port Norfolk,
H. J. HEINZhaving both small and large boxes to rent, and fully
equipped to take care of special packages and valuables
for short periods.
The Metropolitan National Bank has about i,6oo active accounts on its books and receives on deposit small
amounts as readily as larger ones.  The bank does a
large commercial business and takes care of a great many
of the pay-rolls for the business men of its district.
The present executive officers of the Metropolitan National Bank are: C. L. Flaccus,
president; Robert Ostermaier,
vice-president, and George Seebick, cashier.
T H E PEOPLES' NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH-Feeling the need of
a strong financial institution in
Pittsburgh solely for commercial banking, several leading
Pittsburgll gentlemen mnet November 26, I864, in the rooms
of the Iron  Association  in
Fourth Avenue for the purpose
of organizing a national bank.
Amlong these were the most
prominent iron and steel men
in Pittsburgh, including John
W. Chalfant, B. F. Jones,
James Park, Jr., George Black,
Byron H. Painter, George W.
Hailman, Samnuel Rea, David
E. P a r k, Barclay Preston,
Frank Rahm, J o s e p h McKnight, James I. B e n n e t t,
Thomas J. Hoskinson, William
Rea, W. A. Rogers and Mark
W. Watson, the latter being
now the sole survivor of that
notable gathering.
The  name  selected  was
"The Peoples' National Bank
of Pittsburgh," which, for
1nore than 40 years, has been
one of the strongest institutions
of the country.  The amount
of capital was fixed at $I,ooo,ooo. While the privilege was retained to increase this
amount to $2,000,000, the original capital has never
been changed.  Samuel Rea was elected first president,
and Franklin M. Gordon cashier.
Through the courtesy of the Citizens' Insurance Comnpany, the board met for some time in that company's
offices until a temporary location was secured at First
Avenue and WVood Street, for which a yearly rental of
only $I,500 was paid. A lot for a bank builcling was
purchased in Fourth Avenue, but later the property now
owned at 409 Wood Street was purchased, and the
Fourth Avenue property was sold. A two-story bank
building was started, and when finished was looked upon
as one of the ornamental structures of the city. This
property was occupied until 90oI, when the adjoining
property was purchased from  the Western Insurance
Company. In I 905 both buildings were remodeled, and the
Peoples' National Bank now
occupies a fine banking room,
48  feet front and  I20  feet
deep, at 409-4I I Wood Street.
From the start the bank
did a profitable business, and
in less than a year after its organization it declared a dividlenld of 6 per cent. on its capital stock.
T h e b a n k's deposits, as
shown by the statement of October I, 1865, were $3Io,ooo;
October  I,  I870, $507,000;
October  I, I880, $607,ooo;
October I, I89o, $2,23,000;
October I, I895, $3,456,ooo;
December 31, I900, $8,762,ooo; December 3, I905, $I 2,500,000; December 31, I906,
$13,000,000. In addition to an
earned surplus and undivided
profits of $I,6oo,ooo, the Peoples' National has  paid  the
enormous sum of $3,580,000 in
dividends.
The present officers and directors are:  President, Robert Warcldrop; vice-president,
D. E. Park; cashier, Hervey
Schumacher; assistant cashier
and secretary, W. Dwight Bell;
assistant  cashier,  S.  Clarke
Reed; directors, Robert Wardrop, B. F. Jones, Jr., Edward
E. Duff, D. Leet Wilson, W.
D. George, H. S. A. Stewart,
George W. Crawford, D. E.
Park, Henry Chalfant, George C. Davis, J. Painter, Jr.,
D. McK. Lloyd, W. L. Clause and Benjamin Thaw.
SECOND NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH-The Second National Bank of Pittsburgh,
one of the oldest in Pittsburgh and foremost in Pennsylvania, has a record of uninterrupted growth of more than
thirty years that is probably unparalleled for a strictly
PEOPLES' NATIONAL BANK BUILDINGCHICAGO BRANCH HOUSE                                         NEW ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
NEW YORIK BRANCH HOUSE
MAIN PLANT, PITTSBURGH, PA.  ROTUNDA, NEW ADMINISRATION BLDG.   RANCH FACTORY, HOLLAND, MICH.
ROTUNDA, NEW ADMIINISTRATION  BLDG
FACTORY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.                                 LONDON BRANCH HOUSE
H. J. HEINZ COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.T H E8  S T O R Yr  O F   P I T T S B U R G H   339
Virginia; at Hicksville, Hilton and Medina, New York;
at Holland, Holly, Grand Rapids and Saginaw, Michigan; at Muscatine, Iowa; at Burlington, Canada; at Seville, Spain, and at London, England. Besides these
branch factories the H. J. Heinz Company has 67 vegetable and salting stations in the United States and
Canada.
The company's branch distributing houses, wholesale
establishments where immense stocks are kept, are variously located as follows: New York, Boston, Baltimore,
Philadelphia, Scranton, Buffalo, Jersey City, Newark,
Brooklyn, Albany, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati,
Louisville, Nashville, Chattanooga, Atlanta, St. Louis,
New Orleans, Chicago, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, St.
Paul, Kansas City, Omaha, San Francisco, London,
Liverpool, Glasgow.
Heinz goods are sold in every city, town and village
in the United States. Travelers for the H. J. Heinz
Company regularly tour Australia, South Africa, New
Zealand, China, Japan, the Philippines, India and Egypt.
From the London branch are supplied nearly every
country in Europe.
No amount o f energy, persistence or ingenuity, no
methods however good no executive ability however
great, not the strongest appeals for custom nor the most
lavish expenditures for advertising could succeed in
building up such a trade if the food products sold were
not invariably the very best. Long before the pure food
laws of the United States were effective, the Heinz goods
were recognized everywhere as the standard of excellence. Direct from the garden, the berry patch, the
orchard and the olive grove the H. J. Heinz Company
secures the best and soundest of vegetables and fruits.
Grown in advantageous locations, gathered under circumstances that insure only the selection of the choicest,
the crops from over 3o,ooo acres annually are prepared
for table use in the company's factories. Accepting only
absolutely pure and sound materials, never in any way
using artificial preservatives, coloring matter, adulterants
or substituted ingredients, employing none but the most
improved methods, insisting on scrupulous cleanliness in
every detail, the company is in a position to, and does,
without reservation, guarantee not only the purity, but
the wholesomeness and honestv in every respect of its
products. The fact that it voluntarily offers, and long
has conspicuously advertised its willingness to refund the
full purchase price if its goods were unsatisfactory, is
evidence not alone of the company's sincerity, but of the
confidence entertained in the quality of the product.
The company was first a partnership under the style
of Heinz, Noble  Co. In 1875 it became F.  J. Heinz.
Thirteen years afterward it changed to the H. J. Heinz
Company. The business continued under partnership
ownership and management until March I, 1905, when
it was incorporated, the partners taking the stock.
The officers of the company are H. J. Heinz, President; Howard Heinz, First Vice-President; Sebastian
Mueller, Second Vice-President, and W. H. Robinson,
Treasurer.
H. J. Heinz, founder and president of the company,
has been the prime mover of the organization during its
entire existence. Aside from his connection with the
great corporation that bears his name, H. J. Heinz is
prominently identified with other important interests in
Pittsburgh. He is the president of the Central Accident
Insurance Company, the Aspinwall Land Company, and
the Winona Interurban Railway Company, a director in
the Union National Bank and of the Western Insurance.
In civic, charitable and religious affairs H. J. Heinz
unostentatiously but to a great extent lends his assistance. A director of the Chamber of Commerce, vicepresident of th e Western Pennsylvania Exposition Society, a member of the boards of several hospitals and
educational institutions, president of the State Sunday
School Association, and belonging to the Duquesne and
Union Clubs, he has been rightly designated as one of
Pittsburgh's most respected and useful citizens. A man
who has traveled extensively, one possessed of a great
fund of information, public-spirited, broad-minded, he is,
actively interested in everything that will promote the
general betterment of Pittsburgh.
Howard Heinz, the First Vice-President, is H. J.
Heinz's son. He graduated from Yale with an A. B.
degree in I900. On leaving college he entered immediately on his business career.  Like his f ather he is
deeply interested in educational and religious work. Of
the University of Western Pennsylvania, of Mount
Hermon College, and of the Moody Bible Institute he
is now a trustee. Settlement work with him also has
been the subject of considerable study and effort, inasmuch as he conducted the Covode House for six years.
The clubs to which Howard Heinz belongs are Duquesne, Country and University of Pittsburgh, and the
Yale Club in New York. In 1906 he was married to
Miss Elizabeth Rust, of Saginaw, Michigan.
From the office of Quartermaster in the German
army in I884, Sebastian Mueller, the Second Vice-President, came to America. Locating in Pittsburgh he has
been associated with the Heinz Company for the past
twenty-two years. During the greater part of that time
he has most satisfactorily discharged the various duties
appertaining to the active superintendency of the manufacturing department.
After having been engaged for two years in the lumber business, W. H. Robinson, who was born in Chester
County, Pennsylvania, came to Pittsburgh in I884. Immediately after his arrival here he entered the employ
of the Heinz's; in I884 he was made a partner in the
enterprise; when the company was incorporated he was
elected Treasurer.
Besides being Treasurer of the Heinz Company, W.
H. Robinson is a director of the Real Estate Trust ComTHE BOTTLING DEPARTMENT                        A CORNER IN THE RECREAT ION ROOM
HEINZ OCEAN PIER, ATLANTIC CITY                THE ROOIF GARDEN
THE GIRLS' DINING ROOM                         THE AUDITORIUM
H. J. HEINZ COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PA.pany and of the Central Acciclent Insurance Company.
His clubs are the Duquesne, Union and Oakmont.  In
I896 he was miarried to Miss Jane Armstrong, the
daughter of Thomas M. Armstrong
On the pay-rolls of the H. J. Heinz Company usually
are about 4,ooo enmployees.
MACARONI MANUFACTURERS
THE FONDNESS FOR MACARONI IS A TRAIT WE OWE TO SUNNY
ITALY
I1nmigration's great tide has found a ready homne in
Pennsylvania and the Pittsburgh district.  The Italian
has becolme a great factor in this constantly increasing
population.  With him have come customns of his sunny
land, and none of these is lnore warimly welcomed by
Pittsburghers than the Italian's fondness for 1macaroni.
The demand for this delicacy in Pittsburgh keeps one big
factory busy.  Italians eat the most of
this product, but by
no means all. Pittsburghers are great
users of macaroni,
and it is a regular
colnmodlity on t h e
hotel and -home dining table.
THE UNITED
STATES MACARONI FACTORY
-Emilia Bisi is executrix of the Ernesto Bisi estate,
which includes the
United States Macaroni Factory, o n e
of the remarkable business institutions of western Pennsylvania. The plant at Carnegie contains machinery worth
$5o,ooo, and employs I50 workmen, who live near the
factory and practically form  a village of their own.
The great factory and business has been built up by Mr.
Bisi in a comparatively short period of time and places
hitm in the foremost rank of the self-made men of
America.
Ernesto Bisi came to the United States about 26
years ago. He was then in the twenty-second year of
his age. He was born and raised in the north of Italy,
in the province of Lombardy, near Milan, a region which
has given to America a majority of its prominent citizens
of Italian birth.
Mr. Bisi started a retail grocery and macaroni factory in Pittsburgh in i886, locating in Diamond Square.
He handled: choice imported goods and gradually built
up a large business. He lost nearly all of his property
once by fire, but started anew. The establishment is now
worth half a million dollars.
In I896 the great extent of the business compelled
new  quarters to be prepared, and a large three-story
brick building was erected near Carnegie on the Panhandle railroad, about ten 1niles from Pittsburgh. Here
are made mnacaroni, vermicelli, spaghetti and a hundred
kinds of simnilar products which are known throughout
the United States. The macaroni made at the Ernesto
Bisi factory has been pronounced by experts to be equal
to the imported macaroni.  It is shipped to all parts of
the United States from San Francisco to New York, as
well as to Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, and the
Philippines and England.
Besides manufacturing various products they deal in
fine imported groceries, such as olive oil, cheese, fine
preserves and also in wines, liquors and cordials.
The firin spends annually $Ioo,ooo in importing
these  articles from
Italy, Spain  and
France.
The  factory  is
I50 feet square and
is connected with the
Panhandle by a siding, and  the  firm
ships its goods in its
own  cars.  Besides
the macaroni factory
the  firm  owns its
own flour 1mill with
a daily capacity of
200 barrels of flour;
a box factory with
a capacity of 5,000
boxes per day; its
own  machine  shop
for repairing  a n d
making new appliances, and its own electric plant. Mr.
Bisi attributed 1much of his success to his wife, who is a
fine business wotan, conversant with most of the languages of Europe, and since his death at the head of the
business.
MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS
THE PURE FOOD COMMISSION HAD NO REPORT OF ADULTERATION
AGAINST LOCAL CONFECTIONERS'With dealers, agents, druggists, and others within
the Pittsburgh district recommending and selling the
products of Pittsburgh's confectioners, the city's reputation in this line of business has always been of the
best. The pure food commnission had no report of adulteration to make of its firms, and this, with the enormous
business done, is accepted proof of their reliability and
efficiency to meet the demands of a community whose
UNITED STATES MACARONI FACTORY, CARNEGIE, PA.342  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
tastes are discriminately fastidious in candy and confections. The products in this line of business are superior
in both quality and attractiveness, and form the basis of
a business that is a factor in the industry of the city.
REYMER  BROTHERS, INC.-Reymer 
Brothers, Inc., is one of the largest confectionery
houses in the world. It is a corporation with a fully
paid capital of $300,000. The business was established
by Philip Reymer and Joshua Rhodes in I 846 at the
corner of Wood and Water Streets, Pittsburgh.  In
I860 the firm was changed to Reymer  Anderson, located on Wood Street, near Third Avenue. Two years
later Jacob Reymer and H. D. Reymer formed the partnership with Philip Reymer under the present name of
the firm, Reymer  Brothers. This partnership continued until I900 when the management and ownership
succeeded to the present owners, who have been associated with the Reymers for almost forty years. The
business has steadily increased in volume, and they are
now located in one of the finest and best-equipped modern plants in the United States and are the only manufacturers of the high-grade chocolates and bonbons in
western Pennsylvania.
This firm's confections have a world-wide reputation both on account of their deliciosness and also because of their absolute purity. Reymer's is a hall-mark
of all that is best in the candy market, and with this
reputation it is easy to understand why the concern has
had such great and continued success, having a retail
trade which extends through all the principal cities of
Europe and Canada, as well as in all parts of the United
States. Its wholesale market covers the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia and Indiana, which is
probably the largest territory covered by any similar concern in the world.
The factory, offices and wholesale department are
located at Forbes and Pride Streets; the retail stores are
at 243 Fifth Avenue and 6022 Penn Avenue. These
stores are fitted up tastef ully, the windows being specially
remarkable f or their unique and attractive appearance.
The management certainly spare no pains nor expense in
making them the most pleasing of candy shops.
They are also importers of cigars, carrying only the
very best grades of this staple, and therefore catering
to the highest class of trade. Their cigar stores are at
522 Wood Street, at the main entrance of the Frick
Building, and in the Frick Annex.
In former years manufacturers in other large cities
sold the majority of the confectionery used in this city,
but with the aid of improved machinery the business has
been placed in a position that enables it to supply the
wants and demands with a line of goods not excelled by
any manufacturer of confectionery in the United States.
The truth of this assertion all lovers of first-class chocolates will attest.
The officers of the corporation are:  John H. Smitley, president; B. Dangerfield, secretary and treasurer;
F. P. Smitley, vice-president. The directors are: J.H.
Smitley, B. Dangerfield, F. P. Smitley, Harry Dangerfield and B. Dangerfield, Jr.
MINERAL WATERS
THE HEALTH OF THE PITTSBURGH DISTRICT WELL SUSTAINED
BY SANITARY MINERAL WATERS
Typhoid fever's frightful destruction of life in this
end of the country-greater than in any other part of
the nation-and the fact that the prevalence of the disease is accredited to failure by municipal authorities to
provide filtered water, has made Pittsburgh probably the
greatest buyer of drinking water in the world. The
Pittsburgher who violates the health authorities' injunction to "boil your water," usually buys all he drinks by
the bottle. And in no other section of the country, as a
result, has the bottling of drinking water become so
firmly an established industry.
One beneficent result is that the finest grades of mineral waters in the world are offered to Pittsburghers at
moderate cost. It is not to be wondered, then, that Pittsburghers have become the most discriminating water
drinkers.
Pittsburghers, however, have discovered that the
lithia and mineral springs within the Pittsburgh district
are not to be sneered at by the famous water-producing
localities elsewhere. The result has been a wide patronage for waters having special properties or purity that
are secured within a few miles of home.
Water selling as an industry has assumed great proportions in Pittsburgh and involves more details than it
ever could be guessed the mere securing of a drink of
pure water could involve. Thousands of stands, topped
with the familiar overturned bottle, must be kept in
working order. Then there is the great industry of bottling the water, not to mention its handling and distribution. High rentals must be paid for expensive store
buildings; the salary-roll for employees is an immense
item only secondary to the cost of securing reservations
where water is pure. Withal the product is sold cheaply.
WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS WATER-In these
opening years of the twentieth century there is an admirable and increasing tendency to go back to Nature,
not to antidote poison with poison, but to keep the human
system in a normal condition by normal means-by pure
food, pure air, and, lastly but emphatically, pure water.
The immense importance of pure water to the system
cannot be overestimated.  Three-fourths of the human
body is nothing but water. All the processes of nature
are aided by this mobile element. It supplies the tissues
of the body with nourishment. It dissolves and eliminates waste.Man has been known to live for forty days without
food.  He could scarcely survive forty hours without
water.
In view of the immeasurable importance to the human
system of water, it is almost incredible that three-fifths
of the cities of the United States are dependent for their
supply upon water which is not pure, which on the contrary is so polluted and contaminated that the unfortunate
people who are compelled to drink it are subject to that
dread disease typhoid fever.
One of the chief sufferers from such a lamentable
state of affairs is Pittsburgh. In this great city typhoid
fever is an omnipresent peril. Periodically it assumes the
proportions of a dreadful epidemic.
For years the public had no recourse but to renovate
their polluted water as well as possible, and then drink
the inferior product. And yet not many miles distant, in
the virgin forests of the Allegheny Mountains, bountiful
nature was pouring forth from her inexhaustible fountains a precious natural
water of matchless purity and inestimable medicinal virtue-the water
now widely known as
the WVhan n Lithia
Water.
The story of how
this waste was checked
andcl t he s e wonderful
springs  harnessed  by
man, so to speak, so
that their product could
be brought to the sufferers of Pittsburgh who
could not go to it, is
narrated on the following pages. Before that is told it is important, perhaps,
to distinguish between the positive virtues of a natural
water and the doubtful qualities of water that has been
treated to render it fit to drink. Distilled water, at one
time considered admirably suited for drinking purposes,
is now almost universally objected to by physicians, on
the ground that it depletes the blood, and is of doubtful
purity. Dr. H. W. Wiley, an eminent authority, speaking on this subject says:
"Distilled water is unwholesovme, because, carrying
no mineral or other matter in solution, it immediately
on entrance to the stomach begins to dissolve mineral substances from the fluids of the body, thus diminishing the
power of osmotic pressure, and to this extent interfering
with the bodily functions."
Filtered water may look clear and pure, but that is
no guarantee that it is safe to drink. Careful scientific
investigation by bacteriologists, both at home and abroad,
has demonstrated that no filter made will remove disease
germs for more than a few days at most, even though it
deliver beautifully clear water. In many instances the
filter becomes saturated with the nmatter it is supposed
to retain and the water as it passes through even becomes
additionally polluted.
Boiled water is acknowledged to be free from active
disease-producing germs, but this water is flat and insipid
because it contains no life, and this very fact that all living, wholesome organisms in it have been killed renders
it the less fit for use.
The ideal water, as all physicians agree, is a pure
natural water, one which is consumed just as it flows
from nature's wells and springs, full of healthy life and
impregnated with medicinal mineral properties.  Such a
water is the refreshing and satisfying beverage which is
dispensed to the public by the enterprising Whann Lithia
Water Company.
More than I,ooo feet above the sea in the Allegheny
Valley at a picturesque spot overlooking the historic city
of Franklin, Pa., the Whann Lithia Springs gush pure
and clear from the rocks
of the forest-clad mountains. For many years
the local inhabitants had
recognized that t h e s e
refreshing waters possessed medicinal qualities,  and  their  fame
gradually grew until it
became 1nore than local.
It was only a few years
ago, however, that a
noted physician, having
accidentally h e a r d of
the peculiarly grateful
qualities of these natural
springs, determined  to
investigate their merits by means of chemical analysis.
The result was the remarkable discovery that the
Whann Lithia Springs water contained in solution a composition of minerals in the exact proportions that chemists had been endeavoring for decades to produce artificially in imitation of the famous mineral waters of
Europe.
A discovery of such far-reaching importance instantly
interested capitalists to whose attention it was brought,
and the Whann Lithia Springs Company was speedily
organized to purchase the sources of these valuable
waters.  Since that time these waters have been put to
every possible test. Chemical analysis has been made in
every conceivable relation to the changes of season, rainfall, drouth, even morning, noon and night of the same
day. The results have shown such a uniform quality and
absolute purity at all times as to establish fully the merits
of the Whann Lithia Springs as equal to those of the
most famous medicinal springs of the world.
Some realization of the natural beauty of the surSPRINGS HOUSE
ANI) WI-IANN  LITH- IA SPRINGS
(PIhoto taken at a distance of 3,oo0 feet)rounding region and the completeness of the Whann
Lithia Springs plant is conveyed by the accompanying
illustrations, buti they fail to explain the interesting processes of bottling and shipping these wonderful waters
to the public. The plant is located on the edge of the
beautiful Allegheny River, and comprises a thoroughly
modern laboratory and bottling plant housed in a threestory building built of native stone and founded on a
base of solid rock.
On the mountain side, I50 feet above, the sparkling
water issues from three fissures in the rock. To insure
absolute protection from dirt, dlust and drainage a large
spring house of cement and masonry has been built directly over them. Solid cement casings have been constructed around each of the springs, and pipes convey
the water, which flows at the rate of I4,000 gallons a
day, to the bottling works at the foot of the mountain.
The constant temperature at which this water flows
-it is 50 degrees all the year aroundc-proves that the
source of the water is far below the surface of the earth
and therefore for all time absolutely free fromn
danger of pollution.
In the bottling works the water is accumulated
in four huge storage tanks, each of which has a
capacity of Io,ooo gallons. These tanks are scrupulously clean.  They are lined with pure white
porcelain throughout, and are protected with a dustproof covering.
From  these tanks the water is fed directly to
the bottling machines. Throughout the works the
distribution is effected by means of block tin pipes,
which is an assurance that the water is bottled in its
immaculate purity and preserves its natural life and
sparkle.
Having been thus religiously protected from all
contamination, the water is fed into bottles, which
in turn have also been cleansed as perfectly as care
and scientific skill can.  The system  of washing
and.sterilizing these bottles is one of the most interesting features of the works. Although the lithia
springs water is so absolutely pure that no sediment
is ever deposited in a bottle, no matter how long it
stands, provided of course it is kept air-tight, the
empty bottles are liable to become contaminated in
transit. Hence when they are received, they are
first placed in an immense iron crate, which, moving
at a regular but exceedingly slow rate, dips them
into two baths of strong caustic soda solution kept
at a high temperature.
This process requires 30 minutes. How effective
it is will be appreciated when it is realized that were
the hand exposed to this bath even for a moment
tl-le caustic soda would eat the skin off at once. Such
a soaking, therefore, insures the absolute elimination
of dirt and germs.
The bottles are then passed through a tank of
clear cold water, next brushed inside and out, and finally
rinsed in clear cold lithia water exactly the same as that
with which they the next moment are filled.
Once filled the bottles are corked at once, then labeled
by an automatic labeling machine, which accurately
places on each one or two labels, as the case may be,
much more quickly than the human hand can do it, after
which the bottles are delivered to the crating room and
thence shipped to carry refreshment to the thousands of
constumers who have learned to know  the worth of
Whann Lithia Water.
As a drinking water Whann Lithia cannot be
equalled, much less surpassed.  Its absolute purity, its
sparkle, its entire freedom  from  odor or sediment, no
matter how long bottled, and its delightful, refreshing
taste, all combine to make it the queen of all table waters.
Undoubtedly the real test of the merits of an article
is the volume of its sales, and measured by that standard
the record of Whann Lithia Water is almost phenomenal.
So indisputably superior are its virtues that, although no
INTERIOR VIEW OF SPRINGS HOUSE (WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS)
BOTTLING PLANT
(Photo taken at a distance of 2,500 feet)concerted plan of publicity has ever been adopted, the
sales of this water have increased in the following manner: I904, 79,200 bottles; I905, 485,ooo bottles; I906,
576,ooo bottles; I907, 700,000 bottles.
Such a growth in a period of four short years is
most extraordinary and almost unprecedented.  But the
activities of the Whann Lithia Springs Company by no
means are limited to the distribution of the plain water.
On account of its purity this water is ideal as a basis for
carbonated beverages, and it was natural that the company having such an abundant and perennial supply
should bottle sparkling or
carbonated Lithia Water,
ginger ale, soda water, sarsaparilla, birch beer and
root beer.
A specialty is made of
ginger ale, several varities
being bottled, all of which
have attained great popularity.
In the manufacture of
these sparkling beverages
extraordinary care is taken
to insure the use of only
pure, wholesome ingreclients. None but natural pure
anhydrous carbonic acid gas
is used, just as nature produces it, and incomparably
superior and more healthful
than the artificial gas.
All materials and ingreclients are procured at first
hand  from  their original
source of production. For
instance the Whann Lithia
Water Company make their
own extract of ginger out
of  genuine  imported  Jam1aica ginger root.  Only
the real Honduras sarsaparilla is utsed. The syrups
are m1ade by  an  original
process out of pure granulated sugar and Whann Lithia
Water.
In no instance is the purity of an ingredient taken
for granted. Everything that enters into the comnposition of a Whann Lithia beverage undergoes a severe
chemical test in the large and complete laboratory maintained at the bottling works. This laboratory is tinder
the personal supervision of Mr. James R. Cochrane, late
of Belfast, Ireland, a chemist of unusual qualifications
by reason of many years' experience both in the United
States and abroad.
Recognizing that they have an article of unsurpassed
merit and could command a high price for it, the directors of the Whann Lithia Company have exhibited a
praiseworthy spirit in fixing the selling price of their
splendid water at so low  a figure that this luxurious
drink is within the reach of the masses as well as those
who are favored with wealth.  Rich and poor alike
enjoy the inestimable benefits of its medicinal virtues.
Indeed the medicinal virtues of Whann Lithia Water
constitute one of its chief claims to recognition. Nature
in this delightful beverage combined certain mineral elements that are of potent value in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, dyspesia, kidney and liver complaint,
hay fever, and every disease
caused by the presence of
uric  acid  in  the  system.
Thus in nature's own laboratory has been found a
matchless remedy for painful ailmnents, and the cure
is simnply to drink copiously
of the purest water Mother
Earth supplies. As a Pittsburgh physician recently remarked, speaking  of this
water:
"Nature has produced
what is impossible for the
most expert chemist to imitate."
The W h a n n L i t  i a
Water Company  was organized in 1904, and its
officers and  directors are
substantial and progressive
business men of Pittsburgh
and nearby cities. James E.
Glass, the president, is also
president of the Treasury
Trust Company and the
Traders'   Mechanics'
Bank, both of Pittsburgh.
E. Bleakly, the vice-president, is the secretary and
treasurer of the Franklin Trust Company, Franklin, Pa.
W. C. McKee, the secretary, is cashier of the Farmers'
National Bank, Emlenton, Pa. George B. Martin, treasurer and general manager, is a business man of experience and substantial success; he resides at Franklin, Pa.
In the directorate of the Whann Lithia Water Company, in addition to the foregoing, are Marvin W. Kingsley, a prominent civil engineer of Cleveland, Ohio, and
president of the Broadway Warehouse Company, of that
city; F. D. Saupp, treasurer and general mlnanager of the
Pittsburgh Physicians' Supply Comnpany, Pittsburgh, and
Max Hart, a well known Pittsburgh merchant.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE-GENERAL WORK ROOM-ACCOUNTING
DEPARTMENT, WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS346  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I TF T S B U R G H
insurrection" of such proportions that President Washington called out an army of I5,000 men to suppress it.
The fame of the district for the manufacture of good
liquor continues to this day. For over half a century
the house of A. Guckenheimer  Brothers, of Pittsburgh,
have manufactured whisky that for its purity and other
qualities has won more than a national reputation. In
I907 was celebrated the "golden jubilee of good old
Guckenheimer Rye."
The sign "wholesale liquors" on the front of an unpretentious little store in Pittsburgh in 1857 announced
the establishment of the house of Guckenheimer. Asher
Guckenheimer and his half-brother, Samuel Wertheimer,
owned the store. Though they dealt in various commodities, a specialty of th e house which customers always
appreciated was very excellent whisky.
In the "early fifties" the distillery of Thomas Bell,
at Freeport, Pennsylvania, made a whisky that connoisseurs had special regard for; entire control of the
sale of this celebrated whisky was assigned to the
Guckenheimer store; later, on the death of Thomas Bell,
the distillery was bought by A. Guckenheimer  Brother.
Its output at that time did not amount to more than 2,000
barrels a year.
In  manufacturing  whisky, the Guckenheimer rule
was to be even more careful and particular than Bell
formerly had been.  Neither pains nor expense were
spared to produce an article of rye that should be of
superlative quality. The old Bell distillery, which had
been built in I845, was inadequate to supply constantly
increasing demands for "Guckenheimer Rye." Resolved
to build a new distillery, the Guckenheimers decided that
nothing short of the very best would suit their purposes.
Elaborate plans were drawn, and each detail of construction most carefully was looked after; every phase of the
situation considered, all the improvements possible suggested. The distillery eventually built for A. Gucken-.
heimer  Brothers by experts is declared to be about the
most perfect on the American continent.
In locating a distillery a supply of clear, bright water
that contains the proper chemical qualities is the first
consideration. To chemists and practical distillers it is
well known that water containing a large quantity of
sulphate of lime, earthy carbonates and no organic matter is best adapted to distilling. The lime and the carbonates being dissolved in the acid generated during the
fermentation of the mash mostly pass off in the form
of carbonic acid gas and leave the water soft and best
suited for extracting the active properties of the malt and
grain.  At the Guckenheimer distillery, situated near
Freeport in the Allegheny Valley, about twenty-eight
miles above Pittsburgh, the water obtained is exactly of
the quality required in distilling the best and purest
whisky.
The Guckenheimer distillery and its -adjuncts cover
an area of over thirty-five acres. The big distillery buildDISTILLERS OF WHISKIES
NATURE HAS GIVEN LOCATION, AND PITTSBURGH ENTERPRISE
PROVIDES THE REST
Pittsburgh's pre-eminent position as a whisky-producing center is due to an oddity which would seem almost
laughable if not true. In the Pittsburgh district there
are 74 distilleries making the famous Monongahela River
whisky; this distilling belt is fourth among the nation's
whisky-producing center, and in October, I907,the
amount of whisky in bond here amounted to 29,485,545
gall ons-yet this great volume of business is due to the
fact that when Pit tsburghers first began to raise grain
they turned it into whisky simply and entirely because
they could not market their product in any other manner.
In the early days farms occupied what are now thriving industrial communities, but farming in those days
was barren of profit beyond that secured through home
consumption. Shipping to the East, where a market
existed, was too expensive by the then primitive means
of transportation; to the West, a territory infested by
Indians, there was no market. The product of the farm
was turned into whisky because this reduced its bulk and
the cost of sending it East; besides, there was a big demand for whisky in the home market.
Distilling began in this section shortly after I 756,
when the product was carried over the mountains by
horseback, each horse carrying two kegs of about eight
gallons each. Whisky sold for 50 cents a gallon this
side and $I a gallon the other side of the Allegheny
Mountains. In the eastern trade exchange was frequently
taken in salt, iron and other materials.
About 2,500,000 bushels of grain are used annually
in the manufacture of Monongahela whisky. The product is principally a malt and rye whisky. The Monongahela Valley is famous as the center of the whisky insurrection in the early days of the United States Government.
A. GUCKENHEIMER  BROTHERS-Where
Pittsburgh now stands was an Indian village af oretime known as "Shannopin's Town"; in I750, and
for some years later, the aborigines of the vicinage were
ruled by a squaw who has passed down into history as
"Queen Aliquippa." When, after penetrating the wilderness to the head of the Ohio, George Washington was
apprised of the intentions of the French, he was "tactful
enough to gain the friendship of Queen Aliquippa by
presenting her with a bottle of whisky."   The first
noted product of Pittsburgh was whisky. Years before
coal was mined or iron manufactured in western Pennsylvania, various distillers were established in business.
Alleged discrimination against the region and its leading industry was strenuously resented.  Opposition to
the excise law passed by Congress in March, 1790, which
imposed a tax of seven cents a gallon, caused a "whiskyWAREHOUSES                                    GRAIN ELEVATOR
MALT HOUSE       BOTTLING AND LABELING ROOM      DISTILLERY
A. GUCKENHEIMER  BROS., DISTILLERS OF FINE WHISKIEST H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    33
commercial bank. Its clevelopment into a leading financial institution has been from within and not from  without through the purchase and absorption of other institutions. It was organized in December, 1863, and represented the conversion of the old Iron City Trust Company, established in 1859, into the national banking system.
The original capital of $300,000 remained unchanged
until November, I9OI, when 3,000 shares of new stock
were issued and  subscribed for at $700 a share.  The
capital was increased to $6oo,ooo, and the premium of
$I,8oo,ooo, realized from selling new  stock, was added
to surplus. The bank's business has been uniformly
prosperous.
The bank built its present home at Ninth Street and
Liberty Avenue in 1876. Additional stories and improvements added since have made this one of the most complete plants in America.
The Second National is essentially a bank of deposit
and discount. It issues commercial and travelers' letters
of credit, travelers' checks and drafts available all over
the world, and transacts a general banking business. It
has never been associated with underwriting schemes or
operations which belong exclusively to promoters of
financial syndicates; therefore, it can deal with any banking proposition strictly upon its merits. It has a welldeserved reputation for taking care of its customers in all
kinds of financial weather, and it is hardly probable that
the future will contain more severe tests than those successfully met in its long career. It has a large connection with country banks and bankers, which has been
built up and maintained solely upon the services rendered the most liberal consistent with sound banking
principles. It is a depository of the United States Government, of the State of Pennsylvania and of the city of
Pittsburgh. Its statement in I907 showed:
RESOURCES.
Bughman, President; Wm. M. Conway, Vice-President;
Thomas W. Welsh Jr., Vice-President; James M. Young
Cashier; Brown A.. Patterson, Assistant Cashier. Directors: Henry C. Bughman, President; Robert D. Elwood,
of R. D. Elwood  Co.; Chas. W. Friend, of Clinton
Iron   Steel Co.; William M. Kennedy, of Commonwealth Trust Company; James S. Kuhn, President Pittsburgh Bank for Savings; William  McConway, of McConway  Torley Co.; Frank C. Osburn, Attorney at
Law; Edward B. Taylor, Vice-President Pennsylvania
Company; Frank S. Willock, President Tarentum Paper
Mills; T. D. Chautler, Attorney at Law; W. L. Curry,
Capitalist.
THE UNION NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH   The Union National Bank in its present form
is the result of the consolidation of the interests of two
of the oldest, most substantial and conservative financial
institutions of the city; namely, N. Holmes  Sons, and
the Union National Bank. The former was established
in 1822, and continued its existence uninterruptedly, the
oldest private banking house in the city until July, 1905,
when it was consolidated with the Union National Bank.
It had previously itself absorbed the banking house of
W. R. Thompson  Co. in I900.
The Union National Bank began business in a very
modest way as the Diamond Savings Instittition, with a
capital paid in of $1,5oo, representing 300 shares witli
$5 paid on eacli share. In I903, its sticcess haaving been
so, cot-tinuouls ancl substantial, thae capital was increased
to $500,000, thae new shares sellitng at $I,OOO. IniI95
tlae capital wras again increasecl to $6oo,ooo, the one
thousand new shares being sold at $1,3oo. From the
beginning, under both State and National charters, the
rate of dividend has never beenl less taan IO per cent.,
ancl is now 40 per cent. regular, with an occasional IO
per cen-t. extra. It has a surplus fund o f $5,ooo,ooo,
(leposits amounting to $7,784,594.8o, and undividecl
profits of $1I79,886. 58.
Thae pr-esidlent of thae Diamoncl Savings Instittition
was Adam Wilson. At the change to the Union National Bank, John R. McCune (father of vice-president
J. R. McCune) was president until his death in 1888,
when he was succeeded by R. S. Smith, the present incumbent, who had been cashier from I859 to that date.
J. R. McCune became vice-president in 19o5, having
been a director for some years that date, and
having had a prior practical training in the bank. J. D.
Lyon became vice-president in July, 1905, when the banking house of N. Holmes  Sons was consolidated, he
haviiwg heetn a partner in that firm as he had been in the
firm of W. R. Thompson  Co. C. F. Dean entered the
Union National Bank in I866, becalme assistant cashaier
in I873, cashaier in I888 when R. S. Smnith became president, a position which he still hlolds together with the
office of vice-president to whichl he was elected in I905.
*..  $7,642,073.88....  4,676,65 I 76....   I,000,000.00
*..        7I,312.50....       300,000.00....         32,500.oo
*.  *    3,782,214. I3
$ I 7,5 04,7 52.27
Loans and discounts..............
Investment securities.............
United States bonds..............
Premiums......................
Banking  House...................
United States Treasurer...........
Cash and clue from banks..........
LIABILITIES.................... $1,800,000-00
Capital stock
Surplus......................................    2,000,000.00
Undividecl profits....................                      2 5 7,4o6.5 5
Circulation.............................                              65o,ooo.oo
Dephosits..............................   I 2, 797,345. 72
$I7,504,752.27
Thae officers anl clirectors are as follows: Henry C.348  T H  E   S T O R Y   O F   P I'I' T S B U R G H
the guidance of his father with the special view of becoming his successor. In his work Robert Patrick
O'Brien has kept up fully to the high standard set by
his father, and throughout the country to-day he is recognized as one of the best authorities on all matters pertaining to the manufacture of fine whisky.
From the weighing of the grain when put into the
mash tub till the tax is paid in the bonded warehouse,
not only the product, but every process of the manufacture of whisky is under the control and supervision of
United States officials. Stationed at the Guckenheimer
distillery to superintend every detail coming within the
purview of their authority are nine revenue officers.
When the whisky is made it is carefully filled into barrels, which are officially gauged; the barreled whisky is
stored in one of the seven United States bonded warehouses, which have a combined capacity of 200,ooo barrels. In the bonded warehouse the whisky is left to
age for a period not exceeding eight years. There it
receives the best attention that experience and science can
comand, until it matures or is withdrawn to enter into
the channels of trade.
Part of the whisky is shipped away to the trade in
barrels, while another and increasing portion passes into
the large bonded bottling warehouse, where now are
bottled from 50 to go barrels a day. In filling and labeling the bottles from 75 to 100 girls are employed. Every
detail of the bottling is done under the watchful eyes of
revenue officers.  The little green stamp pasted across
the cork of each bottle, the complement of which is found
stamped on the case containing these bottles, is the government's affirmation that the distiller has faithfully complied with all of the revenue and pure food laws. The
stamp is the guarantee of the genuineness and purity of
the whisky.
At their Freeport distillery A. Guckenheimer 
Brothers are now manufacturing 20,000 barrels of pure
rye whisky a year.
The highest record scored by any whisky at the
World's Columbian Exposition was made by "Guckenheimer Rye." Judged by the most rigid and severe
standards that could be devised, it was awarded 99 1/4
out of a possible I00 points. In their verdict the jury
of experts proclaimed "Guckenheimer Rye" to be the
highest type of American distillation.
In I868 the Guckenheimers purchased in upper Sandusky, Ohio, a distillery in which was manufactured a
brand of whisky known as Wyandotte. But the distance from Pittsburgh prevented the Guckenheimers
from giving this distillery what they believed to be
proper attention, so they severed their connection with
that enterprise.
A. Guckenheimer  Brothers bought in 1876 the distillery of McGonegal, Helmbold  Co. in Buffalo Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania. Under the firm name
of the Pennsylvania Distilling Company this distillery
ing is constructed of steel and brick, the malt house is a
brick structure, and the grain elevator, which has a capacity of over 300,ooo bushels, is of approved Chicago
construction.
The "finest grain obtainable in the harvest fields of
the entire country" is selected by experts and sent to the
Guckenheimer elevator to be stored under direct supervision until used. Great care must be taken in the selection of the grain; if good results are expected, the grain
needs to be well developed and sound. Musty or unsound grain is fatal to the production of fine whisky,
and its defects become more prominent as the whisky
increases in age. Distillers that are most careful to
manufacture only fine goods disregard market prices,
if by paying more they can secure grain of a better
quality.
In the main building the appliances for distilling have
a capacity of I00 barrels every ten hours. Yet there is
left sufficient room for the installation of additional machinery capable of doubling that output. Large, gradual
reduction roller mills, such as are found in the best
flouring establishments, prepare the "meal." The great
copper still, made according  to  special designs, constructed so as to comply f ully with all of the Guckenheimer requirements, is described as the best apparatus
for distillation in the United States. The "mashing" is
done in two large steel tuns. The fermenting is accomplished in a specially constructed fermenting house. The
place where this process is carried on is fitted up in a
manner calculated to maintain that cleanliness and aeration necessary in obtaining uncontaminated fermentation.
Successful fermentation requires of the distiller not only
constant attention, but also extensive knowledge of the
principles of chemistry. It is exceedingly injurious either
to allow the fermentation to proceed too long, or to be
concluded prematurely. As a general rule, the slower
the fermentation and the lower the heat at which the
distillation is carried on, the finer and purer will be the
spirit.
The Guckenheimer malt house has a malting capacity
of 500 barrels a day. Here, so it is said, is manufactured the finest malt made in this or any other country.
Expert maltsters are employed, and the one injunction
placed upon them always is to "get the highest quality."
Shortly after they acquired the distillery, A. Guckenheimer  Brothers engaged the services of Patrick
O'Brien, who had received a long and thorough training
in one of the best distilleries in Ireland. On coming to
this country he was acknowleclged to be an expert distiller, and during the years that he was with the Guckenheimers, devoting his best efforts to the manufacture
and perfection of fine whisky, his reputation and
prestige greatly increased. Among Pennsylvania distillers O'Brien was known as "the old man of the profession." In 1885 he was succeeded by his son Robert
Patrick O'Brien, who had been carefully educated underT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    34 9
enterprise resembles more the old American spirit of
manufacture than many industries can boast of, for the
product is backed by a family name instead of a corporation, and maintaining the standard of quality has been
as jealously insisted upon as the maintaining of a good
name in private life.
THE HOSTETTER COMPANY-The Hostetter
Company was incorporated May, 1889. D. Herbert
Hostetter is president, and R. S. Robb, secretary and
treasurer. The directors are D. Herbert Hostetter,
Herbert DuPuy and R. S. Robb. It was established in
Pittsburgh in 1853 as Hostetter  Smith Company.
The Hostetter Company is the proprietor and manufacturer of Hostetter's Celebrated Stomach Bitters, a
proprietary medicine manufactured and sold as such.
The company's employees number one hundred. The
company is incorporated with a capital of $9o,ooo.
The Hostetter Company occupies the buildings Nos.
57, 58, 59, 60 and 6I Water Street and First Avenue,
occupying a frontage on Water Street of I00 x I60 feet
through to First Avenue, which has also a frontage of
II0 feet. The New York office and warehouse is at No.
30 Cliff Street in the city of New York, and is a distributing point for New York City, New England States
and Atlantic Coast States.
The domestic trade of the company comprises the
entire United States. The company's foreign trade is
with Mexico, Central and South America, Australia,
Cuba and Porto Rico.
The original founders of the Hostetter Company was
the firm of Hostetter  Smith, who began the manufacture of the celebrated Hostetter Stomach Bitter s in
Pittsburgh in 1853.
They occupied a building on Penn Avenue, near
Ninth Street. The firm was composed of the late Dr.
David Hostetter, George W. Smith and a friend of both
from Lancaster, Pa., who was a silent partner. The
beginning of this company was in a small way, but the
active members of it, Dr. David Hostetter and George
W. Smith, were live and active young men. Dr. David
Hostetter for his part of the business assumed the position of general manager, and took charge of the sale of
the bitters throughout the country.
In the discharge of his duties in the affairs of the
company he traveled almost continuously and sold the
goods in all of the then principal cities of the country,
most of which were located in the eastern half of the
United States. He visited, however, the cities of New
Orleans and San Francisco, and established an agency
for the sale of goods in New Orleans, as well as a branch
house in San Francisco, which had recently been opened
up by the advent of the forty-niners, of which Dr.
Hostetter was one.
Under the able management of these two men, the
business of the firm began to grow, and they continued
has been operated ever since by the Guckenheimers. In
this distillery is made the famous "Montrose" brand.
Soon after their new distillery near Freeport was
completed, the Guckenheimer's distilling plant in Buffalo
Township burned down. Almost immediately it was
rebuilt along the lines of the model distillery near Freeport. The Pennsylvania Distilling Company makes
about 12,ooo barrels of Montrose whisky annually.
To supply the two distilleries, the Guckenheimers require 400,ooo bushels of grain a year. The home office
of A. Guckenheimer  Brothers is in Pittsburgh. In
New York and Cincinnati important branches are maintained. The trade in "Guckeheimer Rye" and in the
Montrose brands extends practically throughout the entire country.
About the time of the breaking out of the Civil War,
Emanuel and Isaac Wertheimer, full-brothers to the
junior partner, were admitted to membership in the firm
of A. Guckenheimer  Brothers. As the result of an
accident, Asher Guckenheimer, the founder of the firm,
died in 1893.  Emanuel Wertheimer, who meanwhile had
become president of the Freeport Bank, retired from the
firm a few years ago. In the house of Guckenheimer as
at present constituted are Samuel and Isaac Wertheimer,
members of the original firm, Isaac Guckenheimer, Asher
Guckenheimer's son, Morris S. Wertheimer, the son of
Samuel Wertheimer, and Leon Wertheimer, Isaac Wertheimer's son. The younger men have been very carefully trained to take charge, when the time comes, of the
business their fathers for many years have so ably carried on; the Rothschilds themselves are not truer to the
traditions of their house than are the members of the
firm of A. Guckenheimer  Brothers. The business,
established over fifty years ago, has been conducted always according to well-defined principles. Independent
financially, strongly entrenched in their line of trade,
constantly building up a larger business, A. Guckenheimer  Brothers occupy among the distillers of the
United States a proud and most desirable position. To
them the temptation to secure increased profit by cheapening the quality of their product does not appeal at all.
Their ambition is to produce the best, to retain for years
to come the splendid reputation that A. Guckenheimer 
Brothers have borne for more than half a century.
BITTERS
A PRODUCT OF LOCAL SKILL THAT IS KNOWN THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD
No Pittsburgh product is better known than its bitters, the manufacture of which a Pittsburgh firm has
engaged in f or years. Pittsburgh bitters are encountered
all over the United States and in European cities, whether
the visitor frequents cafes or dining-rooms. The annual
output and the stock carried in the Pittsburgh warehouse
reaches a tremendous quantity. The conducting of this350  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B. U R G H
this company and their predecessors, from the very inception of the business, now more than fifty years ago,
to inaugurate and carry out most scrupulously a perfectly fair and honest business policy with all of their
customers in both buying and selling the materials used
in their manufacture and in disposing of the product
after it was manufactured.
Dr. David Hostetter and George W. Smith were the
founders of this business, and they employed their best
efforts along the line indicated in the preceding paragraph. Dr. Hostetter was a public-spirited man in every
sense of the word, and after the establishment of this
business he devoted a considerable portion of his time,
ability and means in furthering and promoting many
public enterprises.
Among the many enterprises with which he has identified himself outside of the manufacture of Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters are the following: The Pittsburgh 
Lake Erie Railroad, the building and maintaining of
numerous pipe lines for the transportation of natural
gas and petroleum, the rehabilitation and successful operation of both natural and artificial gas companies, the
Pittsburgh Gas Company, the Allegheny Gas Company,
the East End Gas Company, the old Consolidated Gas
Company, the Allegheny Heating Company, the promotion and successful construction of the Pittsburgh
water works, the reorganization of the Fort Pitt Banking Company as the Fort Pitt National Bank, and was
a factor in the Farmers' Deposit National Bank, Iron
City National Bank and the Fourth National Bank, and
many other institutions and enterprises bore the imprint
of his energy and ability.
Mr. George W. Smith, his partner, was more inclined
to devote his attention to private interests.
BREWERS
PITTSBURGH BREWERIES STAND AS EXAMPLES TO THE BREWING TRADE OF BOTH HEMISPHERES
Brewing malt liquors for the populace in the Pittsburgh district involves an investment valued at $35,000,ooo and demands the constant employment of nearlv
4,000 men. Nowhere, excepting in Prohibition districts,
is the retailing of liquor more carefully restricted and
governed than is the case in Pennsylvania, and the breweries have met these conditions and still achieved success.
Pittsburgh's breweries stand as examples to the brewing
world both in size and quality of product.
CAMBRIA BREWING COMPANY-Good beer
nev er was-never can he made from poor materials. The
use of partially fermented beer is highly injurious to
health. The Cambria Brewing Company's beer is made
from only the highest grade materials-the best Bohemian hops, and the very finest malt that can be bought.
It is the essence of all that's good in malt and hops. It
to prosper until the war cloud of the Rebellion in'6I
appeared. The outlook at that time was not particularly
encouraging, as the large trade which the company had
built up in the Southern States would soon be interrupted, and all commercial relations with the Southern
States were eventually terminated. However, as a compensation to some extent for this loss of business, it was
found by the Commissary Department of the army that
was organized for the suppression of the Rebellion that
Hostetter's Stomach Bitters was well adapted as a
medicine to prevent chills and fever, ague and other
maladies which beset the Northern soldiers campaigning
in the Southern States; consequently it was authorized
by the War Department to be carried by the Commissary
Department in the various divisions of the army in the
South, the result of which was that the medicine was
given an immense popularity, and the sales increased
largely during the war of the Rebellion, and it becatne
established as a standard article with the wholesale drug
trade of the United States afterwards.
Under the heading of facts regarding the early history in the life of this company, which began business in
I853, they present a facsimile of the first check issued
by them in the beginning of their business in the city of
Pittsburgh.  It is dated December I, 1853.  The check
was drawn on Hoon  Sargent, bankers, at the northeast corner of Wood and Sixth Streets, now Sixth Avenue, and is in the handwriting of Dr. David Hostetter.
The company began with small means, but in the'60's
were more prosperous and had accumulated some funds
from the running of their business, and when the United
States Government appealed to the people of the North
for funds to raise and equip the Northern army to fight
the battles of the Rebellion, Hostetter  Smith were
amongst the first subscribers to the first issue of United
States Government bonds, and the records show that they
bought these securities to the extent of their ability at
that time in support of the struggle to maintain the integrity of the Union.
Hostetter's Celebrated Stomach Bitters is a proprietary medicine prepared after a secret formula, which
compound is recognized as a standard pharmaceutical
preparation, and is known to the drug trade as a standard
medicine in a commercial way, and to the consumer as a
remedy for ailments as set forth on the label and in
every other manner in which it is presented to the public
for their use and benefit.
The enviable reputation which has been established
in the last fifty years for the sale of these goods, which
has been accomplished by the present proprietors and
their predecessors, may be attributed to the fact that
every representation as to the character and quality of
the goods made and sold by them is on the f oundation
of the uniform policy of the proprietors: to make no
representations that they were not abundantly able to
establish. In addition to all this it was the policy ofT H E   S T O R Y   O F  P I T T S B U R G H   3 5Il
has no compeer as a satisfying, strengthening and healthimparting beverage, and is the established criterion by
which other brews are judged. Then not a drop of this
beer is put upon the market until it is at least three
months old. This makes it a perfectly pure and properly
aged beer, a healthful beverage.
The Cambria Brewing Company from the beginning
has been a paying investment. Its profits multiplied so
marvelously that the original stockholders, who were
principally Pittsburghers, were bought out at a big profit
to them by local capitalists of Johnstown, and since the
change in ownership the capacity has been increased
each year in order to meet the demands for its products.
The Cambria Brewing Company is located at 40I403-405-407 Broad Street, Johnstown, Pa.  It is capitalized at $Ioo,000, with a stock valued at $350,000.
Its employees number seventy-five.
The president of the company is J. P. Green, A. C.
Lampe is the vice-president, J. B. Denny is the secretary,
treasurer and general manager, C. J. Burkhard is the
assistant secretary and general manager, which officers
with J. L. Stibich constitute the board of directors.
MUTUAL UNION BREWING COMPANY-On
June 21, I9o6, the Mutual Union Brewing Company
was formed by the liquor dealers of Allegheny County,
capital $400,000, following the example set by dealers in
other parts of the country. The underlying principle of
the new organization was to secure absolute independence
of action as well as the generous profits upon the manufacture and distribution of beer.  On September I9,
I9o6, the capital stock was increased to $6oo,ooo, and
Novelmber 22, I907, it was further increased to $I,ooo,ooo, with not one dissenting vote being recorded against
the propositions.
The plant is located at Aliquippa, Beaver County, Pa.,
and is a model institution. The establishment is equipped
with glass-enameled steel storage--tanks of the latest improved design. It also has an immense bottling plant
with a capacity of 300 barrels per day. The company
enjoys the distinction of paying the lowest rate of insurance ever quoted on a brewery. It has a capacity of
one-quarter million barrels per annum.
A distinct advantage of the Mutual Union Company
is the superior quality of the Aliquippa water.  The
company shows earnings at the rate of 35 per cent.
Twelve per cent. has been paid to the stockholders in
special quarterly dividends.
The officers of the company are: Theo. Huckstein,
president; William Zinkham, vice-president; P. H.
Nolan, secretary; John Lauler, treasurer.
PITTSBURGH BREWING COMPANY -The
revenue of the United States at present is mainly
derived from two sources- namely, duty on imports,
and internal revenue taxes upon distilled spirits, fermented liquors, tobacco, banks and bankers. The national expenditure is largely on account of the war and
navy departments, pensions, payment of interest of the
public debt incurred by the Civil War, and the civil
service.  Pensions form the largest item of expenditure.
Next to pensions the cost of the general administration,
including the expenses of the executive and legislative.
The United States ranks first among the nations of
the world in agriculture, manufactures, mining, stockraising, and  combined  banking  and  commercial industries, and at the same time its wage-workers are
better paid for labor than those of any other country.  It also exceeds all the other countries in wealth
and income.  This great Republican Empire has over
I,500,000 square miles of arable land, exclusive of
Alaska; of this area less than 200,000 square miles
is under cultivation, or less than one-ninth of the
smallest estimate of the arable land; after feeding the
nearly eighty million inhabitants of I900, the country exported nearly one-half a billion dollars' worth of agricultural products. If the total area of arable land were
brought under the plow it would feed 450,00o,ooo inhabitants, and afford two and one-half billion bushels
of grain for export, and, according Atkinson, we might
"by merely bringing our product up to our average
standard of reasonably good agriculture sustain more
than double this number of inhabitants and produce an
excess of over five billion bushels of grain for exportation."
A large contributor to the internal revenue of the
national government arising from the manufacture of
fermented or malt liquors is the Pittsburgh Brewing
Company, whose taxes of one dollar per barrel on its
output amounts to an enormous sum annually.  It is
the largest contributor of internal revenue receipts from
this class of business in the twenty-third revenue district,
which comprises more than half of the State. In its business, which is confined exclusively to the brewing of malt
liquors, it employs I,250 men.
This great enterprise was established February 9,
I899, and has spacious offices on the first floor of the
Carnegie Building on  Fifth  Avenue, Pittsburgh.  Its
officers are: F. W. Mueller, president; Wm. Ruske, secretary; John P. Ober, treasurer; Herman Straub, general superintendent, and C. H. Ridall, manager of the
sales department. The directors are: Leopold Vilsack,
H. E. Wainwright, F. W. Mueller, Frederick Gwinner,
Sr., T. F. Straub, Joseph A. O'Neill, Marcus Aaron, A.
A. Frauenheim and Wm. Ruske, many of whom are
experienced in the business and regarded as experts.
This company owns the following named breweries:
The Phoenix Brewery, twelfth ward, Pittsburgh; Wainwright, fifteenth ward, Pittsburgh; Iron City, sixteenth ward, Pittsburgh; Keystone, twenty-fourth ward,
Pittsburgh; Winter, twenty-sixth ward, Pittsburgh;
Eberhardt  Ober, seventh ward, Allegheny; Bauerlein,3 52  T H E    S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G I1
$8o6,142.19
Shaler Township, Allegheny County; McKeesport, McKeesport, Pa.; Latrobe, Latrobe, Pa.; Mt. Pleasant, Mt.
Pleasant, Pa.; Jeannette, Jeannette, Pa.; Connellsville,
at Connellsville, Pa., and the Uniontown brewery at
Uniontown, Pa. Its capital is $19,500,000, and its capacity I,5oo,ooo barrels.
The vast business carried on by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company, and the care with which the same is managed are indicated by the following:
Statement of assets and liabilities, October 27, I906.
ASSETS.
Brought forward..................
Dividends on common stock, quarterly
(Nov.,'05; Feb.,'o6; May,'o6; Aug.,'o6 )..............................             298,108.42
Total  disbursements................ $1,104,25o.6i
Net  gain...................................                 5II,626.3
Add credit balance Oct. 28,I 1905........   3I,299.56
Net credit balance Oct. 2 7, I90o6................... $3,612,925.92
Total barrels sold  during  year.................... 93o,603 7-8
Total barrels sold during previous year.. 8o6,777,6-8
Gain  for year......................... 123,826 I-8
o65,042.OI
380,717.56
65 7,932-03
Cash on hand and in banks................ $i,i
Bonds and mortgages and bills receivable. I,,
Accounts receivable-sales ledgers......
Construction accounts-improvements at
breweries in course of completion....
Brewery  inventory...................
General office inventory...............
Sinking  fund account.................
Land, buildings, machinery and equipment o f brewery plants............. I 8,,
Total  assets............... $22,,
UNSOLD STOCKS AND BONDS IN TREASURY.
90,286.oo       I8 bonds
58,5254      7,998 shares preferred stock.
27054 *        0,755 shares common stock.
252,259.25
F. W. Mueller, president of the Pittsburgh Brewing
271,532.5 I  Company, was born in Germany in 1847, and reared and
educated in his native country. Coming to America in
328,747.33   I873 he located first at Cincinnati and later at Hamilton, Ohio, where he remained twelve years. He came to
Pittsburgh in 1887 and engaged in the brewing business,
jIg oo oo   in which he has been unusually successful. Mr. Mueller
IOO,I00.00   was made president of the Pittsburgh Brewing Company
962,20 00 in February, 1900, as a compliment to his ability and
70,2oo.6o   industry, and has filled this responsible position ably and
77,190.00   creditably ever since.
6o, 700. 8I    John P. Ober, treasurer, was born in Allegheny in
1848. He worked in his father's brewery until I870
I 26,380-00  when, with Mr. Eberhardt, he started a brewery, which
was later incorporated as the Eberhardt  Ober Brew-,715,821-41  ing Company and remained such until merged into the,612,925.92 Pittsburgh Brewing Company.
LIABILITIES.
Capital account:
Bonds...........................
Preferred stock.....................
Common  stock.....................
Due  for  merchan dise.................
Premium account.....................
Reserve for State capital tax, etc.......
Accrued interest on bonds for four (4)
months..........................
$61,
6,
5yi
S
31
Total liabilities.......................... $It
Undivided profits October 27,  I90
Statement of receipts and disbursements
ending October 27, I906:
2,32,74  33   THE  STAR  BREWING  COMPANY  -When the
2,32,74-33 Star Brewing Company, Greensburg, Pa., was organized,
its f or year  its projectors had one idea in mind-the equipment of a
perfect plant and the placing on the market of a pure and
wholesome product. How well the company has suc6,494,499-II   ceeded in its ambitions is to tell the story of its compara4,190,359-54   tively short history. From the time the Star brands were
first marketed, they came into favor, and to-day their
2,304,139-5 7  popularity is wide-spread.
688,262.6o0      If one visits the thoroughly modern plant of the company it will not be a difficult task to find sufficient rea11615,876-97   son for this popularity. The architect-a man of experience and reputation-was instructed to design a plant
$379,140.00   second to none in the country.  He was given carte
blanche in every respect. The company wanted the best
of equipment the country afforded. They got it, and the
427,002. I9  result is a model brewery.  But their endeavors for excellence in beer, it may be said, had only begun. It was
$8o6l,I42.I i  decided that nothing but the purest of hops and malt
RECEIPTS.
By receipts from all sources.........
To  gross expenditures.............
Balance......................
Less depreciation  f or past year.........                             z....    $,I....
Net earnings for year............... $ -
DISBURSEMENTS.
Interest on bonds (Jan. and July,'o6)..
Dividends on preferred stock, quarterly
(Nov.,'o5; Feb.,'o6; May,'o6; Aug.,'o6)..............................
Carried forward..................T H E   S T OR Y   O F   P     T T S B U R G H   3)53E. F. RUSCH One of the most important branches
of general business in Pittsburgh is the promotion of
trade in lines competitive with local industries. This is
distinctively true of the brewing business.  It is not
meant that the products of the Pittsburgh breweries are
inferior to those of other places, but that the home
product is not equal to the demand. This accounts for
the large sale of the Moerlein Brewing Company's output in this city. Another reason for the popularity of
the Moerlein beverage is the genial personality of the
man who represents the firm. He makes friends and
keeps them, an essential qualification for a successful
business man.
