-'" - - ----= - - a-. launr'ri 0rlacntamnu Pennsylvanians--Monongahelans: Welcome Home: I welcome you in the name of the City of your Nativity; I welcome you in the name of the tie of blood that binds; as the head of this Great Municipal Family, I bi d y o u MAYOR WM. J BLANKENBUEHLER welcome. You, old friends, will be with us for a season; a season given over to festivity and rejoicing because you are here. We have all anticipated this reunion with a keen sense of pleasute, and now that "Old Home Week" has drawn us together I simply say Monongahela is glad to claim you again. Monongahela's hospitable arms have always opened to the stranger, how much more willingly do they respond to receive their own flesh and blood. A pleasant visit to you all. May this reunion be one long remembered by both, and still further cement the bonds between us. Sincerely yours, Wm. J. Blankenbuehler, Mayor's Office, Mayor. September 7, 1908. I --I ~ I I I I ~ I I L ~ I I I m IROBT. LEWIN CO. PITTSBURG, PA. UJ1)ole5al Dealqrs irp ard Hahdled at all First Class Hotels on. he Nonongahela River I 1 111 _ I 1 I _ _ ~~_ I I I ~ - - 0; IALBERT GALLATIN. Noteworthy in local history is the name of Albert Gallatin, statesman, diplomatist and scholar. His career, as friend and advisor of General Washington, member of the early Pennsylvania legislatures, Secretary of the Treasury under President Jefferson, and special envoy from the United States in the treaty of Ghent, is of general knowledge. Enforcement of the objectionable excise law by United States Marshals sent by President Washington was resented by the farmers of this locality, who, under the leadership of David Bradford, Judge Brackenridge and James Marshall, met at M,ingo, Creek Mleeting House, July 2Ist, I794. At this meeting an invitation was issued to the four western counties of Pennsylvania and the adjoining counties of Virginia to send representatives to a general meeting on August I4th at Parkinson's Ferry. In the privacy of his beautiful home at New Geneva on the banks of the Mbonongahela, isolated from the bustle and excitement of public life from which he had retired for a brief enjoyment of domestic happiness, Albert Gallatin paid but little attention to passing events. It was not until the meeting at AM/ingo that the serious nature of the whiskey disturbances first became evident to him. What had been riot, had now become rebellion. Unlike many of the friends of order, he felt no doubts in regard to the propriety of sending delegates to the Assembly at Parkinson's Ferry. Offering himself as a delegate from Fayette County, he was elected. The insurrectionists prevailed in the elections and the peace party was over-awed. On August the I4th, I794, the convention assembled two hundred twenty-six delegates and as many spectators. "Our hall was a grove on very lofty ground, overlooking the river", says Brackenridge in his "Incidents". This was what has since been known as "Whiskey Point" above Park Avenue, and on this spot was erected a liberty pole which bore the significant motto "Liberty and no excise and no asylum for cowards". Edward ICook presided with Gallatin, Secretary. Bradford opened the proceedings, declaring the purpose of the meeting to be the appointment of committees to raise money, purchase arms and enlist volunteers; in a word, though he did not use it, to levy war. Marshall supported Bradford and moved his resolutions. Mr. Gallatin immediately arose and delivered his memorable speech, counseling moderation, denouncing the proposed act of treason and throwing aside all tactful maneuvers, met the issue fairly in the face and moved the referring of the resolutions to a committee. This committee, or really Mr. Gallatin, next morning remodelled the resolutions in a house still standing just below the "Point" and the Committee went out to meet the Peace Commissioners from General W'ashington. The final struggle came upon the question, as to whether the meeting should now be dissolved or should wait for a report from their committee of twelve after a conference with the Com,missioners of the government. But after great difficulty, Mr. Gallatin succeeded in getting a dissolution. The result of the meeting was to break the power of the insurrection. His remarkable speech on the resolution lasting some hours was a piece of perfect eloquence, was heard with attention and without disturbance and so swayed the minds of his hearers as to turn the tide of the Whiskey Insurrection. Never was there a more striking instance of intellectual control over a popular assemblage. By it Albert Gallatin saved the western counties of Penn-.sylvania from anarchy and civil war. 100THE BLACK HORSE TAVERN. Some of the Incidents in the Lives of the Whisky Boys of I794. (Saturday Evening Supper Table, April 25, I896.) The Black Horse Tavern, which stood on the lot now occupied by the old stone house of ilMr. James Adams, Central avenue, Canonsburg, was owned at the time of our story by Henry Westbay. It was a favorite resort not only for the convivial good fellows who congregated there nightly to pass the evening in song, story and mirth, (which were aided by the mellow rye-whisky, and more potent apple-jack always on tap,) but it was also a meeting place for those who met frequently to discuss plans to further what was then considered the duty of every good citizen, to-wit: the resistance of all attempts on the part of the government to collect duty on the product of their stills. Back olf the bar-room, which was not the elaborate affair of to-day with its mirrors and cut glass, but a plain counter with two or three shelves holding a half dozen black bottles, was a small tap room, and there among the sombre looking barrels and business like kegs, many a meeting was held, the transactions of which the conspirators engaged therein wouldn't have cared to have blazoned abroad. The back yard of the inn was full of trees and shrubbery and an arbor of vines made a very pleasant retreat in warm weather for tired, heated humanity to rest in and be revived. In this arbor on the night of July twenty-fourth, 1794, were gathered six or seven of the leading men of the town and vicinity. Thev evidently came by appointment, and also were not anxious to be seen together, but quietly dropped in singly or in couples, and after lingering a few moments with those in the bar-room, perhaps treating all hands as was the custom, would quietly disappear into the back room and from thence to the arbor in the rear, and join their companions. Times were troublous, indeed, and although what they were about to undertake was in violation of the law and a penal offense, they deemed it justifiable.'Tis wonderful to what length we can justify our actions when our selfish aims are to be enhanced. The Whisky Insurrection was fast reaching its culmination. For eight years the government had been endeavoring with but little success to collect its just dues from these men. The recent attack upon, and burning of General Neville's house at Bower Hill, at which one of the leaders, Major M'cFarland, had been killed, and the sad scene enacted at his burial in Mingo church yard, had so inflamed the public mind that this little coterie gathered at the Black Horse Tavern were ripe for anything that would arouse the people to further action. Siome of them had served in the Revolutionary War, had been discharged with honor, and that they slhould so soon be plotting against the flag seems incredible. io1They had seen and knew of the dumping of the British tea into Boston harbor, and had imbibed a deep and lasting hatred of anything that savored of the name of excise. The retreat of Colonel Kirkpatrick and his men, who had been sent to protect General Neville's house, to Pittsburg, then a thriving village of fifteen hundred or two thousand souls, had helped to establish and embitter the belief in their minds that the citizens of that town were in sympathy with the government, and something must be done now to prove this to the people, and if need be, this proud metropolis of the west must be humbled. After much discussion, for all were not in favor of such stringent measures, our worthies came to an understanding. The landlord was excused from active participation in the work, and his name was omitted from the round-robin which should select the two for immediate service. Having returned to the tap-room, for -it was getting late, and the customers had retired, David Bradford by the liglht of a tallow tip, with a piece of keel,'drew the blind-robin on the floor, and each man present having sworn to submit to the decree, the drawing began. The lot fell on John'Ml.itchel and William Bradford ( a cousin of David Bradford) and after a farewell toast with some further instructions, these men left the-room by a rear entrance to arm themselves and prepare for their journey, and soon two well mounted men rode quietly out of the hamlet, taking a northeasterly direction. The following morning Jamie Dugan, who carried the United States mail from Pittsburg to Greensburg, where he exchanged horses and continued on his way to Philadelphia, left Pittsburg by day-break, traveling along the sparsely inhabited road with a light heart, whistling as becomes an Irish lad full of hope and life. As he entered a long shady ravine, known as "dead man's hollow," about eight miles from Greensburg, his' horse gave an uneasy little neigh, as though scenting danger or company. Jamie tightened his. hold on the reins and set his feet firmly in the stirrups ready to fight or fly, whichever necessity.-should present itself. His pistols were in their holsters on his saddle, buckled securely, and had it been night instead of day would have been ready for action. It is remarkable what courage a bright sun gives us as compared with gloom! So he would have deemed it a sign of cowardice to ride with a pistol in his hand. Making a short turn to the right he came on a lone horseman, the lower part of his face masked by a bandana handkerchief, who with a musket presented within six feet of Jamie's breast, commanded him to "stand and deliver." "Not on my soul," said the lad as he slid from his horse toward the left, thinking to draw the highwayman's fire or gain time for a more even show in the fight; but with' his eyes riveted on his enemy he failed to see an accomplice crouching in the bushes. As Jamie was trying to unbuckle his holster under cover of the horse, he received a blow on top of his head with a clubbed horsepistol' that knocked him1? insensible. Prompt action was required, for this was one of the traveled roads of the state, and they were liable to interruption. One led the horses a short distance in:to the woods, tied them and returned to his companion, wlio had tied the still unconscious Jamie's hands securely and carried him into the thicket, just in time, for three or four Conestoga wagons loaded with salt and merchandise from the' east were entering the other end of the glen. After these had passed they soon'rifled the single mail sack of the Philadelphia packet of letters, dis'turbing no others, mounted their horses and 102rode off in a southerly direction, leaving Jamie to the tender mercies of the bears and other wild animals that frequented the country at that time. Two tired horsemen rested that night at the house of Benjamin Parkinson, at Parkinson's Landing, now the town of Monongahela, where they knew they were safe, as the spirit of revolt was ever strong and many of their leaders lived there. There had been a mass meeting the night before at whicli inflammatory speeches had been made, and amid the revels of a barbecue at which a roasted ox and gallons of whisky were consumed, an enormous hickory liberty pole had been raised from whose top proudly floated a streamer on which was painted, "Equal Taxation and no Excise" and "No Asylum for Traitors and Cowards." The following day;Mitchel and Bradford with their host of the previous night rode leisurely to Canonsburg, and that night at a late hour the old taproom of the Black Horse Tavern found congregated the same little band of "Tinkers" who had planned the raid on the night of the twenty-fourth, with the addition of Parkinson and two or three prominent citizens of the town, including Craig Ritchie and Colonel John Cannon, the founder and father of the town, for now if possible the people were to be aroused to frenzy and madness by these tell tale letters which they hoped to find; and on this wave of rebellion Bradford hoped to ride.to national popularity and fame. They were not disappointed in what they found in the stolen mail as to the sentiment of the people of Pittsburg towards their treasonable conduct, for it was freely expressed in many of the letters to friends in the east, and Bradford round some that caused him no little alarm and uneasiness. These were from Colonel Presley Nreville to General lMorgan; General Gibson and James Bryson to Governor Mifflin; Edward Day to the'Secretary of the Treasury, and from Major Thomas Butler, commander of the Pittsburg fort, to the Secretary of War. These letters not only denounced and named the ring leaders in the insurrection, but demanded that the state and general government should take steps to suppress and punish those participating therein. The leaders were wild with rage and Bradford demanded that'steps be taken at once to destroy these base informers, and if need be to burn the wicked city of Pittsburg, which they declared was a veritable second,Sodom of iniquity upon which the fires of earth, if not of heaven, should descend. Not much drinking was done, for cool heads were needed to plan; but long into the night various projects were discussed and when Westbay was relieved of his guests, the eastern sky was beginning to glow with the rising sun of a new day. Some of those invited that night would gladly have been left out of the council, but once in could not retire, for well they knew that "Tom, the Tinker," would warn them but once, and then strike. The next day a circular was addressed to all the military officers of the four western counties Westmoreland, Fayette, Allegheny and Washington, setting forth that certain things had been discovered, that made it obligatorv on them to act, and calling o.n them to assemble their respective commands on the first day of August at two p. m. on Braddock's Field, which was the usual place for the annual muster. The militiamen of that age were not disposed to ask questions, for Indian raids were not infrequent and their work was a duty they owed to their homes. What followed the issue of this circular is well known to all familiar with local history. At the hour named, between four and five thousand armed and organized men were encamped on the field, ripe for revolt, vowing vengeance on 108oinformers, and it was only by the most discreet and conciliatory management on the part of a citizens committee from Pittsburg, that their city was saved from total destruction. David Bradford, superbly miiounted on a magnificent gray horse and wearing the gorgeous uniform of a major general, was in command of the troops and in the height of his glory. It is also known to students of history that an army of infantry, horse and artillery, were sent by the government, arriving on the scene some time in October, finding none to oppose them, and were used to make arrests of tle more flagrant violators of the law and march them to Philadelphia for trial, and this is the period when our story again reverts to the old Black' Horse Tavern. On "the dreadful night," November thirteenth, so called for years because some two hundred men were arrested in the middle of the night and dragged from their quiet homes and compelled to march to Pittsburg, the old hostelry in'Canonsburg was the scene of a festive gathering that was being held by the "Whisky Boys," as a sort of celebration of the fact that although their enterprise had been a failure so far as coercing the government was concerned, still no one had been punished, and it was currently reported that the troops were to start next day for their homes. There had been a company of Virginia horsemen encamped in the vicinity of the town for several days, but the officers were frequenters of the place and made themselves most agreeable to the citizens; indeed some of them were invited and came to the party at the Black Horse, but it was noticed by Bradford, who was ever suspicious, that they left the house at an early hour, which was unusual, for with the good cheer of music, dancing and hot-toddy it was an attractive place for a soldier. About midnight, when the revelry was at its height, with the sets all full of old fashioned cotillion dancers, the two fiddles twanging and the figure caller shouting the figures at the top of his voice, there came a loud and peremptory knock on the front door, that was answered by Landlord Westbay with his punched tin lantern in hand as was his custom, thinking it some cold and belated traveler. A second and more mandatory knock had stopped the dance, and all were filled with anxiety. When the door was opened there marched into, the room a file of soldiers led by a young lieutenant who had been present earlier in the evening. Consternation and terror was on every face. The women.screamed and all fled for the rear rooms and the back entrance, but to find it securely guarded. The house had been surrounded, and a few, shots were;fired more to frighten than to injure the more venturesome, who attempted to escape in the darkness. A few arrests were made, and the balance allowed to depart in peace, but the troops were disappointed in not securing Bradford and one other whom he had persuaded to leave with- him soon after the officers had quitted the dance. Bradford managed to elude the troops for several days, but as they were fast closing in on him he took his horse and during the night made his way to the Ohio river at a point near;.McKees Rocks. Fortunately the next day he found a man named Charles Yodel who was willing to exchange a good skiff for his horse, saddle and bridle. This exchange was the cause of his still further pursuit and came near causing his arrest, for Yodel, delighted with his swop, rode directly to the Rocks where a company of troopers were located, and the horse being recognized as Bradford's, Yodel's story soon told the tale of the escaping major general. On the afternoon of his first days voyage, while floating quietly on the road to safety and not dreaming of danger, he was hailed by an officer on the 1.04...,left bank of thle river, who requested that he come ashore and let him ride with him to Gallopolis where he said his company was stationed. But David was not to be catught napping and just at this particular time was not desirous of the company of any Federal officers, so he pulled further out into the stream and paddled on as rapidly as he could. After exhausting entreaty the officer commanded him to halt in the name of the government, which conifirmed his suspicions that it was a trap. The balance of the detachment now appeared in view and began firing at the occupant of the boat, and a right merry fiusilade they kept up during the afternoon. Bradford was skillful with the oars, and kept his boat well to the opposite shore, but at one point where a sand bar ran into the river, and the soldiers had taken advantage of the position to get a closer shot at him (for a reward of five hundred dollars had been offered for him dead or alive) he was compelled to stop rowing, lie down in the canoe and trust to the current carrying him safely past. At this point two balls pierced the boat but he escaped uninjured and succeeded in keeping out of reach of their bullets until darkness made it impossible for them to aim. They did not abandon the chase, although he thought they had. Along toward the latter part of the night he came up with a coal barge tied up as was the custom for the night. He concluded to board it and if possible secure work on the boat, and thus lhave food and company on his long journey. HIe hailed the boat, was answered by the watch and permitted to come aboard. Cold, hungry and tired it was a welcome haven for him, and all the more so when he found the watch was a young man from Washington county who had been guilty of painting a device for a liberty pole, and been compelled to fly the country to escape arrest. He fed him in the cook house while Bradford told his s_tory of the afternoon's pursuit, and was assured that the crew of thirteen men would make it warm for the soldiers should they attempt his arrest while on the boat. The captain was aroused and the story repeated. He promised him protection and work to New Orleans. The sun was just beginning to brighten the horizon and the crew were making ready for the day's work, when the persistent squad of soldiers put in an appearance, and the boat being close in shore, waded out and climbed aboard without ceremony demanding to see the crew. Bradford was hiding behind the little cabin, but was soon discovered and a soldier placed his hand on his shoulder to arrest him.,Scarcely fiad he done so when the watchman of the previous night snatched his musket from his hand and with one blow from his powerful fist knocked him into the river. Then began a scene that rivaled the famous rows and ructions of D;onnybrook fair, or any; country muster of the day. The crew disarmed the soldiers, threw them overboard, pelted them with coal, and casting offi the lines floated away in triumph with our hero, leaving the discomfited officer and his squad to wend their way back to camp, while they purtiied the even tenor of their way, carrying with them the principal figure and leader of the then disheartened and subjugated Whisky Boys of I794. DAVID RIC'HARD O'NEIL, Canonsburg,'Pa. 105THE PIONEERS OF THE MONONGAHELA. By Isaac Yohe. To those who love the romance of local history, these few lines are addressed, in hope that they will stimulate a desire tol know more of the valiant men and women who, settled in those early days, on the banks of our beautiful Monongahela River, when the farms, now resounding with the whistle of the locomotive and the clang of the trip-hammer, were covered with groves of sugar and walnut:"Where the Indian lover wooed his dusky mate and the wild fox dug his hole unscared." We have read much of the Parkinsons, Fromans and Deckers, noted settlers on M,ingo and Pigeon Creeks, but I wish to call attention to a man about whom little has been written--Andrew;McFarlane. About seven miles down the -Monongahela River from Monongahela City, on the P. R. R. is Elrama' Station, and about one-eighth of a mile down the railroad track you can see a piece of ground, somewhat elevated which was at one time an island in the river. An Ancient Indian Mtound once crowned the summit where now grow the Siumac, the Dewberry and "Tangled beds of Juniper reeds"-as though nature were trying to hide the evidence of man's neglect. Just near this spot are two stone tablets, one marking the grave of A'ndrew McMcFarlane and the other that of his wife"Andrew McFarlane departed this life November 7th, A. D. I829 in the 89th year of his age." "!Margaret Linn McFarlane departed this life January 2211d, -A. D. I8II in the 58th year of her age." Andrew McFarlane was of Scotch descent and came fromn Co,unty Tyrone in Ireland to Philadelphia soon after the close of the French and Indian war, and later made his way to the "Forks of the Ohio", where he established a trading post. He held commission from Go'v. Penn as a Justice of Peace. In I774 Capt. Connolly with a company of Virginia militia interrupted a session of the Pennsylvania Court at Hannastown and captured the three Justices, of which MicFarlane was one, and took them to Staunton, Va. There he became acquainted with his future wife ":Margaret Linn Lewis" daughter of William Lewis, one of five brothers famous in Military History of Virginia, and one of the F. F. V's. Together they traveled through a wilderness infested with hostile Indians to his home on the Allegheny. He afterwards moved his trading post to Kittanning where they lived in comparative peace until the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment formed for the defence of the frontier, was ordered to the East, leaving the. isolated post almost deserted. The British Authorities in Canada who were preparing to send rangers and Indians against the settlers in the Spring, and wishing to get a reliable account of the situation at Fort Pitt-sent Two Officers, Two: Chippewas and Two Iroquois Indians down the Allegheny. At a Dielaware town not far from where Franklin now stands, the officers became exhausted and sent the Indians 106on ahead. On the I4th of February I777 they arrived opposite the little settlement of Kittanning and called over asking for a canoe. Thinking that the Indians had come to. trade or bring important news. McFarlane crossed over to where they were. The instailt he stepped from his boat he was seized by the savages and told that he was a prisoner. The capture was undoubtedly witnessed by his wife and two other persons in the settlement. The Indians had orders from the Officers to treat their prisoner kindly and to return as quickly as possible to N\iagara, where he underwent a most rigid examination. He was then taken to Quebec. At the time of Andrew MIcFarlane's capture his brother James was a lieutenant in Washington's Army. It was through his efforts that Andrew was exchanged in the fall of I780. The released man soon rejoined his wife and child at Staunton, Va. He afterwards opened a store on Chartiers Creek and later purchased the farm on the Monongahela where they spent the remainder of their lives. He stated in his last "Will and Testament" that he had earned that farm by years of toil, and that he desired it to remain in the name of his children as long as possible. ANDREW McFARLAND'S CABIN. Situated near Elben, Pa. The body of Major McFarland wasg buried from this cabin after his death on July 17, 1794. The Homestead with its log front and stone kitchen is still standing on the Natural Causeway leading from the railroad to the river in full view of the Indian Mcound and the sto,ne tablets over their graves. From this house in 1794 the body of his brother James (killed in the unfortunate attack on Neville's house at Bower Hill) was carried by his mourning friends to his last resting place in M'ingo Grave Yard. In I845 Capt. Tom McFarlane, the oldest son sold the farm and went to a new home in Missouri, shipping his goods to Pittsburg on the steamboat "tEnterprise" of which.Capt. David Longwell was second engineer. I have given a few of the interesting events of this noted man's life, for 107a full account I refer the reader to a History of Western Pennsylvania called "Old Westmoreland" by Hasler. "And I saw the humblest of all sepulchers, And gazed with not the less of sorrow and of awe, On that neglected turf and quiet stone, \W.ith name no clearer than the names unknownThat lay unread around it." (Isaac Yoh1ie.) HON, T, R, HAZZARD, Born Oct. 25. 1814 and died Sep~t. 8, 1S77. He came from Janmestown, N. Y. to. Williamsport in 1836. Mr. Hazzard was one of the leading' men of our' to-wn being the first acadlemic teacher in town and for many years the leading musician in the Piresbyterian Church. He Wx as proprietor and editor of the Daily Republican for many years.... 103Arrived in Wrilliamsport inl 1S36. He was born July 26, 1815 and died Feb. 27, 1898. MIr. Gregg's father (Thomas Gregg) served as an::. officer in the American Army 12 years; was )present at St. Clair's defeat, took part in Gen. Wayne's great victory at the battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794. He died at Fort Adamson (on the AMississippi) in 1803. Aaron T. Gregg learned the trade of plasterer with Geo. D. Stevenson of Uniontown. In 1841 he married Catherine, daughter of Joseph Caldw-ell, for many years innkeeper at the old Caldwell Hotel. Mr. Gregg served as adjutant and / - major of the 37th Reg., Pa. Militia; in 1855 he was elected justice of the R peace, serving five years; in 1859 he was elected Colonel of the 2nd Brigade and in 1862 aided in recruiting Co. E. 140 P. V. I. and served as Captain ii:':' till the battle of Chaucellorsville when he Was honorably discharged on account of age. lWas a member of the H. E. Chutrch and Post 60, G. A. R. rI. Gregg taught school two winlters near Alonongahela, 1839-40. In 1849 he crossed the Plains to the California gold mines, in Capt. Ankrin's company which left Pittsburg March 15, 300 strong, on the steamboat "Consignee," Capt. Lockwood commaiiding. He started with a mule team from St. Joseph, Mo., on the overland route anid was gone two years. AARON THOMAS GREGG, Thos. Collins was a potter by trade aiid with James Collins carried on the potter business in a building that stood on Cemetery St. Mlr. Collins was born in Uniontown, Pa., Dec. 10, 1803. He learned his trade in Greensboro. He taught the first public school in this place in the winter of 1834-35, in an old house on the island. Among his scholars were John Aniawalt and Franlk Mallnolwn. AWas superintendent of the first -Methodist Sunday School in town. Was elected Justice ot the Peace in 1839, being the first one under the Constitution of 1838, serving 5 terms. He died at his residence on Waverly Hill, Dec. 24, 1873 aiid +was buried at Ginger Hill. THOS, COLLINS. EARLY SCHOOL IHOUSES. The school-house was considered as necessary to the prosperity of a settlement as the church, and the requirements of a schoolmaster were, that he could read, write and cipher as far as the double rule of three. When such a man offered himself, the neighbors would employ him, and immediately set about the erection of school-house. One would give the ground, some would cut the logs, some would haul them to the appointed place, others would put them up. In the erection of the school-house, a log would be kept out the entire length to answer the purpose of a window. The fireplace was built with logs, with a stone back wall calculated for a back log six feet long. The chimney was built with what was then called "cat and clay chimney." The seats were made of small trees, cut about twelve feet long and split, the flat sides dressed smooth with the axe, and legs put in the round side, which stood on an earthern floor. In summer time the dust would be sometimes two inches deep, hence the scholars for amusement would amuse themselves by "kicking up the dust" (which is likely the origin of the expression), to the great annoyance of the school master, who would' use his cat-o'-nine-tails very freely. In old times, they had a custom which is now, we believe, entirely laid aside. About a week before Christmas the larger scholars would mtet in the night to bar out the master. On his arrival at the school-room he would endeavor to force his way in, but finding his efforts unavailing, he would enter into an agreement to give them holiday between Christmas and New Years, give a gallon of whiskey, and lots of gingercakes on Christmas day, and play corner ball with the scholars on that occasion. 109Bell Telephone 77-L. Mrs. M. Magdalena Artz, Prop. Rates $I.5o per day. WELCOME TO THE OLD HOME,. BEST OF ACCOMMODATIONS TO EVERY ONE. East End of River Bridge. G EAST MONONGAHELA. L LL t B IS THE COOL DELICIOUS DRINK FOR S!UMM'ER. REFRESHING AND SNAPPY. ABSOLUTELY PURE AND FREE FROM ALL PRESEiRVATIVES. GETS ITS FULL BODY AND RICH COLOR FROM SUNKISSED BARLEY AND SELECTED HOPS. INDLPLNDLNT BRLWINE( tO. OF PITTSBURGHII ~~L.~Lm~etLj cc~~n$ dbzcale~c~i~I CLIIZe ~lc0~ ee a E;CATSBURG SCHOOL. By D, B, Woodward, The brick portion of this picture was where the Catsburg boys and girls received their education. It was a well known fact that the directors would not employ a teacher unless he could handle a rod and the teachers generally used the rod, not that the boys needed it but just as a force of a habit. CATSBURG SCHOOL HOUSE. Still standing nenr the entrance to the cemeter2. I remember one dinner hour that John Coulter, Dewitt Collins, and Joseph Woodward climbed up in the loft of the school house to hide from Mlr. Scott the teacher. During the afternoon they got restless and in changing their position one of the boys rtin his foot through the ceiling. Those three boys came down one by one, and received something that makes them remember Scotty to this cday. Everybody was deaf to the school bell and the only way the teacher could get them inside the room was to stick the rod out of the window, which always had a good effect. Whenever the boys thought they needed a new teacher they proceeded to bar him out or play some other trick on him. One teacher I remember was not a favorite with us so we planned to get rid of him. He boarded with Arch Wills' father, and as Arch was one of the scholars we arranged our plans accordingly. Arch and the teacher were to go to town and on coming back they were to go throug,h the old covered bridge. As they started through the bridge we started to make a racket, the teacher got scared and started to run and the faster he went the harder we pelted him with stones. This poor old fellow never taught us again. 110BELVIDERE SCHOOL HOUSE. Those who attended this School justly styled it the "Athens of the North", it was such an improvement over the "Old Brick" which stood on the VanVoorhis Place in I854. Rev. Cyrus Black donated the ground on which the School house was erected. The teachers as correctly as I remember were: L. Hasson, W. Devore, Si.'Morrison, Wm. Thompson, all of whom became soldiers of the Civil War. Hasson and Morrison were officers of distinction, also Wm. Thompson noted for his bravery, was taken prisoner and sent to Andersonville prison; he was never exchanged and with many'other noble men gave his life for his country. He was the writer's first teacher and his memory shall always be revered. BELVIDERE SCHOOL HOUSE, After these men came MIrs. Mary E. Burt (lately deceased) an excellent teacher, who, afterward became Principal of one of the Pittsburg Schools. (Miss Emily Burgit also taught- part of a term of the galaxy of boys and girls who attended this school. Joseph Armstrong and Wilson Layman seem to have been the "promoters" of fun and venture. Joseph usually received his Monday morning's whipping, in order to start the week well. When anything unusual occurred, he was always called first to give an account, as he was our best talker, and we all felt he could plead our cause'best. W\ilson Layman was not in our ",Geography 111Class" but he would place himself near us and look on the book and tell t;s the answers. W'e all awaited a whipping one morning as we often went to class without preparation. Wilson got his book and helped us out by hollowing to us "Welland Canal". WVe were saved a whipping by his bravery. Bob Jones, an adopted boy of lMr. Clinton VanVoorhis, was a great athlete and doer of stunts. He taught the boys the Frog dance. Lute Collins was his most apt pupil. This School was certainly noted for the number of its pupils lecoming soldiers: James Anawalt, Cyrus Anawalt, Aaron Sutman, John Sutman, Hiram Sutman, Chas. E. Rose, Robert Jones, William Lowry, David Kearney, Ross M'ellinger, Sam Black, Lewellen Vaugn, Fred. Layman, James Rose, and Joseph Armstrong, who later entered the Regular Army. From the lower end of the City which was then Carroll twp., came to this school were: M!oores, Ferrees, Corrins, Laymans, Armstrongs, Taylors, Pattersons, Earnests, Mumboivers; from the Pike district: Teeples, Yo,ungs, I(earneys, Hulls, VanVoorhis, Rose, Black, Mellinger; from the Hill: Collins, Clarks, Mullins, Fells, Wyeths, Temples, Flemings. nMiss Nonora Mills taught a Summer Term. She was Aunt of the late Bert Castner. Mliss Cornelia Black also taughlt a short time. Of all the teachers and pupils who attended this seat of learning, none had cause to blush for their record. aMany have gone to their final reward and many remain to bear testimony of their early teachings of Parents and Teachers. Respectfully, KATE MULLEN McCULLOUGH. OLD SCHOOL BUILDING, Built in 1853. 112MONONGAHELA CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PROF, DEAN, OF THE IMONONGAHELA PUBLIC SCHOOL, Prior to I796 the history of Education in M.onongahela City is clouded in uncertainty. There were private schools and schools supported by general subscription held before that time. These schools were generally conducted by some itinerant school master who happened along, and for whom a log cabin school.house was hastily constructed, or for whose school some vacant or deserted cabin wa,s found. The course of study in such schools was not elaborate, and was usually limited to the teaching of reading, writing and arithmetic as far as the Rule of Three. By Act of Assembly, March 28, 178I, the County of Washington was divided into thirteen townships, one of which wa,s called Fallowfield, which included within its limits' the Monongahela City School District. Carroll Township was organized in 1834 and this city-or Williamsport as it was called-was embraced in Carroll township, and consequently subject to its jurisdiction. In April I837, Williamsport was incorporated as a borough, under the name of Monongahela City, and thereafter the schools were under the supervision of the board of directors of the new district. The act of Assembly of 1873 created a city government, enlarged our boundaries, and added considerable to the population...,..:........Born Aug'. 28. 1807. Died Nov. 11. 1885. Came to this city in 1884. Was uresident of the school board in 1852 when they decided to build the school house now known as the old Central School building. Mr. Underwood took an active part in the establishing of our cemetery, served as counjty recorder anld was connected withi the Methodist Church for 57 vears. CYRUS UNDERWOOD. 