The Moerlein Brewing Company, of Cincinnati,
established its agency in Pittsburgh in 1874, and at that
time was represented by Joseph Breuning. The excellence of its product was soon recognized and appreciated
Business increased rapidly, and larger quarters were soon
needed. In 1895 the Iron City branch was located at its
present quarters, 556 and 558 Second Avenue, with Mr.
Ernest F. Rusch in charge. In Mr. Rusch rival brewers
found a foe worthy of their steel. Aggressive and confident in the high-grade qualities of Moerlein goods he
soon made the name of the company synonymous with
"square deal. " The people o f Pittsburgh learned the
lesson that when they bought the product of the Moerlein
Brewing Company they were getting full value for their
money. Mr. Rusch looked ahead. He realized that the
very foundation of a progressive and healthy business
was to build up a class of satisfied patrons.  Nothing
succeeds like success, and the experience of the Moerlein
Brewing Company in Pittsburgh is a striking adaptation
of this adage. This beer is found in nearly every reputable place. In fact it is almost necessary to keep Moerlein on draught to retain the most desirable people as
customers. When the fact that a certain brand of anything has invariably good qualities becomes indelibly impressed on the mind of the public, that brand is demanded
and no "just as good" substitute is received.  This is
characteristic of Moerlein beer.
Mr. Rusch, who was born in Pittsburgh in I865, had
a large acquaintance among the people of that city, and
as a result of his reputation for honest dealing and
straight methods he extended the business and increased
the popularity of the beer until the name of Moerlein
has grown to be as familiar to Pittsburgh people as if
the establishment were located in that burg. Mr. Rusch
rose from very humble surroundings to be one of the
leading citizens of the "Smoky City."  He is proud of
being a native of this great industrial center, and that
he obtained his education in its schools. He is a member
of the local lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is an enthusiastic supporter of that order.
He is also connected with other fraternal and charitable
organizations. He is married and has a happy family,
with which he spends much o f his time. No man in
would be used, and that the making of the product should
always be in the hands of a competent staff of brewing
managers. These resolutions were most religiously kept,
contributing not a little to the perfection of quality set
as standard.
The story of beer-making is an old one, but a description of a plant such as the Star Company has at its command is not a dry story at all. It represents all the attractiveness of an up-to-date brewery.
The main building of the plant is 125 X IIO feet in
dimensions. It is a substantial structure of brick and
stone and is graceful in appearance.  It towers high
above the level of the flat in which it is built. Here the
prevailing idea of the entire structure-that of neatness
and cleanliness is  plainly  evident.  The  machinery
fairly glistens in its brightness, everything is spick and
span, in fact one could well imagine himself in the testing room of some big plant devoted exclusively to the
manufacture of power-creating machines. Power is furnished by a ninety-horse-power engine from a pair of
150-horse-power boilers.  In the engine room are also
two refrigerating machines of thirty-five tons capacity
each, a thirty-barrel hop-jack, and a powerful EppingCarpenter pump.
Besides the main building are the offices, a bottling
house, a shipping-yard and stables. In the shipping-yard
is an artesian well, from which hourly 300 barrels of
pure water are brought to the surface. In addition there
is also an ice plant, in which twenty tons of ice are made
each day.
The capacity of the brewery is 35,000 barrels of
beer a year, but this amount can be increased.
One must visit the plant to get a clear conception of
its completeness. Labor-saving and sanitary devices
abound everywhere. The making of beer has progressed
with great steps and bounds in recent years, and the Star
plant is in every respect the acme of perfection.  Harry
F. Alwine is president and general manager, David F.
Hudson is the treasurer. They have surrounded themselves with a corps of assistants thoroughly capable, and
the painstaking efforts of every one connected with the
plant are reflected in the excellence of the product.
BREWERS' AGENTS
AN IMPORTANT ADJUNCT TO THE BREWERY TRADE ABLY CONDUCTED BY LOCAL AGENTS
When Pittsburgh breweries turn out their yearly output of 2,ooo,ooo barrels of beer, their work is done, but
that of another, the brewery agent, is just begun. Distributing brewery production in a district as expansive as
this is an undertaking of Herculean proportions. Bottling
beer is one of the biggest items, as in this way hundreds
of small dealers and drinkers must be taken care of. This
important adjunct of the brewery trade has been reduced
to a system in Pittsburgh.354  T H E   S T O R Y   O  F   P I T T S B U R G H
Buffum  sold his interest to J. C. Buffum  1845,the
latter continuing the business under that name until the
business was incorporated in I899 under the name J. C.
Buffum Company. J. E. Baylor is the president of the
company, and George C. Ross is treasurer.
SAUERKRAUT MANUFACTURERS
INVENTION HAS REVOLUTIONIZED THE PREPARATION OF THIS
HEALTHFUL AND MUCH LIKED EDIBLE
Sauerkraut consumption in Pittsburgh is such that
its manufacture in Pittsburgh is a large industry among
the city's varied food products. New invention has revolutionized the preparation of this edible until it is more
easily made, and under better sanitary conditions than
pioneers in this line ever dreamed of. Pittsburgh's great
German population is a big user of sauerkraut, and it is
more and more becoming a regular fixture on the American bill of fare.
J. G. McCASKEY  CO. J. G. McCaskey  Co.,
brokers, Penn Building, enjoy the distinction of being
the largest dealers in sauerkraut in the United States.
They represent and sell for two-thirds of the manufacturers. The firm was established in I895, and at that
time there were very few houses in Pittsburgh handling
the product, and those who did bought very sparingly.
In the twelve years the firm has been in business, they
have seen their trade increase from almost nothing until
it now handles the very large amount of from 400 to
500 car-loads a year.
The factories represented by the McCaskey Company
are conducted on modern sanitary principles, furnishing
the cleanest product manufactured in the world. The
firm does an exporting business of no mean proportions,
having considerable trade in Mexico. It is only in late
years that the manufacture of sauerkraut has become
one of the principal industries connected with agriculture. From an insignificant beginning the output last
year amounted to about 8,ooo carloads, increasing in
volume at the rate of 25 per cent. a year.
Pittsburgh enjoys a larger number of acquaintances, and
none is more popular. To have Mr. Rusch as a friend is
held as a privilege.
CARBONATORS AND BOTTLERS
A DEMAND THAT IS CONSTANTLY GROWING IN AN INCREASING
FIELD
The modern cafe and drug store owe much of their
trade to the increasing efficiency of the carbonating and
bottling industry. This business specialty has grown
from the work of charging seltzer and other siphons to
the equipping of entire establishments with apparatus
which guarantees a more sanitary product than ever
before known. The demand for this specialized work is
a -constantly growing one and the field is continually
enlarging.
THE J. C. BUFFUM COMPANY-It is certainly
something to Pittsburgh to have within its borders one
of the most extensive establishments of its kind in the
country. The industries of the J. C. Buffum Company,
122 Third Avenue, carbonators and bottlers, are among
the unique institutions of the city, and the marvelous
growth of the company has only shown the possibilities
that can be attained by a firm which guarantees-the purity
and quality of its products.
One of the first needs of a company whose products
are to satisfy and please the taste of the most fastidious
is absolute cleanliness in work rooms and processes.
That this condition is abundantly met by the J. C. Buffum
Company, a visit to their bottling works will evince. To
make and bottle only the very best goods that can be
made has been the chief aim of this company, and in the
accomplishment of this end lies the secret of the firm's
success, both financially and in reputation. Its ginger
ale, lemon soda, sarsaparilla soda and carbonated waters
are among this firm's popular products.
The J. C. Buffum Company began business in a
cellar on Third Avenue in I845. The firm was in existence prior to I845 as J. C.  H. W. Buffum. H. W.DIVESFEkANFCUE
More Than Three Thousand Manufacturing Establish-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C,P
ments in the Pittsburgh District-Every Year Shows a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t
Stead  InraeadGetrDvrsfcto   fIdsre
a Pittsburgh firm and installed in a Pittsburgh steel
plant, where it successfully serves its purpose.
Practically all tubing used for electric conduit work
throughout the country is a Pittsburgh product, while a
Pittsburgh concern is one of the largest of those engaged
in turning out conduit as a finished article.  The growth
of this industry in late years has been enormous, due to
the phenomenal demand for electrical equipment in office
buildings, industrial plants and homes. Similarly, wonderful growth can be credited to the little-heard-of calling
of manufacturing dental supplies. Few people going to
have a tooth filled or capped or for false work, realize
that gold crowns are molded now and porcelain work is
baked, while the old foot engine the dentist used has
given way to an electric motor.
Scale manufacturing and general mill supply in western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio and West Virginia is one
of the larger industries. Few mill owners go outside of
Pittsburgh to buy the heavier kind of scales. This latter
is an achievement upon the part of scale manufacturers
of Pittsburgh ranking with the greatest things done by
Pittsburghers, for the manufacture of scales has for years
been in the hands of a few companies whose product had
come to be accepted as standard everywhere. Nevertheless, the older companies do a big business in Pittsburgh.
They have big agencies here, greater than those in many
large cities, and consider this territory one of the biggest
outlets for the output of their factories.
Glass-manufacturing is one of the industries claimed
as Pittsburgh's own. What little effort has been made
to dislodge Pittsburgh from its position of glass supremacy has been spasmodic at best and marked by failure.
Indiana has tried it, but that state has proved to have
neither enough gas deposits nor the high quality deHETHER it is a great section of plate glass
that the prospective buyer is seeking, or
anything in the glass line, or whether he is
after a pattern in bronze, wants-safes or
locks for his home and place of business, needs electric
fixtures, even fillings for teeth and a multitude of other
things produced by man and machinery, Pittsburgh is the
place to get it.  In no other section of the country is
there produced such a varied line of manufactured articles. This is not to be wondered at when it is considered
that gas and coal are here in plenty and that raw material
for manufacturing, as evidenced by the everlasting activity of the hundreds of mills, is always conveniently at
hand, and when made up finds ready sale.
General manufacturing in the Pittsburgh district has
been one series of continually expanding activity. Plants
which, even as late as ten years ago, seemed capable of
handling the great volume of business originating here,
have long since become inadequate. Millions of dollars
are being spent every year in the building of additions
or entirely new plants. Each year sees a great increase
in the amount of shipping done by Pittsburgh manufacturers, evidencing a wonderful growth in the amount of
business these manufacturers are doing outside the Steel
City and its environs.
The home market, too, is a steadily improving source
of new business. The Pittsburgh product, as, for instance, safes, locks, bronzes and some specialties, is coming to be more and more demanded by Pittsburgh industries over- the similar products made by concerns
distant from this city. Where heavy material, like that
needed f or mill and. mine work, is wanted, Pittsburgh
manufacturers have the call.  The heaviest scale ever
built, a 200-ton suspension aff air, recently was built by
355356  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I1 T T S B U R G H
manded in glass manufacture. The great Pittsburgh district natural gas belt has made glass-making a fixture here.
The show-winclows of the world are viewed through
plate glass made in Pittsburgh, while tableware, art glass
and the various glass specialties originate here, f or the
greater part, and are sold in a market whose only confines
are the four corners of the earth.
PLATE AND WINDOW GLASS
MANY SKIM LIGHTLY TOWARD RICHES OVER THE SMOOTH ROUTE
OF GLASS MANUFACTURE
The story of plate and window-glass making in Pittsburgh is a romance in itself.  It is a calling that has
tempted many a man of fortune and greater numbers
without wealth who sought to skim lightly toward riches
over the seemigly smooth route of glass manufacture.
The business, however, has proved, as a financial venture,
anything but as transparent as the product.
Captain John B. Ford, commonly referred to as the
father of glass-making, was 70 years old when he established glass-making on a large scale in the Pittsburgh district. He was a poor man, after having once been rich,
and again became wealthy before reaching 80 years
of age.
With great plants at Charleroi, Monessen, Ford City
and other towns, not to mention the South Side, Pittsburgh, glass-making forms one of the trinity of industrial
triumphs by the Pittsburgh district, the other two being
steel-making and coal production. The building of great
sky-scrapers, with the accompanying demand for glass,
has been a big impetus in latter years to the glass industry. Introduction of machines for making the product,
once strenuously fought by organizations representing
the workingmen, has had a far-reaching effect, and the
glass trade generally to-day is enjoying most satisfactory
business conditions.
THE ALLEGHENY PLATE GLASS COMPANY
Prominent among the newer group of Pittsburgh industries is the Allegheny Plate Glass Company, established in I900, just after the Pittsburgh Plate Glass
Company's combine. Charles B. McLean is the president, and the other officers of the company are: H. M.
Brackenridge, vice-president; W. J. Strassburger, secretary and treasurer; C. C. McLean, assistant treasurer,
with these four and J. W. Hemphill, L. Vilsack, John
Caldwell, George A. McLean and D. A. Reed as directors. About 400 men are employed by this industry,
and the products are polished and rough plate glass,
mirrors with bending and beveling. The firm has a capitalization of one million dollars, with a bond issue of
a half million.  The general offices are at Glassmere,
Allegheny County, on the Conemaugh Division of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. The factory was built with
every modern convenience, and was the first to successfully operate a Lehr for annealing glass instead of the
old-fashioned kilns used in the factories operating before it. It has grown steadily until to-day it is one of
the largest independent producing plants in America. Mr.
McLean, who is also president of the Glassmere Land
Company, and of the Lincoln National Bank, has been at
the head of the company since its formation. Mr. Brackenridge, the original treasurer, is of Brackenridge, Pa.,
and has many interests in the Allegheny Valley as well
as in Pittsburgh. The company enjoys the continued
patronage of the largest independent jobbers in the
country, and the entire product is sold direct from the
office at Glassmere.
CHAMBERS WINDOW GLASS COMPANYGlass-making is one of the most ancient of arts. There
are specimens of various kinds of glass now in existence
which date back, it is said, to several thousands of years
before Christ. This ancient industry, although ranking
among the most useful arts of antiquity, has been known
to Pittsburgh for a little over a century only. But this,
doubtless, was no fault of the Pittsburgh known to the
annals of the latter part of the eighteenth century, but
because the settlement at the forks of the Ohio was not
then prepared to manufacture the transparent product,
both for want of material and lack of demand.  However, during the last decade of the eighteenth century
several glass factories were established in western Pennsylvania with varying degrees of success.
Whether Albert Gallatin's little plant at the mouth
of George's Creek in Fayette County, now New Geneva,
antedated the O'Hara venture on the Southside, Pittsburgh, is clouded with conflicting testimony by the advocates of each.  In the "Centennial History of Allegheny County," published in 1888 on the dedication of
the new Court-House-which, by the way, was considered big enough for several generations-the author s,
Father A. A. Lambing and the late Judge J. W. F. White,
included this statement:
"The first glass-works were established by Gen.
James O'Hara and Major Isaac Craig in 1797, located
on the Southside at the base of Coal Hill, directly opposite the Point, on the junction of the two rivers, on
land purchased from Ephriam Jones and Ephriam
Blaine. The second glass-works were erected by Beelen
 Denny in I800 on the Northside, opposite the head of
Aliquippa Island (Brunot's ), which gave the name to
glass-house riffle."
Whether Gallatin or O'Hara was first to engage in
the local glass business, the fact remains that the industry
grew until for very many years it was second only to
iron and steel in the Pittsburgh district and is of enormous proportions to-day.
One of the men who has spent a lifetime in the local
glass business and is thoroughly familiar with the same,
is J. A. Chambers, president of the Chambers WindowGlass Comnpany, a Pittsburgh concern with a large plant
at Mt. Vernon, Ohio. The vice-president of the company is Leopold Mambourg, and A. C. Howard is secretary and treasurer.  These officers with George T.
Oliver and O. D. Thomlpson constitute the board of
directors. They established the business at Mt. Vernon,
Ohio, in I906, and manufacture all kinds of cylinder
window-glass, making the celebrated "Chambers Coluimbia Brand," the "Chambers Crystal Picture" and the
"Chambers Select 26-OZ."  The works is the largest
independent plant in Amnerica and the finest equipped
glass-works in the world.  They have 500 employees
and $400,000 capital. The offices are in Pittsburgh and
Mt. Vernon.
CONROY, PRUGH  CO., MANUFACTURERS
OF MIRRORS-After experimental work extending
over three years and a half,
John M. Conroy perfected
his invention for nmanufacturing  mnirrors, and in I885
the firm of Conroy  Prugh
was organized.  This firm
has  continued -tip  to  the
present timne with the single
change caused by the entrance of the late Mr. D. K.
Prugh   as  third  partner.
The firmn at present is com1posed of John M. Conroy
and Edwin N. Prugh.
The company manufacture mirrors and are jobbers in plate glass and fancy
glass. It prodcuces all kinds
of mirrors, framed, display
iilrrors, toilet mi  r r o r s,
shocks, etc. When tlhe business started, two employees were all that were engaged,
now they number I50.  All properties of the-firm  and
factories are clear of incumbrance, and all stock paid for.
The liabilities 1never exceed $2,500.
The warehoouses are at Nos. I430 to I435 Western
Avenue, and at 1326-I332 Hopkins Street, Allegheny,
Pa., with factories in Western Avenue, Blake and Hopkins Streets, Allegheny.  The goods are represented in
every city of consequence in the United States and enjoy
a fair Canadian, Mexican and export trade.
Before Mr. Conroy macle his invention, some miirrors
were made in New York by the "old mercury" process,
requiring three weeks from  the time the glass was
silveredc until it was ready to market.  By his process
it takes hardly a day; American plate glass right at hand
further added to quick service.
In the "old mercury" mirror the silvering material
is made of amalgam of quicksilver and tinfoil, while the
Conroy process is a coating of pure' silver deposited on
the glass.  The glass is then heated to a proper teniperature, an adhesive substance spread over the silvered
surface and all protected by a coating of tinfoil to save
the mirror from  damage in handling or atmospheric
influtience. When the glass is cool, it is ready to m1arket.
Mr. John M. Conroy, the inventor of the patented
1mirror, was born in Lancaster County, Pa. After graduating at the Lancaster City High School he taught a
country school.  In I867 he remnoved to Pittsburgh, in
which city and Allegheny he continuecl his eclducationwork as a school principal tip to the time he engaged in
the mirror business.
Mr. Conr-oy is a self-made man and a prolific inventor.  By his inventions he has added much to the
glass industry.  The United States Patent Office, in
awarding him a patent, gave himt the credit of creating
a new art. At the Chicago
Wor-ld's Fair he was awarded a diploma as an inventor.
Mr. Edwin N. Prugh
was born in Xenia, Ohio,
where he graduated from
the  H-igh School in I:872.
After a few years in business at Dayton, Ohio, he
came to Pittsburgh in I88I,
where he was traveling
salesman for Joseph Horne
 Co. In I885 he formed
a partnership with John M.
Conroy for the 1manufacture of mirlrors, also doing
a general glass busitness.
THE HEIDENKAMP
MIRROR COMPANYThe history of the Heidenkamp Mirror Company is the story of the life of Mr.
Joseph Heidenkamp since he came to America from Germany in 1882 when I9 years of age, and who, when he
arrived at Tarentimm, had just four silver dollars in his
possession.  He secured work in the Creighton plant of
the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company and continued in
their employ for a number of years, gaining a knowledge
of the plate-glass manufacture that has proven a most
valuable asset to him in the condtuct of his business.
In 1892 he resigned his position with the Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Company and established hinmself in the
mirror business in Tarentun, where, beginning in a small
way, in a few years he had developed his business to the
extent that it was one of the largest in its line in the
country. His great success up to that time was directly
the result of his great perseverance andc untiring energy,
and encouraged  h'fim to believe that he could succeed in
a larger field than that of the mirror business, and, afterGeorge M. Paden entered the bank in I873, and was
elected assistant cashier in I888. W. W. Bell was elected
assistant cashier in I905, prior to that date having been
cashier of N. Holmes  Sons, which house he entered
in I872.
To  the careful conservative management of the
bank's affairs by its officers and directorate is due no
small share of its success. All
men of sterling business ethics,
any institution would be honored and its efficiency augmented
by their counsel and ruling.
The directors are: Thos. M.
Armstrong, Adam Wilson, John
H. Wilson, Durbin Horne, John
R. McCune, Wm. M. Rees,
Johns McCleave, Jas. H. Lockhart, R. S. Smith, H. K. Porter, H. J. Heinz, Robt. A. Orr,
J. D. D. Lyon, Nathaniel Holmes,
C. F. Dean, Frank Semple, H.
Darlington, H. Lee Mason, Jr.,
Frank A. McCune, Jno. Worthington.
THE UNION NATIONAL
BANK OF NEW BRIGHTON,
PA. It is really true that banks
in the so-called smaller cities are
larger and of greater importance
than  are  popularly  supposed.
Hardly do dwellers in the large
city realize the stability and security of some of the country
banks. Yet when the test comes,
the facts of the case are very
evident.  More than  once, in
times of stress and stringency,
when  pretentious metropolitan
institutions have either toppled
or temporarily  suspended, the
prudently conducted bank in the
outlying district has stood undisturbed, not troubled at all, but
fully retaining and justifying the
utmost confidence of its patrons
and depositors. An excellent exemplification  of the  strength
and advantages of a near suburban banking institution
is the Union National Bank of New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Ably managed by men of far-reaching experience in banking, this bank has every facility, every
safeguard, every modern convenience.
Essentially, banking is a close, confidential relation between the officers and directors of a bank and its patrons.
The banker who knows a customer personally so well as
to be certain that his confidence is not misplaced, is in
a position to extend, to the advantage of all concerned,
accommodations that otherwise could not be afforded.
The Union National Bank of New Brighton is noted for
its courteous, fair and considerate treatment of custoners, yet the carefulness and fidelity of its officers are
attested by the fact that from all causes whatsoever the
total losses of the bank in over
16 years amount to less than
$250.
The prosperity of a bank,
nearly  always,  indicates  the
thrift of the community. Business conditions in New  Brighton and  vicinity  are  such  as
keep  constantly  in circulation
large amounts of money. In
the exercise of its proper functions the Union National Bank
performs important and appreciated service.  R i g h tly, the
"Union National" restricts itself to local business. But it receives  collections  from,  and
makes collections in, all parts of
the United States, giving in this
respect a prompt and  efficient
service.  It allows interest on
time deposits, if left for six
months or more, either on certificates or savings accounts.
The Union National Bank
of New Brighton was organized
on April 20, I891, with a capital of $5o,ooo. To meet the
demands of a greatly enlarged
business, the capitalization was
subsequently increased to $Ioo,ooo.  Its present surplus and
undivided profits are $92,224.96. At the time of making its
last report, it was custodian of
deposits amounting  to  $455,318.95, and the sum of its resources was $75I,188.53.
The officers of the Union
National Bank of New Brighton
are: C. M. Merrick, President;
E. H. Seiple, Vice-President; George L. Hamilton,
Cashier, and A. L. Bingham, Assistant Cashier. On its
directorate are some of the best known and most
responsible  and  highly  respected  citizens  of New
Brighton, namely:  C. M. Merrick, President of the
Standard Horse Nail Company; E. H. Seiple, Treasurer
of the Standard Horse Nail Company; W. C. Simpson,
Physician; John  A. Jackson, of Butler  Jackson,
UNION NATIONAL BANK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH358  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
ration, the Pittsbur-gh Plate Glass Company has easily
clistanced all rivals in its line of business, and it is now
alnost entirely w,itthott a comnpetitor worthy the name.
Conditiotis haaving proved so favorable, and the business
having always been in the hantls of tien t lwho have hacl
thorotigul knowledge of the industry, the gigantic proportions of the otitput and its allied enterprises have
been achievedv with ease.  Its prodtucts are reliable, and
this fact, togetlher witth the business reputation of its
officers ancl directors, have contributed largely to the
phenomenal sticcess of the concern.  Naturally this lime
liglht of dlistinction in whiclh the company stands brings
to it 1-iluch bulsiness tiusotigult, all of which, from the
least order to the greatest, is attended to with the same
courtesy ancl dispatch by its army of trusted and skilful
employees.
Thle officers are as follows: Jol-n Pitcairti, chairman of the board of directors; W. L. Clause, presiclent;
Charles W. Brown, vice-president and chairman of the
conmmercial cleparttmlent; W. D. Hartupee, second vicepresiident and chairman mnanufacturin(g departmnent; Edward Pitcairnt, treas-Lrer; C. R. Mon1tgonmery, secretary.
a careful study of thle trade conclitions, he decided upon
the manufacture of plate glass. In April, Igoo, he comlpleted the purchase of the tract of land in Springdale
and at once proceeded to erect his factory, whlich was
completed and ready to operate Janluary I9, IgoI, when
tlhe first cast was made.
The plant as originally estalblished had two 24-pot
furnaces and six comibination grinding and polishing
machines. It was one of the first factories to successfully anneal plate glass with a Lehr. The business from
the start demonstrated its success tinder thle personal
management of M\4r. Heidenkamp, and  it wvas soon
deemed advisable to increase the capacity.  A/lore ftirnaces were erected, more grindingg ancl polisljing tniachines added, the Lehr was enlarged, and iiiany other
extensions and imnprovemnents were made with the result
that the plant is now  ttirning over 2,00n,000 feet of
polished plate glass anntually, wvhich is alwvays sure of
a ready mnarket, the product findlitig its way to everv
State and territory in the Union.  For several years
after the establishment of the plant at Springclale, mirrors were manufactured in connection with the plate
PITTSBLJRGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY PLANT AT FORD CITY ES=ENI)ING A MILLE ALONG THEIs ALLEGHENY RIVER
Tlje directors are John Pitcairn, E. A. Hitchacock,
WV. WV. Hero, W. L. Clause, W. D. Hartupee, Charles
WV. Brown and Clarence M. Brown.
PRESSED GLASS
IT TAKES A CONNOISSEUR TO TELL LOCAL-MADE PRESSED GLASS
FROM THE CUT-GLASS ARTICLE'Ilhe -ltakin, of talbleware, aliotlier of the several
branclhes of u-lass-making, has for years been one of Pittsburglh's lig initustries.  Pressed glass for such uses is
mnade  here and put into general use throughout the coUtntry.  Pittsbuigrlh manufacturers in this line have always
spent iiioney liberally to secure the best mnen and designs,
thereby giVillg their prodluct a distinction that has made
it readily mal-ketable.  Such is the fine Nvorkmanship in
those shapes in whaich cut glass is 1mcade that only a connoisseur can tell which is the pressed and which is the
cut-glass article.
UNITED STATES GLASS COMPANY- Having a capital of $3,200,0o0 ancl operating eleven finely
equippecl  plants, the United States Glass Company holds
glass business, but 1\1Ir. Heidenkal-ip founcl that he coul(l
not give sufficient attention to tle dletails of the mnirrorbusiness, therefore he discontinued nlaking  mnirrors and
has since given his entire energy to the mnanufacture of
polished plate glass, in which he has been so eminently
successftl.'t'he personnel of the corporation is as follows:
Joseph Heidenkamp, president; E. H. Mi\eyers, secretary;
A. L.  Heidenkamnp,  treasurer.   Directors:  Joseph
Heidenkamp, E. H. M/Ieyers, Jacol) Friday, A. L. HTeidenkamp, Tr. C. Heidenkamp.
THE PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS CO:M:PANY-This company enjoys the distinction of being the largest concern of its kind not only in this country, btit in the worlld.  It operates ten factories located
respectively at Creiglton, Charleroi, Elwood, Ford Citvs
Tarentumn and WValton in Pennsylvania, one at IKokotio,
Indiana, and one at Crystal City, M/\issouri.  It has jolbing houses and offices in all the large cities of the United
States, the chief offices being located in the Frick Btuilding, Pittsburgh.
In the twenty-five years of its existence as a corpoT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    359
decorative work in the home and the business office. Art,
or cathedral glass, has entered into commercial use more
generally in the last 20 years than for 50 years previous.
Mosaic decorating has become almost a necessity in the
modern office palace, and stained glass is in great demand
in home building, even among the cheaper class of residences.
THE PITTSBURGH ART GLASS  MOSAIC
DECORATIVE CO.-Splendidly in evidence, not only
in Pittsburgh, but elsewhere in various parts of the
United States and Canada, is the work of the Pittsburgh
Art Glass   Mosaic Decorative Co.  In elaborately
wrought and beautiful memorial church windows; in
wonderfully constructed canopies; in a great variety of
tasteful articles of the finest mosaic for house-decoration; in tinted glass windows for palace and other cars;
in gorgeous signs made of rock crystal that are more
than ordinarily attractive and at the same time save
largely in the amount of electricity required for their
illumination; in fact in almost every f orm that colored
glass may be utilized or fabricated, the company is more
than successfully competing.
Its four-story factory, I6 Isabella Street, in which are
installed the best appliances for the fabrication of art
glass, is at once a workshop and a studio. The achievements of the artist are supplemented and multiplied by
mechanical aids. On over 20,000 f eet of floor space is
exemplified American ingenuity.
The company was organized in May, 1903, but so
rapidly did the business increase that in two years it was
advisable not only to secure larger quarters, but to
quadruple the capital of the corporation.
The officers of the Pittsburgh Art Glass  Mosaic
Decorative Co. are: W. L. Slack, President; F. C.
Coppes, Vice-President; R. M. Jones, Treasurer; A. W.
Weiterhausen, Secretary, and Thomas J. Gaytee, General Manager.
To President Slack, who as the former secretary of
the Mesta Machine Company was a man well known to
the iron trade, is due much of the progress made through
the company's efficient management. Thomas J. Gaytee,
the General Manager of the company, was formerly with
the Tiffany Studios in New York.
BRONZE MANUFACTURERS
AN INDUSTRY IN WHICH PITTSBURGH HAS THE MARKET PRACTICALLY TO ITSELF
Bronze enters so much into the operation of mills and
other big inclustries in the Pittsburgh district that the
brass founders' craft has come to be a very important
and prosperous calling. Blast furnaces, of which there
are a great number, are big users of bronze, and where
bronze only will serve their purpose.  The result has
been the building up of several bronze foundries, which
an enviable position among the industries of the Pittsburgh district.  With factories in Pittsburgh, Glassport,
Pa., Gas City, Ind., and Tiffin, Ohio, the company is able
to take advantage of the most convenient of shipping
facilities and largest deposits of natural gas, while it
caters to the trade of the world through magnificent
showrooms located in all the large cities of the United
States, Mexico City, Mexico; London, England; Sidney,
Australia; Havana, Cuba, and other centers of business.
This company manufactures pressed tableware, leadblown stem ware, lead-blown tumblers, show jars, sodafountain supplies, decorated ware ( gold-etched, enameled, engraved and sand-blast), lamps, pressed stemware, pressed tumblers, pressed beer-mugs, confectioners' supplies, druggist ware other than bottles, packers'
ware, novelties, private mold-work, photographers'
goods, pavement light s, prism  window-lights, wine sets,
fancy-cut goods and other articles in glass.
A visit to the general office and salesrooms, Ninth
and Bingham Streets, Southside, Pittsburgh, would be
necessary to gather an adequate idea of what this compan y is doing. A floor space of Io,ooo feet is devoted
to the display of more than 20,ooo different articles of
glassware that are sold in every quarter of the globe.
Odd shapes made for different countries are shown, and
it might be said of the company that it makes glass for
everything and everybody under the sun.
In each of the concern's eleven factories a certain
class of ware is made, each force of workmen being
trained to the highest skill in a particular branch of the
trade.  Special labor-saving  machinery is used.  The
Tiffin, Ohio, and Gas City, Ind., plants are considered
ideally located for cheap-freight deliveries to the West,
while the Pittsburgh plants are most centrally placed to
command easy access to the labor market. The Pittsburgh structures occupy ground worth from $2 to $6 a
square foot, which must be sold for other than factory
uses in the near future. The company, to be ready f or
this contingency, has in reserve 500. acres of land on
the Monongahela water f ront above McKeesport, Pa.
An army of men is given employment by the United
States Glass Company, including a corps of trained salesmen who travel in all parts of the world, and a number
of women and girls. The officers are: President, D. C.
Ripley, a man who knows the glass business from A
to Z; Vice-President, H. D. W. English; Secretary and
Treasurer, W. C. King; Manuf acturing Manager, William M. Anderson; Commercial Manager, M. G. Bryce.
GLASS AND MOSAIC DECORATING
PITTSBURGH TASTE CALLS FOR ART GLASS AND MOSAIC DECORATING FOR HOME AND OFFICE
That the public's taste f or the artistic is a growing
quantity is nowhere better evidenced than in the constantly increasing demand for art glass, mosaic and other360  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
road journal-bearing steam-metal, driving boxes for
heavy railroad engines manufactured from Corinthian
bronze which cannot be excelled, all kinds of brass and
bronze rolling-mill castings weighing from 500 to I,OOO
pounds, heavy bronze liners for the United States Government weighing from 2,500 to 2,800 pounds, and the
Kerr  Smith malleable bronze, the latter exclusively
manufactured.
CORK
PITTSBURGH NOW ONE OF THE GREATEST CONSUMERS OF CORKS
FOR BOTTLING
Pittsburgh is one of the greatest bottling centers in
the United States, and cork is one of the principal means
by which the growth of bottling and its present immense
proportions are measured. Glass-bottle making has been
a Pittsburgh industry since glass first began to be produced on a large scale, and cork-making has grown with
it. However, cork-manufacturing here has reached into
newer fields and includes every variety of product having
cork in its make-up. Home consumption is quite a factor
in the cork business, the sales among druggists, bottlers
and others for purely home trade being on a large scale.
THE ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY Floating buoyantly on the high tide of success long continued
is the Armstrong Cork Company.
A leader in its field of industry, an old-established
company with a splendid reputation and a far-extended
trade, a corporation scarcely outclassed in importance by
any manufacturing concern in Pittsburgh, further distinguished by the excellence and diversity of its work, the
Armstrong Cork Company includes in the scope of its
operations about all that pertains to cork-production.
Established in I86I as Armstrong, Brother  Co.,
under that designation the business grew and prospered
for thirty years. Becoming Armstrong, Brother  CO.,
Inc., in I89I, the corporate name was changed afterwards to the Armstrong Cork Company. The main
office of the company continues to be in Pittsburgh, but
important branches have been established in New York,
Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis and
Cincinnati. Besides its Pittsburgh plant the company
has factories in Beaver Falls and Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and in Camden, New Jersey. In its various works
the company keeps busy 2,ooo employees. The capitalization of the Armstrong Cork Company now is $2,500,ooo. The present officers of the company are: Thomas
M. Armstrong, President; Charles D. Armstrong, VicePresident; William H. Pfal, Secretary and Treasure,
and William R. Hamilton, Auditor. Of the making of
corks in the company's works there is no end. To correctly ascertain the extent of the demand for corks in the
United States, one must measure the bottled output of
distilleries and breweries; into this calculation must enter
give employment to probably 3,000 people and involve
an investment of several million dollars. Pittsburgh, in
the foundry trade, specializes in the heavier work, and
in this has the market practically to itself.
DAMASCUS BRONZE COMPANY-One of the
most reliable as well as the most successful of Pittsburgh's prosperous industrial establishments is the
Damascus Bronze Company, manufacturers of bronze
and brass castings and Babbitt metals, whose office and
foundry are located at South Avenue, Snowden and
Sturgeon Streets, Allegheny City.
The company's plant occupies a large tract of land
in Allegheny and is one of the most solid concerns of the
North Side. The metals and castings manufactured by
it are of the most approved and reliable quality, and the
facilities of the company for rapid and accurate execution are unsurpassed. The machinery is all of the latest
design, and its contracts are noted for their satisfactory
execution. A descriptive catalogue issued by the firm
gives the details of its manufactures.
The Damascus Bronze Company was organized in
I877 with a capital of $I00,000. In the quarter of a
century of its existence it has enlarged its foundry by
purchase of property on three different occasions and
increased its production from 250 tons to 5,ooo tons of
bronze castings per annum. It now employs a force of
one hundred men, and has a capital and surplus of
$300,000.
The personnel of the company is as follows: President and Treasurer, William B. Klee; Vice-President
and Manager, John T. Brown; Secretary, Edwin B.
Ross. These officers with the following constitute the
board of directors: I. W. Frank, George A. McLean.
LAWRENCEVILLE BRONZE COMPANY-One
of the most enterprising manufacturing concerns in the
busy Penn Avenue mill district is the well known Lawrenceville Bronze Company at Penn Avenue and Thirtyfirst street. This company was established in I89I by
its present head with only two employees, but those two
men are with the company to-day, a fact which speaks
well for them and their employees alike.
This company is incorporated under the laws of
Pennsylvania with ample capital and a large surplus, its
officers being Edward Kerr, its founder, as president,
and James Smith as superintendent.  It does a large
business in general railroad, rolling mill and blast furnace supplies, not only locally, but in Canada and Alaska,
where the superior quality of their products is widely
recognized, and where a good trade has been built up
through this well-merited recognition.  This company
made the landmarks or monumental posts which indicate the boundary line between the United States, Canada and Alaska.
Included among the output of this company are railT H E   S T -O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    36I
the requirements of the American wine trade, taking
into consideration also the enormous quantities of mineral waters now sold in bottles; all these are but a portion of the drinkables for which corks are required.
Then there is the trade in patent and proprietary remedies; the miscellaneous liquids that must be bottled and
corked call for corks in almost inconceivable quantities
and of a variety that is very great. Only an expert can
properly appreciate cork specifications. Besides making
millions upon millions of machine and hand-cut corks
of every description from tiny vial stoppers to corks of
the largest size known to the trade, the Armstrong Cork
Company manufactures cork insoles, cork life preservers,
corkboard insulation, and many and various other cork
specialties.
Cork is the external bark of a species of oak
(Quercus suber ), which is obtained in quantities of
commercial importance only in Spain, France, Portugal,
Italy, Tunis, Algiers and Morocco. Compelled to procure its raw material in Europe, and having to pay
American prices for its labor, the Armstrong Cork Company finds it impractical to compete with foreign manuqwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
facturers in the Eqlropean or Colonial mnarkets. But in
the Unitecl States it is enablecl at all timnes to clo a bttsiness mnost satisfactory, not only to itself, but also to its
customers.
SAFES AND LOCKS
THE STEEL CITY A SAFE'AND LOCK MARKET SECOND ONLY TO
N EW YO RK
Pittsburgh homes are padlocked, or the people's valuables guarded as securely, and by methods as modern as
can be found anywhere. The city's pivotal position as a
financial center has made it a good field f or years for the
safe and lock manufacturer. Besides being one of the
greatest users of safes among the largest cities of the
country, Pittsburgh can boast of a number of safety
deposit vaults not exceeded anywhere for size and perfect
mechanism. Eastern manufacturers consider Pittsburgh
a safe and lock market second in importance only to
New York.
BARNES SAFE  LOCK CO.-Of Pittsburgh's
many industrial romances, none is more interesting than
the story of the Barnes safe. It is not generally known
that the modern fire-proof safe originated from the great
Pittsburgh fire of I845. Thomas Barnes, a blacksmith,
and his brother-in-law, Edmund Burke, a locksmith,
early in I845 established the firm of Burke  Barnes
to make iron cellar doors, grill work and strong boxes.
Then came the fire, destroying almost half of down-town
or business Pittsburgh. Deeds, records and other valuable papers were burned. While people were speculating
for some way in which such papers could be preserved
against fire, Mr. Barnes wras experimenting; the result
was the beginning of the now world Barnes fireproof safe. Crude as it may have been, it containe
every principle of the most advanced fire-proof construction of to-day. Every test was a further certificate of
merit. Burke  Barnes were the pioneer safe-makers of
the western hemisphere.
The march of Barnes safes from then to now  has
been through continuous victories over all odds. Soon
after the Civil War Mr. Barnes perfected the sevenflange-door safe, which has received world-wide approval as the most absolute protection against fire ever
invented. It was about this time that Mr. Burke retired,
Mr. Barnes becoming sole owner and introducing the
name Barnes Safe  Lock Co., which has since been retained. Mr. Barnes has been gone many years, but the
result of his ingenuity continues to grow by leaps and
bounds. The entire business is now owned by his
daughter, Mrs. F. Barnes Newell. Max McClafferty has
general direction of the business as general manager
and treasurer.  The general offices and works are at 325
Third Avenue, Pittsburgh, where I63 persons are employed in various phases of the business and manufacture. Branch offices are maintained in all principal cities.
Something of the magnitude of this company's business is shown in its average monthly output of 270 safes
and vaults as determined by the year ended May I, I907.
This entire output is for domestic trade. There are now
more than I,OOO,OOO Barnes safes and vaults in use.
From a safe to withstand fire, the manufacture has
broadened until it includes also burglar-proof safes and
chests, fire-proof vault doors, mob-proof and burglarproof bank vaults, safety deposit boxes, grill gates, locks,
keys and other appurtenances to the trade.
The Barnes safe holds the world's fire-proof record
over all other makes. Its quality may be seen from results in great fires.  In the Chicago fire I,OOO Barnes
safes preserved their contents.  The fires at Paterson,
N. J., and Baltimore brought out similar attests of effidency. In the San Francisco earthquake and fire disaster every Barnes safe saved its contents against fire
and falling from the tallest buildings.
Cumbersome oaken chests with their iron bands and
big padlocks are relics.  Competition between robbers
or burglars and safe-makers has been keen. No sooner
were safes perfected against dynamite and solid explosives than burglars resorted to nitro-glycerine. To-day
the vault of impregnable metal has doors and doorways
overlapping and fitting into each other with almost molecular precision. The mutter of outwitted fire and burglar
is, "It's no use; this is a Barnes!"
"Pittsburgh has just begun to grow," says Mr. McClafferty. "Fifteen years ago our city was nothing but a
provincial town of three-story buildings and cobble-stone
streets. To-day it is a world metropolis, second only in
America to New York in advancement and influence, if
not in population. In thirty years' time Pittsburgh will362  T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I J' T S - 3 U R G H
be the supreme mart of the world and will be the equal
of New York as a financial city and in its clearing
house."
METAL RADIATORS
PROTECTING HUMANITY FROM THE COLD A PROSPEROUS
INDUSTRY IN PITTSBURGH
Protecting humanity from the rigors of cold weather
is a calling in which America leads the whole world.
Poor heating facilities is a complaint never levied against
American hotels, public buildings or residences, wherein
modern facilities are installed. Pittsburgh is a large
manufacturer of one of the more popular and widely used
articles in heating apparatus, the radiator, used in both
steam and electric heating. The Pittsburgh product is
used generally, not only throughout this section, but sells
in all parts of the world.
THE McCRUM-HOWELL COMPANY-Corporations are not ordinarily rated according to their proximity to piety; yet, since cleanliness is akin to godliness,
because of the inducements and facilities for clean living
it furnishes, the McCrum-Howell Company, aside from
its financial and industrial importance, is certainly entitled
to special consideration.
The McCrum-Howell enamel-ware plant at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, is one of the largest in the world.
The daily output of this great factory is 700 nicely completed bath tubs, and I,OOO other articles of enamel-ware,
such as kitchen sinks, lavatories and laundry trays.
The enamel-ware plant, however, gigantic though it
is, actually is but a part of the immense business owned
and operated by the McCrum-Howell Company. Besides its shops for the manufacture of enamel-ware, the
company has in Uniontown a radiator plant, the capacity
of which is 5,ooo,ooo  feet of radiation per year.  It
also owns in Norwich, Connecticut, boiler and furnace
factories that make annually 6,ooo boilers and 3,000 furnaces.
The McCrum-Howell Company is the vigorous outgrowth of the merger of a number of important enterprises. -The consolidation was virtually effected in 1904.
In that year the predecessors of the present company acquired the plants and business of the Uniontown Acme
Radiator Company, the Champion Manufacturing Company, of Blairsville, Pennsylvania, and the Richmond
Company, of Norwich, Connecticut.
In Uniontown for years the old Acme Radiator Company had struggled along undistinguished by any particular success until finally the management of its affairs
was entrusted to Lloyd G. McCrum. At the commencement of the McCrum regime, the company was making
about I,OOO feet of radiation per day. Its output was the
smallest of any similar plant in the country. It was
weak financially and suffered all the ills that ensue from
doing a precarious business. In McCrum's capable hands,
however, the company soon showed its susceptibility for
improvement. From practical knowledge gained in the
foundry as well as in the office, McCrum knew what
was required to increase the plant's efficiency; he knew
how to do business advantageously; his energy, zeal and
executive ability lifted the company out of the rut; he
speedily put it into a better position.  His success attracted attention. His probity and ability inspired the
confidence of capitalists.
The business results McCrum secured made necessary the enlargement of the Acme plant. Increased output meant amplified profits.
The extended trade of the Acme Radiator Company
brought McCrum in contact with the Kellogg, Mackey,
Cameron Company of Chicago. This Chicago concern
was the largest purchaser of radiation in the country.
In I90I the Kellogg, Mackey, Cameron Company bought
a controlling interest in the Acme Radiator Company.
McCrum, though retained as manager, was promoted to
be the vice-president of the company. A year afterwards
was organized the Federal Boiler  Supply Co., which
absorbed the Kewanee Boiler Company of Kewanee,
Illinois, the Kellogg, Mackey, Cameron Company of
Chicago, the Moclel Heating Company, of Philadelphia,
and the Uniontown Acme Radiator Company.
In I903 McCrum  became associated in a business
way with George D. Howell, a prominent attorney and
capitalist of Uniontown.
Mr. Howell, like his associate, was a young man.
Likewise he was noted for his sound judgment and remarkable ability. To the high standing he had attained
in the legal profession was added the prestige gained
through advantageous investments in coal lands.  Intimately associated with J. V. Thompson, the banker and
millionaire coal operator of Uniontown, in some of his
largest undertakings, Howell was a man whom any one
would be glad to have f or a partner.
With C. V. Kellogg, the president of the Federal
Boiler Company, and W. K. Pierce, of the Pierce, Butler  Pierce Manufacturing Co., of Syracuse,
York, McCrtim anl- Howell, in 1903, botight the plant
ancl btisiness of the Champion MNvanufactturing Company.
Each of the pa rtn-ers took an eqtial interest.
At Blairsville the Champion MXanufactturing Company
did an extensive business in the manufacturing of enamelware. When the Champion factories were destroyed by
fire it was decided in Blairsville. The advantages of other locations were taken into consideration. Other towns coveted the plant, and in one instance
a bonus of cash and land of a total value of $I25,000
was offered. But the reasons which induced the building of the new plant in Uniontown outweighed the
bonus.
In March, 1904, Howell, Kellogg and McCrum acquired the plant and all the interests of the RichmondT H  E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T "S) B U R G H    36311
The general offices of the company are in the BaileyFarrell Building, while its branch offices are found in
every large city in the United States and Canada, and
in London, England.
H. W. Armstrong is the president of the company;
W. N. Murray, vice-president; Raymond H. Kinnear,
vice-president; R. R. Gordon, secretary and treasurer;
W. R. Kinnear, general manager.
ELECTRICAL CONDUITS
PRACTICALLY ALL TUBING USED IN THIS COUNTRY MADE IN
THE STEEL CITY
In the campaign to reduce the fire risk in big cities
the greatest restrictive measures have been aimed at electrical equipment of large structures.  As a result electrical installation has passed through a number of revolutions. The modern electrical tubing, through which
electric wires are passed:, _ ~~~~from place to place, is, l _E        now considered to have
reached the point of
w       all the tubing so  used
X;     V                      tubing of Pitts0000tf 0 00-i'0-00;Xt~;b rg_ _  tr concrn are  eotn-al....        tubpling sothati n csary acPAN'Y-In  the   nanufact  tiseo   forti  electrical conturesin te faD1-ictionof vro As accestsores  ofa elecnucl 1noe coaTene   he    triciztyo   are  colectrinualy,h
Thi coupa   rpreent texitpoanding  sof the irncl
of e~~~~~~~vents nte1 feetiity   Its geniustencemancls
prosprityprocaim te exent    ing nture nfteclessaryac
PANY-     n thnro e    1-anlufactur  ofcrto electrical  fix-ai1l    hog
iturs ioclen theatbaicoroation ofvrosacapitalizel tat make00
aprospresive, prolamthaed extntand nattireof etherpriemn
emnploving 125 skilled wvorkiiien, is, ancl otlaht to be, a
businless entity entitled to appropriate consicleration; in
thle way that a limb) that is, say, two f eet in diliaeter, is
more remnarkabule tllan a tree whaose trunk has a dliameter
of two feet, addlitional importance is attached to the
Comipany of Norwichl, Connectictut, one of the olclest
ancl best known mi-anuLfactturers of bgoilers and ftirnaces
in the Unitecl States.
Froti-i the Fecleral Boiler Comnpany in M[ay, I 904,
Howell, K(ellogg and M/cCruti purchased the Ulniontown
Aciiie Racliator Cotinpaniy. Iti June of tlhie sal-ne year
was or-ganizedl the K(ellogg, M\/cCrum, Howell Cotipany,
to wvhich1 was passecl the titles to the thr-ee ti-anufacturling enterprises aforemnentionedl. In April, i9o,6, M4cCrumn
ancl Howell bDoughlt out Kellogg, ancl chlanged thle natmie
of thle corporation1 to thae McCrutnti-Howell Col-rpany.
The officers of thae cotnipany are: Lloycl G. McCrui-i,
Presiclent; Georue D. Howell, Vice-Preside1lit; H. T.
Gates, Secretary; L. Preston Gates, Audlitor-; W. K(.
Enclsley, Cashier; A. S. Hatilin, M/anauer of tl-e Orcler
Departtiient, ancl Johan -Holclfelcler, General Super-intenclent.  Thae cotnipatiy's clirectors are:  George D.
Howell, H. T. Gates, J. W. Curtis, R. W. Hickti-an
anl- Lloycl G. McCrumn.
comlpany are mnainltainledl     |
in New York, Boston, t
PhN'Ydelpa, Batiorks,o
Ptttsbirusel  Cinclinati,Cmal   r  lctda    Vs
Chicasugo1 aniSn  Frl hanto-lemnlfcuil   ls
Al ofk Erie platitsad ancr    loconeeitlaBl
trnow eqplant in t-ii ostld
This c ome ithpany   andfctrsecuieytl  (ne1
radtiators eprovisiotn hsletnea   ilasusata zc
beenting, wail reclr ela fal oo1cr-v rn tat
ponc  tpervu  to aa tiio  of alal or ncd  la or
evd,expansionuta percotractnsn
ISomne of thae claitms for superiority of pressed steel
radiators are as follows: (I) Racliates heat instantly.
()Economny of space.  (3) Lioglit weighlt.  (4    lainu appearance. ( 5) Smooth1 itnner stirface affording
perfect circulation.,A!National Metal Molding Company; so to speak the comnpany is an offshot or an outgrowth of the business of
the great Pittsburgh Supply Company. Having built up
an immense trade in plumbers' supplies and the like,
having an affiliate that is the manufactutrer of the world's
largest gas meters, it was not unnatural for the Pittsburgh Supply Company, or, rather, for the men who
own and control that organization, to enter also into the
somnewhat allied business of manufacturing electrical
fixtures.
Qualifiecl by  experience  and  success  previously
achieved, the men who brought the National Metal Molding Company to its present prominence and prosperity
were in a position to proceed advantageously from the
very outset. At first the company had but one specialty,
the "Economy Rigid Iron Conduit."  But in I9o6 was
purchased the assets, good will and all else appertaining
to the Osburn Flexible Conduit Company, and the National Metal Molding Company was thenceforth a potential factor in
t h e electrical
fixtures trade.
T b e usefulness of the
articles in
which it specializes, its fac i 1 i t i e s for
1m a n u f a cturing, the
c o n s t a n tly multiplying
demnand f o r
t h e installation of superior electrical
accessories, these are the chief causes of the company's
large and even growing business. The "Economy Rigid
Conduit," "Flexduct Flexible Conduit," "Steel Flexible
Metallic Conduit," and "National Molding Metal Molding" are some of the company's manufactures, for which
throughout the United States a decided preference is
expressed.  Abroad also the comnpany is conducting an
intelligent and aggressive calmpaign.
Because of the  more advantageous environment
which the Pittsburgh district offers, the "Flexduct factory" of the company was removed from'Hoboken, New
Jersey, to Economy, Pennsylvania. Ever alert to secure
superiority for its product, the National Metal Molding
Company conducts its various operations in a manner that
evokes the most favorable comnnent. Admittedly, if its
goods and its methods were not of the very best, it could
not have secured the success that it has scored in the
past three years.
The general offices of the National Metal Molding
Company are in the Futlton Building, Pittsburgh.  The
officers of the comtpany are: W. C. Robinson, President;
C. E. Corrigan, Vice-President; 0. F. Felix, Secretary,
and C. F. Holdship, Treasurer. The officers nalmed and
J. C. Oliver constitute the directorate of the company.
SCALES AND MILL SUPPLIES
A PECULIARITY OF PITTSBURGH'S GREAT PLANTS IS THEIR
EQUIPMENT FROM LOCAL SKILL
Weighing Pittsburghl's enormous tonnage of manufactured products has given scales a high quality of usefulness in the Steel City. Scale mnakers in all parts of
the world have competed to supply these weighing machines, and the Steel City itself has been a manufacturer
of no mean imtportance in this line. The bigger scales
used by the larger mills are a Pittsburgh product. The
Pittsburgh scale manufacturer, hlowever, has not stopped
simply at making weighing machines, but contracts to
equip an entire mill with its needs, an(l it can be said of
many of the
S t e e l City's
g r e a t plants
that they are
e q u i p p e d
t h roughout
wvith material
made in Pittsburgh.
STANDARD SCALE
 SUPPLY
CO. -  The
specialty of
t h e Standard
Scale  Supply Co. is the manufacture of scales that for accuracy are
unsurpassed, scales in sizes and of forms of construction
adapted to the weighing of anything from a feather to a
railway train. In name and in fact the scales which this
company make are absolutely "The Standard."  Every
individual demand, every requtirement of commerce and
manufacturing for special scales can be promptly and
satisfactorily met by the company. For the use of the
Jones  Laughlin Steel Co. the Standard Scale  Supply Co. has built three "2oo00-ton suspension track scales,"
the largest weighing machines in the world. The ability
of the company to build scales that will quickly, accurately and with the least effort ascertain the weight of
ponderous loads of great bulk is well established. The
Standard Scale  Supply Co.'s trade extends all over
the world.  How  far its scales may be relied on for
precision and honesty is shown by the United States Government, which buys for various purposes 1nore "Standard" scales than any other.
The company's works are at Beaver Falls. Eugene
PLANT OF STANDARD SCALE  SUPPLY COMPANYMotchman, the Mechanical Superintendent of the company, is said to be the greatest living expert in the mnanufacture of scales.  The offices of the company are at
243-245 Water Street, Pittsburgh,  and the officers of
the corporation are: Frank B. Gill, President; William
H. Black, Secretary, and John C. Reed, Treasutrer.
The Standard Scale  Sutpply Co. stands out as the
only company in its line that is not associated with "the
trust."
DENTAL SUPPLIES
LOCAL INGENUITY AND ENERGY HAVE LIFTED THIS INDUSTRY'TO A HIGH PLANE
Dental specialties made in Pittsburgh are marketed
in such extreme points as the West Indies and South
Africa, whereas 41I years
ago there was no such an
industry here and no mechanical aids to dental work
wv h i c h amounted to anything.  A  small showcase
then would show all that a
dentist utsed in his business;
a showroom will not do that
now. Machinery enters into
every  feature  of  mnodern
dentistry,  and  Pittsburgh
foresightedness,  ingenuity
and energy have had much
to do with lifting the dentist's profession to its present high plane. In the Pittsburgh district alone there
are 500 dentists using the
most modern equipment.
LEE S. SMITH  SON
-Lee Stewart Smnith was
born in I844 at Cadiz, Ohio.
His father was the Rev. Wesley Smith. Lee S. Smith first
studied dentistry, and in I866 started the manutfacture of
dental instruments, furniture and supplies in the present
Gusky Building, Pittsbutrgh.  In I892 his son, W. Linford Smith, became associated with himn, and I907 C. J.
Hood and Guy Calder. The firm name is Lee S. Smith
 Son.  Lee S. Smith is president, W. Linford, vicepresident and treasutrer; C. J. Hood, secretary, and Guy
Calder, manager.
The company mnanufactutres, or is agent for, the
Weber dental chair, the special diamond drill, Dunn
electric light, and many other specialties of dental furniture. It has thirty employees and conducts a domestic
and foreign wholesale and retail trade, with offices and
sales rooms at 8oo00 and 802 Penn Avenue.
Lee S. Smith has held offices of first vice-president
of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, secretary and
then president of the American Dental Trade Association. In Masonry he is past master of Bellevue Lodge
No. 503, F. and A. M.; past comnmander Allegheny Comnmanclery No. 35, Knights Templars; past grand commander Pennsylvania Grand Comnmandery; grand senior
warden Grand Encampment at the United States; past
commander-in-chief Pennsylvania Consistory, A.  A. L.
R.; past commander' Post 3, Grand Army of the Republic.
GLASS AND ENAMELED SIGNS
AN ACTIVE BUSINESS THAT HAS GROWN TO THE DIGNITY OF A
FINE ART
With activity noticeable on every hand in Pittsburgh
in mnanufacturing, jobbing and retail trade, it is not to be
wondered that the vocation
of making signs for business
firms has grown into one of
the  great  and  important
cogs in the city's constantly
revolving wheel of industrial
effort. The greater percentage of signs, glass and enamel, which greet a pedestrian on all sides, are made
in Pittsburgh, a n d Pittsburgh  producers of these
invade  other  cities  with
their wares. And, as these
signs show, the business is
one that has been redutced
to a fine art.
THE DAWES MANUFACTURING COMPANY-The Dawes Manufactutring Company is composed of John L. Dawes,
president; Theodore Myler,
secretary and treasurer. Directors: John L. Dawes,
Theodore Myler, William  J. Gibben, William  Bilski,
Andrew Engelhart.
The company was established in I890 as a manufacturer of electric signs for outdoor and indoor use,
and general advertising signs for all classes of trade. Its
employees number 200.  The capital fully paid-up is
$ I 00, 000.
Its xvorks are located at Braddock, Pa., with sales
offices at the Renshaw Building, Pittsburgh. Its branch
offices are: Renshaxv Building, Pittsburgh; Board of
Trade Building, Louisville, Ky.; 502 Ashland Block,
Chicago; 523 Market Street, San Francisco, and in other
leading cities.
The company is shipping signs to London, Paris,
Bungalore, Mexico, Canada, Cuba and Honolulu. The
JOHN L. DAWESforeign trade has been increasing slowly, but is getting
a firm foothold in many countries.
When the sign business was established in 1890, it
was operated by John L. Dawes; Theodore Myler was
elected secretary and treasurer in I896. They were located at I416 Wood Street.  On account of steadily
increasing business they made five removes, each time
enlarging their quarters until located in their present
factory outside of Pittsburgh, having facilities for turning out one-half million dollars of product, which inclucles electric signs of all descriptions.
John L. Dawes, president, learned the trade of designer and all construction, and new products are still
designed by him. The company is run on the co-operative
plan, which has proved sutccessful in every way, and is
the largest of this specific kind in the world.
THE INGRAM - RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING COMPANY-It often pays to take careful note of the signs of the times. Ere now it has been
observed that, for advertising and general use, the IngRich porcelain-enameled iron
sign is durable, conspicuous
and noteworthy.
Before  they  came  from
England  to  America, Loutis
Ingram and Ernest Richardson were thoroughly familiar
with every detail of the manufacture  of enameled  iron.
Encouraged to locate in the
Pittsburgh district because of
the great advantages obtainable in the coal and iron belt,
in I90I Ingram, Richardson
and others organized the Ingram-Richardson Manufacturing Company. In Beaver Falls work shops, having
about one-third of the capacity of the company's present
plant, were established.
Ing-Rich signs are strongly made of several coats
of enamel, each of which is fused into an i8-gauge iron
plate at a temperature of i,6oo degrees. The company
is prepared to make Ing-Rich signs in any quantity,
color, size and design required. Under ordinary circumstances these porcelain-enameled iron signs will withstand all weather conditions and last easily a lifetimie.
They are especially valuable for outside use because they
are not impaired by the effects of any climate. The company guarantees that they will endure severe usage for
eight years and not fade, scale or tarnish in all that time.
The first large institutionls to be interested in IngRich signs were the Western Union, the Postal Telegraph and various Bell Telephone Companies.
Ing-Rich signs placed on coal-carts in Pittsburgh at
the time the company commenced business are as resplenclent now as they were the day they were put on;
different traction companies have tried these signs with
ensuing satisfaction, and the company has an important
trade in the selling of street-corner signs and numbers
to numerous cities.
These signs cost more than competitors of lithograph
and paint, but the brightness and durability of the lettering more than compensates the advertiser who uses IngRich signs.
Besides its production of signs, the output of the
company comprises reflectors, rods for car-heating, refrigerator lining, wash-boards and other enameled iron
specialties.
The Beaver Falls plant of the Ingram-Richardson
Manufacturing Company now covers a ground space of
three acres.  In the various shops of the company are
employed over 300 men. The plant of the company is
now three times the size that it was when the company
began business.  This great increase has been brought
about by the experience that has proven to the business
world the actual worth of the Ingram-Richardson signs.
To facilitate the distribution of its output the comnpany has opened branch offices
at I 70 Summer Street, Boston;  Prospect  and  Sheriff
Streets, Cleveland; I oo00 William  Street, New  York; 52
State Street, Chicago; American National Bank Building,
Louisville, and  2053  Sutter
Street, San Francisco.
The officers of the company are: Louis I n g r a nim,
President; Ernest Richardson,
Vice-President and Treasurer;
E. L. Hutchinson, Secretary,
and M. N. Hurd, General Sales Manager.
CARPET CLEANING MACHINERY
MACHINERY THAT HAS MADE THE OLD BROOMSTICK METHODS
SEEM RIDICULOUS
Carpet cleaning is another necessary function that has
felt the influence of improved machinery. The man of
the house might take a few carpets and rugs into the
yard and beat them into cleanliness with a broomstick,
but if this method had to be applied in cleaning the multitude of carpets and rugs in the average office building
or other great structure, the task would become one well
nigh insurmountable.
Carpet cleaning machinery has made carpet cleaning
on a great scale an easy job. Much of this class of machinery is made in Pittsburgh.
ELECTRIC  RENOVATOR  MANUFACTURING COMPANY-The members of the Electric Renovator Manufacturing Company are F. C. Jones, presiPLANT OF TIHE INGRAM-RICHIARDSON COMPANY,
BEAVER FALLS, PA.dent; L. Brandt, vice-president and general manager; W.
E. Slangenhoupt, treasurer; Dr. A. T. Noe, secretary.
The directors are: F. C. Jones, who is vice-president
and general manager of the Nicola Building Comnpany;
W. E. Slangenhoupt, a well known business man of this
city; H. R. Newlin, real estate broker; H. G. Welch, lumber dealer of Ashland, Ky.; William  E. Wilson, of
Parnassus, Pa.; Dr. A. T. Noe, inventor of the machine,
and L. Brandt, president of the Nicola Building Company.
The "Invincible Electric Renovator" is a general
cleaning device for domestic utse; adaptable for use in
hotels, churches, office butildings or residences.  It was
invented by Dr. A. T. Noe, of San Francisco. After
the earthquake in I906, when the plant was destroyed,
Dr. Noe was attracted to the Pittsburgh district.  A
smnall factory was built at Parnassus, Pa., and in four
months the machinery was installed and several machines
put on the market.
These machines not only renovate carpets, but can be
used for upholstered furniture, cutrtains, mattresses, etc.,
and can sterilize as
well.  By attaching
the hose to an electric  chandelier,  a
small motor causes
the brush to revolve
rapidly, a n cl the
dtist by 1means of a
double fan is drawn
into the renovator.
T h e machine h a s
t h e advantage  of
b e i n g  small and
portable and suitable for domestic use. It is a household favorite.
WOODEN-BOX MANUFACTURERS
MILLIONS OF BOXES OF ALL KINDS MADE ANNUALLY IN THE
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT
Pittsburgh's enormous wholesale and retail trade in
dry-goods, groceries, drugs and other lines, has given
impetus to a number of kindred industries, none of which
is more important than wooden-box manufacture.  Millions of wooden boxes of all sizes and shapes are made
annually in this district.  In demand for boxes, Pittsburgh is considered a market that is equal in volume of
business to any in the United States. Box-making, alone,
forms one of the biggest items in this city's great growth
in recent years as a lumber center.
THE W. L. RUSSELL BOX  LUMBER CO.
While this company is of comparatively recent origin,
in a few short years it has become one of the leading
concerns of its kind in this particular line of business
and enjoys a large business throughout the entire Pittsburgh district. The business was originated a number
of years ago, however, by Messrs. Russell  Kress, who
established a lumber yard, planing mill and a small box
factory at McKees Rocks, Pa. This business was successfully conducted under the above name until November, I903, when a 1neeting of the mnanagement and
heads of departments decided that the business could be
greatly enlarged and expanded if it enjoyed the many
advantages of an incorporated body.
In accordance with this decision the comnpany was incorporated in the same month as the Russell-Kress Box
 Lutmber Co. The capital stock autthorized was $6o,00ooo, and a charter was granted under the laws of this
State. The entire holdings of the old firm of Russell 
Kress were turned over to the new corporation.  Some
extensive improvements were made at the plant, including the installation of additional machinery, and the plant
was up to date in every particular.
The company prospered until January, I1907, when
the entire plant and stocks of the company were destroyed by a disastrous fire, comnpletely wiping it out and
putting the company
practically o ut of
business.  Another
meeting was held, at
which it was decided to form  a new
c o m p a n y and to
s t a r t the business
o v e r again. The
new comnpany w a s
accordingly formed
with a capital stock of $6o,ooo, and is the concern now
doing business as the W. L. Russell Box  Lumber Co.
A new plant was built during the summer of I907, and
is one of the most modern in the State.
~VN. L. Russell is president of the company, William
H. Kulhn, vice-president, and H. J. Hellriegel, secretary.
Mr. Russell, in addition to holding the office of president,
acts as treasurer.
BLOCKMAKERS
THE PITTSBURGH "BLOCK" PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE
ERECTION OF GREAT STRUCTURES
Block-making, the industry of mnanufacturing wooden
or iron pulleys, by which, after they are equipped with
cables, great quantities of material are lifted for building
purposes, has developed along distinctive lines in Pittsburgh.  Here the largest blocks are mnade, and in this
line Pittsburgh has no superior in the world.  In the
erection of great office buildings or bridges, the Pittsburgh block is used all over the world. The manufacture
PLANT OF W. L. RUSSELL BOX  LUMBER CO., McKEES ROCKS, PA.T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    35
Clothiers; W. A. Myler, Treasurer of the Standard
Sanitary Manufacturing Company; R. B. McDanel,
President of the R. B. McDanel Company; Edward
Blount, Grocer.
Possessing, as its officers and directors do, the esteem
and confidence of the community, they give to the bank
additional influence and usefulness; prosperous and resourceful, the institution is typical of the district in which
it is located; its importance extends beyond county boundaries; it is the custodian and, acctumulator of wealth;
as a factor in the conservation of the prosperity of the
State and the nation, the Union National Bank of New
Brighton is adding, year by year, to its honorable record.
TRUST COMPANIES
ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE IN RECENT YEARS SUCCESSFULLY
ENTERED THE BANKING FIELD
The first trust company in Pittsburgh was chartered
in I867, the year following the organization of the Pittsburgh Clearing House Association, but the character of
its business was almost exclusively that of trustee and
custodian of valuables for safe keeping. Nearly twentyone years elapsed before the second trust company was
organized, and so recently as I890 the total resources
of the trust companies of Pittsburgh amounted to only
$1,848,900.  In 1895 the number had increased to five,
and the total resources to $5,91I4,477.  In I900 there
were nine companies doing business with total capital of
$5,125,ooo  and  total resources of $25,437,419.  The
ensuing five years witnessed the remarkable expansion
in the banking field already referred to, and at the close
of 1905 there were no less than 39 trust companies in
existence having, total capital of $27,223,000, total surplus and profits of $5o,569,ooo, and total resources of
$157,203,000.  In the year I905 the capital and surplus
of the trust companies were $36,ooo,ooo larger than the
capital and surplus of the national banks of the city,
although the total deposits of the national banks were
still double the deposits of the trust companies, and total
resources were $85,ooo,ooo larger than those of the trqist
comnpanies.
Since I9O5 the tendency has been towardl a redutctiol-i
in tlle ntimber- of trulst comnpanies, anld dltiring tlle years
I906 anld I907 mergers and voluntary liquidation have
taken five f rom the field. While the effas bDeen a
clecrease of about $i4,500,000 ill capital stock outstancling,
the growth of the existing companies has brought the
aggregate resources up to the maximum in the history
of the city, and the addition to surpltus and profits haas
more than offset the decrease in capital.
During the speculative boom prices of
trust company shares rose to a premium of from $50
to $2,500 over par. Every new issue offered was quickly
ubscribed, ain(l thle books +ATer-e nO soonei- closed.
cecl to a hligli premitimr. Conservative bankers deplored the movement and did what
they could to check it; but the speculative wave that
followecl thae lattnching of the Unitecl States Steel Corporation in Wall Street swept over the country, and in
Pittsburgh, as elsewhere, caught up bank and trust company stocks. The receding of the tide carriecl this class
of stocks to thae lowest ebb in their history, althotigh, as
alreacly stated, the bganks ancl trust comupanies of Pittsbtirgh IlTere never stronger in surplus and profits than
they are to-day, ancl never transactecl a mnore strictlv
legitimate business.  The effects of the collapse of the
boom fell upon the individual speculators and not upon
the institutions themselves.
THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY-One of
the largest trust companies in Pittsburgh, possessing
banking facilities unsurpassed, offering the utmost security combined with advantages really greater than can
be obtained elsewhere, The Colonial-Trust Company is a
financial institution of colossal strength, additionally distinguished by good management.
The Colonial Trust Company is an aggregation of
banking interests, a system of arrangetments so perfect,
so comprehensive, so far-reaching as to afford both to
its customers and to the company almost unlimited opportunities to transact, expeditiously and with the best results, any business however large or complicated that
pertains, legitimately, to modern financial operations.
Under one roof, to practically any extent its banking,
savings, trust, stock transfer, bond and safe deposit departments are prepared to care for every financial need,
either individual or corporate. Each department is under the direct and most careful supervision of an officer
of the company, and nothing has been, is or will be,
ignored or undone that will enable the company  the
better to meet every requirement.
Colonial Trust Company is a product of Pittsburgh's remarkable commercial expansion. Coming into
existence at a time of unprecedented monetary activity,
on January 30, 1902, with a capital of $I,OOO,OOO and
the promise of greater things, The Colonial Trust Company stepped at once into unquestioned prominence. M.
K. McMullin, Joshua Rhodes, William Flinn, James C.
Chaplin and James S. Kuhn were its incorporators. The
first officers of the company were Joshua Rhodes, President; James C. Chaplin, Vice-President, and Homer C.
Stewart, Secretary and Treasurer. The first Board of
Directors was constituted as follows: William Flinn,
James C. Chaplin, George H. Flinn, M. K. McMullin,
Joshua Rhodes, E. C. Converse, W. H. Latshaw, James
S. Kuhn, George W. Darr and Charles S. Fairchild. The
growth of The Colonial Trust Company has been but little less than marvelous. Not only did it experience
prosperity, but it soon absorbed strong, long established
rival institutions. On March 6, 1902, it announced an
increase of its capitalization to $1,5oo,ooo. Then wasof blocks has grown here into an industry involving a
great investment of money and gives employment to an
army of working-men.
THE W. W. PATTERSON COMPANY-In a
splendid position to supply the steady demand for blocks
of unquestioned strength and dependableness is the W.
W. Patterson Company. For nearly fifty years in Pittsburgh the name of W. W. Patterson has been associated
with the making of blocks of various patterns and sizes,
but always of unvarying reliability.  In 1848, exactly
where stands the establishment of the W. W. Patterson
Company at 54 Water Street to-day, was begun the
block-making business of Bishop  Patterson.  There
tinder that name it was carried on until I887, when X.
MW. Patterson became the sole owner. In April, I903,
the W. WV. Patterson Company was incorporated.
No matter what may be its cost, size, pattern or formn,
every block made by the W. W. Patterson Comnpany
will be fully equal to all that may properly be required
of it.  In the making of blocks only the very best of
material is utised, and the Patterson skill and care in block
manufacturing is everywhere in evidence.  Repeatedly
tested, especially fitted for the purpose for which they
are intended, Patterson blocks well may be looked tponl
as the standard. The utility and convenience of Patterson's patent ratchets, self-oiling sheaves and lateral bracesnatch blocks are very evident. Moreover, they are ised
throtgihout the United States.
The officers of the W. W. Patterson Company are:
Benjamiin Cole, President, and W. W. Patterson, Jr.,
Secretary and Treasurer.  W. W.. Patterson, Sr., is the
other director. All gentlemen of recognized high standing in the business circles of Pittsburgh and vicinity.
VIEW OF PITTSBURGHAt least a third of the productive capacity of the
U. S. Steel Corporation, the largest industrial concern
in the world, is located hare, as are also the largest steelcar plant, the largest air-brake works, the largest plant
for the manufacture of railway signals and switches, and
the largest producers of underground cables. One plant
alone has a capacity for turning out $45,ooo,ooo electrical appliances each year.  Other factories turn  out
$7,500,000  worth  of pickles, condiments and  canned
goods.
At one time in its history Pittsburgh seemed to be
content to furnish the world with raw materials coal,
coke, iron and steel-and semifinished material, like
steel billets, bar iron and wire rods. These were shipped
in enormous quantities all over the United States and
fabricated for the use of the final consumer.  Of late
years, however, outside capital has come to an appreciation of the advantage of locating factories and finishing
mills right at the source of supply for raw materials,
thereby saving the cost of freight on fuel and crude
material. The result has been a steady increase in the
number of the lighter manufactories established in this
city, tending to a still greater diversification of industries.
According to the latest available data there are
located in what is known as the Pittsburgh District more
than 3,ooo manufacturing establishments, employing approximately 250,000 persons. The estimated capital invested in these plants is $65o,ooo,ooo, and the value of
the annual product $550,ooo,ooo. The annual pay-roll
of the district in I906 was carefully estimated at $350,ooo,ooo. While the production of coal is steadily on the
increase, I,000 mills and factories and I70,ooo domestic
consumers use on the average 250,000,000 cubic feet of
AT various stages of its development Pittsburgh has been described by different sobriquets. In its early history its most prominent topographical feature was Coal Hill,
now shut off from view by the towering sky-scrapers,
but whose summit is covered by the homes of the wellto-do. With the growth of its chief industries the city
was successively known to the outside world as the
"Iron City," and then as "Smoky City."  It lost all right
to the latter appellation fifteen or twenty years ago, with
the introduction of natural gas in its mills and furnaces,
and when this ideal fuel became too expensive for
economical use in its industries, the removal of the latter
to the farther outskirts of the greater city tended to
comparative atmospheric cleanliness.
The latest attempt to characterize the city's distinctive greatness was the coinage of the phrase, "Pittsburgh,
the World's Anvil." This comes nearer the truth than
"Iron City" or "Smoky City," and yet such is the diversified character of the city's interests that it is doubtful
if any single name or catch phrase can be adopted to
cover the ground.
While it is true that Pittsburgh produces nearly 60%
of the steel made in the United States, and 35% of the
bituminous coal output, while its railroad tonnage is
twice as large as London's and thrice as large as that of
New York or Chicago, the city occupies the front rank
in many other departments of trade and commerce.  It
is the home of the largest plate-glass works in the world,
and produces 89% of this product. Eighty per cent. of
all the glass lamps and glass chimneys used in the United
States are made here, and 65% of all the glass tableware. Fully one-half of all the cork used in this country is made here.
369
LEADING DIVERSIFIED INTERESTS
In Higher Education the Pittsburgh Community Has Just
Cause for Pride-A Steady Increase in Manufactories
Constantly Creates a Greater Diversification of Industries30 T H  E   S T O R Y   O F. P I T T S BURGH
370                                            U R G H~~~~~
prominence in the business world as to guarantee success and integrity for any concern in which they are
interested.
The officers are: J. S. Kuhn, president; W. S. Kuhn,
vice-president and treasurer; J. M. Purdy, secretary and
general manager; J. B. Van Wagener, assistant treasurer;
W. K. Dunbar, assistant secretary. The directors are:
J. S. Kuhn, W. S. Kuhn, J. H. Purdy, J. B. Van Wagener, E. L. Dunbar, Jerome Hill, John L. Stone, Geo. J.
Gorman and Heman Dowd.
In I886 Kuhn Brothers  Co. had under their control
several water works plants, when the idea was conceived
to organize a limited partnership under the "Limited
Partnership Act of the General Assembly of the State of
Pennsylvania, approved June 2, I874." J. M. Flagler,
E. C. Converse, David W. Hitchcock, Chas. A. Lamb,
J. S. Kuhn, Chas. H. Payson, Stanley Gardner and
Horace Crosby met for that purpose in the Monongahela
House in Pittsburgh, and the American Water Works
 Guarantee Co., Ltd., was the result of that meeting.
They elected as their first board of managers: D. W.
Hitchcock, J. H. Flagler, E. C. Converse, W. S. Kuhn,
J. S. Kuhn, C. H. Grayson and Geo. J. Gorman, with
D. W. Hitchcock as chairman; E. C. Converse, vicechairman, and J. S. Kuhn, secretary and treasurer. The
principal office of the company was located in the First
National Bank Building at McKeesport, Pa. In May,
1889, the office was moved to Pittsburgh, where it still
remains in the Pittsburgh Bank for Savings Building.
THE GREAT SHOSHONE  TWIN, FALLS
WATER POWER CO. Pittsburgh's sphere of influence is the world of opportunity. Citizens of Pittsburgh
are associated with important improvement schemes in
every part of the country.  Pittsburgh capital was interested to exploit the power that was going to waste at
the Shoshone and other falls of the Snake River in
Idaho. To the Great Shoshone  Twin Falls Water
Power Co., organized on January 26, 1907, with a capital of $1,500,000, the Snake River affords wonderful
opportunities for the development of power. The Shoshone Falls, I,500 feet wide, and 210 f eet high, in
grandeur rivals Niagara. From these f alls, where it
can be generated under very advantageous circumstances,
the company proposes to f urnish electric power f or the
flourishing towns of Twin Falls, Milner and Jerome, to
supply the power f or the construction work on the 70mile canal of the Twin Falls North Side Land  Water
Co., and to provide all the power required for the operation of an electric railroad over seventy miles long. The
abundant power facilities of the company it is predicted
will cause to be established in Milner and elsewhere
within easy reach beet-sugar factories and other industrial enterprises. Even at the outset the company will
have no lack of customers for the power it has to sell.
The Idaho headquarters of the company are located
natural gas daily, and recent discoveries and extensions
in the gas field assure good supplies for years to come.
KUHN INTERESTS
THE RAMIFICATION AND INTERWEAVING OF MANY INTERESTS
CHARACTERISTIC OF PITTSBURGH BUSINESS MEN
The Steel City is peculiar in having the combination
of many men of various talents who find their energies
can only be satisfied by giving them plenty to do. Not contented in mastering one particular line of industry, they
branch out in almost any direction in which honorable
endeavor can find sufficient recompense. Thus we see
local talent organizing and conducting successfully companies whose sphere is to make the desert blossom as the
rose, or that humanity may be sanitarily served in their
drinking water. The scene of operation may be far from
Pittsburgh, yet the executive heads are there, wisely
directing  every  movement.  The  f ace of Nature  is
changed when necessary that the all life-giving fluid may
be conserved for the benefit of humanity. And so on
through the different channels of industry. Local brains
can always be found at the head of new enterpriseswhether they take the form of a street railway that serves
to render valuable new territory, or when the all necessary item of coal is taken into consideration, and foresighted energy reaches out to open new fields or render
more worthy those that are already established Pittsburgh business men are invariably found in front with
no such word as fail in their vocabulary.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS  GUARANTEE
CO.-In its dual capacity as an industrial and financial
instituition the American Water Works  Guarantee Co.
is one of the unique and most successful of Pittsburgh's
business concerns. It is engaged in the constructing, operating and maintaining of water works and electric light
plants in cities, boroughs and towns throughout the
United States, and guarantees and endorses the bonds
issued by these corporations for such purposes. It is a
corporation with a capital stock of $2,ooo,ooo, and a
surplus of $1,6oo,ooo. In its mammoth operations it
has employed over five hundred men at its various plants,
exclusive of its force of competent and courteous employees in the main office.
The contracts for many of the largest and most perfectly equipped electric light plants and water works of
this vicinity have been secured by this corporation, and,
without an exception, the finished constructions have not
only given entire satisfaction, but have caused worthy
comment on their completeness and reliability in detail
and ensemble, which reputation is equalled by f ew, if
any, of its competitors.
The character of the company's work is also indicated
by the character and personnel of its management, the
officers and directors being men of such standing andin Milner. Its offices in this city are in the Pittsburgh
Bank for Savings Building.
The officers of the company are:  C. W. Scheck,
President; Jeromne Hill, Jr., Vice-President, and J. B.
Van Wagener, Secretary and Treasurer. The company
has on its Board of Directors: C. W. Scheck, J. H.
Purcly, J. B. Van Wagener, Jerome Hill, Jr., B. C.
Hovis, D. B. Ludwick, T. B. Davis, Harry W. Davis
and H. B. Rhine.
It is easy to foresee the prosperity that will attend
the comnpany's operations. As a factor in the developnent of what is natturally the richest part of Idaho, the
comnpany has secured for itself a wide and profitable field
of usefulness.
THE TWIN FALLS NORTH SIDE LAND 
WATER CO.-In this city or out of it opportunities
for advantageous investmlent are not overlooked by alert
Pittsburghers.  Virtually throutgh the operations of a
group of Pittsburgh capitalists a large tract of arid
land in Idaho wvill be transformed into one of the m1ost
fruitful farmning sections of the country.  The Twin
Falls North Side Land  Water Co. will divert fromn the
Snake River, near Milner, sufficient water to irrigate
I8o,ooo acres of what once was desert land set apart for
settlemnent under the provisions of the "Carey Act."  The
company, which was organized on January 24, I907,
with a capital of $500,000, is to construct the main canal
and its laterals. The main canal will be about 65 miles
long. The water rights to the land to be irrigated are
to be sold at the rate of about $35 per acre. The paymnent of this sum secures for the purchaser a perpetual
water right. So soon as the water is supplied, the land
in this district is well adapted both to farming and fruitgrowing.  Crops regularly raised on irrigated land in
Idaho woulcl be considered phenomnenal by the eastern
farmer.
About three years will be required to construct the
Twin Falls canal systemn, but what has been done already
demonstrates beyond any doubt the practicability as well
as the great advantages of the enterprise that is now
being so successfully conducted.
The Pittsburgh office of the company is in the Bank
for savings Building. The company's officers are: W.
S. Kuhn, President; D. C. MacWatters, Vice-President;
J. B. Van Wagener, Treasurer, and Byron Trimble,
Secretary. On the directorate of the company are: W.
S. Kuhn, J. H. Purdy, J. B. Van Wagener, W. K.
Dunbar, J. F. Cockburn, Byron Trimble, R. M. Wilson
and Harry W. Davis.
COLLEGES
THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES OF PITTSBURGH NOW
OF RECOGNIZED WORTH
The history of the schools and colleges of Pittsburgh
reflects great credit upon the community and upon those
responsible for what has been accomplished. In the
story of educational developmnent there are no sensational
features of progress, but a steady, healthy growth, due as
muchl to the people at large as to the leaders in education.
The public and parochial schools contribute alike to
the primnary education of the youth of Pittsburgh.  In
higher eclducation, this comlnmunity ranks as a leader, and
with the completion of the Carnegie Technical School
in all its departments there will be no rival to this city
in point of educational advantages.
PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF THE HOLY
GHOST - A NOTABLE PITTSBURGH COLLEGE CONDUCTED BY THE FATHERS OF THE HOLY GHOST AND
RANKING WITH THE BEST IN THE CHARACTER OF INSTRUCTION.
Although not so large numerically as somne other
educational institutions of this country, Pittsburgh College of the Holy Ghost is second to none in the high
character of the instruction imparted within its walls.
It was founded in I1878, and grew so rapidly that
within a few years the handsome and costly buildings
it now occupies at Bluff and Cooper Streets, Pittsburgh,
DIVERTING DAM OF TWIN FALLS NORTH SIDE LAND AND WATER COMPANY, MILNER, IDAHObecame necessary. They stand on a broad campus on a
healthy elevation overlooking the Monongahela River.
The curriculum embraces thorough courses of study
in mental philosophy, the ancient classics, six modern
languages, and history, besides the theory and practice
of bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting and all other subjects that enter into the making of a complete business
education.
In addition, the faculty, in September'o6, opened
a scientific and engineering department in which thorough
instruction is given by qutalified teachers at a cost so low
as to hardly defray the necessary running expenses. This
course covers a period of four years, and carries with it
the degree of B.S.  Besides the purely technical subjects, it is planned to adcl to this department a liberal
course in the English language and literature.
Elocution and voice culture are taught in connection
with weekly concerts and debates, which are a popular
feature of the college life. A splendidly equipped library
and a modern gymnasium link mental and physical development in well-balanced harmony.
The discipline of the college is on the lines of a good
Christian home, the prevailing thought being liberty without license. It has been found to develop a high sense of
honor in the student body.
Pittsburgh College is conducted by the Fathers of the
Holy Ghost aided by competent laymen. Its presidents
-the Rev. W. P. Power, Rev. J. Wilms, Rev. J. J.
Murphy, and Rev. M. A. Hehir-have been recognized
as eminently qualified for their exalted position.
The record made by the students of the Pittsburgh
College is enviable. Its alumni embrace many members
of the learned professions, while nearly every business
house of any importance in Pittsburgh claims some of
its graduates among its directors, stockholders and employees.
Dutring the year just ended, the facutlty numbered 30
professors, and 400 students were in attendance. Both
resident and day students are received.
Among those whose opinions are most respectedcl
when it is a case of the proper education of the embryo
man, the Pittsburgh College of the Holy Ghost has always been spoken of in the very highest terms, and most
justly so, as evidenced by its graduates now in different
walks of life.
BANK NOTES
SOME OF THE FINEST ENGRAVING FOR BANK NOTE PURPOSES
DONE BY LOCAL TALENT
Pittsburgh, being one of the greatest business centers
in the world, is naturally an iimmense user of high-grade
engraving in a thousand different forms, including stock
certificates, stationery, bonds, checks, etc., and for many
years practically all of the high-class business in these
lines was sent to Philadelphia, New York and Chicago
PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF TIIE HOLY GHOST, PITTSBURGH, PA.T H iE   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    3 731
there being no local concern that handled the best business in a satisfactory manner. All this has been changed
by the energy and farsightedness of the officers of the
Republic Bank Note Company, who are now supplying
our leading business houses with everything that is
necessary in the line of lithographic work or fine steel
engraving.
THE REPUBLIC BANK NOTE COMPANYIn addition to the continuous demand for steel engraving there has been also a large amount of lithographic
work required by local financial institutions and industrial
concerns, this being also an important necessity in the
business world. The Colonial Printing  Lithographing
Co., a corporation of the State of New Jersey, has been
one of the principal factors in this local trade, but was
not equipped in such manner as to be able to properly
handle anything and everything in these lines that
emanated in Pittsburgh business houses, more especially
so when the growth of the city caused the demand f or
the finest class of work to greatly increase.
Frank J. Pope, then president of the Western Bank
Note Company of Chicago, saw the possibilities and determined to perfect an organization that would have its
headquarters and plant in Pittsburgh and be in position
to handle all work with speed and in a manner that would
equal in quality and artistic execution the best work done
in New York City.
Accordingly he organized the Republic Bank Note
Company, incorporating it under the laws of this State
on January I9, I905. The capital stock was nominally
placed at $50,000, all of which had been subscribed before the corporation was formed. In December of the
same year it was decided to increase the capital stock in
order that the necessary extensions and improvements
might be made to the plant of the Colonial Printing 
Engraving Co., this concern having been absorbed entirely by the Republic Bank Note Company upon its formation. The capital stock was accordingly increased
to $25o,ooo, and a large number of improvements made,
including the installation of high-priced modern printing
and engraving machinery, so necessary to execute the
high-class work demanded by the business community.
A short time later the company moved into its handsome new building at 28 I7 Forbes Street, where it is now
located, and which houses one of the finest and most
complete plants of the kind between Philadelphia and
Chicago. When the company moved to the new building, it was decided to install a large amount of new
equipment in addition to that moved from the old plant,
thus largely increasing the capacity. All of this equipment was the most modern that could be purchased, and
is driven by electricity generated in the building at a
central power plant. The engraving plant is one of the
most modern and best equipped in this part of the country, and produces some of the finest work used by the
largest Pittsburgh corporations. The business has continued to expand regularly, and the plant has been added
to accordingly, a number of new presses and binders
having been installed during the summer and  fall of
I907, until it is now most completely equipped.
The officers of the company are Frank J. Pope, president; William L. Hurd, first vice-president; Archibald
Jave, secondl vice-president; John W. Harrington, treasurer, and George W. Goldsweig, secretary.
PIANO DEALERS
THE STEEL CITY'S CITIZENS ANNUALLY MAINTAIN THEIR LIBERAL
EXPENDITURE FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Each year the piano trade has been expanding. During the past year it is conservatively estimated that
between 5,ooo and 6,ooo pianos have been sold in Pittsburgh, representing a value of almost $2,ooo,ooo. The
enormous amount of money spent by Pittsburghers for
musical instruments may be imagined when one adds to
the number of pianos, the piano-players, pianola's, violins,
banjos, etc., that are bought annually, these generally
being of the costliest type. That the piano dealer does
his part also in creating and fostering Pittsburgh's musical atmosphere is conceded by all those who know
what has been done by them in aiding musical organizations, offering medals, furnishing instruments, and in
numerous other ways.
C. C. MELLOR COMPANY, LTD.-The C. C.
Mellor Company, Ltd., is a development from small beginnings. Its position in the piano and music trade is
the natural result of many years of indtistry, perseverance and fair dealing towards the public.
Mr. John Mellor, of English birth, came to the
United States in I 82 I.  In I831 he embarked in the
music business in this city.   After several changes of
partners, he continued the business alone until his death
in I863, whereupon his son, Charles C. Mellor, succeeded to it and has been its head ever since.
The present head of the company received a thorough musical education, and, in his younger days, was
known as one of the most accomplished pianists and the
leading organist of the city.  He  was in his youth
trained in the construction of pianos and organs.  In
his later years he has devoted much time to literary and
scientific pursuits. In I896 he was named by Mr. Carnegie one of the board of trustees of the Carnegie Institute, and since the opening of the Carnegie Museum
has been chairman of the comittee in charge.
Mr. Harvey S. Patterson, secretary of the company,
came into the employ of the firm in 1876, and by his
industry, integrity, activity and good common sense has
risen to his present high position.
Mr. Walter C. Mellor is vice-chairman and treasurer
of the company, and much of the general direction of3 74  T H E   S T'O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
affairs is in his hands. Mr. Geo. E. Mellor now occupies
the position of auditor.
The offices and warerooms of the company are at 3I9
Fifth Avenue.
AUTOMOBILE AGENCIES
PITTSBURGH IS NOW ONE OF THE BIGGEST AUTOMOBILE CENTERS
IN THE UNITED STATES
As the automobile is the latest mode of conveyance
that civilized humanity now employs with success, a community to be in the first rank of progress must show that
it can supply everything that is requisite to properly care
for the ever increasing demand of humanity to travel
faster than its own legs permit.
No better illustration of Pittsburgh's prosperity is
to be found anywhere than in its wide use of automobiles. This city is one of the big centers in the United
States in automobile sales. The visitor to any other city
will find no more autos whizzing through the principal
thoroughfares than can be seen any day in the streets of
Pittsburgh. The great demand for automobiles has
established great agencies here, where, in immense salesrooms, the pick of the world in automobile workmanship
is placed at the doors of Pittsburghers.
ERNEST D. NEVIN-Ernest Delano Nevin and
Edward C. Dilworth are associated as agents and importers of the celebrated Darracq Motor Car Company's
machines manufactured at Suresnes, near Paris, France.
Experts declare the Darracq car stands at the top of the
list as regards all kinds of speed and road records, having won the Vanderbilt race twice in succession, and made
two miles in 58 4-5 seconds at Ormond last year-the
highest speed ever attained in the world-besides a host
of other achievements.
The unsurpassed reliability of the Darracq is shown
in the f act that a machine of this make went through a
Glidden tour from start to finish without a single adjustment. Through a mistake in calculation by occupants
of car, it was driven into a checking station seven mnutes
ahead of time, for which it was penalized 14 points (extracts from official report), which, being the only penalty
imposed, in no way detracts from the successful performance of the car. Other merits claimed are enduralnce, speed, economy, and as a leader in hill-climbing.
Mr. Nevin says the crying need of Pittsburgh which
appeals most strongly to him and other devotees of
autoing is good roads, an evil which all hope to see
speedily remedied.
Mr. Nevin is a native of Sewickley, being a son of
the late Col. John I. Nevin, formerly editor of the Pittsburgh "Leader." He is a graduate of Shadyside Academy and of Princeton classes of I900 and 1905 respectively, and is a member of the University and Princeton
clubs.
HOTELS
THE BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF PITTSBURGH IS ABLY CATERED TO
BY SPLENDID HOTELS
Hotel building in the Pittsburgh district has been a
constant chase to make the supply equal the demand. In
Greater Pittsburgh and the surrounding towns, like
Uniontown, Johnstown and others, the demand for hotel
facilities has increased wonderfully in the last score of
years. The result has been the building of more modern
hotels than is the case in many other cities, and the Pittsburgh district is famous among traveling men and other
wide patrons of hotels for the most satisfactory service
afforded guests.
This city has a number of hotels that are unsurpassed
anywhere for general all-around convenience, while the
city's hotel facilities as a whole are very good. Being
an industrial center, Pittsburgh is visited more frequently
by the business man than the sightseer, and the hotels are
operated with this in mind. All are located so as to be
easily accessible to the principal centers of business activity. But while catering to the business man, Pittsburgh
hotel proprietors have not neglected to be artistic in the
building and furnishing of their hostelries, and in this
respect the hotels have a reputation of no small proportions.
HOTEL ANDERSON-The corner of Penn Avenue and Sixth Street in Pittsburgh has been a hotel site
for so long that the memory of the oldest inhabitant
runneth not to the contrary. Sixth Street was originally
St. Clair Street, and Penn Avenue was Penn Street,
which f act is not so old but that it comes within the
memory of men still living. Of course Penn Street was
named for Wm. Penn, the original proprietary owner of
the land, and St. Clair Street was named for the distinguished Gen. Arthur St. Clair, personages whose memory Pittsburgh has always deligted to honor, as shown
by the present-day nomenclature of the city. In the days
of the Conestoga wagon for the transportation of freight,
and the big f our or six-horse stage-coaches f or carrying
passengers  and the United States mails, the old hostelry
on this site was a starting point for both, and was a very
busy place even in those primitive days.
For many years the site of the Hotel Anderson was
occupied by the St. Clair Hotel, which, in its way, was
a favorite stopping place for travelers whose business
brought them to Pittsburgh. It was rather unpretentious
as compared with its present successor, and finally had to
give way to the march of progress. "Times change, and
we are changed with them," is an old saying which
might properly read-times change and hotels change
with them.
Recognizing this fact, and to accommodate the ever
increasing trade of people who always sought to "take
their ease in their inn" at Sixth and Penn, a splendidmodern hotel building, which made many open their eyes
in astonishment, was erected on the site. It was opened
in I885 by H. McKinnie, an experienced hotel proprietor,
and father of W. M. McKinnie, the present lessee and
mnanager.  Fromn the first the Anderson was a great
suticcess, and guests may be found registered there almost any day who were there at the opening twenty-two
years ago. While the house is extremnely popular with
commercial travelers, it is not devoted exclusively to
this class of guests. Its conservative policy, however,
has caused its management to adhere to the American
plan, and it now enjoys the reputation far and wide of
being one of the best American houses in the country.
The present genial proprietor released the house in
1905 after his father's administration of twenty years.
Everything is conducted upon a liberal and hospitable
scale.  Abundant help, numbering about I 20, is employecl to look after the comnfort of the guests night and
day. There is always an
air of quiet, homelike, genuine elegance about the
house which appeals very
strongly to mnany guests,
especially those who have
for years been making it
their Pittsburgh home.
HOTEL CRYSTALFrom top to bottom there is
about the Hotel Crystal of
Johnstown, Pa., an air of
quiet luxury, of exclusiveness, of quiet care bestowed
alike upon detail and ensemnble which stamps it at
once as a hostelry par excellence, a n d n o t to be
equalled outside of the largest centers of metropolitan
poptlation in this or any other country.  Scarcely five
years old, it has become the established headquarters of
tourists, commercial travelers and members of the theatrical profession, and the acknowledgecl meeting place of
Johnstown's most substantial business men.
The management has assured its future success and
made its growth certain by the addition of a splendid
building known as the Crystal Annex. This addition of
sixty rooms to the original house containing one huLnclrecl makes it the largest hotel in Johnstown.  In it are
thirty-six rooms en suite of two rooms each and bath,
each suite having its private hallway leading from the
main hall.  This entrance may be locked at the guest's
will, thus affording entire privacy.
Taken as a whole the Crystal represents all that is
new and modern in hotel management, with its handsome
furnishings, call-bell, elevator and telephone service, and
its cuisine, famous from one end of the State to the other.
The service is a la carte, and every delicacy of the season-as well as the substantial dishes desired for the
daily menu-are always found at the Crystal. It is under the direct supervision of the proprietor, John F.
Berlin. Mr. A. C. Lampe, head clerk, is next in charge.
HOTEL GALLATIN-Robert Furey Sample, one
of the proprietors of the Gallatin Hotel of Uniontown,
Pa., was born at Pine Grove Mills, Center County, Pa.
In I1885 he was appointed clerk in the railway mail
service, and until I889 was engaged in this occupation.
He next became paymaster at the construction of the
H. C. Frick Coke Company's works at Adelaide, Whitney and Lippencott. He was proprietor of the West
End Hotel of Uniontown for eight years.
The Gallatin Hotel, of which he and E. B. Marshall
are the proprietors, is one of the finest hotels of western
Pennsylvania, and will rank with any in Philadelphia or
Pittsburgh in the elegance
of its appointments and the
conveniences offered to its
guests. It occupies a magnificent five-story  building
of pressed brick and stone,
and  has forty-four handsomely furnished bedrooms,
each  with  hot and  cold
water, electric 1 i g h t s and
bells, bath and e 1 e v a t o r
service.  The office is attractive with ornamental
tile floor; the parlors are
pleasant, the dining room is
a model of neatness, and the
commissariat of the highest
standard, and  the  service
perfect.  A  fine cafe and
bar is attached well stocked with the best liqtiors and
cigars. Mr. E. B. Marshall is well known in business
and finanlcial circles, this, however, being his first experience in the hotel business.
Mr. Sample is a member of Pittsburgh Consistory,
Syria Temple and its appendant orders, and is also a
member of the Elks and of the Eagles.
THE HOTEL HENRY-The Hotel Henry may
well be includclecl in the "Story of Pittsburgh." Not only
is it one of the largest and most utip-to-date hostelries in
this section, but it ranks with some of the finest and foremost hotels in the country.  Situatecl uponl a commanding site in the very heart of Pittsburgh, it stands a preeminent contribution to the city's greatness.
It is a massive fire-proof structure, towering eleven
stories in height, of inclestrtctible steel, stone and terra
cotta. Within its walls it contains a wealth of architectural design and artistic embellishment-the acme of perHOTEL CRYSTAL, JOHNSTOWN, PA.fection.  From subcellar to roof mnechanism and human
endeavor are made subservient to the beck and call of its
patrons. The Hotel Henry has one of the largest and
most perfectly  equipped  telephone exchanges in the
world; five hundred long-distance telephones are in
service throughout the hotel.
While every precaution has been taken to insure
absolute protection to life and property, an equal measure
of attention has been devoted to safeguarding health.
A fortune has been expended to make the plumnbing of
the Hotelt Henry a model of sanitary excellence. It may
be stated as a matter of interest that the plumbing feature of the hotel called for an outlay of one hunclred andcl
fifty thousand dollars.  The most modern system  of
ventilation prevails in each apartmnent.  The filtration,
~  *   1   t-  
vaporizing and retrigerating plants is another
feature designedcl for the
safeguarding of health.
Every  drop  of water
used in the house passes
through the latest and
most scientifically constructecl  filters.  That
used for drinking and
culinary purposes is vaporized, a n d  e v e r y
ounce of ice used in the
premises is the congelation of the same purified elemtent.
The Hotel Henry
contains 5oo00 rooms, arranged s i n g 1 y or en
suite.  As a practical
illustration of the possibilities of its cuisine
service the Hotel Henry
on one occasion and at
one sitting r e c e ntly
served 1,500 persons, carrying to a successful aiid satisfactory issue simultaneous service of four separate and
distinct banquets, and ably earned the highest encomiums
from each party.
It would be difficult to conceive anything more cheerful, bright and artistic than the lobby of this hotel, the
most notable feature of which is its ceiling, upon which
appear decorative designs absolutely unique and characteristic. It is the conception of Mr. D. F. Henry,
owner of the hotel, and in its execution is reflected that
gentleman's favorite pastime, the stucdy of history, and
does great credit to his judgmnent.
In these days of liberal ideas it is generally conceded
that a bar is a necessary adjunct of a hotel, and one that
may be mentioned without offense. In the regulation of
this department the utmost care is constantly exercised to
eliminate every objectionable featutire that might be incident to a hotel bar. Expense is not allowed to stand in
the way and prevent the patrons of the hotel from receiving the most reliable drinkables at fair prices consistent with the best service.
In its entirety and magnitude, the Hotel Henry is
something more than a place merely of eating and sleeping-it is a pre-emninent exemplification of the possibilities of public service combined with the material and
artistic characteristics of a public educator.
THE HOTEL SCHENLEY-Unsurpassed in location among the hotels of this or any other city, the Hotel
Schenley, under the proprietorship of James Riley, holds
a unique place amnong the institutions of Pittsburgh. As
a "h o mn e" hotel it is
probably unequalled in
facilities and patronage,
and th o ugh it is ten
minuites' ride fromn the
business section of the
city, its transient guests
are of a class and in
such n  nmbers sas to
show the thorough appreciation a really handsome and carefully and
beautifully kept h o t e 1
has for the traveler at
home or abroad.
Its carefutl and efficient 1management
allows no smallest detail to escape its welldisciplined  supervision,
and  to  this wTatchful
foresight and comfortable assnrance of service it owes, in a degree,
it s popularity  among
the strictly first-class and refined guest personnel. The
well-kept grounds is another pleasing feature, while the
outlook fromn every room, being so altogether pleasant
and different from the ordinary hotel view, stamps it at
once as the hotel par excellence.
It is located on Grant Boulevard, opposite the Carnegie Institute and its beautiful surroundings.  Its magnificent ballroom, the scene of so many brilliant assemblages; its large and handsome dining room  where foreign as well as national guests have been delightfutlly
entertained; its ntimber of smaller dining-rooms; the
splendid entrances and halls and reception rooms familiar
to the fashionable society people who throng them upon
occasions, and its hunclreds of finely furnished and wellkept rooms andl suites are the factors that go to make up
this thoroughly first-class hotel.
HOTEL SCHENLEY, PITTSBURGH, PA.RESTAURANTS
IN NO OTHER INDUSTRIAL CENTER ARE THERE TO BE FOUND
BETTER RESTAURANTS
Of its restaulrants Pittsburgh has every reason to be
proud. In no city are there to be found a greater variety
nor better equipped eating places. What is now known
as the restaurant habit has been acquired chiefly because
of the excellent cuisine and efficient service of its many
restaurants, whose ever-ready and delightful repasts
allow the busy housewife a happy change of entertaining
and, at the same time, being entertained without the least
worry of planning or serving an elaborate menu. They
futrnish, too, a haven of rest and recuperation for the
busy mian of affairs, where, with miusic, flowers, and
dainty appointments, he is effectively refreshed in the
midst or after the day's work.
THE  CAFE  FULTON-In the Fulton Building,
that monumental structure of indestructible steel and
stone, containing within its walls a wealth of architectural design, artistic embellishment and the acmte of perfection in its vehicles of service, is located the Cafe Fulton. It would be difficult to conceive of anything mnore
cheerful, bright and artistic than this restaurant, which,
with its handsomne decorations and arrangements, is the
embodiment of brilliancy.
The contributory cuisine is a marvel of culinary completeness. Every appliance designed for the artistic and
scientific preparation of food is found here, and their
manipulation is entrusted only to masters. In its possibilities of cuisine and service it has no superiors and very
few equals in this vicinity.
The ladies' Pompeian room is a bower of beauty. Its
walls and ceiling covered with a lattice work entwined
with garlands, a free trunk likewise garlanded in the
center of the roomt  give it an air of rural simplicity,
which, comnbined with all the luxurious equipmtents of
lights, mirrors and service make an ensemble pleasing to
the most exacting and critical tastes.
In the main dining-room and in the gentlemen's cafe
the same excellence and attention is found, each of which
offers distinct and particular dining.  In fact, throughout the establishment the highest standard of excellence
prevails, and this, with its moderate prices, combine in
making it one of the most popular of Pittsburgh's restaurants. It is managed and supervised by the owner, Paul
N. Decrette.
McCREERY  CO. RESTAURANT-Pittsburgh
has never been noted for being the possessor of a large
number of high-class restaurants and cafes, and the ma* jority of those it can boast of are, as is well known, confined to the leading hotels. For a number of years there
has been a steady complaint among the better class of
shoppers that there have been few places suitable for
DINING ROOM-McCREERY  CO. RESTAURANTmnade known its purchase of the capital stock of the
Freehold Bank, a reliable and well known State institution. Through the Freehold Bank, which The Colonial
Trust Company now operates in the Fourth Avenue end
of the Colonial Building, accrue to the company and its
customers special advantages in the discounting of commercial paper. The second accession was the City Trust
Company. This occurred on May 22, I902, at which
time the capital of The Colonial Trust was increased
to $2,000,000. All the business of the City Trust Company was taken over by the Colonial. On January 7,
1903, the directors of the Colonial Trust Comnpany organized the Colonial National Bank, a majority of the
stock of which was held by the company. On August
15, I903, was effected a merger with the American Trust
Company, which had previously obtained the ownership
of the Pennsylvania Trust Comnpany, the Columbia National Bank, the Tradesmen's National Bank, and the
Germania Savings Bank. With
the exception of
the Columbia
National B a n k
(which liquidated the Colonial
National B a n k
and the Tradesmen's  National
Bank), and the
Germania Savings Bank, operated separately
under the same
management as
formierly, the interests thus consolidated, henceforth known as the Colonial Trust Company, are housed
in the handsome new granite building extending through
from Fourth Avenue to Diamond Street, 245 feet of
offices, one of the longest banking rooms in the world.
The capital of the Colonial Trust Company was then
fixed at $4,000,000.
In addition to the foregoing the Colonial Trust Conpany is associated with the ownership of the following
institutions through its holdings of (either a majority or
a considerable part of) the capital stock of each.
The Colonial Trust Company, South Sharon, Pa.;
The Bridgeville Trust Company,;Bridgeville, Pa.; The
First National Bank, Conneaut Lake, Pa.; Coraopolis
Savings  Trust Co., Coraopolis, Pa.; The Ellwood City
Trust Company, Ellwood City, Pa.; First National Bank,
Ellwood City, Pa.; The Greenville National Bank. Greenville, Pa.; Grove City Savings  Trust Co., Grove City,
Pa.; The Peoples' National Bank, Grove City, Pa.; First
National Bank, Sharon, Pa.; The First National Bank,
Shingle House, Pa.; First National Bank, Wellsville,
N. Y.; The First National Bank, Zelienpole, Pa.
On May 28, I907, the resources of the Colonial Trust
Comlpany amiounted to $2I,645,356.03. Its surplus was
$5,8oo,ooo, besides undivided profits to the extent of
$48o,459. I5. Its trust funds, which are kept separate
from the funds of the banking departmnent, were thus
itemizedl:
Trust funds invested................. $3,278,974.23
Trust funds uninvested................   I32,878.73
Trustee under 1mortgage............... 86,900,ooo.oo
The officers of the Colonial Trust Company are as
follows: E. H. Jennings, President; James C. Chaplin,
Vice-President; John A. Bell, Vice-President; Homer C.
Stewart, Treasurer; A. D. Robbl, Secretary.
COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY-The
Commomvnwealth Trust Company is one of the best and
o 1 d e s t institutions in western
P e n n sylvania.
Its management
is composed of
able men, and its
history covers
more than four
decades.  Its
handsome quarters and those of
the Commercial
National B a n k
a n d  Commonwealth Real Est a t e Comnpany,
b o t h  affiliated
corporations, are
in  the  massive
Commonwealth Building, which towYers in architectural
splendor in Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh.  Every known
appliance for the convenience and benefit of patrons has
been installed, with the result that it is one of the most
complete banking institutions in America.  A new feature is the corporation room at the disposal of friends for
general meeting purposes.
The conapany has a capital of $I,5oo,ooo, and surplus
and profits of $I,391,ooo, making a total of more than
$2,89I,000 in capital funds, which forms a substantial
guarantee to patrons. The total resources, according to
the last statement, aggregated mnore than $5,359,000.
The company was established in 1902 to conduct a
general trust conipany business. It is the outgrowth of
the real estate business of the firm of WV. A. Herron 
Sons, which was established in I863.  The latter firm
was composed of the late Col. William A. Herron, his
son, John W. Herron, president of the trust company;
George D. Edwards, secretary andcl treasurer of the trust
INTERIOR VIEW OF COLONIAL TRUST COiMAPANYladies unattended to lunch in the shopping district unless
they went to the hotels or larger public cafes, which few
cared to do.
Knowing this feeling, iMcCreery  Co., when they
opened their magnificent new store at Oliver Avenue and
Wood Street a few years ago, arranged for the opening
also of a large and strictly first-class cafe on the top
floor of the building.
This cafe is one of the most prepossessing and best
apportioned in the city, seating several hundred persons.
Its popularity is not by any means confined to the gentler
sex, as will be noted by the visitor on any day during
the noon lunch-hours. Parties of business gentlemen
are frequently much in evidence, preferring this place on
account of the quietness and privacy afforded.  The
service, too, is excellent, every want of the customner being promptly attended to.
The kitchen, which is
located in the rear of the
first floor, is presided over
by one of the best chefs
in the city. All dishes are
prepared on the premises,
and a glance at this portion of the cafe will be
positive proof of the care
and cleanliness that is
characteristic of the place.
While the restaurant
of McCreery  Co. is at
all times comfortable in
every sense of the word,
it is peculiarly so during
the hot months when humanity, though  it must
eat in order to subsist, yet
does so with pleasutire only
when it can do so with
cool and airy surroundings. This McCreery  Co. ensure by having their dining-room  on the top floor of their tall building.
CATERERS
A BUSINESS THAT PROVIDES THE WELL-APPOINTED DINNER AND
SAVES THE HOUSEKEEPER
What is so clelightftil as a well-appointed dinner in
one's own homne surrounded by friends! And to persons
of smnall or mnedium  m1eans such an entertainment is
within reach, without so mutich as an hour's preparation,
with an excellent caterer, tried and found trustworthy,
at hand.  In these establishmnents everything on the
menu, from soup to coffee, has received carefutil attention,
and so well drilled are their assistants that at each function the service is such as could be rendered only by a
corps of house servants after years of familiarity and
training. Dinners, receptions, teas, and functions of all
kinds, are supplied on short notice with viands and service
that makes entertaining a joy.
W. R. KUHN  CO.-W. R. Kuhn  Co., known
as Kuhns, was established in I1882.  They are known
throughout the Pittsburgh district as high-class caterers
for weddings, banquets, luncheons, etc., and have their
headquarters in their new building, "The Rittenhouse,"
on Highland Avenue, near Penn. The firmn has been
strengthened by the addition of H. P. Kuhn, at present half-owner in the Rittenhoutse, and J. J. Joyce, acting  manager, but the style of firim is to remain as above.
W. R. Kuhn  Co. regularly employ frotn seventy
to seventy-five people in their different departments, each
of which is run independent of the other. At times this
nutmber is increased by as many more to handle outside
work.   Their  business,
which enjoys a high class
of patronage, e x t e n d s
along all the railroads to
most of the towns within
one  hundred  and  fifty
miles of Pittsburgh.
The Rittenhouse is a
large building of consicderable architectural merit,
carefully planned to take
care of the largest and
smallest social functions,
weddings, banquets, luncheons, etc., there being
both large and small banquet halls, several small
dinner rooms for private
p a r t i e s, also reception
rooms and every facility
for accommodating large
or small parties.
The Rittenhouse will also have two floors of choice
apartments arranged in suites to meet the varied requirements of occupants, each suite consisting of large rooms,
ample closet room and large baths. It will be complete
in every detail and conducted as a private hotel, with
special quick and sutiperior service.
There is no establishment exactly like it in scope of
activity in Pittsburgh, and it is expected it will fill a longfelt want in a community which will be pleased with the
excellent service, good taste displayed, and good form
of the entertainments given tinder its managements.
In expressing an opinion as to the future of Pittsburgh and vicinity relative to their line of business,
Kuhn  Co. say:  "We have all faith in the continued
prosperity of the country. In our own we have almost
completed such an enterprise as no house west of New
York has ever attempted, and with all faith in its sucW. R. KUHN  CO. BUILDINGT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    379
cess because our business demands it. Our investment
in our new business, the Rittenhouse, will be over $400,ooo. Did we not have confidence in the continued prosperity, we would not go into such an investment."
WOOL
LOCAL IMPORTATIONS OF WOOL NOW VERY LARGE AND CONSTANTLY INCREASING IN VOLUME
That Pittsburgh is not solely an iron and steel center
is shown in innumerable other activities in various directions, particularly in the importations of wool. Sales of
wool here, for the making of clothing and all articles of
wearing apparel, reach a figure which includes several
naughts. Besides, wool is entering into industrial life
for uses aside from clothing the human form more and
more every day. Pittsburghers import wool in larger
quantities than many cities of much larger size.
THE P. McGRAW WOOL COMPANY- One of
the well established industries of Allegheny City, which
may be considered a part of Greater Pittsburgh, is that
carried on by the P. McGraw Wool Company.
The business was started in I880 by Patrick McGraw,
present president of the company, with a capital of $IOO
and one workman, and has gradually increased since
then, until it now employs I25 men and has a capital of
one-half million dollars.
The company was incorporated in I89I. The class
of business is wool-pulling and dealing in wool; its
products are wool and pickled sheepskins. The main
office and works are located at I466-I476 River Avenue,
Allegheny, Pa.; branch offices: 246 Summer Street, Boston, and I47 South Front Street, Philadelphia. About
one-half of its supply of sheepskin comes from foreign
countries, the annual purchase of these amounting to
about $I,OOO,OOO.
Patrick McGraw, president of the company, is a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, having come from there
thirty-four years ago direct to Allegheny. Joseph N.
Kooz, vice-president, also comes from County Down,
Ireland, but has spent the greater part of his life in this
country. H. W. Bickel, secretary and treasurer, is also
cashier of the Commercial National Bank. Other members of the company are S. Bailey, Jr., Robert B. Petty
and Wm. G. Hasley.
SURVEYORS' SUPPLIES
KEEPING ABREAST OF THE MARCH OF INVENTION HAS BROUGHT
MUCH TRADE
A feature of industrial progress in this territory
which cannot be overlooked is the part played by the
surveyor and the draughtsman. The one laid out the
path of the great railway lines which enter the city; the
other drew the plans which showed the way in the building projects which have made Pittsburgh great.  No
other section of Pittsburgh's size in the whole world is a
wider user of surveying instruments and drawing materials. This calling has become a prosperous business of
immense proportions, in which the Pittsburgher eclipsed
his competitors outside this city by keeping abreast of
the march of invention and good workmanship.
GEORGE L. KOPP  CO.-The opportunities that
Pittsburgh offers to a purveyor to professions scientific
have been utilized to good advantage by George L. Kopp.
Trading as George L. Kopp  Co., he does a very large
business at 704 Smithfield Street.
Keeping in stock about everything from a surveyor's
transit to a fountain pen, from a scratch tablet to a complete equipment for the largest up-to-date draughting
room, Kopp is enabled to supply every scientific instrument and accessory required by civil, constructing, electrical, mechanical and mining engineers. Kopp has the
exclusive agency for the celebrated Buff and Buff transits; the draughtsman's f avorite Kopco pencil is manufactured and prepared for a variety of purposes according to Kopp's specifications; another Kopp specialty is the
duplicating record field-book for surveyors; an important
adjunct of his business is the making of blue prints;
Kopp uses a special developer which insures for the
prints an excellent blue background and remarkably clear
white lines. For developing prints he has two electrical
machines and three sun frames. Kopp also carries a
large stock of the latest scientific books.
CUSTOM-HOUSE BROKER
IT DOES NOT PAY TO BOTHER ABOUT TECHNICALITIES WHEN
ONE CAN BE ABLY SERVED
Few people called upon to import or export goods of
value care to entangle themselves in the reams o f red
tape connected with Uncle Sam's custom-office, especially
when a person trained in just such work is obtainable.
Pittsburgh boasts a man who has spent years in dealing
with the custom-house officials, and he knows every trick
of the trade. His business has grown to a considerable
volume, first, through the advertising given him by satisfied customers, and, secondly, through the fact that Pittsburgh has become a big port in imports and exports.
JOHN FRANKLIN LENT-John Franklin Lent,
son of John and Mary E. Lent, was born at Sewickley,
Pa,December 2I, I82  where his family were among
the first settlers. He was educated in the public school
and high school of Pittsburgh, graduating from the latter
in I889.
He was first employed as messenger in the division
freight-office of the P. C. C.  St. L. Railway, Pittsburgh, after various promotions becoming chief clerk in
the Pennsylvania company division-office. He was the380  T H E   S T 0 R Y   0 F   P I T T S B U R G H
first representative of the Pere Marquette Railroad, with
offices in Pittsburgh, then became traffic manager Union
Steel Company, Standard Steel Car Company, then, in
I905, opening his present office, IIIO Park Building,
where he acts as traffic manager for twelve large companies of this district, and also as custom-house broker.
He has agents in all parts of the world. Mr. Lent has
been a steady agitator for foreign trade, and supplies
the only facilities Pittsburgh has for through booking to
and from foreign countries. His office is the first of its
kind, and any shipper can obtain expert advice on freight
matters and Interstate Commerce Commission rulings,
Mr. Lent being recognized as a traffic expert. Mr. Lent
says that "Pittsburgh being the foremost traffic center of
the world gives a large field f or services such as his
office performs."
STEEL INSPECTOR
IT REQUIRES A MOST THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF STEEL FOR
THIS TECHNICAL POSITION
Pittsburgh's fame as a steel and iron manufacturing
center, it has been shown heretofore, has been the means
of building prosperous industries in other directions, and
one of the well-paying callings growing out of iron and
steel is that of steel inspector. The requirement in this
craft is a thorough knowledge of steel. The livelihood
comes through people buying steel here and unwilling
Or unable to inspect it themselves.   One Pittsburgh
steel inspector has a rapidly-growing clientele whi ch includes buyers of steel in small and large quantities all
over the world.
ROBERT W. HUNT  CO.-The firm of Robert
W. Hunt  Co., engineers, was established in I888. The
present members of the firm are Robert W. Hunt, of
Chicago; John J. Cone, of New York; James C. Hallsted, of Chicago, and David W. McNaugher, of Pittsburgh.
The class of business done by this firm is consulting
engineering, bureau of inspection, testing and reporting
material used in all kinds of construction and equipment, consulting upon designs and construction of engineering works, operations and process of manufacture and physical and chemical laboratories. The number of employees is about 2 00.
Their offices and branch offices are as follows: Main
office, the Rookery, Chicago; New York office, go West
Street; Pittsburgh office, the Monongahela Bank Building, and the leading cities throughout the world.
Robert W. Hunt, president of the American Institute
of Mining Engineers, was born at Fallsington, Pa. He
was educated in the public schools of Covington, Kentucky, working later in the rolling mills at Pottsville,
Pa. He then studied analytical chemistry in the laboratory of Booth, Garrett  Reese, of Philadelphia, which
enabled him to take charge of the chemical laboratory
of the Cambria Iron Company of Johnstown, Pa.
When the Civil War occurred, Robert W. Hunt was
commandant of Camp Curtin at Harrisburg, later serving with Lambert's Independent Cavalry. On his return to Johnstown he took charge of the Bessemer interests, producing the first commercial steel rails rolled in
America. After holding the superintendency of the Troy
Iron  Steel Co., he organized the Robert W. Hunt
Company in Chicago. He is president of the foremost
American engineering societies, and a member of several British engineering societies.
John J. Cone entered the civil engineering department of the West Shore Road, where he organized the
department of inspection for bridge and track supplies,
and succeeded in enrolling as patrons the leading railroads of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Mr.
Cone now represents the firm of Robert W. Hunt 
Co. in New York City, annually visiting their London
and foreign headquarters, which are under his supervision.
James C. Hallsted, C.E., is a graduate of Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, and Troy Institute. He has been
a member of the firm of G. W. G. Ferris  Co., Pittsburgh, and their successors, Hallsted  McNaugher, until their merging with Robert W. Hunt  Co., with whom
he has been engaged in the inspection and testing of
structural materials for twenty-four years.
David McNaugher graduated from Westminster College and Rensselaer Institute, taking a special course in
the chemisty of iron and steel. He has been with G. W.
G. Ferris  Co., Hallsted  McNaugher and Robert W.
Hunt  Co., having charge of their Pittsburgh office.
Albert Winfield Fiero, at one time a member of
Robert W. Hunt  Co., was born in Battle Creek, Michigan, 1849.  He obtained employment with a local
surveyor, later being with the Southern Michigan Railway Company, and then with the Chicago  Illinois
River Railroad. In I889 he became a member of the
firm of Robert W. Hunt  Co., with whom he continued
until his death in I906.
MINING
AS AN ORE AND COAL-MINE DEVELOPER THE "WORLD'S WORKSHOP " HAS NO PEER
Pittsburgh is one of the world's greatest centers of
mining investment. As an ore and coal-mine developer
the world's workshop has no peer, but its captains of
industry, as well as its people of ordinary means, have
invaded other mining fields the products of which are
not generally considered articles of manufacture in Pittsburgh. This includes gold, silver, copper, lead and other
metals. Not only have Pittsburghers invested largely
in the stock of such mines, but wealthy Pittsburghers
have bought up and now control and operate entire minesT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H   381I
stoped out and shipped, makes certain the richness and
importance of the mine.