113According. to the best sources of. infornlation, the first school which the early settlers of this vicinity attended, was in an old log school house, near what is now known as Witherow's blacksmith shop, about three and o-ne half miles Southeast of MIonongahela City, supposed to have been originally the r.sidence of ~ McComas, one of the first settlers. The exact date of the opening of the school, or the name of the school master is uncertain, but in the year r796 another school was opened in an old log house at Parkinson's Ferry, once used as a dwelling and situated in a grove of sugar trees, near the Old Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Chess street, and Church Alley. The first teacher's name was Tilbrook, the next was Thompson, who was followed by Capt. Hughey iMitchell. The number of terms each taught is uncertain, but there is no do;ubt but that a school existed in this place for a number of years. 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".".".,....",.,.,..,.."..........."...::,:::....... -,;-7, Q -.::-.,.........................,.,...,.,...............''I..........................,...",..",,:.:.:.:,:.:,::.:::::.;.:;:::::.::.:.."..".."",.,..",.,,.,.;.: -,I- 0 -0 -ci -v) Z Q);7.1 cl,,(::I -,-.i -C 6.,;z...................................................;__q,: 0 r. bk:- v: C) - - 0 ct --j. --l..."'..........................., t;, m -4., -=. I..,,."., 4 -) m.,-,................................:::::::::::::::::::: P v E -. cn -,--4 Ct C ) I.V::::::::::::::::.:.::::::::::,::::::::::::,:!,::,:!:::SCHOOL BOARD OF 1908-09. Dr. C, NT, Graves. Charles Stephens. John P. N. Coulter. Dr. J. P. Norman. I-Ienry Louitt, Dr. G. I-I. Murphy.The names of the principals of the MAonongahela City Schools since then are as follows: J. H. Moore.............. I8,54-56 J. N. Sights.............I868-69 S. F. -DeFord............. 856-57 J. P. Taylor.............. 869-72 J. N. Boyd................I857-58 Geo. E.'Hemphill..........I87.2-76 A. J. Buffington.......... I858-6I Josepli Jennings......... 876-I888 Win. G. Fee.............. I86-62 E. W. Dalbey..............I888-97 B. T1X. Kerr...............I862-63 A. L. Hope.......... I897-Igo l Miatthias Tombaugh....... 863-64 C. H. Wolford.......... I9o-io9106 Jos. 14\. Mlilligan........... 1864-68 R. G. Dean................ I 96-. In I854, the act of Assembly provided for the election of a County Superintendent, whose duties were the examination of teachers, etc. Previous to this time the examination of teachers was left to a committee from the school board, as a rule, and men were employed to teach school. By act of Assembly, April II, I862, the Carroll districts of E. Williamsport and Belvidere were included in Monongahela City district, and the old historic school house in Catsburg ceased to be used as a school house. In 1873, a city Government was created by act of Assembly, which enlarged the boundaries of the school district, and added to the school population so that more school room was necessary. The present Central School building was dedicated July I, I88I. Containing ten school rooms, an office, and a school hall, capable of seating about 400 people. On Miarch 2, I883, this building was almost totally destroyed by fire, but it was promptly re-built and re-dedicated Sept. 27, 1883. GRADUATING CLASS Or MONONGAHELA HIGH SCHOOL, IN 1905. 117In I896 the First Ward butilding was erected, on one of the most pleasant sites of Western Pennsylvania. It contains eight recitation rooms, office, and a teachers room. The first class was graduated from the Mlionongahela City High School in 1878, and consisted of ten members. At present the High SchoDl enrollment is about 85. A class of fifteen was graduated last iCommencement. The work in the High School is ably done by Prof. Maxwell, Prof. Gaut, and:Miss Wise. The work in Miusic has been under the supervision of Prof. Grundhoefer, who also has charge of the work in Physical Training. Penmanship and D;rawing are taught by M,iss Winterink. In all the teaching force consists of the Principal and thirty-one teachers. The present crowded conditions are unfavorable for the best school work, but with the completion of the new building in the Third ward, better conditions will prevail. A high'standard of work has ever characterized the Monongatlela City Schools, and the desire is that they may keep pace with the best. R. G. DlEAN, Principal. ONE OF THE -"TWINS" WHICH STOOD ON THE GROUND NOW OCCUPIED BY THE CENTRAL BLOCK, 11 "OLD NEIGHBORS" AT THE YCHE REUNION. FROAM LEFT-Win.. Wright, John Kennedy, D. R. Hamilton, Ralston Williams, Samuel Stecher, Sluire M.IcDonald, John Stecher, David WTilliams, James William-s, Joseph Kamrmerer, Isaac Yohe (Iowa), Jack Hoffman, James Gibson. THE OLD FLOUR MILL BUILT IN 1845. 119r, z' onon a r a i 6utrii Ilairp V61iii4ing To. I Aft Eurr rrnoon TExrr t IIluba Main Ottrrpt, urar 5zrrvuh:411ah rintiong -I d I aHISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE CHURCHES OF MONONGAHELA.By Rev, W, F, McKee. Among the forces that have aided in the development of Monongahela and that contribute to its standing and power in the world, doubtless none have been more potent than that exerted bv the churches and clergy of our City. The architecture of our churches lends grace and beauty to its appearance and their formitive influence upon the character of its inhabitants is beyond estimate. The chutrches are eleven in number and a brief history of each one is here given in the order of their organization., *The writer of these sketches desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to many individuals and other sources for information contained herein. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. FIRST ~tHESBYTERIAN CHURCHI REV. W,, F, McKEE, Pnstor First Presbyterisnn Church. The Rev. Janmes Finley was appointed by the Presbytery of Redstone to preacil at Parkinsons TMill on the 4th Sabbath of March I784 and during 1785 one Sabbath at his pleasure. This is, perhaps the first Presbyterian service held in the bounds of lMonongahela. A church supplying th,is community was built, called IH-orseshoe Bottom, prior to I786. In I807 the Presbyterian church of AVilliamsport was organized and the Rev. Samuel Ralston waTas chosen pastor. He preached in a schoolhouse near the site of the first church building in the winter, and in a tent in the summer. The first house of worship was built of brick on the old churcli lot on the hill 120in I815. Dr. Ralston resigned to give his entire time to the A/ingo church in I834. From I834 to I840 the chtirch was ministered- to. by the following supplies. A. Rev.. Mlr. Moore, Rev. Geo. D. Porter and a Rev. M/r. Chambers. Durling this period the second house of worship was built' that stands at Dresent on the corner of Chess street and Linn Alley and -was dedicated, ill 1836. The name of the church was also changed by the Presbytery of Ohio April 20, 1- 837 fromi the Presbyterian church of Williamsport to the First Presbyterian Church of M4onongaihela City. On Oct. 28, 1839 the Rev. John Kerr was called to the pastorate and during his long pastorate the church grew rapidly. He resigned in I862. He was succeeded by the Rev. Silas G. Dunlap who was pastor from April I862 to September I866. HIe was followed by the' Rev. J. S. Stuchill frotn Dec. I866 to April I870. On Oct. Ist, 187o the Rev. Wi. 0. Campbell was called, who after a long and successful pastorate resigned in July I885. During Dr. Campbell's pastorate the present church building was erected at a cost of $35,000.00o. In Feb. I886 the Rev. James M. AMaxwell was called and continued the beloved and honored pastor, until failing health compelled him to resign in I902. During the pastorate of Dr. Maxwell a new pipe organ was installed and the present handsome and substantial parsonage was erected. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. REV. LEROY W. WARNE. The Rev. Leroy WV. Warren begun his pastorate on April Ist, I903 and resigned April I, I9o6. Perhaps during no otrher time in the history of the church were so large additions made to the membership of the church as during the ministry of Mr. Warren. The present pastor Rev. Wim. F. McKee begun his pastorate on Nov. Ist, I906. On Sept. 29th, I907 a beautiful addition to the chapel and Sunday school rooms was dedicated at a cost of about $I2,000.00. During the week Sept. 29, I907 and Oct. 6, I907 the Centennial of the church was appropriately celebrated. The church has wmielded a wide and powerful influence in this region during its more than a hundred years of existence and through its ministerial sons and others it has gone out to evangelize the world. The following 121have entered t.he ministry from the meml)ership of this church. Samuel Hair, T'homas P. Gordon, D. D., G. M. Hair, A. H. Kerr, John McFarland, Wm. F. Hamilton, D. D., James P. Fulton, Oliphant M. Todd, Alonzo Linn, L. L. D., Geo. W. Chalfant, D. D., Robert Fulton, D. D., Wm. E. Caldwell, D. H. Stewart, D. D., Chas. G. Wlilliams, Ph. D. and William Robinson. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. METHODiST EPICUu2AL CHU~tC-, Thle beginning of Methodism in Monong,ahela may be traced back'to I8I2 when the Riggs Bros. local preachers who lived near California organized a class in the home of Samuel Baxter of Carroll Townsihip. In 1813 the Riggs Brothers preached in Williamsport now AMonongahela, at the home 122of Mrs. Van Devore. Larger accommodations being needed a room was procured in the house of Robert Beebe on the river bank. Rapid growth soon made another removal necessary, when a log house on Main Street, formerly used as barracks for troops was secured and fitted as a place of Worship. Next the congregation worshipped in the "Old Log Schoolhouse" thence it migrated to the old union church, (built by general subscription) on the top of the hill. In 1826 the congregation purchased a large dwelling on the river bank which was changed into a house of worship. In I834 a lot was donated by Mr. William Is'ham on which a brick church was erected and completed in I835. In I864 the present commodious and stateiy church was begun which so attractively graces Main Street. The S. S. room was DR. R. S. ROSS. opened for worship in I867 and the audience room was completed in I?73. The entire church costing about $45,000ooo.00 During the pastorate of Rev. John Conner the elegant manse that graces Chess street at the rear of the church was erected. During the present pastorate in I903 the auditorium was completely renovated at a cost of about $2,000.00 besides a new pipe organ was installed, the gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. At present the entire basement is being improved, with new chairs, toilet rooms, carpets etc. These improvements will cost about $3,500.00. The congregation was originally a part of the Greenfield Circuit, later a part of the Cliartiers circuit but it became a station in I833. The following pastors have been in charge since the erection of the present church building, Rev. Ezra Hingeley, A. W. Butts, Hiram Miller, S. M. Hickman. Edward Williams, T. N. Boyle, VW~illiam Lynch, R. L. Miller, W. D. Stevens, J. S. Bracken, I. A. Pierce, L. H. Bugbee, S. H. Nesbit, Ml. 1. Sleppy, Tohn Riley, T. F. Pershing,.J. W. Baker, John Conner, D. L. Johnson, and the Rev. R. S. Ross, appointed in 1902. T!his strong church has always had a large place of influence in the City and Community. 123SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, A. M, E, CHURCH, AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The African Mlethodist Episcopal church was organized in I834 by Bishop Paul Quinn. The old meeting place was in a building which stood on the corner of 6th and Railroad streets, subsequently its meetings were held' in a brick house on Railroad street adjoining Yohe Bro's. Mill, thence in a brick house opposite the bridge at Dry Run. Finally, in 187I it moved into the handsome brick church that stands at the corner of Seventh and.Main streets. The following is an incomplete list of the pastors; Samuel Clingman, George Coleman, \Vim. Coleman, Augustus Green, Thomas Lawre~ nce, R.Boggs, D. F. Davis, David Heart, Levin Gross, Jesse Divine, Jno. Vi. Jones, Chas. R. Green, J. MI. M\orris, S. T. Jones, W.. G. WVest, Alfred Newman, Chharles Peters, George Newman, WSf. H. Brown, Benj. F. Wheeler, Benj. Hogan, Alfred AMarch, Burton Lewis, J. WxrT. Young, David. Lewis, H. A. Grant, J. J. Jones, R. H. Brown, F. Denny, J. J. Norris, C. A. \IMcGee, W. HI. Palmer, M. D. D. D., Vi. H. Coston, B. D., A. 124E. WVolden, T. A. Green, Benj. A/VWheeler, S. P. WVest, R. H. Eumry, J. C. Young, C. J. Powell, MI. F. Sydes, J. 0. Morley and the present pastor, theRev. J. E. Morris, D. D. under whose ministry the church seems to be takiig- on new vigor and life. A parsonage was erected on the rear of the thurch lot on Chess street in i9o4. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. T7he First ]Baptist Church was organized in the public school hall on Feb. 9th, I86o. On the 24th day of the same month in which it was organized it met in the Presbyterian house of worship and was unanimously recognized as a regular Baptist Church by a Council duly called and contituted for that purpose. At that time it had twenty-four members. It was admitted into the fellowship of the Pittsburg Association in June I86o. The present church edifice in which the congregation worships was dedicated in January I87I and cost, with furniture, $7,000.00. W~ithin recent years the i.nterior of the church was remodeled at a cost of $3,000.00. In 900oo a neat and commodious parsonage was built at a cost of $1,700.00, which during the past year has been greatly improved. The following is a list of those who have served as pastors: David Williams, R. R. Sutton, O. L. Hargrove, Aaron Wilson, Lloyd Morgan,-A. I. King, E. C. Baird, J. F. Collins, L. S. Colburn, D. S. Mulhern, J. W. Moody, S. V. -Marsh, J. E. Darby, Ei. H. Stewart, Daniel Trick, and the present pastor Rev. W. H. Shawger, who has been pastor since I905. This. church maintains a mission in its chapel in the Ist ward. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH. ST. PAUL'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first Protestant Episcopal Church service celebrated in Monongahela was conducted by Rev. R. H. Lee, D. D. of WVashington, Pa. in the Presbyterian church during the summer of I86o0. Other services followed at intervals given by clergymen residing in Pittsburg. In July, I862 the western convocatives of the diocese of Pennsylvania met in the hall of 125the Public school and appointed Rev. Wm. TenBroeck to take charge of the work as missionary.'On November I7, I863 the western convocation of the diocese of Pennsylvania met here a second time, and during its session the organization of St. Paul's church was effected. The Rev. Henry MacKay was called as the first rector of the newly formed parish. In I866 the corner stone of the present St. Paul's church was laid by the Right Rev. DR. JNO. P. NORMAN. Bishop Kerfoot, D. D., LLD. The chhurch was opened for Divine service about I870. In 1870 Rev. John Linskea was appointed missionary to the parish. In I872 the Rev. John P. Norman, M. D. was placed in charge by the bishop. Dr. Norman resigned in I875 and was succeeded by Reverends Percival Becket, Emelius WXT. Smith and Thomas WVhite. In I88o the Rev. John P. Norman, M. D., was again placed in charge of the paris!h and continues the beloved rector until this day. During these years the "ivy walled" St. Paul's has been completed and was consecrated by Bishop Whitehead of Pittsburg Diocese on June 29th, I882. CHURCH OF THE TRANSFIGURATION, ROMAN CATHOLIC. The Rev. Father McGuire visited this region, doing missionary work prior to the year I833. From this period Mass was said by visiting clergy until the congregation was organized. The first house of worship erected under the pastorate of Rev. Father Dennis Kearney was completed in 1865 at a cost of about $6,oc,o.oo. Father Kearney was succeeded by Revs. John 0. G. Scanlin, Wm. L. Hayes, M. J. Brazill, P. Al. Garvey and Francis MecCourt. During the pastorate of Father McCourt a fine parsonage or priest's house was erected. Father McCourt was succeeded by Revs. J. J. Ouigley, C. M. Lyons, and Thomas F. Walsh, who was succeeded Jan. 28th, 90oo by Rev. C. J. Poetz the present pastor. The church has enjoyed a continuous and rapid growth long since tlhe old building became too small for the congregation and in i\Iay, I9o04 the old church was removed to the 126rear of the parsonage to be used by the,church societies. On May 3oth, I906 the cornerstone for a new church was laid by Right Rev. Monsig'r Suehr and ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF TRANSFIGURATION. on Feb. 23, I908 the present Ihandsome and elegant church building was dedicated by Bishop Canevin of Pittsburg. The present structure cost about $75,000.00. 127REV. FATHER POETZ, LUTHERAN CHURCH. In I84I Rev. George St. Clair Hussey organized a German Lutherain congregation here. The English congregation was organized Feb. 7, I869. This church has had the following pastors and supplies: Rev. D. L. Ryder until 1872; Rev. H. H. IHall, I872-77; Rev. H. B. Winton, supply I877-1883;. Rev. J. WV. Breitenbach, supply, i883-87. Occasional supplies I888-I902. Re-organized Aug. I4, I902 and supplied by the Rev. Levi P. Young'until I903. In I903 Rev. H. E. Berkey became pastor and from his arrival the church took on great activity. IDuring his pastorate which closes in the early fall, the present beautiful church and commodious parsonage were built. The church being dedicated MC'ay 3I, I908. Other church buildings have been occupied by the congregation, as follows. The first was located at the corner of Third and Cihess streets, back of Alexanders' Bank. The second in the first ward was sold to t'he Baptists. The present value of the plant is $io,6oo.oo. Rev. M. M. Allbeck has been called to become pastor on the retirement of Rev. Berkey. THE SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, AFRICAN. The Second Baptist Church was organized at a meeting held in the old school house by the Rev. R. H. AMarshall, Nov. 26, 1882. The right hand' of fellowship was given the new organization by the Rev. AMr. Bayard, pastor of the First Baptist Church. Steps were, at once taken to provide' a suitable house of worship and the present church building was erected in I883. The church has had a continuously prosperous growth and has wielded a large influence in the City. It has enjoyed the ministrations of the following pastors: Revs. R. H. Miarshall, Thomas Ford, J. A. Simons, E. A. Neil, N.' L. Young, T. E. West and the present pastor, Rev. L. Campbell' Garland D. D., who was called Nov. 21, I9o06. During the past year the. church has purchased a cozy manse at No. 6I9 Lincoln St. 128GRACE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The Christian church is an outgrowth of a Sunday school and Christian Endeavor Society that had been maintained for a number of years by a faithful band of that denomination, held in the old Markell Hall. These, with their recruits were organized into a church on August 19, I899 by Elder J. A. Bennett, thirty-eight persons constituted the roll. A lot was at once secured on Chess street and the present building erected, which was dedicated in Oct. I9oo, during the pastorate of Elder 0. S. Reed. His pastorate was followed by a period during wbhich Dr. S. T. Dodd, now deceased, supplied the pulpit. In the autumn of I903 A. A. Doak was called and was pastor for about a year. He was succeeded by John W. Kerns in July, I904. In July, Igo6 G. L. Cook became pastor and remained for one year. This church has enjoyed a great measure of prosperity and is one of our aggressive religious forces. During the past year the church has not had a regular pastor; depending on supplies for its pulpit. On the first Sabbat'h of July, 90o8, its present pastor, the Rev. Mr. Beckler, began his work. 129Established 1867 James C, Lindsay Hardware Co, 119-721 Liberty Avenue Pittsburgh Exclusively Wholesale ~ It I 1 I I _ -, _ LI iST. ANTHONY'S ITALIAN R. C. CHURCH. St. Ant,hony's R. C. Congregation was organized in May, I9o4 by lRev. Father Cornelius Falcone. The present house of worship was erected through the energy of Father Falcone, on a lot in Park Ave. donated by M'r. G. Anton. On the I7th of December, I905 this church was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. Regis Canevin, D. D., Bishop of Pittsburg. In January, 90o8 Rev. Falcone was succeeded in the pastorate of the c'hurch by the Rev. Vincent Maselli, the present pastor. Pastor Alaselli has devoted himself to his work and the church is making great progress. The congregation numbers about 250 families and the pastor is enthusiastic in his efforts to lead his people to become good and loyal citizens of their adopted country. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. On May 7, I905 a United Presbyterian Sabbath school was organized in the Baptist chtrch. Preaching services were conducted in connection with the Sabbath school by the Rev. W. W. Reed of Donora until October. On Oct. 24th, 9,o05 the United Presbyterian church was organized by the Chartiers presbytery with a membership of eigh.teen. Mr. J. M. McCalmont acted as stpply October, ig9o5 to April Iqo6. In l/fay, I9o6 the congregation began to worship in Blankenbeuhler's Hall with Mr. D. A. Russell as supply until October 6. OnI December rst, 90o5 Rev. J. H. Miller became pastor of the church and did a great work among his people. The membership!has been increased, a complete organization effected. A lot secured at the corner of ioth and Chess streets upon which the present tasty and finely appointed chapel has been erected at a cost of $5,300.oo. The chapel was dedicated on M/larch I, I9o8. Mr. M4iller has recently resigned on account of ill health. OLD GRAVE YARD, This land was dlonate(d by Wim. Parkinson. 130HOME OF BISHOP SIMPSON NEAR CORNER OF 4TH and RAILROAD STREETS, Built in 1837. REV. RIDER. One of the early Luther'an preachers. REV. JOHN KERR. Porln De. 2-,. 1813. Died MIar. 20. 1892. Stndent of the Cross Creek Academly. Graduated from Washington College in 1834. In October, 1838 was licensed to preach by the Washington Presbytery. He came to this place in 1840 and served for 22 years. Born April 29. 1826. Died Oct. 29. 1893. Mr. Bentley. was a grandson of Samuel Black who came to Parkinson Ferry in 1793. Joined the iMethodist Church at the age of 17 serving later as class leader, steward, Sunday school superintendent and for 40 years leader of the choir. Col. Bentley was a private in the AMonongahela.Blues, appointed 1st Lieutenant in the Monongahela Artillery by the governor in 1S57, was commissioned colonel of the 7th Reg., Pa. Militia by Gov. Packer in 1858. At the beginning of the Civil War he was commissioned by Gov. Cuirtin quartermaster of the 140th Volunteers and servcd throughout the war. Was a charter nem.rl)cr of Ilenry I. Phil ips Lodge, No. 337 and served in counc:l in 1856. COL, S. B, BENTLEY. 131SOME EARLY HISTORY THE BLACK FAMILY., By Mrs. Mary Black Boggs, The following paper, giving a history of one of the old families of Monongahela, was read at the annual banquet of the "Forty-Niners" at Hotel Main, Thursday evening January 30, I907: I was a small girl when- my Grandfather died, but I remember him as being a small stout man,. wearing, a queue, plaited, and' tied' with a black silk ribbon. I give you a record of him and' his children, taken from the "Commemorative Biographical Record of Washington County," published by J. H. Beers; Co., Chicago,; in I893.. "Samuel Black,. the first one of this family in Washington County, of whom there is any record, was born in I775 in County Down, Ireland, where the family were farmers. In I79I he came to America, landing in New York, wfhence, in I793, he proceeded to Washington County, Pa., and here embarked in trading, opening a general store in Williamsport, (now Monongahela), the first in the place, which he conducted for a few years. This store was known as "The Old Red House," and stock was brought from the East on pack horses, and traded for farm products, which Mr. Black would take; to New Orleans, down the river on flat boats, there to sell for cash, and then proceed to New York to purc!hase a new stock of merchandise, and bring, back to Williamsport. He purchased of Joseph Parkinson a lot near First street, on which he- erected a house and store combined; also bought large tracts of land in Washington County. At the time of his death he was one of the largest land owners in the County. In I824 Mr. Black built the first mill at Dry Run, (a tramp mill); the power for which was supplied by oxen; he also operated a saw mill on Pigeon Creek, and erected a Glass Factory at Dry Run, besides the dwelling houses surrounding the same. In short he was a thorough representative man, a progressive and useful c'itizen. In political preferment he was Federalist. In his church connection he was a leading Presbyterian, and one of the first Trustees of his Church." Dr. VanVoorhis, in his "old and new M,onongahela" says that Grandfather Black, with James Gordon, James lHare, David Hamilton, Wm. Irwin and others, bought a lot from Joseph Parkinson for the sum of forty-five dollars, to erect a Presbyterian meeting house "on the hill," also, that he was considered the most wealthy man in Washington County, owning the land where Bellewood (now West Monongahela) stands, the farm where Belvidere is located. land in Allegheny County opposite Bellewood, land in Cambridge, Ohio, large blocks in Pittsburg, and lots in Monongahela." Grandfather Black had twelve children: the sons were Samuel, Harry, Marcus, (my father), Cyrus, RosS and Wilson. The daughters were Elizabeth, Maria, Caroline, Mary, Jane and Hester. Our old home at Bellewood stood on the spot where Capt. James Allen's house now stands. Four children were born there, Elenor, myself, 132CYRUS BLACK, Samuel and MIorton. Those two sycamore trees in front *of Capt. Allen's house, were planted by my sister and I. We just put small twigs in the ground,. and otr mother cared for them. At that time there was a small stream of water running near. I remember a big black bear which otr cousin, Capt. John King, gave us. It used to sit in a high window of the barn, chained of course, and the people gave it a wide range. When we lived there we all rode to church on horse back, and I remember that from that part of town where I now live up to the Chess house, now the home of the Friday Conversational Club, was a large blackberry patch. At the death of my Grandfather, we moved to the old Black'home on the Pike, now Fourth Street. My sister Belle was born there. Those were happy days. I was a child of nature, roaming the hills and woods of the farm with my two brothers, Sam and Mort. Mort was a dear and g'entle boy, I took great care of him, and now he is left to care for me. We are the only two left of a happy family of five children. There were two Indian mounds on this farm, the largest in what was called the Fort field, near'where Crall's greenhouse now stands. I remember we fished for minnows in the stream which ran through the field at that time, and we dug in the mound for Indian bones, and found them, but I was so frightened at the sight of them I ran home and left Sam and Mort'to cover them up. I never tried it again. I could write volumes of the interesting things that occurred in my childhood days. One thing I remember is a regiment of Infantry passing up the Pike past our home, on their way to the Mexican War. I think every soldier stopped and got a drink from the old well, (still in use I WM. M, BOGGS, William MIarshall Boggs iwas born in Lancaster County, Pa. He was a son of Rev. Thomas liarshall Boggs, a prominent Presbyterian minister who at one time had charge of the Mit. Joy and Donegal churches of Pennsylvania. The old historic churches of Revolutionary fame. Mr. Boggs was educated at the Mit. Joy Academy. He entered the army in 1862. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Gettysburg, and incarcerated in jfrison for nine months. After the close of the war, he was appointed second Lieutenant in the United States Army, December 1866-98th Reg. of Infantry. He resigned from the army and came here where his family lived. He served as Alderman and Secretary of School Board. He then studied law, practiced in Bradford, Pa. and at Chicago. At the time of his death he was practicing law in Charleroi, Pa. Tr. Boggs was editor and proprietor of a weekly paper here called "The Valley Record" which was a spirited and well gotten up paper. He died Aug. 14th, 1904. He was a man of handsome military bearing, a fine conversationalist, and of a sensitive mind. He was past master Son of the Revolutionlary, also president of the Veteran G. A. R. and a Son, of the Revolutionary, also president of the Veteran Rlief Association of Chicago. His remains were laid to rest in the iMonongahela Cemetery, Aug. 14th, 1904. 133believe). Little did I then thilik that I should live to have a husband and a brother fight in a worse war-The War of the Rebellion. Those were the days of the Conestoga AVgons and the big four horse stages. I remember the stages passed our home four in line. At a distance their noise over the pike sounded like thunder. I enjoyed looking at the big wagons loaded with freight, large store boxes and sometimes men moved their families West in those wagons, as many as seven children having been seen looking out of them, happy children and there was no dread of trolley, railroad or steamboat disaster. _................................................................................. OLD STONE HOUSE AT DRY RUN. Almost all those I have mentioned have passed to the Great Beyond, buried most of them, in the old Black graveyard on the Pike. Another item and I am done, "tho' the half has not lbeen told." My Grandfather bought three slaves in Virginia, and brought them to Monongahela, where they were free, of course. Their names were Phebe, Mose and Saul, and they lived here the balance of their.days. My father was always kind to colored people. Saul is buried with the family in the old Black Burying ground. They were all very old when I knew them; they must h-ave lived to be almost a hundred years old. My Grandfather was a remarkable man in many ways, but he made one mistake which is common among men of strong character. As long as he lived, he looked after his large interests himself, and did not train his sons in habits of thrift and business principles, so that when he died they were without experience, and not fitted to care for the large properties left to them, and as a consequence these large possessions'have passed into other hands. Who knows but that it is better so, for the eternal welfare of his descendants, for "tis better to lay up treasures where moth and rust doth not corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and steal." 134IElizabeth Black Bentley was born in XMonongalhela, then called Parkinson's Ferry, July 5, 1797. She wvas the eldest child of Samuel Black who locate(d in Parkinson's Ferry in 1793 emigrating from County Down, Ireland, in 1791. For many years le was regarded as the largest land owner in Washinggton County. Elizabeth Black was married to William Bentley, June 14, 1825 anmd died Oct. 10, 1878. She was converted and joined the Mlethodist Episcopal Churcl in early youth aind remained a consistent member during her long life. She had an affectionate nature and was a model mother. She way survived by one son, Samuel Black Bentley who inherited his mother's (leel) spiritual nature. Her descendants are Charles Aleinus Bentley, Harry King Bentley, Millie G. Bentley, Mlary Bentley Ross, and Charles Emmet Ross all resid(ing in Monongahela. Elizabeth Black was the first baby born in Parkinson's Ferry. ELIZABETH BLACK BENTLEY, Formerly Mary S. Marshall, was born in 1809, the daughter of James K. anil Rebecca Mlarshall who were natives of Ireland. Her father servedI in the War of 1812 and for his services was given 160 acres of land. MRS. WM, BLYTHE.................................. A daughter of Benjamin Parkinsoin was married to Capt. Rober t i:iiii:ii:iiiiiiii:iii:iii: Phillis, iMarch 26. 1839 and died on the 10th (lay of July, 1886. -_ p - ~ ii,,iE!?,i''i,,i,,:ii,?,~,S,,ii!i,:i,,,i!!:i,iii *',S,!0i:iii:: AUNT OLIVIA PHILLIPS, MRS. JOHN MANOWN, MRS. IRA R, BUTLER. Formerly Miss Mary A. Boyd, was married to Ira R. Butler on June 4, 1822. 