According to present calculations the ore can be
mned, trammed to the mill site and milled for $3.00 per
ton.  This ore will concentrate to about 6o per cent.
lead, and 20 ounces of silver to the ton. From these
values the freight and treatment rates deducted, will
leave a very handsome profit.
Capitalized at $I,500,000, the company is incorporated under the laws of the State of Montana, which
are strict and well adapted to protect the interests of
the stockholders.
The Montana office of the company is looked after
by Marshall and Stiff, attorneys of Missoula, Montana.
The business office is in the Home Trust Building, Pittsburgh.
The officers of the company are: President, Anton
Lutz, Chairman of the B oard of Directors of the Independent Brewing Company, Pittsburgh; Treasurer,
Felix Lutz, Superintendent of the Lutz plant of the Independent Brewing Company, Pittsburgh; Secretary,
Thomas C. Marshall, of the law firm of Marshall  Stiff,
Missoula, Montana; besides Anton and Felix Lutz, other
well known Pittsburghers on the Board of Directors of
the Denver  Rock Island Development Co. are: J. A.
Gartlan, broker and oil producer; Henry F. Gilg, secretary of the Refined Iron  Steel Co.; George B.
Motherall, attorney, of the firm of Reed, Smith, Shaw
 B eal; E. H. Mengel, private secretary to Anton Lutz;
in addition to the secretary of the company, the directors
who live outside of Pittsburgh are: Dr. Franz Koempel,
of New York, and W. Lloyd Scott, practical miner of
Spokane, Washington.
THE PARRAL  DURANGO RAILROAD CO.
There seems to be no limit to Pittsburghers' enterprise; they are found promoting, organizing and developing business concerns in all parts of the world, and
are justly famed for their success in their undertakings,
This is in no wise better exemplified than in the Parral
 Durango Railroad Co., operating in the States of
Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico. The stockholders of
the company are nearly all Pittsburghers, who were
originally interested in mining operations in Mexico
(Hidalgo Mining Company), and finding that the exigencies of their business required a railroad, they went
to work with the usual Pittsburgh pluck, and incorporated, built a road to take care of their business, and
incidentally contributed to the prosperity of that section
of Mexico and its development.
The Company owns about 160,000 acres of land
through which its lines extend. A large portion of this
is covered with heavy pine and oak timber.
The company was incorporated in I898 with a capital
stock of $I,ooo,ooo to do a general railroad business.
It has the usual passenger traffic, and the freight carIn Mexico, Idaho, Nevada, and in others of our western
mineral-producing States.
Investments made in gold, silver and other mines,
many Pittsburghers to-day consider the most profitable
holdings they possess. The possibilities of quick results
at a small initial cost appeal to the average enterprising
Pittsburgher as few other investments can appeal. But
it is the fact that mining investment is within reach of
the poorest people as well as the rich; that the man or
woman who buys a 10-cent share in a mine has the same
chance, proportionately, as he who invests $5o,ooo, which
makes this short road to prosperity especially attractive.
Pittsburgh machinery develops many of the world's
richest mines, so it was only natural that Pittsburgh
wealth should be invested in them. The product of a
number of these is brought to Pittsburgh and here
smelted into the finished article.
THE DENVER  ROCK ISLAND DEVELOPMENT CO.-In the Coeur D'Alene Mountains, along the
St. Regis River, six miles from the town of Deborgia,
in Missoula County, Montana, the Denver  Rock Island
Development Co. owns and is now successfully operating a large and valuable group of mines and mining
claims. The thirty-two claims owned by the company
cover an area of 640 acres. The property is situated
near the Missoula cut-off of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and is about midway between Missoula, Montana
and Wallace, Idaho. The mines are regarded as about
the best developed so f ar in the St. Regis mining district. The company also possesses all the water rights
of Rock Creek.
The claims were discovered in I890. A few surface
cuts were made on the ore chute, a shaf t sunk, and a
trial shipment of one car-load of ore was taken out; the
result reported was: "Silver, I6 ounces; lead, 56 per
cent." Under the then existing conditions the ore was
said to be "too low grade" to be worked to advantage,
But little was done until the present company acquired
the property.
Within the past three years a great many samples
have been assayed, not only by the Pittsburgh Testing
Laboratory, but by the best assayers of Denver, Butte
and Wallace. Some of these samples have run as high
as $143 per ton, the lowest averaged about $4I a ton.
To develop the property, it was first necessary for
the company to build a wagon road from Deborgia to
the mine. This was done in the summer of I906 at an
expense of $Io,ooo.
In March and April, I906, the company uncovered
a large body of ore. Five tunnels aggregating several
miles of tunnelling have been driven in; a number of
incline shafts have been sunk from the surface to the
first, second and third levels. The crosscuts and upraises demonstrate the correctness of the expectations of
the engineers. The ore already blocked out, ready to be382  1T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
feet of the track of the Mexican Southern Railroad.
From the mill site to the various mine entrances an aerial
tramway can easily be constructed.  As its properties
are only twelve miles from the city of Oaxaca and are
readily reached, the company is not confronted with any
serious or costly transportation difficulties. Nor need it
ever fear molestation in the form of litigation concerning its titles. Every requirement of law pertaining to the
claims has been carefully and fully complied with, and
perfect, indisputable titles in due course have been issued
by the Mexican Government.
Before entering upon the undertaking, the PittsburghOaxaca Mining Company exercised great caution. It
employed competent engineers and practical mining men
to make exhaustive examinations. Though the reports
made on the property were uniformly favorable, the
company made further tests, continuing at considerable
expense its painstaking investigations. When by thorough research the values of the properties were substantially indicated, the claims were acquired.
Locally the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca workings are called
the Soledad and the Zavaleta mines.
Two well-defined veins traverse the Zavaleta property.  The upper or San Juan vein is from four to six
feet wide. In width the lower or Victoria vein is from
12 to I7 feet. On the lowest place on the property was
sunk a shaft 210 f eet deep. This was done to determine
whether or not with depth the vein decreased in width or
value. By this experiment was proven that in the Zavaleta mine the vein not only maintains its size, but increases in richness so f ar as the shaft has gone down.
By driving in five tunnels, by drifting along the vein
4,470 feet, by winzes and upraises having a total length
of goo feet, by putting in 650 feet of cross-cuts to date,
was shown not only the continuity of the vein and its
uniformity of width, but also the unvarying excellence
of the ore. Though the work is only fairly begun, that
which is now blocked out, to the extent that it is exposed
on three sides in the Zavaleta mine, shows over 25,000
tons of ore that will yield in gold from $9.oo to $30.00
per ton. These values are based on mill returns and battery samples taken in milling the last IO,OOO tons, and
from over 500 assay samples obtained from the different
ore faces of the mine.
A very important item in connection with the working of the Zavaleta mine is the abundant and constant
water power which the company owns. This greatly
reduces the cost of mining and milling the ore.
In the equipment of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca miles
up to date over $200,ooo has been honestly and judiciously; expended.
At the Zavaleta mine in a large and substantial mill
building, roofed and sided with corrugated iron, has
been installed a ten-stamp mill (950-lb. stamps ) with
grizzly, a 7 x II Dodge crusher, and two Challenge ore
feeders. Power is supplied by a four-foot Hug water
ried consists chiefly of ore, lumber, fuel and general merchandise. Its present length of line is fifty miles, with
an additional mileage of fifteen now under contract, and
one hundred and twenty more surveyed and located.
The officers and directors are S. E. Gill, president;
John H. Wilson, vice-president; W. G. Muzzy, secretary
and treasurer; Thomas M. Armstrong, Jno. R. McGinley,
Wm. F. Floyd, C. D. Armstrong, John F. Miller and L.
J. Brecht.
THE PITTSBURGH LEAD MINING COMPANY One of the most valuable lead and silver mines
in Idaho is owned by the Pittsburgh Lead Mining Company. Originally the property consisted of about 500
acres of mining claims on Nine Mile Creek, nearly two
miles north of Wallace. The company, capitalized at
$ I,000,000, was organized in 1905.  Through its activity the undeveloped claims on Nine Mile Creek have
been proven to be very rich in lead and silver. Knowing the value of its holdings, the company is proceeding
with its work systematically providing for future development as well as present profit. In the mine about
fifty men are employed. On the property a 250-ton concentrating mill has been erected.  Since its completion
in March, I907, the mill has been operated daily. The
yield of the mine, after being put through the mill, is
shipped by the car-load to the works of the Pennsylvania
Smelting Company at Carnegie, Pennsylvania. The ore
thus shipped averages 57 per cent. lead, and the silver
runs about 80 ounces to the ton.
The offices of the Pittsburgh Lead Mining Company
are at Wallace, Idaho, and in the Berger Building, Pittsburgh. The officers of the company are: Henry F. Collins, President; G. B. Obey, Vice-President, and S.
Severence, Secretary and Treasurer.
THE PITTSBURGH-OAXACA MINING COMPANY-From the mines of southern Mexico the partially civilized Aztecs extracted the traditional wealth of
the Montezumas. Ever since the time of Cortez, Mexico
has been famous for its gold production. But never before in all the varied history of the neighboring republic were the rewards of mining so great or so generally
distributed as they are to-day. Largely through Yankee
enterprise, assisted by American capital, ancient mines in
Mexico are again yielding golden dividends, andlater
discoveries of even greater value are being developed
most suLccessfully. One of the richest gold-producing
districts in Mexico is located in the State of Oaxaca.
Of the coming mines of Oaxaca, the most important are
the properties of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Mining Company.
The holdings of the company comprise five claims
(an area of 235 acres) in the municipality of San Bartola, Zotulu, District of Nochixtlan. The company also
owns a mill site on the San Antonio River, within I,OOOT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    383
wheel and a 9-K.-W. Bullock electric generator. Operated in the mine are two "Gardner electrics" with four
sets of drills. In the mine already laid is I,6oo feet of
track. The mine is equipped with every needful modern
appliance for a working of its size, and the Zavaleta
mill is provided with every facility for economical and
successful operation. Near the Zavaleta mine are built
dwellings for the superintendent and his assistants, ten
houses for workmen, an assay office, a store and a large
ore bin.
The Soledad is a mine of undoubted antiquity. Probably it was worked long ago by the Aztecs. Evidently
mining operations were afterwards continued there by
the Spaniards.  In the ruins of ancient and extensive
reduction works on the property are over I,ooo tons of
tailings that will run from $5.oo to $8.oo in gold to the
ton. There is carved on an old archway in the ruins an
intimation that a Spanish structure was erected in "A. D.
I54I." The natives now know nothing of when or why
the mine was abandoned. About the place still linger
some vague traditions. In the days of the "conquistadores" there was a fabulously rich gold mine in the
vicinity of Oaxaca. That is about all the information
on the subject the old archives contain.  Yet there is
reason to believe that the work now being prosecuted
may show that the Soledad is in f act one of the lost
mines f rom which the Montezumas drew the great supplies of gold that filled their storehouses. The evidences
of former operations are strong and adequate indications
of the mineral riches hidden somewhere in this locality.
The expectation that a famous lost mine may be rediscovered is strengthened by the development work that
has been done at the Soledad mine.
Though not quite so extensively equipped as yet as
the Zavaleta, the Soledad mine has to the extent of its
present requirements a complete supply of accessories
and machinery.
The Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Mi ning Company was organized on November 4, I 904, and the capital stock,
$50,ooo, was taken at par by the incorporators. The
money thus obtained was used principally in investigating and in acquiring the claims. The property then was
undeveloped. On it at that time there were no improvements; in it, until a considerable amount of work was
done, there was the usual uncertainty. Not until after
the worth of the mines was well proven, not until it was
absolutely shown that the expenditures required for
equipment and development eventually by the output of
the mine would be more than justified, did the founders
of the company permit an outsider to invest a dollar in
the enterprise.
After it was proven that the proposition actually
possessed great possibilities, to procure the funds required for development purposes the capitalization was
increased to $I,ooo,ooo. The capital stock, fully paid
and non-assessable, was divided into 1,ooo,ooo shares
having a par value of $I.oo per share. The company is
incorporated under the laws of Delaware.
The offices of the company are located in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, in Wilmington, Delaware, and Oaxaca,
Mexico.
The officers of the company are: W. J. Burke,
President; P. J. Kane, Vice-President; M. J. Gannon,
Secretary and Treasurer; W. H. Baird, General Manager, and George Dubois, Mexican Counsel. On the
directorate of the Pittsburgh-Oaxaca Mining Company
are: W. J. Burke, M. J. Gannon, A. W. Lewis, J. H.
Brown, P. J. Kane, T. N. Barnsdall, J. M. McInerney
and Bruce Davis.
The stock of the company is registered with the
Provident Trust Company of Allegheny, Pennsylvania.
The United States Banking Company of Oaxaca, Mexico, is its Mexican depository. Besides the above the
company gives as bank references the First National
Bank (Harry E. Stewart, Cashier), of Woodsfield, Ohio,
and the First National Bank (W. C. Turner, Cashier),
of Casey, Illinois.
As becomes men of large means and eminent standing, the officers and directors of the company are
staunchly and successfully endeavoring to increase
in all legitimate ways the corporation's growth and
prosperity. The success they have so far achieved
guarantees good results in the future. The mill records
show that the ore already mined and milled averaged
in value about $9.oo a ton. With the machinery now
installed at the Zavaleta, the company can only treat 25
tons of ore a day. But additional machinery now bought
and paid for will enlarge the mill's capacity to 50 tons
daily. Inasmuch as an ore valuation of only $9.oo a ton
gives the company at least, after all the expenses of mining and milling are deducted, a clear profit of $5.oo a
ton, the increased milling facilities easily make possible
the payment of a I2 per cent. dividend.
In comparatively low-grade or that can be mined
and milled at a fair profit is usually obtained the miner's
most satisfactory remuneration.  The blocking out of
large bodies of ore that undoubtedly can be handled advantageously reduces mining to a matter-of-fact business
proposition. The element of risk is practically eliminated. A steady income is assured.
The Mexican mining laws, in some respects, are better adapted to encourage legitimate mining operations
than those of the United States.
TRADE DOLLAR CONSOLIDATED MINING
COMPANY-The mere names of the local business
men at the head of the Trade Dollar Consolidated Mining Company is sufficient guarantee that it is a bona-fide
enterprise and not a mere scheme on paper to delude the
over-credulous investor, such as are not entirely unheardof in the large cities of the country.  It is backed by
abundant capital and by the business ability of its officers and members, a combination which has given the
enterprise the highest standing and great success.
The officers of the company are: Col. J. M. Guffey,
the widely known oil operator and political leader, president; A. W. Mellon, a prominent Pittsburgh banker, vicepresident, and Thomas B. McKaig, a trained business
man, secretary and treasurer.  The other directors or
members are: E. H. Jennings, N. F. Clark, M. K. McMullen, George B. Motheral, of Pittsburgh, and M.
Murphy, of Philadelphia. The company was established
in I89I for the purpose of the mining and treatment of
precious mineral-bearing ores.  It has 250 employees,
and $6,ooo,ooo capital. It has been the policy of the
company to issue neither bonds or preferred stock.
The mines are located in Owyhee County, near Silver
Lake, Idaho, the principal
office being at Covington,
Ky., and the business office
at Pittsburgh, Pa.
This company has paid
nearly $3,000,000 in dividencls.
TREASURY TUNNEL MINES CORPORATION-The  Treasu-ry
Tunnel Mines Corporation
was organized several years
ago by a party of Pittsburgh capitalists and mining experts to develop extensive mining properties in
the vicinity of Red Mountain, Ouray County, Colorado. The company was incorporated utinder the laws
of the State of Delaware
and has an authorized capital stock of $7,000,000, dividecl into 700,000 shares of
a par value of $io each.
This stock is fully paid and non-assessable, and carries no individual liability in any way whatever.
Wilson Miller is president of the company, which has
its general offices in the Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburgh; A. P. Burchfield is vice-president; John Hamilton, treasurer; John G. Bright, secretary, and W. J.
Hammond, Jr., general manager.
The properties of the company are situated about ten
miles from the town of Ouray, and about twelve miles
from Silverton, being connected with both by means of a
wagon road, and with the latter by the Silverton Railroad, which has built a spur to the mills and compressor
buildings.
The properties consist of 54 lode mining claims
which are all in the immediate vicinity of the portal of
the main tunnel, which has been driven under the patented
property for a distance of over a mile.
The mines are well developed, and many surface
improvements, including the construction of power and
engine houses, stamnp mill, a covered tramway six hundrecl feet in length, compressor building, large storage
bins, blacksmith shop and repair shops, etc., have been
completed. The equipment of the mines and tunnel is of
the best.
JAPAN OILS
A PRESERVER AND BEAUTIFIER OF PAINT THAT PITTSBURGH HAS
MADE FAMOUS
Japan oils, used as a preserver and beautifier of paint,
are made in Pittsburgh and used all ovAer the civilized
world. In this, Pittsburgh's
superiority in special lines
is again shown. The average person not connected
with the trade has little appreciation of the extent to
which Japan oils made in
Pittsburgh are superseding
linseed  oil,  the  old-time
standard  among  painters.
Tank  cars loaded to  the
brim  with Japan oils are
s e n t o u t of Pittsburgh
every day consigned to all
points of the compass, and
the product has long been
a standard in painting railroad cars, s t a t i o n s andcl
other big and small work.
JAMES  B. SIPE  
CO.- The success of the
firm  of James B. Sipe 
Co. is directly attributed to
the merits of the now widely famous Sipe's Japan Oil.
The Sipe's product is not a substitute for linseed oil,
nor is it an imitation of anything on the market.  Its
definite qualities are clue to a composition peculiar to itself.  Sipe's Japan Oil combines all the good qualities
of linseed oil with other products that add to the life of
paint.  For binding and holding paints either to wood
or metallic surfaces it is superior to pure linseed oil.
Because of its demonstrated utility and value, Sipe's
Japan Oil has everywhere the unqualified approval of
practical painters. The results obtained through its use
have advertised its merits. The high reputite which it
has in the paint trade throughout the United States is
due undoubtedly to its manifest excellence.  Its evident
advantages have made its use obligatory in the best work.
By over I50 railroad and car companies in the country.
JAMES B. SIPET H E   S T O R Y   OF P I T T S B U R G H   35
known and successful business standing as to need no
introdiction to the public. The president is J. C. Swearingen, Thos. Wightman is vice-president, and J. D.
Swearingen is secretary and treasurer.
HYDROGEN BURNERS AND STOVES
THE ONLY MANUFACTURER IN THE WORLD OF THESE
GOODS PART OF PITTSBURGH
Among Pittsburgh's diversified industries are a number that are the only manufacturers in their line in the
world, or among the very few. Such an industry is the
making of hydrogen burners and stoves, which is another
method of gas fuel. This manufacturer has a far greater
task than he who makes some well-known article of general use, for he must first conv ert the buying public and
then sell his goods. That the converting process is succeeding is easily attested by the volume of sales, and the
demand for the hydrogen burner and stove is growing
each year.
NATIONAL HYDROGEN-BURNER  STOVE
CO.-It has been an established fact for many years
among chemists and others in the heating line that water
gas could be burned with great heating results; but it
was left to Mr. Edward G. Mummery, of Detroit, Michigan, to demonstrate how it could be utilized and controlled successfully. The new patented burner was taken
up by seve ral Pittsburgh men and demonstrated by them
in several cities with success.
The National Hydrogen-Burner makes its own fuel
by using two-thirds of water to one-third of oil. natural
gas or crude alcohol; and can be used with great economy
in any stove or furnace that has a fire-box. There is
positively no danger of an explosion, as the gases produced by it have an outlet at all times.
The burner is composed of iron pipes, and sizes are
made according to the size of the fire-box in the residence or power plant; the entire burner is regulated by
one valve.
When the oil or gas is lighted it heats the burner, and
the water is made into steam in the generator; this causes
the water to f eed into the generator, and when the gas
or oil is turned off, the water ceases to flow. The water
at all times stands in the generator, and when heated it
is turned on to steam and rises to the superheating pipes.
These superheating pipes turn the steam into dry hydrogen and oxygen, which mixes with the gas or oil and
comes out of the burner as a perfect gas.
The burner has been thoroughly tested, and proved to
make a more intense -heat with a smaller cost (if used
properly ) than can be produced by any other f uel.
Where gas is used at present, the cost of it can be
greatly reduced by using the water burner in connection with it. It goes without saying that there is no
smoke connected with this burner, giving manufacturers
applied to freight, baggage and express cars, trucks,
roofs, bridges and depots, all of which are subject to
conditions of weather and wear destructive to paint, it
has been found to be highly efficient. For house-painting,
too, susceptible of being mixed with any pigment, it is
equally serviceable.
It works easily, dries rapidly; one hour after application the hardest rain will not wash it off; it prevents
chalking, cracking and scaling of paint; for repainting it
is one of the best things known, as it sinks into the old
coating and adds new life to it; also it serves to unite
additional coats of paint when applied one upon another.
The general offices of James B. Sipe  Co. are at
400 Federal Street, Allegheny. A branch office is maintained at 63 Van Buren Street, Chicago.
INK
SUFFICIENT PITTSBURGH INK USED ANNUALLY TO FLOAT AN
ARMORED CRUISER
To try and conceive the extent to which ink must
enter into the tremendous business activities of the Pittsburgh district would appall a person. The amount used
annually would probably float a battleship on an indigo
sea. Millions of letters must be written daily. The
amount of mucilage used is no small item. It is not to
be wondered, then, that a Pittsburgh company makes
these products right at home and has built a great business. Besides, Pittsburgh ink and mucilage is sold all
over the country.
THE J. C. SWEARINGEN INK COMPANYThe J. C. Swearingen Ink Company manufactures all
kinds of writing fluids, library paste, label gums, liquid
and padding glues, mucilage, bluings, etc., every one of
which products is invented by the president of the company, Mr. J. C. Swearingen.
It makes a specialty of its Blue Black Writing Fluid
for records. After experimenting for twenty-three years,
this ink was brought to its present state of perfection in
I888 and formed the working basis for the organization
of the present company. This company began life in a
small dark cellar in 1888; and from this obscure beginning has been built up a business warranting the erection
of a fine stone and brick factory covering a floor space
of 1,ooo feet, equipped with all the modern appliances
and conveniences. It has an authorized capital of $I,ooo,ooo, $69,6oo of which is issued, one-half common,
and one-half preferred. There are no mortgages nor
loans, and it discounts all bills.
The excellence of its products is proved by their
widespread use by railroads, banks, schools, corporations
and business houses in general, and their indorsement by
representative authorities and experts in its line of business.
The officers and directors are all men of such well386  T H E   S T O. R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
an opportunity to avoid the smoke nuisance that has been
so much the bane of Pittsburgh.
The National Hydrogen-Burner  Stove Co. was
incorporated January 22, I907, for the manufacturing
of oil and water burners, and gas and water burners.
The main place of business is at 715 Forbes Street,
Pittsburgh, with the branch office in care of J. K. Lewis,
Youngstown, Ohio. Its trade to date has been entirely
domestic, the burner being in demand wherever demonstrated. The members of the company are: Edward
H. Theis, of Pittsburgh, president; Elbert E. Smith, of
Toledo, Ohio, vice-president; E. W. Buechling, of Pittsburgh, secretary, and James J. Towey, of Kane, Pa.,
treasurer. The directors are: Edward H. Theis, E. E.
Smith, E. W. Buechling, J. J. Towey, T. M. Paisley and
T. H. Hanson.
The company can be quoted as saying:  "We are
firmly of the opinion that our business has a very bright
future in the city of Pittsburgh and vicinity. We find
the haeating problem is one all people are ready to discuss.
It enters in the every-day life of all."
WHITE METAL
A METAL THAT IS A MANUFACTURING NECESSITY AND DAILY
MORE IN DEMAND
White metal is growing in favor as a commercial
necessity more rapidly than any other metal on the market, and the two big Pittsburgh concerns engaged in
smelting and refining this product are kept continually
hard pressed to fill orders. The demand for white metal
as a substitute for silver in the making of trinkets or
other things in which silver is generally used is but one
direction in which the business shows great growth. As
a manufacturing necessity in commercial life it occupies
a most important position.
THE PITTSBURGH WHITE METAL COMPANY-The Pittsburgh White Metal Company is a
prosperous concern capitalized at $200,ooo and doing a
business of over $6oo,ooo per annum. It manufactures
anti-friction metals and metals for the printing and newspaper trade, such as linotype, stereotype, electrotype
metals, and solders of all kinds. The products of this
company are the best in the market and are used by all
manufacturers who have use for their line.
The firm began business in a very small way in
Allegheny, Mr. M. C. Rinehart being the originator of
the company. During the first year, I885, he made the
metals one day and sold them the next, in this grind
laying the foundations for the firm's present reputation
and prosperity. The next year Mr. T. B. A. David became associated with him, putting into the firm some
working capital. He was with the firm from I886 to
I898, when he withdrew. Mr. E. E. Rinehart, who at
that time was with the Jones  Laughlin Steel Co., was
then given a half interest, and he is now manager of the
New York branch.
The firm now consists of Marion C. Rinehart and
Edward E. Rinehart, Jr.  It employs sixteen men. The
main office is at 3118-20 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, with
branch offices in New York, Cincinnati, Boston and
Philadelphia.
M. C. Rinehart was born in Philadelphia and served
his apprenticeship as brass founder with Morriss Tasker
 Co. from I860 to I873, except three years of that
time serving in the Civil War. He is the practical head
of the firm.
MOVING PICTURES AND FILMS
A NOVEL AND GROWING INDUSTRY THAT COM BINES PLEASURE
WITH PROFIT
The moving picture evidently has come to Pittsburgh
to stay, and in its wake has come another industry to
swell the great number now operating here-that of making the apparatus. The fact that this is a new calling has
not prevented it from growing into one of the more
important in the Steel City. Theaters and moving-picture shows create a big demand in themselves, but another and growing demand is among private families,
churches and others who give occasional entertainments
and consider moving pictures a necessary feature.
PITTSBURGH CALCIUM LIGHT  FILM CO.
The growth of the moving picture forms of popular
entertainmee
To Pittsburgh belong-s the creclit of originating this business. One of the largest firti-s clealing in the pictures,
ancl the equipt-rent whaich goes with thenm, is the Pittsbuirgh Calciumi- Light 8 Filiim Co., organizecl in I905 ancl
locatecl at I2I Fourth Avenue.
The iclea of foriiiing a colinpany for condlticting this
business was conceivecl by R. A. Rowlancl ancl J. B.
Clark. They were engagecl in the iiianufacture of calciulin light, which is the only thing besides electr icity
suitable for mnoving pictures. They startecl in business
with one roomi- ancl an office boy. The colm-pany now
eiiiploys 75 persons. They pay out $4,00o every week
to one French firiii alone for fill-is. The business of the
cot-n-pany is increasing at a wonclerful rate, ancl there
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeweeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeewwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwiiis to be no likelihoocl of a reaction setting in. Wherever a niew cozn1i1iiiilty springs up, the mnovilig-pictur-e
show is sure to follow, and the popularity of these fivecent places of amusement does not lag on account of the
frequent changes of the views that are made. The places
giving these shows in the country support ten firms which
make films, half of them being in France whence come
the best filtms. The picture mnakers have their own
theaters and actors who throw the performnances clepictecl 011 the flying celltuloicl rolls. The filmns are n-ot
solcl, but rentedl.HORSES AND MULES
NOTWITHSTANDING THE AUTOMOBILE THE HORSE IS STILL IN
ACTIVE SERVICE
If the automobile is rapidly superseding the horse,
that fact is not particularly noticeable about the horse
and mule sales stables in Pittsburgh. The beloved fourlegged animal seemns as much in demand as ever. Pittsburgh horse dealers scour the stud farmns of the country
to supply contractors and others with the best in horseflesh.  Pittsburgh's hills make necessary the use of the
strongest and best horses for heavy hauling, and the city's
teaming horses are excelled nowhere. The importing of
mules for use in mines is an important feature.
THE ASHER HORSE  MULE CO. The Asher
Horse  Mule Co. is the successor of A. Asher, who for
about thirty years was proprietor of probably the largest
and best known horse market in Pittsburgh.  The new
company succeeded Mr. Asher in I905 and continues the
business as conmmission dealers in horses and mules at
Darragh Street and River Avenue, Allegheny City, Pa.,
where auction sales are held every Monday and Tuesday.
About fifty men are employed, and the capital stock of
the concern is $40,000. John S. Cappland is president,
and Louis Asher is secretary and treasurer.
This firm started in business in I9o5 at First Avenue and Ross Street, Pittsburgh, later moving to the
present location in Allegheny, where the business has
shown a remarkable increase. "A square deal to everyone" has been the motto of the Asher Horse  Mule Co.
This firmn handles horses of all classes and mules,
doing an annual business of ten million dollars, and
handling on an average 500 head a week, besides doing
the largest mule business  in  western  Pennsylvania.
Every horse and mule is guaranteed to be exactly as
represented, or money will be cheerfully refunded.
This firm was incorporated in I905 by John S.
Cappland, Louis Asher, Myer Fox and W. J. Shubrow,
the latter two later retiring. John S. Capplancd, the president, came here fromn Wheeling, W. Va., in I905, to
assume the presidency, leaving a large business there that
he had established by years of hard work and honest
work. Most of this business he has brought to Pittsburgh.
Louis Asher, the secretary and treasurer of the company, has been associated with the horse business of
Pittsburgh for a number of years, having been connectecd with his father, A. Asher, for over twenty years,
and is conceded to be one of the best judges of horses
and mules in the country.
In speaking of business prospects, a mnember of the
company said:  "We regard Pittsburgh as one of the
foremost horse markets in the country.  Its many hills
and generally rough territory make the automobile an
impossibility in so far as hauling anything of any weight
is concerned. We believe the business will contiinue to
thrive and grow as long as our dealings with the public
are on the square, which with us means forever."
Ci.........'...,.................... - - - - - - - -.............. 7................................. ffff7;T  
PITTSBURGH TERMINAL WAREHOUSE AND TRANSFER COMPANY'S GROUP OF BUILDINGS
WHICH  HfOUSES 300 TENANTS AND SHIPPERS, COVERS 5 ACRES, AND IS ENTERED THROUGH ITS UNION FREIGHT STATION BY ALL RAILROADS FOR Al.L CLASSES OF SI-IIPMENTScompany, and A. J. Kelly, Jr., president of the Commonwealth Real Estate Company.
The trust company conducts a general and savings
bank business, paying liberal rates of interest on time
deposits, and also on active accounts. The company has
inaugurated a system of banking by mail, which enables
out-of-town depositors to transact their banking with as
much ease and convenience as though executed at the
office, and this system has met with great success.
In the trust departmnent all
matters of fiduciary nature are
handled, such as administrator,
guardian, trustee, executor, receiver and trustee in bankruptcy.
When the last statement was published, the trust funds aggregated
$I,33 I,ooo.  Trusteeships were
under  corporation  mortgages;
deeds of trust for securities held
amounted to $I5,570,000.
For the safe-keeping of valuables, important papers and securities, one of the finest safe deposit vaults in the world is provided. This vault is made of
armor plate composed of Harveyized nickel steel, and  contains
more than a thousand safe deposit boxes. It is absolutely secure against mob, fire and burglars.
The substantial character of
this company may be seen in its
official personnel-all men well
known for their high standcling in
financial and business circles.
They are: President, John W.
Herron; Vice-Presidents, Samuel
Baile, Jr., and William M. Kennedy; Secretary and Treasurer,
George D. Edwards; Assistant
Secretary, William G. Gundelfinger; Trust Officer, George H.
Stengel.
FIDELITY TITLE 
TRUST CO.-The Fidelity Title
 Trust Co., although it has been in business but
a little over twenty-one years, is to-day one of the
strongest, and at the same time one of the most conservative institutions of the kind between Philadelphia
and Chicago. The company was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Pennsylvania on November 27,
I887, with an authorized capital stock of $500,000. This
capital stock was later increased to $I,ooo,ooo, which was
also found to be too small for the rapidly growing business and was subsequently increased to $2,000,000, which
is the authorized capital stock of the institution to-day.
The surplus is about $3,000,000, and the undivided
profits over $2, I37,000.
The company has a fine place of business at 341-343
Fourth Avenue, where every convenience and comfort is
provided for its customers. A general banking business
is conducted, two per cent. being allowed on deposits
subject to check, and four per cent. on all savings deposits.
The company also makes a
speciality of issuing letters of
credit,  drafts  and  travelers'
checks, all of which can readily
be converted into cash, not only
in any part of the United States,
but in any part of the entire
world.   Foreign  exchange  is
computed and sold for the benefit of parties going abroad, thus
saving considerable time, inconvenience and expense upon arrival in foreign countries.
The company acts as executor, admninistrator, guardian,
assignee, receiver, and, in fact,
in all trust capacities, and the
trust department makes a specialty of adjusting business and
bankrupt estates, as well as serving in the same capacity in the
estates of the deceased. During
life it receives -and holds in trust
wills, and attends to the estate
after death.
A large armor plate safe deposit vault is contained  in the
building for the convenience of
depositors and others wishing to
place their valuables in a secure
place, and boxes of all sizes are
to be obtained.
John B. Jackson is president
of the company; James J. Donnell, Robert Pitcairn and C. S.
Gray, vice-presidents; John McGill, secretary; C. E. Willock,
treasurer; J. A. Knox, assistant secretary and treasurer;
C. S. Gray, trust officer; A. F. Benkart and Malcolm McGiffin, assistant trust officers, and Thomas R. Robinson,
auditor. The directorate is composed of John B. Jackson,} James:H. Reed, Albert H. Childs, Wilson A. Shaw,
James J. Donnell, H. S. A. Stewart, David B. Oliver, Edward T. Dravo, Reuben Miller, D. Leet Wilson, Robert
Pitcairn, John R. McGinley, Frank Semple, C. S. Gray
and J. Stuart Brown. William H. McClung is solicitor.
COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANYIl                       I
and the local leader of the Federal party, Scull and Hall
decided to publish a weekly newspaper. Breckinridge
agreed to edit the publication. The first issue of THE
PITTSBURGH GAZETTE appeared on July 26, 1786.
The original subscription price of the paper was "17"
shillings and 6 pence per year." Advertising was paid
for at the rate of "4 shillings a square."  In lieu of cash
the publishers accepted furs and skins and various sorts
of country produce.
In those days there was no post-office in Pittsburgh;
in fact, not until 20 years after THE GAZETTE was established was there arranged a weekly mail service between
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia.  When finally Pittsburgh
was looked upon as of sufficient importance to possess a
post-office, John Scull, the publisher of THE GAZETTE,
was appointed postmaster. His official duties occupied
but a small portion of his time. This was fortunate for
Scull, for, with the exception of writing the editorials,
he was called to perform nearly all the work of getting
out THE GAZETTE. After the paper was printed, Scull
was accustomed to trot around town and leave a copy
at the house of each subscriber.  Sometimes, when the
pack trains from Philadelphia failed to arrive and no
white paper could be obtainefd, Scull printed THE GAZETTE
on cartridge paper borrowed from the accommodating
commandant of Fort Pitt. In June, I789, Jackson and
Sharpless built a paper mill on Redstone Creek in Fayette
County. Being thus enabled to obtain paper more cheaply
and from a less distant source of supply, Scull increased
the size of THE GAZETTE and reduced the subscription
price to two dollars a year.
On November IO, 1786, THE GAZETTE, in three lines,
announced the death of Joseph Hall, aged 222 years.
Hall's interest in the paper was acquired by John Boyd,
IN America the power of the press is almost
immeasurable. The influence for good that may
be exerted by a newspaper is unrestricted  In
this country, newspapers are more than chroniclers of events of the day.  In a way they are the
watchful guardians of the public welfare. With every
change for the better, with every  movement made for
the advancement of the community, state or nation,
newspapers are intimately associated. In the making of
United States history, from colonial times to the present,
newspapers have assisted materially.  Even as a man
may  be commended rightfully  for long  and faithful
service, so to a newspaper, in proportion to the good it
has done, is due respect and consideration.  A  paper
that served the people before Washington was inaugurated, a paper that endured all the changes which have
occurred since, a paper that, braving the vicissitudes of
122 years, is recognized as the strongest journal in the
world's greatest industrial district, is, of right, entitled
to distinction among its contemporaries.  Such honors,
unshared with any rival, undoubtedly belong to THE
PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES., the first newspaper established west of the Alleghenies, the leading newspaper in
this part of the country to-day.
In 1786 a cluster of log huts protected by a blockhouse, called Fort Pitt, constituted Pittsburgh.  In that
year to the remote post on the far western frontier
came John Scull and Joseph Hall. On the backs of pack
horses, over the rough trail, from Philadelphia, they
brought a little printing press, some type and a small
supply of paper. In a log cabin on the Monongahela
River bank, at the end of Chancery Lane, they established a primitive printing office. Soon afterward,
through the urging of Hugh H. Breckinridge, a lawyer388
THE PITTDBURGH  GAZETTTE  TIMES
The First Newspaper Published West of the AllegheniesIt Stands To-Day the Strongest Journal in the World's
Greatest Industrial District-More Than 100 Years' Growthbut Scull continued to be the prime mover of thle enterprise. To eke out matters, Scull contributed a part of his
meagre receipts as postmaster and thus kept the paper
alive.  In I88o, Lawyer Brackenridge left the Federal
Party and threw  all his influence in favor of the antiFederalists.  Scull refused to swerve his political allegiance, and a change of editors occurred. After the exit
of Brackenridge, editorials for THE GAZETTE were written, for a while, mainly by Morgan Neville. Brackenridge
and others of his way of thinkingg mneantime set up an opposition paper called the "Tree of Life."  Political differences created bitter animosities. Editorial attacks culminated in libel suits, assaults
and challenges to fight duels.
Ere the conflict of I812
was precipitated THE GAZETTE was averse to war.
Like other Federalist organs, it urged a pacific settlement of difficulties with
England.  But when war
with Britain was assured,
no paper supported the Federal Governmnent more patriotically t h a n THE GAZETTE. Its extra editions,
containing news brought in
two days fromn Washington,
were then looked utpon as
"prodigious feats of journalismn."
After "guiding THE GAZETTE" for thirty years, on
August I, i8i6, Johln Scull
transferrecd his interest in
the paper to his son, John I.
Scull, with whom was associated Morgan Neville, who
for years had been the editor of the journal.  Published in Pittsburgh at this
time were two other papers,
thle "Commonwealth" a n cl
the  "Mercury,"  but THE
GAZETTE, the favorite of the Federalists, was so well
sustained and prosperous that it successfully changed
into a semi-weekly.
In March, I1820, Eichblaum and Johnson bought THE
GAZETTE, and under their ownership the paper was entitled THE GAZETTE AND MANUFACTURER AND MERCANTILE ADVERTISER. This top-heavy appellation continued for two years, until the paper passed into the control of David M. MacLean; then again it was issued as
THE GAZETTE. In Septemiber, I 829, MacLean sold THE
GAZETTE to Neville B. Craig, who conducted it as a semiweekly until I833, when it appeared as a d(laily. At that
time the only daily paper published west of the Allegheny Mountains, THE GAZETTE exerted politically a
powerful and far-reaching influence.  Under Craig's
management it was macde the organ of the anti-Masonic
Party. It was noted for its opposition to all secret or
oath-bound societies. Especially in 1842 it fought against
the nomination of Henry Clay for the Presidency because
of his Masonic affiliations.
What was regarded as an extraordinary achievement in
newspaper work appeared in THE GAZETTE on March Io,
1829. President Jackson's m-essage, carried by relays of
special couriers, left Washington at 12:35 P. M. on
March 8th, and actually arrived in Pittsburgh at I2:45
P. M. on the 9th. T h e
printing of this 1message in
full, in THE GAZETTE, on
the following m o r n i n g,
evoked the wildest entlhusiasmn. I n A p r i 1, I839,
David Grant, proprietor of
the "Pittsburgh T i m e s,"
discontinued the publication
of that paper and transferred its subscription list
to THE GAZETTE. Grant
previously had entered into
partnership with Craig. In
July, I1840, Alexander Ingram, Jr., acquired ownershlip fromn Craig and Grant.
Craig, with B. F. Nevins as
his assistant, edited the paper up to July 29, I84I.
D. N. White, Craig's successor in the editorial chair,
made no immediate change
in the policy of the paper.
In I842 THE GAZETTE refused to support Clay because he was a "Masonic
adherent, a slaveholder and
a cduelist."  But in I1844
friends of Clay  aided
Editor White to extinlguish claims which David Grant
held against THE GAZETTE and the paper very strongly
supported the Whig candidate. "Deacon" Whlite managed TI-IE GAZETTE withl great success until Septemnber,
I856, whlen he disposed of the paper to Russell Errett
and D. L. Eaton.
During the "Deacon" White regime Jane Gray Swisshlelm camne to the front as a champion of the anti-slavery
cause, rivaling Harriet Beecher Stowe in editorial work.
While not advocating suffrage for women, she pleaded
for greater equality of political and social rights, for
higher education and what would tend to greater freedoln
GEORGE T. OLIVER
President of the Pittsburgh Gazette Timesand independence. She was a forceful rather than an
elegant writer, a keen critic, and a merciless foe of all that
she regarded as wrong or corrupt. At times she was too
radical for even the radical "Deacon" and his co-worker,
Russell Errett, who succeeded to the editorship.
Up to this time comparatively little attention had
been given to local news, the entire energies of the editor
being devoted to the production of editorials bearing on
questions of State or on foreign matters.  Often there
would appear several columns of foreign news from four
to six weeks old, with less than a column of local news,
although there was muchl going on in the thriving young
city located at the head of navigation, and headquarters
for news concerning manufactures, shipping and live
stock. The advertising columns, however, gave a comnprehensive idea of what was
being done in a business way,
for mnerchants and traders
appear to have had great
faith in advertising.
Under the editorial management of E r r e t t a n d
Houston THE GAZETTE began m1aking local news a featutre, especially as to the
court-house and city hall.
As this made the paper quite
p o p u 1 a r, and greatly increased its circulation, opposition publications took the
hint and it was not long tintil there was such a rivalry
between local editors that
they were compelled to emnploy news reporters to assist them. A city editor and
one reporter constituted the
news staff, but during the
exciting tilnes just prior to
the war THE GAZETTE increased its local staff so that
the field was covered in the most able manner.
The country was thentin the throes of the FremonltBuchanan campaignl. The Republican Party, recently organized, was pitting its strength against Democracy long
intrenched in power.  Russell Errett was one of the
organizers of the new party.  When Errett and Eaton
obtained THE GAZETTE a mnighty impetus was given to
the  Republican  movement in western  Pennsylvania.
Throughout the campaign THE  GAZETTE  gained in
strength and influence.  The Republicans failed to defeat Buchanan, but the way was paved, later, for the
election of Abraham Lincoln.
In I859, S. Riddle and J. M. Macruin were admitted
to partnership.  In the succeeding campaign THE GAZETTE was instrumental in aiding greatly the Republican
triumph in Pennsylvania. Lincoln's majority in Pittsburgh and vicinity was so large that the overwhelmingly
Republican county was alluded to as the "State of Allegheny."
When Fort Sumter was fired on THE GAZETTE
voiced most emnphatically the sentimnents of the loyal
North. Volunteerl-s to mnaintain the Union being called
for, nearly every employee of the paper capable of bearing arms responded. During the war, not only in getting news, not only in givinlg aid and encouragemnent to
the men who were fighting at the front, butt also in procuring supplies and comforts for the sick and wounlded
soldiers, did THE GAZETTE display the greatest zeal and
energy. Veterans of the Civil War yet speak of the
things that were done in their behalf by TIhE GAZETTE
in the "early sixties."
With the opening of the
war THE GAZETTE issued an
evening edition to better accommoclate those anxious to
get the latest news from the
front.  From this time forward the mnanagemenlt made
a specialty of war and political news, which led to a
wide circutlation.  With the
close of the war the evening edition was abandoned
and the mnorning e d i t i o n
g r e a t 1 y enlarged and improved.
In I866 TIIE GAZETTE
was sold to F. B. Penniman,
Josiah  K i ng, Nelson  P.
Reed and Thomas Houston.
Penniman and Houstonl became the editors.  This arrangemnent w--a s maintained
until I87I, when Houston retired and Henry M. Long,
George \V. Reed and David
L. Flemmiing joined the firm. In I877 the COMMERCIAL
was consolidated wTith THE GAZETTE.  The formner paper
hlad been established in Pittsburgh by C. D. Brigham inl
I864. It was staunchly Republican in politics, and on
matters pertaining to commerce and manufacturinlg wTas
looked upon as an authoritative publication.  From  a
literary poinlt of viewv the value of the COMMERCIAL wTas
enhanced by the work of Richard Realf. That the
COMMERCIAL was merged with it added considerably to
the prestige of THE GAZETTE. In I883 announcement
was made that title to the property had passed to N. P.O
Reed  Co. This ownership continued until I89I, when
N. P. Reed died. For nine years thereafter "the estate
of Nelson P. Reed" managed the paper. June I, I9oo00,
it was putrchased by George T. Oliver.  Later on the
OFFICE OF THE "GAZETTE," PITTSBURGH, P\., IN I790.
ALSO TIIE PITTSBURGH POST-OFFICEhyphenated nomenclatutre was dropped, and, stronger
than ever, THE GAZETTE stood for all that was best in
Pennsylvania journalism.
On May I, I906, "The Pittsburgh Times," a strong
and prosperous rival, was absorbed by THE GAZETTE.
To the vigor and circutlation thuts gained, the present
management of THE GAZETTE, now styled THE GAZETTE
TIMES, has added accelerated force each year.
Of the Pittsburgh GAZETTE TIMES George T. Oliver
is President; George S. Oliver, Vice-President and. Manager; David B. Smithl, Treasurer, and Augustus K.
Oliver, Secretary.
In its own butilding, at the corner of Wood Street and
Oliver Avenue, THE GAZETTE TIMES occupies one of the
most advantageous
positions in Pittsburgh. Expense
scarcely has b e e n
considered in providing for the paper
e v e r y t h i n g that
w o u 1 d contribute
satisfactorily tow a r d   improving
and extending its
facilities. In capacity for service and
up-to-date completeness the mechanical
equipment of THE
GAZETTE TIMES iS
hardly equalled anywhere in the country. Doubtless if he
could see it, John
S c ul 11 would be
amazed at sight of
the wonderful printing plant now uitilized by the journal
he founded. In the
composing  room, insteadl of a hatful of type  such
as hle brought to Pittsbutrgh, he would find busily employed 28 improved linotype machines.  On the floor
above, in the stereotyping department, he would cliscover appliances that for efficiency and speed represent
the latest and greatest achievemients in stereotyping.  In
the spacious press rooml d(lown in the basement, with what
wonder would he behold the great Goss "straighlt linle"
presses WThirling off fronli imnmnlse rolls rapidly flowinll
rivers of folded papers! Tlhoughl in the beginning lhe
was able to carry the entire edition all over towvn on his
armi, he would realize that his entire receipts for a year,
pelts and produce computed at thleir highest cash value,
would be insufficient to pay for delivering one issuLe now.
He who was content to print newvs a month or two
old could scarcely appreciate the miomentous importance
of the direct wires, the special news service and the Associated Press.
Even as Pittsburgh has grown from a village of log
houses to one of the world's most important cities, so
THE GAZETTE, from  Scull's scantily circulated weekly,
has been evolved into the 1most widely read and reliable
daily in western Pennsylvania. Only true merit survives. That THE GAZETTE has outlived political issues,
that it has withstood the changes of so many eventful
years, that it has received the cordial support and approval of succeeding generationls, is significant evidence
of its worth and utsefulness. All the while it has grown
larger  and  better
because it has honestly served its purpose, always.
Quality  counts
equally with circtulation. Because it is
so widely cdissemlinated, because it is
so closely studield,
TH E GAZETTE
TIMES covers  a
large field more advantageously t h a n
any other p a p e r
can.  It appeals
strongly and directly to the intelligent
mnan; it is a paper
approved b y t h e
women; its opinions
are  often  quoted;
its editorials carry
weight; its various
d ep a r t m e nt s
are carefully conducted;  invariably
clean, bright and interesting, THE GAZETTE TIMES, both
to the reader and advertiser,' attests its mnerit.  Because
it is received daily into tens of thousands of homes, because it is read and appreciated by the entire household,
THIE GAZETTE TIMES, as an advertising 1nedium, gives
constantly the best results.
The Pittsburgh district to-day is the busiest workshop of the world. It is the natural center not only of
the ironi and steel trade, but of othler great and ever growing industries.  WVealth sutrpassing anly previous proltuction ever seen has been created within the past few years
in the territory through whichl TIlE GAZETTE TIMES
chliefly circulates. A newspaper is known by its environment. THE GAZETTE TIMES is typical of Pittsburgh.
PITTSBURGH; GAZETTE TIMES
AND
PITTSBURGH CHRONICLE TELEGRAPHG. M. ALEXANDER  SON
ALLEGHENY CORNICE  SKYLIGHT CO.
THE ALLEGHENY PLATE GLASS COMPANY
ORVILLE HENRY ALLERTON, JR.
ALLING  CORY
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY
THE AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY
AMERICAN LOCOMOTIVE COMPANY
AMERICAN OIL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
THE AMERICAN SHEET  TIN PLATE CO.
THE AMERICAN STEEL  WIRE CO..
AMERI CAN WATER WORKS  GUARANTEE CO.
AMMON  LITTLE
THE ANCHOR SAVINGS BANK
THE ARBUTH NOT- STEPHENSON CO MPANY
JOSEPH GRAY ARMSTRONG.
JOHN D. ARMSTRONG  CO.
THE ARMSTRONG CORK COMPANY
THE ARONSON ENTERPRISES
THE ASHER HORSE  MULE CO.
AVEY  IRISH
E. V. BABCOCK  CO.
BAILEY-FARRELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
THE BANK OF PITTSBURGH., N. A.
HON. ANDREW JACKSON BARCHFELD
BARNES SAFE  LOCK CO.
JAMES ELDER BARNETT
GEORGE T. BARNSLEY
THE J. C. BARR COMPANY
JAMES H. BEAL
THE BERGER BUILDING
BERKSHIRE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
THE BESSEMER  LAKE ERIE RAILROAD
PAGE.287.356.IO6
*329.292.276.204,.243.I89
*144
*370
58
43.326
*47.360
64.387
65.290.296.24. I7
*36I
*75
*94
*95
76
69
56
*3I6
95.222.IO8.200
76. I8.265. O8
I IO9. 65
77
77
PAGE
I IO0
294
22
P3I3
35477
78
I IO
25
BENJ. F. BRUNDRED
THE BUCKEYE SAND COMPANY
THE A. R. BUDD COAL COMPANY
THE BUFFALO', RoCHESTER  PITTSBURGH RAILWAY CO.
THE J. C. BUFFUM COMPANY
JAMES FRANCIS BURKE
CLARENCE BURLEIGH
LOUTELLUS ATRIGUE BURNETT
THE BUTLER COUNTY NATIONAL BANK
THE CAFE FULTON
CAMBRIA BREWING COMPANY
THE "C. P. CAMPBELI, INSURANCE
IRVIN KING CAMPBELL...
CARBON STEEL COMPANY
HON. THOMAS D. CARNAHAN
ANDREW CARNEGIE     I
TL CO MPANY
*                  377..  350
AGEN CY".  59.....   II I
I47
78. II I... 223
THE CARNEGIE NATURAL GAS COM PANY
T HE CARN EGIE STEEL CO MPANY.-.
THE CARROLL-PORTER BOILER  TANK CO.
T HE CARTER ELECTRIC COM PANY..
THE CENTRAL DISTRICT  PRINTING'I
GRAP H CO.
JAMES GRAHAM CHALFANT
CHAMBERS WINDOW GLASS COMPANY
C HILDS  CHILDS
JAMES A. CLARK
W. L. CLARK COMPANY
THE CLIFFORD-CAPELL FAN COMPANY
TIIE M. O. COGGINS COMPANY
HON. JOSIAH COHEN
HON. WILLIAM HENRY COLEMAN
COLLINGWOOD  SON
THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY
THE COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK
CC)MMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANY
HON. A. L. CONFER
CONNOLLY-FANNING COMPANY
CONROY,9 PRUGH  CO.
COOKE-WILSON ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPA1}
WSILLIAm E. COREY
WVILLIAm EVANS CROW
CRUTCH FIELD  WOOLFOLK
R. W. CUMMINS. 244
* I 49. 205. 282. 322
I II5. 356
48
I Ii6
*59. 2I7
FELE* 332
*79
I I6
*59
*35.23.36. 247
* 333
* *357
Ty. 302. I83
* * 79
* 334
*79
BILLQUIST  LEE..
THE BLAINE COAL COMPANY
FRAN CIS LOUIS BLAIR
REED F. BLAIR  CO.
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BLAKELEY
FRANKLIN P. BOOTH
BOOTH  FLINN., LTD.
COL. HENRY P. BOPE
JOH N BRADLEY
BRADNOCK  BARGER
WILLIAM JAMES BRENNEN
JOH N D. BROWNii
JO H NDALZELL
DAMASCUS BRONZE COMPANY
LIVINGSTON LLEWLLYN DAVIS
W. H. DAVIS
THE DAWES MANUFACTURING COMPANY
THE DENVER  ROCK ISLAND DEVELOPMENT CO.
JOHN N. DERSAM
THE DEVONIAN OIL COMPANY
PAUL DIDIER
THE E. M. DIEBOLD LUMBER COMPANY
WILLIAM DODDS
THE DOUBLEDAY-HILL ELECTRIC COMPANY
DOUGLASS  MCKNIGHT
THE DRAVO CONTRACTING COMPANY
R. G. DUN  CO.
DUQUESNE SANITARY COMPANY
DUQUESNE STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY
JOHN EATON
THE ECLIPSE LUBRICATING OIL WORKS
EDWARDS, GEORGE  CO.
JOHN EICHLEAY, JR., COMPANY
ELECTRIC RENOVATOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY
EMPIRE OIL WORKS (A. L. CONFER)
HARRY DAVID WILLIAMS ENGLISH
THE EPPING-CARPENTER COMPANY
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
CHARLES ALOYSIUS FAGAN.....
JOHN ANDREW FAIRMAN
THE FARMERS' DEPOSIT NATIONAL BANK
THE FEDERAL NATIONAL BANK
THE FERGUSON CONTRACTING COMPANY
FIDELITY TITLE  TRUST CO.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CONNELLSVILLE, PA.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF UNIONTOWN, PA.
THE FIRTH-STERLING STEEL COMPANY
LEWIS WARNER FOGG
HON. THOMAS J. FORD
ARTHUR OSMAN FORDING.....
THE FORT PITT FORGE COMPANY
THE FORT PITT MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY
THE FORT PITT SUPPLY COMPANY
HENRY CLAY FRICK
THE FRICK BUILDING
GALENA-SIGNAL OIL COMPANY
THE GARLAND CORPORATION
ELBERT H. GARY
JAMES  GAYLEY.......... I 211 I,I
GEORGE BROTHERS
THE GERMAN NATIONAL BANK
PAGE
I I7
360
80
II 7
365
38I.I I 7
245.95
29I
I I8
302
96
265
54
297
I152
209
257
60
266
PAGE
44
THE GERMAN SAVINGS  DEPOSIT BANK
THE GERMANIA SAVINGS BANK
DAVID L. GILLESPIE
R. G. GILLESPIE
THE T. A. GILLESPIE COMPANY
W. J. GILMORE DRUG COMPANY
THE BERNARD GLOEKLER COMPANY
J. H. GOEHRING
GEORGE BREED GORDON
THE GRAHAM NUT COM PANY
THE GREAT LAKES COAL COMPANY
THE GREAT SHOSHONE  TWIN FALLS
POWER CO.
THE GUARANTEE TITLE  TRUST CO.
A. GUCKEN HEI MER  BROTHERS
JAMES MCCLURG GUFFEY.
ADDISON COURTNEY GUMBERT
HON. GEORGE W. GUTHRIE
FREDERICK GWINNER
HOWARD HAGER COM PANY
JAMES B. HAINES  SONS
ROBERT CALVIN HALL
ALFRED REED HAMILTON
I. N. HARKLESS  CO.
THE HEIDENKAMP MIRROR COMPANY
DANIEL BROADHEAD HEINER
H. J. HEINZ COM PANY
HEYL  PATTERSON
GEORGE L. HOLLIDAY
GEORGE MECHLIN HOSACK
GEORGE Z. HOSACK
THE HOSTETTER COMPANY
HOSTETTER-CON NELLSVILLE COKE COMPANY
HOTEL ANDERSON
HOTEL CRYSTAL
HOTEL GALLATIN
THE HOTEL HENRY
THE HOTEL SCHENLEY
HOUSTON BROT HERS COMPANY
GEORGE DAWSON HOWELL
S. V. HUBER  CO.
HON. GEORGE F. HUFF
ENOCH A. HUMPHRIES
ROBERT W. HUNT  CO. -
JOH N PORTER HUNTER
*44.29I...248...267...329
66.I95.223
WATER..   370
38
*346...248.I23.I23...268.269
327
48.I24
49
357
1 24
337..   279.I25.I25
349:'ANY.224
*    374
*    375
*    375
*    375
376...286
*..82
96...228...226...380
83
366
245
I I8
2I6
57
80
I I9
25
26
266
37
27
26
27
I 53
I I 9
SI
SI
I 54
I 54
297
I20
7I
258
I94
I87
I85
66
28
p
THE HUSTEAD-SEMANS COAL  COKE CO... 226
THE HYDE WATER-TUBE SAFETY BOILERS.. I 5 5
THE INGRAM - RICHARDSON MANUFACTURING
COMPANY............ 366
THE IRON CITY COAL  COKE CO....... 227
IRON CITY HEATING COMPANY...... 282
INDExiii
PAGE
IRON CITY PRODUCE COMPANY......334
IRON CITY SAND COMPANY.......294
IRON CITY STEEL COM-PANY.......201I
IRON CITY TRUST COMPANY.......39
THOMAS W. IRWIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY 288
ITALO-AMERICAN PRODUCE COMPANY....33 5
JAMISON COAL  COKE CO........22 7
EVAN JONES  CO...........269
JONES  LAUGHLIN STEEL CO.......I 55
EDWARD LEE KEARNS                              83
FREDERICK CHARLES KEIGHLEY.....I2 5
PAGE
FRANCIS THOMAS FLETCHER LOVEJOY...I 27
LUCIUS ENGINEERING  CONTRACTING CO...2-69
JAMES LYONS............269
H. ALLEN MIACHESNEY........I 29
M/ACKINTOSH, HEMPHILL  CO......205
ARCHIBALD MACKRELL.........I 30
GEO. W. MACMULLEN  CO........50
WILLIA M A. MAGEE.........8 5
THE MANUFACTURERS' LIGHT  HEAT CO...250
THE MARINE OIL COMPANY......252
HARRY A. MARLI N..........5 O
JOHN MARRON...........8 5
THE MARS OIL  GAS CO........253
THE MARSHALL FOUNDRY COMPANY....I 65
A. E. MASTEN  CO..........5 O
HON. ROBERT MCAFEE........I 28
W. G. MCCANDLESS  SONS....... 61
J. G. MCCASKEY  CO.                                5
JOSEPH F. MCCAUGHTRY.......3 30
HON. SAMUEL ALFRED MCCLUNG.....84
THE MCCLURE COMPANY........I 9I
THE MCCONWAY  TORLEY CO......I 64
JAMES MCCREA...........307
MCCREERY  CO. RESTAURANT......3 77
THE MCCRUM-HOWELL COMPANY.....362
JOHN R. MCGINLEY.........I 29
THE P. MCGRAW WOOL COMPANY.....379
WV. B. MCLEAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY.284
M. K. MCMULLIN  CO.........49
MELLON NATIONAL BANK.......30
C. C. MELLOR COMPANY, LTD.......37
MESTA MACHINE COMPANY.......206
METROPOLITAN NATIONAL BANK.....3I
METROPOLITAN TRUST COMPANY
MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES MILLER....259
WILLIAM MILLER  SONS.......2 70
THE MONONGAHELA NATURAL GAS COMPANY.254
MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED -COAL 
COKE  CO.............229
EDWIN K. MORSE..........9 7
THEO. A. MOTHERAL.........6I
EDMUND W. MUDGE  CO........20I
MUNICIPAL  CORPORATION SECURITIES CO..53
ROBERT BERTRIDGE MURRAY.......I 30
THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY............. 5 5
S. KEIGHLEY METAL CEILING  MANUFACTURING CO.
JAM ES JOSEPH KELLY
KENDALL LUMBER COMPANY
JULIAN KENNEDY
THE D. J. KENNEDY CO.
KEYSTONE COAL  COKE CO.
KEYSTONE NATIONAL BANK
THE KIDD BROTHERS  BURGHER STEEL WIRE
289
I26
29I
97
286
227
29
CO...............    I58
FRED W. KIEFER...........60
THE KIER FIRE BRICK COMPANY.....289
WILLIAM  BREDIN KIRKER.......I 26
THE KITANNING IRON  STEEL MANUFACTURING    CO.............I 60
E. C. KLEINMAN.........60
W. L. KNORR...-......305
GEORGE L. KOPP  CO..........  379
ARTHUR KOPPEL COMPANY.......2 I4
W. N. KRATZER  CO..........I 60
W. R. KUHN  CO...........378
KUHN I NTERESTS..........3 70
LA BELLE IRON WORKS........I60
WILLIAM M. LAIRD..........I 26
LAIRD  TAYLOR..........330
HON. JOSEPH A. LANGFITT.......83
LARKIN'S METALLIC PACKING COMPANY..303
LAWRENCEVILLE BRONZE COMPANY....360
ALFRED MCCLU NG LEE........84
JAMES W. LEE...........84
THE LEES-WILLIAMS COM PANY......20 I
JOHN FRANKLIN LENT........379
JOSEPH LEONARD LEVY........I2 7
LEWIS-FINDLEY COAL COMPANY.....229
LIBERTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY....2I 8
LIGGETT., LENNOX  WATKINS......6I
LINCOLN NATIONAL BANK.......29
THE LOCKHART IRON  STEEL CO.....i63
THE LOGAN COMPANY.........285
THE LOVE  SUNSHINE CO........33 I
* 35I. I96. 283. 385
MUTUAL UNION BREWING COMPANY..
NATIONAL BOLT  NUT CO..-... -
THE NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY.
NATIONAL HYDROGEN-BURNER  STOVE CO.'
I NDEXINDEX
iv
THE NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
r C
VERMONT
THE NATIONAL METAL MOLDING COMPANY
THE NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY
NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
A. M. NEEPER
ERNEST D. NEVIN
NICHOLSON  CO.
JOHN P. OBER
CHARLES ANTHONY O'BRIEN
OIL WELL SUPPLY COM PANY
GEORGE T. OLIVER
THE OLIVER IRON  STEEL CO.
THE OLIVER  SNYDER STEEL CO.
THE ORIENT COKE COMPANY
FREDERICK JOHN OSTERLING
EUGENE W. PARGNY
THE PARRALL  DURANGO RAILROAD CO.
JOH N M. PATTERSON
THE W. W. PATTERSON COMPANY
THE PENN BRIDGE COMPANY
THE PENN BUILDING
PENNSYLVANIA GLASS SAND COMPANY
PENNSYLVANIA LIGHT  POWER CO.
THE PENNSYLVANIA PARAFFINE WORKS
THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SYSTEM
PAGE
OF
56. 363. I65.62
86
* 374. i96
* I30
86. 207. 389.i 68
* 23I1.2932
98
* 381. 254.. 368. 279
*73. 293. 323. 26I
* 307
PAGE
PITTSBURGH TRUST COM PANY......40
THE PITTSBURGH VALVE, FOUNDRY  CONSTRUCTION    CO.............2I 8
THE PITTSBURGH WHITE METAL COMPANY..386.
THE PITTSBURGH  ALLEGHENY TELEPHONE CO. 323
THE PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO COMPANY             2   23
THE PITTSBURGH  BUTLER STREET RAILWAY
CO....................  320
THE PITTSBURGH  WESTMORELAND COAL CO..239
POWERS  HENRY CO..........33 5
THE PRESSED RADIATOR COMPANY.....363
CHARLES BOHLEN PRICE.1...I3 I
WILLIAM GUNN PRICE........98
RAILWAY STEEL-SPRING COMPANY....I 72
REAL ESTATE SECURITY COMPANY.....66
HON. JAMES H. REED.........8 7
JOSEPH REID GAS ENGINE COMPANY....2 IO
THOMAS REILLY...........27 I
HON. EDMOND HOMER REPPERT.....87
THE REPUBLIC BANK NOTE COMPANY...373
THE REPUBLIC IRON  STEEL CO......I 72
REYMER  BROTHERS, IN C........342
JOSHUA RHODES...........202
ANDREW RICHMOND  SON.......285
THE RITER-CONLEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY 280
FRANCIS L. ROBBINS
ANDREW C. ROBERTSON
HON. ELLIOTT RODGERS
WILLIAM BLACKSTOCK RODGERS
RODGERS SAND COM PANY
F. G. ROSS.
P.  V. ROVNIANEK  CO.
WALLACE H. ROWE
E., F. RUSCH ( MOERLEIN BREWING C.... 230..       88
88
88. 294
99
51. I 70
1
10.). 353
THE W. L. RUSSELL BOX  LUMBER CO.
THE SAFE DEPOSIT  TRUST CO. OF PITTSBURGH
SANKEY BROTHERS
RICHARD BROWN SCANDRETT
ADOLPH JACOB SCHAAF
THE SCHENLEY FARMS COMPANY
SCHOEN STEEL WHEEL COMPANY
ALBERT LOUIS SCHULTZ
SCHULZE  EMANUEL.....
SEAMLESS TUBE COMPANY OF AMERICA
SECOND NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH
JOSEPH SEEP
FRANCIS MARION SEMANS, JR.
S. SEVERANCE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
JAMES B. SIPE  CO.
JOHN VINCENT SLOAN
EDWIN WHITTIER SMITH.....-..
367
41
289
89
IOO0
67
I 74
IOO0
29I
I 75
32
I32
I33
I96
384
254
89
THE PEOPLES' NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH  32
THE PEOPLES' SAVINGS BANK......45
THE PETROLEUM IRON WORKS COMPANY. 1 I68
THE PHILADELPHIA COMPANY AND AFFILIATED
CORPORATIONS..........31I9
PHILLIPS MINE  MILL SUPPLY CO.....30I
THE PHILLIPS SHEET  TIN PLATE CO...    -I 92
THE PITTSBURGH ART GLASS  MOSAIC DECORATIVE  CO.............      35 9
PITTSBURGH BANK FOR SAVINGS.....45
PITTSBURGH BREWING COMPANY.....35 I
PITTSBURGH CALCIUM LIGHT  FILM CO...386
PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF THE HOLY GHOST..3 7I
THE PITTSBURGH DRY GOODS COMPANY...327
THE PITTSBURGH FORGE  IRON CO....I 69
THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES.....388
THE PITTSBURGH LEAD MINING COMPANY..382
THE PITTSBURGH-OAXACA MINING COMPANY.382
THE PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY       358
PITTSBURGH SCREW  BOLT CO......I 96
PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY......I 70
THE PITTSBURGH STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY.I 7I
THE PITTSBURGH SUPPLY COMPANY....298
PITTSBURGH TERMINAL WAREHOUSE AND TRANSFER COMPANY..........38v
PAGE
303
63
62
34
33
256
I 8I
42
241
I8 I
I 82
358
34I
183
3I6
9I1
137
t331
187
- 69
9 I
25 7
92
321
2I11
2I I
342
287
5I1
242
I 03
275
2I6
I38
52
I138
313
138
33269
II88
PAGE. I34. 219. 365. 272. 176. 200. 197. I98
GEORGE CARSON SMITH
THE C:HARLES G. SMITH COMPANY
LEE S. SMITH 'SON
THE S. R. SMYTHE COMPANY
WILLIAM P. SNYDER  CO.
M/AX SOLOMON
THE STANDARD CHAIN COMPANY
STANDARD HORSE NAIL COMPANY
STANDARD SANITARY MANUFACTURING
PANY
STANDARD SCALE  SUPPLY CO.
THE STANDARD STEEL CAR COM PANY
THE STANDARD TIN PLATE COM PANY
THE STAR BREWING COMPANY
THE STERLING STEEL FOUNDRY COMPANY
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY
UNION-FIDELITY TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY
UNION INSURANCE C:OMPANY OF PITTSBURGH
THE UN.ION NATIONAL BANK OF NEW BRIGHTON,9 PA.
THE UNION NATIONAL BANK OF PITTSBURGH
UNION NATURAL GAS CORPORATION
UNION STEEL CASTING COMPANY
THE UNION TRUST COMPANY
THE UNITED C'OAL COMPANY
UNITED ENGINEERING  FOUNDRY CO.
UNITED IRON  STEEL CO.
UTNITED STATES GLASS COMPANY
THE UNITED STATES MACARONI FACTORY
THE UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION
EDWARD H. UTLEY
HON. JQ.VAN  SWEARINGEN
MIURRAY A. VERNER
B. H. VOSKAMP S SONS
VULCAN CRUCIBLE STEEL COMPANY
WATKINS  DUNBAR
DAVID T. WATSON
THE WAVERLY OIL WORKS
A. I,EO WEIL
THE WEST PENN RAILWAYS COMPANY
GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE
THE WESTINGHOUSE INTERESTS
WHANN LITHIA SPRINGS WATER
SCOTT A. WHITE
WHITNEY, STEPHENSON  CO.
THE WHYEL COKE COMPANY
THE W. G. WILKINS COMPANY
A.  S. WILSON CO.
THE WILSON-SNYDER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
WILIA M WIT HEROW
JOHN A. WOOD, JR.
JAMES FILEMING WOODWARD
ARTHUR G. YATES
REV. SAMUEL EDWARD YOUNG
THE YOUNG, MAHOOD COMPANY
ERNEST ZIM MERLI
THE ZUG IRON  STEEL CO.
COM-.. 299. 364. 2I5.1I93
* 352.1I77
JAMES STEWART  CO.
WILLIAM C. STILLWAGEN
ROBERT E. STONE
JAMES L. STUART
SIMON H. STUPAKOFF
SU PERIOR STEEI, COMPANY
HON. J. M. SWEARINGEN
THE J. C. SWEARINGEN INK COMPANY
EMIL C. P. SWENSSON
PAUL SYNNESTVEDT
EDWARD J. TAYLOR
SAMUEL ALFRED TAYLOR
TAYLOR  DEAN
W. J. TENER  CO.
J. V. THOMPSON
W. H. SEWARD THOMSON
THE TITUSVILLE FORGE COMPANY
TOWER HILL CONN ELLSVILLE COKE
THE C. C.  E. P. TOWNSEND CO.
Co]...272
89
134.. 274
1 78
385. IO.... go
10I2
1 79
68
135
I I79
M PANY.240
1 97
TRADE DOLLAR CONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY
TRANTER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
TREASURY TUNNEL MINES CORPORATION
THE TREAT  CRAWFORD INTrERESTS
WVILLIAm THOMAS TREDWAY
ROBERT MAURICE TRIMBLE
THE TWIN FALLS NORTH SIDE LAND  WATER
Co.
THE UNION DRAWN STEEL COMPANY
383
21 I
384
255
go
103
371
I80
1. GOLDMANN CO., PRINTERS
NEW YORK
INDEXPUBLISHED BY
THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMESFigures tell the real story of a great financial company like the Fidelity more eloquently and potently than
words. To these numerals investors turn, to them the
prospective depositor casts his eye and critically analyzes
the columns as they are arrayed before him, weighing
the argument they are intended to convey.
When it is considered that the resources of The
Fi d elity Title  Trust Co.
amount to the grand total of
$I6,6I9,866.44, it requires a
small array of words to drive
the point of argument home.
Included in this amount are investment securities owned by
the company amounting to $5,760,083.86, all gilt edge, worth
their face value to-day if
thrown upon the market under
adverse conditions. Then there
are call loans, perfectly and
safely covered by collateral,
amounting to $7,895,692.85.
These items convey only a partial argument for the good reason that the total sum of the
resources reach the figures set
forth above-$16,6g9,866.44.
In conjunction with the figures is the progressive yet conservative management of the
officers, which contributes to
the solidity and surety of the
company and encompasses the
depositors with every safeguard that is known to legitilnate financiering. President
Jackson is in constant touch
with all the great institutions
of the country, reaching out to
every city of consequence, and
as a result is conversant with
every movement that tends to
depreciate or enhance the stability of his institution.
This information, w h i c h
President Jackson invariably
turns to account, is of incalculable value to those contemplating creating trusts or placing wills on deposit with the
company under which it has been appointed as executor.
THE GUARANTEE TITLE  TRUST CO.-The
history of this company is one of growth. On August
II, I899, the date of its organization, the capital stock
amounted to $I25,000. In Ig02 this was increased to
$250,000, and a surplus of $50,000 created. Again in
I903, to meet the denmands of increasing business, the
capital was increased to $750,000, and the surplus to
$550,000. Fromn the date of its organization until June
I, I903, the company transacted a title and abstract business, the banking and trust department being added at
that time. The stock was so largely over-subscribed that
it was decided to make the capital stock $I,ooo,ooo, and
the surplus $825,ooo.  At the
present'time the capital is $I,ooo,ooo, surplus and profits,
$880,ooo.
Dividends are paid at the
rate of six per cent. per annum.
The increases in capitalization
made possible the purchases by
the Guarantee Title  Trust
Co. of the Iron City National
Bank, the  Moreland  Trust
Company, and the Standard
Security Trust Company, a
combination that added greatly
to the strength of the former
institution. With the Iron City
National Bank the Guarantee
acquired its present banking
house and becamne an active
trust company in all departments, having previously been
a title guarantee company. At
a later time it purchased the
deposits of the Mortgage
Banking  Company, and the
complete business of the Equitable Trust Company, including
all its assets. The company is
in the hands of one of the
strongest business elements in
western Pennsylvania, its
board of directors representing many of the leading interests of the Pittsburgh district.
As a result of negotiations
closed November 26, I9o6, the
Guarantee Title  Trust Co.
absorbed the Home Trust Company, its building and assets.
The negotiations which led to
the merger were conducted by
the president of the absorbing company, Joseph K. Paull,
and a committee of the Home Trust Company, who arranged options and ternms for the transfer. The result to
the Guarantee will be deposits of over $5,200,000, and a
reorganized board of directors. A number of the Home
Trust Company directors will be elected to the Guarantee
board to take places voluntarily made vacant by resignation to further strengthen the institution. A glance at
FIDELITY TITLE  TRUST COMPANYthe list of directors will prove the stability of the concern. Its executive officers are as follows:  President,
Joseph R. Paull; vice-presidents, John Bindley, Robert J.
Davidson and Samuel H. McKee; secretary and treasurer, Alexander Dunbar.
In the company's statement last December the resources were $7,340,215.27, as follows: Cash on hand,
$I54,70I.3I; due from other banks, $774,380.39; commercial and other papers, $1,318,IO8.23; call loans on
collateral, $934,777.2I; time loans on collateral, $837,786.65; loans on bonds and mortgages, $95,365.25.
IRON CITY TRUST COMPANY-The Iron City
Trust Company was established June, I9oI, when its
charter was issued. Its capital to-day is $2,000,000, and
its surplus $600,000. Its officers are William L. Abbott,
president; George E.
McCague, vice-president; Charles N.
Hanna, vice-president;
Edward   Hoopes,
v i c e-president a n d
secretary; D. I. Parkinson, treasurer;
Charles N. Wake, assistant secretary;
Daniel E. Crane, assistant treasurer; Willis F. McCook, general counsel, and
Ralph Longenecker,
solicitor.
The company's
place of business is in
the Westinghouse
Building, first floor,
corner of Penn Avenue and Ninth Street.
The company keeps on deposit for its own account
funds in every large city of Europe, and through its
established connections is able to remit money to, or collect money from, any place in the world.
It was formed by persons interested in the real estate
business, and at first operated along those lines. In January, I903, William L. Abbott was elected president.
The following April the capital stock was increased from
$1,000,000 to $2,000,000. From this time the policy of
the company was gradually changed until at the present
time the company has eliminated the real estate business
from its sphere of activities.
During the past two years the company has been engaged in building up a business in the buying and selling
of high-grade corporation bonds for investment. It has
now a fully equipped bureau for investigation of such
securities and for the gathering of data in the service
of its customers.
The company has placed a number of issues of bonds
among its clients, all of them  proving of the highest
intrinsic value and of stable market price.
William L. Abbott is the president, is one of the Carnegie partners, having been at the time of his retirement
chairman of Carnegie, Phipps  Co., Ltd.
George E. McCague, one of the vice-presidents, was
also formerly of the Carnegie interests, and was until
recently traffic manager of the United States Steel Corporation.
Charles N. Hanna, another vice-president, resigned
as president of the wholesale dry-goods firm of Arbuthnot-Stephenson Company to devote his whole time to the
affairs of the company.
Edward Hoopes, the third vice-president and secretary, resigned the secretaryship and treasurership of the
Equitable Trust Company to accept his
present office.
The treasurer, D.
I. Parkinson, has been
an employee from the
formation of the company, having reached
his present office by
promotion from  minor employments.
The directors of
the company are:
William L. Abbott,
president; Charles N.
Hanna, vice-president;
George E. McCague,
capitalist; Willis F.
McCook, attorney at
law; Edward  A.
Woods, manager
Equitable Life Assurance Society; Wallace H. Rowe, president Pittsburgh Steel Company; Adam Wilson, president A.
 S. Wilson Company; Thomas McGinley, treasurer
Duff Manufacturing Company; W. A. Nicholson, president Hartley-Rose Belting Company; C. A. Painter, of
Scully, Painter  Beech; James H. Park, director Crucible Steel Company of America; Grant McCargo, president Pennsylvania Lubricating Company; D. L. Gillespie,
of D. L. Gillespie  Co.; Charles W. Brown, vice-president Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company; John A. Topping,
president Republic Iron  Steel Co., and Edward Hoopes,
vice-president.
METROPOLITAN TRUST COMPANY-The
growth of trust companies in recent years in Pittsburgh,
both in number and in popularity, has been remarkable.
One of the recently organized institutions of this class
that has met with great success is the Metropolitan Trust
INTERIOR GUARANTEE TITLE  TRUST COMPANYCompany at 4740 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh.  The
people of Bloomfield have always had confidence in this
institution, but this confidence was strengthened by the
recent passage of a law which provides for the creation
and maintenance of a reserve fund by State banks and
trust companies.  Under this act every corporation receiving deposits shall at all times have on hand a reserve
fund of at least I5 per cent. of the aggregate of all its
immediate demand liabilities. The whole of such reserve
may, and at least one-third must, consist of either lawful money of the United States, gold certificates, silver
certificates, notes or bills issued by any lawfully organized
national banking association or clearing-house certificates.
One-third or any part thereof may consist of bonds of
the United States, State of Pennsylvania, or those issued
in compliance with the law by any city, county or borough of Pennsylvania, also bonds that are now or hereafter may be authorized by law as legal investments.
The balance of the reserve fund m1ay consist of moneys
on deposit subject to call in any bank or company of the
State of Pennsylvania which shall have been approved
by the Commissioner of Banking.
The Metropolitan Trust Company recently issued a
card thanking its patrons for their liberal patronage and
announcing the election of C. L. Flaccus, of the C. L.
Flaccus Glass Company, as president, and Robert Ostermaier as vice-president. The officers and directors now
are Robt. Ostermaier, vice-president; Henry Daub, vicepresident; John J. Dauer, secretary and treasurer.
PITTSBURGH  TRUST  COMPANY -Occupying
a premier place among the solid financial institutions that
have contributed to the name and fame of the great industrial city of western Pennsylvania, is the Pittsburgh
Trust Company, at 323 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh. The
company is one that, through the efficiency and ability of
its officers and directors, has forged its place to the front
ranks and repeatedly distinguished itself for the conservatism  which its thousands of depositors openly approve and admire.
Like the chief officer of a modern ocean steamer, Mr.
J. I. Buchanan, president of the institution, is always
prepared for storms, with the result that when financial
flurries do come, the Pittsburgh Trust Company proceeds
serenely on its way unaffected by adverse currents and
tempestuous winds.
AN UNUSUAL VIEW OF FOURTH AVENUE AND WOOD STREET, TAKEN BEFORE THE ERECTION OF THE BUILDINGS
OF THE UNION BANK AND THE COMMONWEALTH TRUST COMPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    41
Being so carefully and ably managed it has a lofty
place in the estimation of the people at large, and is used
as a depository by all classes-the artisan who forges
steel, the laborer who is chary of his savings, and the
multi-millionaire who seeks a safe place for his steadily
accumulating wealth.
It is this cosmopolitan composition of patrons that has
given to the Pittsburgh Trust Company its wide-spread
influence and remarkable prestige, that no panic or eruption in the money market can weaken.
Growing steadily with the expanding industries of
Pittsburgh, keeping pace with progressive ideas, liberally
dealing with merchants and financiers requiring loans,
the company has attained the protminence that excites
genuine admiration and pardonable pride of not only
those directly intrusted in its management and success,
but by the city as well.
It is one of the strong institutions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania-as strong as the gigantic steel
beams and girders forged by the smoke-grimed mills of
the city known the world over for its marvelous achievements in iron and wonderful wealth.
The officers and directors of the company invariably
pass upon all loans and investments, at the time they are
made, and the institution is subject to audit by the State
Bank Examiner and by a Certified Public Accountant,
and subject also to a bimonthly inspection of securities
and collaterals at irregular periods. In conjunction with
these safeguards, what are termed "surprise inspections"
are made at intervals by the Public Accountant, when his
presence is not anticipated, thus making assurance doubly
sure.
The list of officers and directors, which follows, is a
representative one. Officers: J. I. Buchanan, president;
S. H. Vandergrift, vice-president; D. Gregg McKee,
treasurer; B. H. Smyers, secretary; W. D. Jones, assistant
secretary  and treasurer.  Directors:  J. I. Buchanan,
Henry Buhl, Jr., S. H. Vandergrift, Willis L. King, Geo.
M. Laughlin, W. P. Snyder, B. F. Jones, Jr., George E.
Tener, Chas. H. Hays.
Statetment and condition October 31, I907:
RESOURCES.
Brought f orward..................... $ II,098,803.63
Over twice the demand deposits and
more than all the actual liabilities.
Time Loans-On collateral and commercial paper.............................   3,562,564.55
Real Estate Loans-Secured by first lien
mortgages....................................   I,I g8,287.oo
Miscellaneous Assets-Accrued interest
not  due.................. $203,500.07
Real estate, vault and fixttures..................  456,190.64
Accounts...............    2,947.28. 662,637.99
Mortgages held f or mortgage participation certificates..........................                2I3,250.00
Total resources.......................... $ I 6,73 5,5 43. 1 8
LIABILITIES.
Deposits-Subject to check, most of which
bear 2 per cent. interest..............
Savings-bearing 4 per cent. interest
and subject to withdrawal only on
prior notice.....................
Time Deposits-Not included in above.
$4,368,89 I.95
4,603,495-51I
I,203,904.86
Total deposits..................... $ IO, I 76,292.32
Mortgage    Participation   CertificatesOutstanding  2..............                            2I 3,250.00
Treasurer's Checks-Outstanding................     27,71 9. 21
Quarterly Dividend No. 48-Of 5 per
cent., due November ISt....................... IOO0,OOO.OO0
Dividend Checks-Outstanding..................... I,490.00
Actual liabilities..................... $ 1, s I 8,75 I. 53
Capital stock............ $2,0001000.00
Surplus.............  2,000,000.00
Undivided profits......... 2,2 I6,79 I..65
Excess of assets over liabilities................ 6,216,79I.65
$16,735,543. I8
THE SAFE DEPOSIT  TRUST CO. OF PITTSBURGH-A repository of delegated authority, a corporation empowered to accept and executed all trusts recognized or permitted by law, the oldest trust company in
western Pennsylvania and one of the strongest and best,
is the Safe Deposit  Trust Co. of Pittsburgh.
In the development and growth of the corporation is
significantly expressed the increasing confidence which
the company inspires. Incorporated on January 24, I867,
under a perpetual charter, its original capital was $IOO,ooo, with the accorded privilege of an increase to $500,ooo. In the beginning the company was known as the
Safe Deposit Company of Pittsburgh. The first officers
Reserve-Cash and due from banks....
(Reserve required by law, $7II,OI6.58)
Demand Loans-Secured by collateral
$I,457,o63.30
and  payable  on  call.......................    3,82 5, I I7.92
Total........................ $5,282,180.72
More than the entire amount of deposits subject to check.
Bonds-Convertible into cash on short notice, if necessary.......................... 5,8I6,622.9I
Total........................ $I I,098,803.63of the company were: William Phillips, President, and
Sidney F. Von Bonnhorst, Secretary and Treasurer.
In I878 the charter was amended so as to permit the
company to act in a fiduciary capacity. In I884 a change
in the name made it the Safe Deposit  Trust Co. of
Pittsburgh. The Safe Deposit  Trust Co. of Pittsburgh prospered so that the expansion in I9OI of its capitalization to $I,ooo,ooo was very advisable. Early in
I903, at which time the capital of the Safe Deposit 
Trust Co. of Pittsburgh was increased from $I,ooo,ooo
to $2,000,000, a co-operative plan was formulated by
the Safe Deposit  Trust Co. and the Peoples' Savings
Bank; as the result of this agreement part of the increase of the capital of the Trust
Company was used to purchase
the stock of the Peoples' Savings Bank; before the completion of the purchase of the Peoples' Savings Bank stock, negotiations began for another extension; $I,ooo,ooo more was
added to the capital of the Trust
Company, and with this was acquired the stock of the Peoples'
National Bank; thus the Safe
Deposit  Trust Co. secured
and now owns the entire capital
stock of the Peoples' Savings
Bank and the Peoples' National
Bank. Each institution confines
its operations exclusively to the
privileges granted by its charter,
but all work together harmoniously under practically the same
management. In addition to its
capital of $3,000,000, the Safe
Deposit  Trust Co. of Pittsburgh now has a surplus of $7,500,000. The success which the
company has achieved for itself
is almost entirely due to the diligence, vigilance and ability displayed in safeguarding and advancing the interests of its
customers.
The officers and directors of the Safe Deposit  Trust
Co. of Pittsburgh are as follows:  Officers-D. McK.
Lloyd, President; Thomas Wightman, J. D. Lyon, Robert
Wardrop, Edward E. Duff, Vice-Presidents; James K.
Duff, Secretary-Treasurer; A. P. Dysart, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer; W. R. Errett, Trust Officer; Dale S.
Tate, Assistant Trust Officer; W. K. Brown, Manager
Real Estate Department; Chas. W. Kiser, Manager Mortgage Department; David R. Hill, Manager Bond Department; J. A. Hummel, Manager Safe Deposit Department; Sidney F. Murphy, Auditor; S. E. Hare, Assistant
Auditor. Directors-D. McK. Lloyd, Thomas Wightman, W. K. Shiras, J. D. Lyon, Geo. E. Painter, J. M.
Shields, Hon. Edwin H. Stowe, W. J. Moorhead, Robert
Wardrop, Geo. W. Crawford, James K. Duff, Edward
E. Duff, J. Painter, Jr., D. Leet Wilson, D. Herbert
Hostetter, John H. Ricketson, Jr., T. H. B. McKnight,
Benjamin Thaw, Wm. D. George, Calvin Wells, Henry
Chalfant, F. C. Perkins, Henry R. Rea.
THE UNION TRUST COMPANY-The business
of a trust company should be on the highest and safest
plane of finance. Amnong the strongest monetary institutions of Pittsburgh, precedence is accorded to the Union
Trust Company. Established in I889, the Union Trust
Company to-day has the greatest reserve strength of any single bank or trust company in the
world.  Reinforcing the company's capital of $I,500oooo000 is a
colossal surplus fund of $23,ooo,ooo.  Solidified security is
further conferred by "Undivided
Profits" amounting to $I,o8I,569.77. Back of this tremendous array of financial strength
and conservatism are men who
control huge industrial enterprises that have spread Pittsburgh's  fame  throughout  the
civilized world.
The functions of a trust
company are: general banking,
acting as trustee, fiscal agent,
registrar, transfer agent, manager of underwriting syndicates,
assignee and receiver, and conducting safe deposit vaults. In
the Union Trust Company each
department is operated separately, yet there is a co-ordination
of the  work that makes the
whole system symmetrical and
especially complete. The banking department receives deposits payable on demand and
subject to check or payable at an agreed time, and
allows interest on all deposits.  The faith and confidence which the strength and excellent management
of the company inspire are shown by the immense
amounts deposited. On December I6, I907, with the
Union Trust Company were:
Deposits subject to check............. $I6,858,399.0IO
Deposits, special....................   4,740,887.04
Due to the Commonwealth...........    300,000.00
Due to banks and bankers............   2, r3I,37I.52
$24,030,657.66
UNION TRUST COMPANYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    43
On the same date the total assets of the Union Trust
Company amnounted to more than twice the sum of all
the deposits, or, in exact figures, $49,884,420.o6.
In the investment of trust funds, or the funds of
estates, the Union Trust Company occupies a position
of the greatest prestige and advantage. Capable of performing the responsible duties of a trustee much more
satisfactorily than any individual could, the company had
at the time of making its re port in December, I 907:
Trust f unds invested..................- $33,316,832. 70
Trust funds uninvested........               816,213.23
Total.............................  $3 4, I 3 3,045.93
In its financial immensity, in the extent and excellence
of its banking facilities, in the precautions and care which
thoroughly safeguard the interest of every patron and
depositor, the Union Trust Company contains in its magnificent organization everything required to promptly,
safely and adequately comply with every demand that
properly, under any circumstances, could be made of a
bank or trust company. The Union Trust Company of
Pittsburgh is recognized everywhere as one of the very
best and strongest banking and fiduciary institutions of
the United States.
Added to the strength and resplendence of its resources and management is the weight given to the company by the especial importance of the directorate. The
officers and directors of the Union Trust Company are:
H. C. McEldowney, President; A. W. Mellon., VicePresident; J. M. Schoonmaker, 2nd Vice-President;
Scott Hayes, Treasurer; J. H. Evans, Assistant Treasurer; John A. Irwin, Secretary; James S. Carr, Assistant
Secretary; W. W. Smith, 2nd Assistant Secretary; Wm.
A. Robinson, 3rd Assistant Secretary; William I. Berryman, Trust Officer; Carroll P. Davis, Assistant Trust
Officer; P. G. Cameron, Auditor.
The directors are: H. C. Frick, P. C. Knox, W. N.
Frew, D. E. Park, J. B. Finley, H. C. Fownes, H. C.
McEldowney, J. M. Schoonmaker, Wm. B. Schiller, B.
F. Jones, Jr., James H. Lockhart, A. W. Mellon, Geo. E.
Shaw, J. M. Lockhart, Henry Phipps, Thomas Morrison,
William G. Park, R. B. Mellon and E. C. Converse.
SAVINGS BANKS
THE NATURAL THRIFT OF HARD-WORKING PITTSBURGH CARED
FOR MOST CAREFULLY
The savings banks of Pittsburgh are the city's pride.
Their origin was truly altruistic. The oldest member of
this group was organized without any capital stock, and
for more than half a century it has remained without
capital stock, all dividends being paid to depositors and
all earnings in excess of expenses and dividends being
carried to surplus and contingent funds for the further
protection of depositors. Another of the city's staunch
institutions was launched during the darkest days of the
Civil War, and two more came into existence on the
eve of the great panic of I873. All of them are under
the management of able and experienced bankers, and
none of them has ever been shaken by the financial
storms of the past. All of them have prospered, despite
the keenness of competition in these latter years, and
none has been tempted to depart from the safe course
by the success of more venturesome undertakings.
Pittsburgh is an ideal community for the savings
bank. A careful canvass was made in I906 of the
amount of the pay-rolls made up by the banks of the city
for the industrial and commercial interests of which it
is the monetary center. The astounding revelation was
made that $29,208,ooo a month was the average amount
required for this purpose, or at the rate of more than
$35o,ooo,ooo a year. The showing was enough to amaze
the treasury officials at Washington, who made inquiry
into the character of the canvass and found the results
to be substantially as stated. From the army of wageearners who receive this great sum the savings banks
receive their customers.
The deposits of strictly savings banks do not begin
to represent the aggregate of this class of accounts.
Practically every trust company and many of the national
banks maintain savings departments, and naturally these
come into competition with the regularly organized savings banks. Another source of competition is the comparatively recent adoption of the policy on the part of
national banks and trust companies of allowing interest
on deposits subject to check. The average rate of interest
on such deposits is 2 per cent., while the uniform rate on
regular savings accounts is 4 per cent. It is reasonable
to infer that more money would be deposited in straight
savings accounts if no interest were allowed on deposits
subject to check.
It is said that Pittsburgh was the first city to introduce "banking by mail," and the reputation of her savings banks is such that they attract deposits from all
over the United States.
THE ANCHOR SAVINGS BANK-The anchor
is the emblem of security. Prudence, conservatism and
reliability characterize the Anchor Savings Bank. True
to the best traditions of the banking business, this long
established substantial and successful institution has
stood; always safe, ever ready to allow its depositors
such accommodations as were consistent with careful
banking; the affairs of the bank have been ably directed,
and notably its business has increased.  Capitalized at
$IOO,OOO, the surplus and undivided profits of the Anchor
Savings Bank to-day amount to $400,ooo. The officers
of the bank are: Maj. A. M. Brown, President; John
D. Brown, Vice-President, and Thomas H. Lewis,
Cashier. The Anchor Savings Bank's directors are: R.
J. Stoney, Jr., T. J. Keenan, Ed. H. Straub, Theodore44   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
F. Stratub, W. D. Henry, John D. Brown, William Dellenbach, L. P. Monahan and Maj. A. M. Brown.
THE GERMAN SAVINGS  DEPOSIT BANK
-Successful since organization in I 87I, established as
a State bank in I882, occupying since I897 its splendid
building at the corner of Fourteenth and Carson Streets
on the "South Side," the German Savings  Deposit
Bank has been, and is, one of the most appreciated financial institutions in the city.
According to the statement made on December I6,
I907, it had deposits amounting to $3,802,76o.oI. Its
surplus and profits were $6I3,562.86. None of the surplus ($6oo,ooo) was paid in, every dollar of it having
been accumulated in the regular course of business. From
the time of its foundation up to date the bank has paid
to its stockholders $440,000 in dividendqs. This was done
on a capitalization of $I000,000.  On deposits of one
dollar and upwards it pays interest at the rate of  4 per
cent. per annum. It issues letters of credit; does a large
foreign exchange business; has a first-class safe deposit
department, and in all proper ways carries, on an extensive general banking business. Besides this, for the
convenience of its customers, the bank r epresents several of the leading Atlantic steamship lines.
The officers of the German Savings  Deposit Bank
are: J. F. Erny, President; Ferdinand Bentz, VicePresident; A. P. Miller, Cashier; John P. McKain, Assistant Cashier.  The directors are:  Andrew  Popp,
Charles E. Succop, John Siebert, Frederick N. Stucky,
J. E. Roth, John Weilersbacher, William L. Monro,
Ferdinand Bentz and J. F. Erny.
THE GERMANIA SAVINGS BANK-Of the
monetary institutions of Pittsburgh that appeal most
sensibly to those who are thriftily inclined, the Germania
Savings Bank is certainly one of the safest and most
advantageous. As a bank of deposit for wage earners
and others who desire to protect and enhance their future,
the strong, reliable and old "Germania" is just the one
that the wise and the prudent would select. The men
at the head of it are known to be trustworthy, sagacious
and conservative. Years of successful experience have
proven fully the wisdom and soundness of the bank's
methods. Its reputation in every way is most excellent.
Its resources are very large, and the facilities and conveniences which it offers, combined with the bank's unquestioned strength, attract to the Germania always the
best class of customers.
By a special act of the Pennsylvania Legislature on
April 8, I870, the Germania Savings Bank was incorporated. In June of the same year it began business at 72
Wood Street. In I873 the northwest corner of Wood
and Diamond Streets, one of the best banking locations
in Pittsburgh, was purchased, where later was erected
the handsome and substantial Germania Bank Building.
From the first the growth of the bank's business has
been steady, healthy and continuous. Up to date it has
paid to depositors interest amounting to more than
$3,000,000.
A brief statement of the bank's condition as shown
by the report made on December I6, I907, is as follows:
RESOURCES.
Cash in vault........... $I55,27I.99
Checks and other cash items.        6,453 34
Cash in banks...........   668,4. I 7-2
Call loans upon collateral.............
Time loans upon collateral, etc.........
Investment securities owned, viz.:
$830, I 42.45
3,655,692.25
1,27S,620.49
Stocks ancdbonds.............. $203, I 00. 00
First mortgages......I,3 I9,I65.75
Bank and office building, f urniture and
other real estate....................
Overdrafts.........................
$ I, 522,265 75
366,75 I.2 I
67.29
Total..........................   $7,653,539.44
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock paid in.................
Surplus f und.......................
Undivided profits, less expenses and taxes
paid..............................
Deposits, subject to check.. $508,575.38
Time  deposits........... 6~,455,962.57
Treasurer's and certified
$I 50,000.oo
300,000.00
225,867.27
checks outstanding............    I 3, I 34.22
_          $6,977,672. I 7
Total.............................  $7,653,539.44
The officers of the Germania Savings Bank are A. E.
Succop, President; L. A. Meyran, Vice-President; A. E.
Nieman, Secretary and Treasurer; C. F. Gardner, Assistant Secretary, and L. H. Moeckel, Assistant Treasurer.
Paying 4 per cent. interest compounded semi-annually, placing at the disposal of the depositors every privilege consistent with legitimate banking, the Germania
Savings Bank for 37 years has served, consistently and
acceptably, the thrifty classes. It has earned ample acknowledgment of its strength and careful management.
Its stability is admitted, its prestige is well established,
it stands squarely before the public, it ranks with the
largest and best savings banks in western Pennsylvania.
Of the men who guide the bank's affairs and guard
the deposits of the customers it may be said that they
are so well and favorably known in Pittsburgh that their
names are a guarantee of the bank's rectitude and solvency.  Enjoying well deserved public confidence, the
Germania justifies by what it has done, by what it is
always in a position to do, the esteem accorded its management, and the general recognition of its strength.
THE PEOPLES' SAVINGS BANK-In the Peoples' Savings Bank, the dimes of the thrifty grow into
dollars; the savings of wage earners are augmented by
interest; larger and larger become what were once the
tiny deposits of those
w h o a r e determined
not to be poor.
As the originator
of the "banking by
mail" system, the Peoples' Savings Bank
brought its advantages
within easy reach of
every man who desired
to deposit a dollar or
upwards, no m a t t e r
how far he might be
removed f r o 1 Pittsburgh. That "banking
by mail" can be carried
on safely and in a manner productive of entire satisfaction is best
shown by what the
Peoples' Savings Bank
h a s d o n e. Through
the mails it has received deposits amounting to immense sums;
not a dollar was ever
1 o s t o r unaccounted
for.
Established i n i t s
own handsome i5story building at the
corner of Wood Street
a n d Fourth Avenue,
th e Peoples' Savings
Bank is surrounded
with the most modern
b a n king conveniences
and protection. The banking rooms are finished and furnished in a manner becoming the standing and dignity of
the business. The mail department is exceedingly well organized and equipped.  The vault, built of Harveyized
armor plate, in size and strength comparing favorably
with the greatest ever made, bids defiance to fire and
burglars; inside the great vault stands a massive onepiece safe, the largest and strongest of its kind; these
money-protecting structures so strong as to have a
strength almost inconceivable, to all intents and purposes
indestructible, are fitting symbols of the financial solidity
and absolute reliability of the bank. The bank's capital
is $I,ooo,ooo, and its strength is further increased by a
surplus of $I,ooo,ooo.
The history which the Peoples' Savings Bank has
made since it was chartered in I866 will be proudly and
honorably repeated so long as its destinies are controlled
by officers and trustees such as these: Officers-D. McK.
Lloyd, President; Thomas Wightmnan, Edward E. Duff,
J. D. Lyon, Robert
Wardrop, Vice-Presidents; James K. Duff,
Secretary and Treasurer; J. B. McKown,
A s s i s tant SecretaryTreasurer; C h a s. W.
Kiser, Manager Mortgage Department; Sidney F. Murphy, Auditor; S. E. Hare, Assistant Auditor; Patterson, Sterrett  Acheson, Counsel. Trustees
-D. McK. Lloyd, Edward E. Duff, Robert
Wardrop, J. Painter,
Jr., Hon. Edwin H.
Stowe, Geo. W. Crawford, D. Leet Wilson,
T. H. B. McKnight,
John H. Ricketson, Jr.,
Calvin Wells, F. C.
Perkins, J. M. Shields,
Thomas Wightman, J.
D. Lyon, W. K. Shiras,
Thomas P a t t e r son,
George E. Painter, W.
J. Moorhead, Wm. D.
G e o r g e, D. Herbert
H o s t etter, Benjamin
Thaw, Henry Chalfant,
Henry R. Rea, James
K. Duff.
In the strictest and
best sense the Peoples'
Savings Bank is a helpful factor to those that are incited to self-help, it is the
guardian of the savings of those who are striving to
gain financial independence, it is the conservator of the
prosperity of its depositors.
PITTSBURGH  BANK  FOR  SAVINGS-There
are few banks in Pittsburgh that have shown more rapid
growth dlurinig the past few years than has the Pittsburgh
Bank for Savings. The deposits of the institution are in
excess of $I5,000,000, which includes many thousands
PITTSBURGH BANK FOR SAVINGS46   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
of accounts of both rich and poor representing all classes
and vocations in life.
The bank was f ounded in I862 with but a modest
capital, and from the beginning its growth has been
rapid. It has continuously, both in times of panic and
plenty, enjoyed the confidence of the entire community
which it serves, owing principally to the able official board
and the careful, judicious and conservative manner in
which the affairs of the institution are conducted. This
management has been responsible for the position the
bank now holds, one of the strongest savings banks in
the entire State, the statements of the past few years
showing that the deposits have been increasing at the
rate of about $2,ooo,ooo a year.
A prominent feature of the bank's business is its
method of receiving deposits by mail. This system was
established about twelve years ago for the accommodation of some of the old customers who had moved away
from the city. By this method, which is now in general use, it is as simple, safe and satisfactory to make
deposits from any part of the country as it is to enter
the bank and make them in the old way. The value of
such a system to residents of localities where there are
no banking facilities, or where the local banks pay small
rates of interest, if any at all, can hardly be overestimated,
and thousands have taken advantage of this opportunity
to place savings accounts where four per cent. compounded semi-annually is paid.
James S. Kuhn is president of the bank, and William
J. Jones is secretary and treasurer, the management of
the bank being directly in the hands of these able gentlemen.
BANKERS AND BROKERS
A CALLING THAT REQUIRES ABSOLUTE INTEGRITY AND KEEN
INTELLIGENCE
The present Pittsburgh Stock Exchange began business April I, I894, and was incorporated July 25, I896.
It was the successor of the Pittsburgh Petroleum, Stock
and Metal Exchange, which for the ten years from I884
to I894 was, one of the world's great oil markets. The
falling off in surplus stocks of oil, which followed the
famous "Shut-in Movement" of I887, during which the
producers of petroleum by mutual agreement restricted
production, naturally curtailed speculation in oil certificates, and public trading in that commodity practically
ceased in 1895. The magnificent exchange property of
the old Pittsburgh Petroleum, Stock and Metal Exchange
was destroyed by fire, the real estate was sold and the
affairs of the association finally liquidated.
Prior to the organization of the present Pittsburgh
Stock Exchange, a start was made in the establishment
of a recognized stock market by a few members of the
old Petroleum Exchange meeting daily in one corner of
the room and making public quotations on a few bank
and insurance company shares. The session, which was
restricted to fifteen minutes each day, was dignified with
the name "Stock Call." Eventually the list of stocks
quoted extended to oil company shares, then to rapid
transit stocks, and finally to bonds and other securities.
The organization of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange
began w ith one hundred members, who subscribed $IOO
each for "seats."  For nearly ten years the exchange
lived in rented quarters and the membership remained
unchanged. In 1903 the membership was increased by
thirty, and the new seats were offered for sale at $IO,OOO
each. All were sold, and with the proceeds, $300,000,
the property of the Mechanics' National Bank, which
had been merged into the First National Bank, was
purchased. In April, I903, the exchange moved into
its permanent home, which it occupies at the present
time. Soon after its occupancy, the value of exchange
seats advanced to $I4,ooo, ranking the value of Pittsburgh Stock Exchange memberships third among the
exchanges of the United States.
The volume of transactions rose from 75,10I shares
stock and $304,0oo bonds in I894, to 3,976,I24 shares
stock and $I,492,5oo bonds in I9o6. Following the panic
of I903 and the collapse of the speculation in bank and
trust company stocks in I903-04, the value of exchange
memberships gradually declined until they touched
$5,000. On October 23, I907, business was suspended
on the exchange on account of the panic prevailing in
New York and the receiverships appointed for several
local and industrial and financial institutions, and for
the remainder of 1907 no sessions of the exchange were
held.
The Pittsburgh Stock Exchange has been an important factor in the development of gas, traction and
industrial corporations in this community. Prior to its
organization investment trading was confined to a few
bank and fire insurance stocks, quotations on which were
made through the medium of public auctions. In the
early days there was practically no margin trading except
in oil certificates and, to a very limited extent, in New
York stocks. Back in the early days of the oil excitement there had been extensive speculation, but this had
also been conducted through the medium of public auctions, which became so popular that an admission fee
had to be charged in order to confine the crowds to the
capacity of the halls in which the auctions were held.
Immediately following the organization of the present
Pittsburgh Stock Exchange an era of stock promotions
occurred. Rapid transit facilities were introduced, and
millions of stocks and bonds were listed on the exchange.
The capitalization of the various Westinhouse enterprises was multiplied, and these stocks f urnished an
important department on Change. The coal, iron, glass,
fireproofing, brewing and other industrial interests were
organized, and other hundreds of millions of new securities were put on the market. The exchange f urnishedthe official quotations which fixed the basis of values for
bank loans, and the banking business of the city was
practically revolutionized. Formerly the banks were confined almost exclusively to the market for commercial
paper in employing their funds, but with the establishment of the stock exchange, collateral security was given
value and call loans came into vogue.
It was at one time the boast of the Pittsburgh Stock
Exchange that its list of securities embraced a greater
volume and variety of sound securities than any other
exchange in the United States outside of New York.
From two fifteen-minute daily "calls," the business expanded until continuous sessions were necessary, and
from 10 o'clock in the morning until 3 o'clock in the
afternoon quotations were immediately available for
speculators and investors and also for the banks that
were loaning money on stock exchange securities. In
I9o6 the high standing
of the exchange was in
some degree impaired
by the listing of untried mining shares,
and for a time speculation in the latter
dominated the trading.
The real cause for the
recession, h o w e v e r,
was the financial embarrassment  w h i c h
overtook a number
of important industrial
corporations, necessitating a suspension of
dividends and the raising of new capital. Another cause for the loss
of prestige was the
fact that public interest drifted to the larger New York market, where
the United States Steel Corporation securities became a dominant factor in investment and speculation.
The listing of these and other securities of local interest
in Wall Street was immediately followed by a number
of Pittsburgh brokers becoming members of the New
York Stock Exchange, and several New York houses
established branches here. The result was that the larger
speculative and investment interests transferred their
allegiance from  Pittsburgh to Wall Street.  On more
than one occasion the operations of Pittsburgh assumed
such magnitude as to overshadow those of other cities
in the New York market.
It was in consequence of this condition and the transfer of money and interest that the Pittsburgh market
degenerated largely into cheap mining stock speculation.
The latter, however, has finally died out, and in the future
more attention is likely to be devoted to the better class
of securities, of which there is an abundance in the Pittsburgh market.
JOHN  D. ARMSTRONG    CO.-Pittsburghs
prominence in manufacturing and finance occasions
naturally no inconsiderable speculation.  The fluctuations of stocks offer unlimited opportunities for the
exercise of good judgment and sound business discretion. The procuring of gain involves the acceptance
of risk. To speculate successfully requires the services
of a competent and reliable broker. The choice of a
broker may make or break a man in the stock market.
The broker who achieves enduring success is the one that
best protects and advances the interests of his clients.
This in a measure accounts for the growth of the business of John D. Armstrong  Co., brokers, who are acknowledged to be among the most alert and trustworthy
brokerage firms in
Pittsburgh.
Though yet a young
man, John D. Armstrong, who dominates
the affairs of the firm
that bears his name,
has been in the brokerage business in Pittsburgh for a length of
time amply sufficient to
demonstrate his probity
and ability.
Ere he had scarcely
emerged f ro m boyhood, he entered on his
career in I888 in the
brokerage o f f i ce of
John M. Oakley. With
Mr. Oakley, whom he
afterwards succeeded,
he was associated  for six  years.  On  February  I,
I894, as the successor of Oakley, the firm  of John
D. Armstrong  Co. established its brokerage offices
at 209 Sixth Street, Pittsburgh.  For nearly fourteen
years the firm has been in business in this city; in all
that time it has made a good record, not only for increased trade, but also for the manner in which it has
always treated its customers.  To have stood the test
of those years so well means something. In the period
referred to, occurred some of the world's most startling
commercial transformations. A brokerage house that,
at the end of fourteen years of such experience, stands
as does the firm of John D. Armstrong  Co., unscathed, stronger and inspiring greater confidence than
ever before, has a history to be proud of, and a future
that speaks for itself.
In I902 the firm moved from its Sixth Street offices
to its present convenient and comfortable quarters on
PITTSBURGH STOCK EXCHANGETHE PURPOSE  OF THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE TIMES IN PUBLISHING THIS WORK
IS TO MAKE KNOWN TO THE WORLD THE
MARVELOUS STORY OF PITTSBURGH AND
VICINITY. SO ROMANTIC AND SO UNIQUE
IS ITS HISTORY AND SO MAGICAL THE
ACQUIREMENT OF ALMOST FABULOUS
WEALTH THAT IT SURPASSES MYTHOLOGY
AND IS CONSPICUOUSLY DIFFERENT FROM
ANY OTHER CITY OF THE WORLD. THE
FEATURE OF THE STORY I S THE PROPER
RECOGNITION OF THOSE REPRESENTATIVE
INDIVIDUALS, FIRMS AND, CORPORATIONS
WHO ARE A FACTOR IN ITS CIVIC LIFE AND
WHOSE ACIIEVEMENTS HAVE AIDED IN
PLACING AND MAINTAINING PITTSBURGH
IN ITS PRESENT PROUD POSITION AS THE
MOST WONDERFUL OF MODERN CITIESthe third floor of the Farmers' Bank Building. There
the numerous customers of the firm are afforded every
facility for the quick and satisfactory transaction of
business.
John D. Armstrong  Co. have private wires to
New York and Chicago and memberships in the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade.
Besides its New York and Chicago adjuncts the firm
has important connections in Cincinnati, Louisville and
Minneapolis.
Though handling a large business in New York and
Pittsburgh stocks, bonds, cotton, etc., the house of
Armstrong specializes to a considerable extent in grain
speculation. Many
Pittsburghers, who speculate in wheat and the
like, have as their brokers John D. Armstrong
 Co. The firm's business in this respect is
rated to be about the
largest in the city.
CHILDS  CHILDS
-The firm of Childs 
Childs, b a n k e r s and
brokers, established in
I905, already has a reputation   extending
throughout the United
States, and has correspondents in all the large
cities. It has put through
a number of important
business deals, and in the
short period of its existence has become a feature in the trade life of
this city. It has absolutely every facility with
which to keep in touch
with the affairs of
Greater Pittsburgh and the outside world, as its correspondents are among the oldest and most reliable concerns in the country, and it is only by getting at the
actual facts in every condition that a correct analysis can
be reached.
On account of the rapid growth and increase of the
business, the firm was obliged to move into much larger
and more commodious offices, and since April I, I907, it
has been able to give to the people of Pittsburgh better
service through the most complete facilities for conducting a banking and brokerage business in this vicinity.
These offices are located on the second floor of the new
Union National Bank Building, where its customers
are received with uniform politeness and courtesy.
Nothing but the very highest grade securities are
handled.  Our statistical department can at all times
give the intrinsic value of such stocks as are listed on
any stock exchange. It operates three private telegraph
lines to New York, and private wires to Philadelphia,
Boston, Baltimore, Washington,  Cleveland, Chicago
and St. Louis. It is also in very close touch with parties
that are located in the different mining camps, and consequently are thoroughly conversant with all that happens there.
The members of the firm are James H. Childs, Clinton L. Childs, Alexander M. Brooks, and Charles W.
Woods, all of whom have been actively concerned in
the banking or brokerage business for years
and are thoroughly conversant with every phase
of the business.
Mr. Charles W.
Woods, manager of the
bond  department, was
formerly  manager o f
the bond department of
the Union Trust Conmpany of Pittsburgh, and
is entirely familiar with
the market for all bonds.
James H. Childs is a
son of Harvey Childs,
Jr., and was formerly
connected with the firm
of H. Childs  Co., one
of the oldest houses in
the city.
Clinton L. Childs is
a son of Harvey L.
Childs, and was a partner of the firm of H. L.
Childs  Company.
A. M. Brooks is a
son of J. J. Brooks,
chief counsel o f the
Pennsylvania Railroad, and was formerly connected with
the Fidelity Title  Trust Co. of this city.
ROBERT CALVIN  HALL-The subject of this
rather incomplete sketch has become, in recent years, a
familiar figure on that section of Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, known as the local Wall Street, and is widely
recognized as an important and influential factor in
local financial affairs. His genial personal magnetism,
aided by his good business qualities and ability to handle
financial problems in a broad and liberal-minded spirit,
have given him this high standing in a comparatively
short time.
Robert Calvin Hall was born at Cleveland, O., on
ROBERT C. HALLT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    49.
tion to the esthetic side of life and its refining influences, and is said to own one of the most valtuable private collections of works of art in Pittsburgh. He recently purchased, at what is reported a fabulous price,
the famous painting "The Bath," by a celebrated French
artist, which took the first prize, $I,500 and a gold
medal, at the hands of the international jury of artists
at the last international art exhibit on the occasion of
the dedication of the great Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh.
I. N. HARKLESS  CO. It is said by r eliable
authorities that, while the population of Pittsburgh has
doubled in the last twenty years, its financial operations
and resources have been far more than doubled within
the same period. This is said to be true not only of
bank exchanges and bank deposits, but of the operations
in the stock market. Pittsburgh's securities are known
to be saf e, and as they always pay a good income they
always have a ready market. This f act interests many
in the purchase of stable securities and requires the services of mnany brokers who give their whole attention to
the business.
I. N. Harkless  Co., established in January, 1904,
do a large general business as stock, bond, g rain and
provision brokers, and are prepared to offer the public
every facility for safe investment.  Speculation aside,
the income return on securities is pronounced larger now
than at any time in the last three years. The thing then
for the prudent investor to do is to merely seek out a
conservative and reliable brokerage firm, such as I. N.
Harkless  Co. is known to be, and be guided by its
advice.
This firm is located advantageously in the banking
and brokerage district, where Mr. Harkless invites personal calls or correspondence from persons interested in
the purchase or sale of stocks, bonds, etc.  He solicits
a share of the business of the public in his line and
promises every-reasonable effort to please.
M. K. McMULLIN  CO.-No matter what the
condition of business may be temporarily, it never pays
to lose sight of the fact that potentially the country is
always prosperous.  Nor is it profitable to forget just
where the sources of our national wealth really are
located.
Between investment and speculation sometimes there
is more distinction than difference. In compliance with
the laws of Pennsylvania, stock brokers' offices are now
so conducted that the forms of speculation most objectionable are bought and
sold under conditions that attach to each speculative
transaction  certain  investmnent  feattures.  The  speculator, to be stire, accepts larger risks; in return, if he
hits the market right, 1-ie receives proportionate profits;
courage ofttimes is temp}ered with  discretion.  Thlose
September 3, i865. His father was Henry Martyn
Hall, ancl his m-other Abbey Hubblell Hall, both born
and rearecl ill New York City. HEis f athler is a retired
merchant. His granclfather Hall was a New York shipping i-nerchant, ancld his grandf ather Hubbell a New
York lawyer, a f act which ii-ay explain thle comubination of btisiness ilnstilict and the quick insight into the
legal phlases of business affairs whichl he is known to
possess to a remnarkable clegree.  He is of thle eighth
generation in America on all four lines of descent of the
New England ancestry. He received his literary ancl
school in Titulsville, Pa.
Mr. Hall's first bulsiness occtl-pation in life was as a1-l
assistant in his father's general store.  Later, f or ten
years, he wvas actively engagecl in pipe-lin-e -construlctioli work f or the Standard Oil Comnpany. His early
experience brotight him into mer'canltile toulch1 with manulfacttirers all throulgh this' section, while the latter
widened and broadelned this early training.  He is now
a mnember and president of the Pittsbturgh Stock Exchange, where he brings into tise the knowledge gained
in the above named experiences. He is, hlowever, essenitially of a construlctive tem1peramaent with a strong desire always to tilidertake and develop sittiations and conclitions in etiibryo or tindertone and place them where
they belong.  This he has done in a ntumber of lnotable
instances in Pittsbturghl and vicinity in recent years.
As a broker Mr. Hall is recognizecl as a wise adviser. Hde tells his clients that Pittsburgh sectirities are
saf e, that they pay a high incomne and always have a
ready market-three very excellent recommendations.
His bonc offerings net 5 to 6 per cent., and his rep1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111itation is stuch that 1-ie can with conficlence refer his patrons
to any bank in Pittsburgh1. His acldress is 240 Fotirth
Aventie, Pittsburgh.
Besicles the presiclency of the local stock exchanlge,
M/r. Hall is president of the Dtuqtuesne Light Co., treastirer of the Pittsburgh ancl Allegheny Telephone Company, a director of a number of other enterprises, a
large holder of Fourth Avenue real estate, and one of
the builders and owners of the famous "Bellefield
Dwellings," said to be the finest apartment houses in
Pittsburgh. He also has a farm and country residence
near Aspinwall, where he delights to give the newsboys
and bootblacks of the city a big picnic and a bigger dinner every once in a while.
Mr. Hall was married at Oakland, Md., on August
7, 1897, to Miss Francis P. Clapp, a daughter of Col.
Clapp, of Washington, D. C. They have two interesting
children, Anna Pearson and Rosalie Goodman. Mr.
Hall is a member of several social, business and patriotic
organizations, including the Union Club, the Pittsburgh
Country Cltib, the Pittsbturgh1 Chamnber of Comnmer-ce,
the Sons of the Revoltition, and others.
WVith all his strenuous and seemningly imnperative
duties Mr. Hall finds timne to clevote consiclerable atten50   T H E   S T O R Y   O F  P I T T S B U R G H
who believe in the old maxim "Nothing venture, nothing
have" on occasions display great knowledge and rare
good judgment. Where the anticipated profit justifies
the risk many men will cheerfully take chances. Out of
a thousand who have been unusually successful in obtaining wealth, at least go per cent., to a certain extent,
have speculated.
A stock broker receives commissions. In return
therefore he assists his clients, so far as may be, to speculate successfully. Upon a broker's character, information, judgment and facilities depend more or less his
clients' prospects of success.  In any confidential relation the personal equation is a factor of importance. To
those who engage in speculation, how necessary is the
selection of a thoroughly reliable broker is constantly
apparent.
In Pittsburgh, which is recognized as a center of
speculative activity, few, if any, brokerage offices are
better known than those of M. K. McMullin  Co., at
4I 9 Wood Street, where are offered to the investing
public every facility for trading in New York, Chicago
and local stocks and bonds. Years ago M. K. McMullin,
who now dominates the company that bears his name,
opened an inconspicuous office. For a while he was
modestly successful. To-day there are not w anting testimonials to his business ability and standing.
Though in the beginning he was but a broker doing
business in a small way, at present he is associated in
various important enterprises with some of Pittsburgh's
most respected capitalists. He is strong financially and
ably looks after large invesments of his own money.
A keen trader and skilled in turning to good advantage
every favorable opportunity, by experience and discernment he knows how and when to engage in speculative
ventures.  An excellent type of the successful broker,
M. K. McMullin is something more. He is a sagacious
counsellor-a "straight tip" from him is eagerly sought
for; in the little circle of financiers, in which he now
moves, his judgment is accorded great weig ht. Initiative
and constructive ability combined with capital secure
consideration everywhere.
GEO. W. MACMULLEN  CO.-The brokerage
firm of Geo. W. MacMullen  Co., composed of Geo.
W. MacMullen and Sanford B. Evans, has risen into
prominence among the financial concerns of this city
in the six years of its history. Formed in I902, it has
grown steadily, until now every branch of the stock,
grain and bond brokerage business is included in its
scope.
The firm holds membership in the Pittsburgh Stock
Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade, and is directly connected by private wires with the New York,
Philadelphia and Boston Stock Exchange and Chicago
Board of Trade houses.  Its business includes investment and margin trading in Pittsburgh, Boston and
New York stocks, Chicago grain and provisions, and
investment bonds.  Considerable  attention  has been
given also to unlisted securities, and the firm is recognized as the leading brokerage concern dealing in oil
and natural gas securities.
Mr. MacMullen has been engaged almost continuously f or 27 years in the brokerage business in its various phases. Mr. Evans represents the firm on the floor
of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange.
The firm's offices comprise a commodious suite of
rooms on the third floor of the Union Bank Building at
Wood Street and Fourth Avenue, in the heart of the
financial district.
HARRY A. MARLIN-Mr. Marlin has long been
a conspicuous figure on the local Wall Street, his offices
being at 237 Fourth Avenue, where he conducts an extensive general brokerage business in stocks and bonds.
He is also quite prominent as a member of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange, of which he is president. His
business was established in I899, but in the comparatively short period ensuing it has been placed upon a
firm foundation by his good judgment and wise management.
Mr. Marlin has complete facilities for the purchase
and sale of stocks and bonds, local and otherwise, and
is also able to give his patrons the benefit of considerable
expert experience. He believes that Pittsburgh securities especially are a safe investment because they pay a
liberal income return and always have a ready marketthree features that recommend them to the favorable
consideration of the prudent investor. Many of his bond
offerings are said to net f rom five to six per cent.
Prospective clients may obtain reliable particulars
concerning local and other securities by consulting Mr.
Marlin by mail or in person at 237 Fourth Avenue, or
by'phone-Bell, Court, 3I27-P.  A., I 50 Main.
Mr. Marlin and his courteous assistants are ever
ready to answer, all proper inquiries and to give any advice consistent with the ethics of the business. No misrepresentation is indulged in, and patrons have consequently learned to place the most implicit confidence in
the firm.
A. E. MASTEN  CO.-The banking and brokerage firm of A. E. Masten  Co. was established in I890
and has always, since its formation, been recognized as
an important factor in local financial affairs. It does a
large general business in stocks, bonds, grain, cotton and
provisions on the second floor of the Vandergrift Building at 333 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh. The business
requires more than twenty employees besides the members of the firm which is composed of Alvin E. Masten,
George M. Paisley and Fred C. Masten, all of whom
are considered experts in their line.