135 MRS. R, M, CLARK,MY BOYHOOD DAYS IN MONONGAHELA By Capt, Jos, T, Armstrong, I was born in Greensburg, WVestmoreland County, Penna., April I2th, I849. If for any particular purposes, I have not yet been able to discover what they are; they may develop later. I have no recollection of the event whatever, and maybe, not even the oldest inhabitant will remember the circumstance. Nevertheless, the church records prove the fact as stated. I have been told that I was a very precarious child and developed remarkable traits at a very early age. When only three or four years old I used language very little known to even the most carefully trained children of the present day. I have only a childish recollection of Greensburg, as my family moved to Freeport on the Allegheny River, when I was about three years old. Whether Greensburg was a loser and Freeport a gainer by this change I am unable to say. The records fail to give any account of regret felt in the town that I left, or rejoicing upon my arrival at the new location. Freeport was not a very large place, but a very important point on the Pennsylvania canal, which was at the lheight of its prosperity about that time. I remember much that happened at this place, particularly the busy scenes about the canal lock, which was situated in the heart of the town, and near where I lived. The river, too,, was a busy place, as great rafts of lumber were constantly passing down its course. M/Iy father died here, and, with other members of our family, was buried in the centre of the town, in a private burial place. I was then in my fifth year, when by some arrangement, about which I do not believe I was consulted, I went to live with an uncle, J. B. Taylor, for whom I was named, and who resided in Monongahela. I well remember the canal boat trip to Pittsburg where we remained a few days, and with my cousin Fanny had our pictures taken; these I have carefully preserved. Then, going on board the steamboat, "Luzerne," with my uncle, aunt and Fanny, now Mrs. Isaac Carrol, we two children were put in charge of "Aunt Hannah," the popular old colored chamber maid of the boat, and in due time arrived at Mo,noingahela.'Tis a true saying, "First impressions are lasting". I can see it all, now, after 54 years have passed-the wharf, paved with the big cobblestones that seemed like human faces tol my young eyes; the old mill; the greetings of the people to meet us; then the walk down through the town to my new home, and the excitement of the journey was over. A very strange thing to me at the present time is this: when thinking of the town I picture it only as it was in my early days and my memory wholly ignores the changes and improvements that have been made since. I was then a full fledged citizen of AMonongahela "City"'for many years to come. My new home was as pleasant as one could wish, and one would think that at that. tender age a child's little heart would be incapable of only the ordinary feelings, and adapt itself to its surroundings in utter forgetfulness of its past conditions and circumstances. In a short time I realized that a great change had come over my young life, and one not at all agreeable to me; some136thing had gone out of my life that I did not understand; a mysterious something, which I could not comprehend, and many years elapsed, when I found the best definition of nmy feelings at that time, in reading "David Copperfield". HIow long this lasted I cannot now remember. In after years I always envied the child whose early years were passed with father, mother, brothers and sisters when "Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home". The first year in IMonongahela was spent in the house then called the "Red House", corner of 6th and Coal streets, owned by William:Coulter. It is still standing, but changed in appearance. One bright mnorning I was told that I was to attend a "pay school", taught by _Miss Letitia Hudson, the late Mrs. S. P. Kellar, in one of the rooms of the then new school building on the corner of 4th and Chess streets. James Tuman took me to school the first day. Going up Chess street he stopped at the home of Capt. Robert Phillips, and through the fence Jim pointed to an old copper still that stood by the side of the house, telling me that it was full of whiskey and that the body of a man was in it. The old still was o.nly a relic of the pioneer days, conling from Mrs. Phillips' family, and was then used to catch the rain water from the house. M, aybe it is there yet. It will be remembered by very many who have passed along that street for it was a conspicuous object in tile yard. However, it was a terrible thing for my credulo,us young eyes to look at. The following year my Uncle purchased the house owned and built by the Anawald family, of whom there were several members. The boys became prominent steamboatmen on the lower rivers. I believe Agnes was the only girl and married Shed Heyser, since dead. I do not know what became of the rest of the family. The house referred to was one of the substantial dwellings of the town at that time. It is now owned and occupied by Mir. James iMoore. By this move we still lived out of the bo,ro.ugh limits, which were defined by Coal St. to Cooper's Alley; and by it to, the river. The pavement sto.pped at Cooper's House on Chess street, and on M~ain street where T. S. MlcCurdy's house stands. THE OLD CHESS' HOMESTEAD IN 3RD WARD. 137Back of the old Chess homestead were all fields down to Dry Run. The fair grounds were enclosed from part of this farm about I854 and covered the space from 9th street to Dry Run, and back along the hillside where Coal street now is. I believe'I remember all the fairs that were held at that place; they were surely the great event of the year to the town and country around. A circular ring was the main attraction, and although not very large, the trials of speed were just as interesting to the people then as the very up-to-date courses are to-day. The prominent horsemen were: Harvey AVan Voorhis, with his famous little horse "Hawkeye"; Norres Pyle, with his fast horscs, and best of all, my old friend Frank Bentley, with his celebrated mare, "ISweet Lips." Thlese men were all great lovers of good horses, and. exhibited them for the pleasure they derived from it, and for the gratification of the people.'Fairs generally lasted three days and on the closing day of the last fair held on these grounds, a number of young men took possession of the ring; among whlom I remember was Benjamin Dickey riding his beautiful black mare, "Jennie", with quite a record for speedy trotting, James Clemens on the ever to be remembered "Blanche", and many others whom I cannot recall, excepting -young Preston from Ginger Hill, whose horse became unmanageable and threw his rider so violently that he received injuries from which he died the next day, at Harvey's Hotel. In after years, when fairs were held up the creek, the late James P. Shepler became a well-known horseman. He owned Daisy and Polly Hopkins, which were the twol fastest animals in the state. His son, Will Shepler, drove these horses for many years. Will was one of "the boys." One day he and John H. Cooper suddenly took a notion to go to Sian'Francisco, and away they went. John is in business there now. W'ill stayed there a number of years and came back, and now lives in retirement. These two were very close friends; John was a great story teller and a good companion. The first sewing machine that was ever seen in the town was exhibited at one of the first fairs on this ground by the late iMichael Bowman. R. C. King always took a leading part in the general management and on one occasion built a fountain with fish in the basin, and a gold ball that was kept constantly in motion in the air by the force of the jet of water. This was the star attraction of- that fair. Willison Layman and I came in for our share of admiration in connection with this fountain, for we enjoyed the privilege and distinction of carrying the water back from the basin to, a barrel on the hillside whence the water received its force. We were objects of envy to all the small boys of the town. Something of historical interest is connected with this old fair ground, too. It was here, during the summer of I86I, after the three month's men had returned from the first part of the civil war that Capt. John'McBride recruited Co. "D, 79th", Pennsylvania Volunteers for the term of three years, and used the rude buildings as a rendezvous for the company; the citizens contributing all necessary supplies for them. What changes have been made in all this lower part of town since those days. The old rail fence from the Chess house to the fair grounds and the high board fence enclosing it all soon gave way to buildings and other improvements after the close of the war. The public road, being an extension of M,ain street, ran parallel to the fair ground fence,'and close to it. The space from the road to the river was one great common, or pasture ground for the cows from town. It was used for all military displays, generally called the "militia musters". I recall that memorable Tuesday, July the 8th, I862, when the great and only Van A'mberg's Animal show pitched its tents on that common, between the road and where the Monongahela Machine Co's. works 138now stand. This was the first strictly animal and "moral" show to visit the town. The result was that every person having any prejudices about a tented show of the circus kind, buried them for this day only, and the good and bad, old and young,-in fact, the whole population-were in for the show, from miles around. One elephant was a great attraction, but this show had two: "Tippc Saib," and "Hannible"; the latter was the largest in America at that time. The weather was favorable, but very warm, and gave promise of being an ideal day for a show. Everybody was happy, and the tent was crowded with people to its utmost capacity. The performance had only fairly begun when the weather gave indications of a storm coming from the direction of the Mingo Hills in the west. All intent on the show, no one seemed to. take warning till a terrible storm arose suddenly, with a great wind and heavy rain, almost drowning people, and blowing the immense tent into a confused mass. Some of the animals escaped from the overturned cages which were soon righted, and the beasts again confined. The elephants almost became unmanageable and only by the most skillful effoirts their keepers controlled them. I was surely prepared for the occasion, wearing a chip hat, check shirt and pants, and in. my bare feet. I had nothing to be alarmed about, but rather enjoyed such an unusual scene, as only a boy at that age could. I am glad to say that nothing mo.re serious happened than a few bruises many received from the falling tent poles, and the alarm for each other, for every one became separated from their friends. The storm lasted a couple of hours, and the show people prepared to give a perfo,rmance in the evening, but more rain interfered, and the never-to-be-forgotten day closed with a downpour of rain and hail. The account of this event was written up and magnified an hundredfold, and printed in all the papers over the country. It surely was the greatest circus day the old town ever saw before or since. All circuses and shows then traveled in wagons. The first show I ever remember was "Madame Tarniers". It showed over the river, near the end of the bridge. The late Steven Earnest took his son.Sesh and me in a buggy to see it. I do not remember much of the performance, but have a distinct recollectio.n of the show being broken up by a big fight, with a-number of the boys from town: Billy Graham, Billy Caldwell, Bill Bean, and Jim McGrew and others. I did not stay to see results. All through my boyhood days the old time circus held forth as the greatest attraction. Generally five dollars to anyone who could ride the trick mule around the ring. This always caused trouble, for, in spite of all the tricks the showman would resort to to prevent it, some one would be sure to accomplish the feat. Some of the boys, to do this, if I remember right, were the Haywood Boys, Isaiah and.Mieshick, and Jonas, John and William MlcClea'ry, the latter still living, and a prominent politician and a good citizen. The shows used to occupy the ground back of Will Alexander's home, third ward. Dan Rice pitched his tent there many seasons. The "Mill Lot" where the Pennsylvania Railroad Station now stands was used, then upon the hill. In later years, various places were used. The circus of today travels by rail, but they do not compare in any respect with the old "Road Shows", when many of'us used to stay up all night, and walk a long way to meet the wagons and ride in town beside the driver, as happy as boys could be, and the envy of all who could see us. Surely that was an era of happy soretoed boyhood-quite a contrast to the boy of to-day, whose show experiences are entirely different. Previous to, I86I, all children living outside of the borough limits were compelled to attend the Belvidere Skchool or "countrv school", as it was generally called; which was built in I855, on the Black property, off about 20o yards from 133ot n - rl I I f,unrut urr an n rr a tu g Tarr-tagrii 43or i rr., -'pl Sr!tt Pr 136 1 d-0 12hin 49., wonouiguPln IMIOST CHILDREN like ordinary cakes and pies. They simply go wild over those that come from our bakery. There is a flavor about them that gets their childis!h approval at once. They're no different than the older people, however. You'll enjoy eating our pies and cakes as well as any child. Try them once and compare them with "mother's". That's all. COH ESSRO(I)N'S II _ I - - ~ L L ~~ I Il I ~ IL I~ I _ ~ II I ~1 I s I I r [Ithe pike. It was a small frame building, comparing with the average country school of to-day. It is still standing, but now used as a dwelling. The nearest building to it was the old Black Homestead, down the pike, nearer town. Even then I used to wonder whatever possessed a schoolboard to locate a school in such an isolated place. This school was discontinued about I86I. It was attended by the children from the lower end of town. These included the Corrin, Feree, Patterson, Layman, WMoore, Lewis and Taylor (that's me) families. On the hill, the two Black families, Roses, Wyeth, Miullen, Collins, Sutmans, and Wests. On the creek, the Gibbs, Rays, Stoys, and Temples. Up the pike, the Redds, Teeples, Youngs, the Carrieys, and the Van Voorhis family, the latter represented by Will Jones, and Will Lawey, adopted children. The children of iMajor William S. Mellinger, also attended this school, when they lived in the old Black Homestead. At all times water for drinking purposes was procured by carrying it from the spring in Ballow's Hollow, or from the Carney spring. The work of janitor, principally the building of the fire in a large stove in the centre of the room, was done by the boy pupils at fifty cents per month, paid by the teacher. The course of Istudies consisted of spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. The pupils, however, spent more time in other affairs, than in the search for knowledge. Ball playing (town ball), snowballing, sledriding, tracking the fox, and off to the creek to skate, especially by the larger boys. Time was almost entirely taken up by these outdoor amusements, although bad weather insured a better attendance in the schoolroom. All pupils took their noon lunch with them, which, being hurriedly eaten, the weather permitting, out-of-door sports were usually indulged in, till the teacher would announce, "Books"! or school to begin again, by ringing a bell and calling to the pupils, which summons was in many instances, responded to only by the girls. The small boys would follow the example set by the larger ones, and maybe stay out all afternoon. I remember once, Mac Miellinger had all the boys dowii where the Crall Greenhouses now stand, and armed us all with cornstocks for guns; drilled us like soldiers till about three o'clock, then all marched into the school, around the room to the door, when each threw the weapon out the door, and toolk our seats. The poor girl teacher only leaned her head on her desk and cried. She died many years ago; maybe our actions helped to shorten her life. I have always felt sorry that I was a party to that act. I remember one beautiful winter day, not too cold, and the snow was falling lazily down in great white flakes, all was quiet and orderly within, when the barking of dogs outside, and the voices of Tom Collins, Charley Rose, and Dan Mlullen interrupted the school by calling out: "If any of you boys in there want to run rabbits, come on out. We've got Jack and Tan, hurry out." This was repeated a few times, then IMort Black made the start, and the small boys followed the large ones, till all the boys were out of the school, and off for the woods, with the two dogs, Jack and Tan, which all the boys of those days will remember. The teacher remonstrated with the boys while they were leaving the roonm, but all in vain. Now I cannot recall that we got any game, or what the sequel was to this breach of discipline, but presutme it was passed over, like many similar incidents. Olur school term usually lasted about five months for the small pupils, the older scholars (?) attending only two or three months-just as it suited the individual. This school was not always taught by a timid girl, either. I remeimber one term Mrs. Mlary Burt, a strong, resolute woman, conducted it very successfully., Another time we had a man for a teacher, and although he sometimes indulged us by going to town, and not coming back during the afternoon, leav14049ERS ON THE OCIOLA. James Corrin, David. Woodward, Wilson Layman, James Yohe.ing us to have a good time all to, ourselves, there was no taking liberties during school hours. "We had to toe the mark". This was the "constitution and bylaws" that he laid down for us. The old orchard, nearby on the hill side abo.ve the school furnished apples nearly all the winter for the school children, and I regret to say that it also furnished an inexhaustible supply of rods with which we all became familiar. Time! I can hear the swish of those rods yet as they were used, two tied together. The noise was terrible, and the contact sickening. We "barred" this man once, and only once I am sure, but he broke in the door, and never stopped until he had nearly killed us all. Poor Aaron Sutman, afterward killed in the war, got it worse than the rest. This same teacher came to my seat to punish Jessie Gibbs, who sat near me on the end, next the teacher. Jess hugged up to him so close that I have always thought that he did not see him as I got every blow. I. forgive him now, for when the war broke out he enlisted and proved a good soldier, and the life of William Thompson was sacrificed for his country. Miany of the boys that went to that school became soldiers, and never came back from the war. Fifty years have passed and very few of the boys and girls are now living to answer "Here"! to that old roll call. About the year I86I the school district took in all the outlaying populati6n, and I attended the "town school". The recollections of this school are so numerous and the teachers so many that I will try to a very great extent to be as brief as possible. I remember all the principals when the old building only was used. They were the M~oore, Deford, Fee, Kerr, Milligan and the never-to-be-forgotten "Jack" Buffington. All are now dead. Kerr was a fine penman. I have a specimen of his work yet, that I prize very much; an eagle with a Servel, and an inscription dated I86I, with his signature "B. MI. Kerr." What a flood of incidents I recall of those days. There were' only four rooms used for pupils then, but I am sure there was more mischief in the boys of that school than there is in all three schools combined. L,ong benches and desks formed the furniture. At one time I occupied a bench with Sam Culbertson; Ernest Foster sat between us. While Ernest was up at class once, Sam bent a pin in the' proper shape, and, I suppose, with my consent, ptit it in a position to receive him on its point when he returned, which in due time' he did. B:1t he did not sit down, only pretended to, and jumped up, giving a great yell, and pretending to be greatly injured. The truth was, he saw the pin, but acted the wounded boy so well, that Buffington was sent for at once, to investigate the trouble. His impressions upon us were so great that I do, not think Sam ever bent another pin. I know I never did. To think of a bent pin makes me shud(ler to this day. While there was some improvement in this school over tlhe 3Belvidere school, where directors or parents never visited us, there is a wonderful difference in the way that the schools are conducted at the present time. When the hall bell announced recess or the close of school, every one jumped and h o!lowed. The girls got out as best they could, but the boys went right over benches to the hall. One short slide on the stair rail, then another final grand slide to the bottom, two. jumps that would land the average boy over the doorstep Onto the portico. The noise of a battle was not to be compared to this performance. Talk about your physical culture of to-day. It's nonsense. That was the genuine article. No weak lungs and dormant muscles then. All were made to perform their part. Then, too, when a boy wanted a shinny stick real bad, he could pull a rung out of the stair balister and no one made a fuss about it, either. That was surely "Young America" enjoying the privileges of a free 142country. During the winter nearly every boy pupil had a pocketful of nuts to crack at recess. This was done on the east end of the schoolhouse; under the windows where a depression in the brickwork formed a projection of five inches on the stone-range work of the foundation. If any one will take the trouble to look, I am sure the hollows in these stones are still there, from the effect of cracking nuts on them. What a flood of memory comes from those old schoo1house; What a host of teachers and pupils one is reminded. Some are living, but the majority have passed into the unknown. M!any names of the children of those days are not even familiar to the present generation, and only the memory of them reminds us that they once lived in the old town. A verse of Abraham Lincoln's favorite poem best expresses my feelings as I write this letter:"The maid on whose cheek, on whose brow, on whose eye, Shone beauty and pleasure-her triumphs are by: And the memories of those who loved her and praised, Are alike from the minds of the living erased". THE MARKELL RESIDENCE FOR MANY YEARS THE HIOME OF DR. GOUCHER. Who remembers the Dr. Goucher family that lived in the house now occupied by the late John S,. Markell family? Lige, Ella, Dave, and John. What fine children they were. John, the youngest, was one of the brightest boys I ever- knew. I belonged to his artillery company about the year I8.57. On one occasion the company was assembled'at the corner of the house, on the pavement, engaged in firing a cannon of some peculiar boy contrivance, when the iron ram rod became fastened. To get this out, the cannon was pointed down the pavement, and discharged. We were all unconscious of doing any harm, but when the smoke cleared away, and we had recovered from the noise of the discharge, it was discovered that a tragedy had narrowly been averted. In the house now occupied and owned by Mrs. Chill,W. Hazzard, the family of Cyrus UTnderwood then lived, and Mrs. Hannah Underwood was on the stone steps when the cannon was fired. The iron rod struck the steps and knocked several large pieces off. The young lady was not injured, but greatly frightened. The 143large bracket sides have been put to the steps since, but the marks are on soime of the stones, particularly the centre of the large door-sill. Dr. Goucher soon appeared on the scene, and that artillery company disbanded at once, never to assemble again, and the scattered paraphernalia of that cannon were never gathered up. John Goucher became a very eminent preacher. I believe he died at Baltimore about a year ago. There was the Rev. James Kim's larger family living in what is known as the old Lawrence House; The Court's family of boys; the King family, Cull and Sam, the latter killed in the war. Henry Clark, another bright boy met the same fate. Then there was Frank Connelly, exceedingly bright, and surpassi.lg all the boys in the sports of the day. He had the fastest sled, the best skates, could turn more handsprings, and swim better than any other boy. He died in I86o, and was buried in the old graveyard on the hill. Quill Yohe, who died recently, recalled to my mind many incidents of those days. One in particular that we used to refer to in after years-Quill's father kept a shoe store and repair shop, and required him to, work at cobbling when not otherwise employed. One pleasant summer day, Quill, Ben Cooper, and myself, planned to go up the creek, fishing, but how to get Quill from his father's shop was what troubled us. It was carefully planned. We carelessly called into the shop when Quill was hard at work under the watchful eye of his father, but our hearts failed us. We could not utter a word that would secure a day's freedom for the miserable occupant of that work-bench. After much time engaged in knowing glances, employing gestures and "lip talk", among the trio, poor Quill became desperate, and in determination called out, "Father, the fish will bite well to-day." The old man looked at us all for a moment, and picking up a strap, replied: "Just you work away, Quill, they won't bite you. Now you two suckers git! I'll give you both a bite". And he did. We felt thle strap as we cleared the door. I am sure,that Ben got out first. The James MicCallister Family, old and young, were prominent in my younger days. They conducted a large blacksmithing establishment. The shop was located where the new school-house now stands. The shop was the birthplace of the great sled, "Kingfisher." "Ociola", its rival, was owned by the boys at the Carriage factory. George and Mary, the. two youngest children of this large family, now live in Connecticut. George could play a bass drum better than any one else, and was a member of the Layman Boys' Band, composed of Fred, Edgar and Wilson, also Amzi and Bub Eckles, and then father Washington. No other band ever produced such music before nor since. Whein they were on the street I can see now that army of chip-hatted, barefooted boys; John, Joe, Allen and Jimmie Corrin; Quincey, Joe, E'd. and Charley Campbell; Leroy, James, Will and Lute Yohe; John and Tom HIazzard; Astley, Charley, John and Wlilliam Cooper. What a host of names occur to, me of the boys that used to follow those drums. Many are dead and the rest live in different locations. Astley was killed by lightning while painting a house in what is the third ward of this city. Closely associated with my early days was the John S. Markell family. Charley, Gus (Rover), Cosgrove, Frank (Sally), and Grayson. Also the cousins: William, Charley, Lewis, and Edward. William is still in business at the old stand. It is with the affection that I recall the name of William iSicott, who was killed by falling while painting the old flour mill at the wharf. What a jolly, fun-loving boy he was. Every one loved Billy Scott, and his old companions cherish his memory. The Underwood Family holds a prominent place in nmy memory. Abraham and' James were older, but William and Charley were my 144companions. Charley was the best read boy I ever knew. All discussions were referred to him to settle, especially the current topics of the day. We were afraid of the late G. A. Hoffman, who was the boy orator of our day, particularly at the e.xhibitions then given at the close of school. He became a prominent member of the Washington County Bar. Associated with him in later years was our friend, Attorney James H. Simith, now a member of the Pittsburg Bar. My list of boy friends would be very incomplete if I omit the Aaron Gregg family, of whose members I have so many fond recollections. George was the oldest, then David, Thomas, Charley, and Albert, and handsome, manly John, who graduated from West Point, and was killed in battle in the Phillipines. The "over the creek" boys were about the toughest lot I ever engaged in a sectional stone battle with. They composed the Gregg Boys, William, Joe, and Frank, sons of Noble Underwood, also the Joe Underwood family, consisting of John,,David, Joe and Charley. De'Witt and Sylvester Collins; Thomas, Biget, Sylvester Applegate, Sam Boyd, Dan Maloy, the Frye Boys; Gus, Thomas, John and Albert Culbertson. I cannot forget the boys on the island. The Gee family of Joseph, John, William, Charley and Siamuel. All of this family are dead. They were a splendid lot of boys. The Coulter Boys, John, William and Henderson, called Hattie-- all good boys, but they,would just as soon fight as eat any time. "Hattie" could throw a stone with' more accuracy than any one I have ever known. This trio were all famous amateur baseball players of forty years ago, and no better citizens live in the old town at the present time. Another Island bay was Amariah Carmack, familiar to all his boyhood friends as "Toddy". He was one of my firmest boy friend's, and was one of the best marble players of his time. He has lived in Brownsville for many years, where he has become a prominent business man, and one of the most substantial citizens of that town. Abraham and Ernest Foster were two of my very warm friends, both remarkably bright and intelligent boys, sons of Benjamin Foster, a prominent man in the affairs of the town at that time. Abrahani Foster has long been a resident of Delaware, Ohio. In the centre of the town were the i'Stockdale Boys, Williaim, Addison, Alonzo, Curtis and Frank. The last is now a business man of McKeesport. Edward and Billy Haley both are dead, but their names are often mentioned. The Bowman Boys, John, Allen, James, William and Frank, will never be forgotten by their old companions. Harry K. iMosley, too, now living in Pittsburg. Stockton Harvey, who met a tragic death by drownino-, was a son of Caleb Harvey, who for many years kept the City Hotel. Joseph A. Herron then lived in Cincinnati, but spent most of his time in Monongahela, and is now the leading banker. His annual visits then created unusual interest. Billy and Charley Adams were two of the boys. The latter is dead; the former is in business in M'cKeesport. James Dickey was a central figure, and a good singer. He died a few years ago. Jefferson McLean, and his sons, Samuel and Bentley, were a whole circus in themselves. All w-re fine musicians. There was James P. Moore, from over the river, one of my closest friends. I remember, too, Jim and I were in Scranton, Pa., once, and all the mnoney we had between us was a quarter in my possession. In some way he persuaded me to leave the money with him, while I hustled arour-d to get a check cashed-in which I failed, and when I rejoined'Jim, he had been shaved, shoe-shined, and was contentedly smoking a five-cent cigar, little caring what happened next. Fortunately, to, my great relief, we got the check cashed. i45rhe two brothers, Tom and Jimmie Scott, were jolly boys; bot'L now dead. I remember once, Jimmie had his arm broken, and went to school with it all banlldaged up in a sling. It attracted s5 much attention that I wished my arm, wras broken, too. Percy Brown, and his two brothers, Dick and William, were old friends, too. I shall never forget my visit to Pelrry at his home in California, many years ago. The long drive from his house to the train over the Sierra NKvada Mountains. How glad we were to see eacli other and what a happv week we spent together-. I,any will remember how he and Sam Culbertson woold p'ay the piano together and whistle "The Mocking Bird." Both are dead. Sam Robison (called "Crusoe") was another royal, good boy of the town. Between Beecher Rose, Ted Harrison, Jim Leyda and Sam, it was hard to teli which was the best pool-player. They are all dead. The Borland Boys, John, Howard, Charley, Jim and Hunter, have all become business men. Jim is one of the representative men of McKeesport. Harry K. M4osely and Jack King are both well-known boys, but live in other cities. The Hamilton Boys, Al, Elmer, Keyes, Wilson, Harry, and.Wood, all prosperous business mnen, now. Of all the boys that I recall to mind, John Lew's Norfolk stands very prominent, and no boy of fifty years ago can forget the mischief this one bov could plan for all the others. He was bright and intelligent, with a strong, active body, and he kept his companions constantly on the move. Who can forget Lou Norfolk's cave? The rude, half dugout, half shanty lack in his father's yard. Every one of us has been in that cave. The "doings" in connection with that resort would furnish enough material to make a volume. Altho_ igh rudely constructed, it gave comfortable shelter to abotut a dozen boys at once, and on cold winter nights'it was sure to be crowded to its fullest capacity. On owne occasion, when there was about as many boys as could get in it, all enjoying the prospect of a meal of chicken, that was cooking in the big fire-place, some boys on the outside, in a spirit of fun, threw a package of powder dowli the chimney, which caused a great explosion. The anticipated supper was then and there served, informally; every boy had gotten his share with a slice of dressing, too. After recovering fromn the fright, it was impossible to recognize each other, for all were as black as coal. The- most wonderful thing connected with this incident was that at the time there was nearly a keg of powder in small packages, hidden under the shanty flQor. Why this did not explocde, too, and that we all escaped serious injury was surely m-iraculous. The boys who did the mischief were as much surprised and as badly scared, as the boys within. It was many years after before I found out who the boys were that caused the explosion. Every thing in the line of eatables that could be procured leg-itimately, of course, was kept constantly on hands, for meals were served at all hours. Very often the supplies were furnished by contribution, and as a rule, nio questions were asked. The section of the country over which Lou ruled with absolute power extended from his mother's kitchen to the street on the north, now occupied by the railroad. This, with the cave, included the stable, which was a very commodious building, and was used during the summer for shows, all of which I vividly remember. On one occasion the costumes were lost or had not yet been furnislied, I cannot remember which. However, the matter was laid before the Ways and Means Committee, which, after due deliberation, scoured the neighborhood,' and secured all the necessary paraphernalia. The show was given. Among the many articles procured by this prompt action was a co.uple of red and white 146table-cloths, which were cut up into strips for ring-banners. A few days later, some of the families living near by, claimed these articles, and caused no end of trouble to all connected with the show. I never could understand how thlese banners could be identified. as table-cloths in the condition they w-re in when the peopie claimed them as their property. I am sure they would not have the least case before any court.- Actually, it became so, in a short time, that it was impossible to hold a show at all. Altho' the audiences were good, an:l with the admission of the popular price of five pins, the enterprise promised success, still the people living in the vicinity made so much ado about nothing that it had to be discontinued. When the scenery and drop-curtains (which were made of numerous valuable.shawls) were disposed of or returned to the many claimants w'hom we recognized as the previous owners, this put an end to the show business. Boat-building was the next venture, and the contract for the first flatboat was given by Webster;Brawdy, one of our boon companions. The consideration to, be five dollars under certain conditions, with no, recompense for damages pertaining to material, etc. The designs for this boat were carefully' planned and the lumber was procured from Kiddo,o and Mioore's Planing Mill. Or did we get that lumber one dark night?.Anyway, the stable became a very busy place, and the construction of the vessel went on with a rush, and in a short time it was finished. It was carried with great ceremony to the river, but did not come up to the expectations. It was not half the size that we thought it was; it looked so much larger in the stable. Then it lay over on one side, and in every respect was a complete failure. That night it disappeared and was never found. Not at all discouraged, we procured more material from the same firm, and our next efforts were more successful. Now, I must say, after'many years have passed, that many things thatwere done, altho' not strictly straight from a moral point of view, we could not see anything very wrong in our conduct. Many people predicted that we were going straight to the gallows. I am happy to say that not one of the boys that engaged in all that mischief, proved to be a bad man, but, on the contrary, each one has grown up to, be a respected citizen, wherever he has located. "In the Good Old Summertime". How applicable this phrase to the days of long ago, when a boy would raise his hand in the form of V with two fingers. No longer age was necessary to convey the meaning that how great the cistance. this was meant to go, swimming. What a resort was the old elm tree whlich stood on the river bank back of the residence of Howard Borland,' its branches making a shade far out. on the water, and was the popular swimming place for years. In and out of the water a dozen times a day. "The last man in, etc"; "Chaw bacon"; "Green apples are ripe"; "Blue Mud"; etc. Such expressions can only be defined by the boys who, used them. Nothing now remains to show where the old tree stood. The majority of the boys that it sheltered from the summer sun, like the old tree, itself, have passed away; but it will always remain in the minds of the living as one o.f the dear old land marks of the town. A remarkable family of boys was the Anton Boys: John, Gooroe, Fred, Chris, Joe, and Pete, all fine musicians. The last became a popular physician of Chicago. He died several years ago. The others are all living, and prominent citizens of this town, except Joe, who lives in New York. Now I am compelled to mention just a few of the older boys. Although older, they were the youngest old boys the nineteenth century. Talk about fun. Just recall the names of Bill and Clark Wilson; John Edmunds, J. K. Long, -and William Robinson, now of Washington, and you have a whole show. Get into a crowd with Dr. C. B. Viood, Dr. George Lytle, Dr. Patton, and hear one 147of Charley N,eel's imitations of some local character. Now you will take a good laugh in recalling it. Then when you think of checkers, you will remember Jim l\icCollough, who could beat half a dozen players, and never look at the board. Al. Hamilton and Jim were surely "it" with checkers. Frank Pierce, and Joe Lytle from over the river, were really town boys and were counted in, too. Both are now living in this city. Eugene Byers has come up with the town from a boy, and has always been a progre,ssive man. Isaac Yohe built a sled for me once for a quarter. I am sure it was about one of his first sleds, and like all he does, was well done. He is one of the progressive men of the town. The great Civil War came on and the towns experienced the same exciting scenes that were enacted in every northern community all over this great country. I served during the last year of the war. I was just fifteen years old when I enlisted in July, I864. I have been a member of Post 60 G. A. R. ever since its organization. After the war I served in the regular army iii the 6th U. S. Cavalry on the plains against the Indians. I have belonged tD several military organizations in the town, and I organized Co. A. Tenth Regiment N. G. P., of which I was captain for five years. This company was sworn into, service on the evening of July 3rd, I884, by the late Col. Alexander Hawkins, and has remained in service up to the present time. This company has remained in continuous service longer than any other company in the history of the town. It has a fine record, and the citizens are justly proud of it. Capt. R.'F. Cooper commanded the old Monongahela Artillery Company for many years previous to the war. That company answered to the first call for troops by Pres. Lincoln for the three month's service. When it returned Capt. John McBride recruited up to the full number of men, and it served as Company D. in the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. J. D. V. Hazzard, now living in Florida, Served as a corporal during the three month's term, but went again as second lieutenant, losing an arm at the battle of Perrysville, Kentucky. He became prominent in National Guard affairs after the war, and was my ideal soldier. I could say a great deal pertaining to the military of the town, and trust that some able person will be assigned this subject. Previous to the Civil War the question of slavery was interesting the people of Monongahela as much as in other sections of the country. I am sure from what I remember the Anti-Slavery people were in the majority and have always remained so. This condition of the sentiment of the people was, I think, remarkable at that time and I can only attribute the radical view of the slavery question to the superior intelligence of the community which subsequent events have proven their judgment was right. Monongahela always had a large percentage of colored people. A great many of these people had come out of slavery in various ways, so it was only natural that the colored man was of more than passing interest to the people of this little town. Fireside stories of the slavery were told in nearly every household and Uncle Toms Cabin was surely the greatest book of the period. In the town at that time a great many colored people lived as residents, if I remember rightly they were a well behaved people. The late Rev. William Ralph was the representative colored man of the town for fifty years, a man of gigantic frame and great strength with a character above reproach. He occupied a prominent place in the church and lived to be a great age; a highly respected man in the extensive circle of his acquaintances. Many years of his life he was in the coal delivering business and my strong minded Aunt Mrs. J. B. Taylor