The firm of Masten  Co. holds seats in the NewYork, Boston, Chicago and Pittsburgh stock exchanges,
the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Metal Exchange, and the American Bankers' Association. Their
offices are connected by private wires with correspondents in all the leading cities of the United States and
Montreal, Canada.
It will thus be seen that Masten  Co. have remarkably complete facilities for gathering financial news.
Their daily reports in the financial columns of the Pittsburgh papers are read with much interest and confidence
in their reliability. Their cable address is "Masten."
It is these many branches that enable Masten  Co.
to enjoy many advantages over most firms that are not so
fortunately situated. The firm has a reputation for honorable dealing that is well
known everywhere in Pittsburgh financial circles.
P. V. ROVNIANEK 
CO.-This firm is composed
of P. V. Rovnianek as senior
partner and Julius J. Wolf,
both of whom  are representative Austro-Hungarians
who have a large business
and social following among
their numerous countrymen
in the United States. The
partnership was established
in I88'6 by John Slovensky
and the present members.
They are dealers in foreign
exchange, bankers, steamship agents for'all linies, ancl
publishers of "The Slovak
Daily" and "American Slavonic Gazette." They have
42 employees.
Messrs. Rovnianek  Co.
have their offices at 6I2-6I4
Grant Street, Pittsburgh;
25 Avenue A, New York,
N. Y., and 305 North Water Street, Connellsville, Pa.
They deal very extensively with Austria-Hungary in
exchange, and remit money amounting to about five
and one-half millions of kronen a year.
P. V. Rovnianek, one of the members of this firm, is
the Russian imperial vice-consul for Pittsburgh, and as
such attends to much important business for the government he represents. He is honorary president of the
National Slavonic Society, at present numbering about
28,000 members, and was its founder some eighteen
years ago. He also is president of the Mortgage Banking Company, vice-president of the Guardian Fire Insurance Company, and president of the Hot Springs
Lumber  Manufacturing Co., president of the Gold
Bar Mining Company, of Goldfield, Nev., and director
in many other Pittsburgh establishments. He was born
in Austria-Hungary 41 years ago.
Mr. Julius J. Wolf was born in Hungary and is
about fifty years of age. He has charge of the New
York office of the firm and has a large business clientele
in the metropolis.  Mr. Wolf is treasurer of the National Slavonic Society, and was one of the early promoters of the firm of P. V. Rovnianek  Co. He is
connected with many New York financial institutions,
and in many instances is an officer of the same.
The success of this firm in building up an extensive
business in several important departments of enterprise
is an illustration of what can be done where industry,
integrity, skill and intelligence are the guiding and
controlling factors. Thousands of Austro-Hungarian
residents of the Pittsburgh
district are indebted to this
firm for valuable advice and
counsel as well as for business courtesies.
In  addition to  serving
their own countrymen resident in this section as bankers, agents, etc., Messrs.
Rovnianek  Co. are very
useful to this class as publishers of "T h e S lo v a k
Daily" and  the "American
S 1 a v o n i c Gazette." The
Slavish residents in the immediate Pittsburgh territory
and in the coke region depend very largely upon these
journals for good advice
and for news from the old
country, which is always
presented in the most reliable manner. These papers
are edited with care and discriminating intelligence and are said to enjoy a large
circulation among those for whom they are primarily
intended.
WHITNEY, STEPHENSON   CO. -Whitney,
Stephenson  Co. is a corporation with a capital of
$I,ooo,ooo, organized in August, I903, under the laws
of Pennsylvania, for the purpose of conducting the stock
and bond business of Whitney  Stephenson, a partnership which still exists, but which is separate and distinct
from Whitney, Stephenson  Co. The stockholders in
the latter are George I. Whitney, F. L. Stephenson and
I. M. Fickeisen.
The firm of Whitney  Stephenson was established
ALVIN E. MASTENin I87I by George I. Whitney, and the business was
conducted under his name until I884, when the present
firin name was adopted.
The partners in this firm are George I. Whitney and
F. L. Stephenson, and there has never been any change
in its composition since the firm was established thirtysix years ago.
Before the organization of the firm, both partners
had had practical experience in the banking business.
Mr. Whitney had been Teller in the Citizens' National
Bank, one of the first of the Pittsburgh banks to reorganize under the National Banking Act. Mr. Stephenson had been Cashier of the Farmers' Deposit National,
one of the leading financial institutions of Allegheny
County, and was favorably known in financial circles.
The firm of Whitney 
Stephenson is largely engaged in a numnber of mining and manufacturing enterprises in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Montana, North Carolina, etc., as well as in
the Island of Santo Doningo. It was due to these
manifold interests which began to  occupy more and
mnore the firm's attention,
that the move was made for
the incorporation of Whitney, Stephenson  Co. to
take over the stock and bond
business of the firm.
Mr. I. M. Fickeisen, who
had long been in the employ
of the old firm, was made
manager of Whitney, Stephenson  Co., and still occupies that position.
The offices of Whitney,
Stephenson  Co. occupy
the south half of the first story of the Frick Building.
They are the most commodious brokerage offices in the
country and are equipped with all the facilities for transacting business in the world's markets. The capital of
the company, $I,ooo,ooo, is probably the largest of any
strictly commission brokerage house in the State, and
gives it a special advantage in the handling of large
accounts.
As stated, Whitney, Stephenson  Co. are the oldest
Pittsburgh members of the New York Stock Exchange.
They also own three seats in the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange and are members of the Chicago Board of Trade
and the Chicago Stock Exchange. The position which
the company holds in the financial community has been
built, first, upon the experience as bankers of its original
founders; secondly, upon the ample capital and credit
at the command of the firm, and finally, upon the modern facilities which are provided for handling the business of clients.
JOHN  A. WOOD, JR.-John A. Wood, Jr., a
member of the Pittsburgh Stock Exchange, has been in
the stock and bond brokerage business for the past year
or two at I208-I209 Peoples' Bank Building, 307
Fouirth Avenue.
Mr. Wood is the son of Capt. John A. Wood, who
for so many years was actively connected with the coal
mining and shipping interests of the Monongahela, Ohio
and Mississippi Valleys, and was employed by his father
tip to the time of the sale of the coal business to'the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co., at
which time the elder Mr.
Wood retired  from  active
business and the son was
appointed division engineer
for the coal company, which
position he held until ill
health, brought on by exposure about the mines, necessitated his finding different
emlployment.
Asked to give an expression of opinion concerning
the future of Pittsburgh and
suggest any change which
would  improve conditions,
Mr. Wood said:
"Having been in the
brokerage business such a
short time, it seems hardly
in place for me to express
an  opinion  in  connection
with this line of business.
"Some of the cuts to be
used in'The Story of Pittsburgh,' bring to my mind
the experiences of former years in the coal mining and
shipping business, and are forcible lessons to Pittsburghers pointing to the necessity for the long delayed
river improvements which would enable Pittsburgh to
conduct cheap transportation during nine or ten months
of the year, when not interfered with by the ice.
"The photographs referred' to were taken in the summer of I895 when the long drought tied tip Pittsburgh's
river commnerce froin the middle of April until the last
week of November, at which latter date there had acculmulated in the harbor over I,ooo,ooo tons of coal and
steel products. The eleven years elapsed since that date
have witnessed some progress by the government, but,
unless arrangements are made to accelerate the improvements, the present generation will have passed into history before our hopes are realized."
GEORGE I. WHITNEYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    53
This opinion coming from an experienced river man
ought to help awaken the public to the magnitude and
importance of Pittsburgh's river traffic, and how that
traffic, great as it is, could be enormously increased by
adequate improvements along the three local streams.
An aroused public sentiment working through members
of congress, Mr. Wood thinks, is the only way to accomplish any legislation to fit the importance of the situation.
The sentiments expressed in this interview show that
Mr. Wood is not narrowed down to a selfish interest in
his own private business alone, but indicate a patriotic
concern for the welfare of the city at large.  It is believed that if the business men of Pittsburgh generally
could arrive at some working plan of co-operation, as
many of them like Mr. Wood have already done, and
present the enormous tonnage of the district in the proper
light, public sentiment would soon spur the government
to action.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES
THE MODERN COMPANY NOW RELIEVES THE INVESTOR OF MUCH
RESPONSIBILITY
Investors in quest of high-grade investment securities
that have the glitter and solidity of gold, need not seek
markets outside of Pittsburgh. The financial institutions
of the Smoky City are invariably in position to give all
data and minute detail concerning the investment securities they handle, and the information is not that furnished
by books and pamphlets, but comes from the fountainhead, having been obtained by analysis and rigid personal
investigation.
For this reason the financial institutions of Pittsburgh occupy a unique position and offer opportunities
to i nvestors that cannot be had in any other city, not
even excepting New York. Then, too, securities of every
character, gas, electric light, electric railway and railroad
are to be had upon the most advantageous terms and at
prices prevailing in the market upon the hour they are
purchased by the investor.
MUNICIPAL  CORPORATION SECURITIES
CO.-The Municipal  Corporation Securities Co. was
incorporated December, 1902, and began business February, I903. Its business is the buying and selling of
high-grade investment bonds; not dealing in stocks of
any kind. The kind of bonds bought and sold by this
company are city, borough, school, traction, waterworks,
coal and high-grade public utility bonds.
The company's paid-up- capital is $200,000; its Pittsburgh office is in the Bank for Savings Building, with
branch offices in five different cities.
Preceding the establishment of the Municipal  Corporation Securities Co. there was no separate and (listinct bond house in the city of Pittsburgh which made a
business of buying outright entire issues of bonds carefully investigated by counsel as to legality of issue, and
the  physical properties  investigated by  engineers  of
known standing and integrity.
The bonds offered to investors and financial institutions in the Pittsburgh district were handled by outside
corporations who made their offering through their city
or traveling representatives.
Having a wide experience in the operating of public
utilities the Messrs. Kuhn realized the large possibilities
of a first-class bond house.  Now  it has become a national factor in most of the States of the Union, besides
securities held in England, Germany, France, Holland
and Italy. The company is composed of such wellknown and well-established financiers as James S. Kuhn,
who is president; W. S. Kuhn, vice-president; L. L.
McClelland, secretary and treasurer, J. H. Purdy, L.
M. Plumer, John W. Herron and Hugh Young.
MERCANTILE AGENCY
THE INDUSTRIAL WORLD HAS LEARNED TO VALUE THIS NECESSARY ADJUNCT TO BUSINESS
Daniel Webster said: "Credit has done more, a
thousand times, to enrich nations, than all the mines of
all the world." When you come to think of it, the foundation upon which rests the entire financial and commercial structure is Credit. Without credit and its numerous
instruments, it would be impossible to move the commerce
of the world in its present volume. Of the many definitions given commercial credit, perhaps the simnplest is
that it is evidence of postponed payment, for the day
of settlement must come. In the United States last year
the settlements effected through the country's clearinghouses averaged three billion dollars a week.
While credit enables the user to do a more extensive
business than his actual capital would handle if his purchases were all for cash, there must be a proper proportion of moneyed capital or other property in his possession for his ventures to rest upon, if he is to use his
credit with safety to himself and to those who extend
credit. Among the prime constituents of individual
credit may be mentioned a man's reputation in his community; his financial resources; his experience; his attention to business; his present habits; his past record,
and his manner of meeting obligations. In deciding upon
credit risks, investigation, intelligence and ripe judgment must be exercised, and when a conclusion is reached,
it then becomes necessary to exercise constant vigilance
in order to detect any lapse in the individual or his affairs
which would impair the foundation of credit.
The necessities of the merchant, the manufacturer and
the banker brought into existence what is known as the
Mercantile Agency, which has come to be recognized as
the expert in the investigation of credits. The Mercantile Agency  furnishes ratings and commercial reportsP I T -T S I3 U R G H
Over $4,000,000 is spent by the company yearly to
keep under constant revision, through its various
branches, over I,500,000 traders.  Each branch office
has a compact territory, with which the local manager
and a staff of experienced assistants are entirely familiar
and in constant cotmunication.  Its reference book is
kept so entirely up to date that an average of 3,000
changes are made in the ratings for every working day
in the week. The book contains complete lists of all
banking, trust and fire insurance companies, with necessary data, collection laws of each State, the negotiable
instrument law, and States and territories that have
adopted it in detail.  The classification of names by
trades and the minutely correct maps of each State, with
the additional fact that R. G. Dun  Co. are publishing
"Dun's Review," for the benefit of the foreign trade, in
English, French, Spanish and German, make the book
one of the most valuable issued anywhere for any purpose.
The Pittsburgh office of R. G. Dun  Co. was established in I 852 and is in charge of A. B. Wigley. During Mr. Wigley's administration of affairs in this district branches have been established at Wheeling, Canton, Youngstown, Zanesville and East Liverpool, and the
corps at the Pittsburgh office has been increased from
17 to 62 workers. The office serves as the headquarters
for western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and part of
West Virginia, affairs being directed from a suite of
offices on the third floor of the Westinghouse Building,
where 3,000 square feet of space is occupied.
54   T H  E   S T O R Y   O F
upon the standing of individuals, firms and corporations,
and supplements and strengthens the labors of the individual Credit Man, who is now a recognized employee of
all large establishments.
R. G. DUN  CO.-Doing business on creditand what business house does not?-owes no small
measure of its effectiveness to R. G. Dun  Co., the
Mercantile Agency, the oldest, largest and most complete organization of its kind in the world. It is this
company's business to look up the rating of a prospective buyer to protect the house he intends to buy from.
How well it does that work is illustrated by the f act that
it issues quarterly to its customers a book giving the
ratings of I,500,000 traders of the country.  Traders
or people not in this book are speedily looked up on
request through a perfectly organized system of agencies
that embraces the whole world. Its clients under contract include the leading manufacturers, wholesale and
jobbing houses and bankers of the United States and
Canada, besides the business of its foreign offices. The
total number of the R. G. Dun  Co. subscribers is
greater than those of all other agencies combined.
This wonderful system of securing credit information grew out of an enterprise began in a small way in
1841, when it was inaugurated in the interest of a limited number of New York merchants as a means of
systematizing the gathering of credit information and
pooling the expense of obtaining it. Gradually its scope
was enlarged to take in other cities and other countries.THE prudent man always provides for the
future, but it was not until life insurance was
established that the head of the household,
possessed of ordinary means, saw his way
clear to leaving his family with an income that would
meet all reasonable demands. In former days life insurance was experimental rather than practical, but now it
is on a substantial scientific basis. There is, to-day, no
surer protection of the home and provision for the wife
and children, bereft of the bread earner, than life insurance. Pittsburgh is a liberal patron of this form of
laying up something for the inevitable "rainy day" that
is pretty sure to strike every home in the land at some
time.
About forty life companies are represented in Pittsburgh, all doing a marvelous business. When it is statecl
that one alone of these companies wrote policies in the
past year amounting to $I4,000,000, some idea may be
gained of the enormous total for all concerns.
The insurance laws are now more stringent than
ever. The late investigations into the affairs of the
larger and wealthier companies have all tended to reduce
the office expenses of companies. Besides, laws have
been passed which give greater protection to the policyholder, and guarding his or her interest, abating many
technicalities that vitiated a policy taken out in good faith.
THE MUT UAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANY-Mr. Joseph J. Tillinghast is now General Agent for western Pennsylvania for the Mutual
Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark, N. J., "The
Leading Annual Dividend Company" of the country.
This company owes its (distinction to the adherence
of successive managements to the principles of mutuality.
55
Sixty-two years of unwavering faith in these principles by a large class of discriminating insurers to whom
intrinsic merit appeals, supported by zealots agents of
the highest professional sense, have built up the company to its present imposing proportions and national
importance.
By seeking out judicious buyers for the company's
essentially protective policies, framed to carry into
effect the name of the company, which pledges the application of the good of the whole to the affairs of each
one, its agents have established a company structurally
without a superior. The adhesive quality of its membership is especially noteworthy and due to the members
having been skillfully written liberal policies which
fitted their respective needs.
The adoption in 1879 of a general non-forfeiture
system, which definitely secured to each member the
equity which was his mathematically and morally, enabled the company to market its policies at a relatively
low and just cost. Its growth has, therefore, been an
advantage to its old members as well as to the State, and
is now only limited by the capacity of the people to appreciate merit, and the company's traditional administrative policy, which is at once the company's best asset
and the policyholders' best guarantee of just and liberal
treatment.
During the past two years of reconstruction in life
insurance, the Mutual Benefit has increased in size and
strength.
The much-talked-of meritorious policies of reform
which have been put into force or are now proposed have
been part and parcel of its practice for many years. The
company was, accordingly, dismissed in the report of
the New Jersey Senate Committee, appointed to inves-,Ajk
VI  L          44        2  L              _- It                            I  L
Recognized Reliability of Pittsburgh's Life, Fire and Title
Insurance- Careful Adjustment and Prompt PaymentReal Estate Representatives Ably Promote City's Growthtigate all life insurance companies in the State, in a
paragraph pregnant with praise.
The company has paid to policyholders to January
I, 1907, $239,340,665.25, and has accumulated to their
credit, to guarantee outstanding  policies, $105,589,g8. Io. Its benefits to policyholders, therefore, exceeded
their premium  payments on the date named by $49,802,047. I 3.
Its outstanding insurance, all of which has been
written in the healthful portions of the United States,
aggregated $422,200,906 on January I, I907.
The company has always been a favorite with Pittsburghers, although it has
limited its risks on single
lives to $50,000.
The General Agent of
the company for western
Pennsylvania, Joseph J.
Tillinghast, is a gentlemian
who has devoted practically
all of his years in business
to the service of the Mlutual Benefit, h e hav i n g
spent twenty years with
this company. The Pittsburgh offices of the company are on the fourth
floor of the Farmlers' Bank
Building.
BERKSHIRE L I F E
INSURANCE COMPANY-As general agents
for the well-known and reliable Berkshire Life Insurance Company, English 
Furey occupy an enviable
position in this city.
Scarcely a greater complimnent could be paid to
t h e Be r k s h i r e and its
agency than the announcement of the length of time
the company has successfully competed for business
in Pittsburgh.  Established in this city on January
I, I870, in the years that have intervened the Pittsburgh agency of the Berkshire Life Insurance Company certainly has earned its proper share of insurance honors and emoluments. George W. English, the
brother of the present senior general agent of the Berkshire, was originally in charge of the Pittsburgh agency.
He did so well that from Pittsburgh he was promoted to
New York and assigned the management of the Berkshire Company's business in the States of New York
and New Jersey.  Long before this, on the excellent
showing he had made as an agent, H. D. W. English
had become his brother's partner. The advancement of
his brother naturally secured for H. D. W. English
the position of lnanager of the Pittsburgh agency. Thus
~placed, for years he has served in a most acceptable
mnanner the company and its numerous policyholders in
western Pennsylvania.  In January, I906, Mr. English
took his nephew, W. MI. Furey, into partnership, the
style of the firm now being "English  Furey, General
Agents." The local general agency of the Berkshire Life
Insurance Company is at 34I Fourth Avenue.
THE NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VERMONT-It is well known that the National Life Insurance Coinpany of Vermont has been,
in m a ny instances, the
originator of ideas, which,
properly developed, h a v e
proved  advantageous and
beneficial to the greatest
degree to policyholders.
The National Life Insurance Comnpany of Vermont, established in I850,
is a purely mutual organization.  It has no stockholders, no little clique of
insiders to absorb fortunes
from  the sums paid in by
those who purchase insurance.  In the 57 years of
its existence this company
has sought not to pile up
assets year after year in
pyramided millions, not to
secure surplus funds sufficient to acquire a controlling influence in Wall Street
affairs, not to maintain a
financial suzerainty, but to
reach the highest attainment in investment and insurance construction. This was done when was devised
the Investment Insurance Trust Bond.
Originated and written only by the National Life
Insurance Company of Vermnont, the Investment Insurance Trust Bond is a contract combining all the desirable features of life and investmnent insurance.  It is a
definite agreemnent to pay a specific sum of money at a
designated date or at prior death of the purchaser.  It
covers completely every method ever devised for a distribution of the proceeds over a period beyond the time
of maturity of the bond.  It combines in one simple
agreement every desirable privilege, condition or opportunity ever devised or offered singly under other contracts.  It is so constructed that it will adjust itself to
every demand or desire of the purchaser or the beneFREDERICK FRELINGHUYSEN, PRESIDENT MUTUAL
BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYT H E   S T O R. Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    5
The first half year's experience in the Pittsburgh
agency with the standard laws of New York and the
"Standard" policy was completed June 3o, and the results have now been tabulated. A comparison with the
first half of last year in various respects will be of interest.
off ers
terests
f amily
ity.
f rom
in I0,
ficiary. It is absolutely saf e. To the purchaser it
every provision calculated to best conserve his in
while living, and in event of death secures to his f
the perfected protection against subsequent calam
These bonds are issued in any denomination
$500 to $25,000, maturing for their face values
15, 20,.25, 30, 35 or 40 years, or at prior death
purchaser. Bonds immediately delivered on paym,
first of the Io, I5, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 annual dep
constituting  the purchase price.  No  interest wi
charged on the deferred deposits if made on or
the dates upon which they fall due.
All this and the many other advantages pertain
the Investment Insurance Trust Bond have bee
plained and demonstrated so convincingly and effec
through the campaign inaugurated and direct
Edward O'Neil, the Pittsburgh General Agent (
National Life Insurance Company, that in this section
there now is a large and constantly increasing nu
of satisfied policyholders.
A man with the ability requisite to be a decide
cess in the insurance world is not usually devc
achievements made along other lines. Aside from
influential position with the National Life Insu
Company of Vermont, Mr. O'Neil is financially strong
Both in this city and in Sewickley, where he has;
handsome home, he is associated with various int
that are of a high order of importance.
EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIE
The strongest agency in Pittsburgh handling polic
insurance and annuities is that conducted by Edwar
Woods individually and occupying the second flo
the Frick Building, Pittsburgh, one of the finest
buildings in the world. This agency controls all of
sylvania west of the Susquehanna River, part of
Virginia and a few counties in eastern Ohio.
The Pittsburgh agency of the Equitable Life
ance Society of the United States leads all the ag
of the society in paid-for business.  It was estab
November I, 1880, when Dr. George Woods comm
business in two rooms on the third floor of the
Clintock Block, then the finest office building in th
But one of the two rooms was furnished, and hi
the present manager, was the sole office, agenc
janitor  force. There were then no electric cars, no
tric lights, no natural gas, no automobiles; telel
and typewriters were scarcely known; bicycles wer
in practical use; passenger elevators were still a n
in New York City, and the McClintock Block w
only office building in Pittsburgh equipped withone small passenger elevator; there was but one
company, and many of the leading banks of to-day
not in existence. The country, the city, life assu
The Equitable and the Pittsburgh agency have dev
marvelously since that time.
of the       During these six months we forwarded to the society
Lent o f  $5,701,527 of new  business, an increase of $I,II9,627
eposits   or 24.4 per cent. over the same time of last year.
will be      During four of the first six months we exceeded the
before   corresponding months of last year; our May business
exceeding by $1 I I,81 2 the previous record for that
ing to   month in the twenty-seven years of this agency.
n ex-        With much recent business still unsettled, our paid
ctually   new  premiums are 22 per cent. larger.  The business
ed by   was produced by I40  agents, securing I,3II applications,
of the   over 85 per cent. of which were accompanied by settlerection   ments.  The average business per producing agent was
umber   25.3 per cent. larger.
In addition to the increase of new business, our
d suc-   restorations of policies previously lapsed increased 16:)id of   per cent., having  restored  242 policies for $583,264.
)m  his   Our lapse rate decreased 39.7 per cent.
urance        Including previous insurance, there have been placed
strong.   upon the-books of this agency in this time policyholders
a very   as follows:  One for $350,000, one for $300,000, one
terests  for $270,000, one for $250,000, one for $186,ooo, one
for $I5o,ooo, one for $I I5,ooo, one for $IO5,000,
seven for $IOO,ooo, one for $75,ooo, one for $63,000,
TY-    and  one  for $5o,ooo.  This  record  has never. been
ies of   equalled in the Pittsburgh agency.
ard A.        We have contracted with 72 new agents, an increase
or of   of 45,, and terminated 21 contracts, a decrease of II.
office   From our new agents many of whose contracts have
Penn-   been but recently made   17 in June-we have secured
West   102 applications for $2I7,750.
During this period we have paid through this agency
Assur-   $388,647 in death claims, all but one within 24 hours of
gencies  receipt of proofs, and that one within 48 hours.
blished       We have paid and loaned to policyholders $ I,129,menced  853.76.  Policyholders paid off go per cent. more loans
Se Mc-   on policies than dtiring the first half of 1906.
he city.     We settled I40, maturing policies for $490,000, upon
is son,  which the dividends, which could have been withdrawn
y and in cash, amounted to $Io4,04.68  or.4 per cent. of
o elec-  the total premiums paicl.                           eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeewwwweeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
phones        The amount of insurance in force in the Pittsbturgh
re not   agency increased $I,883,465.92.
novelty      As to the future prospects of his great agency, Mr.
as the   Woods saif:  "In a district where five times as much
even   money is being paid annually for State, county ancd`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` city
trust  taxes; twice as much  for jewelry; fourteen times as
y were   much for liquors; as much for amusements; as much for
urance,  pianos, and as much  f or tobacco  as is paid to  The``
veloped   Equitable for life assurance; in a district where, notwithstanding its great wealth, 89 per cent. of adults58   T H E   S T O R Y   O F.P I T T S B U R G H
dying leave no estate w hatever, 96.8 per cent. leave less
than $5,ooo, and 98.6 per cent. leave less than $IO,OOO,
the Pittsburgh agency with its enlarged territory, unsurpassed for its wealth-producing population, has no limit
to future progress.  Only a fraction of the field has
been even partially cultivated. More than two-thirds of
its business is secured from one-tenth, of its counties
containing only one-third of the total population of the
territory. Four-fifths of its business is secured from
one-fifth of the territory with less than half the total
population. Thirty-seven counties containing a population of I,639,433 produce only one-tenth of its business
and are thus practically undeveloped."
Edward A. Woods was born January I, I865  and is
the son of Dr. George Woods, for many years Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania. He
is a resident of Sewickley; Director of the National
Bank of Western Pennsylvania, of the National Insurance Company, of the Union Savings Bank, and of the
Iron City Trust Company. Mr. Woods is also treasurer
of the Pittsburgh Orchestra, of the Pittsburgh Art Society, the Alliance Francaise, and of the Sewickley Valley Hospital. He is a liberal giver to charity. He also
practices what he preaches concerning the gospel of
assurance, being one of the heaviest insured men in the
State,paying premiums on $5oo,ooo. He is a deep
student and has probably the finest library in the
Sewickley Valley.
FIRE INSURANCE
THE MODERN BUSINESS MAN HAS WELL LEARNED TO APPRECIATE ABSOLUTE PROTECTION
The business man and the home owner is wise when
he protects his stock in trade and guards his investment
in a home with insurance. The fire insurance of Pittsburgh totals hundreds of millions and is growing every
year.
The complete fire loss in Pittsburgh annually is small
compared to other cities of the same class and population.
This is owing in a great measure to the efficiency of the
fire department of the city and the complete water service, unsurpassed by any other municipality in the
country.
The fire insurance companies of Pittsburgh, besides
doing a large share of the home underwriting, have
agencies in other cities, where their reputation for honest
dealing and quick settlement has commended them to
the confidence of the public.  There are sixteen local
companies, all managed along the most conservative lines.
Their officers and directors are Pittsburghers of wealth
and well-known business probity. But these companies,
solvent as they are, could not undertake to handle all the
risks offered in this community, and this fact accounts
for the representation in Pittsburgh of I25 companies
organized in other States.
G. M. ALEXANDER  SON-Pittsburgh is coming to be recognized as the home of fire insurance companies, and those whose home offices are located in the
district find formidable rivals in the many brokerage
firms which thrive here. Chief among these is the firm
of G. M. Alexander  Son, with offices in the new Union
Bank Building. No insurance firm in the city has a
stronger array of companies to offer to its patrons. The
Roval, New Hampshire, Niagara, Rochester, German,
British America Assurance and Granite State Fire represent all that is substantial and trustworthy in the insurance field. The firm was handling the insurance lines
of the Joseph Horne Company, at the time of that company's big fires in I897 and I900. G. M. Alexander 
Son was established in 1895 by G. M. Alexander, the
leading factor in the business to-day being Joseph Shea
Alexander. G. M. Alexander was born near Bridgeville, Allegheny County, July 7, 1828, and died in Pittsburgh February 25, I9o6. Joseph Shea Alexander was
born March 4, I870, the son of G. M. and Margaret
Ellen Alexander. Mr. Alexander is a member of the
Pittsburgh Board of Trade, Automobile Club of Pittsburgh, Iron City Fishing Club), Hailman Lodge No.
32I, F.  A. M. (Past Master), Pittsburgh Chapter No.
268, R. A. M., Tancred Commandery No. 48, K. T.,
Syria Temple A. A. O. M. S., and Pennsylvania Consistery, S. P. R. S., thirty-second degree.
AMMON  LITTLE-The insurance firm of Ammon  Little is experienced and successful and has gained
peculiar distinction since its establishment in April, I899.
Its high standing in the insurance world and with its
customers, gained in less than ten years, is an auspicious
augury of its future career, and its connection with only
well-known and conservative companies is a significant
factor in its prosperity.
Upon the dissolution of the Merchants'  Manufacturers' Insurance Co. in I899, the vice-president of that
company, August Ammon, and the assistant secretary,
James Little, formed a partnership as insurance agents,
which continued until the death of Mr. Ammon on May
5, 1902. The business was then taken over by Mr. Little, who has since carried on the affairs of the concern
under the original firm name with a degree of success
that has been remarkable.
Ammon  Little is the representative agent for the
famous Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford,
Conn., whose square dealing with policyholders and its
conservative and wise management have made it one of
the biggest concerns of its kind in the country. It also
represents the London Assurance Corporation of London, Eng., the Boston Insurance Company, of Boston,
Mass., and the Concordia Fire Insurance Company, of
Milwaukee, Wis., which companies by their large dividends, safe investments, and liberal contracts demnonstrate their safety and equity."Squire Ammon," as he was familiarly called, died
in Pittsburgh on May 5, I902.
James Little, the surviving member of the firm, was
also born on the first of June, but some 35 years later,
at Pittsburgh. He has been in the fire insurance business continually since I879.  His office is 42I Wood
Street.
THE "C. P. CAMPBELL INSURANCE
AGENCY"-To write a policy, to accept a risk; to
pay a premium, to secure protection; in the transactions
of fire insurance, either fromn the points of view of the
company or the policyholder, the agent has a good deal
to do. The selection of the right insurance agency sometimes means more than the choice of a bank.  Established in Pittsburgh, in I869, representing some of the
strongest and most reliable fire insurance companies in
Great Britain and the United States, the "C. P. Campbell Insurance Agency" is in a position to satisfy the most
exacting demands of any honest seeker after fire insurance. Having the western Pennsylvania agency for
the "London and Lancashire" and the "Orient," companies that paid to their San Francisco policyholders,
on account of the earthquake fire, $8,750,000, the largest amount ever paid by any company because of one
disaster, and then had left a surplus of $I,341,4I9;
Pittsburgh agents for the Caledonian Insurance Company, the oldest Scottish insurance institution, the Colonial Insurance Company of New York, the Federal
Insurance Company of New Jersey, and the Ben Franklin Insurance Company of Allegheny, at the Campbell
office, at 237 Fourth Avenue, is to be obtained fire insurance not only of the best description, but of unquestioned reliability.  In A. Campbell Stewart, the manager of the "C. P. Campbell Insurance Agency," the
companies above named have certainly secured a worthy
and most successful representative.
W. L. CLARK COMPANY-Perhaps no insurance
agency of Pittsburgh is more widely and well known
than the W. L. Clark Company. All classes of insurance are handled by it with the exception of life insurance, and as regards volume of business and the character of the companies represented, this company is one
of the foremost in Pittsburgh.
The company has a thoroughly  organized  and
equipped insurance office at 307 Fourth Avenue, but does
not confine its operations to the Pittsburgh district alone.
Insurance may be placed by it in any part of the United
States and Canada.  It has a New York City branch
office at 95 William Street. This is a distinctive feature
of the concern, no other insurance firln of Pittsburglh
having a New York office. It also has a correspondent
in London for placing its foreign insurance.
Fire, marine, plate glass, boiler, automobile, and in
fact insurance against all accidents incident to the location in a community where activity is great and risks
correspondingly numerous, is placed by this company.
It represents the following companies: The Sun Insurance Company, of London, Eng.; the Spring Garden
Company, of Philadelphia; the Insurance Underwriters;
the Richmond Insurance Company, of New Jersey; the
Pacific; the Stuyvesant; the Insurance Company of
North America; the Maryland Casualty Company, of
Baltimore, and the U. S. Lloyds, of New York City.
The last two companies insure automobiles.
The firm was established in I9o6 with a corporate
capital of $5o,ooo. W. L. Clark is the president, and
the other officers are C. H. Shaner, W. F. Kleber and
A. E. Claney.
COLLINGWOOD   SON--The corporation of
Collingwood  Son is one of the oldest insurance firms
in Allegheny County, having been established in I853.
Its business is extensive and embraces all fire, rent,
tornado, employers' liability and boiler insurance. Its
officers are in the Columbia Bank Building at Fourth
Avenue and Wood Street.
The company was established as a partnership between Robert C. Loomis and William Collingwood under the firm name of Loomis  Collingwood. This firm
was dissolved by mutual consent May I, I885, and a
new firm organized under the name of William Collingwood  Son, William and David F. Collingwood constituting the company until the death of the former in
November, I902, at which time M. L. Collingwood,
widow of William Collingwood and mother of David
Collingwood, entered the firm. January I, I907, the
corporation of Collingwood  Son was effected, and
D. F. COLLINGWOOD60     T  H  E    S  T  0  R  Y    0  F    P  I XT  T  S  B  U  R  G  H
---~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mr. Kiefer has represented the North British 
Mercantile Insurance Co. of London and Edinburgh since
I882, and was appointed its resident secretary in I888
with authority to adjust losses and issue drafts in payment for the same, this being the first appointment with
this authority by any foreign or large agency company
for Pittsburgh and western Pennsylvania.
The subject of insurance in all its branches is given
special attention by this agency, the wants of insurers
are carefully considered, and the best of attention is
accorded. The agency is prepared to give the best possible service.
This office does a general insurance business, representing some of the oldest and strongest foreign and
American fire insurance companies with assets of more
than twenty-five million dollars. The companies in this
agency paid over six million dollars in the great San
Francisco fire, and have successfully withstood all the
important conflagrations of this country. All losses in
this territory are promptly adjusted and settled at this
office.
The offices are conveniently located on the third floor
of the new Commonwealth Building and are arranged
with all the modern conveniences for prompt service of
patrons. One of the recommendations of this agency
is its prompt and satisfactory dealings with most of the
prominent industries and concerns in western Pennsylvania.
E. C. KLEINMAN-Of German parentage, born in
Pittsburgh in I859, raised on a farm in Neville Township, following, until he was 30 years of age, the peaceful but not unprofitable avocation of a market gardener,
E. C. Kleinman-in later years has achieved considerable
success in banking and fire insurance brokerage.  His
office is 237 Fourth Avenue.
Though he first engaged in fire insurance brokerage,
in which business he still continues in Pittsburgh, it was
through his banking interests at McKees Rocks, perhaps, that Mr. Kleinman is best known. Until recently
he was president of the First National Bank of McKees
Rocks, which institution he helped to organize. And he
still retains the presidency of the McKees Rocks Trust
Company.
Mr. Kleinman is an Elk, an Odd Fellow and a member of the Royal Arcanum. Also he is a baseball enthusiast. Through his assistance is maintained one of
the best semi-professional teams in this part of the
country. The record made by the Coraopolis nine in the
past season is an excellent justification of Mr. Kleinman's interest in the national game.  Despite. his years
and the f act that he is a bank president, Mr. Kleinman
can slide around the bases at a gait that yet makes young
prof essionals envious.  And his ability as a twirler is
amply attested. Last summer against a strong team of
semiprofessionals he pitched a "no-hit game."
those interested are M. L. Collingwood, David F. Collingwood, who is president, and David J. McAfee, who
is secretary and treasurer.
David J. Collingwood is distinctively a Pittsburgher.
Although a Republican in politics, he was elected county
treasurer on the Citizens-Democratic ticket in 1902 and
served the county in that capacity during the years
1903-I904-1905. He is a director in the Keystone National Bank, a trustee in the Dollar Savings Bank, a
director in the Union Electric Company, a member of
the Pittsburgh Club, and a Mason of the thirty-third
degree.
EDWARDS, GEORGE  CO.- As regards responsibility, character of companies represented, and
volume of business, Edwards, George  Co. are in the
front rank- of insurance firms in this city. Organized
early in I905 by the consolidation of the insurance interests of Ogden M. Edwards  George Bros., it has become one of the biggest concerns of its kind in western
Pennsylvania and represents the largest, strongest and
best known companies in their several lines of insurance,
viz.: fire, liability, accident, burglary, boiler and plate
glass.
Ogden M. Edwards, William D. George, H. E. Mc.Kelvey and Francis S. Guthrie are the men- who are the
components of the firm-each one of able and triecl insurance experience, utmnost reliability ancl u-nquestionecl
stancling. They brought to the organization the agencies
ancl business of,their several comnpanies-a total of
seveni-whose namnes alone are a guarantee and safegulardl to each and every policyholder. Their offices aloe
at Roomn 6Io, 248 Foulrthl Avenu'e, Pittsbtirgh.
Companies representecl.        Assets Jan., I907.Aetna Insurance Company, Hartford.................... $15,95"0,844
Liverpool  London  Globe............ *12,3 3 5,96 I
National Fire of Hartford........................ 7,076,852
New   York  Underwriters................. 19.........,054,843
Firemen's of Newark...................  I.........    4,394,o68
Employers'  Liability    Assurance  Corporation.................................................  3   9   Io, 51I7
Aetna  Indemnity  Company.....................1.....,1I48,898
*United States Assets.
Those of the above companies involved in the San
Francisco disaster paid losses as follows:
Aetna Insurance Company....................... $3,500,ooo
National Fire.........................   2, 500,000
Liverpool   London    Globe..................  4, 500,000
New  York  Underwriters.................... 4,200,000
FRED W. KIEFER-One of the best known general insurance agencies in Pittsburgh is that of Fred W.
Kiefer, which was established in March, 1888, and is
now located in rooms 303 and 305 Commonwealth
Building, 3I6 Fourth Avenue.LIGGETT, LENNOX  WATKINS-This enterprising firm, although only about three years old, has
conmanded wide recognition in the local business community. It is comnposed of Dudley S. Liggett, Snowden
G. Lennox and Clarence V. Watkins, all energetic young
men-young in years, but old in valuable experience.
IMr. Liggett is a son of S. B. Liggett, secretary of the
Pennsylvania lines west of Pittsburgh, and is a graduate
of the engineering department of the Western University
of Pennsylvania. Mr. Lennox was first a messenger for
the Western Union Telegraph Company and learned the
real estate business in the office of Black  Gloninger.
He is a member of the select council from  the I 7th
ward.  Mr. Watkins was
office manager for a well
known local insurance company.
This  firm  occupies  a
suite of six rooms on the
eighth floor of the Peoples'
Bank  Building  at Fourth
Avenue and Wood Street
in the center of the financial district.  Its business
covers fire, liability, accident, burglary, boiler and
plate glass insurance, fidelity bonds, real estate and
mortgages.  It represented
the Pennsylvania lines west
of Pittsburgh in the purchase of property for track
elevation in Allegheny City,
and has been interested in
marketing  a  number  of
1 a r ge properties in the
clown-town cl i s t r i c t and
outer Penn Avenue.  With
J. H. Armstrong this firm
presented  the  site  which
was accepted for the new
post office at Penn Avenue,
Isth and I6th Streets. Its business is large and rapidly
increasing, good evidence that the public appreciate ability.
W. G. McCANDLESS  SONS-Major W. G. McCandless, president of the Allegheny County board of
fire underwriters, is the senior member of the firm of
W. G. McCandless  Sons, with offices at 243-245
Fourtlh Avenue, Pittsburgh. After serving through the
war of the rebellion, enlisting as a private in the Twelfth
Pennsylvania Infantry, and being mnustered  out as
major of the Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, he associated
himself with Major T. Brent Swearingen in the insurance business, establishing the firm of Swearingen  McCandless in I8.67, doing a local and general agency business. On the retirement of Major Swearingen, a nuimber of years ago, the firm was changed to W. G. McCandless  Son, the Major taking in his son, George
M. McCandless, as junior partner, and later, owing to
increase of the business, taking into the firm his other
son, Harry D. McCandless, the firm now being W. G.
McCandless  Sons.
This firm represents the Fire Association, Phoenix,
of Hartford; Colmmercial Union, Connecticut, of Hartford, and Assurance Company of Amnerica, being some
of the largest foreign and American companies underwriting fire, rent, marine, cyclone, steam  boiler, automobile, plate glass, burglary, accident, liability and
casualty insurance. The firm
has a large acquaintance
and enjoys a large direct
business, controlling mnany
large lines of insurance.
The Board of Underwriters was organized in
187I shortly after the Chicago fire, Major McCandless being elected president
that year, which office he
has held continuously ever
since, owing his re-elections
to his popularity amnong the
insurance profession and to
his fairness and impartiality as a presiding officer.
The Pittsburgh board is one
of the strongest organizations of its kind, and has
held together longer than
any other in the country.
Members of this firm
report Pittsburgh as one of
the best insurance centers
in the country, as property
owners and  business men
generally adhere closely to
the policy of absolute security through the elimination of all risk.
THEO. A. MOTHERAL-Mr. Motheral is one of
the best known insurance mnen of Pittsburgh, having
been successfully engaged in the business for about 25
years. He is a son of George W. Motheral, a former
steaniboat outfitter, and was born and raised in Allegheny City. He received his education at the fifth ward,
Allegheny, public school, and at Newell Institute, Pittsburgh. H4e is 4I years of age and a bachelor, although
he does not consider the latter fact as inmportant in his
business.
Mr. Motheral has been in the fire insurance business during  all of his business career, first with
MAJOR W. G. McCANDLESS62   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
the Delaware Insurance Company, then with Peter
A. Madeira, then with T. Dale Jennings. He formed
the firm of Motheral  Lea in I892, and SUCceeded that firm in I 904. His offices are in the big
Arrott Building at Fourth Avenue and Wood Street in
the midst of the down-town business and financial district, where he represents the Delaware Insurance Company, the Philadelphia Underwriters, the Franklin Fire
Insurance Company, the American Bonding Company,
the Philadelphia Casualty Compa ny, and other reliable
concerns.  He is vice-president of the Merchants' Savings  Trust Co.
Mr. Motheral finds time to take some interest in
social recreation, and is a director of the Brighton
Country Club of Allegheny, and other organizations outside of purely business connections. He has never held
or sought political office.
NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY-Shortly after the San Francisco disaster of
I906 the following item appeared in many newspapers:
"The National Union Fire Insurance Company of
Pittsburgh was one of the largest losers in the San
Francisco fire, has levied an assessment of 140 per cent.
upon its stockholders to make good the impairment of
assets. A syndicate of common stockholders and others,
including many representative business men, has subscribed the sum of $1,050,000, which is I40 per cent.
Of the capital."
Commenting on this paragraph a local journal of
wide circulation said among other flattering things:
"In the entire United States there are but one or two
other companies which have taken such an honorable
step, at great personal financial sacrifice, to make up San
Francisco losses. The personal assessment is a voluntary action, which could never have been enforced by
process of law. Other companies by the score, not only
in this country but in others, have endeavored to shirk
their legal obligations and have admitted no moral obligations whatever. The Pittsburgh business men have,
therefore, set a notable example.  It is not an inexpensive precedent, either, as we have seen, because Pittsburgh's loss was unusually heavy, and the temptation
to shirk, as so many others were doing, was large."
This action by the National Union has never been
regretted. It fully sustained its reputation for fair dealing, and since the California catastrophe its business has
shown marked gains, indicating the loyalty of its agents
and clientele.
This company was organized in I9OI, its founder
and first president being the late James W. Arrott, who
was succeeded by J. H. Willock, who was in turn succeeded by E. E. Cole, sec retary since the company's
inception. The roster of present officers and directors,
which indicates the strength of the company, is made
up of the following well known gentlemen:
Officers-E. E. Cole, president; A. W. Mellon, vicepresident; H. C. Bughman, treasurer; B. D. Cole, secretary, and J. F. Magee, assistant secretary.
Directors-Wm. L. Abbott. T. M. Armstrong, J.
Stuart Brown, H. C. Bughman, H. Buhl, Jr., E. E. Cole,
John Farrell, H. C. Frick, James B. Haines, Jr., B. F.
Jones, Jr., John H. Jones, James H. Lockhart, A. W.
Mellon, Geo. T. Oliver, D. B. Oliver, H. K. Porter, A.
C.. Robinson, Wm. B. Schiller, Leopold Vilsack, Wm.
Witherow and Edward A. W oods.
The company organized with paid-up capital of
$200,ooo, and paid-in surplus o f $Io00,ooo-each increased before the close of the year to $5oo,ooo and
$25o,ooo respectively. In I902 the capital was increased
to $750,000, and surpltls to $375,ooo, and paid in cash.
The net premium income for I9OI was $I69,ooo; for
1902, $508,000; I903, $713,000; 1904, $950,000o; 19051
$ I,1I75,000; I 9o6, $1I,230,000.
In 1904 the company paid in full losses exceeclinug
$135,000 incurred in the Baltimore and Rochester conflagrations. It paid in I906 to San Francisco loss claimants $1,356,270.
The offices of the company are in the Arrott Building.
UNION INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH-The Union Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, one of the city's strong local institutions, has
always been conducted along conservative, yet progressive, lines. It was organized in 187I and has since held
a high place in the State's fire insurance business.  Its
headquarters are in the Commonwealth Building.
The company's business is largely in Pennsylvania,
with an agency in Chicago and limited surplus lines in
New York. Its mortgage loans are all first liens Upon
improved Allegheny County property, worth double the
amount loaned. Its stock and bond investments are of
the highest class. Stockholders received 6 per cent. from
the company for 20 years without interruption until
1905, when this was increased to 7 per cent., with additions each year to the surplus.  The company's statement o f January I, I907, showed:
Assets-Mortgages, $117,589.99; bonds and stocks,
$76,125; cash in bank and office, $I2,384.78; accrued
interest on securities, $2,472.92; agents' balance, net,
$4,645.5I; book accounts, $I,292.82; total, $2I4,511 I.02. Liabilities-Capital stock, $IOO,OOO; re-insurance reserve, $32,708.25; unpaid losses, $2,62 I. II; all
other demands, $I,731.98; net surplus, $77,449.68; total,
$214,511.02. There is an authorized capital o f $200,000.
In this company's personnel are some of the most
prominent and influential business men. A. W. Mellon,
who has been president since 1884, is also president of
the Mellon National Bank. Thomas Walker, vice-president, is a well known Pittsburgh manufacturer. J. W.
J. McLain has been secretary since the company was
formed-sufficient  attest  to  his  ability.  Edwin  J.T H E   S T O R Y   O F  P I T T S B U R G II   63
Krueger, general agent, has rounded out I2 years of
creditable connection with the corporation. The directors are A. W. Mellon, Thomas Walker, James H.
Lockhart, Charles R. Fenderich, M. B. Cochran, Samuel
Jarvis, E. J. Krueger, John T. Findley, Fager J. Shidle,
Thomas C. Lazear and T. A. Mellon.
"The future of our business,  says the company's
management, "depends largely upon betterment of  the
city's water supply and upon placing fire department employees under civil service regulations, We recommend
the establishment of a high-pressure system of water
supply in the downtown or congested district, to be used
for fire purposes only, such as is now in successful operation in Philadelphia."
TITLE INSURANCE
CONVEYANCE OF TITLE GREATLY FACILITATED BY THIS METHOD
OF RELIABLE SECURITY
Title guaranteeing is the right arm of real estate
transactions in Greater Pittsburgh, for no person COntemplating buying a piece of property would pay one
cent until the title was searched and the prospective
buyer was insured  against loss.  In  Pittsburgh  title
searching and insuring gives entire satisfaction because
it is always thorough. The title is looked up clear back
to the time the Indians deeded the land to the white
settlers, and from them to the present, each sale, mortgage, lien or other transaction or incumbrance being
thoroughly looked into. Pittsburgh's foremost position
as a realty center naturally gives plenty of work to title
searchers and insurers, and in few other cities is the
work more important than in Pittsburgh, where high
values make painstaking work absolutely necessary.
UNION-FIDELITY TITLE INSURANCE COMPA NY-The Union-Fidelity Title Insurance Company
of Pittsburgh was established in February, 1903, to take
over the title insurance business and record plant of the
Fidelity Title  Trust Co., of Pittsburgh, which was
incorporated November 27, I886. The Union-Fidelity's
officers are: President, John C. Slack, who is also general counsel; title officer and secretary, John W. Chalfant, Jr.; treasurer, C. H. Taylor. The soliciting department is in charge of G. C. Highbie, who was identified with the Title Guarantee  Trust Co., of New
York, several years. The company's directors are John
C. Slack, John B. Jackson, D. E. Park, R. B. Mellon,
A. W. Mellon, John R. McGinley, J. J. Donnell, H. C.
McEldowney and Robert Pitcairn. The company is located in the Fidelity Building at 343 Fourth  Avenue,
Pittsburgh, where an able force of 64 clerks is employed.
Its financial status may be seen from the following:
Capital, $250,000; resources, $290,000; undivided
profits, $40,000; last annual dividend, October, 1906, IO
per cent.
The Union-Fidelity Company's history began with
the record plant of I873. That plant had been founded
by M. E. Cozad  Co., then became the property of the
Title Insurance Company, and in I886 was purchased,
together with the title business of the latter company,
by the Fidelity Title  Trust Co. Originally the plant
embraced extracts of county records and a locality index
and had valuable plans, surveys, family trees and other
information invaluable to title examination and not
found on record. As taken over by the Union-Fidelity
Company the plant embraced these features and others
added by the Fidelity Company, and, in addition, now
contains accurate copies of every record deed, mortgage
(open and satisfied), sheriff's deeds, wills, partition proceedings and every other proceeding affecting real estate
or the legal disabilities of persons or corporations, such
as divorce proceedings, lunacy and habitual drunkard
inquisitions, feme sole trader's petitions, and appointment of guardians and trustees.  By an elaborate indexed system, the company can tell at a glance the complete status of any lot of ground in a recorded plan or
subdivision, including the complete chain of title for
each lot from the time of the Penns or Commonwealth
ownership to the present. This locality indexing system dispenses with long and dangerous name searches.
This magnitude of information enables the company to
save the insured from possible future developments,
troublesome, at least, and in many cases involving financial loss.
Mr. Slack, the president and general counsel, one of
the best known attorneys of the Allegheny County bar,
has made a specialty of real property law. He became
title officer of the Fidelity Company in I889. Title insurance, then experimental, has become an assured fact,
supporting several established companies and filling a
long-felt need, Mr. Slack being one of its chief exponents. Mr. Chalfant, the title officer, became assistant
title officer of the Fidelity Company in May, I9OI, under
Mr. Slack.  His duties as secretary  of the  UnionFidelity are merely nominal, and his connection is,
therefore, entirely professional.
REAL ESTATE
THE SPLENDID GROWTH OF PITTSBURGH'S REAL ESTATE VALUES
DUE TO LOCAL ENERGY
With Greater New York the only city in the country
leading it in real estate value, Pittsburgh realty transactions naturally are a very pretentious and important
feature in Pittsburgh prosperity. Within the city there
are records of fabulous prices for centrally located business properties.
In Pittsburgh's outlying districts, lot plans, dotted with
modest homes bought at modest prices, illustrate better
than figures how realty activity stretches to all corners
of the Pittsburgh district. Realty operations in Pittsburgh in the last score of years have been a continual
session of buying and building on a great scale.
To the outsider there are three impressive features
in Pittsburgh realty-the high prices it is possible to get
for property, especially in the business section; the way
these values are maintained even in times of panic, and
the ability of Pittsburghers of even small means to buy
and own their own homes. It is vouchsafed that more
Pittsburghers working on salary own their own homes
than is true proportionately of any other city in the
country.
Figures compiled in 1907 give the average value of
land in Pittsburgh as $31,539 per square mile. In New
York City the valuation is $213,400 a square mile.
Boston valuations are nearly $Io,ooo a square mile
less than those in Pittsburgh, ancd St. Louis, Detroit, Baltimore and other
large cities fall far below
the Steel City's r e c o r d.
Pittsburgh's  greatest year
of building was in I90oI,
when 4,495 permits were issued for a total of $19,567,474 worth of construction enterprises.  Much of
this went into homes in the
then old city of Pittsburgh.
In the building of small
hoomes Pittsburgh has few
peers anywhllere.
THE ARONSON ENT E R P R I S E S     Take
y o u t h, ambition, ability,
energy, opportunity, perseveranlce, money, shrewdness
and  good  judgment, add
them together, multiply by
four and the result is-the
Aronson enterprise.
In Pittsburgh, in the past few years, four brothers,
all young men, working together, have accomplished
more than can probably be shown by a similar quartette
anywhere.  In law, banking, insurance, real estate and
allied businesses, in this city, the prestige and success of
the Aronsons are favorably and frequently commented
upon; it speaks volumes in praise of this family organization that from  the outset young 1en could do in a
variety of ways so well as these four brothers have
done. From such a beginning future growth of portentious magnitude must be predicted.
Eight years ago, at 5I8 Fourth Avenue, was opened
a new law office.  There was established the law business of I. Leonard Aronson, aged 21, who had just been
admitted to the Allegheny Co-unty bar.  Despite his
youthful appearance, I. Leonard Aronson speedily proved
that he was competent to practice law successfully. His
success in important cases soon built up a lucrative practice. Later, when Harry M. attained his majority and
gained admittance to the legal profession, was formed
the law firm of Aronson  Aronson.  The partnership
of the two brothers prospered right from the start; it
continued to grow in influence and standing, and to-day
the well-known firm of Aronson  Aronson has enviable
prominence among the successful legal practitioners of
Pittsbur-glh.
I. Leonard Aronson was one of the first to see the
future value of real estate in the regions roundabout
tlhe "Hump"  and  "Hill."
More especially to accommodate the foreign population of the congested districts in the matter of placing lmortgages and handling
real estate transactions, the
b roth e r s organized the
Aronson Realty Company,
whlicll was incorporated un(ler the laws of Pennsylvania and capitalized at
$ioo,ooo. One small room
at 704 Fifth Avenue sufficed
at first for the office of the
company, but the business
grew with such rapidity that
larger quarters were very
soon an imperious necessity.
A  perpetual lease on the
building at the corner of
Fifth Avenue and Tunnell
Street was secured, and the
remodeled structure is now
known as the A r o n s o n
Building, w h e r e i n a r e
housed all the Aronson
companies.  More and
more before public notice were placed the pending
possibilities of the Hump and Hill district.  Since
the Aronson Brothers established their business real
estate values in that vicinity have considerably increased. The lowering of Fifth Avenue, one of the most
advantageous schemes the city of Pittsburgh has in view,
will make many changes for the better, and a great rise
in property values in the section involved is absolutely
certain.  Around the modern ten-story office building
which the Aronsons now contemplate building will be
one of the busiest neighborhoods in the city.
The success of the Realty Company was so pronounced  andl immediate that the Aronsons decided to
wilden the field of their operations.  The concern of
I. LEONARD ARONSON"Aronson Bros., Bankers" was incorporated in September, I903, with a paid-up capital of $300,000 to do a
general banking, brokerage and foreign exchange business. There were promising openings also in other directions; that good business opportunities might not be
neglected, the Real Estate Auction Company (the namne
of which is sufficiently explanatory), with a capital of
$25,000, and the Lawyers' Oil   Gas Co. (capital
$75,000), formed to  do a general business in oil
and gas, were incorporated by the Aronsons. The substantial returns from  these enterprises stimulated the
Aronsons to engage in larger things. Next they obtained
a charter for the Real Estate Savings  Loan Association,
wvith a capitalization of $I,ooo,ooo. This colnpany makes
loans on real estate on weekly, montlhly ancld yearly payiments, and many wvho are desirous of owning homes are
eagerly taking advantage of the terms offered.  Other
companies organized by the Aronsons are the Aronsonia
Improvement Company and the Standard Construction
Company, combining in the Aronson enterprises a capital
and surplus of over $i,5oo,ooo. I. Leonard Aronson is
President of all these companies, and Harry M. Aronson
is Secretary and Treasurer of all the Aronson enterprises.
To the two other brothers, Joseph A. Aronson and
Jacob A. Aronson, are assigned various important
duties. All of these splendid investments belong to the
four brothers.  No outsiders are interested.  Jacob H.
Aronson, the youngest of the brothers, though but 24
years old, is recognized as one of the shrewdest real
estate experts in Pittsburgh. Besides his interests in the
Aronson enterprises previously mentioned, I. Leonard
Aronson is a heavy owner of valuable down-town property, and is identified with some of the city's most substantial financial and  commercial institutions.  That
business magic which makes everything he may touch
turn into gold, is his, but he is not so absorbed in moneymaking as to be forgetful of his social or civic duties.
He is a public-spirited citizen, one of the kind that makes
for greater Pittsburgh's exalted future.  And the same
high compliment may be paid to his brothers.
The genius and enterprise of the Aronsons, as developed so far, is shown by the fact that, besides conducting a large law office, they own and operate a realty
conipany (that has as one of its features over 4,000
tenants on011 its rent roll), two banks and four other thriving companies, the management of any one of which
\would afford ample scope for the ability of four ordinary
men, and yet all are ably managed by the Aronsons.
AVEY  IRISH Possessing the distinction of being the only real estate company in Pittsburgh which
hlandles business properties exclusively, Avey  Irish,
the firm of hustling young realty operators who conduct
a firmly entrenched business from a suite of offices in
the Union Bank Building, occupy a unique position in
the city's commercial life.
Avey  Irish-W. A. Avey and F. C. Irish-began
doing business as a partnership October I, I904.
Prosperity has not changed the firm in its original
purpose to deal only in business holdings.  This policy
has been adhered to rigidly since the inception of the
concern, and results have proved the wisdom  of this
methocl of procedure.
The firm has a renting list which embraces not only
the largest office buildings, but the largest number of
office buildings handled by any agent in Pittsburgh. The
LEADIING OFTFICE BUILDINGS REIPREISENTED   BY AV'EY  IRISIT66   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H.
name Avey  Irish, as agent f or this or that sky-scraper,
is familiar to the thousands who daily traverse the center
of Pittsburgh business activity. Among the structures
the firm is agent f or are the Union Bank Building, one
of the finest structures in the world; the Homne Trust
Building, the Curry Building, the Berger Building, and
the Wabash Station Building, the latter having the largest area per floor of any structure in Pittsburgh.
Nor has the concern stopped simply at being r enting
agents. It has given special attention to developing nonproductive properties, and at least one of the very high
buildings it is agent f or was erected by the owner at the
suggestion of Avery  Irish. This structure is the
Berger Building, and the history of the purchase of the
ground and erection of the building reads like a page
from fiction.
The site of the Berger Building was purchased by
Avey  Irish over the ocean cable, while the former
owner was in Cairo, Egypt, for a quarter of a million
dollars. A buyer had been secured, and in an incredibly
short time a I5-story structure, one of the best paying
investments in the city, had arisen phoenixlike upon the
ashes of a neglected investment.  Similarly the Curry
Building at Fourth Avenue and Ross Street, th1e eightstory structure at Penn Avenue and Eighth Street, and
the Seif Building at Third Avenue and Ferry Street.
Three years ago this firm pointed out the possibilities
of the Wabash Terminal properties, which comprise four
squares beneath the elevated tracks of the Wabash Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad, and had not been intended for
occupancy. The result is the splendid system of warehouses, where dealers have their freight dropped by elevators direct from the cars to their stores, thus saving
thousands of dollars in drayage charges. Besides, the
Avey  Irish suggestion proved a real boon to the general public by transplanting the entire produce commission f raternity from Liberty Street to Ferry.
Avey  Irish, in addition to the reputation it has
established, offer to clients the safeguard of having a
financial responsibility that is unquestioned.
GEORGE BROTHERS-The real estate, brokerage
and management firm of George Bros., the integrity of
which has been so well established during the twelve
years of its busy career, has control of some of the finest
properties in Pittsburgh and its suburbs.
The firm was incorporated in 1895 and consists of
the following members: W. D. George, president; D.
H. Wallace, vice-president; C. F. Chubb, vice-president
and treasurer; F. S. Guthrie, secretary. The offices of
the company were formerly at 94I Liberty Street; they
are now located in the Columbia Bank Building.
The business career of W. D. George began when
he was employed as messenger by the Mechanics' National Bank.  He then became successively Clearing
House Clerk for the same bank, bookkeeper for the
Tradesmen's National Bank, and finally a member of
the firm of George Bros. He is also president of the
Realty Corporation of Pittsburgh, a member of the firm
of Edwards, George  Co., and a director of the Peoples' National Bank and the Safe Deposit  Trust Co.
C. F. Chubb is a graduate of the University of
Michigan, and comes of splendid English and Welsh
parentage, some of his maternal a ncestors having come
over in the Mayflower. He is treasurer of the Pittsburgh Realty Corporation, and vice-president of the Tenement Improvement Company.
After a varied experience in different lines of business in New York and New Jersey, Francis S. Guthrie
in I899 accepted a position as broker with George Bros.,
and for eight years has been very successful in his connection with this firm.