was one of his customers. At that time 148I was a boy of tell or eleven years of age and became the confidential friend of Ralph which continued until his death.,M\y Aunt was a violent abolitionist of the outspoken kind andcl few wlho differed with her cared to measure words with her on that subject as thley would be sure to give up and leave the field. Stories of runaway slaves were common and they were often seen passing through or near the town, but I had never come in contact with one. I remember on one occasion I thouglht my aunt was a long time on the porch settling a coal bill with Ralph. I thought their talk had something to do with me, but I was sure that I had not thrown any stones down Granny Ralph's kitchen chimney for a long time and as I was punished for that, there was nothing on the docket from that source. However when night came on, I was made acquainted with the subject of that mysterious conversation and promises of eternal death in case I betrayed them. I am glad to say those promises were kept long years after it was necessary to keep them. Two colored men were brought to our stable that night by Ralph and secreted in our hay loft. They remained all night, and the next day, and the following night I got a skiff and landed them on the other side of the river, where a tall man met and took them in charge, and started up the hill with them, at the same time telling me to return home. This I did but the mystery and the quiet of the whole thing impressed me as if something great had been done and I was unable to decide if it were right or wrong. I fully understood that I was the possessor of a great secret, and after a great many years I realize the importance of the incident.'But that'was not all, this being repeated several times. Once there were three men, once one man, and all other times there were two. Always the same man on the' other side to receive them from me..M'r. Ralph had a stable of his own but it was too public for business of this kind. He lived then opposite the present home of Mr. T. S. McCurdy. He had a large family and too many persons had errands to his stable, to be a safe place for runaway slaves. My aunt's-stable was just the place of refuge desired and it proved to be entirely satisfactory. WIhen Mr. James Mbore purchased the property he had the stable razed. It was near the end of the lot, down toward the river. Of course the war came on and then the conditions of the colored man changed. I remember well when it was like running the gauntlet for a colored boy from the lower end of town to go up street. Charley Davis (Good Lucks as he was called) will no doubt bear me out on this. Charley carried the Pittsburg Dispatch which was composed of three pages and many a time he would have to run to shelter. He was a fighter to a finish, if given half a chance, and fair play. He is a well to do citizen of Courtney, where he keeps store. I am sure that there were many others who helped a colored man along, and this was called the Underground Railway to Canada and to freedom. It was on one of these occasions that I was taught to know and locate the North Star. How very many times in my life have I been guided by that star myself when I could not have been guided by anything else. I always think of the tall kindly man who gave me my first instructions. Do the present generation of colored people fully appreciate the privileges they now enjoy? I am inclined to think they do not, and can not realize, the great contrast of the past and present. I feel that I have written more than I should, but I have tried to be as brief as possible. I have been living my young life over again, forgetting the 149RELIABLE J.EWBELER EAND- OPTICI N The Oldest Established Jewelry House In MONONGAHELA, PA., 202 Main Street. CRUIKSHANK'S FOOD PRODUCTS ARE ABSOLUTELY PURE THEY MEET REQUIREMENTS OF ALL PURE FOOD LAWS CRUIKSHANK BROT HERS CO. PITTSBURG, U. S. A. I I I ~ - I r R I ~ I I I I _ - - II ~r _ ~ -- ~ -- ~1 ~I~ --II I,, rr a lion# iunpleasant side, and thinking only of the sunny side of the past. If I lhave written anything that will interest the friends of that long ago I will feel amply repaid for my effort. Now, trusting that the bonds of friendsbip of the past will o:-ly grow stronger with the coming years; that our lives will be brighter, and that the homecoming to be held in the old town will cause many old friends to be reunited, that would possibly never have seenl one another again, except under such circumstances. I trust, too, that the short time that I have had in which to comply with your request will be appreciated in what I have written; the beFt I could do under the circumstances. Hoping to meet you all in the near future, I am, and always will be Yours truly, JO'S,EPH TAYLOR ARMSTRONG. i S.. P. KEILER.....JAMES BROWN. D. R, HAMILTON. as born in ononiigahela 81 years ago. Mr. Hamilton had the honor of being present at a wedding ceremony when he was only three weeks old. RALSTON WILLIAMS. Ralston Williams is a native of Washington county, born in Nottingham township, December 27, 1831. He received his education in the old log school *house and from that time until 1876 he was connected with, Messrs. Walker Sheplar, in the insurance business. In 18'7 he established the present business. M,r. Williams served one term as mayor of Monongahela, was an alderman for II years, is an elder in the First Presbyterian Church, is a member of R. A. and A. O. U. W. 150TOP _ROW-Wilson Layman, W. T. Marklell. Josenh Lytle. Dr. C. B. Wood, Jos. T. Armstrong, W. T. Gre.Wow.d E. A. HFoster SECOND BOW-Tom Pollock. F. N. Woodward, Daniel Maloy, Jas. L. Yohe. Jas. Austin. Jas. Corrin. BOTTOM ROW-Wm. Coulter, D. G. WoodWard. Henry Louitt.The 49rs were organized in I898 by a number of our townsmen who were born in I849. Tlhey have about twenty or thirty members and their happiest time in the year is when they meet on the last Tliursday in January for thieir annual banquet. With school and school books out of md;......................... Float Fown alng Sal lEMING'S HOLE. Dear Pigeon Creek sometimes in dreaitems To thy green banks msat ancy strays, And theilln again I gotfeel it seems, The ecstacy of boyhood days. And I "suckers"nwind that liwoul benrom pole To fish in Old Sal Fleming's H ole. There many a sfimnmer day have I Upon the Soft green grass reclined, And watched the waters rolling by, Witlve school and school books oue,t of mind And saw the bubbles from the shoal, Float down along Sal Fleming's Hole. With sharp hooks, well with minnows baited. And fishing rod so slim and light, How patiently I've sat and waitedWaited till I got a "bite" Then "suckers" that would bend a pole Came flapping from Sal Fleminlg's Hole. And there were sunfish, chubs and bass, Of silver side and beauteous hue, With dex'trous hand upon the grass From out the clear, cool depths I threwIn days when I from school room stole, To fis'h in Old Sal Fleming's Hiole. 152The songs of birds, the sweet perfume, There wafted on the summer's gale That canie down through the clover blooms From hillside sloping to the vale, And left their impress on my soul WAAhile fishing in Old Sal Fleming's Hole. Back on the flat the iron weeds, Blue-blossomed in luxuriance grew.. And often, naked, as swift as steeds, Those weeds we c!h.ased each other throughThen suddenly'twould be our goal Who first could plunge in Fleming's Hole. Sometimes we fished, sometimes we swanm, And sported in the grassy tide. In Old Sal's Hole and Old Black's Daim, That then was in its prime and pride:And while the old mill ground for toll, We fished and swam in Fleming's Hole. Full fifty years have rolled away Into the ocean of the past, But still as bright as yesterday, Appears the joyous day when last I sat there almost cheek by jowl WVith chums and fished in Fleming's Hole. Full many a change in these long years, In all those scenes, have taken place; Sorrows and griefs and hopes and fears Have'come and gone with rapid paceStill Pigeon Creek's bright waters roll And ripple in Old Sal Fleming's Hole. I stalnd again on that same ground And watch the waters sweeping on, But where can the olcl chums be founld? To the UnknoTwn have they all gone? A shadow casting on my soul AVhile thus, I gaze on Fleming's Hole. --Robert Baker. TWENTY YEARS AGO. In "Thanksgiving Week," more than at any other time of the year, the "old homestead" comes into its own. Not only from all parts of the United States, but from all parts of the world, steam vessels and trains then bear thousands of wanderers back to the scenes of their youth. It is the period in which manhood harks back to boyhood to inhale again the odors of old ovens, to recall the notes of half-forgotten music, to wander over old playgrounds and among the graves of old school fellows. 153Among the fugitive poems which, clipped from old newspapers by our grandmothers, have found asylums in musty old scrap books, few are more popular than "Twenty Years Ago," which first appeared, as nearly as we can learn, about the middle of the last century. Though this is not, of course, to be regarded as a "Thanksgiving poem," it is so imbued with the homecoming spirit that it may appropriately be offered during the home-coming season. Its author is unknown. I. I've wander'd to the village, Tom, I've sat beneath the tree, Upon the schoolhouse playground, which shelter'd you and me; But none were there to greet me, Tom, and few were left to know, That play'd with us upon the grass some twenty years ago. 2. The grass is just as green, Torn -barefooted boys at play Were sporting just as we did then, with spirits just as gay; But the "master" sleeps upon the hill, which, coated o'er with snow, Afforded us a sliding-place just twenty years ago. 3. The old schoolhouse is alter'd some, the benches are replaced By new ones, very like the same our penknives had d'efaced; But the same old bricks are in the wall, the bell swings to and fro, It's music just the same, dear Tomn,'twas twenty years ago. 4. The boys were playing some old game, beneath the same old treeI do forget the name just now; you've played the same with me On that same spot;'twas play'd with knives by throwing so and so, The loser had a task to do, there, just twenty years ago. 5. The river's running just as still; the willows on its side Are larger than th.ey were, Tom, the stream appears less wide. But the grape-vine swing is ruin'd now where once we play'd the beau, And swung our sweethearts-"pretty girls"-just twenty years ago. 6. The spring that bubbled'neath the hill, close by the spreading beech, Is very low-'twas once so high that we could almost reach; And kneeling down to get a drink, dear Tom, I even started so! To see how much that I am changed since twenty years ago. 7. Near-by the spring, upon an elm, you know I cut your name, Your sweetheart's just beneath it, Tom, and you did mine the sameSome heartless wretch had peel'd the bark,'twas dying sure but slow, Just as the one whose name was cut, died twenty years ago. 8. My lids have long been dry, Tom, but tears came in my eyes, I thought of her I loved so well--those early broken tiesI visited the old churchyard, and took some flowers to strew Upon the graves of those we loved, some twenty years ago. 9. Some are in the clhurchyard-laid, some sleep beneath the sea, But few are left of our old class, excepting you and me, And when our time is come, Tom, and we are call'd to go, I hope they'll lay us where we play'd, just twenty years ago. 154PETER FELL'S SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS, 1866. Clark Capronl, Clyde Keller, Lonis Y:ohe-- Harry Young, J. B. Carthers, Emery Grablr, Chas. Valentine, J. W. Fell, Peter Fell (Teachb r.)........ "WHICH IS WHICH" Clark or William. 155JOSEPH ALEXANDER. Was born A_pril 1, 1795 and died June 20. 1871. His early life was spent on the farm on Ten-Mile Creek and later moved to Barnesville, Ohio, where his father was interested iri teaming and transported supplies for the United States troops, then engaged in the War of 1812. Joseph was then employed by his father as teamster and among his associates where Tom Corwin, who became famous in after years as a statesman. In 1828 he moved to Williamsport and entered into the mercantile business. Joseph Alexander was prominently identified with the moral and social interest of Monongahela serving frequently as a member of the council and school board. Was a member and trustee of the H. B. church, an original stockholder and among the first managers of the Williamsport Bridge Co. He was associated in business. first in the mercantile and later in the banking with his sons under the name of Alexander Co. WM. J. ALEXANDER. Was born April 16: 1820. Died June 28. 1894. He came to WilliamsDort when he was eight years old, obtained his education at a subscription school and in 1836 began his business career in Pittsburg. In 1843 he became the junior partner in his father's mercantile business under the name of J. Alexander Son and continued under that name until the present firm was organized in 1850. Mir. Alexander was identified with the Alonongahela Gas Co., Monongahela Cemetery, was a memnber and officer of the Presbyterian Church for nearly fifty years. He served as a captain in Co. G., 18th Reg. Pa. Militia which was called out by Gov. Cultin to protect the borders of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Mrs. Winm. J. Alexander donated to the Carnegie Library of Allegheny the famous "Audubon's Birds of America." The work is one of considerable rarity and of great value, copies of the original edition setlling from $2,500 to $4,000. FIRST HOME OF ALEXANDER AND CO., 1850-1871, 156JOSEPH ALEXANDER. WM, 3',. ALEXANDER, BANKING HOUSE OF ALEXANDER CO., FROM 1871-1906, 157JAMES SANSON ALEXANDER. Born in Williamsport, Aug. 28, 1828. Was partly educated at Blake's Hazzard's Academies and finished his education at Washington College. He then entered his father's store later becoming a partner in both store and bank. He was identified with bank unuCil his death. He served as clerk of the councils and treasurer of the school board. Mr. Alexander served as president of the board of deacons and trustee of Presbyterian Chuirch, where he had been a member for many years. CAPTAIN DAVID B. HERRON, The immediate ancestiry of'Captain David B. Herron mlade their homes in Cincinnati, Ohio. ITe and his twd older brothers came to Mhonongahela City in 1841, and became identified with the business and social interests of the Town for a number of years. In 1846 he married Eliza, the daughter of Joseph Alexander. Capt. David B. Herron subsequently became identified with steamboat interests in the upper and lower trade-as commander of a number of well, known steamers. Many of his old surviving friends will recollect his politeness, suave and urbane manner-his strict integrity, high sense of honor, and obliging and generous disposition. He died March 22nd, 1864 from disease contracted by exposure on his steamboat in transporting troops, munitions of war and supplies on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers for the Union army. ANDREW PETER MORRISON. Graduated at Washington College, 1849, read law with his brother Joseph and Judge William McKennan-and practiced in Allegheny County associated with his brother until his death. Enlisted in 1861 in Co. A, Ninth Reg., Penna. Reserves and served through the war. At the close of war resumed his practice and remained in practice until his death in 1890. Was a resident of Monongahela at time of his death. JOSEPH SCOTT MORRISON. Known as a resident of MIonongahela since 1837. Graduated at Washington College in 1844, read law with Hon. F. M. T. McKennan, admitted to Washington County bar in 1847, shortly after became - a member of Allegheny County bar and practiced law in that county until his death in 1886. His home was in Monongahela at time of his death. 158MY TRIP TO WILLIAMSPORT IN I872. By Dr. J. P. Norman., My first visit to M.onongahela, not then raised to the dignity of a city, was made about M~arch, I872. Leaving Pittsburg on one of the Side Wheelers of the old Packet lines, I recall the beautiful farms, lawns, woodlands, and hills that diversified a journey full of novelty and pleasure, almost all of which have disappeared and replaced by vast industrial plants and coal tipples that now line the banks of the river, even the hills being shorn of much of their former beauty by the coal industry. The first landing we made after we left Pittsburg was at the Poor Farm about eight miles from the city, on which was erected a large and substantial brick building in which the City sheltered and cared for its poor. This and the adjoining farm is now covered with houses which serve as homes for thousands of workers of,Homestead and Munhall. The second stop was at Braddock Fields a hamlet there with a population numbering about 500. Its old name has been shortened and I fear has caused much of the historic interest which surrounds that place to be forgotteii. Now it is Braddock and in its unbroken and expanded boundaries appears to the casual traveler to be really a part of Pittsburg. Our next landing was at McKeesport then claiming a population of about 6,ooo so.uls and now grown into a large, prosperous city of about six or seven times that population. What was to me the last landing, we made at Monongahela then claiming a population of about 300oo souls. The limits north and south included the Island with Pigeon Creek as its southern boundary and extended to what is now Fifth Street though only a few buildings were erected south of Fourth. At that time Monongahela could boast of but few buildings of any size. The one in which special pride was felt was the Odd Fellows building which had been recently finished. Shortly after my arrival in Monongahela a charter of Incorporation was secured and Monongahela whose historic life extended back into the Colonial Times was raised to the dignity of a city. A friend of mine, whose hands and words are folded in rest always called it The City of Push and with joinful energy it has verified the truth of the true saying, for now we have a population of about I2,ooo souls, a number of prosperous and growing plants, Public Schools, noted in neighboring communities- as well at home for efficiency and thoroughness in work, and stores and merchants whose counting incurs in business, and ability to please their customers, place them in the ranks of even'a.city of a la?rger population. I have -poken of Pigeon Creek as the southern boundary of Monongahela in I872, and but few dwellings could be found south of it in the place then named Catsburg. The origin of this title I was informed by whom I believe to be a citizen of the town, was due to the fact that cats, always numerous, resorted to' the other side of the creek to fight their duels, settle their disputes, and eat their catnip which grew there abundantly. The tumult and noise of their battles disturbed and racked the quiet of the citizens and so they called it Cats-' burg. 159Qhar1cs 11 1)csslcr Successor to John Beaumont CITY MUSIC ROOMS Dealer in High Grade *ianos and Orsan$, Phonographs an Calking machines of all descriptions; BAND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS of all kinds. Latest in Sheet Music. Pianos Organ Tuning Done. GENUINE SINGER SEWING MACHINES. Established I873. 3Io Main St. ONE PRICED CLOTHIER JOE FAUBLE. -. commenced business in I. Monongahela March 17, 1906 and to-day is one i of the largest and best CLOTHING and GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS stores in the Monongahela...................................... V alley. W e try to please. COME AND SEE 222 MAIN ST. NELSON BUILDING. I I - I II I ~ ~ I - IY II II I 1. ~, _ I -- - - -- -sll~ II~ LI I II _,, I___ I -- ---- II I I ~~~ I I I I p I I I i I t =I;1Among the early Mayors of TMIonongahela I recall one who was very efficient and quite humane in his feelings. On one occasion when asked where he was going he replied I am going up to look after a cow, a wagon run over her tail and cut it' off. This Miayor was also one of the heroes of the Civil War and was proud of his experience and fond of speaking of it. He was a member of the Emergency Company of Volunteers. One day he said, "You know that the captain always placed me in the rear platoon because in case of retreat I could act as leader because I was familiar with the road." The Mayor was by profession a druggist, and a citizen of Mbonongahela, one who had been serving as a soldier in The Bad Lands returning home at the expiration of his term of service, called to see him at his store. The soldier not finding him in when he called, busied himself in removing the clinkers from the stove in the store and arranging them around ot n the floor. When the druggist returned his friend pointing to the clinkers said to him, "I was in the Bad Lands and thinking it might be acceptable I brought some of the rocks from aro,und there." He received cordial thanks for his friendly interest, and the clinkers were placed in the window on exhibition, and remained there for several weeks before the druggist's eyes were open to see the joke. PASSENGER ENGINE THAT CAME INTO MONONGAHELA ON JULY 4, 1874. Teddy O'Rourk, Capt. James Chessrown. Sid Madery. Albert Yohe. 160DR. WILLIAM LOWRIE SPARKS WILSON, Born June 26, 1834. Died Sept. 6, 1886. He read MRedicine with Dr. Wrilson located at Bellesville and entered on his profession at Youngstown, Ohio, coming to Mionongahela in 1859 and opened a drug store. He was superintendent of the first telegraph built in this place also was the first ageiit for the P. V. C. and Adams Express Company in this city. Served as notary public, several terms as school director, 2 terms as burgess and served in council of the old borough. Was connected with the Presbyterlian Church and 2 years sutperintendent of its Sabbath School. SAMUEL VAN KIRK. Samuel Va'n IKirk caime to Williamsporlt i 1836. and established the first steam saw mill. The mill stood about where now stands the Pigeon Creek Bridge. The product of the mill was floated to the Pittsburg market. After conducting the business several years Mlr. Van IKirk disposed of it and returne(l to his oldl ho-me at Elizabeth. JAMES WARNE. Born in Parkinson Ferry, May lth, 1S12, in the frame house opposite the EpiIscopal Church wihere lie lived until the age of 14 when his father lmoved to the first w-ard. He was a. lieutenant in the old Jackson guards holdinlg a commission unider the governor of Pennsylvania, was member of the Methodist church, member of the board of trustees and on the building col-mmittee of the Edwards Cllhael con?iregation of Ginger Hill. Died Nov. 13th, 1894. W. A. PATTERSON, Born Aug. 22, 1853. At the age of 17 years came to Washington County, attended the State'Normal School at California and later graduated from Duff's Business College. He first entered business as ticket agent for the P. V. ; (J. R. R. at Houston Run, later the mercaintile business and filally going to Arkansas where he entered the sheep raising business. He finally returned to Alonongallela and opened a furniture store, which business he coinducted until a short time before his death, November, 1895. 161EARLY RECOLLECTIONS. San Francisco, May 25,'o8. Chairman of the Program Committee of the Monongahela City Old Home Coming Association. Dear Sir:*Your letter received of April 25th requesting me to write you a piece for your program. I feel sure the letters or sketches you receive from Dr. John VanVoorhis, Capt. Joseph Hazzard and my old friend Capt. J. T. Armstrong, will be nmuch more interesting. However, I will scribble you a few lines about what I can remember back in the sixties and seventies when the boys used to drink their whiskey straight and walk crooked. They didn't drink very much champagne in those days, beer does not sparkle, but it bubbles and it was good enough for them. Youl older ones can remember R. M. Clark, when he was Postmaster. He would close tip the postoffice and go fishing. When Alexander Co. kept their bank in a little corner in the back end of their Clothing Store, they used an Arbuckle's Coffee box painted black for a safe. Things are more different now than they were then. In those days we used to go to the meat market with the money in our vest pocket and bring home a basket full of meat, but now you go to the meat market with a basket full of money and bring the meat lhome in your vest pocket. R, M. CLARK, Some of you remnember the big storm we had when Van Amburg's circus came to town. It was the biggest thing that ever came down the pike. How it did rain and blow. After the storm was over there was nothing left of the circus but a small piece of canvas and a live "Teddy Bear." It would have been a bad day for "Merry Widow hats". Bill McCleary lived up Dry Run hollow and he said it was the first time he ever saw water run up hill. Times were hard and business was dull in those days. The merchants most of the time would sit around and play snare drum solos with their fingers, but the town was full of lawyers and squires and they only had one law book between them. My father (R. F. Cooper) and T. R. Hazzard had a lawsuit to see who the law' book belonged to. While the suit was going on some one stole the book and for three or four years they used one of Ayer's Almnanacs for a law book. 162Simon Hillman slipped through the old bridge without paying his toll. when Amos Crall was toll collector and Crall ran after Simon, found him hiding in Gee's Marble Shop. While Crall was after S'imon, he lost the toll of two funerals, and a drove of cattle which Harrison Leyda had driven over the bridge. The case came up before Squire Clemmen's Court, which was held at night in a very small room down in Marshall's row. One dimly burning kerosene lamp gleamed in the murky atmosphere of the place, and after Simon was found guilty, Squire Clemmen's asked him if he had anything to say, why sentence should not be passed on him. Orr Scott who represented.Simon as his Attornev, rose slowly from the small end of a soap box and said, Your Honor, I would like to appeal this case to Squire Hazzard's Court, not that I think you errored in this case, but I have hopes of the higher court making an error. Appeal denied. Simon, stand up; now if you will promise me faithfully to come and water my cabbage at 7 o'clock to-morrow morning, I will let you off without a fine. Simon promised. (It rained hard all that night). Billy Scott was the first one from Monongahela to see an electric light. He went to Pittsburgh and when he came back he was telling us how funny the incandescent lights looked. He said, they burned hair pins in bottles; said he asked a man what they called them and the man told him indecent liquories lights. Poor Billie, no better boy ever lived; he always had a fresh piece of tobacco and an extra tobie in his pocket. Tom Collins and Joe Armstrong went in partners in the painting business. Tom'sent Joe out to buy a horse. Joe bought one from Ferg. Scott for $17.4o0. Tom told Joe to go down and see Mr. Shepler and ask him how much he would board the horse for. W'hen Joe came back Tom said, how much does.Mr. Shepler want, Joe said, that Mr.'Sihepler said he would board the horse for $30.00 per month and that he would allow $2.00 per month for the manure, making it $28.oo. Tom said to Joe, go down and see MVIr. Long. Joe went down and saw Mr. Long and came back and Tom asked him how much Mr. Long wanted and Joe said $Io.oo per month. Tom asked about the manure and Joe said I didn't ask him, (go ask him). Joe went down and asked Mr. Long and when he came back Tom said, well what did he say, Long said if he boarded the horse for $io.oo there wouldn't be any manure. Mlany of you remember old Daddy Ralph and how he wastroubled witl his corns. Now as they had no Chiropodists in Monongahela then, he called on Dr. Miorrison. The Dr. told him he had better go up to Hodge's blacksmith shop as lie could do nothing for his corns. Mr. Hodge looked at the corn and told Mr. Ralph that the only thing that could be done with his hoof was to drill a hole in the corn and then blast it. I remember once that Mr. William Corrin sent Johnny Corrin down to the Methodist Church with six bottles of wine for Communion. Johnny met some friends and of course the Church didn't have any Lord's Supper on Sunday. Many years ago Charles Bentley and I went into the iron business. We bought our goods cheap on trust, and we sold dear for cash, but Andrew Carnegie soon forced us to the wall and our business soon went into the receiver's hands. Howard Borland is still looking after the receiver for the money, for his pay for an old stove we bought from him. One old well known land mark was put out of commission by Wilson Layman, many of you remember it, Louis Norfolk's Cave. Wilson borrowed a keg of powder from Oliver C. House (when House was'nt looking) and he dropped it down the chimney of the cave and as it didn't seem to explode soon enough for Wilson, he looked down the chimney to see what was wrong. Just 163as he looked down, off went the powder and the shock was like a San Francisco earthquake. You all know now why W\ilson never has had any whiskers. COFFEE GROUND CLUB, Al. Hamllilton, Frank Scott, Harry Hamilton, Jim. Patten, Reed Frye, Tom Pickett, J. TW. Conn, H. C. Sutman, Oscar Brawdy, Will Heyser, Ed Henry. Many of you remember when Professor Ed. iSherratt, his son James C. Sherratt, Ernest Foster, Joe Brooks and several others went on the road as the Original Colored Tennessee Jubilee Singers. Joe Brooks and E. A. Foster can tell you, they got back home. James C. Sherratt is now located at St. Anthony, Idaho. He is editor of the Chronicle published at St. Anthony. So many of the old Citizens of'Monongahela have passed and gone to the great beyond. Many of them drifted away to all parts of the globe, but I don't think any of them that are living, ever go to bed at night but what think of their old home in Monongahela or some of their dear friends left behind. I at least do. We are not sure if the MA'oon is inhabited or made of green cheese, nor do we know if the planet M\ars is inhabited or made out of cracked ice, but we do know a royal welcome will be given to all of the old residents who return to the Home Coming at M,\onongahela in September next. iMany changes have been made in your city since I left and I see by the Republican you have several Saloons. We have our share of them out in this neck of the woods. Out here they don't call a man drunk as long as he is able to lay down on the ground and hold to the grass and not fall off. Sitill its not very often you see a man under the influence of liquor. 16-1I don't think the young men in Monongahela love the girls as the boys used to love them. Billie Adams when he we'nt to Chicago after the big fire in October I87I, wrote his girl a love letter with a hand pointing toward Monongahela, in which he wrote: Dear darling, although we are far apart, it makes me feel happy to know that I have the pleasure to touch the air that touches the air that you touch. I could tell you lots about Henry Sutmani and James Corrin, but they are both in business, I will not mention anything about them as I do not care to cripple their business. Sincerelv, John H. Cooper. North west cor. of East and Mission St. SILAS HALEY,...........1Borin July 30, 1832 in Ohio. He learned tlle tailor's trade and at the age of 18 came to this place, where he followed his trade until 1854 when he opened a clothing store. He served as a member of council and was considered one of the most prominent merchants in the Monongahela Valley. G. A. HOFFMAN 165WILLIAM TAGGERT ROBINSON Was born 3March 18th, 1834, comiing to this city in 1852. For many years he served as clerk for Kellers, Abe Culbertson, Borland, and finally started in the clothing business for himself. He next entered the livery business and later run a butcher shop in an old building which stood where the Gamble building (Alain below 4th) now stands. Mr. Robinson died on MIay 30, 1891. CHILLION WASHBURNE HAZZARD. Born in Monongahela May 5, 1849 in the same house and same room in which his mother was born and married. During; the war he accepted a commission in the 12th Pa. Reserves and served throughout the war, being in 42 fights and at the close of the campaign was mustered out as brevet major. Before the war he had entered into the newspaper business with his father and after his return he became publisher and editor of the Daily Republican. He served as postmaster of our city, was prominent along the military line and served as director and trustee in many local concerns. GEORGE VAN EMAN LARENCE. Was born Nov. 13, 1818. He went to a district school in an old log-house, later to a small select school and one year at Washington College. Mr. Larence was. elected to the Legislature, State Senate, Congress and was a member of the Constitutional crnvention, be ng identified with the national and state politics for 50 years. He was a great lover of horses and his favorite sport was with the fox and hounds. 166BIRDS-EYE VIEW OF MONONGAHELA IN 1883,00L 00 MONONGAHELA, 1908.CENTRAL SCHOOL BUILDING. Dedicated July 1st, 1881 and destroyed by fire MIarch 3. 1883.E. P. Brown, Thomlpson JAolder Dealers in, Bell Phone 89-J This is to call you,r attentilon to! MINNEHAHA Flour famous everywh,ere for its bread making qualities. Some pjeople seem to think good bread is all in the baking anld solme! millers would have you biellieve it is all in thle, flo,ur. It isn't in either alo.ne-it's in b.o,th,. You imay be able to make good bread of almolst any flour but you can make bezttelr b,read oif some than otf,others just as a miller can makle better flou,r of some wheat than he can o,f c,thers. If you'would hrave the best bread you must havqe the best flour. The cool climate and rich soil of the no thwest, produc,s the finest wheat in th,e woarld-especially for bread making. MINNEHAHA Flour absolrb,s more water than ordinary flour anid of course do,es not dry out so sooan. MINNEHAHA urle_s do not have to bake so often becaulse th-.ir bread retains its fresh,nl:sls and flavor. These qualities come from the wheat. We d,o no.t ask you to take our word for it, but we a,sk you to try MINNEHAHA an,d diecide for yourself. All GrocLe,r,s handling Minnehaha are authorized to re)funld the m,o,ney if you are not etntirely satisfied with the flour. If yo,u are not acquainted wit,h it will you not give it a trial. It's in the stock of all the best grocers in thle Moniongahela Vall,ky. Yours very truly, THE NORTHWESTERN CONSOLIDATED MILLING CO. Aibuckles Co., Pittsbu,rgh, Minneapolis, Minn. Wholesale Distributors. _ I -.--- ---~ L~II II.I Iaraaas rrrrcl~t~almmmlmmI ~~ A(A CCICY/(( / We,/a,THE SCHOOL HOUSE FIRE. (Copied from the Daily Republican.) About 4 o'clock M/r. Simmons in company with some fellow miners going to work discovered the M'cGregor pine block, corner M~ain and Fourth Streets on fire. It seemed to them to be just under or just back of the stairway leading to the Record Printing Office, and R. F. Cooper photograph rooms. The alarm was at once given, but never before at any fire have we known so little effort made to awaken the people. The building in which the fire originated was built last spring, and was a wooden tinder box made of pine lumber, and filled with paint-a mere shell, which was soon in so hot a blaze that it was impossible to pass up M;ain Street between it and the Central Block, the flames soon spread to the wagon shops adjaceunt and that too blazed like a straw pile. It was evident that unless something was speedily done the new school house must fall prey to the flames. A feeble effort was made to tear the shops down, but the utter lack of appliances, and the fast encroaching heat soon rendered all attempts in this direction utterly futile. The cry went up "the School House is on fire" and soon the tongues of flame licking the cornice and eating its way into the roof, sent a shudder through the thousands of onlookers, and for a while paralyzed all efforts. Could it be possible, must that splendid building, the pride of our hearts, the magni,fi-* cent school building, pronounced by the State Superintendent, "the finest in the State"-must it be given a prey to the relentless flames, alas, it is too true, the school house walls stand now in a smoking ruin, all that is left of our yesterday splendid educational establishment. When the school house caught fire, from every window flashed the lurid glare of flames that was eating its decorated beauty, its pictured walls, as the flashes lit up the inside of the rooms where hung flower baskets, where roses bloomed and vines. climbed up the lintels, as through the windows one looked to see the roses and pictpres and vines fall into the hell of roaring flames, tears came from the eyes of parents and children alike and the teachers stood with groups of pupils about them, crying in mental sympathy. It was first seen by a party of colored miners going to work at 25 minutes to 4 A. M,. Henry Morgan, Fred Randolph, Henry Prior, Ben Montgomery and Joe Simmons, they were coming down Fourth Street from Chess, on the opposite side when Joe saw the smoke coming out of the back hallway and said, "Boys there's a fire". The men rushed to both front and back doors, saw smo.ke, seeming to, come from the stairway partition; they gave the alarm and lhallowed for Bob Cooper to get out, knowing that he slept in the building, by this time Lewis McDonalc! arrived on the ground, the first of any after the alarm, and seeing the state of affairs, rushed back for his ladder and returning bursted in the side door to Leyda's meat shop, what he saw there was smo,ke and flames.bursting. through the partition, coming from the direction of the pool room into other parts of the building, they then at once threw the ladder up to Mr. Cooper's sleeping room window, crushed it in, and helped him down the ladder. 