J. H. GOEHRING-Pittsburgh's wonderful industrial progress has been accompanied by a corresponding
appreciation of values in real estate. During recent
years but few American.cities, in realty transactions of
importance, have equalled Pittsburgh.  Here the SUCcessful real estate agent is not the persuasive "boomer"
that he is in some places. Rather is he a shrewd. caref ul
and discriminating appraiser of property.  As values
have increased much more rapidly in certain sections
than in others, he who handles realty must be thorough,
up to date and always well posted. To make purchases
or loans to best advantage, capitalists advisedly secure
the services of an expert. In selling or leasing the same
rule applies.  A  successful specialist in real estate and
mortgages is J. H. Goehring. Keeping constantly in
touch with all the latest phases of realty development,
knowing thoroughly every part of the city that offers
favorable opportunities for judicious investment, being
an acknowledged judge of values and having excellent
financial connections, he is in a position to do any and
all business in his line most satisfactorily.
REAL ESTATE- SECURITY COMPANY This
flourishing new company was incorporated Jan. 22,
I906, under the laws of Pennsylvania, to do a general
real estate agency business, including the selling, renting
and mortgaging of real estate, placing fire insurance, etc.
Its officers are S. W. Crosby, president; W. D. Green,
vice-president; W. P. McCormick, treasurer; J. T.
Wheatly, secretary, and Chancy Lobingier, counsel. Its
capital stock is $25,000, with offices at 429-432 Frick
Building.
This company during its first year's business was
the broker in the sale of many important pieces of downtown property, notably in the purchase from I. L. Aronson of the property at Sixth and Wylie Avenues; from
Margaret Pollock of the property at 532 Sixth Avenue;
in the purchase by Joseph T. Nevin, formerly of the
"Leader," of two pieces of property on Wylie Avenue,near Sixth Avenue; the purchase by E. A. Kitzmiller of
the apartment house at the northeast corner of Ross and
Mill Streets, Wilkinsburg, Pa. It is now acting as the
exclusive selling agent of the property of The Hempstead Greens Land Company on Long Island, New York.
The mortgage department of the company's business
has been under the management of the secretary of the
company, J. T. Wheatly, and has been the most productive of the several branches of the conpany's business.
THE SCHENLEY FARMS COMPANY-In the
geographical center of greater Pittsburgh lie what were
once the Schenley farms. Originally conveyed, subject
to a yearly quit rent of one pepper corn, by William
Penn to Edward Smith, on January 24, I79I, for three
hundred and ten pounds sterling; retained in the possession of the O'Haras and their descendents for one hundred and four years, during which time it was the policy
of the owners neither to sell nor improve the property,
but merely to lease it; after the death of Mrs. Schenley
this desirable real estate was placed in the hands of
Andrew Carnegie, Denny Brereton and J. W. Herron as
trustees, and by said trustees sold and transferred on
April I5, I905, to the Schenley Farms Company; thus
for over a century maintained intact, kept vacant despite
the pressure exerted in successive stages of Pittsburgh's
expansion, reserved for futurity until now; these inviting
building sites appeal almnost irresistibly to prospective
buyers.
Located on Fifth Avenue, Boquet Street, Center Avenue, Bellefield Avenue and Forbes Street, the property
may be reached by nearly every car line in the city via
Fifth Avenue, Forbes Street or Center Avenue. From
the "down-towvn" part of Pittsburgh the journey by
street car requires fourteen minutes; it takes twelve
minutes to travel out there by trolley from either East
Liberty or the Southside; fourteen minutes is schedule
time fromn Wilkinsburg; from Allegheny or Homestead
the ride is of twenty minutes' duration; the only driveway from the residential sections of the city to the business district passes directly through the property and
connects the old Grant Boulevard at Center Avenue with
Schenley Park at Forbes Street; autolnobiles make the
trip fromn  Schenley Farms to "the point" in eighlt minutes; also under consideration are two subways, which
may be begun in the near future. When these subways
are constructed, one will have a station at the corner of
Boquet and Bayard Streets; on the other is planned a
station at Center Avenue and the Boulevard.  By subway one may go down-town in five minutes frolm Schenley
Farms. -In Junction Hollow, near Forbes Street, the
Baltimore  Ohio Railroad plans to build soon a fine
passenger station.
To the natural advantages of the tract the company
proposes to add all the beauty and sightliness that may
be brought into being by the landscape gardner's art.
To begin with, there are no disagreeable or unsanitary
environmnents.  No objectionable neighborhood is near.
Adjoining the property is Schenley Park; within a short
distance are the Carnegie Library, the Carnegie Technical Schools, the Phipps Conservatories, and the Schenley Hotel; in the itmmediate vicinity are a number of
noted churches of different denominations; near by will
VIEW OF SCHENLEY FARMSI
REATER PITTSBURGH  is the story of
g   Destiny delayed. The Indian first saw its
t  meaning. The Frenchman saw and grabbed
it. The Englishman, always awake to values,  wrenched it bloodily  from both of these.   The
Indian valued it as a staying and starting point.  Tlae
Frenchman regarded it from a viewpoint of strategic
value. The Englishman assumed these two and added
its commercial importance.   Succeeding  centuries have
simply permuted these
early    estitimates.     The    for-; iV fX;;f   XX X0;;; 0 V 0XEV V;;;f  f
ests,  game    and scattering   "gi;f'At--0000-0; -::00
crops form the simple in-               00\050000;'2  t0.
ventory  of  early  assets.              0-0--00-0  0;
Coal and coke came as
possibilities  fent, apresent
factories  n       miltl1-rshand wshssceso,ac  n
othrgele rmhmet     ofne lthereltignPtsbrhac
and   permanpent.  projectglsh1             ineelac   lsp
haear   ceed.     Gae    ni as and snpltnciiesapta
electricittsburgh wtheinzauatr               ceteet  s   Ti
possibilitaiesof the pargelset.rsosbefrtl    ea
vctonsliato. Thenufach-Irismngwsi successwssor,arge ancl
imeciade Pitsbrha ethe- manuaturi-i cenor iyntr was. Thisr
ent as a matter of civic construction or civic necessity
until population considerations on both sides o f the
Allegheny River made them matters of secondary importance and yearly  made consolidation harder of accomplishment.  Latterly  the  importance  of the  neasure
saturated Pittsburgh because it meant in its fulfilment a
municipality second to few in the world. This importance
was just as apparent to those on the North Side, and, to
the credit of those really affected it must be said, they
worked for union. Those having, only personal and
political interests at stake::              were the opponents and
0  delayers of the measure.;               0;  The story  of the delays
PITTSBURGH             mt1iand  because in idetstheureis from any standpoint
larg  eltnet i thelaito   ofterestn  orn importatsant. alnost s lare in hehitory o k thewor. centiris to-daykoe
of leciiesofth' wolc, tvrylarel ton wheat we  thae
tlaeea1th' asetstlal hatofandr  pern-ianently.  It istis
fac  tat  as1naleE1ll     wel  hetave   much     Vl tery
PITSBRG Etrpa    ott-e   eolch  becus Pittsburh           tsiron,
mstee asc glargsi pcthehitryo Ith wranks not sl to-da ontes
of thaee ci 1tries of   t ae word, erylargely on these a cnnof thes
otld Euroea    cotintries  nsecond Ito Pittsbtirgh all  irn,th,D -.
5
Its Marvelous Growth-An  Industrial Advancement
Reading Like Romance-The Greatest Steel Center in
the World Strong Financially-Oil and Gas a Powerbe built the new million-dollar high- school; admittedlv
the Schenley Farms property is safeguarded from  tindesirable neighbors by  the permlanent improvements
made on the surrounding land. Favored extraordinarily
in this respect, the company will neglect no opportunity
or feature of development.  Asphalted streets, granolithic sidewalks, curbing of concrete that will show an
unbroken line from corner to corner, streets lined with
slhade trees, lighlts suspended  from  ornamental iron
frames instead of unsightly wooden poles, property arranged so that lots on either side of the street will show
a uniform terrace effect, these are outward appearalnces
that attract; looking beneath the surface intetding purchasers nmay be assured that in the installations of the
various systems of water, gas and sewerage the utmost
care has been taken to maintain and possibly improve
upon conditions that mnake for health and comfort.  All
service lines for water, gas and electricity, as well as
the sewers, will be under the sidewalks.
The residences built on the property will be in accord with the environment and of the best character in
every respect.  Restrictions as to building will eliminate
the possibility of any but the most attractive construction.  Here the home builder is offered not only a safe
and remnunerative investment, but also an opportunity
to secure the most desirable residential property in Pittsburgh.
The officers of the Schenley Farms Company are
F. F. Nicola, president; W. G. Rock, vice-president, and
O. P. Nicola, secretary.  The comipany is capitalized at
$750,000.  Its office is at 307 Fifth Avenue.
At Schenley Farms the company is making greater
and more mnarked imnprovements than have heretofore
been attempted in the development of property. To the
provident investor, to the man of mneans who wishes to
establish hilmself in a home that is all that an up-to-date
A1merican city hole should be, the Schenley Farnms Colmpany offers inducements that are substantial and attractive to those who appreciate beauty of location.
W. J. TENER  CO.-No real estate firl is better
or more favorably known than W. J. Tener  Co. Besides its land business it is also engaged in the renting
anld insurance business, in all of which departmnents it is
a solid, substantial establishment which has miade rapid
and especially notewortlhy advance in the comparatively
short period of its existence, both in its volulne of business and in its practical assistance rendered in the upbuilding and protection of the homes and business
houses of the city and commnunity. Working not exclusively from  mercenary motives as some do, Mr. Tener
takes a practical personal interest in his business clientele
that inctulcates a confidence and an assurance on the part
of his associates and customers otherwise impossible to
obtain.
The companies represented by him in the insurance
business are all well known and secure institutions, having relieved in many instances the risks attendant upon
a city of such crowded activity and population as Pittsburgh, meeting their obligations fairly and squarely in
case of fire or accident with unfaltering ability, thereby
inspiring trust and confidence in their policyholders.
This office was established by Wallis J. Tener in
I89I at 99 Fourth Avenue. In I893 Mr. James Smith,
VIEW OF SCHENLEY FARMST H E  eS T O R aY   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    69
formerly secretary of the Oliver Iron  Steel Co., was
admitted as a member. Mr. Smith retired in the year
1903. During the year last named the fire insurance
business was taken up vigorously and a writing agency
established in connection with the real estate and renting business. The agency for the Glen's Falls Insurance
was secured, together with the National Union of Pittsburgh, the Philadelphia Underwriters' and Lumbermen's
of Philadelphia, and several other good companies writing fire, accident and other insurance.
During the year I896 this company was compelled
to vacate its offices at 99 Fourth Avenue, to make room
for the handsome structure now occupied by the Colonial
Trust Company. Its offices were then established, it was
hoped permanently, at 3I8 Fourth Avenue in the Dahlmeyer Building. But this building was also razed to
make room for the Commonwealth Trust Company. It
now has handsome and well appointed offices in the
Arrott Building, rooms 6o9-6IO.
Since the inception of this firm it has seen the business center of Pittsburgh change, has shared in the impetus given to the Greater Pittsburgh movement, and
looks forward to a still Greater Pittsburgh, a city of
cleaner streets, purer water, better transit facilities; in
short, a Pittsburgh for Pittsburghers with a responsible
sense of citizenship in the highest sense of the word.
Mr. Tener himself is a public-spirited citizen, having
the welfare of this municipality always in mind and
keeping abreast of any plans or movements tending to
the betterment of this city. He thinks the enforcement
of the law in the case of expectorating in public, for
example, one of the means advisable in the making of
our city comfortable, and that with additional efficient
police protection Pittsburgh will rank second to none in
security and beauty among American cities.
WATKINS  DUNBAR-Charles Dunbar and
Harold W. Watkins are associated at 803 Commonwealth Building, 3I6 Fourth Avenue, in the real estate,
mortgage and general insurance business.
They were ten years in Allegheny, where they organized the Allegheny Real Estate Company in I9OI
with a capital of $25,ooo, and afterwards organized the
Real Estate Savings  Trust Co. of Allegheny, which
absorbed the Allegheny Real Estate Company. Messrs.
Watkins  Dunbar removed their office from Allegheny
to 803 Commonwealth Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., on
April I, I907, and have been appointed agents of the
Svea Fire  Life Insurance Co., Lim., of Gothenburg,
Sweden, with assets of $1,031,186.
Charles Dunbar was born near the city of Belfast,
Ireland, on December 22, I 866, he came to the United
States in I889, was first engaged in the contracting business in Philadelphia, and came to Pittsburgh in I 892.
Harold W. Watkins was born in Lawrence  County,
Pa., of English and Irish extraction, was one of the
organizers of the Real Estate Savings  Trust Co. of
Allegheny, and was secretary of the above company from
its organization until April I, I907, when he resigned to
enter the firm of Watkins  Dunbar.
ERNEST ZIMMERLI-The real estate business in
Pittsburgh has in recent years attracted many men who
were trained in other pursuits and who were successful
therein, but seemed to be impressed by the larger opportunities offered by Pittsburgh realty. Among these is
Ernest Zimmerli, of 807 Peoples' Bank Building.
Mr. Zimmerli was born January I9, I88o, in
Switzerland, being a SON of Albert Zimmerli, a farmer.
He received a college education at Burgdorf, Switzerland, where he took a course in mechanical engineering.
He landed in New York January I4, I900, and found
employment as a machinist at the Pioneer Iron Works
in Brooklyn. In June, I900, he got his first position as a
mechanical engineer with the Baldwin Locomotive Works
of Philadelphia. He has been employed in a similar
capacity with the Westinghouse Electric Company,
Pittsburgh, the Garrett Cromwell Engine Company,
Cleveland; L. V. Huber, and the Jones  Laughlin Steel
Co. of Pittsburgh.
Mr. Zimmerli embarked in the real estate business in
this city in 1904 and has handled some important deals.
He has built several large apartment houses in the I3th
ward. He is a director of the Cochise Gold  Silver
Group Mining Co., director and chairman of the Allegheny Land Improvement Company, and prominent in
other enterprises.  He owns considerable property in
Allegheny County.
Mr. Zimmerli's facilities for handling real estate, together with his familiarity with the market, his knowledge of locations, relative values, etc., undoubtedly make
him valuable to his growing clientele in Pittsburgh and
vicinity.
OFFICE BUILDINGS
THE MUCH-TALKED-OF SKY-SCRAPER HAS BROUGHT COMFORT
AND FACILITY TO BUSINESS MEN
Pittsburgh is rapidly extending that pride of all big
cities, a sky-line. Few other cities have higher buildings
in the business section, and nowhere outside New York
are there so many in so small an area as in down-town
Pittsburgh.  The city is famous in building circles
throughout the world as possessing the handsomest and
most costly office building ever built, this being the
$4,oo,ooo marble and mahogany pile at the top of the
Hump. All the Pittsburgh sky-scrapers are distinguished
for expensive construction and convenience. More such
buildings have gone up in recent years than ever before,
but the demand for office space remains unslackened.
THE BERGER BUILDING-For a numnber of
years past the attorneys of Pittsburgh have felt the needof a strictly high-class office building in the immediate
vicinity of both the United States Court and the Allegheny County Court. The project had been brought up
a number of times, as a large number of these attorneys,
who for years had had their offices in the many small
buildings along Grant Street and upper Fourth Avenue,
were tired of the scant advantages offered by the owners.
Two years ago Mrs. Elizabeth Berger had plans prepared for a building to meet the needs of the profession,
and the work of construction was started the following
spring, or in 1907.  In less than a year the building',
which  is known  as the
Berger Building, and which
is located at Grant Street
and Fourth Avenue, was
completed, and the tenants
were moving in. A very
large proportion of these
tenants are, as had been
planned, attorneys, and the
building is especially constructed with a view of
meeting with their needs
and demands.  It is abso1 tu t e 1 y fire-proof, fifteen
stories in height, is well
equipped  with  elevators
giving perfect service, and
has every convenience afforded by the modern office
strtcture.
The Berger Building
takes first rank for its perfect lighting. It has unobstructed light and air on
four sides. Every office,
corridor and toilet-room is
perfectly lighted with natural light  by means  of
large outside windows, thus
making it one of the bestlighted and ventilated
buildings to be found in
Pittsburgh  or any  other
city. The electrical plant
has duplicate engines, generators, etc., so that an abundance of electric light is assured at all times.  The wiring and lighting fixtures are arranged for the best distribution of light to all parts of the respective offices,
and desk lights and desk telephones can be placed where
wanted, or moved from one part of the room to the other
by means of electrical plugs placed in the base boards,
chair rails, etc., of the rooms.
The Berger Building, being located on the northwest
corner of Fourth Avenue and Grant Street, is close to
the Court-House, Post-Office and the banks, and its
central situation makes it convenient of access to the
principal business sections of the city. This is in itself
an admirable feature that tenants soon recognize.
The vestibules and wainscoting are of paneled marble,
and the corridor floors are of mosaic.  The general interior work is of hard-wood cabinet work.  Mahogany
and walnut finish. All toilet-rooms are finished in marble.
The staircases are of iron and marble.
The arrangement of all the rooms is such as to afford
the tenants the widest choice in the sub-division of space
for large or small offices or suites as may be desired. In
short, no trouble or expense has been spared to
make the Berger Building
one of the most attractive,
convenient  and  desirable
office buildings from all
standpoints that the best
architectural and engineering skill could accomplish.
The exterior design is
powerful, g r a c e f u 1 and
dignified.  The  basement
story above the sidewalk
is  of  pink  granite,
and  the  trimmings,  including main cornice and
entrances,  are  of  ornamental terra cotta, while
the walls are brick rich in
color and laid up in Flemish Bond f a s h i o n with
Portland cement mortar.
The heating and power
plant is located in the subbasement, and this feature
of the building is of the
highest modern  character
in every respect.
The rooms are so arranged that they can readily be used en suite or
singly, as  reqtiired, and
ample space is provided for
large and voluminous libraries.  The entrances and exits of the offices are also
planned and arranged that there is absolute privacy for
the clients of lessees.
The building is fifteen stories high besides basement
and sub-basement, and its foundations rest upon the
solid natural rock.  Its construction is one of the best
examples of advanced office building architecture, in both
planning and design.
It is one of the highest type of fire-proof construction,
its materials being steel, granite, brick, terra cotta, marble,
fire-proof tiling and concrete.
BERGER BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.THE FRICK BUILDING-The Frick Building is
2T 7 feet long by  oo feet wide.  It is surrounded by three
streets and one broad alley. It has twenty-one stories
above the sidewalk on Grant Street, and three stories
below the level of that thronged thoroughfare above.
It is architectural in a
strict sense. It is built to
express both grace and
strength. The proportions
of the mass. No detail is
used that does not express
the structure. The building batters fromn stylobate
to  cornice, and  is narrower by three feet at the
top than at the base. All
grand and minor details
are drawn froln the Greek
Doric order of architecture.
The entire first floor
is brilliantly lighted by
Nernst lamps.  The  entrance ways follow the
style of the exterior. They
are built of Italian mnarble.
The floors and walls are
of the same 1atel-ial; the
ceilings b e i n g  paneled
with  Pavonazzo  mnarble.
The main interior doors
on this floor are bronze, and of a very handsome design.
The basement hall is lined with the same marble as
the entrance, and is equal to it in style and finish and
general decorative effect.
Opposite the Grant Street entrance is a window by
La Farge, representing Fortune on her wheel.  Under
this window is a settee of solid marble, having at either
end a pedestal upon which rests a pale green Greek
amphora.
On either side of the Grant Street entrance, standing
upon solid marble pedestals, is a bronze lion by Proctor.
The bank and brokers' offices are superbly
decorated in marble, mahogany and frescoes of
the old Italian schools.
The restaurant is mediaeval German.
The Hallways above
the first are lined with
Carrara 1arble and San
Domingo mahogany. The
Club story-the twentyfirst above  sidewalk-is
designed in Louis XIV
style in stucco, marble,
bronze and frescoes.
In all respects this
building surpasses other
structures of its kind. It
is a monumental expression of the modern requirements of American
business life, and was designed by D. H. Burnham
 Co., of Chicago.
Points about the building that have made it a landmark in Pittsburgh:
Height from basement level to roof, 360 feet.
Work on excavation began March 26, I9OI.
First base plate to receive steel columns set May I3,
I9OI.
Building ready for tenants, March I5, I902.
FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
WOMEN'S PARLOR, TENTH FLOOR, FRICK BUILDING
SEVENTEEN-TON D)OOR, UNION SAFE DEPOSIT CO., FRiCK BUILDINGNumber of cubic feet in building,'6,800,000.
Total floor space, exclusive of sub-basement, about
357,475 square feet.
Weight of structtiral steel used in building, 7,500 tons.
Number of cubic feet of Italian 1marble used, 220,000.
The building was planned to withstand a wind pressure of 25 pounds per superficial square foot for the
upper half, and I8 pounds for the lower half.
The ten elevators travel an aggregate of about 250
miles a day and carry 25,000 to 30,000 passengers.
Rarely, if ever, has an office buildingi been planned
with such thoughtful consideration for the personal cotmfort and convenience of its tenants.  It would appear
that every possible need has'been anticipated.  No feature more strikingly reflects this beneficent spirit of the
builder than the lutixuriously appointed women's parlor
on the tenth floor.  This adjunct is probably unique in
office structures.  It is a delightfully commodious room
furnished in exquisite taste. Thick, velvety rugs soften
the tread.  Handsomne divans and rocking-chairs invite
restful ease, while broad tables are within convenient
reach.  An accompanying illustration, while obviously
failing to suggest the perfect harmony of the decorative
scheme of this parlor, depicts the appropriateness of its
furnishings and the completeness of its appointments in
every detail.
The women's parlor in the Frick Building represents
a deliberate sacrifice of space which could command a
rental of several thousand dollars a year, simply to insure the comfort of patrons.  There probably is no
parallel to this in the history of modern office structures.
Besides the women's parlor the tenth floor also has
been equipped witli the neecldful conveniences for men,
such as a barber shop, lavatories and even a haberdashery. The barber shop invites interest owing to the
unusual elaborateness of its appointments, which are
adequate to the needs of the most fastidious patron.
Surpassing in lutxurious furnishings the homes of
other famous clubs, the apartments of the Union Club
on the twenty-first story deserve special mention.  As
already said, they are designed in Louis XIV style. The
comimodious lounging room, artistic dining-room, private dining-rooms and other apartments are in splendid
keeping with the high standing and wealth of the club's
niembership.
Conveniently located on the first floor of the Frick
Building are the offices of the Western Union and Postal
Telegraph Companies, the Central District  Printing
Telegraph Company; the booths of the Pittsburgh 
Allegheny Telephone Co., and cigar and news stands.
On the Fifth Avenue side of the same floor are the
spacious offices of the Union Savings Bank. This wellknown institution transacts a general savings and banking business, and maintains a foreign banking department and a steamship agency.
Whitney  Stephenson, a well known stock and bond
brokerage firm, occupy handsomely appointed offices on
the Diamond Street side of the first floor, while in the
basement on the same side are the Union Restaurant
and Cafe, whose quaint medieval German architecture
are in pleasing contrast with that of other styles and
periods exemnplified in the building.
Not the least interesting feature of the building fromn
the spectacular point of view are the great armor-plate
steel vaults of the Union Safe Deposit Company. These
are the largest of their kind in the world.  Access to
them  is gained by means of two ponderotis solid steel
BRONZE LION, MAIN CORRIDOR, FRICK
BUILDING
THE UNION CLUB LOUNGING ROOM IN FRICK B.UILDINGdoors, each of which weighs 17 tons or 36,0oo  pounds.
Every other department of this company's quarters is in
keeping with these remarkable vaults.
The foregoing description fails to do justice to the
splendid structure which is such a notable monument to
its builder, and such a worthy ornament to the great city
for which he entertains an affectionate regard. It is well
within the bounds of truth to assert that no metropolis
of either the United States or any other country can boast
the superior, if indeed it
possesses the equal, of
the great Frick Building.
THE PE NN
BUILDING-This upto-date office building,
erected by J. Alexander
Hardy, its owner, is in
every respect worthy of
being  grouped  among
the many office buildings, or so-called skyscrapers, that have
grown up, Aladdin-like,
in Pittsburgh within the
past decade, and have
brought the Iron City
into a relative comparison with the Great Metropolis, New York.
This, most certainly,
does not apply as to actual numerical comparison; no, far from it, but
it still remains true that,
considering the area of
the business communitv,
and the relative populations of the two cities,
Pittsburgh has well kept
in the front rank with
these towering structures that have done so
much to bring comfort
and facility for transacting business to the commercial as well as the professional man of to-day.
No longer is Pittsburgh picturesquely old-fashioned.
At this time its towering office buildings are one of the
many sights that visitors remark and criticise-and their
verdict is invariably in favor of the go-ahead-ativeness
of her citizens, as evidenced by her tall buildings that
have grown so rapidly.
In many cases, even residents of Pittsburgh do not
appreciate how their own city has gone ahead with great
strides on the road of progress in erecting these Gargantuan-like structures that throb and teem with the pulsations of every-day business life.
Let the average citizen take his place, not like Macaulay's hero on London bridge, but let himn only stand
on Mount Washington or some other favorable spot and
then drink in the sight that Pittsburgh presents on every
side. Truly will be brought home to him the fact that
his city has grown and that land values in a sense are,
like castles in Spain, largely built in air.
The Penn Building
well typifies the modern office building at its
best.  Situated at 708
Penn Avenue it enjoys
the great advantage of
being right in the heart
of the business conmunity.
In addition to the
convenience of location
the Penn Building is
thoroughly f i t t e d  up
with all the most app r o v e d appointments
that are now so generally demanded by the
progressive b u s i n e s s
mnan in an up-to-date
o f f i c e building. The
best class of tenants
naturally want the best
of everything in the
office line, and  t he
owner of the Penn
Building has exercised
thoughtful care to enable such a class of tenants to have their desires fully gratified in
every respect.
The Penn Building
as a whole is very imposing in outline, and all
its interior fittings represent the highest modern idea of thorough adaptability and general excellence.
The elevator service is first-class, andcl is conducted
in a manner that cannot fail to please the patrons of the
building.
The interior arrangement of the building is of the
best. The I28 spacious offices which the structure contains are arranged I6 to the floor, and are all on the outside of the building and surrounding a large court which
extends to the roof and is covered with a large skylight.
By this means of providing light the building is as well
lighted at the rear and on the sides as from the front.
PENN BUILDING, 708 PENN AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA.i
The Integrity of Pittsburgh's Bench and Bar a Source of
Worthy Pride-Ability of the Highest Standard One of
Its Chief Characteristics-Its Forensic Fame International
of that frightful conflict. Many who passed through
the perils of that war are to-day the most honored of
the legal profession. What is true of the Civil War
can also be written of the other wars of this country,
notably the second war with England, the conflict with
Mexico, and the Spanish-American and Philippine wars.
Reminiscent of the early legal history of Allegheny
County, the first court was held in Pittsburgh on the
organization of the county on December I6, I788, the
hearings taking place in a room at the corner of Second
and Market Streets. In those days the executive council
of the state designated someone to preside at court, who
was rarely a lawyer. At this court the council commnissioned George Wallace as president judge, and he served
until 179I, when the constitution of I 790 went into
effect. From a competent authority it is shown that the
fact that he was not a lawyer, but "a large landowner
possessed of sound business qualifications and severe
judgmnent," has led to a confusion of statements as to
who was the first judge of the county. Strictly speaking,
Judge Addison was the first judge "learned in the law."
However, the beginning of the Pittsburgh bar must
date from Judge Wallace's regime, as it was at the first
session of court held by him that nine persons were
admitted to practice law within his jurisdiction. From
that time on the bar and bench of Allegheny County not
only grew in number, but in ability and learning. The
various changes made in the succeeding constitutions of
the state increased the number of courts and their powers, and with the passage of time, the growth of population and the increased variety of interests, legal questions became more complicated, which required the lawyer and the judge to be deeply and thoroughly grounded
in a knowledge of the law. Keeping with these re74
HE history of the bench and bar of Pittsburgh
had its beginning before the American Revolution, and the story of the several systems
of jurisprudence that obtained from the initiatory stages to the present day is of absorbing interest.
There were legal giants in the early days which gave
distinction to the bar and the bench which has never
been dimmed. It is probable that there are not so many
orators in the present age, but the requirements of the
lawyer and the judge are much greater than in the
earlier days of practice. The profession of law has been
specialized, just as other professions, and each in his own
field of endeavor is as proficient as were the great lights
that illuminated the courts in the primitive days. The
bar of Pittsburgh, distinguished from the beginning,
has grown in lustre with the passing years. From its
ranks have been drawn some of the most illustrious men
who have sat on the supreme bench of the United States
from the time of Henry Baldwin to the present. The
roster of the State Supreme Court from its establishment
contains the names of many who won recognition at the
bar and on the bench in this city. There is hardly a
branch of the national government on which the genius
of a Pittsburgh lawyer has not impressed itself, either
as a member of the United States Senate, or the Cabinet.
In diplomacy, many leading representatives of the
legal profession have represented this country abroad.
In patriotism, no other bar in the United States has
excelled that of Pittsburgh. At the first call to arms
by President Lincoln the response of the members was
instant. Many of them rose to the distinction of commanders, while many went into action to return no more.
The bravery and heroism of the soldier-lawyer of Pittsburgh is impressed on almost every page of the historyquirements, it can be said without fear of contradiction
that the bench and bar of Pittsburgh to-clay stand unrivalled in all the accomplishments that make for the best
in jurisprudence, practice and culture, and all the elements
that enter into the qualification of the modern up-to-date
pleader and attorney.
There is nothing to-day that stands better for the
credit of a member of the Pittsburgh bar or the judge
than thoroughness. The old-time lawyer depended more
in swaying the minds of the jury with fervid eloquence
than in dealing with the law  and the facts.  Of this
class, which was popular some years ago, the Pittsburgh
bar furnished some notable exa mples, and
whose names are remembered by the present
generation. But practice
to-day is conducted on
different lines. There is
a stricter construction of
the law, and "glittering
generalities" no longer
mislead  the  bench  or
confuse the jury.  The
courts of Pittsburgh are
conducted  w i t h  t h e
greatest dignity, and the
trivialities of f o r m e r
days receive no encouragement from  the present-day judges who realize the responsibilities
of their duty to the public.  Withal they are
humane, just and impartial. They are noted for
their probity and "learning in the law," which
was not a prerequisite
in former days. The bar
of Pittsburgh is distinguished for the high
standing of its membership in legal acquirements and the morality of its personality.  The large
majority of those in practice to-day are young men.
They are virile in their pleadings, and painstaking and
thorough in presenting their cases, and as such are
exemplars in their profession for their brothers in other
communities to pattern after.
It is not only in their chosen profession that they
have shone, but many of them  have been successful on
the lecture platform, while others have gained recognition
as authors and writers in the fields of polite literature.
And yet it can be truthfully said, they never forget Pittsburgh, its welfare and progress.
JAMES ELDER BARNETT-There are but few
men better known in Pennsylvania than former State
Treasurer James Elder Barnett.  Mr. Barnett was
born at Elder's Ridge, Indiana County, Pa., August
I, I856.  He graduated from  Washington and Jefferson College in I882, and is a lawyer by profession.
He was appointed Comimissioner's Clerk in Washington
County, later serving as Deputy Prothonotary of that
county. From I895 to I897 he was Deputy Secretary
of the Commonwealth, and in I899 was nominated by
the Republican State Convention for State Treasurer,
and was elected at the general election the following
November. He is now
associated with R. B.
Scandrett in the law firm
of Scandrett  Barnett.
He enlisted in the
National Guard of Pennsylvania in I884, and,
passing through the various grades, was elected
Lieutenant - Colonel of
the  famous  "Fighting
I oth" Regiment in I897.
He volunteered with his
regiment for the Spanish-American war, serving in the Philippines
and participating in all
the engagements of his
regiment during the Filipino insurrection until
the capture of Malolos.
Under the appointment
of Col. A. L. Hawkins
as commander of the
district of Cavite, P. I.,
Lieut.-Col. Barnett, in
April, I899, was placed
in command of the regiment and acted as regimental commander until
the regiment was mustered out at San Francisco, August 27, I899.  He succeeded Col. Hawkins,
who became incapacitated by sickness, as commander of
the district of Cavite, and served from May Io, I899.
His ancestry is one of exceptional prominence. On
his father's side he is descended fromn the Scotch house
of Livingston.  A branch of the family emigrated from
Scotland to County Derry, in Ireland, in the sixteenth
century, and were prominently associated with Belfast
and Dublin politically and with their educational and
benevolent institutions. They were the founders of the
Presbyterian Church in Ireland. To the present time
the branch of the family remaining in Ireland is promCOURT-HOUSE, PITTSBURGH, PA.inently associated with affairs. John Barnett was the
founder of the American branch. He was born near
Londonderry in 1678, and emigrated with his family and
his brother William to America, locating in Hanover
Township, Lancaster County, and was one of the earliest
settlers in that township. He died in September, I734.
The subject of this sketch is the sixth in descent from
him. Another John Barnett, the great-grandfather of
James Elder Barnett, served in the War of the Revolution, and won distinction in the Canadian campaign.
On his mother's side, his ancestors were also Scotch,
and belonged to the Stewart and Cameron clans. Many
of them are buried at Paisley Abbey. E 11 e r s l i e,
a town of Scotland, is
nanmed for the Elder family.
JAMES H. BEALEver since the operations
of law have beneficially restricted mankind, the successful legal practitioner
deservedly has occupied a
high place in the public
estimation. But greater by
far than ever before are
the substantial rewards of
success in the practice of
law  to-day.  The events
and conditions that made
possible the development of
the great corporations of
this country, created conspicuous opportunities for
alert and learned members
of the legal profession. To
be qualified for certain
work it is required of attorneys that they must be
not only unusually able
1 a w y e r s, but far-seeing
financiers as well. Of those
who have risen to eminence because of their ability to advise judiciously and guide advantageously great interests,
among the foremost practitioners in Pittsburgh is James
H. Beal.
Of sturdy Scotch-Irish stock, from an ancestry noted
for its courage, thrift and energy, he inherited the virtues that add most to strength of character.  He was
born at Frankfort Springs, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, on Septenmber I, I869.  On completing his course
in the public schools, his first occupation was that of a
stenographer and law reporter. In the office of W. B.
Rodgers he studied law with such assiduity that in January, I892, he was admitted to the Allegheny County
Bar. In I896 he was made Assistant City Attorney of
Pittsburgh, which responsible and trying position he
filled most satisfactorily for three years. This important
public office, on September I, I899, he resigned to become a member of the well-known law firm of Knox
and Reed. In I9oI the name of this law partnership
was changed to Reed, Smith, Shaw and Beal.
The importance of the partnership above named can
hardly be overestimated. Few if any law firms in the
United States rank higher now than Reed, Smith, Shaw
and Beal, of Pittsburgh. Associated intimately with the
affairs of the United States Steel Corporation and subsidiary companies, influencing, by advice, the action of other corporations
of imposing magnitude, the
members of the firm justly
enjoy about the greatest
prestige it is possible for
corporation lawyers to attain.
As counsel for, and director of, various large
corporations, because of
what he has accomplished,
James H. Beal is everywhere regarded as a highly
successful lawyer. That he
so rapidly achieved his
present enviable standing,
indicates beyond question
his talent and ability.
Among the local clubs
to which Mr. Beal belongs
are the Duquesne, the
Union, the University, the
Law, the Country, and the
Oakmont. He is also a
member of the New York
Athletic and the Lawyers'
Club of New York.
WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS BLAKELEY-William Augustus Blakeley, one of
the most versatile and successful of the barristers of Allegheny County, was born Feb. 24, I866, at Franklin, Pa.
His father, Gen. Archibald Blakeley, and his mother,
Susan D. Blakeley, are both descended from well-known
western Pennsylvania families. He was educated in the
public schools of Pittsburgh, the Western University, and
the University of Michigan, of which latter institution he
was a graduate in I887.
Upon leaving college he engaged in newspaper work
in Pittsburgh as a reporter on the Commsercial Gazette
and the Press until, in I89I, he wvas admitted to practice
in the courts of Allegheny County.
W. A. BLAKELEYT H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    77
JOHN D. BROWN-A scholar by heredity and
training, John D. Brown stands high among his colleagues of the legal profession. He is a typical Pittsburgher, having been born here September 6th, I865,
and has resided in this city ever since. His f ather is
A. M. Brown, the head of the law firm of A. M. Brown
 Sons, a lawyer of much experience and note, and formerly Recorder of Pittsburgh.
John D. Brown early evinced a preference for the
legal profession, and with this aim in view, he prepared
for and entered Harvard College. His course in the law
school was supplemented by his reading and studying in
his father's office, and, while quite young, was admitted
to practice at the Allegheny County Bar. His father's
connection with municipal affairs gave the junior members of the firm almost the sole practice for a time, and
this time was made the opportunity for the proving of
John D. -Brown's ability. He is considered one of the
most able and popular men of the Allegheny Countv
Bar.
He is interested in a number of business concerns,
being Vice-President and Director of the Anchor Savings
Bank, a Director in the German National Bank, VicePresident and Director in the Pittsburgh Land Company, a Director in the Hardy  Hayes Co., and a
Director in the Dispatch Publishing Company.
He was married June 2, 1898, to Helen D. Shepard,
daughter of Otis Shepard, and has one child, Dorothy
Westlake Brown.
JAMES FRANCIS BURKE-One of the most
successful and brilliant members of the Allegheny
County Bar is James Francis Burke, whose legal
career has been marked by many successes both as
counsel and as trial lawyer.  His ready  application
of principles involved and his ability as a verdict
getter account for the large and important clientele he
enjoys, while his genial personality makes him one of
the most popular attorneys of Allegheny County. He is
an excellent companion, a reaqy wit, and the possessor
of an unusually bright mind.
He is a native of Petroleum Center, Venango County,
Pa., having been born there October 27, i867. His parents are Richard J. Burke and Anna T. Burke, both of
Irish extraction. His early eclucation was received in
the comumon schools of Pennsylvania; afterwarcls he entered the University of Michigan, where he graduated in
1892 with the degree LL.B. He was appointed by President Harrison that year to codify the navigation laws
of the United States. In I899 he was appointed counsel for the  Agricultura1 Department of Pennsylvania.
His career as a legislator has been marked by the same
success he has achieved in his profession, and his varied
business interests are controlled with an astuteness that
makes for prosperity.
He was married to Josephine Scott at Detroit, April
He has been engaged in many of the most important
criminal and civil trials in the courts of the county, and
from the date of his admission has been highly successful, especially in the trial of cases. Among them were
the J. McD. Scott cases, which resulted in a signal
victory for Mr. Blakeley and his colleague, W. A. Way.
As a verdict getter Mr. Blakeley has few superiors at
the Bar. Examples of his ability in this line are: the
acquittal of J. C. Robinson, the Secretary of the Cash,
Industrial, and Globe Building and Loan Associations,
who was charged with embezzling $63,000 of the funds
of the associations; and that of Joseph L. and Susan L.
Miller, for whom Mr. Blakeley obtained a verdict of
$I7,ooo. This sum was within one thousand dollars of
the highest verdict ever obtained in this county, and was
the subject of considerable comment at the time throughout the State.
In I893 he was appointed Deputy District Attorney
under Clarence Burleigh, and retained that position until
the end of the first year of John C. Haymaker's incumbency, at which time he resigned. In I903 he was appointed Assistant City Attorney under Thos. D. Carnahan. In March, I9o6, he entered into a law partnership
with ex-Judge Elliott Rodgers and George H. Calvert,
under the firm name of Rodgers, Blakeley  Calvert, with
offices in the Frick Building.
WILLIAM JAMES BRENNEN-The f ruits of
manifest ability and a resolute and boundless ambition to succeed is the career of William James
Brennen, one of the busiest and most prominent
lawyers of the Allegheny County Bar. At eleven years
of age he was at work in the iron mills of Jones 
Laughlin. By study and application he became one of
the leading roll turners in America, traveling over the
United States and working in all the leading cities in
the country. He had attended public school until eleven
years old, and, while working, attended night school.
teaching in such a school when he was twenty. He studied mechanical drawing and learned the trade of machinist. He studied law, and was admitted to practice
at the Bar of Allegheny County.
He early showed interest and ability in political matters, being a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1876, the youngest delegate elected to that Convention. He has either been a delegate to,
or in attendance at, every Democratic State Convention
since I874, serving as a member of the State Executive
Committee for twenty years, with the exception of one
year.  He was chairman of the Democratic County
Committee for fifteen years, and chairman of the City
Executive Committee for ten years. He is a member of
Common Council and Alderman f or the Twenty-Fourth
Ward, and is identified with various business concerns,
being director in the T. Campbell Glass Company and
the Star Enamel  Stamping Co.items of quantity and quality of other not less important
products.  Besides its prominence in manufacturing,
Pittsburgh has a lead in financial, commercial, shipping
and educational matters high among the first half dozen
American cities and consequently among the world cities.
It has much to do to make it the peer of many municipalities in many essentials of present-day requisition, but
even these are among its assets to-day, and the work of
city improvement and city beauty is going sturdily and
intelligently forward. It is a city of strength and recourses. It has parks and beautiful public buildings, and
the prospects of more are daily brig'htening.  It has not
been rated at its value because of the fact that small
people have been able to keep, until recently, this rating
at so low a numerical figure. It is now a compact, concrete city, its people united and ambitious to make it the
most important city between the oceans.  This is Pittsburgh in the abstract.  In the concrete it means much
more. It means financially and commercially much more.
In a manufacturing sense it is greater still.  It means
that it is in'the front rank of the world's production of
iron, steel, glass, plate glass, tin plate, iron and steel pipe,
air brakes, steel cars, electrical machinery, fire brick,
window glass, tableware, tumblers, corks, pickles, whitelead, sheet metal, and other specialties.  It means that
Pittsburgh in its larger meaning has 3,029 manufacturing
establishments with an investmient therein of $64I,ooo,ooo, yielding a product of $55I,0ooo,ooo    annually, employing 250,000 men and paying them  annually more
than $350,000,000.  Its production last year was I22,ooo,ooo net tons, of which 113,ooo,ooo net tons were
carried in and out on freight cars and 9,ooo,ooo tons on
boats. In one day alone 399,350 tons were shipped. One
boat carried to southern parts more than 60,ooo tons of
coal  on  one  trip.
The output of coal
is nearly 50,000,000
tons, or nearly  5
per cent. of
the world's
productio n.
It means,I5, I895, and is the father of two children, Josephine
Frances Burke and James Scott Burke.  He is a member of the representative social organizations of the city.
CLARENCE  BURLEIGH-In the life of Clarence Burleigh are found all the traits of a successful self-made man.  His advancement to the very
head of the legal profession in Allegheny County
can be accounted for only through his determination to rise, his constant application to study, and his
unusually bright mind.
He was born in Boston, Mass., December 20, I853.
When a boy he came to Pittsburgh, where he secured
a rudimentary education in the common schools and in
the high school.
In I875 he began the study of law, and two years
later was admitted to the Bar of Allegheny County,
October 17, I877.
He has always been interested and active in municipal and county affairs, giving both time and talents
to their service and welfare.  He has held many positions of honor and trust in Pittsburgh.  He was councilman from the 3oth Ward for several terms. When
the new charter went into effect he was appointed an
Assistant City Attorney and was assigned to the Department of Public Safety. Upon the death of the District
Attorney of Allegheny County, R. H. Johnson, in June,
I89I, he was appointed to succeed him, and he resigned
his city position to accept. At the expiration of the
term  to which he was appointed, Mr. Burleigh was
elected to a f till term, serving the county in this capacity
until January, I895.  In October, I895, Pittsburgh again
honored him by an election to the office of City Attorney,
a position in which he served faithfully and brilliantly
for seven years.
He is now the senior member of the law firm of
Burleigh, Gray  Challener, and is the general counsel
for the Pittsburgh Railways Company, and attorney for
Jones  Laughlin Steel Co.
HON. THOMAS D. CARNAHAN-From the job
of a newspaper reporter to a judgeship is a long step
upward.
In his ascent to the Bench, witlh the practically unanimous approval of the people of Pittsburgh, Thomas D.
Carnahan, unquestionably possessed of every qualification which should distinguish a judge, has shown what
can be done by a man of unusual ability and exalted
character.
A native of this city, the son of R. B. Carnahan, who
in his day was one of the ablest and most trusted attorneys in Pittsburgh, Thomas D. Carnahan, after graduating from  the Western University of Pennsylvania,
worked for a while as a reporter on the old Pittsburgh
HON. JAMES FRANCIS BURKE
CLARENCE BURLEIGIIT H E.,S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    79.
Chronicle. He studied law in his f ather's of fice and,
after a time, was associated with the elder Carnahan in
the management of the Schenley interests and other large
properties. Partly, perhaps, through his influence and
advice was secured for Pittsburgh that inestitnable gift,
the Schenley Park system.
Years of excellent service in the City Solicitor's
office earned for Judge Carnahan national recognition
as an authority on municipal law.
In politics a Republican, yet by men of all parties he
is looked up to and respected. Everywhere it is admitted
that he has, to a marked degree, judicial fitness and
capacity. It was felt that he was justly entitled to promotion.
When, on April 5, 1907, he was nominated by Governor Stuart to be a Judge of the Court of Common
Pleas Number Four, no dissenting voice was raised to
oppose his confirmation.
HON. JOSIAH COHEN-Hon. Josiah Cohen was
born Novet-nber 29, I849, in Plymouth, England. His
father, who was a merchant, was born in Germany, later
coming to England and marrying Rose Cohen, who was
of Cornish (English) extraction. Their son's early education was received in London, and was continued in
New York City, whither the family had removed.
He has always been a student, and was able to grasp
and apply principles with unexcelled discernment and
exactitude-the practical and the theoretical balanced
perfectly in his personality. He would have made a
-success in many callings, and when he chose the legal
profession his talent found admirable expression and
scope. He became a lawyer of marked ability and
character, whose councils and opinions are famed for
their accuracy and fairness.
He has been the President of the Gusky Orphanage
since its foundation in  I89I; was a member of the
Western Pennsylvania Reform School for many years
by gubernatorial appointment; and is a life menmber of
the Carnegie Institute, having been appointed by Andrew
Carnegie at its foundation. He is Vice-President of the
Rodef Sholem Congregation, having held this position
for twenty years; also a member of the Executive Committee of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, a member of the Board of Delegates of Civil and
Religious Liberty, a Jewish organization in the United
States, and President of the Court of Appeals of the
Independent Order of B'nai Bres ( Sons of the Covenant), an order extending throughout the world.
WILLIAM EVANS CROW William Evans
Crow was born on a farm in German Township,
in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, on March I0, I 870.
As soon as he was of proper age, he was sent to
the public schools. In I890, he graduated from the
Southwestern State Normal School. Later he went to
Waynesburg College. For three years he was engaged
in newspaper work. Then he studied law and was admitted to the Bar in I895. In the following year he
was appointed Assistant District Attorney. In I898 he
was elected District At torney for three years.
From the time he attained his majority he took an
active interest in politics. Soon he was acknowledged
to be a local Republican leader.  In  1899, I900 and
I9OI, he served as Chairman of the Fayette County Republican Committee.  He was a delegate to various
State Conventions.  The Republicans of the Thirtysecond District, Fayette County, in I906, nominated
Crow as their candidate for State Senator. Though his
opponent received the endorsement of the Democratic
and the Prohibition parties, though the latter organization polled nearly I,400 votes, Crow was elected by a
plurality of 2,484.
In the Legislative session of I907, William Evans
Crow was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations. He also served on the following committees:
Judiciary General,
Appropriations,
Education,
Finance,
New Counties and County Seats,
Public Supply of Light, Heat and Water.
Throughout, his work as a legislator was such as to
win for him favorable and State-wide recognition.
R. W. CUMMINS-Man-made laws are evolved,
perhaps, from the necessity for their application.  In
the development of the oil and gas business of this
country arose situations that the laws, as previously
construed, made no provision for; consequently, discoveries of oil and gas soon produced prolonged and
far-reaching litigation.  To meet emergencies, to settle equitably constantly occurring disputes, to define and protect rights with which aforetime doctors
of jurisprudence were unacquainted, it was necessary
that out of existing laws should be obtained an interpretation just and applicable. By whom could such a
consummation be secured? Most obviously the first demand for an elucidation was made on attorneys who
had clients who were in one way or another interested in
oil or gas production. Out of the obscurity that prevailed had to be brought a clarity of relation. In the
crucible of hotly contested suits, eventually various things
that might be inferred or understood were melted down
to legal conclusions.  It took years, in some cases, to
establish precedents that are now cited as authoritative.
Of counsellors in litigation that lecl to the present interpretation and application of the laws pertaining to matters affecting the production, transportation and sale of
oil and gas, it is conceded that R. W. Cummins has been
one of the most trusted and successful.
Now the attorney f or the United Oil and Gas Trust,the Forest Oil Company, the Mlarion Oil Company, the
Washington Oil Company, the Taylorstown Natural Gas
Company, the South Penn Oil Company and other important oil and gas enterprises, Mr. Cummins, as a
counsellor of corporations, occupies a high position in
Pittsburgh.
R. W. Cutmmins was born in Jamestown, Ohio, on
October 9, I854. His father, the Reverend Cyrus Cumruins, was a well-known Presbyterian minister. In I86I
the Reverend Cyrus Cummins and his family moved to
Mount Jackson, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania.  His
pastorate at Mount Jackson continued until I872, when
he was called to take charge
of a congregation at Greenfield, in Mercer County.
R. W. Cunmmnins  attended, first, the common
schools, and afterwards the
Blairsville  Academy.  In
1873 he came to Pittsburgh
and entered the law  office
of D. W. and A. S. Bell,
as a clerk. To supplement
his previous education, he
studied evenings and obtained the assistance of private tutors. As a result of
his law studies, in 1879, he
duly qualified  for admission to the Bar.
Until I889 he was engaged for the most part in
general practice. Since then
he has devoted lhis attention principally to legal features of the oil and gas
business.
Mr. Cummins makes his
home in Swissvale and takes
an active interest in the
affairs of that progressive
municipality.  In  addition
to having been a member of the Swissvale School Board,
he has served two terms in the council, of which organization he is at present President.
LIV'INGSTON LLEWLLYN DAVIS-Livingston
Llewllyn Davis, attorney at law, was born in I853
at Shakleyville, Mercer County, Pa. His father, John
Davis, was a merchant whose ancestors came from
Wales in I833. His mother, Elizabeth Findley Davis,
is of Scotch-Irish descent; her ancestors were the first
settlers at Findley's Lake, New York, after whom the
settlement was named.
The subject of this sketch worked on the railroad,
sometimes on a farm, and again taught school to obtain
the necessary funds, and in this way was able to attend
the Edinboro State Normal School, and Allegheny College at Meadville, Pa., graduating from  the latter in
14878. He studied law and was admitted to practice at
the Bar of Allegheny County in I88o.  He has been
engaged in his profession continuously since that time,
and is one of the busiest and most able lawyers in the
city.  Under his leadership the citizens of Homestead
raised over $i,ooo,ooo in cash and a carload of supplies
for the sufferers of the Johnstown flood.  Mr. Davis,
heading one of the first relief expeditions to reach the
scene of the calamity, was active for the relief of all.
He is connected with a
number of large business
concerns, the Homestead 
Mifflin Street Railway Co.,
the Homestead Brick Conmpany, the Homestead Park
Land Company (which is
developing a 200-acre tract
of land in Mifflin Township
for residential purposes),
and organized and is now
a director and the solicitor
of the Homestead Savings
 Trust Co.
CHARLES   ALOYSIUS FAGAN-A descendant of early settlers of
northwestern Pennsylvania;
born in Pittsburgh on July
I, I859; educated at St.
Mary's parochial school, at
Ewalt Academy  and  the
Pittsburgh Catholic College;
admitted to the bar in I887,
Charles Aloysius Fagan has
since achieved, not only in
his profession, but politically, prominence in Pittsburgh.
As Assistant District Attorney under WY. D. Porter
and W. D. Johnson, his service caused his talent and
ability to be widely and favorably recognized. Because
of his excellent record, Mr. Fagan was appointed by the
Governor, in I894, to fill in the District Attorney's office
the unexpired term of John C. Haymaker.
Presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in I892;
in I894 and I895 he was chosen chairman of the Democratic County Commntittee of Allegheny; in recognition
of services rendered the party, he was unanimously
elected Delegate-at-Large to the Democratic National
Convention of I896.  Later he retired  from  active
politics.
Forniing a law  partnership with Senator W. A.
L. L. DAVIST H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H    SI
ready application of principles involved, and also to his
personality. He is not a politician in any sense of the
word and has never held any political position.
He married Mary Eva Hays, of Pittsburgh, July I6,
I9OI, and lives in a handsome residence in Murray Hill,
East End, Pittsburgh. His offices are in the Commonwealth Building.
He is a member of the Duquesne Club, the Union
Club, and the Oakmont Country Club.
Magee, Mr. Fagan, as senior member of the well known
firm of Fagan and Magee, has practiced law in this city
most successfully. Among his clients are a number of
important corporations. As a bank director and as a
director in various successful manufacturing and real
estate enterprises, he has made most satisfactory progress.
In I887 he was married to Miss Mary Kane, daughter of P. C. Kane, a retired merchant of Pittsburgh.
HON. THOMAS J. FORD-Always a student, and
turning the many and varied experiences of his life into
actual value in his profession, Hon. Thomas J. Ford has
become one of the most widely known and trusted attorneys of Allegheny County. He was born Sept. I3,
I856, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and received his education in
the public schools and in the Uniontown Soldiers'
Orphans' School.
Removing in early life to Pittsburgh, he engaged
in various pursuits prior to taking up the serious study
of law, working in a machine shop, as clerk in a store,
as ticket agent, and in other employment, in each securing the familiarity with facts and conditions that has
made him so versatile in his profession. Upon his admission to the bar, he immediately began building up a
large and lucrative practice, both as a trial lawyer and
as counsel, which practice he has continued and enlarged
until his appointment to the bench of Common Pleas
Court No. I.
He has always been actively and enthusiastically interested in politics and was honored by an election to the
State House of Representatives in I896, representing
the seventh district of Allegheny County, and was reelected in I898. He also served as Chairman of the
Republican County Committee from June, 1903, to
November, I9o6, conducting an able and creditable campaign.
He is a member of the Duquesne, Americus, and
Tariff clubs, and a number of beneficent and fraternal
societies have his name on their rosters.
ARTHUR OSMAN FORDING-Arthur Osman
Fording was born at Doylestown, Ohio. His father,
Lee Fording, a merchant, was able and willing to give
his son the advantages of a good education, sending him
to Mt. Union College in Alliance, Ohio, after he hacl
completed his common-school preparation.
Upon being admitted to the bar at Youngstown, Ohio,
in I888, he soon won honor and an enviable standing
among his colleagues and built up a large general law
business. He left Youngstown in I 895 for the larger
and more promising field of business activity to be
found in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and has, during the
twelve years in which he has practiced here, enjoyed a
busy and prosperous career that is excelled by none in
its comprehensiveness of service. This success is chiefly
due and may be directly accredited to Mr. Fording's
GEORGE BREED GORDON-Pittsburgh's wonderful industrial expansion has not been accomplished
without numerous legal battles, and few attorneys have
been more intimately associated with these than- George
Breed Gordon, of Gordon  Smith, occupying a suite of
offices on the fifteenth floor of the Frick Annnex Building.
Mr. Gordon does not need to be made familiar to
the people of his native city or members of the bar. He
represented the Carnegie Steel Company in the memorable clash with H. C. Frick, while one of his most important cases was that of Tarbell against the Pennsylvania Railroad, in which he acted for the railroad. Similarly he appeared for the same railroad in the suit of
the Western Union Telegraph Company, and has been
a prominent figure in legal battles for years.
A f act about Mr. Gordon, which can be pointed to
with pride, is that he is distinctly a Pittsburgher, having
been born in Edgeworth, August I, I86o. His parents
were Alexander Gordon and Catherine Edwards. The
younger Gordon studied at the Western University of
Pe nnsylvania, and graduated from Columbia law school
in I883. In the year he graduated he registered with
Hampton  Dalzell and was admitted to the Allegheny
County bar that same year. In 1887 the firm became
Dalzell, Scott  Gordon, continuing until dissolved by
the death of Mr. Scott, February, I9o6, after which
time the present firm of Gordon  Smith sprung into
being.
Mr. Gordon is married and a member of numerous
clubs.
GEORGE MECHLIN HOSACK-George Mechlin
Hosack, a lawyer of merited success, is a statesman and
legislator of recognized ability as well as a business man
of such well known character and enterprise as to be one
of the familiar figures in Pittsburgh's industrial life.
He was born at Dayton, Armstrong County, Pa.,
Oct. 7, I866. His father, Alexander Blackborn Hosack,
was a farmer and teamster. He is now retired from
active business, having arrived at a hale old age of seventy-eight. His mother, Eliza Wrigley, is sixty-eight
years old, and is of English parentage and birth.
Mr. Hosack's characteristic energy is at no time better exemplified than in his boyhood and youth. As a
boy he worked on a farm, receiving f or his labor the8 2   T H E   S T 0 R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
He was married to Della Clark at Connelsville, Pa.,
Nov. 16, 1893. George M. Hosack, Jr., Margaret Hosack, and William Clark Hosack are their children.
Their home is in Lytton Avenue, Pittsburgh.
GEORGE DAWSON HOWELL-George Dawson
Howell was born at Brownsville, April 20, 1861, the
son of Alfred and Elizabeth Dawson Howell, pioneers
of Fayette Cotinty; he was educated at St. James Grammar School, Hagerstown, Md., and Trinity College,
Hartford, Conn., graduating from the latter in I882.
After studying law two years tinder his father, he was
admitted to practice in 1884, and has since been a member of the Fayette County.............................................................................  bar.  Upon   his  father's  death..................................................
-------------------..........................    in    i887    he   came   into    a   law.......................................................................                                                      -n     fi rm.........                                    tice    that  gave    hit..........................................................                hold           of    professional   work......................................................               One   of  his  first  noteworthy.................................................  erforl-nances              was        in    conp............
nection with organizing and..................
------  --------                 building               Dawson                bridge...... 0 v e r t h c Youghiogheny
River at Dawson a town..........
laid out and named f or his
mother, and for many years
center of the coke district.........................
He is counsel f or numerous.........................
large corporate and personal.....................   ----..........
interests, including: H. C.................................. Frick Coke Company, Pitts-................................................
bur h  Lake Erie Rail9
roa(,I  Monongahela   Raild, Brier Hill Cok'Com-.......    roa                                        e
i -711:llll`......................
------------------------------ WI-;;I'I_..llr:!l:::::::""......                                                Central    District    and
p..............................................  Printing              Telegraph                Com-..................................    pany,   First    National    Bank..................................................                   of Uniontown, J. V. Thomp-..........                                son          and   others..................................... __.................................................................................             M r.  H owell  has  dealt  in................................
1.11... I I.....................................................................
coking coal since I885. His
HOWELL                                                   latest interest in this industry is as president and a director of the Tower Hill-Connellsville Coke Company,
organized in jantiary, I907, with a capital Of $5,500,000He has also been interested in street railwavs electric
lighting, banking and mantifacttiring. He is a stockholder and director of the Rich Hill Coke Company and
other companies, and vice-president of the McCrumHowell Company. The latter has a radiator plant at
lTliiontown that is second larLyest in the country, an
enamel-ware plant that is largest in America, and a fine
boiler and f urnace f actory at Norwich, Conn. These
plants employ goo men. The head offices are at 46-48
East Twentieth Street, New York.
Such versatility must result f rom good blood, which
1-nunificent sun-i of three dollars per ii-ionth aild his board.
He next engaged as water carrier for Frederick Gwinner, who was then building the Atlas Coke Works at
Dtinbar. A little later on he was employed as a clerk
in various stores, the last position of this kind paying
him forty dollars per month. During all this activity
of his yotith he had labored with a high ambition for
the greater things of life and a determinatioll to conqtier
difficulties, and he finally entered the University of
Michigan in i886.
He graduated in iSgi with the degree LL.B., and
afterward s studied law with Hon. S. Leslie Mestrezat
)f the Stipreli-le Cotirt of
of Uniontown, now justice o
Pennsylvania.  For a year
after being admitted to the.Fayette County bar he practiced in Uniontown, when
he came to Pittsburgh, recognizing the greater advantages and opportunities offered in this metropolis. He
formed a legal partnership
with John A. M-Lirphy, and
as M-Lirphy  Hosack engaged in a general law practice. This partnership was
dissolved in I904, Mr. Hosa.ck becoming at that time
the senior member of the
firl-n Hosack, Knox  Hosack, a legal combination of
force and achievement. He
is also a member of the firm
of Hosack  Eastman, corporation lawyers, with offices
in Harrisburgh. T h e s e
allied firms enjoy a large
and lucrative practice
among the greater corporation interests of the countv.
As a legislator, Mr. Hosack's career reflected credit
GEORGE D.
upon himself and was a
a source of general satisfaction to the district he represented. He was a member of the State House of Representatives dtiring the sessions I897-I899-I90I, and was
quite prominent, serving on the Corporation Col-iimittee,
and held the important position of chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means in iSgg.
In a business way he is also prominent, holding the
position of vice-president and counsel in the Carnegie
Coal Company, vice-president of the National Pltimbing
 Heating Co., and is a director in the f ollowing concerns: Cariiegie Coal Company, National Plumbing 
Heating Co., Bessenier Coal  Coke Co., Republic Bank
Note Company, Meadville  Conneaut Lake Traction Co.is manifest in Mr. Howell's ancestral history.  His
father "camne west" in 1845, a graduate fresh from Columibia College, settling at Uniontown and building up
and mnaintaining for 40 years an extensive law practice.  The latter's father, an importing merchant in
New York, who sent his own vessels to the Orient, came
of the Philadelphia and New Jersey Howells, soldiers
in the wars of I776 and I812. Jacob Howell was commissary general under General Washington. Arthur
Howell was the orginal of the Quaker preacher in Dr.