170From the starting point the fire wenit up Chess Street burning the McFarland carriage shops and the S.chool House; up Main Street burning McMains residence and the Market Exchange Grocery and also scorching the cornice and roofs up to Alexander's Bank, also the Central Block opposite and the Mrs. Taylor property on Fourth Street. ESTIMATE OF LOSS. School house cost.......... $I7,500 School House Furniture and Fixtures................. 5,000 Record Printing Office...... 5,o0o Pool Room............... 1,503 McGregor................ 4,000 Photograph Gallery (Cooper's).................. 500 Leyda Meat Shop........... 200 Mrs. Taylor House.......... 200 Mrs. Taylor Offices........ Ioo00 McMains................ Ioo Kennedy Brick............. 1,500 Kennedy Frame........... I,200 Byers.................... I,00o E. Downer................ 20,0 WV. Scott.................. 50 Mrs. Wallace.............. 250 Mr. Wilgus................ 4,000 A. Ford................... 75 McFarland............... 200 Lennox................... 65 Mrs. Hill.................. Ioo Alf Smith.................. 15 $43,005 A, C. SAMPSON, SR,':-i ii:ii;?:?i:Was borin Feb. 15, 1828 near McKeesport, Pa. In his early life he followed the insurance business and was general agent for the Western Pennsylvania. He came to this city in 1853, was elected first president of People's Bank and remained with that institution until his death. He died M-iay 10th, 1872. 171AN OLD LAND MARK. The old covered bridge was built in I838 by a Mr. Pagan, he being the original contractor, and in order to make the building more complete, he sublet the contracts for different parts, which gave a number of our local men employment. Sam Devore had the contract for furnishing the stone, and he boated it by a keel boat from the mouth of Maple Creek. This stone was used for the building of the abutments. On the west abuttment (on this side of the river) there is a finished stone upon whiclh is carved the names of the officers, directors, contractors and employees of the covered'bridge. It lies about four feet underoground. THE STEAMER OELLA AND COVERED BRIDGE, The covered bridge was built 1838 at a cost of $60,000 -and burned down April 11, 1883. This lpicture is in the possession of Norman L. Crawford. At the place where the middle abutment stands, there was a hole about I8 feet deep, and in order to get a foundation, a large hollow box was built, Iox I8 ft., and into this stone and cement was dumped until it began to sink, and gradually filled up this hole which made a foundation on which the pier now stands. The wood used to make this box was procured from a sugar grove beyond the driving park. When the bridge was about half completed, a storm blew it down, many of the workmen escaping just in time to save their lives. Many will remember iMr.- AVm. Coulter who fell from this structure and received severe injuries. (Copied from the Daily Republican,) The bridge caught on fire and burned down April I2th, I883. A number of farners and their wives and daughters who were on this side of the river were taken across on the steamer Stella. 172Capt. Layman -did good work by towing the burning timber to. the opposite side of the river. MiAIr. Allan Parkinson, who tinmed the fire, said it was just four minutes after the fire was discovered, until the 7whole bridge was in flames, and twentyseven minutes from the time the first blaze was discovered until the bridge dropped into the water. A new roof had just been put on a few days before by Wim. Coulter, at the cost of $2,000. The Board of Directors. at tlhat time were: iVnm.'Galiraith, Pres.; Win. J. Alexander, Treas.; Joseph Herron, Sec.; M?\Irs. J. B. Fil'ev, Franklin,Manown and Frank Williams. CHARLES CRALL, Bo~rn November. 1800. Died June 22. SS81. Caime to this tow-n in 1829 and rented the ferry from Squire iMIanown, at the same time running a blacksmith shop oli the other side of the river (Carrolton). Wheii the covere(l bridge was built he started a boat yard at the mouth of Pigeon Creek and built keel boats. His wife was the first person to cross the covered bridge. GEORGE ALEXANDER KELLER, B oris ill Bedford Co., Pa., March 23, 1827 coming to this tow-n when but eight years old and lived here ever since. As a young boy he engaged l i teaminig and droving aiid made many trips from Monongahela to Pittsburg, Ciiicinnati and Neiw Orleans. Mr. Keller assisted in boatiiing the stone froim Maiple Creek, that was used in building the piers. of the old covered bridge. He remembers when Wm. Henry Harrison made his trip up the river, oii his way to VWashington, to take his oath of office in 1840. In 1850 he engaged in the grocery business, later in di'y goods and then opened the coal miiie on Second street near where the Liithelan church now stands. 1He purchased the old Carmack Founldry and run it for 18 years selling out to Aneas Graham to enter the river business. In 1895 he piirchased the Monongaliela Bottling Works and still operates it. WILLIAM COULTER, a Vas born Nov. 11, 1817. He received his education in one of the earliest subscription schools, in this city and attended during the winter season only. At the age of 14 he began working in a brickyard where........i-i he remained for three years. He then learned and completed the carpenter and millwright trade. Mr. Coulter for years was the leading contractor of this place, having worked on the old covered bridge, brick row, old central school building, etc. 173MRS. MARY ANN PORTER. Mrs. Mary Ann Porter came to Williamsport the year the covered bridge was built and started a boarding house in the building that stood on the spot now occupied by the MTarkell building (Cor. Main Church Alley). Among her boarders wvere several of the men who were working on the bridge. She died inll her 62nid ylear. ENTRANCE TO THE COVERED BRIDGE. BIG FLOOD OF JULY 10th, 1888. (Taken from Whiskey Point.)NOTES FROM THE DAILY REPUBLICAN OF JULY ii, i888, NEXT DAY AFTER THE BIG FLOOD. The loss at Blythe Co. Planing Mill will reach between $I5,ooo and $I8,ooo. James Neel and Winm. Barr lost I3 coal boat bottoms partly fitted up and about $2,000.o0 worth of coal boat sidings. A bevy of boat excursionists landed at Josiah Blythe gate. The water came up in the cellar windows at Herrons and Strouses and both families milked their cows this morning in the front yard. Ben Manown lost over Io,ooo cabbage plants that had just been planted last weel;. Dr. Wood suffers the loss of his garden and the sweat of his brow. W. A. Patterson took his horses out of the ugly old sheep shed and houses them in Bryants Hookers livery. The water drove all the down town rats up on higher land. Station Agent O'Ehrl said he heard one gray whiskered rat softly singing, "White Wings they never grow weary" while another said "What's the matter with Harrison, He's all righ.t." The river wall at the old Latta saw mill was washed away during the night. What damage is done to the Knitting Factory is a question. The foundry of the Ward Brake and Axel Works caved in about Io:30. Bowden moved about I:30. Lewis Carroll struck for shore about midnight. Josh Bush got away about 2 o'clock. When the rafts broke loose at Blythe Co's. mill last night, it looked as if the steamer Stella would be wrecked. Capt. Layman was the only man on'board, but by a fortunate combination of circumstances the boat was pushed into the eddy and swung safely to a good mooring at the gas house. This morning it was coaled from a loaded car on the railroad and steamed up to the wharf. The first floor of the flour mill was 6 feet under water and the flour was moved to Hodill's warehouse. McAllister Mill has several feet of water on the first floor. Conductor Walters' train was ordered out last night to proceed to Maple Creek to transfer passengers from Conductor Young's train, but the creek bridge was found unsafe and the trip was abandoned. Prospect point above'Gibson's blacksmith shop was constantly crowded with people. The rushing water freighted lumber, drifts, parts of'houses, wheat, hay and straw made a spectacle never to be forgotten. When Theo. Byers opened his store this morning he was startled by the number of rats that had taken refuge from the water in the cellar. A vigor-,)us campaign cleared the rodents from the room. Among the stuff that went down last evening were 2 flats, 2 barges partly filled with coal, part of a coal tipple with two cars, a platform with one car and a saw-mill. A row of tenement houses were dashed to pieces at the bridge. X Walter Applegate rescued his bees from the flood and placed them on a flat that was moored at his second story window. The water was two feet deep on Haley's dining room floor this morning and the family dined out. The notices put up about the gas works "No loafino' on these Premises", looks as though they were posted to warn the frogs and fish. Other big floods were April. I8:2, Tanuary, I862, and January, 1877. James McGrew says this flood is three feet higher than I852. 175HIGH WATER ON MAIN ST,, MONONGAHELA, PA., MARCH 14, 1907.MONONGAHELA SOLDIERS OF' THE CENTURY. (Copied from the Monongahela City Anniversary Book.,) Throughout the Revolutionary struggle, Augusta County, Virginia, which afterwards became Washington County, Pennsylvania, was strongly represented by both private soldiers and commissioned officers. "In the fall of I775, the Seventh Virginia Regimnent was recruited and organized by Colonel William Crawford. This was the first considerable body of men raised in the Mono.ngahela country for the Revolutionary service." Colonel Crawford's home was at Stewart's Crossing on the Youghiogheny, what is now New Haven, Fayette County, but many of ihis men were from the Monongahela Valley, and a number from this immediate vicinity. Colonel John Gibson afterwards commanded this Regiment, which did' gallant service throughout the war. The Thirteenth Virginia was afterwards raised in the same region of country in wlhich the Seventh had been recruited, and did service in the West, being stationed at Fort Pitt and other points on the Ohio and Allegheny rivers. The historian of WVTashington County says: "It seems remarkable that the sparsely settled country west of Laurel Hill, and principally the -Monongaihela Valley, should have been able to furnish two full regiments, (furnishing all the arms for one regiment), and put them into the field by I777." An independent company, under the command of Captain Joseph Irwin, had already been raised by Authority of the Laws of Pennsylvania, in that part of Westmoreland County, which is now included in WVashington County. This company was incorporated with Colonel Samuel Miles' "Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment." It was subsequently included in the Thirteenth Pennsylvania, then in the Second Pennsylvania Regiment and was finally discharged from service at Valley Forge, January I, 1778, by reason of expiration of term of enlistment. During its period of service, this company fought at Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Quebbletown (N. J.), Brandywine and Germantown. And upon its roll are found names familiar in local history. The Eighth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line was also raised in Westmoreland County, and among its officers we find the name of Captain Brady of WVashington, while the names bear names familiar in our neighborlhood, such as Butler, WVilson and McClure. This regiment was recognized as in the service of the state until after January I, I777, when we find it styled "The Eighth Battalion of Pennsylvania Troops in the Continental Service." Showing that it had been assigned to duty in the Continental Line. A roll of the above organization may be found in the Pennsylvania Archives, I776-77, page 202, also Crumrines History of Washington County. After the close of the Revolutionary War, t'here were no military operations of sufficient importance, except the Whiskey Insurrection, to call into active service a soldierly organization, until:the War of I8I2. Although the United States did not formally declare war against Great Britain until the I8th of June, I8I2, it was the firing of a British Man-of-War 177MAJOR JAMES WARNE. Born Dec. 6, 1779. Died Oct. 28, 1855. In 1815 James Warne with his brother-in-law, Wim. Parkinson, built and operated the first window glass factory in Western Pennsylvania, he also operated a boat yard and did a general mercantile business. In 1805 he was married to Mary the only daughter of Joseph Parkinson. In 1811, J. Warne was commissioned captain of the Williamsport Rangers of the 53rd Pa. Mlilitia. This company volunteered during the War of. 1812 and in the autumn of the same year he was commissioned major of the 1st Battalion in the 2rd Infantry. into the United States frigate "Chesapeake," on July I8, I807, that aroused the indignation of the American people, and led to the formation of military organizations. It was at this time that Captain James Warne recruited the company of infantry known as the Williamsport Rangers, and Captain John Shouse organized a troop of Horse, both of which companies actively participated in the war. The military spirit, at this time, was exceedingly active, and these companies held regular meetings for muster and drill, wvhich were not unmixed with festivity and social enjoyment. In an early Washingt!on County newspaper, we find the following: Parkinson's Ferry, July 4, I8II. The AVilliamsport Rangers, commanded by Captain James Warne, assembled at ten o'clock A. M. After performing variotis military tactics,. they dismissed until three o'clock P. M., when all met at the house of Mr. Joseph Parkinson and partook of an elegant dinner. General John Hamilton and Joseph Becket, Esq., occupied seats at the head of the table, and thirteen toasts were given. The Williamsport Rangers were mustered for a six months' campaign, under a call from the State of Pennsylvania for fourteen thousand men, and marched to the Canadian frontier. At Meadville, Pa., the battalion of Washington County troops was joined by the Bradford County Volunteers, under Colonel Piper. A consolidation of the forces took place, and the regimental organization formed, Captain James Warne became the Major, and Lieutenant William Hunter became Captain of the Rangers. Following is the roll of the company at the expiration of its services. Roll and muster of Captain William Hunter's Company of Infantry, attached to the First Regiment of Infantry, commanded by Colonel Jeremiah Sihider, in the service of the 1United States, from the State of Pennsylvania Brigadier-General Adamson Tamahill commanding, commencing the 25tl of September and ending the 24th of November, I812, both (lays included. Captain-William Hunter. Lieutenant-John Eckles. Ensign-Robert lMcGrew. Ist Sergeant--James Freeman. 2nd Sergeant-Wlilliam Chalfant. 3rd Sergeant-Jesse Robb. 4th Sergeant--John Watkins. Ist Corporal-Washington Palmer. 2nd Corporal--Frederick Layman. 3rd Corporal--William Crookham. 1784th Corporal-Johnson Chalfant. Fifer-William P. Biles. Drummer--Henry Pinkney. Privates-John Bridge, Francis Scott, Samuel Barnett, Joseph Butler, Alexander Jones, William Dalrymple, James Dougherty, Andrew Nicholson, Crawford Dally, Israel Pancoast, John Lefler, William Doyle, Samuel Spraker, William Wallace. The following is the muster roll of November 6, ISIo: Muster Roll of Captain John Shouse's Troop. Captain, John Shouse; Ist Lieutenant, John Cooper; 2nd Lieutenant, John Rice; Cornet, Benjamin Dickey; Trumpeter, John Snyder; Privates:Tunis Newkirk, Samuel Ferguson, Joseph Hamilton, Michael Erich, David Hootman, Noah Fry, Peter Shouse, George Bentley, William Neely, Samuel Clokey, William Scott, Robert Bryan, Charles Bryan, Peter Stacker, Solomon Redd, Adam Stillwagoner, Simon Westfall, Robert McGrew, George Newkirk, Emanuel Quinn, Peter Snyder, John Kerr, R.obert Love, James Hamilton, Robert Dunlap, William Wallace, Jr., J'ohn Bryan, James Frye, John McCracken, Daniel Thompson, James Anderson, John Boreland, John C. Darl, Thomas Brown, Peter C,hesrown, Charles Dougherty, John Keehoe, Moses Wallis, Leonard Everly, James McCorkle, William Phillips, James Dickey, Samuel Vance, George Leyda, Baptist Happer, John Beazle, John Farland, Henry Crawford, David Samuiels, George Morton, James McElhatten, John Sickman, David Witherow, Edward Dougherty, Leverton Thomas, Daniel Baxter, Elijath Jones, Martin E'mes, Eli Arnold, Aaron Theder. MEXICAN WAR. Of this war, Crumrine, in the history of Washington County, gives ~the following: "In the Mexican War of I846-48, not more than six men from Washington County entered into the United States service, the principal one of whom was Colonel Norton McGiffin, whose record in it was an honorable one. Of the others notching is known." Doctor Alfred Creigh, in his history of the county, written from I86I to I870 and published in the latter year, gives the names of the following persons as having been in the Mexican War: "Colonel Norton McGiffin, James Phillips, James Mackey, Henry Woods, and Jack Lowry." To these we can only add the names of Wilson Black and Richard Sparks Cooper, both of this place. The former died at Cincinnati on his way home, the latter died at his home, NovTember I3th, I857., THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Company G. Monongahela Artillery:-. Captain, Robert F. Cooper; Ist Lieutenant, John S. AMcBride; 2nd Lieutenant, Jesse C. Taylor; Ist Sergeant, William W. Thompson; 2nd Sergeant, John Myers; 3id Sergeant, Owen Bullard; 4th Sergeant, John S. Slanger; Ist Corporal, Reese Boyd; 211d Corporal, Benjamin F. Scott; 3rd Corporal, John H. Woodward; 4th Corporal, Alexander O'Donovan; Musician, Frederick Layman and James S. Scott. Privates:--Francis Allen, HarrisonI Bennington,.MAichael Barry, John Bellas, William H. Eberhard, John M. Gibbs, William H. Howe, William H. Hoffman, Henry -B. King, Andrew Lauderbeck, Sylvester Collins, WTilliam Mack, A~ugustus J. Miller, William ~ng, George WV. Potts, Joseph G. Keager, George Stewart, Theophilus Van179Logan-Gregg Hardware Co. 125-131 SEVENTH STREET PITTSBURG. We carry a large and complete stock of GENE!RAL HARDWARE CUTLERY MECHANICS' TOOLS MINERS' SUPPLIES GUNS AMMUNITION GAS STOVES RANGES HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, ETC. ETC. Our customers include the most progressive and up-to-date Hardware and General Merchants in the Pittsburg District. We sell to merchants only and solicit orders and inquiries from all merchants in good standing. Our ability to please you is evidenced by our 77 years established reputation for LARGE STOCKS QUICK SHIPMENTS GOOD GOODS REASONABLE PRICES FAIR TREATMENT Logan-Gregg Hardware Co. 1 2 5 - 1 3 1 SEVENTH STREET PITTSBURG.SLOOP OF WAR MONONGAHELA. The MONONGAHELA was a steam sloop of nine guns, built at Philadelphia in 1863 (?) and though built for ocean service was used almost continuously on the Missississippi. The most important battle in which she was engaged was the Battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, when Farragut, lashed to the mast of the HARTFORD, met the southern rams with his wooden vessels. The part the MONONGAHELA took in the great naval contest has been thus described-"The terrible ram TENNESSEE was waiting to smash her side with percussion shell, and, failing in that to crush her oaken ribs as if they were so much card paper. But the MONONGAHELA had fixed up an iron prow and immediately charged the ram but the KENEBEC lashed to her side held her back and the blow glanced off as did the broadside which accompanied it. Finally the TENNESSEE floundered under the walls of Fort Morgan and the union vessels moved on their way up the channel, but the TENNESSEE was after them. The MONONGAHELA was again ordered to attack with her bow which she did repeatedly aided by the turret attacks of the other vessels until the monster was finally beaten." A true aceonunt of this famous encounter in which the MONONGAHELA had so important a part can be found in "The abstract log of U. S. S. Monongahela, Commander, J. H. Strong, U. S. Navy, Commanding." Series I, Vol. XXI, page 829. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, at the Carnegie Library, in charge of.Miss Flora Jones. See also Admiral F;arragut's report, Series I, Vol. XX, Page 298. Admiral Farragut, in giving a detailed report regarding the U. S. ships of war, while aboard the Flagship MONONGAHELA, under date of June 15, 1863, says, "Sir I trust that my long experience in the navy, and particular my War experience during the last eighteen or twenty months, will justify my venturing to give an opinion on the subject of our ships of war. The vessel upon which I have my flag hoisted at the moment (the Mlonongahela) while superintending the blockade and reduction of Port Hudson, is a remarkable specimen. * * She is a ship of 1,378 tons, larger than our largest class frigates of the old style. * This ship has two XI-inch guns, one 150pounder rifle and four howitzers. * * Very respectfully, D. G. Farragut, Rear Admiral. After the war the MONONGAHELA became a training ship used by the navy until early in this year (1908) it was burned. V. H. kirk, James Mehaffy, Thomas Morgan, James S. White, Isaac R. Beazell, John Boyde, Patrick Collins, John C. Dougherty, Andrew Grant, Joseph D. V. Hazzard, James S. Harris, Alexander Haney, William G. Kennedy, Ellis N. Lilly, William S. Cooper, Daniel Mockbee, Hillery Miller, Charles Oliver, Samuel B. Paxton, John Rinard, Alfred L. Seckman, Robert S. Wilson, Charles McCain, William Woodward, Samuel Young, William Boxtrep, Samuel W. Beazell, William B. Brooks, Andrew Elliott, Alexander Gregg, S. Bentley Howe, William H. Heath, David Kearney, James L. Long, George C. Leighty, Thomas Miach, Jacob S. Miller, John Merrick, William Oliver, Samuel Prichard, Reuben Sutton, Jefferson G. Vangilder, David Morton, William T. Mereditih, William H. Wickerham, Daniel D. Yates. 180COMPANY D, 79th PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. FIRST ROW-Wm. Woodward, Lief Culberson, Alex O'Donovan, Wm. Miller, Joseph Wolf, John Rhinard, Chris Galloway. S.qm Chester. Amzi Eckles. SECOND ROW-John Berringer, Geo. Gibson, Wm. Smith, Sparks Cooper, Winm. Butler, Luke Beagel. I-A 00Company D., 62nd Pennsylvania Volunteers. The Battalion from Monongahela City was all mustered into selrvice July 22, I86i. Alvin King, Ist Lieutenant; James A. MAcGrew, Moses Arthurs, John Boyde, John B. Baker, Thomas Canfield, Elijah Crall, Joseph W. Flenneken, Joshua Fox, William Gibbs, Charles Gibbs, Meshech Haywood, James Maloy, Robert Milby, Theodore McCain, Jefferson McClean, Thomas M\IcElroy, William Stoops, Thomas Orr Scott, Carr Truxall, Lewis Worklnan,. Cyrus Workman. Company D, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Officers:-John S. McBride, Captain; Brisbin Wall, J. D. V. Hazzard, Samuel P. Keller, Alex. O'Donovan, Luke P. Beazel, Michael Berry, John Myers, William B. Brooks, Christopher Gallaway, William Shields, Hugh Pace, John A. Watson, Ianthus Bentley, Samuel Jester, Joseph W. Wolf, John A. Long, William Miller, Henry B. Hart, Abraham Fry, Jr., William WVoodward, James W. Downer, John M. Gibbs, Amzi Eckels... -i........X-X::7 CAPT. JOHN S, McBRIDE, Privates:-William D. Abbott, James Allen, Christian Anderson, Geo. B. Althouse, John Anderson, Hiram H. Blain, Ishmael Baer, William Baer, William Brown, Hiram Beal, Simon Brownewell, Daniel J. Bussard, Henry Blayer, MVichael Brauman, William Bugely, John Boyde, James Behanna, William Barringer, John Barringer, George Barringer, Francis Burgan, Vulkert Brooks, William B. Butler, Benjamin Brubaker, William Bennin"ton, D. C. B. Bitting, Thomas Butchard, Samuel Bowermaster, David F. Barkey, Bernard J. Conner, John Cusworth, Lewis Chester, Ephenetus Craven, WVilliam S. Cooper, Hez.ekiaih D. Cooper, Sylvester Collins, Lafay Culbertson, William Caldwell, Daniel Donag'hy, John M. Ducas, James Dutton, Joseph Demott, William Devlin, Michael Dougherty, John C. Evans, August Enders, Alfred Eckels, Samuel Flowers, William Fundston, John Flowers, Henry Fry, Thomas Fry, Malcomb Ferguson, Edward Fuller, Jacob Fox, James A. Green, Jeremiah Gossert, William P. Gilmer, John Gilmer, Phineas Green, William H. Graham, William Galbraith, John H. Gundy, George W. Gibson, Benjamin F. Hoch, Samuel Heller, James'Hook, Samuel Hendrickson, Daniel Hobaugh, John Hamilton, James P. Hill, John A. Harry, John Hodge, Ludwig Harding, Thomas Jester, Adam S. Johnson, Lewis jester, H. Knabenshur, Lewis Kintz, William Kauffman, Charles King, Wilson Karnes, Henry Kelly, W. C. Lauderbeck, George Lackens, John A. Miller, 182Joseph L. Mohler, David Mentzer, Frederick Moore, Abraham MTorgrett, William S. Mellinger, John J. Morris, John H. Miller, William H. Mortimer, Charles Mliller, John Morland, Henry McCain, Hugh McGreevy, Patrick McGreevy, Jacob Ostrander, Jacob Potts, William H. Pope, Commodore Price, John Parkinson, Wlilliam Phelan, George W. Potts, Thomas Pritchard, John B. Powell, John P. Ritter, George Remley, Patrick Rodan, James Rose, Benjamin Rollison, John Rinard, John WN. Streling, Thomas R. Storer, Thomas A. Schram, Michael Stern, George -I. Stickel, Lewis Starner, William G. Smith, Daniel Stoops, Adam R. Stoler, Franklin Simpson, John A/I. Stewart, William T. Smith, Aaron Sutman, George Swanger, Frederick Schick, John C. Trout, William Wood, Phillip Wilkinson, Joseph Wilson, William W\ilkinson, William Wrallace, John Warren, John Wood, John H. Watson, Michael WAalter, John AVistler, William K. Wise, William Young, John M. Yohe. Iocoth Regiment (Roundheads). Captain, David A. Leckey; James L. -McFeeters, Joseph W. Allen, Jesse C. Taylor, Joseph R. MIcQuaid, Charles Oliver, John C. Dougherty, William Oliver. JAMES McGREW, CAPT. A, B, CAMPBELL. Company E. I4oth Pennsylvania. Officers: Capt. Aaron T. Gregg, Irvin F. Sansom, Jesse T. Power, Thomas A. Stone, James A. Russell, William D. Lank, William A. McMillan, Francis R. Storer, John Barkley, Samuel Potter, Isaiah Collins, William P. McMaster, George B. Kistler, James Shaw, A. G. Beeson, R. G. S. Smith, B. F. O'Bryon, Abraham Moore, Samuel Pritchard, Simon Inks, George Lafferty, Thomas Kelly, Plumer F. Hall, Harvey Rose, James Rankin, Robert Russell, Albert Herron, Charles F. King. Privates: -Jackson Ballsinger, Harvey Ballsinger, Benjamin Behanna, Alexander Boniface, William Ballsinger, George Ballsinger, Franklin Barringer, A. S. Black, Ely Cady, Samuel Cashdollar, James Chunbic, James Colvin, Andrew N. Crawford, William E. Chester, Samuel W. Cady, James Caskey, Thomas Cole, H. C. Diffenderffer, Stephen Daniels, Francis AM. Daniels, John Fell, Zenophon Gamble, Charles Gutter, John Gauley, John S. Hindman, Josiah Holdman, Daniel Handlin, Francis M. Hansel, WVilliam Hirst, James Hurley, Jeremiah Huttenhour, Benjamin Ingles, Nathan T. Inlay, John Johnson, Andrew Johnson, Jesse L. Jones, Williami B. Jobb, Levi Keenan, Christopher Lickle, C. A. Lank, Bart Lancaster, James Lytle, 1S3Calvin B. Malaby, And. M/IcWilliams, Henry McKnight, George McMillan. William Pyle, George W. Pritchard, John W. Pearce, Jesse Pearce, Hugh Patterson, Harry Pierce, Robert G. Roberts, Alden Rose, Robert Rudge, William Reynolds, William R. Roberts, Francis Russell, Sparks C. Roberts, Jesse Stricklin, A. B. Smiley, William H. Stickler, William Turner, Roberts Jesse Stricklin, A. B. Smiley, William H. Stickler, William Turner, John W. Thorpe, Robert Wall, William F. White, Joseph Wilster, George Windhurst, Lowrie Williams, Solomon WVilliams, Joseph J. Woodward. Ringgold Battalion, 22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry, I85th in Line. "Company A." Louis Arthur, Sergeant; John W. Ellwood,'Andrew B. Grant, Thomas H. Reeves, Archibald Hill, Joseph Householder, George V. L. Millinger, John Q. Manning, Lewis Noel, Adam Wlickerham, David' D. Williams, Leman Williams, William White. "Company B.'" Cyrus K. Baxter, Abram Van Voorhis. "Company D." Robert Galbraith, George Keihl, Samuel B. McClean, Benjamin B. Taylor, James S. Wickerham, W. H. H. Wickerham. "Company E", 22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry. Milton W. Michener, Captain; James Y. Chessroun, Felix Boyle, Robert S. H. Keys, James B. Gibson, Clinton Teeple, James E. Rial, Jesse M. Teeple, Thomas Flanigan, David H. Williams, George Robson, John McCracken, John Behanna, Sr., Robert White, James F. Henry, Isaac Loman, Thomas AMcCallister, David S. Behanna, William W. Hess, Peter Stacker, John S. Yohe, Samuel Wright, James Kearney, John Leyda, Enoch J. Newkirk, Vear E. Porter, Christ E. Keochline, Andrew McDonald, Hiram Myers, William White, Aaron Sutman, HEenry Robson, Joseph McClure, John Lutes, George Lutes, Josepih A. Scott. Privates: Andrew Amos, Vincent Amos, Abraham Anderson, John Atcheson, Samuel Atcheson. Francis Allen, James W. Baxter, George W', Bowen, Benjamin F. Bowen, Jacob W. Beck, Alexander Behanna, Samuel Behanna, John Behanna, Samuel Black, John Boyle, Jr., David Byers, James Boyde, Jacob Baker, Richard Burns, Jerome G. Byers, james Craven, Samuel Caldwell, John WV. Craven, Abner J. Craven, John A. Crouch, David Clark, David Craven, John Dolen, W. H. H. Degarmo, Holladie Donaldson, Hiram Degarmo, John Hamilton, Era'n Hendrickson, Edw. I-endrickson, Henry Hillman, Noah Henry, Will Hendrickson, Benjamin F. Helmick, Henry L. Hagerty, Robert Jones, John B. Jordan, Cordemia B. Jordan, Andrew Kemble, James Kerns, John MAl. Kiehl, Benjamin F. Leonard, Henry Lever, Isaac Leyda, Joseph Marker, Marcus Mellinger, Samuel Marker; Robert Molden Jacob AMolden, Willian: Mitchell, Jeremiah Myers, Thomas H. Moffit, Eli Mancha, Eli A. Miller, Samuel A. lMunn, Henry Minks, John S. AManown, Alexander K. McKee, George W. McClain, John S. McDonald, Jam'es H. McCallister, George W. Orbin, Joseph Ostander, Clark Preston, Elymas Petit, John Purcill, Enoch S. Pollock, Marshall Robinson, George W. Robb, Charles Rose, John Stacker, Frederick Surg, John MI. Sutman. Samuel Sullivan, John Snyder, Boyde E. Sumney, James B. Smith, William P. Starr, Thomas W. Teeple, Charles F. Troescher, John C. Thompson, John Trushler, James M. Williams, Peter Young. 184G. A. A. R. TAKEN ON MAY 30th, 1890. At the corner of 2nd and Chess Sts. uo VII2th Pennsylvania Reserves, 4ISt of the Line. George A. Campbell, Samuel Applegate, Jacob Baldwin, Allen Camp-- gth Reserves, 38th of the Line. Andrew P. -MXorrison and Willam Bailey. Io2nd Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Dr. iMA. P. Morrison, James MIcKelvey, John McKelvey, James Mc-- Kelvey. 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers. William H. King, David Allen, Bradford Allen, WVilliam P. Ketchunl, William Fullerton, James H. Lutes, Oliver Gamble, William S. Hindman. Ig93rd Regiment--"ioo-Day" Men. In July, I864, when the Rebel General Early approached Washington City via the Shenandoah Valley, considerable raiding was done in Pennsylvania by small bodies of Confederate cavalry. To prevent this and guard the railroaUs, Governor Curtin issued a call for a number of "One Hundred Day" men. Under this call, the Ig93rd regiment was organized, and in Co. H of this regiment we find from Monongahela City the following enlistmentsMustered in July I9, I864, mustered out November 9, I864, Jesse Gibbs, Joseph Armstrong, Thomas Berringer, Van Hillman, John Hefligh,. George Piles. This regiment was well drilled, and did valuable service ilt the emergency. "MILITIA OF I862." Company G, I8th Pennsylvania. Soon after the second battle of Bull Run, August, I862, it became evident that the commander of the Confederate forces would attempt an invasion of t,he Northern States. Tihe Union Army, under General McClellan, had not at that time shown its ability to successfully cope with the army under General Lee, having been forced from the Peninsula and twice defeated at Manassas. The whole North at once assumed the most feverish state of excitement. On the 4th of September, I862, Governor Curtin issued a proclamation calling on the people to arm and prepare for defense. On the Ioth,. the danger having become imminent, the enemy being already in Maryland,. he issued a general order, calling on all able-bodied men to enroll and hold themselves in readiness to march at an hour's notice. On the IIth, under authority of the President of the United States, the Governor called for fifty thousand men, directing them to report by telegraph for orders. Two thousand men, organized and equipped, reported on the I2th at Harrisburg. In less than one week fifteen thousand men were pushed to Hagerstown and Boonsboro, and ten thousand to Green Castle and Chambersburg. Many_ of these stood in line listening to the rattle of musketry and the roar of artillery while the battle raged at Antietam. Governor Curtin in!his message said, "Twenty-five thousand more were on the way," but the result of the battle was such that their services were not needed. In this emergency and to his call, responded from this town perhaps the most remarkable body of men that enlisted from here during the warremarkable in this, that they represented every calling and walk in life, had large social and financial interests, and that they have largely remained permanent and substantial citizens. 186A company of eighty-two men left here by boat on the morning of September I6th, arrived in Harrisburg on the morning of the 17th, were armed, equipped, assigned to the I8th Regiment, commanded by Colonel L. McClay, marched to the front, participated in one of the most exciting campaigns, and were almost immediate onlookers of one of the bloodiest battles of the war. General M/XcClellan in his writing to Governor Curtin says of the militia: "The manner in which the people of Pennsylvania fhastened to the defense of their frontier had a great influence upon the enemy, and although they did not participate in the battle, the moral support was none the less mighty." Company G turned in their arms and equipments at Harrisburg and returned to Monongahela City, arriving Sunday morning, September 28th, having been absent just twelve days. Captain WNm. J. Alexander has a diary containing a very complete and interesting account of this company, which he commanded. Wve are also indebted to him for the following roll and record of members:..../...... 1JOSEPH WOODWARD, Born Deceluber 4, 1816 in the old Homestead on Pigeon Creek. He followed the carpenter trade most of his life. His death occurred on June 22nd. 1900. WILLIAM WICKERHAM. Born 1800. Died October. 18T9. Was a son of Adam Wickerham, the owner of all the lald (from the Old City Hotel, down to Dry Run, and back on the hill to the old Kearney's place) until 1833. His granldfather and uncle served in the early Indian Wars in Kentucky. His grandfather took part in the Whiskey Insurrection. During the Civil War Mr. Wickerham sent three sons to the front and when the rebels advanced to Antietam, he, himself, sixty years of age, shouldered a musket and went, under Capt. Winm. J. Alexander, to the front. In his early life he served as a member of the Jackson Guards under Capt. Sam Morgan. William J. Alexander, Captain; Irvin C. Stump, Ist Lieutenant; Winm. H. Wilson, 2nd Lieutenant; Benjamin, G. Dickey, Reese Boyd, Richard C. King, Wm. T. Campbell, Oliver C. House, Dr. George A. Linn, John K. Long, William Rabe, Samuel Hughes, A. V. Graham, Reuben J. Sutton, James Blythe, Samuel Applegate, Franklin M. Steep, Sheshbazzer Bentley, Sheshbazzer Bentley, Jr., J. H. Barkett, John Blythe, James Clemens, John Clemens, Jr., Moses Colvin, Dewitt C. Collins, Thomas Collins, Jr., Frederick Cooper, Edward Corrin, Joseph Davey, Samuel Devore, Madison David187son, Thomas J. Frye, J. Barclay Finley, Joel T. Ferree, Robert Figley, John L. Gee, Henry Gibson, James T. Gibbs, Noah Grant, Samuel C. Hill, John C. Houston, Westley W. Hess, D. Ralston Hamilton, John Henning, Jackson Jones, Dr. Ephraim L. King, James Kearney, Shesh B. Kennedy, James Kennedy, David Kennedy, George V. Lawrence, T. J. Stockton McCurdy, George V. L. Mellinger, James McGrew, Benjamin P. Phillips, T. H. Baird Patterson, Hiram Rabe, Joseph C. Robinson, John Shannon, Thomas Storer, Jr., Charles W. Scott, William Stockdale, Joseph H. Scott, Alexander Mason Smith, Thomas AMartin Scott, Josiah Taylor, Ulysses R. Teeple, R. Daniel Teeters, J. C. Totten, L. R. Valentine, Clinton VanVoorhis, William Wickerham, S. Clark Wilson, Robert Williams, William P. Wilson, David W. Wiiliams, AVilliam AVall, David D. Yohe, Isaac Yohe, Isaac Yohe, Jr., John Patterson, John C. Brown. 6th Heavy Artillery, 21I2th of the Line. James WA. Downer, Wim. WToodward, William Blythe...e...,PiVitv'. ROBERT I, 0ROBINSON. LEVI R, GAMPBELL, Was born in Monongahela in 1846 and while a young boy learned the shoe-maker trade. When the Civil War brioke out, while yet a lad of 18, he enlisted in Co. E. 119th Pa. Vol. and served 3 years. After his return from the war he opened a shoe store, which business he conducted until his death. He seivedl many times in council and was twvice the president. He died Mlarch 9, 1904. 188I~~ i~ili!i~....!~i!~i~!....~!iii~i~i~!i! ~..... iiiii~i~.......... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....... OCi ~ii~iii ~ ~iii.....iiiiii i iii~0ii~1 i....... R. MONONGAHELA LIGIHTS GUARDS. Camp S. Hartranft, Latrobe, Sept. 8, 1875. J. D,. V. H-azzard, Cap~t.; John F, Bowman, lst Lieut.; Geo. Fi, Greg-g. 2nel Lieiut,..........................................I n.....................11'1; 1872 1908 --g-- l---..... ESTABLISHED 1812 ZS i 5t':::::::A. Afl::::::::.':::: l.'.'.' "'. "'.'...............,................... M...'.'.....,....'' "''""' " "'"'''"' S..,,.'..'.'..'..'..'.'.............."'".."''.."''........:FEeliiiil' l 1 ill;d0Ntiu n B anh'.'.'.'..'.'..'Aiiiiiii~Bi.'...............,:....''':#'i'..i'.... /:000'0''.j....,..........._ E EEE EE - X;AAa.g..............................:, _ 0............. - S ii i- 299 vB vM A IN A ND F OU R TH S TS. Agent for the DEMEREST SEWING MACHINE $19.50:E wish one and all to have a good and happy time during o u r "Old Home Week" and when you are in need of good C LOT H- I MIN SG A. B. COWAN'S IS TH-E PLACE 3I5 MAIN STREETA SHORT SKETCH OF THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS OF MONONGAHELA. By Capt, J, D, V. Hazzard. The first military organization which I can remember well was the Monongahela Artillery. It could get but one piece of artillery and so was mustered as infantry but paraded with the gun. This company joined the I2th Pennsylvania Volunteers under Captain R. F. Cooper. After three months service in the war, Captain Cooper went into the regular army and the company joined the 79th Pennsylvania as Company "D", First Lieutenant John S. McBride becoming captain. This organization was kept up until the close of the war. About three years after the war the Light Guards were organized and became Company "A", Ioth Pennsylvania'National Guard. Captain J. DeV. Hazzard was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment just before the railroad riot when an order came from Harrisburg to organize a regiment in the State to be of ten companies and recruited from the regiment. Company "A" was selected and became Company "A", First Pennsylvania Volunteers and served t.hree months. Captain Hazzard remained with the company, resigning the Lieutenant Colonelcy, General Hartranft promising to not appoint any field officers for this First regiment save the Colonel, and he kept his promise. This was the time we lost the name of Light Guards, and Company "A" of the ioth kept on to this day, and although many miles from it I have kept a tag on it and am glad to know of its good standing. CO. A, ioth PA. VOL. INFANTRY. ByE Dr. Porter M., Wall, Pursuant to orders issued by the Governor of Pennsylvania, Co. A, ioth Infantry, N. G. P., left M'onongahela City on the evening of April 27, I898, bound for M't. Gretna, where the National Guard of Pennsylvania, were being mobilized. On the IIth day of Miay following the members of the Company, as well as the other organizations of the Tenth Regiment, were mustered into the service of the United States, to serve during the Spanish-American war. The Regiment remained in camp until the I8th day of May, when orders were received by Col. Hawkins to proceed to San Francisco with his command, there to embark on transports for Manila, Philippine Islands. The next morning found the regiment in P'ittsburgh, where hundreds of our fellow townsmen.as well as citizens from every town represented in the regiment, met us to bid ds farewell and God speed on our long journey to the far east. We arrived in San Francisco on the 25th of May, and went into quarters at Camp Merritt. June I4th the regiment, after being equipped according to UJ. S. regulations, embarked on the transport Zealandia, the expedition being under command of Brig. Gen. Francis Greene. On the way to the Philippines we stopped two days at Honolulu, and on the I7th of July arrived in Manila 190I-' COMPANY A, 10th REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS, On their ret,nrn from the Philllipines August. 1899. (Picture taken in San Francisco, Cal.)Bay. On the 2ISt we went into qtuarters at Camp Dewey, six miles fromv Manila. The interval betwleen July 2i -and July 3Ist was devoted to building in-- trenchments. A iiew line of intrenchment was made out shortly after the arrival of the Tenth Regiment, and this line was sufficiently finished on July 3Ist to furnish excellent protection to the troops. On the 3rst of Jutily the Tenth Regiment was detailed for outpost duty, the term being twenty-four hours. During the day there was no movement or firig -...o.f any account from the, enemy or our forces, our troops being engaged.in strengthening their position. About I I p. mi. the Spaniards opened a heavy'fire of shell from four pieces, of artillery, which continued for'half an hour, but caused no material damage to our works, nor casualties to our troops. The "Spaniards continued advancing' with a heavy line of infantry, firing by squads, until within about four hundred vards.of our line, when halting. Th.ey delivered.nmany'volleys from'their entire line, contilnuing three hours. During tliis engagement, which lasted until 3::00 o'clock in the morning,. Co. A was stationed on the left of the line, with'the Second Battalion o.'f the:'regiment, under command of Major Bierer, and with the other members of the command, firmly held their position all through the fight. During this action Private Ar'thur Johnson and Corporal Harvey'Funk-- houser were severely wounded. The:'former was later discharged on account of disability.' With the regiment Co. A.'continued on outpost duty until the fall of' Manila, on the I 3th of August. On the i:~.st day of December, I898, Co. A was ordered to Correg-idor Island, where, in conjunction with Co. B, the battalion being under commland of' M\Siaj. Cuthbertson, guard duty was performed at the convalescent hospital. On the:14th of M;ay I899 Co. A, as well as Co. B, returned to Cavite,. having'been relieved from duty on the island. With the other members of theregiment the Company did scouting duty until the 28th of June. On June 22nd, 1899, orders were issued for the regiment to embark on the transport Senator for the United S'tates, to be mustered out. The departure,. however, was delayed until the 29th and 3oth. On'the Ist of July, I899, the regiment sailed for San Francisco, California. The voyage home was through a part of Japan, stopping five days at Nagaska; touching next at Yokohama, where shore le'ave was given members of the regiment. Col. Alexander Hawkins, commanding the regiment, died on board thetransport "Senator," at sea on the S8th of July. F'rom that time until the end of the voyage the ship's flag was carried at half mast, a mute signaJl.;that conveyed to the waiting populace in the Bay of,San Francisco the bereavement the regiment'had undergone in the death o'f'its beloved commanding officer. The regiment disembarked AugUst 3d, and went'immediately into camp at the Presidio,'where it was mustered'out'f service on the 22d of the month, after a service.Q,f sixteen months,'most of which had been spent in the far-off. Philippines. On the 22d a special train o'f three sections carried the Regiment'back to PennsVlvania, the first welcome of the.Keystone State being extended at New Brighton. In the afternoon the regiment reached Pittsburgh, where a royal welcome. was accorded to the command, President McKinley being present to grace the.: occasion, and delivering on.e of the noted addresses of his administration on. that occasion. 192COL. ALEXANDER HAWKINS After the reception at Schenley Pa:-k the members of the different companies left for their respective homes. Co. A, arrived at Twelfth street at 2:30 o'clock in the morning, and were enthusiastically received by the population of the entire town. It was a royal "'home coming" to the boys, and one they will never forget. Following is roster of Co. A. Capt. Gustave Schaaf Ist Lieut. Robert Tidball 2nd Liett. John A. Ewing Ist Sergt. Gustave D. Schaaf Q. M. Sergt. Jonas Gee Sergt. Charles P. Keller Sergt. Wiley AMcConnel Sergt. Win. H. Cundall Corpl. Harry Teeple Cook Chas. E. Lou Corpl. Wm. TMcGregor Corpl. Joseph Kennedy Corpl. Sherman Ingram Corpl. 4Moses Robin Sm!ith Corpl. Oliver Gee Corpl. Porter Wall Corpl.!Stecphen Frye Corpl. Frank E. Yolie, Jr. lItsician Geo. H. iMAackey [is 193PRIVATES. Edward L. Adams Geo. Anderson Emery V. Baldwiin Robert Barret Andrew Baxter J. Lexington Bell Samuel Binner John Boyd John Brown John Byers Chas. Campbell Wim. Collins Daniel Craig Frederick E. Craft Alexander W. Darragh MIeikel Dessing Frank Devinney Rtussel DeWalt Colvin H. Dills Frank Downer Chas. Downer Geo. W. Downs Frederick Enos Alvin W. Fass Grant F. Fasnacht Duncan Ferguson Wade Ford Blanchard H. Forsytlihe Ernest A. Foster Herman B. Furlong John E. Greene Samuel M. Gibson Bert Harris Chas. Heasley WVm. Herron Harry Holland Jos. A. Hoffman Wini. Hughes Wim. Hutnter Robert Jolliffe Mortimer Jones Alexander P. Kirkpatrick Frank Kundle Wni. M. Long Jos.?Miller Jas. A. Melville Wim. H. McCain Robt. H. M'\;cKinnis Jos. Norris,Carl Paxton Harry H. Peterson Jos. Phillips Harry Powers Wim.'Pritchard Chas. Pritchard; mn. Ray Dick Reed Chas. C. Renouf Peter Reiter Francis Roberts Henry Roush Theo. Schroer Wilber S. Shepler John Stager Jos. A. Sutmney Chas. Sutman Edwin Tombaugh John Uhlman im.. J. VanVoorhis Jesse J. B. Wall Chas. Wolf John'Warren CO. A. VOLUNTEERS. Sergt. John Daniels Privates Harry G. Bagnell Harry Heckathorn Alexander Coulter Robt. I. Panwart DISCHARGED. Sergt. Harry Palmer Sergt. Harry Landefeld Corpl. Harry Funkhouser Private Arthur Johnson Private Harry MI. Brewer Private Geo. A. Rowe Private David D. AMoniger Private Chas. Woodward Private John Miller Private David Kick Private Frank Wall James Stockto,n Keys enlisted with Co. H. and served until the ioth was mustered out. 194COL, HAWKINS MEMORIAL ARCH, Built for the Receptiou of Company A, Aug. 30, 1899 on their return from the Pilitihille Island(s. COXEY'S ARMY GOING UP PIGEON CREEK, MCNONGAHELA, PA,, IN THE FALL OF 1894, 195MISS LIZZIE LOCKHART, A REAL DAUGHTER OF I8I2. Elizabeth Porter Lockhart is perhaps the only living daughter in Monongahela of a Soldier of 1812. She was born in I834 and has been identified with our town all her life, a most useful and respected citizen. Her father William Lockhart, enlisted in Chester Co., Penn., and entered the army at 19 years of age, fought two years and then entered the state militia as first lieutenant and was mustered out as Colonel. His widow Mary Porter Lockhart received as pension I6o acres of land near where the city of Columbus now stands. Miss Lockhart was a teacher in the Public School and declined to run for school director. She is a faithful and constant member of the Presbyterian Church, was a Sunday School teacher as long as her health permitted, and was Treasurer of our Foreign M!issionary Society for twenty-five years and only resigned when sight failed her. Sihe has been totally blind for I2 years, and her resignation as Treasurer of the society was accepted only, on account of failing sight. Miss Lockhart is a woman of great firmness and courage, she does not murmur or complain of her great affliction. She attends church when able and is interested in church and missions. Miss Lockhart comes of good old stock, her mother Mary Porter Lockhart was a Godly woman, the morninz and evening family worship was never omitted in her home. The Porter sisters, -Mrs. Mlorrison, Mrs. Morton, Mrs. Patton, and'Mrs. Lockhart, were all identified with the earlier history of our town; they were gentle women of the old school of which we find so few now; they bel;eved it better to be nobly great than nobly born. Their bodies all lie in our beautiful cemetery on the hill, awaiting the resurrection of the just. Tames William Lockhart, only brother of Miiss Lockhart, died many years ago. Hewas an upright and useful citizen, was in a fair way to be one of the wealthy men of our town. He was a trusted employee of Alexanders Bank for many years. At the time he was stricken by death was interested in putting up our telegraph lines and laid out the lower part of our town in lots. 196NAMES OF DAUGHTERS RESIDING IN MONONGAHELA, WHOSE FATHERS SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR. Mrs. Alvin iSloan, Mrs. C. C. Stange, MIrs. Elizabeth Beck, Mrs. Ida Kiddie HD'oney, Mrs. Mary Davidson, Mrs. Idesta D'ollman, Miss Lida G. Gregg, Mrs. Benjamin Ross, M"iss Millie Bentley, Mrs. James Corrin, Miss Jennie Hammond,,Mrs. Wilhelm Alten, -Miss Mary Hammond, Miss Pearl Ross, Miss Lillie Ross, Mrs. Alice Patterson, Rosella Williams, Adele Williams, Mrs. Thomas Buchanan, Mrs. Theodore Byers, M'rs. Rutsh Palmer, Mrs. John Stummerville, Mrs. Bert Boyles,,Mrs. Agnes Myers, Mrs. Lydia Luker, Mrs. Margaret Watson, Mrs. David E. Davis, M!iss Lillian Stutman, Mrs. Hallie Swaney, M!rs. iGustave Lorber, Mrs.,Sam P. Yohe, Miss Anna Nichols, Mrs. T. A. Hamilton, Lucile Irene Ray, Harriet H. Hazzard,,Mrs. Charles Yohe, Mrs. Everet Sleppy, Mrs. Joseph Yohe, Mrs. William Alexander, Mrs. John Jenkins, Miss Eliza Wilson, Miss M\laude Nrorman, M!iss Mary Norman, Mrs. George Field, Mrs. Edward Yohe, Miss Gladys DeWalt, M'rs. Albert Bryan, I I daughter of Isaac W. Patterson, Ohio. daughter of David Landis, Penna. daughter of William P. Wilson, Penna. daughter of David Doney, Penna. daughter of,William Bennington, Penna. daughters of Aaron Gregg, Penna. daughters of Samuel B. Bentley, Penna. daughter of Adam Wickerham, Penna. daughters of John Hammond, Penna. daughters of Emmett Ross, Penna. daughter of Hiugh Flannigan, Penna. daughters of David Williams, Penna. daughlteir of James Blythe, Penna. daughters of J. MI. Cline, Penna. daughters of William Boyd, Penna. daughters of George Bayha, Penna. daughter of William MA. Boggs, Penna. daughter of John M.,Sutman, Penna. daughter of George A. Linn, Penna. daughter of Ruffner, Penna. daughter of Joseph Kennedy, Penna. daughter of Esek Nichols, Ohio. daughter of IDaniel Shaner, Penna. daughter of John Ray, Penna. daughter of!Chillion W. Hazzard, Penna. dauehter of Joseph E. Robinson, Penna. $daughters of Clark Wilson, Penna. I daughters of William H. Wilson, Peni - daughters of John P. Norman, Penna. I daughters of William DeWalt, Penna. daughter of James DeWalt, Penna. 197 na.Miss AMary Bryan, Miss Jessie Bryan,'IMrs. Oliver Gee, Mrs. Joseph Rinehart, IMrs. Jolhn Smith, Miss Mary Gibson, Mrs. Thomas Thornley, Mliss Eva Sullivan, Mrs. Gussie Stewart, } daughters of Josepli A. Bryan, Penna. daughter of Washington Boyd, Penna. daughters of George W. Gibson, Penna. daughters of Samuel Sullivan, Penna. daughter of Sam Borland, Penna. ADAM AUGHENDOBLER Was born Aug. 14, 1823 in Bavaria, Germiany. His mother dying when he was quite young he went to live with his uncle and while there learned the weaver's trade. In 1852 he embarked for America and after a voyage of 7 weeks landed at Baltimore, Mld. He came to Washington County and worked on a farm for Mlaj. iMellinger, also James Stockdale and in 1865 came to Monongahela. Shortly afterl coming to Monongahela he was engaged as superintendent of the cemetery where he served until a short time before his death. 198THE MONONGAHELA CEMETERY. At a meeting of the citizens of Monongahela and vicinity held at the public house of Caleb Harvey, on Friday, the 3rd day of April, A. D. I863, for the purpose of purchasing ground and locating a public cemetery, T. R. Hazzard was called to the chair and Joseph Wilson was secretary. On motion it was resolved that the following officers be appointed until the company was orgoanized. James AVilliams, President; Joseph WVilson, Secretary; William J. Alexander, Treasurer; for managers T. R. Hazzard, Richard C. King, A. C. Sampson, Richard Stockdale and Joseph AVarne. On motion it was resolved that T. R. Hazzard, Joseph Wilson, Chas. Beach, and Cyrus tUnderwood be appointed a committee to "procure a Charter for said association from the court, if it can be done by the Court exempting the ground for the cemetery from taxation." On April Ioth, another meeting was held "at the public house of Caleb Harvey" and the managers reported that they went upon a tract of land in Carroll Township, owned by William M\/cClure and partly staked off sixteen acres which at $50.oo per acre would be $800.00oo. Mr. McClure then offered the whole tract of thirty-two acres for $I,o40, providing the association would give him a burying lot and a small fragment cut off from the rest of the road, which is about an acre. The managers at once thought it best to purchase the whole, as it would cost but $240.00 more than they wvere to pay for -a little over the -half and agreed with Mr. McClure to that effect. The managers further reinort that there is subscribed to the stock of the association $85o.oo and by the agreement of the managers the whole amount is due to Winm. McClure to-day and that immediate arrancgements should be made to meet the payment. On behalf of the managers. T. R. HAZZARD, Chairman." This was evidently agreed to, although it does not appear in the minutes, and James Williams was "appointed" to have all the locust trees on the premises cut down into posts in 7'2 feet lengths for the fence. At the meeting on MAay I5th, I863, it was resolved that the square in the middle of the field be named "Fountain Square" and the circle on the brow of the hill be named "Prospect Circle" and John Nelson was appointed superintendent of the cemetery at a salary of $300.co, per year and the rates for digging graves was for "a grown person, $2..50, for a middle size person, $2.00 and for children, $I.5o." Adam Aughendoubler became superintendent July Ioth, I865 at a salary of $350.00, per annum, which position he continued to hold until his death in I895. In I894 the beautiful mortuary chapel was erected with Yohe Bros. as the contractors and Frank P. Keller as architect. This building is mrost advantageous having hermetically sealed vaults for deposits of bodies when death has come suddenly in the community and burial can not be made or for the repose of bodies from a distance. In the side of this building is a memorial to William Alexander, for his untiring efforts in behalf of the cemetery. Some years ago thec_e was also erected the imposing, soldiers section surrounded by the stone redoubt upon which is mounted cannons and the paraphernalia of war ereJted by Starkweather Post, No. 6o, G. A. R. Fountains and beautiful walks and other improvements are constantly being added to this city of God. The present officers and board of lianagers are Joseph A. Herron, President; M)orton Black, Treasurer; T. S. McCurdy, Secretary, and Joseph A. Herron, Morton Black, Isaac Yohe, B. F. Bentley, AM. H. Borland, Frank Bebout, and T. S. McCurdy are the present board of managers. 199quotulavdacE 2ui1s!uana pu-e 2UTuoITe 19 hjI ZTf-ll 06a ufaagp -flp~J An aiwm n QJBlUrihLQ u4j 4SAO69 QNV S4N3VW ~211 Amenl m t I i i i IIAm rORWOI1EN W. B. WHITE J. CRAWFORD WHEN IN NEED OF rafttlng Ltumbing g,SaEm anb jot WatPr SEE THE AGENTS FOR THE The New COFFIELD POWER WASHER OLD RELIABLE FIRM OF 1IiIitt XJrauWfrji STILL AT THE OLD STAND 424 ~Rlain Ft. WHERE WE HAVE BEEN FOR 16 YEARS N SHS O O S I S ALL STYLES M lEN--~WOME2N-- CHILDREN PETERSON'S 239 MAIN ST. J r -I,,, --3 --------- I,II I- -I-- u ---- II I _-- I-- _ I - I I I, I ~ ~ I I - I I ml,SRT,DIERS LOT, MONONGAHELA CEMETERY. MONONGAHELA CEMETERY. 200THE FIRST BOROUGH OFFICERS OF WILLIAMSPORT WERE: Henry WVilson, Burgess. Abram Fulton, Clerk. Joseph Alexander, Treasurer. Benjamin Foster, Street Commissioner. Councilmen: John S. IMarkell, John Stone, Joseph Kiddoo, Alexander Wilson, Winm. J. Alexander, and R. 1\. Clark. JOHN HOLLAND. First MIayor of Monongahela. BENJAMIN FOSTER, Was born in England, Oct. 2nd, 1803. In 1816 he was apprenticed to learn the trade of linen weaver. At the age of eighteen trouble began between the master and apprentice and he left his native land and after several years at the Isle of Maan, finally sailed for New York. He came to Pittsburg where he stayed for several years and finally coming to Mlonongahela in 1841, rented the old Parkinson Inn and followed his trade as linen weaver, using the bar room for his shop. On'the opposite side of the street William MIellinger engaged in his' trade as cover lid weaver, in the house now ownned by the Bentley estate. Mr. Foster was the first street commissioner of this city being elected in 1832, afterwards served as constable anld in company witll Alexander Wilson bnilt a number of coke ovens at Mingo Creek. He died'March 24, 1872. 201THOMAS HARLAN BAIRD. Thomas Harlan Baird, soin of Judge Thomas Bahi-d and Nancy MIcCullough Baird, was born at Washingtoil, Pa., December 17th. 1824. Hle was e(lucated at Washington Col:ege; admitted to the tar in 1846; was in the Intelrior Departnment at Washington, I). C. frcm 1850 to 180t; practiced law in Pittsburggh from 1860 to 1864; went to MIonongahela City in 1868 to reside and practice law; reimaining there until his death. July 7th. 1899. He married AMaria Louise King, daughter of Dr. Samuel alfafet and Maria Black King, on December 4th, 1849. Mir. Bairl served the County as District Attorney for a term of three years, and during h;s professional life he collected ole of the best and largest legal private libraries in the Coulnty, his reading being ext,ensive and thorlough. He was always prollinenlt in political an(l legal ci:rcles and his cl'entage extended over Washington and adjacent Counties, and his acquaintance througlhout the State. Following is the list of men that served as Burgess for the borough of Williamsport: I8,5I-- Heliry Wilson. I858-- James Shepler. I853-Gilfillin. I859-Shesh Bentley. I854--Moses Scott. I86o-T. R. Hazzard. I855-Alexander Scott. I86- E. W. Tower. I856-H. D. Cooper. I862-Shesh Bentley. I857--Wm. Brown. I863-R. F. Cooper. 202I864 -Johnson Elrod. I868-Joseph Taylor. I865-T. R. Hazzard. I869-- John Holland. I866-John Clemens. I87- " I867- " i87i-T. R. Hazzard. I872-Jolhn Holland. W,. J, MARKELL,. Boirn 1824. Die(l Dec. 3, 1892. Ca'me to this town in 1830. Served 5 years as a clerk, then -went into the glass bnsiness leaving that for the river where he remained for 10 years. -_x7.0i_ gi- At one time he owned the Hartford and Endeavor, both steam boats. Was postmaster from 1857 to 1860. He then went into the tobacco business, later in partnership with Elijah Harrtson in the distilling business and at his death was running the brewery on Pigeon Creek. Served in council an'i several years chairman Democratic County Committee. Was a member of.1~~iis the first council. OUR FIRST CITY OFFICERS: Mayor-Jo,hn Holland. Treasurer-John Shanton. Clerk T. H. Baird. Street Commissioners- Geo. Barringer, John Leyden, Abram Teeters. City Engineer John tSi. Wall. Wharf M\aster D. C. Shaw. Councilmen-A. T. Gregg, Thos. Wilson, NVIm. Corrin, Wim. P. Ketchum, P. A.,Foster, M. Saunders, Isaac Hodge, Wm. H. Barr, W. J. Markell, John Teeters, John A. Ford, Wmin. Coulter. WILLIAM CORRIN, William Corrin was born November 15tb, 1814, in the Isle of Man, England. He came to Monongahela in 1849 and was a prominent Contracto? and Builder until his death in October, 1883. He was a irember of the first select Council of Monongahela and served in that cap~ip'y for a nember of terms. JAMES P. SHEPLER. Born Apr. 21, 1822. Died Sept. 18, 1891. Was a blacksmith by trade later taking up the selling of stoves. In 1852 he went to California by the overland route, returining to Monongahela in the same year he purchased the "Hempfield House" and conducted the same until 1883. He at one time dealt largely in sheep and was also I_ interested in the oil business. He served in council and as a school dlirector. K. 203JOHN MARKELL, Died Nov. 1S, 1891 in his 67th year. Hie was born in Allegheny City, 1825 and his start in life was that of brick moulder, which business he followed until 1861 when he entered the coal business. In his latter days he operated the Barr Docks used for boat building and repairing and was well knowni among the steamboatmen and coal operators. DIFFERENT MAYORS OF MONONGAHELA: I874--John Holland. 1875- " I876-John M. Davis. -I877-T. H. Williams. I878-John Holland. I879- " I8J8o--John M. Davis. I88I-John Holland.. I882-Benjamin F. Bentley. I883-Richard King. I884---J. M. Grable. I885-J. ~M. Grable. I886--Chas. H. Hoffman. I887-,, I8.88-John Holland. I889-J. M. Grable. I89go-Chas. E. Radcliffe. I 9gi8-WWm. I89I-John Holland. I892-S H. H. Houston. I893-J. F. Nicholson. I894-J. F. Nichlolson. I895-C. Carson. I896--S. C. Wilson. I897-S. C. Wilson. I898-Geo. R. Wilson. I899-W. C. Rohbison. 190-- Jos. A. Bryan. I90oI-J. C. Neil. I9o02-H. K. Bentley. I9o3-- H. K. Bentley. I904I905-H. T. Billick. 19o6--R. L. Elwood. I9o7-- " Blankenbuehler. The present mayor is William J. Blankenbuehler and the councilmen are as follows: Select--William Isaac, John Smith, First ward; Theo. Landefeld, F. E. Yohe, Jr., Second ward; F. R. Colvin, WV. P. Stephens, Third ward. Common John Brawdy, Joseph Mentzer, First ward; W. A. Caldwell, H. K. Bentley, Second ward; H. B. N. Louttit, Matthew O'Conner, Third ward. The city officers are; city solicitor, Carl E. Gibson. Esq.; city clerk, P,. L. Ross; city treasurer, John B. O'iEhr-l; health and ordinance officer, S. C. Wilson; street commissioner, John C. Hiscox; city engineer, C. C. Hanlon; atditors, Henrv Keil, Hiram Davis and Roy Stevenson. 204 JOHN TEETERS,JOHN M, GRABLE. Was born in Fallowfield township, Jan.'2nd. 1846. He received his education in the district school and shortly after he became of age, established a grocery store in Beltleyville, which business he conducted until he moved to this city. He entered the real estate and insurance business here remaining in it till his death in March, 1902. Mr. Grable was twice elected mayor, served as chief of the fire department, was interested in the Monongahela WVater Works, Bellewood Gas Co. and many other local industries. He Nwas a great worker for munici:al improvements. JOHN B, O'EHRL, City Treasurer. JOHN L, THIRKIELD. B, L, ROSS, City Clerk. DAN TEETERS, R. H, COWAN. 205CARL E. GIBSON, ESQ, City Solicitor. HON, J. B, FINLEY. 206THE MONONGAHELA RIVER. By Lloyd Edward Flint, The \lonongahela river is one of the great commercial arteries of the United States. Along its shores mills, mines and factories furnish a tonnage equalled in no other territory in the world. The great bulk of this freight is bituminous coal, the hills on either side of the river its entire length being underlaid with the famous Pittsburg vein of gas and steam coal, while at a lower depth, and which some day will come upon the market, the Freeport vein lies dormant and ready to be placed before the consumer. The mining of coal by the drift system has been in vogue along the Monongahela valley for many years, operations beginning near Pittsburgh, and conducted with such persistence that the supply in that vicinity and in close proximity to the river is practically exhausted. As we proceed up the river the unmined deposits become greater in extent, at some points the virgin coal even yet awaiting the miner and his machine. For years the great industry of the valley was coal mining, but gradually as the manufacturer realized the importance of being near his supply of.steam coal, mills. began to be erected, which brought a diversified industry to the valley, until today mills and furnaces of almost every description supplement the immense tonnage of coal that is annually produced from the wealth laden hills. CALEB HARVEY, WVas the proprietor of the City Hotel for many years and captain of 1 I the first keel beat on the Monongahela River. The Monongahela river is I28.5 miles in length. It is formed by the junction of the Tygarts Valley and W\Viest Fork rivers in West Virginia, and flows in a northerly direction, through one of the most beautiful valleys in the world, to Pittsburgh, where it unites with the Allegheny, the two rivers forming the Ohio, which flows in a south-westerly direction and empties into the Mississippi at Cairo, At its source the.lionongahela is 420 feet in width, gradually:assuming larger proportions as it flows on its way, reaching 550 feet in width at the Cheat river junction, reaching 750 feet in width at a point further north, and reaching its maximum at McKeesport, 9oo feet, where the Youghiogheny contributes its quota of water from the hills of the Blue Ridge range of mountains. The Mionongahela drains an area of 7391 square m;les of territory, this being its water shed, and which contributes the water to bring on the periodical 207freshets during the fall, winter and spring months, and which are harbingers of prosperity to the coal mining industry of this great valley. The length of the river, via the Tygarts Valley, is 235 miles, and by the Cheat river 240 miles. Its source on the Cheat river is exactly two degrees south of Pittsburg. The slope of the M,onongahela for nearly 70 miles above Pittsburgh is not more than 8X2 in. per mile. The Monongahela, in its go miles within the limits of Pennsylvania, has no islands or bars dividing its channel. On the whole the river is easy for navigation, having ample width for steamboats w:t' fleets of barges to pass each other with large margins for safety, the river av-eraging a somewhat greater width than in I883. This widening of the stream is without doubt due to the wave action of steamers undermiining the clay banks, causing Lhem to cave in. In the lower reaches of the river the caving of the banks has practically ceased, many miles of the shore being now prevented from further erosion by the almost vertical walls of slag or other protection. The Monongahela river was improved by the old Monongahela Navigation Company, which built the first four dams, I, 2, 3, and 4, completing the work in 1844. The first survey was made in 1833 by the United States engineers between Pittsburgh and Brownsville, which proposed dams of 4 feet lift, so as to impose as little restriction as possible to the movement of rafts, the raftsmen RAPHAEL COULTER, Ra:phael Conlter was born in WVilliams)ort, Sect. 13th, 1813. He ]earned the tailors trade bnt afterwards started on the river. He ran the first keel boat from Pittsburg to Brownsville, Caleb Harvey being the captain. -Te worked on the first steamboat that came up the Monongahela, the Moxey Haley, later helping to build locks Nos. One, Two, and Three, 0 an the ferry for James Manown, worked oni the piers of the old wooden bri(dge and ran boats on the MIississippi for a number of years. He died Aug. 22nd., 189. at that time being particularly hostile to any improvements. The first survey was made by the Navigation company in I838, and began its wDrk of construction in I839. Western Pennsylvania was little better than a wilderness. The navigation company succeeded only with the greatest difficulty in having the State permit the lift at the dams to beJmade 8 feet. Brownsville being at the river crossing of the great national road, with stage coaches and freight wagons in a never ending stream passing westward, her citizens looked upon the improvement as promising to establish her at the head of navigation, and it is said that some merchants of Pittsburgh actually sold their properties and moved their business to "the coming metropolis of the Ohio valley". Locks and dams i and 2 were put in o?aeration in 1841I Ncs. x and a, which extended the system to Prownsville, were completed in I844. The engineer and chief contractor was Glen. J.. M\oorheacl, who had conciderable experience in State work on canal and river improvements, and was soon called upon to accept the presidency of the company. Before these improvements were made the Mionongahela had b-een navigated by light draft boats, the old-time keel boat beina one of the fic-t to bh utilized by the settlers in this valley. Long, low and rakish in build, they carried the commerce of the valley until the dawn of the new day which brought 208more modern methods into, use for the conveyance of tonlnage up and down the river. As a writer has said, "Like the galleys of the Adriatic, the galleons of the Spanish Main, or the Baltimore clippers of America, they will live in the. commerce they fostered." The State of Pennsylvania, by enactment, in IZ82, declared the iMonongahela and Youghiogheny rivers public highways as far up as they were navigable for canoes within the bounds of the Commonwealth. In I814 the legislature authorized the appointment of a commission of three men, one of whom should be an engineer, to examine the different ripples in the river, their distance apart, and estimate the cost of constructing dams. This survey was 1iot made as contemplated, and on the I5th of MIarch, I815, another act, revivino th'at of I8I4 for three years, was added. An examination of the river was made, but nothing resulted in the line of improvement by the State. In 1817 another act was passed, authorizing the Governor to incorporate a company to construct a lock navigation of the river. This act appointed twelve men from Washington county and seven from Allegheny county, to open subscription books for stock, which was to be $78,oo00, in 2600 shares of $30 each. As soon as 5oo shares were subscribed for the Governor was authorized to issue the charter. The conditions of the act were never complied with and forfeiture of the franchise resulted in 1817. CAPT. ROBERT PHILLIPS. Was born MIar. 31, 1817. Le came to Monongahela at the age of ten and at the age of 15 started to work on the river. In 1866 he became captain and had a record of 50 years continuous service. The Exchange was the first boat on which he madd a trip. In his early days he attended the old log school house which stood on the hill above the late Josiah r............ J; Blythe's place. With the expiration of this franchise another Act of Assembly placed the improvement of the river in the hands of the State, and appointed three com-- missioners, with power to remove all obstructions which impeded or injured navigation;;to employ suitable persons to perform such work, and $io,ooo of the money previously subscribed by the State was to be used for this purpose. After all these discouraging failures the. river was finally improved by the Monongahela Navigation' Company, which was chartered by an Act of Assembly of I836, with an authorized capital of $3oo,o0o. Then began the actual development of the Monongahela Valley, which has continued with uninterrupted progress from that day until the present time. The construction of locks and dams Nos. 5 and 6 followed in later years, the legislature by enactment in 1854 making it incumbent upon the company to put them under contract. Lock No. 7 was not to be completed until the U. S. government had commenced wori-k on the upper part of the river. Locks and dams 8 to I4 inclusive were built by the general government, thus giving the river a navigable stage to Fairmont, West Virginia, to which points packets can now run during the entire year, except during freshets and freeze-ups. Steamboat navigation began on the Monongahela river in I814, when the Enterprise, which was built at Brownsville, left that place under command 209Welcome, Old Home Comers, to Our City. AVe extend anl invitation to all to visit our store where we will take great pleasure in showing you the best line of Hardware and Paints in tile city. H, C, DeVore, Corner Second and Main Streets Monongahela, Pa, Bell Phone 100 J. H. BOYER G roeerIes of all lirds Io7 FOU RTH STREET mof Capt. Henry M. Shreve and passed down the M,ionongahela, Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This was the first boat to make the trip to the Crescent City and return. Since that day the development of navigation on the three rivers had assumed mammoth proportions, as is shown by the reports of the United States Engineer's office at Pittsburgh, alnd in other cities along these great valleys. According to the figures submitted by Major Newcomer, engineer in charge at Pittsburgh, the traffic of the Mon;n?jahela fo- the last fiscal year amounted to I2,772,508 tons, an increase o5 alnost one million tons over the previous year. Other boats followed the Enterprise, and their success no doubt stimulated boat building everywhere, and Eliza'Deth. Monongahela, BelleVernon, California and Brownsville became centers of ship building, from wnobe y.c many fine steamers were turned out. One of the best known boat yards was located near the site of the present paper mill, from which the commodious packet, "Belle of Memphis", was launched many years ago. At Elizabeth, in I8OI, the steamer -M,Lonongahela Farmer was built, being owned by the builders and farmers of the neighborhood. The boat was loaded with a cargo of flour and she sailed via New Orleans for New York. In I803............. 0 00 +CAPT. JOSEPH DAVY. An early steamboat captain. He was killed by an explosion on a boat in the Allegheny River. the brig Ann Jane of 450 tons was built for the Messrs. McFarlane, who loaded her with flour and whiskies and sailed her to Nlew York. This vessel was one of the fastest packets of her day, and was run as a packet to New Orleans for some time. Passenger steamers were not neglected by these boat yards, and many fine packets were cradled on the ways along the valley, the business finally centering at Brownsville, where the Jacobs family had large interests, and who for years controlled the passenger steamers on the rivers. Up until I867 but one line of steamers was in commission, when opposition steamers, the Chieftain and Elector made their appearance. During the life of the old line such steamers as Josephine and Consul in I844, were followed in regular order by the Louis McLain, Baltic, Atlantic, Jefferson, Luzerne, Gallatin, Elisha Bennett, the line including the Chieftain and Elector after the consolidation. After that time the Geneva, Germania, James G. Blaine, Adam Jacobs, the I. C. Woodward and Columbia, the last two boats being still in commission, and making regular trips between Pittsburgh and Fairmont. Development of the bituminous mines along the valley naturally resulted in the building of steamboats of a more powerful pattern. The boats of the olden days were good in their class, and transported millions of bushels of coal to the southern markets. 