S.  Weir  Mitchell's  novel,  "Hugh  Wynne,  Free
Quaker."   Another ancestor, of English stock, originally  fromn  Wales, was
John Ladd, the surveyor
who laid out Philadelphia
for William Penn.
Mr. Howell was married
at Boston, June 27, I888,
to Miss Grace Hurd, of that
city. The family home is a
handsome country place on
the old National Pike about
a mile east of Uniontown,
Pa.  Mr. Howell served
four years as a member of
Company C, Tenth Regiment, National Guard of
Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Duquesne Club
of Pittsburgh, and of the
Alpha Delta College fraternity.
JOHN PORTER
HUNTER-One of the
busiest and at the same time
most genial lawyers of the
Allegheny County Bar Association is John Porter
Hunter. By n a t u r e and
education he is unpretentious, but withal bright,
energetic, and capable. His
large and enviable clientele is representative of the highest and best business and professional interests, and their
trust in his counsel is repaid by services unexcelled in all
that makes for success in their various capacities.
He comes of Irish parentage. His father is Thomas
A. Hunter, manager of the nail factory of Jones 
Laughlin. His mother is Sara A. Hunter, a descendant
of a fine old Irish ancestry.  Their son received a portion of his education under the direction of a tutor, finishing his school work at Washington and Jefferson
College.
He read law after leaving college and was admitted
to practice in I882 at the bar of Allegheny County. He
has been continuously engaged in his profession ever
since. In I9oI he formed a partnership with S. Schoyer,
Jr., which continued until I9o7. On Jan. I, I9o7, the
firm of Lyon, Hunter and Burke was formed, and in
this connection Mr. Hunter is a valuable and successful
practitioner.
Mr. Hunter has never aspired to political office of
any kind.  He is a director in the Guarantee, Title 
Trust Co., and in the Pittsburgh Surety Company, and
is a director and secretary in the Consolidated Oil Company.
He is a member of the representative social clubs
of Pittsburgh, and is highly
respected by all.
EDWARD LEE
K E A R N S-Edward Lee
Kearns, one of the brightest
lawyers of the younger generation practicing in Pittsburgh, was born at the Bolton Hotel, Harrisburg, Pa.,
March 3I, I873. He is unmarried.  His father, Edward P. Kearns, was born
in Pittsburgh, February 23,
I833. He was a son of
Edward Kearns, who came
to Pittsburgh from  Baltimore in I807.
Edward L. Kearns, the
subject of this sketch, was
educated at the Harrisburg
Academy and at Pittsburgh
College. He left college to
read law  witlh David T.
Watson; was admitted to
the bar December 14, I899,
continued until October I,
I905. He is now practicing
law at 6II Frick Building.
He was assistant custodian
of the Federal Building
under his father as custodian in I894.  Enlisted - as
a private in Troop M, First U. S. Volunteers Cavalry (Rough Riders) in I898, but did not see active service; enlisted as private Company B, Eighteenth Regimnent (Duquesne Greys), January 19, I899;
elected Second Lieutenant March 29, I89o, and First
Lieutenant January  3I, I900.  He  was  appointed
Captain and Regimiental Adjutant November 13, I902;
was elected Major March 4, I904.
HON. JOSEPH A. LANGFITT-Hon. Joseph A.
Langfitt, Senator from  the 44th District of Pennsylvania, was born at Kendall, Beaver County, PennsylHON. JOSEPH A. LANGFITT84   T H E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
ville, he is claimed as an honored graduate. After studying law in the offices of Myers and Kinnear at Franklin,
he amply proved his qualifications and was duly admitted
to the Bar in I869.
In I87I he was elected a member of the Council of
Franklin. Because of his record as a councilman, he
was promoted  to be mayor of the city.  From  the
mayor's chair, in I878, he was elevated to a seat in the
State Senate.  In  I 882 he was re-elected.  Later he
declined a nomination to Congress. A staunch Republican, an effective speaker, noted for his ability to discuss the tariff question, on stump, in various parts of the
country, in the first Harrison campaign, james W. Lee
rendered his party distinguished and valuable service.
Since attaining in that way national recognition, his
subsequent career has made him even more prominent.
After practicing for three years, in 1872 he formed
a law partnership with S. C. T. Dodd, which continued
until I88I. After this partnership was dissolved, Dodd
eventually became the senior counsel of the Standard
Oil Company, while Lee was known as one of the Standard's strongest and most unyielding opponents. Despite
the great divergence of their views as to what was best
for the oil business, the two eminent attorneys were
always friends. The legal champion of those who were
unalterably opposed to trust methods was a pall-bearer at
Dodd's f uneral.  Five years after the termination of
his partnership with S. C. T. Dodd, Senator Lee was
associated with N. B. Smiley and F. W. Hastings. On
the death of Mr. Smiley, George S. Crisswell, now
Judge of Venango County, joined the firm. This partnership contract ended in I891. In I894, Senator Lee
removed to Pittsburgh. Here for five years he was the
head of the law firm of Lee and Chapman. Then he
practiced alone for three years.  In I902 was formed
the present firm of Lee and Mackey, the members of
which are James W. Lee, Eugene Mackey, Cornelius D.
Scully and Ralph R. Lee. The law offices of Lee and
Mackey are in the Columbia Bank Building.
A pioneer in the oil business, the executive of the
first independent oil company and, in its most strenuous
years, President of the Pure Oil Company, james W.
Lee, both financially and legally, in the desperately
prolonged battle between the trusts and the independents, contributed largely to the achievement of the
victory that has been obtained. That he might give his
undivided attention to the legal side of the controversy,
he voluntarily resigned the presidency of the company
he had helped to build up So substantially. He is now
the Vice-President and a Director of the Pure Oil Company.
HON. SAMUEL ALFRED McCLUNG-Ranking
high in the long list of able jurists who have graced
the local Bench is the Hon. Samuel Alfred McClung.
Judge McClung is a native of the county, and was born
vania, October I9, I858. He graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in I879, with degree of
A.B., receiving degree of A.M. three years later; was
admitted to the bars of Beaver and Allegheny Counties
in 1882, and has practiced law continuosly since. He
has argued cases in all the branches of the Pennsylvania Courts and the Federal Courts, including the Supreme Court of the United States.  He served f our
years in Select Council, and three years in Board of
School Control of Allegheny City. He has been successively President of the Mercantile Bank of Pittsburgh,
of the Federal National Bank of Pittsburgh, and of the
Bank of Brushton. He is a Director of the Mercantile
Trust Company, Bankers Trust Company and Central
Trust Company of Pittsburgh. He has also been Supreme Regent of the Royal Arcanum and President of
the National Fraternal Congress. He is a member of
the Duquesne Club, Tariff Club, Americus Club, Metropolitan Club and Colonial Club of Pittsburgh, and the
Harrisburg Club of Harrisburg.
He was elected a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania, November 6, I9o6. He resides at No. 509 South
Linden Avenue, Pittsburgh.
ALFRED McCLUNG LEE-The SON of a greatly
respected Baptist preacher, the Rev. George L. Lee, and
the grandson of the Rev. Samuel McClung, a noted
Presbyterian minister, connected on his mother's side
with the well known McClung family, Alfred McClung
Lee was born in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, on June 7,
1873A graduate of the public schools, and of the State
Normal School at Indiana, Pennsylvania, at the age of
I9 he secured a teacher's position in a country school in
Cambria County. Next he was made the principal of the
Walnut Grove School near Johnstown. Again he was
promoted, this time to be the principal of the Fourth
Ward School at Johnstown, which situation he held until
I897. Then, after traveling for a year for a school supply house, young Lee began his studies in the Law Department of the Western University of Pennsylvania.
On graduating in I 902 he was admitted to the bar and
entered into active practice. In his special line of corporation work, as a lawyer he has already achieved substantial success. Since the organization of the Juvenile
Court he has been the counsel of the officers of the court.
The clubs to which Mr. Lee belongs are the Oakmont
Country Club, the Oakmont Boat Club, and the Elks
Club and Press Club of Pittsburgh.
JAMES W. LEE-Successful in law and politics,
famous as the advocate of the cause of the independent
oil producers, James W. Lee has his place in history. He
was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, in 1845. Having
attended both institutions, by Westminster College, at
New Wilmington, and by Allegheny College, at MeadMarch 2, I845, his parents being the Rev. Samuel M.
McClung, a well-known minister of the Presbyterian
Church, and Mrs. Nancy C. McClung.  His ancestors
were among the earliest Scotch-Irish settlers in Western
Pennsylvania, whose impress is stamped upon the community to this day.  Jeremiah Murray, a prominent
pioneer of "Old Westmoreland," was his great-grandfather on the maternal side.
Judge  McClung  graduated  at Washington, now
Washington and Jefferson College, at Washington, Pa.,
in the class of I863, and takes much interest in the local
alumni association of the united colleges.  He was adnitted to the bar December
15, I868, and practiced in
Pittsburgh  until May 27,
I89I, when he was commissioned Judge of Common
Pleas No. 3. In the fall of
the same year he was elected
to the same position for a
full ten-year term, and in
I90I was re-elected, and is
now serving his second full
term.
WILLIAM A. MAGEE-One of the best
k no w n young  attorneys
now practicing at the Allegheny County Bar is William A. Magee, a representative of the old family of
that name which has been
prominent in  Pittsburgh's
social, business, professional
and political life for more
than a century.
Mr. Magee was born in
Pittsburgh, May 4, 1873,
and is a son of Edward S.
and  Elizabeth  S. Magee.
His paternal ancestors came
from Ireland in the middle
of the eighteenth century, and those on the maternal side
from Germany and France in the early part of the nineteenth century. Some of the latter were among the earliest settlers at Canton, O., and were all farmers.
The subject of this sketch was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh, including the Central High School.
His first employment was that of a clerk, but the boy
early determined to qualify himself for a better position
in life, so he read law at night, and was admitted to the
Allegheny County Bar in 1895, when he had barely
reached his majority.  He has been successfully practicing his profession in Pittsburgh since the date of his
formal admission to the ranks of the disciples of Blackstone.  He has served as Assistant District Attorney,
as a member of Common Council of the City of Pittsburgh, and as a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania, in the last-named body being the successor of his
uncle, the late Christopher Lyman Magee, who was for
many years considered Pittsburgh's foremost citizen.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican
nomination for Mayor of Pittsburgh in I906, after a
brilliant canvass which added to his popularity as well
as acquaintanceship.  He was elected to the Chairmanship of the Republican County Committee of Allegheny
County, unanimously, in November, I906, upon the elevation of the Hon. T. J.
Ford to c o m m o n p l e a s
bench. He has since retired
from  this chairmanship in
order to devote his attention to the exacting duties
of his large and growing
professional practice.
Mr. Magee's successful
career is but another illustration of the opportunities
open to young men in this
country, when backed up by
pluck, energy, intelligence
and character. He helped
himself to honorable position by displaying the ability
to fill such positions creditably when, of course, others
were naturally ready to assist in his advancement.
Whether Mr. Magee's
professional and political
e n g a g e m e n t s were too
strenuous to allow him time
to attend any of the busy
terms of Cupid's co u rt,
"where tender plaintiffs actions bring," is not exactly
known, but certain it is that
he is still a bachelor. He
is a member of the Duquesne, Country, Americus and
other clubs.
JOHN MARRON-Mr. Marron was born in Pittsburgh on August 28, 1854, and is consequently 53 years
of age, although he looks and acts the part of a much
younger man, doubtless owing to his correct habits of
life. He is the son of James and Margaret McCune
Marron, and was educated in the public and private
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny and in the Pittsburgh Central High School, in all of which he proved
himself a bright student.  He was admitted to the Allegheny County Bar in December, 1875, and immediately
HON. SAMUEL A. McCLUNG86   T H  E   S T O R Y   O F   P I T T S B U R G H
gave evidence of legal talent which has since been devel-  backing  the "Pittsburgh  and Toledo" was to secure
oped so strikingly.                                     Attorney  Neeper's services.  In  this connection  Mr.
Mr. Marron has attained that enviable position at the  Neeper, with Col. Wells H. Blodgett, General Counsel
Bar, where he is retained on one side or the other of   of the Wabash Railroad Company, procured the passage
nearly every important criminal case.  This is a standing,  of the Act of Congress which enabled the Pittsburgh
of course, which could only be attained by industry, per- and Mansfield Railroad Company to build the present
severance and brains, together with unflagging loyalty  "Wabash  Bridge"  across  the  Monongahela  River.
to the best interests of his clients.  He is a profound   Neeper was counsel for the Pittsburgh and Mansfield
student of legal principles, which he is said to be able to   Railroad Company, the Washington County Railroad
apply quickly and accurately to every case that he accepts.  Company, the Pittsburgh, Toledo and Western Railroad
Mr. Marron is a lover of books outside of the law,  Company, and he organized Gould interests that afterand is an authority on many phases of literature, science   wards, under his direction, were consolidated in, Pittsand history.  He is also a great lover of flowers, and at  burgh, Carnegie and Western Railroad Company and
his pleasant home at Quaker Valley he has many  rare  the present Wabash, Pittsburgh Terminal Railway Comhorticultural specimens with which he delights to enter-  pany.  Through Neeper's efforts was obtained a decitain his friends.                                       SiON of the Allegheny County Court which permitted the
Wabash extension to begin building of its railway system
A. M. NEEPER-A. M. Neeper has been, and is  into Pittsburgh.
counsel for some of the most important interests in Pitts-     A. M. Neeper at present represents the Greene County
burgh; under his guidance have been brought about nu-  and Buckhannon  Northern Railroad Company, which
merous mergers in volving vast amounts of capital.  As  are to be constructed.  In several of these roads he is an
counsel for the purchasers of the Allegheny and Man-  officer and director.
chester Traction System, as the legal adviser of the       He assisted in the organization and was an officer and
Widener-Elkins-Magee syndicate, which, with Thomas   counsel of the American Trust Company, and, as counsel,
N. Bigelow, acquired  the  Pittsburgh, Oakland  and   supervised the merger and consolidation of the American
East Liberty Passenger Railway and other Pittsburgh   and the Pennsylvania Trust Companies, and the acquirestreet railway  properties, Mr. Neeper effectually  as-  ment by the American Trust Company of the Columbia
sisted to put through some large and advantageous con-  Nationa Bank Tradesman's National Bank and the
solidating  undertakings.  He organized  the Millvale,  Germania Savings Bank; and after such merger and acEtna and Sharpsburg Street Railway Company, and by   quirement, he represented the American Trust Company
combining it with the Northside and Transverse Pas-  in its consolidation with the present Colonial Trust Comsenger  Railways, constituted  the  present Allegheny   pany.
Traction Company, of which he is now the Secretary,
Treasurer and Counsel.  In fact, Mr. Neeper acted as           CHARLES ANTHONY  O'BRIEN-Charles Ancounsel in the organization of the traction companies,  thony O'Brien is one of the most prominent of Pittswhich in Pittsburgh and Allegheny first reconstructed as  burgh's lawyers, his long legal career being marked by
cable and electric railways the principal passenger lines  many successes. He was born Nov. 27, I853, in Baldwin
now  merged in the Pittsburgh Railways Company's sys-  Township, now Carrick Boro.
tem.                                                        His father, Dr. J. H. O'Brien, who devoted fifty
He was the attorney for the syndicate that formed   years of his life to the medical, profession in this country,
the Pittsburgh Brewing Company, which splendid or-  was born in Carrick-on-Suir, Ireland, and graduated
ganization as it stands to-day is attributed to Neeper's  from  the University of Dublin.  He emigrated to the
consumate skill.  Likewise he was the only legal ad-  United States in 1832, settling in Allegheny County,
viser of the associated capitalists that organized the  where he continued the practice of medicine till his death
Independent Brewing Company of Pittsburgh.              in I887.  His wife, whose maiden name was Jane J.
A. M. Neeper was exclusively the counsel controlling   Neel, died in I895, aged 74.
the formation of the Pittsburgh Coal Company.  In this           Charles A. O'Brien attended the common schools of
was involved the unifying of over IOO rival coal opera-  this country and afterwards graduated from  St. Vintors and the consolidation of over 85,ooo acres of coal.  cent's Catholic College, Wheeling, W. Va. Mr. O'Brien
The organization of this company has been copied since  studied medicine several years, part of which time he
by other combinations of a similar nature throughout the  spent as interne at the West Penn Hospital of this
country.                                                city.  Deciding that he preferred the legal profession,
The counsel for the syndicate that organized the   he began the study of law with the late Capt. Samuel C.
Pittsburgh Stove and Range Company was A. M. Neeper.  Schoyer, and was admitted to the bar in 1876.  Mr.
When the Goulds with their railroad sought to enter  O'Brien, who is the senior member of the firm of O'Brien
Pittsburgh, about the first move made by those who were   Ashley, has been engaged in general law practice successfully, and has been identified with many important
cases, both civil and critinal. M. O'Brien has been an
active Republican in m1any- hot camnpaigns.
HON. JAMES H. REED-Many Pittsburghers having inside knowledge of the now famnous clash between
Mr. Carnegie and Mr. Frick will always give credit for
the final settletent to Judge Reed. Jamnes B. Dill was
called into the case merely for his knowledge of New
Jersey law, but walked off with the laurels of the man
who accomplished the calling off of hostilities.
Judge Reed was born in what was then Allegheny
City, September Io, I853, a son of Dr. J. A. and Elizabeth H. Reed.  His father
was for 1nany years superintendent of the Western
Pennsylvania Hospital for
thle Insane.  The son's elementary education was secured in the public schools
of the Northside and finished in Western University
o f  Pennsylvania,  f r o m
which he graduated in 1872.
In I875, when a young 1nan
of 22 years, lie took up the
study of law in the office of
his uncle, David Reed, who
was one of Pittsburgh's famous attorneys in the early
(lays. Equipped with a great
degree of natural ability,
energy and pluck, and given
the benefit of most careful
training in youth and the
best of legal advice when a
young man branching out
into law, Reed soon 1lade
himiiself a man to be respected in worldly affairs.
Young Reed had studiedl
withl his uncle but two years
Twhen, in 1877, he began the practice of law in company
with another young man who seemed destined to make
his mark in the Wvorld  P. C. Knox. The law firm of
Knox and Reed was formed, which, minus the presence
of the junior United States Senator from Pennsylvania,
exists now under the name of Reed, Shaw, Smith 
Beal. Mr. Reed still spends mnany hours at his law office,
though the enormous detail attached to his manifold
business ventures demand most of his time. His practice is to turn cases over to his law partners whenever
possible.
Title of Judge Reed, which still clings to him, springs
fromn his occupancy of the United States district court
bench for less than a year's time.  He was appointed
judge by President Benjamin Harrison, February 20,
I89I, when Judge Acheson resigned to take the place
on the circuit bench left vacant by Judge McKennan,,
and resigned, through ill health, January 15, 1892.
Judge Reed was one of the advisers of Andrew Carnegie in his industrial ventures for years, besides being
engaged in shaping the legal work for innumerable big
industries. Besides being president of the Philadelphia
Company, he is on the boards of the various subsidiary
concerns, and interested in innulnerable banking an(d
financial institutions. He is nmember of the Union, Duquesne, University, Crucible and other clubs, a member
of the Chamber of Commerce, and admitted to practice in the United States Supremne  Court and  before
courts in various States.
Judge Reed was married in June, I878, to Miss
Kate J., daughter of David
Aiken, Jr., the couple having four children, Joseph
H. (deceased), David A.,
Janmes H., Jr., and Katherine. The Reeds have a
magnificent home  in  the
Shadyside  section  of the
city.
HON. EDMOND
HOMER REPPERT-Of
Pennsylvanians  wllo  have
been honored by the votes
of their fellow citizens, few
are, by the result of the
ballot, mnore appropriately
clothed witli the dignities
and responsibilities that appertain to the office of judge
than the Hon. E. H. Reppert, of. Fayette County.
His. election was not accidental.  He was cliosen
because he was so wvell known, because a majority of the
voters of Fayette Cotnty realized that he was in every
way worthy and well qualified  for the place.  The
county in which he was born and raised, the district in
which he had practiced law successfully for 15 years,
was cognizant of his talent and character.  People,
amnong whom lhe had lived all his life, were for him
unhesitatingly.
Edmond Homer Reppert was born in Fayette County,
Pennsylvania, on October 25, I855.  Educated at the
public schools and at Bucknell College, he studied law
under the preceptorship of Judge Nathaniel Ewing. Adnitted to the bar in 1883, he began the practice of law
under favorable auspices. For I5 years he practiced in
CHARLES A. O'BRIENalso, that in I 905 it made more than 15 per cent.
of the iron and steel of the whole world.  In the
same year it produced 743,612 gross tons of the 3,375,929 gross tollns of the steel rail production of the United
States.  Of the 2I4,398,I87 barrels of petroleum. that
came out of the wells of the world in I905, Pittsburgh
produced 7,476,786 barrels. The furnaces of Pittsburgh
turned out 5,410o,89go gross tons of pig iron of the
53,500,000 tons of those of the world and of 22,992,380
tons of the United States. In I906 it had 47 blast furnaces, with an annual capacity of 6,6oo,ooo tons; 14
Bessemer converters, with a capacity of 3,500,000 tons;
I69 open hearth furnaces, with a capacity of 5,000,000
tons. In the item of coke production Pittsburgh's 36,383
ovens turned out and shipped I8,I7I,94I tons, valued at
$36,424,45I, as against 83,599 outside ovens making and
shipping 23,66I,oo00 tons of a value of $46,I44,94I.
The value of the plate glass production of Pittsburgh
was $5,250,000, as against $7,978,523 of that of the rest
of the United States. The window glass output was
worth  $5,ooo,ooo, as against $6,6Io,ooo  elsewhere.
Lamp and electric light glassware manufactured here
was worth $3,ooo,ooo, as against a value of $I,8oo,ooo
in various parts of the Union. Pressed glass production
was worth $3,800,ooo, and elsewhere it was valued at
very much less. In I905 the value of glass products of
the United States was $79,600,ooo, of which that of
Pittsburgh was worth $38,000,000. In the matter of
electrical and air brake manufactures, underground cable
and wire, railway switch and signal appliances, a commanding position has been maintained.  In I906 the
value of the production of electrical and auxiliary supplies in Pittsburgh was $45,000,000, and that of the
balance of the United States was $250,000,000ooo. The
value of the switch and signal appliances was $6,I00,000.
Underground cable and wire to the value of $I 5,000,000
was manufactured here, and in the rest of the Union it
was worth $7I,ooo,ooo. Air brakes made in Ig9o6 sold
for $Io,4I6,0oo, and in other parts of the United States
for $7,005,000. Pittsburgh is the center of the steel car
building industry.  In this particular branch alone are
employed 47,500 men. The consumption of steel reaches
the enormous figure of 1,000,000 gross tons annually.
The annual production of cars has reached 80,000 and
the capacity is 84,5Io cars. The daily capacity is 270
cars.  These cars are shipped to every railroad in the
world. A summary of the manufacture of some other
products is not uninteresting at this time. Pittsburgh in
the item of structural shapes turns out 88I,932 gross tons
of these, and in other sections of the United States 778,587 gross tons are made. Of tin plate I75,000 net tons
are made; of tubing 60g,0o00 gross tons, and of sheet
metal 230,000 net tons are manufactured annually.  In
the item of cork 5,000 tons are consumed, with a finished
production of 2,500 tons. The value of this is $7,500,ooo. The capital invested is $4,725,000. In I906 250,ooo,ooo feet of natural gas were consumed daily by
I70,000 families and I,ooo factories.  More than 200
wells are drilled annually.
Pittsburgh's educational system is as large as it is beneficent.  As in all cosmlopolitan centers, things are more
or less formative. The rapidity of the work of "benevolent assimilation," however, is at once intelligent and
satisfactory. The public schools are doing the work
PITTSBURGH, SHOWING JUNCTION OF THE ALLEGHENY AND MONONGAHELA RIVERS0 F   p
88
I T T S B U R G H
S T O R Y
of legal instruction he was admitted to the AlleghenyCounty bar before he had attained his majority in I866.
He was Solicitor for the City of Allegheny from I870
to I888, during which period his practice and study made
him a recognized authority on municipal law, which he
is to-day. Since I903 he has been city solicitor of Pittsburgh, and as such handled the important litigation incident to the gas and the Greater Pittsburgh cases.
HON. ELLIOTT RODGERS-Mr. Rodgers was
born in Allegheny City on December I2, 1865. He was
educated in the public schools of his native city, and at the
Pittsburgh Academy, where he took high rank as a student inclined towards original research and investigation
with a determination to know the why and wherefore of
assertions made in the text-books.  After leaving the
academy he studied law and was admitted to the Allegheny County bar in 1887 at the early age of 22. When
only 30 years of age he was elected to the responsible
position of city solicitor of Allegheny. He was reelected to this position in 1898 and again in I900.
In January, I90I, Mr. Rodgers was appointed by
the governor of Pennsylvania to fill a vacancy on the
bench of Common Pleas Court No. 2 of Allegheny
County, and took his seat as judge in that court on Feb.
9, I9OI. In November of the same year this appointment
was confirmed by the votes of the people, as shown by
his election for a full term of ten years. This elevation
to the bench after only 14 years at the bar and only 36
years of age is said to have no parallel in the legal history of Allegheny County.
After serving with great credit on the common pleas
bench for about four years, Judge Rodgers found, as
other jurists before him have found, that the judicial
salary did not by any means measure up to the income
from the private practice which the same legal talent
could command. Accordingly, with much reluctance, he
felt compelled to lay aside the high honors conferred
upon him by his fellow citizens, and resigned to become
general counsel for the Pittsburgh Coal Company, one
of the greatest industrial concerns in the country. But
even this position, with a large salary attached, was not
held long until the citizens of Allegheny tendered other
honors to Mr. Rodgers in the shape of the Republican
nomination for the State Senate in the forty-second district for a four-year term beginning Jan. I, I907. Senator Rodgers at once took high rank in the Senate, and
is a member of a number of important committees.
When Judge Rodgers retired from the bench he
organized the present well known law firm of Rodgers,
Blakely and Calvert, of which he is the head.
Judge Rodgers comes of good old Scotch-Irish stock,
which has been dominant in western Pennsylvania for
more than a century. He is a son of Thomas L. and
t  Clara Scott Rodgers, his father having been a prominent
merchant f or many years, and now a member of the
Fayette County, and all the while he rose higher and
higher in the public estimation. In I898 he was elected
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County.
In I899 he succeeded Judge Mestrezal as President Judge.
On the bench he illustrates to good advantage the qualities which Socrates said a judge should have.
ANDREW C. ROBERTSON-Andrew C. Robertson is one of the most genial and versatile members of
the Allegheny County bar. Born i n Glasgow, Scotland,
MaY 4, I850, he came to this country in April, I866, and
is a striking example of the self-educated man. Until
1883 he was a glass blower, and for a number of years
was president of the glass blowers' organization in this
city.
In I883 he was elected to the State House of Representatives, serving in that capacity for three terms.
During his last term as a legislator he went into the law
office of Fred Magee as a student. He made. good use
of his time, and in I890 was admitted to practice. His
familiarity with people and conditions has stood him in
good stead in his profession, and he still follows the calling in which he is so successful with both civil and criminal cases.
In I888 he was elected a member of select council
from the 35th ward, serving six years. He then moved
to the 22nd ward, where he now resides. In I896 he was
elected chairman of the Republican Executive Committee,
being continuously elected to the same position until
1903.
His law offices are located in the Frick Building
Annex, where, with all his experience at their command,
his clients seek and receive the counsel which by dint of
his own exertions he has wrested from life and its mutabilities.
WILLIAM BLACKSTOCK RODGERS-William
B. Rodgers is doubtless one of the most distinguished attorneys now in active practice in Pennsylvania, and one
of the busiest professional men in the city of Pittsburgh,
where busy men are not uncommon. Aside f rom his
imortant duties as- the head of the law department of
the city he is very f requently retained in the greatest
cases coming before the county, the superior and the
supreme courts.
Mr. Rodgers was born in Allegheny City July I,
1846, his father being the Rev. James Rodgers, a prominent minister of the gospel, and his mother Eliza Livingston. His father was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, and came to this country alone at the age of
seventeen. His mother was born in Washington County,
New York, and when a child moved with her parents to
Washington County, Pennsylvania.
Mr. Rodgers received his literary and scientific training at the Western Univeristy of Pennsylvania and at
Allegheny City College, Allegheny. After a due course
T H ET H E   S T O R Y   O F  -P I T T S P, U R G H    89
county tax board.  His grandfather, the Rev. James
Rodgers, came from the north of Ireland early in the
nineteenth century, founded the Second U. P. Church of
Allegheny and preached there for 33 successive years.
His grandmother was Eliza Livingston, one of the very
early settlers in western Pennsylvania.  His  mother's
parents were John Scott and Mary Elliott, who were
among the early settlers in Allegheny County.
RICHARD BROWN SCANDRETT -Among the
younger generation of attorneys who have been conspicnously successfull as practitioners at the Allegheny
County bar is the gentleman whose name heads this
article.
For generations it has been the custom of certain
classes of irresponsible people to hurl their shafts of
feeble witticism at the legal profession as if its members were a sort of necessary evil who preyed upon unfortunate litigants. This notion, however, has long been
banished from the minds of intelligent citizens by the
upright conduct of the average jurist and counsellor as
exemplified at the bar of Allegheny County, which, it is
said, has no superior in the State or in other States.
Since the days of old "Coke upon Lyttleton" and of
Blackstone, law students have been taught to magnify
the nobility of their calling by respecting the rights of
others and dealing honestly with their clients and with
themselves.
The cheerful idiot who says lawyers are unnecessary
usually changes his mind when he hears the verdict in
the case which he attempted to plead for himself.
Richard B. Scandrett was born in Pittsburgh June
30, 1861, his parents being William A. Scandrett, a clerk,
and Mary Brown Scandrett. His- father was a native of
Ireland, while his mother was of American birth, but of
English parentage. He was educated in the public
schools of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, Adrian College,
Mich., and Washington and Jefferson College, graduating at the last named institution in I885.
Mr. Scandrett does not despise the day of small
beginngs, and is proud of the fact that at 14 years of
age he went to work as an office boy in a local real estate
office. From 1877 to I879 he was a page in the State
Senate, and a good one, too, and in'80 and'8I, was a
clerk in the same body. From I885 to 1887 inclusive
he was an instructor in the Allegheny High School, and
from 1887 to 1892 was the efficient secretary of the
board of school controllers of Allegheny. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County in December,
I889, and has been practic ing before the local courts
since that date. Among the positions now filled by Mr.
Scandrett are those of president of the Pittsburgh Transfer Company, director of the Wabash Passenger and
Baggage Company, counsel for the committee in charge
of the management of the Mobile, Jackson  Kansas
City Railroad Co., and a director in the same corporation.
Mr. Scandrett and Miss Agnes Morrow were married at Slippery Rock, Butler County, Pa., on July 8,
I890. Their children are Richard B. Scandrett, Jr.,
aged I6, Rebeckah, aged 14, and Jay Morrow Johnson,
aged I 2. The subject of this sketch takes a lively interest
in various social, political and business organizations, and
is a member of the Duquesne Club, the Americus Republican Club, the Pittsburgh Press Club, the Chamber of
Commerce, the Allegheny Turn-Verein, the Heptasops,
the Royal Arcanum, Phi Delta Theta, and others.
EDWIN WHITTIER SMITH-Edwin Whittier
Smith was born October 23, I857, in what was then
known as Mt. Washington Borough-now the 32nd
ward of Pittsburgh. His parents were both New Englanders; his father, Curtis Benjamin Miner Smith, a
lawyer, coming from Connecticut, and his mother,
Hannah Jacobs (Washburn) Smith, from New Hampshire.
His early education was secured in the Ayers Latin
School of Pittsburgh, where he prepared for college. At
the age of seventeen he entered Yale, graduating with
the class of I878. After reading and studying law for
the next two years, he was admitted to practice at the
bear of Allegheny County on Dec. 31, I880.
He became associated with judge J. H. Reed and
Attorney General Knox, entering their law office in
March, I88I, and his connection with that firm has
never been severed. In 1902 a new organization was perfected under the name of Reed, Smith, Shaw  Beal,
Mr. Smith being one of the chief counsel. This firm
enjoys a large clientele among the important and conservative commercial element of this community.
Mr. Smith is also connected with a number of business concerns, being president of the South Hills Trust
Company, and of the Mt. Lebanon Cemetery Company,
and a director in the following companies: The Reliance Life Insurance Company, the Monongahela Inclined Plane Company, the Opalite Tile Company.
He is unmarried and belongs to the Duquesne,
Union, Oakmont Country and University Clubs, and to
the Yale Alumni Association.
WILLIAM C. STILLWAGON-William Cassius
Stillwagon was born on July I2, 1852, at Claysville,
Washington County, Pa. He was the son of Andrew
Jackson and Jane Stillwagon, who were among the early
settlers in that part of the State.
He received his preliminary education at the West
Alexander Academy, West Alexander, Pa., after which
he became a student at St. Francis College, at Loretta
Pa., graduating with honors at the latter school.
It was his early ambition to take up the study of law,
and after completing his course at St. Francis College, his
parents decided to send him to the University of Notre
Dame, at Notre Dame, Ind., where he entered as a stugo   T H  E   S T O R At  O F  lP I T T S B U R G H
as draughtsman, inspector and mechanical engineer with
the Chicago  Northwestern Railroad Co., and the Crane
Company, of Chicago. He is now expert in litigation
for the Westinghouse Air Brake Company, the Crane
Company and many other huge concerns, with offices in
the Frick Building in Pittsburgh, and in the Commercial
National Bank Building in Chicago.
W. H. SEWARD  THOMSON-W. H. Seward
Thomson was born November I6, I856, in Independence Township, Beaver County, Pa. He was married
April 12, 1886, to Mary E. Imbrie, of Beaver, Pa.,
daughter of Hon. D. L. Imbrie, twice elected State Senator from Beaver County. The children of this marriage are Marguerite and Florine de Lorme Thomson.
Mr. Thomson is a grandson of Alexander Thomson, a
sickle maker, who came to Beaver County in I800.
W. H. S. Thomson was educated at Powell's Academy, Catlettsburg, Kentucky, Marshall College, Huntington, West Virginia, and Washington and Jefferson
College, Pennsylvania. He studied law and was admitted to practice in Cabell County, West Virginia, in
I88I, and located in Beaver December 5 of the same
year. In. I882 he f ormed a partnership with J. R. Martin, which was dissolved in I894. In the same year Mr.
Thomson moved to Pittsburgh and formed a partnership with his brother, Frank Thomson, which still continues.
While Mr. Thomson has held no political office, he
was the candidate of the Democratic and allied independent parties for district attorney of Allegheny County.
He was defeated, but was several thousand votes ahead
of his ticket. In addition to his legal work, Mr. Thomson has found some time for literary effort.  He has
been a popular lecturer in various sections of the country
on "Glimpses of Europe," "Victor Hugo and "Mirabeau the Orator o f the French Revolution. "
WILLIAM THOMAS TREDWAY-William
Thomas Tredway was born February 12, I862, at Warsaw, Coshocton County, Ohio.  His ancestors farmed
large tracts of land and were of English descent on the
father's side, and German on the mother's side.
Mr. Tredway was broght up on the farm until he
was eighteen. Educated at the Jefferson Academy he
was enabled by teaching a country school, and studying
much at night, to enter Washington and Jefferson College, graduating in 1886. He was class poet and business manager of the "Washington Jeffersonian," the class
publication.
Afterwards he read law with Wier  Garrison, continuing with J. M. Garrison until April, 1892, when he
became associated with Stone  Potter, with which firm
and its successors he has remained until they went into
the Frick Annex, Mr. Tredway remaining in the Bakewell Building, where he conducts a general and corporadent in the law school in I867. He was a dilligent and
faithful student, graduating and receiving his diploma
from this school in 1871.
Returning to his home, he decided to come to Pittsburgh to complete his studies, and accordingly entered
the law offices of J. H. Hopkins and T. C. Lazear, where
he remained for about three years.
He then applied for admission to the Allegheny
County bar, passed the examination, and was admitted
as a member on April 27, 1874. He immediately opened
an office in Pittsburgh, and since that time has been regarded as one of the foremost attorneys of this city. For
a number of years he has represented several of the city's
large corporations, and has a large practice in this class
of legal work.
HON. J. M. SWEARINGEN-The legal business
of Allegheny County required another court, and in response to that demand the legislature created Common
Pleas Court No. 4. On April 4, 1907, Governor Stuart
appointed as the president of that court and one of the
three judges, J. M. Swearingen, of Pittsburgh. It was
a most popular selection, Mr. Swearingen having been
endorsed by the Allegheny Bar Association. In the election which followed in November, Judge Swearingen
was re-elected to the high position he now holds.
Judge Swearingen was born in Hanover, Beaver
County, in 1857. He graduated from Washington and
Jefferson College in I879, read law with the Hon. Boyd
Crumrine at Washington, and was admitted to the practice o f law  in Pittsburgh in I88I.  Judge Swearingen
has never held a political office. He made a splendid
record as master in many important cases, and his eminent legal acquirements displayed in these and other matters commended him not only to the governor for appointment, but to the people who elected him in the general election in November, I907. He is very popular
with the bar of Allegheny County, where he has held
an honorable position for the past twenty-five years. The
singular coincidence connected with Judge Swearingen's
career is that he was admitted to practice at the Allegheny County bar on the very day President Garfield
was shot.
PAUL SYNNESTVEDT-A man of most varied
attainments and abilities, whose versatility has made for
him opportunities which his energy and adaptiveness enabled him to appropriate and subserve to his remarkable
career, is Paul Synnestvedt. He was born in Chicago
April 14, 1870. His parents came from the Norse countries, his father from Norway, and his mother from
Denmark.
He was admitted to the bar and began the practice
of his profession in Chicago in 1897. Prior to this time,
however, he had been laying the foundation for his
career as a patent law expert, being engaged practicallytion practice. In I9o6 he was elected vice-chairman of
the Republican County Committee, succeeding William
A. Magee, and was re-elected at a noted meeting of the
conmmittee that was called together afterwards. He has
been 1nany times a delegate to the Republican State Convention, has always taken an active interest in politics,
but has never been a candidate for public office.
He is counsel for the East End Savings  Trust Co.,
Ohio Valley Trust Company, The Coraopolis National
Bank, Logan County Coraopolis Industrial Company,
Coraopolis B.  L. Association, Coraopolis Reality Company, and Coraopolis Board of Trade.
HON. J. Q. VAN  SWEARINGEN-When Alton
B. Parker was Democratic candidate for President of the
United States it was urged in his behalf that he had been
the candidate of botli Republican and Delmocratic parties jointly for the exalted judgeship he held in New
York State. In Allegheny County there are instances of
judges who served the people well being re-elected as the
candidate of both old political organizations. However,
it reinained for Fayette County, old "Fiat," to elect a
mnan county judge who at his initial essaying to hold
public office, the first public office he was ever a candidate
for,. was the candidate of both Republican and Democratic voters.
This man is John Quincy Van Swearingen, judge of
Common Pleas Court in Fayette County.
Mr. Van Swearingen is the son of a farmer, and has
-himself been one.  Born in North Union Township,
Fayette County, February 20, i866, he was elected a
judge in November, I907, when not yet 42 years old.
A kind of self-made man that one reads about, Mr.
Swearingen worked, in his early clays, on the farm in
summer, and in winter attended the country schools.
He graduated from Mt. Pleasant Institute in I886, and
from the law department of the University of AMichigan
in I888, being adclnitted to practice before the Fayette
County bar the samne year. Thereafter he spent I9 years
in assiduously practicing law. At college he became a
member of the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. He never
drank intoxicating liquors in his life. He is unmarried.
As a lawyer he has no peers in Fayette County. His
is a record of verdicts secured through thorough preparation, in which bulldozing of opposing counsel and jurybaiting have had no part.  In physical proportions he
fits the judicial ideal most acceptably.
DAVID T. WATSON-David T. Watson was born
in Washington, Washington County, Pa., January 2,
I844, and spent the early part of his life in that town.
He attended the common schools, after which he enrolled
as a student at Washington and Jefferson College in
WVashington, and fromn which institution he graduated
high in his class in I864.
While at Washington and Jefferson, Mr. Watson deWILLIAM THOMAS TREDWAY
HON. J. Q. VAN SWEARINGENcided to take up the study of law, andl to enter the
Harvard Law School. In the meantime the Civil War
broke out, however, and he considered his first duty to
be that dule his country.  He accordingly enlisted in
Company B, 58th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment,
and later left that organization to become a member of
Battery D in Knapp's Battalion of Independent Artillery
Companies.  He saw considerable service in the two
years that he was enlisted, and in the fall of I866 decidecd to resume his sttiudies. He therefore made his plans
to enter the Harvardl Law School, which he didl in the
fall of I866, and was one
of the most brilliant students
in the famous school.
Mr. Watson  graduated
from that school in the same
year, and took the examination for admission to the bar
in Boston, Mass.  He successftilly passed this examination  and  was admitted
without difficulty, this taking place before he lhad been
graduated from  Harvard, a
most  unusual  occurrence,
and one that carries with it
a great deal of honor and
distinction.
After practicing in Boston for several months, Mr.
W\Satson decided to return to
Pennsylvania and to apply
for admission to the Allegheny County bar. Successfully passing this exatination also, he was admitted in
Janulary, I867, locating in
Pittsburgh, where he has
since practiced.
Since that timne he has
been identified with some of
the  most interesting  and
complicated legal cases that have ever come before
the judges of this county, and has for many years
been looked upon as one of the leading legal authorities of the  entire  country.  Some  years  ago  he
formed a partnership with John  M. Freeman, and
since that time has been senior member of the firm,
which is known as Watson  Freeman, and which is
located in the St. Nicholas Building. During the Alaska
seal controversy, when the boundry limits were so bitterly  disputed, Mr. Watson was the United  States
Counsel for the Alaska Boundary Commission, and was
an important factor in the settlement of the dispute. He
was also the United States Counsel in the famous cases
for the Government known as the "Merger" cases, which
were settled through his superior and widely recognized
ability as a diplomatist.
A. LEO  WEIL-It is frequently asserted that the
legal profession is overcrowded, however this may be,
undoubltedly, there is room at the top for those who have
the albility and the determination to rise. Never before
was there a greater demand for the services of good
lawyers.  In no previous time in the history of Pittsbulrgh have eminent attorneys occupied more advantageous positions than they do to-day.  In that he is ac-orded a standing propor-:ionate to his acumen, probity and zeal, is accounted for
the prominence of A. Leo
Weil.
From Bavaria, Germany,
came the ancestors of A.
Leo Weil. His father, Isaac
L. Weil, was established in
business in the South years
before the war.  A. Leo
Weil first opened his eyes in
Keysville, Charlotte County,
Virginia, on July ig, I858.
So soon as he could, he attended the common schools
of his home town in Virginia. Later he was sent to
the high school at Titusville,
Pennsylvania. Eventually he
graduated  from  the University of Virginia. After
receiving  his diploma, he
practiced law  for a while
in Bradford, Pennsylvania.
He met with some success,
but he was ambitious, and
Pittsburgh with its lure of
greater opportunities drew
himn away fromn Bradford.
In Pittsburgh, from time
to time, as his talent and trustworthiness becanme better known, he was employed in various important cases.
Both as a counsellor and advocate he made evident not
only his knowledge of the law, but the ability that was in
himn. As the legal representative of large interests, in the
days immediately preceding the organization of the
United States Steel Corporation, he proved to the satisfaction of his clients, at least, his shrewdness and capability.
When the Voters' League announced its intention, by
drastic action, to clarify somewhat the local political atmosphere, A. Leo Weil took a conspicuous and highly
successful part in the work. He is the present presiclent
of the organization.
D. T. WATSONi
I
WITHOUT mention of the engineering triumphs no story of Pittsburgh's great
growth locally and as the world's industrial
mart would be complete. To the consulting engineer it owes the same debt that the f rail child
who becomes a genius owes to the loving nursing of a
mother or the careful attention of the trained physician,
for the engineer has been mother as well as doctor to
Pittsburgh's ills. Such was Andrew Carnegie's appreciation of the thoroughly versed engineer that it is said
his first idea in founding the Carnegie Technical Schools
was to create more men of the kind he depended upon inthe upbuilding of the great steel industry.
In the immense mills and factories of the Pittsburgh
district, in the city's impressive office buildings, in the
home and on every mile of railroad and water route, is
seen the impress of the engineer's ability.
And in no place more than Pittsburgh are technicallv
trained engineers more in evidence nor the work of this
craft more  widely known.  The $7,000,000 filtration
plant Pittsburgh is building at Aspinwall, in point of
size and modern ideas is an engineering marvel, while
the great chain of locks and dams on the rivers in this
territory and overwhelming success attending their operation is one of the things that has made river improvement a national issue. The cantilever style of bridge
found its highest perfection in the Wabash structures
spanning the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh and the
Ohio River at Mingo Junction. Application of engineering ability to railroad and mill building has been one
series of unbroken triumphs.
In the modern sky-scraper the engineer has found much
to attract his attention, and nowhere have experimnents
been more thoroughly tried out than in Pittsburgh. Elevators for high buildings, power plant, heating and
lighting detail have offered boundless opportunities for
experiments. One especially Pittsburgh success was the
overcoming recently of the flood evil.  A  sky-scraper
located in the area usually visited by Pittsburgh's disastrous floods has been made waterproof against any flood
that does not reach a stage greater than 30 feet. This
was accomplished by waterproofing the concrete foundation of the structure.
Offering a meeting place and the opportunity of an
exchange of ideas, the Engineers' Society of Western
Pennsylvania, with its goo members, has been a big lift
in this work of progress. Many great technical questions
have been decided in the society's debates, and its career
has been a worthy one since it was founded March 20,
I88o. There were seven charter members: William
Metcalf, the first president; A. Gottlieb, the only member
who has since died; Thomas Rodd, E. M. Butz, N. M.
McDowell, William  Kent, and J. H. Harlow.  In the
society's rooms at any meeting night might be found the
greater percentage of the men to whom industrial Pittsburgh owes much of its glory.
Architecturally Pittsburgh has lo ng been noted, and
to this fame some of its native architects have added
new laurels. The old St. Paul's Cathedral, Fifth Avenue
and Grant Street, and the present city hall, were architectural landmarks, the former being long considered
one of the best examples of ecclesiastic architecture in
brick. The court-house, a modern architectural triumph,
is, besides, the masterpiece of Architect Richardson,
whose fame was world-wide.
Among the imposing buildings erected in Pittsburgh
in recent years was the Carnegie Library, since developed
into the expansive Carnegie Institute, on the outskirts of
93
SKILFUL ENGINEERS ARCHITECTS
Pittsburgh Finds Within Herself the Technical Ability
Sufficient for Her Wondrous Needs-Her Engineers and
Architects Meet Every Demand with Splendid SuccessSchenley Park, and regarded as one of the most imposing
buildings of its class in the world.  In a business way
the city's large buildings are considered of a character
equal to any in New York City in appointment and as
great in size as many of the boasted high structures in
the metropolis.
In the architecture of its residences the Steel City
is famous, these being  located mostly in the outlying
districts, where they have amtple surroundings to accentuate their effectiveness.  In the more expensive residences
there is practically no limit to the amount of 1oney
spent for outside and inside treattment.  In the cheaper
class of homes credit is given Pittsburgh for great variety, very little of the architectural sameness so frequently
encountered in other large cities being in evidence.
Great groups of buildings, like the Carnegie Technical
Schools structures, promise to be succeeded in the near
future by a great group representing the WVestern University of Pennsylvania, while Soldiers' Meimorial Hall
is to be a completed project of the future. Men who have
watched the city's wonderful growth say its architectural
beautification has only just begun.
GEORGE  T. BARNSLEY-Notwithstanding the
fact that he lhas resided in this commnunity but seven
years, George T. Barnsley is one of the most prominent
engineers in the city.
He received his early education in the public and
private schools of his native locality, subsequently taking
a civil engineering  course  in  Swarthmore  College,
Swarthmore,   Pa.  His practical education began with
his entering the enmploy of the Norfolk  Western Railroad Co. as rodman with the engineering corps of the
corporation in 1887.  By his interest in the study of
details and his conscientiousness in the performance of
his duties, he was rapidly advanced through the various
grades of position, being promoted in I890 to the position of resident engineer.  He was with this company
until I893, when his services were secured for engineering engagements by the Baltimore  Cumberland R. R.,
the Pittsburgh and Eastern R. R., the Buffalo, Rochester  Pittsburgh R. R., besides his private practice.
He devoted special attention to bridge and tunnel
construction, and in these branches of railroad work
became an expert.  His scientific knowledge and practical experience came in good stead when his services
wvere sought by the Wabash system at the time it decided to enter Pittsburgh.  He was made resident engineer in charge of the construction of the Pittsburgh
terminals including the Monongahela River bridge.  In
I905 lie was made chief engineer of the lines of the
Wabash systemn east of Toledo. During his connection
with this railroa(l he had superintended the gigantic work
on the Pittsburgh termlinal, constructing the cantilever
bridlge anii the station and the Duquesne WVay imnproveIments.
He is a member of a number of art and scientific
institutions of the country, including the Anierican Society of Civil Engineers, the Engineers' Club of Philadlelphia, the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, the American Society for Testing Materials,
the American Forestry Association, the National GeoCARNEGIE TECHNICAL SCHOOLSgraphic Society, the Art Society of Pittsburgh, vice-presi(lent of the Engineers' Society of W\estern Pennsylvania,
and of the Railway Club of Pittsburgh, a life member of
Franklin Institute, etc.
THE J. C. BARR COMPANY--The J. C. Barr
Cotmpany, Room  303 in the building at 309 Fourth
Avetnue, Pittsburgh, is probably one of the best known
firms of civil and contracting engineers in the Pittsblurgh District.
The concern, which is a partnership, is composed
of two brothers, J. Carroll Barr and John T. Barr, both
of whom have had wide experience in the above classes
of engineering, as well as
masonry  and bridge construction,  lock  and  dam
work and topographical surveys.
J. Carroll Barr has for
many years been identified
with the United States Governmient as a civil engineer,
and during this period has
been in charge of some of
the most important work
that tle government has undertaken in this part of the
country.  In  addition  to
having charge of 1many of
these  government  undertakings, Mr. Barr also conducted a private business of
his own, much of which was
of a consulting nature. On
February I, I905, he formed a partnership with his
brother, John T. Barr, this
being the beginning of the
present business.
At the time the Mellon
interests were forming their
street  rail way  companies,
since merged withl those of
the Pittsburgh Railways Comipany, John T. Barr held the
responsible position of assistant chief engineer, and during the construction of these dlifferent lines he personally
had charge of 1much of the roadbed construction, rightof-way, etc.
Both gentlelmen are identified with a numnber of local
mnannufacturing and industrial interests, holding several
positions of official importance in various concerns well
known to Pittsburghers.
BILLQUIST  LEE-If architects, like other people, mnay be rated according to their qlualifications, of
the architects of Pittsburgh who have achieved dlistinction, certainly among the most capable are Billquist 
Lee.
T. E. Billquist, the senior partner, graduated with
lhonor from  the celebrated Technological Institute of
Gothenburg, Sweden.  On coming to America in I887,
because of his evident proficiency, he secured immediate
and important employment in the offices of McKim,
Meadl  White; in New York and Boston he worked
for this firm over five years. Unquestionably McKinm,
Mead  White, as architects, take rank with the foremost in the UTnited States.  In 1893 he established his
office at 34I Sixth Avenue.
Notably successful in the
making of plans for private
residences, Mr. Billquist experienced no lack of prosperity. Nor was he ignored
so far as concerned public
works. The new Allegoheny
observatory  in  Riverside
Park is one of the contributions for which he is
best known. His lbusiness
increased to such an extent
that in 1904 Edward B. Lee
became his partner.
Obtaining his degree in
I893, Edward B. Lee completed  h i s  post-graduate
course in the Department of
Architecture  of  Harvard
University in I895. In I9oI
he won the "T r a v eli n g
Scholarship of H a r v a r d
College."  This prize carries with it opportunlities to
travel and study architecture in Europe. After traveling  extensively  through
England, France and Italy,
Mr. Lee successfully passed
the competitive examination of the Ecole des Beaux
Arts in Paris.  Since 1905 he has been Instructor in
Architecture at the Carnegie Technical Schools.
PAUL DIDIER -In the past the civil engineer took
rank as a constructor.  To-day upon him  are imposed
the addlitional duties of an administrator.  He is now
relied on, not only to get results in construction, but also
in maintenance ancd operation.  The ideal civil engineer
is an expert, practical, resourceful scientist who is likewise a shrewd and able business iman.  Formerly a civil
engineer was judged almnost wrholly by his ability to plan;
now whlen completed is the work of construction he is
GEORGE T. BARNSLEY96   T H E   S T O Rt Y   O F   P I T 1F S B U R G H
called upon to go on; his extended task is to procure increased efficiency, to eliminate all unproductive expenditure. In no other profession does achieving continued
success impose tests under conditions more severe.
Qualified indeed is the engineer who, weighted with
great and difficult responsibilities, rises higher and
higher, year by year. In Pittsburgh such a one, noted
alike for his scientific attainments and practical achievements, is Paul Didier.
Not favoritism, nor chance, caused him to be well
and favorably known for engineering work in connection with railway construction, betterment and maintenance.  In addition to talent, Mr. Didier is gifted with
initiative. From the day he entered the service o f the
Pittsburg  Western Railroad he proved his usefulness.
Instead of handling in a perfunctory way the tasks assigned him, he attacked his work with wholehearted
enthusiasm. Arduous duties did not intimidate Mr.
Didier. Nor was he baffled by difficulties of magnitude.
Able to plan, successfully, great undertakings, thorouughly
familiar with every phase and feature of railroading
that pertained to his department, Didier made his services
more and more valuable to the "Pittsburgh and Western,"  Time in the constantly widening field of civil
engineering, presented Mr. Didier large opportunities. He
made the most of them. Aside from his association with
the railroad, on occasions he was identified with other
very important work.  With the  Pittsburgh and Western," however, he remained. When that important road
became a part of the great "Baltimore and Ohio" system
the directors of the "B.  O." were not unappreciative
of what Mr. Didier had done and could do.  Professional
eminence is not attained in a day, nor do men long occupy
high positions unless their special fitness is demonstrated.
Of all the civil engineers now lending their ability to the
"B.  O., but few are entrusted with greater responsibility than Paul Didier. And not many, on any railway
system in the United States, are rated higher. Not only
in this country, but abroad his ability is conceded. His
standing as a civil engineer is based entirely on merit.
It has been said that "the dominant quality of a civil
engineer must be practical common sense, combined with
habits of care and accuracy, and with courage and training that will enable him to solve new problems and meet
emergencies with success."  This is a pretty  accurate
description of the character of Paul Didier. The exigencies of the service in which he has been engaged
admittedly have developed the traits that make for lasting and conspicuous success.
DOUGLASS    McKNIGHT-Whil  the  name
Doglass  McKnight is comparatively new  in the business world both members of this enterprising and progressive firm are well known and highly successfull in
their profession-civil engineering. This success is due
chiefly to the practical and thorough knowledge each
has of all departments of the business, every detail of
which is given their personal supervision. Their education and experience have been conducive to their enviable
standing among the engineering firms of the city and
county in point of quantity and quality of service rendered.
The firm was established Jan. I, I907, R. M.
Douglass, the senior member having been in business
several years previous to that event.  Their offices are
at I707 Union Bank Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
William E. McKnight was born Jan. I, I88I, at Mt.
Lebanon Pennsylvania, at which place his boyhood was
spent. After leaving school he was employed as chainman and transitman by R. L. Smith for six years (I8971903 ). He then spent one year with the Pittsburgh
Valve, Foundry  Construction Co. During the year
1904 he was draftsman for the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal  Coke Co. In I905 and for four months
of 1906 he was chief draftsman for the Pittsburgh 
Buffalo Co., leaving its employ at that time to accept
the position of assistant engineer with R. M. Douglass.
At the first of the following year (1907) he became
i(lentified with his late employer as a member of the firm
of Douglass  McKnight.
Although only thirty-five years of age, R. M.
Douglass has attained and at present holds many and
varied positions of honor and trust in this community.
He was born and raised on a farm at Library, Pennsylvania, attended the Western University of Pennsylvania working during vacations as chainman for Wilkins
 Davison. At the encl of his junior year at the university, he left school to accept a position with R. L.
Smiith as transitman, which position he held until I906,
when he accepted a similar one with Wilkins  Davison
on work at Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, during its development period. In November, 1897, he took a position with M. J. Alexander as engineer in charge of Ford
City improvements, and afterwards occupied similar
positions with Mr. Alexander at Chester, West Virginia,
and at Valley Park, Missouri. He left Mr. Alexander's
employ in October, 1904, to engage in business for himself in Pittsburgh.
Mr. Douglass is at present borough  engineer for
Oakmont, Verona, Ford City, Glenfield and Burgettstown, and engineer for the West Vernon Land Company and for the Oakmont Land  Improvement Co.,
all of which business he has transferred to the firm.
S. V. HUBER  CO.-It is to the genius of the
mechanical engineer that is due the Smoky City's continued supremacy in iron, steel and allied industries, and
among this class none is better known than the firm of
S. V. Huber  Co., occupying palatial offices in Suite
528-29 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, whose work the
test of time has made famous throughout the United
States in Canada and in Germany.Sigismund V. Huber, head of the company, trained
himself as few men have for his life work. A graduate
of Zurich Polytechnic, he spent ten years as chief engineer of the Reading Iron  Steel Works, Reading, Pa.,
and three years as engineer with the Lloyd-Both Conmpany, Youngstown, O., manufacturers of rolling mill
mlachinery, thus combining technical training, thorough
operating experience and practical knowledge of the
manufacturing and erecting end of the lbusiness. In I899
he went into business for hiimself, and the firmn has
prospered.
Some of the big designing and erecting contracts
recently completed by the colmpany are the plant of the
LaBelle Iron Works, Steubenville, 0.; B e s s e m e r
Plant, Republic Iron  Steel
Co., Youngstow,Tn, 0.; blast
furnace, Pioneer Mining 
Manufacturing  Co.,
Tlhomlas, Ala.; continuous
rolling mills, Republic Iron
 Steel Co., Youngstown.
O..; puddle, sheet, skelp and
pi p e  nills, Youngstown
Sheet  Tube Co., Youngstown, 0.; pipe mill, Mark
Manufacturing   Company,
Evanston, Ill.; steel foundry, E.  G. Brooks, Birdsboro, Pa.; Bessemer plant,
Dominion Iron  Steel Co.,
Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada; pipe and skelp m1ills,
Diisseldorfer Rohren-  Eisen-'Wvalzwerke, Duisseldorf,
Germany.
JULIAN KENNEDYMr. Kennedy is one of the
leading consulting and contracting engineers in iron,
steel and blast furnace construction in the country, was
born at Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, on Mll-arch I5,
1852.  He received his early education at the Poland
Union Seminary, and later entered the Sheffield Scientific
School of Yale University, graduating from that institution in I875. After graduating fromn the Poland Seminary, and prior to his entering Yale, Mr. Kennedy served
as a draughtsman under his father in the construction of
the plant of the Struthers Iron Company, at Struthers,
Ohio.  He was employed'on this work for three years
and received his first actual engineering training at this
time.
Following his graduation froml Yale, he was successively superintendent of the blast furnaces of the Brier
Hill Iron Company, the Struthers Furnace Companiy,
the Morse Bridge Works, the Edgar Thompson Steel
Works, and the Lucy Furnaces of the Carnegie Steel
Company.  These positions covered the period from
I876 to I885, when he accepted a position as general
superintendent of the immense plant of Carnegie, Phipps
 Co., and his headlquarters were mnoved to Homestead,
Pa. He held this important position until I888, when
he was appointed chief engineer of the plant of the Latrobe Steel Company, at Latrobe, Pa.  He remained
there until I890o, when he resigned and entered business
for limself as a consulting and contracting engineer.
Since that time he has designed and built sonme of the
largest and most imiportant
blast furnace plants in this
and other countries, and has
perfected and patented a
number of most imnportant
inventions which are now
essential to the manufacture
of iron and steel. Mr. Kennedy is a leading 1nemrber
of the various engineering
clubs  of  Pittsburgh  and
other cities.
EDWIN K. MORSEWell and favorably known
among the civil engineers of
this section is Edwin Kirtland Morse, not only for the
practical work he has accomnplished,  but  for  the
pride he has always taken in
his profession.
Mr. Morse was born at
Poland; Mahoning County,
O., in 1856, his parents being Mr. and Mrs. Henry K.
Morse, who were worthy
representatives  o f  t h e
sturdy, honest Western Reserve  farminpg  class. He
worked on the farm hiimself for some years, and, like
many other professional m1en, now admits that this was a
valuable experience. He was educated at Poland Union
Seminary and at Yale College, where he graduated in
I88i.  He also attended lectures on bridge construction
at Carlsruhe, Baden, Germany, where he acquired the
mhost advanced practical and theoretical knowTledge pertaining to his profession.
After practicing for some ten years he became a partner of S. V. Ryland during the erection of the Hawkesburg bridge in Australia in 1887-9.  For the past I 8
years he has been in business in Pittsburgh.
Mr. Morse and Miss Callie Shields, of Blairsville,
JULIAN KENNEDY