1M\any of the boats built over forty years ago are still 210in commission, although in some cases nothing but the name survives. New boilers replacing the old ones, new engines, replaced piece by piece, while the wood work renewed from year to year, has completely transformed the old timers, until like the old barlow knife, which had two new handles and three new blades was still the same old knife. Of later years boat building, especially of the towing steamers, has made great strides. Unfortunately the industry has for the ti me being disaapp,eac from the Monongahela river, and the only yard that makes any pretense to ship building is the one located at Elizabeth, and owned by the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal Coke company. While boats are repaired at thl: plant, new work is the exception, but one new boat, to the writer's knowledge ever having been built at these yards, the new "Enterprise," successor to the THE KANGAROO BUILT IN 1806. The engines for this boat were dugout of a sand bank in the Ohio river. Capt. Wm. Henning was pilot on her for many years. boat of the same name formerly owned by the W. W. O'Neil Coal company, and.sold to the River Coal company at the organization of the cerp i. ~.l nli?.e.years ago. As to the later boats on the river, the "J. B. Finley" and "'Sprague" offer the most advanced type. Both steamers are of the low pressure pattern with great power, capable of handling immense tows of coal on the southern rivers, for which they were especially designed. The "Sprague" in particular.offers many features not found in any other towing steamer in the world. Built in Dubuqu-, Iowa, in I902, of steel hull, and compound machinery, she hias been 211capable of developing sufficient power to' easily handle 50,ooo tons of coal in one tow'on the Mississippi river. Her scene of action is between Louisville;'Ky., and Newi Orleans, La.,' towing coal to the southern ports and bringing immense tows of empties north; An idea of the immensity of this towing steamer is found in the fact that her wheel, which is 40 feet wide and 36 feet in diameter, equals in weight some of the smaller towing steamers now in use on the M'onongahela river. These immense boats handle the products of the Monongahela valley almost exclusively. Coal is'the principal item of freight, but of recent years a big trade has been developed in shipping steel rails, wire nails, and other bulk freight to the southwest, and from there distributed to the various centres. On a smaller scale the development of the towing steamers on the'Monongahela river have kept pace with the traffic. Many improvements have been made on these smaller boats, which have been important advancements over the old time steamboat, as exemplified in those of earlier days. The dimensions of the hull have been increased, until the ideal towing steamer, at the present time, in view of the increased dimensions of the locks, measures T50 on deck, RIVER SCENE ON THE IIONONGAHELA; with 28 foot beam, and 4I/2 feet depth of hold. Engines capable of developing frodm 500 to 6oo00 horse power are installed, which makes them capable of handling tows of good size in the upper Ohio river, as well as caring for all the pool traffic. Late boats of this character are the "Monitor", formerly the "W. H, Flint", and the "Rival", both fine examples of their class. The development of coal in the upper pools is keeping pace with the advance in boat building. Since the completion of the locks and dams above M:organtown, extending the slack water system to Fairmont, several new coal mines have been opened to the river, and the products of these developments have found a ready market in Pittsburgh and vicinity. The coal is of the same vein as that which underlies the hills of Pennsylvania, and is almost as easy of access. The matter of transportation is somewhat against the rapid development of this coal system, but with the gradual decrease of the supply in the lower pools it will be a matter of necessity to find other fields from which to obtain the necessary amount of fuel to keep the mills; gpoing as well as the great and growing domestic trade. 212Notwithstanding the increased rail traffic the transportation by water will always be a factor in the commercial life of the nation. The'United States government has finally come to a realization of this phase of national life, and ultimately the Ohio river will be canalized its entire length with a nine foot stage of water, making it navigable at all seasons of the year, instead of during freshet periods, which at times come with great irregularity. At the present writing, July, I9o08, there awaits shipment in the Pittsburgh harbor and the pools of the Mionongahela river about I5,ooo,ooo bushels of coal, destined for the southern markets, and which will be placed as soon as navigation will permit. From the M/onongahela river to the coast country, in the immediate vicinity of New Orleans, is a matter of 2,000 miles. Over this long stretch of natural canal, only a small portion of which at the present time is improved, boats and barges containing from 750 to. Iooo tons of coal are transported at a small comparative cost, delivering it to the customer in the so'uthern land at a reasonable figure, making it possible to develop the great industries of that country. Without this means the South land would never have been able to have made the development she has in the past vears, especially in the grow,ing of sugar cane, which forms such a prominent part in the agricultural development of many of the southern states. Time and space forbid an extended history of the various boats that plied the Monongahela river, and assisted so materially in its commercial developOUR PRESENT BRIDGE, ment. The pioneers in the coal trade, the firms established over forty years ago, did much to bring to the valley that supremacy which its products justified. The Browns, the Waltons, the O'Neils, and nearer home, the Gilmores, of which Capt. John Gilmore was the controlling factor, and who now quietly sleeps his last sleep in the cemetery at Donora, all did great work in this development. This latter firm began coal developments in Rostraver township, below-Webster, before the outbreak of the civil war. Three of the sons participated in the great conflict. Capt. James Gilmore was with the fleet of gunboats on the Cumberland river during the Federal operations in that part of the south, and at the wheel of the old "Wildcat", took that steamer through many naval engagements on the rivers of that section. Capt. William Gilmore was another son' who saw service in the naval branch of the government, but with his brother James now reposes in his last abode in the family.lot in the Gilmore cemetery. Capt. Frank Gilmore, still living, was another veteran of the family, and still lives with his family in Pittsburg, Capt. John Gilmore opened the Wildcat mine, in the lower end of the present town of Donora, in I863, a'nd ten years later opened a tract of coal in the town of Webster. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~............ of coal in- the tow;n of WVebs'ter. 213In our own vicinity the late Lewis Staib, whose home was on the commanding eminence near Victory, did much to develop the coal trade, operating at one time the present Catsburg mine, as well as many others in this immediate vicinity. The late James Warne was another pioneer in the coal trade, the Ivil mine being originally opened by him, to be sold later to the Jones' interests, and later by them to the River Coal Company. In conclusion. Recent years have found the Monongahela valley making great strides. In I892 Monongahela City celebrated the centennial anniversary of its founding. At that time Charleroi was but a small village. It is true its promoters had great faith in its future, but its growth has surprised even its most ardent supporters. Monessen was not thought of, and not even a shadow indicated that Donora would ever exist. Like water seeking its level modern business demands have made it imperative that industrial establishments locate near their fuel supply, and the result is the towns which have become such prominent features in our every day life. One hundred years ago the forest, lonely and unbroken; the river shallowv and useless. Today the valley teeming with the thousands of operatives, pulsating with the ceaseless throb of commerce, as it takes from the hills its "sunbeams in carbons," or fashions in the mill the mighty structures which assist in the development of other lands, bringing in exchange the many blessings we enjoy. HENRY LANDEFELD. Was born Sept. 17, 1846 in Germany, having received a good education he next epent four years at the tailor trade. He enlisted in the 52nd British Reg, in 1867 and served for 5 years, having seen servt-e (luring the Fenian trouble at Dublin, Ireland. After leaving Ireland he proceeded to Malta where he stayed four years. He came to Monongahela about 1876 and worked for Silas IHaley 23 months fina:ly starting business for himself, which business he conducted until his death, the 17th of February, 1904. 214LODGES OF MONONGAHELA. Nucleus Lodge No. 377 I. O. following officers: N. G., V. G., R. Sec., Ass't. Sec., Treas., War., Con., Sup. N. G., Inside Guard, Outside Guard, O. F. Organized Sept. 14, I849 with the B. Nelson James W. Cheff H. B. Strager John B. Springer John Wattkins Ransom HIornbeck R. D. Cooper Jos. M. Cooper John Gilfillan James L. Irwin Present Officers, I908. N. G., VA. G., Sec., F. S., R. S.. Treas., W. A. Caldwell W. M. Forester W. M. Harrington H. C. Shipe Thomas Thorney \Vm. H. Isaacs Appointments R. S., W. J. Blythe L. S., A. C. Hank War., D. F. Dague Con., Chas. Harris R. S. S., E. J. Fields L. S. S., A. B. Cowan Chats., G. E. Mare Outside G., Jos. Marshall Inside G., I. N. Atkins V. G. Appointments. R. S., L. S., Win. Bush Wm. M. Tan Total membership at present 2II. Meets on Thursday evening of every week in the I. O. O. F. building at 7.30 P. M. Henry AM. PhilliF-s Lodge No. 337 F. and A. M. Chartered March 5, I86o. Charter Members The first officers were: John Withrow Shesh Bentley S. B. Bentley David Riddle A. J. Buffington WV. M., S. W., J. W., Sec., John Withrow S. D. Bentley David Riddle A. J. Buffington 215G. A. R. Gen. Starkweather Post. No. *6o. Was organized April 30, I867. The charter members being: Alvin S. King W. P. Patton A. D. O'Donovan G. V. H. Mellinger W. H. King J. DeV. Hazzard S. C. Wiley Joseph King James A. White M. P. Morrison James A. White Elias Gilmore Chill W. Hazzard W. S. Cooper I. O. R. M. No. 253. Past Officers. Aim. Bowden John Brawdy Percy Burgoyne Lyman Clark Alexander Collins Thos. Chataway, Sr. W. H. Ferree J. C. Gibson Edward Cady John Hodgson Adolph Hiersoux Thos. P. JTones AMathias Jarvis Jas. McMurray John J. Neill Chas. E. Sanders Geo. C. Smith Thos. T. Spence L. T. Sax John Tho.rnly Harry S. Young Adam Hodgson J. W. Wallace Isaac Yohe, S. D Thos. T. Thomas D. Ben. Feree D Perry Bowden D John Vernon D Alonza McGarrit Arroas Tribe No. 253 I. O. R. M. was organized on the 23rd of May The present membership is one hundred the present elective officers Sachem, Sen. Sag., Prophet, IK. of W., C. of R., C. of W., Trustees, Thos. Thornley Chris Strohm John H. Ball Alex. Collins Thos. Chattaway Geo. Smith Lyman Clark Aldoph Heirsoux Alex. Collins (Chris qtranh r.. v-....0.J Li U-lll1 Representative to the great council, Lyrman Clark Deputy Great Sachem for this districy, W. W. Feree Monongahela Council No. 507 Royal Arcanum was organized Aug. 4, I88o with 25 Chartered Members, and now has a membership of I54. In the 28 years that it has been organized it has paid to widows and orphans of Mononga!hela $io6,oo0. The present officers are: Past Regent. Lawrence Hayes Regent, David C. Woodward Vice Regent, Jos. K. Marshall Orator, J. P. Taylor Secretary, H. H. Williams Collector, R. Williams, Treasurer, Win. S. Downer Guide, Chas. A. Coulter Warden, Robt. McMahan Sentry, tames D. Hoon Win. G. Caldwell Trustees: Tolhn Anders Thomas C. Buchanan 216 1884. areSTAR OF THE VALLEY COUNCIL NO. I36. Organized in I88i. Counsellor, V. Counsellor, R. S., A. R. S., F. S., Treas., Conductor, Warden, Jr. P. C., Andrew WVinlterholder J. E. Ric-h:aids W. Fence Sam. Downer Frank Richards Chas. Beckl Jos. Yohe, jno. Conn Win. Pierce CHARLES S. CRALL. Past State Councilor of J. 0. U. A. M. of Pennsylvania, and Deputy National Councilor for Maryland. Present Officers: Councellor, Vice Councellor, R. S., A. R. S., F. S., Treas., Con., A. C. Hank Jas. Stathem S. P. Yohe Jas. Andrews J. A. Ewing W. A. Allen Albert Maloy 217B. L, ROSS. Warden I. Sentinel, O. Sentinel, Jr. P. C., Trustees, Present membership, 358. Winm. Kahle Playford Wall Win. Davis Walter Wallace, Jr. Fell Wickerham, Walter Wallace, Tr. W. T. VanVoorhis M. C. Jones KNIGHTS OF MALTA. Instituted March iith, I905. Ist Sir Knight Comnmander, W. H. McMasters Ist Generalissimo, J. C. Dodd Ist Captain General, Frank E. Yo.he, Jr., Ist Prelate, J. W. S. Painter Ist Recorder, Frank Householder Ist Trea,urer, T. T. Spence Present Officers. Sir KInight Cmmander, Generalissimo, Captain General, Prelate, Recorder, Treasurer, 21 C. C. Hanlon Harry Riclhmond F. G. Kennedy J. C. Hiscox E. P. Brown J. M. LandendorfMONONGAHELA LODGE NO. 455 OF THE BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Instituted Dec. I2, I898. Charter Members, 39. Officers elected for the lodge year ending March 3I, I899, were: Exalted Ruler, Esteemed Leading Knight, Esteemed Loyal Knight, Esteemed Lecturing Knight, Secretary, Treasuri-r, Esqtuire, Tyler, Chaplain, Inner Guard, Trustee, Trustee, Trustee, W. Parke Warne J. J. O'herl F. II. Underwood A. R. Parkinson Morton Black S. M. Downer Charles Cocain Thos. C. Farquar James S. Crall Joseph A. Herron John F. Cooper Winm. T. Jones Harry Howe Officers for the year ending \lIarch 31, I909. Exalted Ruler, Esteemed Leading Knight, Esteemed Loyal Knight, Esteemed Lecturing Knight, Secretary, Treasurer, Esquire, Tyler, Ch'aplain, Inner Guard, Trustee, Trustee, Trustee, Carl E. Gibsoln Edward L. Yohe Geo. W. Cooper, Joseph J. Boyle Fred F. Cooper Morton Black Harry B. Simpson Warren Yohe Wm. S. Carrol John H. Neuhhart James P. Moore Frank P. Keller J. Scott Skelly Present membership, 211I. MONONGAHELA AERIE, 532 F. 0. E. Organized Nov. II, 1903 with a membership of 98. Officers. Past W. P., W. H. Sanders Worthy P., Jas. S. Crall Worthy V. P. C. H. Landefeld Chaplain, L. C. Shoemaker Sec., Dr. E. L. Yohe Treas., C. R. Meredith Aerie Physician,Dr. G. H.'Murphy 219I LL Lt S I P E V(LRl--BLPOST 1'IAL.)l S IOES FOR STYLL, CLOMIFORT and QUALITYV 203 MAIN ST. MIONONGAMIELA...... s.,:;, f I)I ~ IY () IY C~:M D..-. Coinsult us on all "light matters." Frank M.-M EYERS RAIBLE-George J. Plumbiung Contractors "It's a lea(d-pipe ctnch." Everytbing in Plumbing-X6Gas, Steam and jbot Water beating motor Wasbing machines, Fleating Stoves, ias Ranges, Chandeliers, BracKets, Eigbts. Bell Phone 114-W Corner Fourth and Chess. - I r ill I I I I II I I I Irrmb i I 1. I I I ~~I I - ~ II -~TURN UND GESANG VEREIN EINTRACHT. Organized Sept. 28, I890. Pres., Jacob Schmidt V. Pres., Leo Volker Sec., l Jno. Volker Fin. Sec., Peter Rishert Treas., Jas. S. Schmitz Singing Teacher, Jno. Beaumont Prof. of Plhys. Cul., Adam Doehla Number of Chartered members were 20. Present Officers. Pres., Jno. Kramer V. Pres. Jacob Schmict Sec., Jno. Volker Fin. Sec., Peter Rishert Treas. R. M. Gee Char. Trustee, Frank Grell Ist Turnwart, Winm. Kramer Char. Ent. Com. W in. Volker Char. of Phys. Cul., Fred Kramer Prof. of Phys. Cul. C. G. Koch Present membership, I9o. On June dist Church to ongahela City. MONONGAHELA W. C. T. U. io, 1884, pursuant to a call, a meeting was held in the -Methoorganize a Woman's Christian Temperance Union for MonJUSTICE LODGE, NO. 395, K. P. In I887 a Lodge of the Knights of Pythias was organized. THE HOUSEHOLD OF RUTH, NO. 479. The Household of Ruth, organized in this city in I887. ORDER OF SOLON, NO. 33. The Order of Solon was established in this city in I889. CHIEFTAINS' LEAGUE, NO. 20. The Chieftains' League was organized in this city in I89I. RINGGOLD CASTLE, NO. 437, K. G. E. During the year 1892 a Castle of the Knights of the Golden Eagle was organized in this city. Dec. 8, I897. AMembers, MONONGAHELA TENT 3I5 K. 6 T. M. Commander-H. H. H. Borland, Finance Keeper--B. F. Forsythe, Second Keeper-Geo. O'Ehrl. forty. 220MONONGAHELA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Chess and Popular Streets, West Monongahela, Pa. The first move to establish a hospital in the'Monongahela valley was made by J. Sutton Wall, James Louttit and Dr. G. A. Linn, at a meeting held by these three gentlemen at the office of the former gentlemen. Linn build(ing. late in the year 1882. This movement later found its sequel in a move by Post 60., Grand Army of the Republic, to. erect a monumellt in memory of the soldiers of the war of the rebellion. At a meeting of the Post held Oct. 20, 1891, a committee was appointed to devise ways and means to erect a monument. This committee reported Nov. 19. 1891,. a plan to form a monument association. At a meeting held 2March 16, 1892, Dr. Gamble made a motion that a committee be appointed to. report on the advisability of erecting a Soldier's Memorial Hospital instea(l of a monument. February 7. 1893, the first attempt was made to adopt a name for the hoslpital, four names being suggested:-Monongahela Soldiers Alemorial, Monongahela Memorial, City Hcspital and Soldiers' Memorial. At a meeting held February 24, 1893, Dr. G. A. Linn moved the name be Monongahela Memorial Hospital, which was adopted. March 7. 1893. Dr. Linn was elected president; J. B. Finley, treasurer, an(d Dr. J. G. Sloan, secretary. June 21, committee reported legislature had appropriated $12,000, conditioned upon the promoters raising $10.000. April 12, 1902, Joseph A. Herron, chairman of special executive committee, reported gift of the Parkinson property, West Monongahela. The property was a gift from Hon. J. B. Finley. Dec. 18. 1902, hospital opened for the reception of patients. Present officers of the hospital:---President, T. S. MclCurd(y; vice president, C. B. Wood; secretary, C. F. Linn; treasurer, John F. Cooper; trustees, Edwin Brown, C. B. Wood. J. B. Finle7. C. G. McIlvain, G. A. Linn (deceased), James L. Yohe, Isaac Tohe, Lewis Lazzari, J. K. Tener, J. P. Norman, Joseph A. Herron, T. S. McCurdy, WT. K. Vance, J. B. I-Iayward, Win. Catlin. 221DR, SAMUEL MAFFET KING. Dr. Samuel Maffet King, son of Samuel AMaffet King and Polly Coulter King, was born at Uniontown, Fayette Co., Pennsylvania, September 8, 1794, received a full academic course at Canonsburg, Pa.; stud'ed medicine at Greensburg, Pa. with Doctors Marchand and Postlewait and graduated at the Mledical University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. He married Maria Black, daughter of Samuel Black, May 8, 1817. With the exception of a few months at Madison, Indiana, he spent his entire professional life at Monongahela City. He retired from active practice in 1870, his son Dr. William Henry King succeeding to h's practice. He died September 7, 1877. Dr. King was a gentleman of the old school, a mall of excellent judgment, of very pronounced opinions, yet kind and gentle in his ministrations at the sick bed and kal ma'y fr'en's and adnir rs DR:. WILLIAM HENRY KING, Dr. William Henry King, son of Dr. Samuel Maffet King and Maria Black King, was born at Monongahela City, Pa., November 3rd, 1821. He studied classics with the Reverend Dr. Ralston; studied medicine with his father; graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, March 9, 1853. He conmmenced the practice of medicine in Monongahela City immediately,after his graduation, and after an unremitting practice of nearly thirty years his health was broken, and he sought relief at the Magnetic Springs near St. Louis where he died November 3, 1871, his, fiftieth birthday. Dr. King was an excellent surgeon as well as physician, kind in his intercourse, companionable, and beloved by all who knew him. He married Miss Sarah Ann Sparks, daughter of Rev. S. M. Sparks, a prominent Presbyterian clergyman in 1854. DR. R. F, BIDDLE, Died May 12th. 1864. Studied medicine under Dr. Stevens and practiced in Monongahela for 35 years. Many people will remermber his old horse "Ned." He had the largest practice of any physician ever known in the Monongahela Valley. 222DR. MATHEW PORTER MORRISON. Born Dec. 14th, 1826. Died Nov. 10, 1885. Graduate of Washington College and Jefferson Medical College. Practiced medicine with Dr. R. T. Biddle. Served 4 years in Union Army during Civil War and was promoted to surgeon with the rank of Major. Member G. A. R. ROBERT CARR BYERS, Born Apr. 20, 1820. Died Aug. 31, 1899. Came to Monongahela about 1832. He first entered business in Bentleyville, 1839. Studied medicine under Dr. Estep and in 1873 opened a drug store in this city. 223DR. H. J. GAMBLE. Born Jan. 9, 1846. At the age of 17 he ellisted Co. G. 22nd Pa. Cavalry and served part of his time under Sheridan. Graduated from Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri in 1874 coming to Mlonongahela in 1876 where he practiced his profession until his death of Sept. 9, 1895. Was boin Muach 12, 1832 in Fayette Co., Pa. At the age of 12 he left home entering a general merchandise store, then working for his, brother, Dr. Keys at Bentleyville. After staying with his brother for several years he entered his office studying medicine and dentisty. In 1862 he enlisted in the 22nd Cavalry and in 1863 he came to Monongahela and began to practice his l~rofession and at his death in June, 1899 was considered one of the best physicians in this community.:~i:i~i!iiiiiiiii~i:?i~............DR, JAMES GORDON SLOAN. (iiii:iii:ii:':~li.''i::~:!~~"~Fiil,:~ii............... Was born lal 12, 1832 in Fayette Co.,r Ja. 18, 18t. Hage ofenlisted in CO. G. 140 P. V. on Augusthe Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor and left home entering a geeral merchadise store, the surrender of Gen. Lee to Ge. Grant. He read medicine {; bro l!i l wither, Dr. Joeys at Betleyvile.liot of Washstayington, D.. Gaduated frowith Georgetow nteicl Clee cigthi s uni hi death. DR. GEORGE ARMSTRONG LINN. Was born in Butler Co., Dec. 8. 1831. He received his early education at his native town and at AMorrison's Academy at this place, then commenced the study of medicine and entered Jefferson Medical College where he graduated in 1869. He at once located in Monongahela and practiced here until his death in 1908. Dr. Linn served on the school board, was a man of excellent literary taste, well acquainted with scientific questions and as a physician was considered one of the best in his profession. 224HISTORICAL NOTES. The Monongahela River rises in Randolph Coiunty, Virginia, and flows into the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, a distance of 300 miles. Pigeon Creek rises in Somerset Township, Washington County, and flows into the Monongahela River at M4onongahela, a distance of I5 miles. Mingo, Creek rises in Nottingham Township, Washington County, and flows into the MIonongahela River below MVIonongahela. Coal is supposed to have been discovered first in I76o wlhen it was used by the Garrison at Fort Pitt. (very little coal was mined before I8oo.) In order to have fuel, for the forge of the first blacksmith shop on the opposite side of the river, the owner had to carry coal on pack horses from a small coal bank situated beyond Kammerer, a distance of I2 miles. The first Indian War that this part of the country was interested in was in I763, when all the Indian nations of the western country united against the frontier settlements of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Paul Froman owned a grist mill on Mingo Creek as early as I775. Abraham Decker was the original owner of the upper part of Monongahela, the title was afterwards secured by Joseph Parkinson. The first Ferry across the river at this place in I775 and was knowvn as the Devore Ferry. List of Stills seized by the Government, I794 during the Whiskey Insurrection. Vincent Colvin, Christopher Stacker, David Hamilton, Benjamin Parkinson, James Parkinson, John Reed, John Baldwin, Samuel Scott, Wm. Parker, Peter Chessrown, Winm. Armstrong, James Stewart, Peter Leyle, Shesbezzar Bentley. Albert Gallatin erected the first glass factory in the west, at New Geneva, before the close of the I7th Century. Witherow's Blacksmith Shop was standing when iron and salt were transported from the east on horse back. The question of a new county, with a slice of Washington, Westmoreland, Fayette and Allegheny, with Williamsport as the County seat was started in 1799, and on the I4th of September a meeting was held, a petition framed and sent to the legislature. This same measure was repeated in I82022-35-37 and I838. In the Winter of I799, the greatest snow fell at one time that was ever known. It began snowing on Friday evening and snowed until the following M\onday morning, snow measuring over a foot deep. The 22nd of April, I780, a law was passed, offering a reward for each Indian scalp taken in Washington County. Sept. I8th, I784, Gcorge Washington crossed the ferry at this place, which was then run by James DeVore. EXECUTIONS. The first execution in Washington County was Thomas Richardson, who was convicted of burglary and hanged Oct. 2, I788. 2nd-William Crawford for the murder of his son, hanged Feb. 2I, I823. 2253rd-Christopher Sharp (a slave) for the murder of his master, Robt. Carlisle, hanged Nov. 22, 1828. 4th-Robt. Foyler for the murder of Robt. M. Dinsmore,!hanged May I5, I867. The old Beckett Mansion which stood near Baird Station was erected prior to I790 by either Joseph or John Beckett and at that time David Furnier had a store in it, Furnier also run a store at Droves Ferry at the same time. The Beckett farm extended both up and down the river. This store was used as an Inn, when the U. S. Troops passed during the WNhiskey Insurrection. The Fort on the opposite side of the river was called Beckett Fort, after the death of John Beckett his widow married John N. Daggs, who lived in t!his mansion till 1822, the name of the ferry at this place then became known as Dagg's Ferry. In early days the opposite side of the ferry was owned by John Cooper, who built the house later owned by' Greer McIlvaine. In I775 the 7th Virginia Regiment was recruited or organized by Col. William Crawford at this place, it being the first body of men raised in the Monongahela Valley for the Revolutionary. In I776 the court house for Youghiogheny County was built on the farm of Andrew Heath, situated just above Elizabeth. In I780 Heath was ordered to have court house and jail repaired and erect a pillory and stocks, the price to be paid for the articles of punishment was $2,000, Continental money, which amounted' to about $307. On June 24th the court ordered Col. William Crawford and David Shepherd to lay out the prison bounds. Beginning at a large black oak standing easterly from the courthouse and marked with six notches, and extending thence south-easterly by a line of marked trees, to the white oak' near and including the ihouse of Paul Mlatthews; thence by a line of marked -trees to the place of beginning. Paul Matthews was to be jailer for I778, and was allowed 75 pounds, five shillings, and two pence for furnishing prisoners with food, and finding irons for criminals. BENTLEYVILLE CAMP MEETING GROUND. 226On Jan. 24th, I78o an entry was made on the minutes of the court: "Ordered that Isaac Justice, John Chamberlain, Winm. Bruce and Wm. Maybell be allowed I25 lbs. of tobacco for seven days' attendance as guards on a prisoner and 84 shillings each for finding their own provisions. The laws at that time provided that every court house must have a pillory, pair of stocks, whipping post and ducking stool. According to early laws orphan children were bound out by court as apprentices. They were required to serve until they were twenty-one; they were instructed in some art, taught to read- and write, and arithmetic as far as the rule of three, given two suits of clothing and if brought up on a farm, each male also received an ax, mawl, nugS and wedges. During I778 the court fixed the following bill of prices for keepers of taverns. Whiskey by the half pint, 2 shillings; whiskey made into toddy, 2 shillings, six pence; beer per quart, 2 shillings and six pence; hot breakfast, 3 shillings; cold breakfast, 2 shillings, six pence; dinner, 4 shillings; supper, 3 shillings; lodging with clean sheet, I shilling, six pence; stabling with hay and fodder, 5 shillings; corn per quart, 9 pence; oats per quart, 6 pence. In I78I when the continental money was depreciating the court fixed these new prices, Y2 pint of whiskey, $4; breakfast or supper, $I5; dinner, $20; lodging with clean s,heet, $3; one horse over night, $3; one gallon of corn, $5; one gallon of oats, $4; strong beer per quart, $6; Among the persons that were licensed by the court of Youghiogheny in I779 to establish ferries on the Monongahela River was Tames Devore who was to run a ferry from his house to the opposite side of the river, landing at the mouth of Pigeon Creek. Christopher Carpenter was licensed to carry Militia men across the river on muster days no particular point being mentioned. The fare established by court for ferrage was four pence, half penny for head of neat cattle, the same for a foot person, two shillings, six pence for a man and the same for a horse. In I79I there were 272 whiskey stills in Washington County. The Whiskey Insurrection was caused by the imposition of excessive tax upon distilled liquors. It began July 27th, I79I and ended 1794 costing the government $669,992.34. The home of Col. Neville (tax collector during the Whiskey Insurrection), was located at Bower Hill. Taken from the Pittsburgh Gazette, October, I792. The Subscriber has laid out a part of his farm on the Monongahela River in the county of Washington at the mouth of Pigeon Creek, opposite Devore's Ferry into lots for a town, the sale of which will begin on the premises on the I sth day of November next. Washington Co., Oct. 20th, I792. Joseph Parkinson. Joseph Parkinson is supposed to have come from Washington Co., Maryland. The boundaries of "Wood Park" the land included in Joseph Parkinson's patent were Pigeon Creek on one side and a line running parallel from the foot of 3rd street back over the hill till it reached Pigeon Creek at a sugar tree. The land extending from 3rd Street, to; Dry Run was sold to Adam Wickerham by Paul Froman, Mar. 13, I792 and was called Georgetown. Wm. Jones was the owner of t'he horse "Morgan" which carried the body of Major McFarland, (after he was killed), from Col. Neville's house to the house of Andrew -McFarland's, which is still standing at Elben. He after227wards profited greatly by the patronage of the government in shoeing the Cavalry!horses that were camped at Ginger Hill during the Whiskey Insurrection. LEST WE FORG!ET. That a tablet should mark the spot where the most important meeting of the Whiskey Insurrection was Iheld on Aug. I4, I794. "Immediately after the Whiskey Insurrection, Washington County was thrown into consternation by notices stuck up during the night on houses and public highways calling on certain individuals to pay certain sums of money by a certain day, or their houses and barns would be burned. Those who refused to satisfy the demand suffered the threatened penalty. A warrant was sworn out for the suspected ringleader, but he fled the country, and the burning operations ceased. Washington died on the evening of Dec. 3Ist, I799. It is a fact not generally known that he breathed ihis last, in the last hour of the last day of the last year of the century. Phenomenon copied from Creigh History of Washington County. i8oI-Jan. I2, On Wednesday last about eight o'clock--the atmosphere being cloudy, and the night very dark an' extraordinary glare of light near the Southern horizon and illuminated the whole atmosphere for about five seconds, and in about 4/2 minutes, it was succeeded by an explosion similar to a discharge of a large cannon at a distance, which shook the houses and windows. The log part of the old Parkinson Mansion was the first house built in town. The first brick house in town was built on Lot No. I by William Irwin in the year I802, the building was later called the Kerr House, now occupied by McGoughs. MONONGAHELA MILITARY BAND, Organized in 1890. Prof. Burke, Leader. The members starting from the right of the fronit rank are Clyde MIertdith, James Borland, A1 Hening, Tom Noble, Tom Anderson, James Crall, iMarcel Merdith, Harry Yohe, Winm. Harding, Morris Noble, Frank Leyda, -wrence Dewalt, Harry Hening, Bob Robinson, Ed Kern, Ben Ross, Frank Shanner, Prof. Burke, Hud' Sutman, Harry Powers, Sam Dewalt and Silas Haley. The unifo,'med l anks of the American Mechanics are in the rear. 228Subscription paper of the Williamsport Meeting House Congregation. November 28, I805: James Prine, $2.50 Moses Carr, $2.00 Robert Williams, 2.50 William Withrow, 2.00 Daniel Forehas, 2.50 William Fenton, 2.I7 Henry Blythe, I.50 Jacob Crabs, 2.00 William Parkinson gave the old grave yard lot. Hon. James Gordon established the first Sunday School class in WVilliamsport shortly after I8ro,'he had a great deal of opposition from the people who said the children should have at least one day in the week to themselves. The first school house in this section of the country was located near where the Withrow Blacksmith shop used to stand. The first school house in Parkins' Ferry was located in a grove of sugar trees, which later was the property of AMichael Yohe. Following is a notice issued in I8Io, Williamsport, May 22, I8Io: Notice is given for those gentlemen interested in promoting the business of the community to attend at the house of John Berrie, Inn-keeper in the town of Williamsport, June 23rd, I o'clock to consult and adopt a plan for the purpose of building a Steam M4ill in the town of Williamsport, by an association or company, During the exciting days of I840 that "Whig" log cabin stood on the corner now occupied by the bank building of Alexander Co. Among the first manufacturers in this section was a carding and fulling machine, run by Benjamin Parkinson. It was operated by a tramp wheel and was located at tlhe mouth of Mingo. John Cooper moved to this place in i8io and purchased the property now occupied by the Central School building and the Shepler estate, w here he operated a tanyard. He served in the Indian and Revolutionary Wars. Copy from an early Washington County newspaper, Parkinson's Ferry, July 4, I8II. The Williamsport Rangers, commanded by Capt. James Warne, assembled at ten o'clock A. M. after performing various military tactics they dismissed until three o'clock P. M. when all met at the house of Joseph Parkinson and partook of an elegant dinner. Gen. John Hamilton and Joseph Beckett, occupied seats at the head of the table, and thirteen toasts were given. When Williamsport was laid out in i8II, the wido\w, Biddie Caldwell and her daughter were the only people residing on the plot now known as Catsburg. These two were always fighting, so the people called them cat and kittens, hence the name Catsburg originated. What is no;w known as the Cowan Mill, was built by Thomas Scott in I812, this mill had undershot w,heels. In 183I he applied a steam engine to it and sold the mill and farm to Samuel.Morgan, and bought what was known as the Bentley M/ill and farm, later known as the Harrison Distillery, situated a short distance from the mouth of Mingo Creek. 229I859. Phone 57-J. i908. S. MA. DOWNER T. A. I-IAMILTON. DOWNER HAMILTON, REAL ESTATE INSURANCE AGENTS,, No. 805 Main Street, Monongahela, Pa. This is the oldest agency in the ci,y, and was established in 1859, by A. C. Sampson, whose death occurred May 10th, 1872, who was succeeded by Pevore Walker, Mr. Devore retiring from the firm a fevw years later, and was succeeded by Hill Shepler, the style of the firm being Walker Shepler. At the death of Mr. Shepler, the business was conducted by Capt. A. Mlac. Walker, until April 9th, 1881, when it passed into the control of the late John M1. Grable, whose death occurred'March 10th, 1902. The business was then purchased by Downer Hamilton, who operate extensively in the Monongahela Valley, as well as Fayette, Greene and Allegheny Counties. They represent 1S of the leading American and foreign companies, a number of them being represented continuously since the establishing of the agency in 1859. The agency has paid claims aggregating over $60,000.00 under the present management, and prompt adjustments and settlements of losses are a feature of the agency. They have a large list of properties for sale, and any one desiring a good home on easy payments, should consult this firm. They make farms and coal property a specialty. TOWNLER'S THE MAMMOTH STORE TOWNER BUILDING, MONONGAHELA, PA. OIY DISPLAY AND SALE AT ALL TIMIES THE LARGEST STOCK OF DRY GOODS, CARPETS, WALL PAPER, MILLINERY, LADIES' READY-TO-WEAR and FURNISHING GOODS IN THE UPPER, MONONGAHELA VALLEY. THE BIG BA:RGAIN BASEM'IENT WITH ITS IM4\MENSE STOCK OF HOUSE FURNISHINGS, CHINA, GRANITE and TIN WARE IS AN ESPFCIAL FEiATURE! ii YEARS IN MONONGAHELA CITY. TOWNER'S NEVER HAVE BEEN UNDERSOLD! Doing the largest business without exception in the upper Valley. We can always SAVE YOU MONEY! Merchandise dependable; Money back if you want it; Prices guaranteed lower; Makes this store the shopping home of all the people. i;-. -- i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 7 1,HIGH SCHOOL BAND, MAY 30, 1894, Sam Dewalt. Harry MIerdith. Chas. Stewart. Frank Shanner. John Volker, Chas. Dowler, Clarence Williams, Sam Yohe, Kirk Amberson, John Eckles, Van Carson, Geo. Teeple, Wm. Anlderson, Larmer Williams, Judson Scott, Tom Spence, Tom Anderson, Tom Collins, Robt. Keeney. Notes from the account book of Joseph Beckett (I795-I8I5) who ran a distillery opposite the old brick house at Baird Station. May IIth, I812 I paid Benham IO dollars and 98 cents in full for his stilling 244 gallons Whiskey at 4X2 cents. March IIth, 1812 When Joseph Benham went away h'e left 12 bushels ry in the stillhouse and II bushels of corn and 3 bushels on the loft makes I4. July 25th, 1812 Archey Wines Dtr. to 25 lbs Flower at two pence half penny 70 to I2 wt. Bacon at 9 cents 20 to Capt. one dollar part to wife I.Oo August ioth, I812 to i8 lb Flour at 2Y2 45 By Capt. Iit'l, 12 August I2th by two bushels Wheat 1.3o. To Capt. to buy salt 22 August 3/9 50 26th to Capt. two dollars, when wife was sick 2.00 to pay Sol Johnston 25 cents, 25 29th to 3 guarts and pint of whiskey, differeny times, 45 29th Aug. to I21b Bacon at Io cents, I.20 To I/2 bushel corn I/6 to I/2 Bus. Tatoes I/3.37 To I/2 Bus. Cornmeal I/6 to 6 I/2 Bacon for salley 85 October 8th to two and I/2 Bus.'Wheat at $I 67by 7th Oct. to buy Linen one dollar I.oo to 12 I/2 lb. Loose Flower, when Got cornmeal I6 Memorandum October [6-I812 I sold to Andrew Siterfield PeirsleyGrag Six Barrels of Boild Syder at 4 dollars pr barrel 30 barrels Syder to bein this way, put it tip 24 hours in a Hogshead then Drawed off at two dollars twenty five cents pr. barrel to be paid for when took away all to, be at their risk when put up for which I have rec'd. this day Five Dollars forthe above syder and apples. Jos. Beckett. All delivered according to bargain paid for the I2th day of Novem-- ber 1812. Apr. ist, I8I2 Tom went into the Still house and begin to wash quit washing Tuesday the 28th Apr. I812, first four days washed I6 Hogshets. 230the other I6 days we will say three hogsets pr day, will be 48 hogsets, will be 72 Bus. 72 dubled the last AMay 4th, 96 I take 3 days for lost time, and has made me I56 gains I look for 36. gal damages. This mav certify that Archey Winans begin to work with Joseph Beckett by the month this twenty-second day of April last and is to continue with him six months next ensuing for which Joseph Beckett is to pay him Fifty Dollars lost time by sickness or any other way nessescryally to be made -lp. VWitness our hand the second day of May I8II, Joseph Beckett. Archey WVinans. Witness Samuel F. Beckett. The first paper printed in this place was the Williamsport Chronicle. A copy dated Jan. 23rd, I813 has the following. Married-On Thursday evening Jan. 20 by Rev. Ralston, Joseph Hamilton of Ginger Hill and Miss Peggy Ferguson. Before the formation of Carroll Township, the citizens of Williamsport voted at a tavern of Abraham Frye's on the Brownsville road beyond Witherows' Blacksmith Shop, after the new township was formed they voted at the City Hotel then owned by Joseph Hamilton. The old tavern house near the mouth of Pigeon Creek was among the first buildings on the island, after its sale to James Manown. After the war of I812 Maj. James VWarne, Wm. Parkinson and the Butler Brothers erected a glass factory on lots now owned by James Brown, the Shepler Harrison Estate, running on Chess Street from Second to Church Alley. Benjamin Parkinson had at one time, two distillerys, three Grist Mills, woolen factory, comb factory, sickle factory and gin factory. Jan. I7-I8I4 The Monongahela and Williamsport Manufacturing Co. was chartered. This company was to have been a banking institution as well, having a capital stock of $I25,ooo divided into shares of $50 each. This charter was continued until 1834. Samuel Black was President, James Gordon, Joseph Rose, M. D., James McGrew, James P. Stewart, James Mitchell, Wm. Irwin, Joseph Caldwell, David Hamilton, Manassa Reeves, John Finley and James Warne, Directors. On the 7th day of july I814, Joseph Parkinson in consideration of the sum of $45. transferred to James Gordon, James Hair, James Mitchell, Wmin. Irwin, David Hamilton, Robt. McFarland, John Anderson, Samuel Black and John Cooper, "Trustees for building a Presbyterian Meeting house at WVilliamsport" Lot No. 72 containing I2,00ooo0 square feet, On the same day to the same trustees, in consideration for $5o. Adam Wickerham transferred a tract containing 6,600 square feet for the purpose of building a Presbyterian Meeting-house. 231KU KLUX BAND IN THE NEW YEARS PARADE, 1908, In I8I7-I2,ooo wagons of freight passed over the mountains from Philadelphia to Baltimore. It then cost $14. to carry a barrel of flour from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, now it costs 28 cents. In I8i8 a Substantial bridge was erected over Pigeon Creek. In Dec. I819 Hiram Lodge No. I70 G. A. IM. was instituted, being the 3rd. AMasonic Lodge in the country and t'he first in the city. The National Pike was completed to Brownsville in 18I9. In I820 James Logan, James P. Stewart, Geo. Miles and Chas. Bollman were the prominent mercliants of town, while Joseph Parkinson, John Anderson, Chamlbers and Joseph Caldwell, were the inn-keepers. The Mill dam known as "Old Black's Dam" crossed Pigeon Creek just above iwihere Stockdaletown bridge now stands and the mill was located near where Yohe's Slaughter house now stands. The first boats built in this city were built on the land now occupied by Yohe Bros. Planing Ml\lill. Wiiliamsport Awas named after William Parkinson. In I830 Orlando H. Gold taught school in an old red house on the river bank. His pupils were W. J. Alexander, Chas. Bebee, Samuel C. King, Wash. Spence, Samuel Guthrie, William Devore, Robt. McGrew, and Franklin MAfanown. In I830 there were I45,00o sheep in this country and at that time it was considered the 2nd country in the union for wool growing. Thos. P. Gordon was the first college graduate in the town hlavingl graduated at Jefferson College in I833. Joseph Parkinson died Apr. 28, I834 at the age of Ninetv-four years. Lytle house on Mlqin Street was built by %William Wickerhari 1i834. Devore house cor. of 5th and M4ain Streets was built by James MIcCalla (Silversmith) in 1834. In I834 the Legislature passed tlae act establishing t'le precsent Public.School system. James Mercer kept the first exclusive shoe store in town in 1834, it was afterwards turned into a tavern and occupied tlhe spot wlhere the Commercial Hotel now stands.In I834 Samuel Devore had a brewery on Main Street opposite- the brick row. In I834-37 M/tatthew Murdy Co. run a carding machine at Dry Run. In I834 C. W. WW. Bryant, erected the old carriage factory on A/Iain Street. In I834 Mrs. S. Guthrie carried on a Millinery store. Thomas Collins taught the first Public School in this place in the winter of i834-35, he was also superintendent of the first Methodist Sunday School. At an election held in the old City Hotel (then owned by Joseph Hamilton) June 26, I836, James M\anown, John Storer, Robt. F. Biddle, Asher Van Kirk, WVm. Johnson, John McFarlane, were elected as officers for the covered bridge, Samuel Devore was elected treasurer and Robt. F. Biddclle, Sec., the bridge was completed I838. The name of Williamsport was chang-ed to thlat of M'onongahela City, Apr. I, I837. The Oild Wooden Bridge cost $i5,coo. Our present bridge was built in 1887. The free bridge demonstration was on Apr. 26, I906. The first survey made through town for a railroad was by B. L. Latrobe in I838. The line was run along Coal Street. In I850 the Hempfield Railroad Company made another effort to build a Railroad througll here, but was finally abandoned. Wm Parkinson, son of Joseph Parkinson at one time owned the property known as tl.e Black Homestead, situated on the Pike. K\\ \ ..y~D'`i~:::I.j,~i~ii i....i..... YOHE, WEYGANDT, STECHER FAMILY REUNION. At. MIt. Zion Chlurch. Gingoer Hill, Sept. 16. 1907. Among the many important events of the'Homloe Cominig Week" in September will be the second Annual Reunion and Picnic of the ~ohe, Weygandt and Stecher Historical Society, which the officers and members have decided to hold at. that time. This society is composed of the descendants of Michael Yohe (Sr.), Cornelius Weygandt (the 1st) and Melehoir Stecher, Pioneer settlers of Washington Co., Pa. in the year' 1786. All persons knowing themse'lves to he descendants of these pioneer settlers. will make their arrangements to ba 1present. ISAAC YOHE, President. H. J. ~0HE. Secretary. Joseph McClure was the first cabinet maker in town and made most of the coffins that were interred in the old graveyard. Thomas Wells was the first saddle and harness maker. Squire Thomas Collins was Justice of the Peace for 40 years. Capt. Caleb Harvey run the first keel boat from Pittsburg to Browns~ ~:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 7i.............. Capt. Caleb Harvey run t-he first keel boat from Pittsburg to BrownsVille.John Storer brought the first one horse and buggy to town. The Butlers brought the first two horse carriage. T. R. Hazzard established the first Academy in this city. The population of Washington Co. in I840 was 42,000. In February I84I Gen. William- Henry Harrison, who in journeying towards Washington, D. C. to be inaugurated as the ninth President of the United States, passed up the Monongahela on the Steamer "Loyal Hanna." The First Steamboat in the valley was built at Brownsville. Lock No. I and 2 were opened in October, 184.I. Lock No. 3 and 4 were completed in I844. The receipts at the Post Office during June, I841I were $34.3722. Wm. S. A4ellinger, Post Master. Receipts for Apr. May, June I842-$88.53'2 cc cc.. " "( 1843-$68.73......... " I844-$69.48 2.......;' " 1I 845-$75.99 In I845 Henry Shearer and John Shepler built the Flour Mill. In the forties Robt. Walker had a woolen factory on the site now occupied by the Monongahela Saw Planing Mill. William Johnison erected the first saw mill in town. Mineral, Agricultural, Horticultural, Commercial, Statistics of Washington County.--I 840. Raised anthracite, 9,283; bituminous coal, 976,200 bushels; men employed, 325; capital, $25,824. Live Stock-Horses and Mules, I5,690; neat cattle, 35,344; sheep, 222,63I; swine, 54,28.5; value of poultry of all kinds, $25,6I7. Bu. of wheat raised, 666,200; barley, 11,913; oats, 1,862,528; rye, 38,I57; buckwheat, 29,368;: corn, 652,692; pounds of wool, 482,603; hops, 3,I48; wax, I,I47; bu. of potatoes, 581,569; hay, 22,I22 tons; sugar made, 56,032 pounds; value of the products of the dairy, $75,937; of the orchard $38,768; of home made goods, $43,844. Stores of all kinds, I20; capital, $481,800. Fulling mills, 3; wooleln manufactories, 3; value of man. goods, $8,769; capital, $5,800; value of hats and caps manufactured, $3,900. Tanneries, 30; tanned 6,I45 sides of sole, and 8,935 upper leather; capital $4,800oo. Distilleries I8, produced 151,758 gallons; capital $7,800. Two glass houses and 2 glass cutting establishments, employed 8o men; value of the manufactured articles $Ioo,ooo; capital invested, $I8,ooo. Value of carriages a i- wagons manufactured, $37,370;. capital $18,075..Flouring mills, 25; grist mills, 66; saw mills, 72. Total capital invested in manufactures, $279,005. The aggregate amount of property taxable in I845, was $7,I72,092, whereof $6,40I,I48 was real estate. The population at that time was 4I,279. The adult population being variously employed. In mining, I20; agriculture,. 6,667; commerce, 170; manufactures and trades,' I,69o; in navigation of the ocean, 9; navigation of rivers and canals, 46; and learned professions, I76. The Exchange was the first boat on which Capt. Phillips ever made a trip. The crew of the Steamboat AMoxihala owned by Capt. William Parkinson were David Herron. clerk; Frank I. Gardner, 2nd clerk; Robert Phillips, mate; D. Longwell, pantry boy. afterwards engineer; William Cox, Steward, E. W. Downer, cabin boy; John Nelson, Raphael Coulter, Henry Gaskill, William Brawdy, deck hands; Dan Malov, fireman. An old house used as a barracks for troops was located on the spot where Towners Store now stands. 234The First Drug Store in town was kept by Dr. Geo. Morgan, in a brick house opposite the McGrew Block on Main Street. The Valley Saw and Planing Mill was established in I85o by William and Joseph Brown. The Paper Mill was built in 1850 by Samuel Culbertson. Destroyed by fire I864, rebuilt I865, and destroyed by fire again and was rebuilt again a few years ago. Alexander Company was the first Banking house, established in I850. E. Downer established his business in I851. George A. Hoffman Sons hardware store was established in I852. R. M. Gee established the Granite Marble Works in I852. The lot where the old school building stands was purchased from Henry Fulton, the building was put up at a cost of $7,ooo. and was opened for school in I853, Johnson Baird William Wilson did the stone and brick work and William Coulter the carpenter work, Andrew Brown T. R. Hazzard were the first teachers. The first Board of School Directors were, Cyrus Underwood, Pres. Alex Wilson, Sec. other members were Joseph Alexander, H. H. Finley, Wilson Thompson and Alex Scott. On the I8th of May I853 the board of Councilmen resolved to subscribe to the stock of the Hempfield R. R. any sum not exceeding $5o,ooo. provided said Railroad be located through the Borough. The woolen.nd Saw Mills of Robt. Walker, were destroyed by fire on the night of June 29, I853 and on the I8th of July following the Burgess offered a reward of $200. for the arrest and conviction of the party or parties who set fire to these mills, at the same Meeting of Council it was resolved to collect all the portions of the old fire engine and make inquiries in reference to repairs. On examination it was found impossible to repair it, so as to make it serviceable, Messrs. Downer Hart offered to take the old engine and construct a new one for $350. equal to a first class engine, Apr. 24, I854 the engine house was declared a nuisance, and ordered to be removed, the street commissioner was instructed to sell the material for the old Market House. At a town meeting held Dec. 31, I854, the Corporate autlhorities were authorized to subscribe for stock of the Pittsburg and Connellsville Railroad to the amount of $25,000. on condition that the road be located through the Borough2 FROM THE DAILY REPUBLICAN. Wanted-Twenty-five or thirty men, calling themselves gentlemen, (but otherwise entirely devoid of the title), to stand in soldier like array in front of the Presbyterian ChuIch on Sabbath morning to pass low and ungentlemenly remarks on the ladies as they pass up to enter the church, all those, therefore, bearing the above assumed title, will be found in their accustomed places next Sabbath morning and each succeeding one, just after the ringing of the bell, or just previous to the commencement of Divine Service. April I2, I857. A Lady Victim. How many remember the trial of Charlotte Jones? 235During February, I858, Council decided to pass a law requiring all hay, straw and coal to be weighed before being sold, instead of guessing at the weight, which had been the usual way. From a Directory of I86o. In I86o there was located in this town 5 Drygood Stores, 6 groceries, 2 clothing stores, 2, shoe stores, 2 drug stores, 2 millinery stores, some 5 or 6 others of miscellaneous character, also the Bankingo House of Alexander Co. There were 4 churches, the Cumberland Presbyterian, Methodist, Presbyterian A. M. E. One Public School with six teachers and 350 scholars. The Manufacturers were, Mlonongahela Paper Mill, WVilliam Parkinson Paper Mill, Valley Plani-ng Mill, ship yards, Foundry, Flour M/Iill, MAonongahela City Agricultural Works, Coal Car Factory and two newspapers. In I85o Mr. Carmack started a Foundry in town, which was afterwards bought by George Keller. The peoples Bank (now Trust Co.) was started in I870. Anton Brothers I,amp Factory was established in I874. Yo,he Brothers Planing l/Iill, I88o. Flour Mill, i845. Blythe Co., I8 o. S E!.X S..................... H. C. Sutman Bakery, 864. The Drygoods House of S. P. Keller was established in...86o......................On the 2th day of July, i86i C:ouncil appropriated $2 to assist in Monongahela C emetery was cstabished in ~ 863.. 2')6GEE'S MARBLE SHOP. Talien July 4, 1899 during the Jr. O, U. A, M, celebration in this city.The Telegraph was established to this city by way of West Newton in I864. 0. C. House sent the first message, Mr. McNulty was the operator. The Monongahiela City Steam Docks was established in I865 by Joseph Tuman, Shadrick Heyser, Geo. Grove, Cyrus Linn and others, it was later owned by Barrs, in I878 the Steamer Hun'er No. 2 was placed on these docks while a new hull was built. NOTES FROM DAILY R'EiPUBLICAN. June 8, I865. Patent applied for--a discovery has been made which is a safe guard against burglars, feed the baby before going to bed with green apples. i'i June 15, I865. Circus-Most of our space is taken this morn,i'g by the circus advertisement, but then our readers will not growl, we hope, when we tell them we are well payed for it-and in this case the end justifying the means, we do not know whether the circus is worth seeing or not, but the animal show may be good, it will exhibit on the old grave yard hill. Oct. 26, I865. Our Oldest Inhabitant.':' We have the pleasure yesterday of talking with the oldest living resident of our village, Hon. Judge Gordon came to this town in ISIO, when this town was a small ferry post, at the time there was no house below Ferry Street or Profession of Religion in town, he established the first Sunclay School. NOTES OF INTEREST FROM THE DAILY REPUBLICAN OF I865. Jan. 2, Body of R. F. Cooper brought home and buried, he having diei at Fortress Monroe. Feb. 28, Monument erected to the memory of Lieut. Harry Clark, who was killed at Gettysburg. Mar. 2, Election of officers for the Monongahela Agricultural Society at City Hall. Mar. 7, C. Buch Co. sold City Flour Mill to William Shaw Cc. Mar. 23, During the past year the Steamer Bayarcl, has carried I5,92I passengers from and to this city. Apr. 3, News of the capture of Richmond; proclamation of Burgf3s Elrod. Apr. 4, Great excitement in town the Fayette came in with the news, cannon, flags and general rejoicing. Apr. 5, Grand illumination and torchlight procession, speeches in front of Harvey's Hotel by Hingeley, Lawrence, Dunlap and others. Hiram Sutman wounded and King's window demolished by explosion of cannon. Apr. I5, News of murder of President Lincoln reached us at daylight, business houses closed. May 3rd, First message sent through to Brownsville by new telegraph line. May 5, Morton Black robbed in his room at St. Charles Hotel in Pittsburg. May I6, Hon. G. V. Lawrence, entertained at the camp of the 79th P. V. near Washington City. July I7, A severe frost this morning. July 21, Capt. McBride's Co. 79th Pa. Vol. arrived in this city, having been mustered out. Aug. 2, Capt. Chill Hazzard appointed Postmaster, Vice, Postmaster Clark resigned. 238Aug. 7, First boat raised from the water at the Steam Marine railway of Groves, Heyser Co. Aug. I9, Steamer Gallatin Fayette collided on the Monongahela near Stone's upper works. Sept. I, Post Office moved to Hazzard's Variety Store. Sept. i8, Dr. C. R. Stockdale commenced the practice of medicine in this city. Oct. 14, New bell raised to its place in the Public School Building. Nov. 6, Capt. Boyle's Cavalry Co. arrived here. Dec. 4, Explosion at Barr's Works, one man killed and one injured. DAILY REPUBLICAN, JULY I3, I865. One of the largest gatherings ever assembled at this place met at Dry Run Grove on the Fourth. The meeting was called to order by Shesh Bentley and the following officers were elected: President, T. R. Hazzard; Vice Presi-dent, Col. Jacob Campbell, Ira Butler, Samuel Morrison, Capt. McFeeters, Lieut. Downer, James Chester, Moses Arthur,' William Dewalt, Jackson Frye, Lieut. William A. Kennedy, Maj. M. P. Morrison, Lewis Speers, John Watson, Howard Kerr Marshall, Geo. Grove. Sec. Capt. Chill Hazzard, Lieut. Al King, AVilliam King, J. N. Jackson and David Williams, DAILY, THURSDAY FEB. 22, i866. R. M. GEE. Born 1818S. nied March 27, islO. Came to,Monongahela in 1852 and opened a marble shol) near the river bridge. IHe was also a contrgctor for the building of bridges froml 1852 to'57. Served as school director and was a member of the Episcopal church. MRS. R, M, GEE.:l:g!!s..l.i Formerly Mary iI. Gauggwere. The new ironclads, Sandusky and AIarietta, which have been lying for some months in the Allegheny river, have been towed to Cairo by the steamer Hawk. Mar. 8, i866. Notice-If the gentleman wlio keeps the shoe store with the red hair will return that umbrella which he borrowed of a young lady with an ivory handle, he will hear of something to her advantagpe. VELOCEPEDE CONTEST. May 6, I869. The Velocepede School which has been in operation here for some time past closed on Tuesday evening, with a prize contest at the Keystone Rink. Messrs. Walker, Bayha and Hazzard were judges. 239Accuracy A Characteristic Accuracy is a characteristic of this store. Experience and accuracy prevail alike in the buying, keeping, selling, compounding and dispensing of every article sold here. A COMPLETE LINE OF THE PUREST AND BEST DRUGS, MEDICINES AND CHEMICALS SODA FOUNTAIN A SPECIALTY FULL LINE OF STATIONERY AND PHOTO SUPPLIES SETT BROT HERS 231 W. MAIN STREET WILLIAM ABBOTT H-O G botl UWl. pbbott, prop. elew Ea le, pa. II_ - II I -~I ~ I I I - I I st,,Ist Premium--miniature Gold Velocepede to S. D. Cuberstoin, competitor, J. F. Logan. 2nd Premium-Meerschaum Pipe to Alf. Catlin, competitors, Joseph A. Herron, S. B. McLain. 3rd Prize-Pocket Knife to J. B. Finley, competitors, G. V. Mellinger, D. C. Shaw, Webster Brawdy. DAILY REPUBLICAN, JUNE Io, i869. Odd Fellows Building built I869 cornerstone laid on 4th of July. M-ammoth Rhubarb plant was exhibited by D. C. Shaw, leaves measuring 36-35 in. In July I869 the "Hazzard Zouaves", an independent Military Company was formed under the command of J. D. V. Hazzard, Ist Lieutenant; Christopher Galloway, 2nd Lieutenant; William Oliver. In August, I872, this company was recruited into the Light Guards or Company A. of the Ioth Pa. Regiment, with Capt. J. D. V. Hazzard; Ist Lieut. John Bowman; 2nd Lieut. Geo. A. Gregg. During the riotous days of I877 it performed efficient service at Pittsburg, Pa., afterwards Capt. Hazzard recruited a company known as the Ioth Regiment Volunteers and performed a three month's service at Scranton, Pa. John Anderson was the only soldier from this place that died in the Andersonville Prison. I. S. Crail established his business in I867. On the I7th, of June, I869, Dr. E. T. Cooper and O. C. House were empowered to secure street lamps and have them placed on Washington and Main Streets. Oil was used in these lamps until I873. Andrew Neel was the lamp lighter. Byer's Drug Store was established in I869. Apr. 17, I87o, The Dramatic Company, under direction of Grand Army Republic presented the "Ticket of the Leave Man". Those that took part in it were Marcus Mellinger, S. B. McLain, Jos. Armstrong, Chris Gallaway, Ed. Haley, James White, Misses Mary McAlister, Barbara Cowan and Cora Neal. Aug. II, I870, A flash of lightning killed John Woolslayer, it being one of seven flashes t'hat has struck within a radius of one-fourth mile, within a few weeks, another of the flashes killed Astley Cooper. Feb. 2, I87I, M'rs. Elizabeth Taylor, of West Pike Run, who is now 91 years old lately had her picture taken in the same plate with her daughter, granddaughter, great granddaughter and great, great granddaughter. Daily May i8, I87I, The class under Prof. Stephens Applegate gave a grand vocal and instrumental concert on Friday evening, last, for the benefit of the Baptist Church of Horseshoe, the Chill Hazzard Brass Band and the Bella Serenaders Kindly volunteered their services for the occasion. Miss Joan Fournier, the young and talented violinist, played two solos, the affair was quite a success and every person was well pleased. William T. Mark.ll established his cigar business in I87I. Monongahela City Gas Company was incorporated in I872 and in I873 gas was awaiting the use of the consumers. On June I9, I872 an ordinance'was granted allowing Dr. J. W. Connelly, privilege to erect a gas and coke works. On the 2ist day of September, i872, a large fire destroyed seven houses on the ground now occupied by the Central Block. The Monongahela' Manufacturing Company was started in I872 by James W. Downer, Samuel Hindman and Col. David Lackey. 240In I873 the P. V. C. R. R. was opened to this City, the late D. W. S. Wilson, was the first Ticket Agent, and he sold the first ticket to Maj. A. P. Foster. The Lake Erie R. R. was completed in I889 On June Io, I873 an explosion occurred at the Paper Mill, killing John Parkison and doing considerable damage. During the year I873 the town council and the ihogs (swine) had a very exciting time. JOSEPH LYTLE HOU)SE, Built by \Trm. WVickerlhalm in 1S.4. William McGregor engaged in the sale of Boots and Shoes in I873. J. F. Nicholson's jewelry store was established in I874. J. D. Strouse's jewelry store was established in I873. During the month of May, I1878 fire buckets and ladders were purchased and in August following a wagon on which to haul them. In I878 the Germania made her first trip in charge of Captain R. R. Adams. Landefelds, the merchant tailors, established their business in I878. FOLLOWING IS THE RECORD OF THE BALLOONS MADE BY THE GREAT AMERICAN. BALLOON COMPANY IN 1878. The leading stockholders were Thomas and Lute Collins, Billie Adams and Bill Wilson. Meteor, Aug. 30, burned in air. Dennis Kearney, Aug. 3I, burned while inflating. W. H. Wilson, Sept. 2, landed at Sisters Station, g miles from point of starting. Charles Adams, Sept. 5th, went up 300 feet and came down in the middle of the river. Abe Bailey, Sept. 6th, same balloon brought back and re-inflated, landed in river above bridge. William Torrence, Sept. II, landed on Hayden's farm II miles away. City of Push, Sept. I8, sent up at Fair Ground, landed at Miadison, WTestmoreland Co., 26 miles away. 241William Torrence returned from Haydens, Sept. i8, sent up from Fair Ground, took fire in mid-air and burned. Minnie, Sept. 19, sent up at Fair Ground never heard from. L. C. Coliins, September, sent from Fair Ground, landed at Milesville,. 3 miles away. T. M. Potts, Sept. 23, Cannlonsburg Fair Ground, landed at Vankirk's, West Bethlehem, nine miles away. Gen. Bingham, Oct. i, Soldiers reunion, landed at Apollo, Armstrong Co., 47 miles away. St. George, Nov. 3rd. The Connellsville paper notes the arrival of the St. George at Jacob's Creek. T:he people in that region had never seen a lalloon before and although it arrived on Sunday, they turned out and shot it full of holes until it came clown. The ice breakup of Jan. 20, I879 carried away io coal tipples, besides a lot of coal boats and barges. On April 3, I878 the first English Sparrows were noticed in town and they established their headquarters in the eaves of the Odd Fellows Building. The first engine built in this city was at the AMIorrison Co., Machine Shops, September, I878, plans were drawn by Mr. Pollock. In june, I879 Monongahela had only four votes cast at the primaries; Washington, Pa., had ten. Albert Culbertson, born I818, died, July I6, I878, was the son of Dr. Culbertson who built the first Paper Mill here, came to this city I858, was a stockholder in the Railroad, Telegraph, Peoples Steamboat and Gas Works: The famous Sycamore Tree which stands in our Driving Park within whose massive trunk, now 36 ft. 7 inches in circumferennce in early times was born a boy baby who afterwards grew up to be the father of descendants known as the HIowden family in its several and widespread wealthy and influential relation and intermarriages. The story runs that Mr. John Howdlen moving into this country then a wilderness (having located a scction of land near what is now Bentleyville), with'his wife, in an old bell team wagon, he camped on the bank of the creek, near- the old Sycamore; and inside its trunk he found a space large enough to shelter his wife comfortably, so, building a fire they cooked their frugal supper, Howden catching some fish from the creek, whilst the good wife boiled the coffee. A few blankets and leaves made the snug bedding, a comfort hung over the mouth of the tree made all secure within. During the silent watches of the night John was hastely aroused and sent to Parkison's Ferry for the Doctor and witlh the early streaks of breaking day a little stranger nestled by the side of the mother, and safe within the enclosing trunk, the little fellow grew into babyhood until the mother could stand the journey now almost competed, the boy grew up to be Mr. John Howden and in later years married a sister of Jonathan WTest, and later in life there children married into the Kammerer family. Copied from Daily Republican of I876. Daily Aug. 29, I878. On Saturday evening a hot air balloon was sent up from Dick King's corner by W. W. Wilson, W. A. Adams, Tom Collins and others, Lute Collins of the Globe Cigar Store sent up a small balloon on Friday, but it burnt up. The balloon sent up Saturday was 25 feet high and on Monday morning they received a telegram that it had landed at Sutter-,ville near Connellsville, Pa. Collins expects to send up quite a fine balloon during the fair. 242The new Central School building was dedicated July I, I88i by Rev. Dr. Higbee, destroyed by fire Mar. 2, I883 and the present building was rededicated Sept. I8, I883. The Adam Jacob's made her maiden trip on Sept. I5, I885 and was the first boat to carry electric lights. the Packet James G. Blaine made her first trip fromn Pittsburgh to Morgantown, Nov. 8, I889. Dr. Geo. E. Lytle, was chief marshal of the Mechanics' parade in I889. The Monongahela Centennial was held Nov. I5th, I892. The persons in charge of it was, A. R. Parkison, Pres.; W. C. Robison, Sec. Committee: T. H. Baird, Hon. J. B. Finley, Dr. Geo. A. Linn, Dr. James G. Sloan, Hon. Geo. V. Lawrence, Chill WV. Hazzard, Dr. J. S. VanVoorhis, Wiliiam J. Alexander, A. R. Parkison, Mrs. Letitia Sampson, for the Ladies Auxilliary. When, Oh: when, will the town hall steps be cleaned? LEST WE FORGET. Immediately after the fire wlien the school house was destroyed, Hon. T. Hud. Williams put men and teams at work and in ten days had every scrap of the debris cleared away and work on the rebuilding begun. For this work Mr. Williams never asked a cent and it has been proposed that a tablet to the memory of this civic pride and Mr. WVilliams, be erected on a corner of the School Building lot. West Monongahela was located and laid out in lots by H. Higenbotham in I893. The Post Office of Monongahela City was changed to AMonongahela, on April Ist, I893. WOLF S CARRIAGE MAKING SHOP, 1ST WARD. COVERED BRIDGE ON PIGEON CREEK. NOTES FRCOM THE DAILY REPUBLICAN. I88I July 26, iMrs. Euphemia King, wife of Dr. Syrus B. King died this. morning of typhoid fever 1882. Sept. 9, Old M. E. Church sold to Alexander Co. Dec. 24, Keeney greenhouse caught on fire and about half of the hot hlouses built last fall were destroyed. 24.3I883. Williamsport Bridge was insured for $5,ooo. On Apr. II, I883 the old wooden bridge was destroyed by fire. On the 23rd at a public meeting a committee consisting of John S. 1\Iarshall, J. P. Taylor, C. W. Hazzard was appoinited to urge upon the people the necessity of helping the directors to build another bridge. May ist, I883, the stables of the Shepler House were burned. May i8th, I883, Monongahela Volunteer Fire Dept. purchased a Steam Fire Engine from Reading Fire DTept. at a cost' of $I,ooo. Dec. I7th, I883, the Pennsylvania Railroad was opened for use. Feb. I5th, I884, the new fire engine was used for the first time at a fire at the residence of T. S. McCurdy. Dec. I7th, I883, the Pennsylvania Railroad was opened for use. Feb. I5th, I884, the new fire engine was used fo'rthe first time at a fire at the residence of T. S. McCurdy. The following are the first officers that were elected for M-onongahela Firemens Association, I883. Officers: Pres., Vice Pres., Rec. Sec., Cor. Sec., Treas., Chief, Foreman, Ist assist., 2nd assist., AVm. JT. Alexander S. P. Keller John Grable J. P. Taylor Jas. S. Alexander C. B. Wood T. S.:McCurdy Winm. HI. Arison. Jos. Wolfe Hook and Ladder Division. Foreman, J. Ferree Sanders Ist assist.,,Frank Woodward 2nd assist., W. A. Markel Engine Division. Foreman, Ist assist., 2nd assist., Dr. Geo. A. Linn W. A. Ford, H. C. MIcCurdy Executive Committee Elected. Ist Nozzleman,P. B. Brown 2nd NozzlemanJos. Wolf 3rd Nozzleman,Levi Cambell 4th Nozzleman W. Sutman Messrs. J. H. Dewalt, Van Hillman and S. C. Yohe were appointed engineers. The first there was to have charge of the engine and the others to act as assistants. July 3I, G. A. R. Excursion train wrecked. Sept. 27, Monongahela School Building dedicated. Oct. I, Second Baptist Church dedicated. Oct. 3, Pittsburg Exposition Building burned.'Nov. 30, Mrs. Lizzie Jones McElhenny died. 244Co iskl YOHE BROTHERS. John M. Yohe. James L. Yohe, Win. G. Yohe, Lewis N. Yohe. Isaac Yohe. Frank E. Yohe. Chas. N. Yohe, Sherd C. Yohe.I884. Jan. 4, the Governor granted charter to Monongalahela and Bellewood Natural Gas Company for natural gas. Feb. I4, the house on Second St. belonging to Mrs. Maria King and occupied by T. S. IMcCurdy caught on fire, "Hamden' quickly extinguished the blaze. April 30, J. Nixon O'Neil of Elizabeth killed in runaway. June 29, Lutheran Church dedicated. I885. Chill Hazzard was succeeded to the Post Office by J. H. Moore. July ist, while in his office, Mayor Grable and his wife were startled. by a report like that of a pistol. The head of the city exclaimed, Dynamite but upon investigation it was found that a bottle of beer heated by the weather exploded destroying the cabinet in which it was kept. Aug. i i, Mr. J. McClelland of this city died at Nashv\Tille, Tenn. His mot:her was a cousin to Benjamin Parkinson. Sept. 9, Abraham Underwood dead. Sept. ii, Mrs. R. M. Gee died in her 68th year. Sept. I, the poles for a valley telephone have been erected. The route extends from WTest Elizabeth through here to Black Diamond. Sept. 29, the central office for here is to be located at Linn's drug store. Nov. 23, Wm. McCallister bought Dunn's drug store. 886. Jan. 23, Hiram Felson died Jan. 21 from an attack of pneumonia. Feb. 3, First Presbyterian Church calls Rev. Jas. MIiaxwell as pastor. Feb. 5, Rev. Father McCourt named the new Catholic Cemetery, St. MIarys cemetery. Mar. ii, Big oil well struck at A\ashington, Pa., to day which produces I2 to I8oo bbl. a day. Mar. 24, Hiram Gamble bought from Harry -Miller the corner lots fronting the New School Building. Mar. 25, Rev. Axtel died. Apr. 30, Rev. j. M. Maxwell installed. June 2, last stone at Lock Four laid at 4:30 P. M. June i6, Contract given to Neel Blythe Co. for a New Opera House. Aug. I2, Abraham Stecker died. I887. Mar. i8, a bill for a new City Charter is pending at Harrisburg. May 2, about 8 P. M. a fire Awas discovered in the Pump House in the Railroad yards. ~Water from Yohes' and Byers''Mill was turned on the blaze before "H-amdlen" was out of its bed. June 22, on Tuesday June 2ISt a flash of lightning' followed the telegraph wires into the operators' rooim at the railroad station and did considerable damage. June 26, Ransom Gee, Jr. drowned off the Steamer Stella. July I4, Mrs. Jane King died in her 9gist year. July I5, Thos. Meredith poisoned. Aug. Io, All the claims lupon the city were paid and Mi\onongahela is once more out of debt. 246Sept. 3, Albert Gallatin in his life time, donated grounds, and put tp a stone building for school and preaching purposes at Geneva. The house has been klnown as Old Stone for a long time and gradually fallen into dilapidation. \/Ir. IH. A. Crow, foreman of the Graphic Newspaper office, has been stirring up the people to preserve the old relic of the great financier which was donated when he was a member of Jefferson's cabinet. A benefit excursion was organized and reached our city last evening on the steamer, Germania. Tlhe Bugler Band from Brownsville accompanied the party and furnished the nimusic for both promenaders on the deck and dancers in the cabin. The boat lay at our wharf and the couples promenaded "Push" and was evidently pleased. And, indeed, our people were pleased in turn for a finer looking set of folks have not visited us this season. And so those I5o good people thus contributed to keep green the mementos and the memory of Abraham Albert Alphonse Gallatin, Commandant of Passaquamody. and founder of the town of Geneva. Sept. 5, Council met and ordered Fourth St. and Pike to be macadamized and the fire committee was ordered to buy a pump for the fire department. Sept. 19, a new shaft at the Ivil M\'Iines was completed. I 888. Jan. 30, while crossing the river from Carroltown, WVm. Miles and Fred Hillory broke through the ice and were drowned. Mar. i, by express last evening Mr. John Grable received a box containing a loaded pipe, some explosives and an electric battery. After opening he plunged the box and its contents into a tub of cold water and avoided what might have been a dangerous explosion. Sept. 5, W. H. Rosei died. Sept. I9, Capt. Jesse Taylor killed on the railroad. Nov. 20, Captain Hugh Keys died. COMMERCIAL HOTEL ON DRESS PARADE. 247I889. Jan. 9, Jos. Patterson died. Jan. 2I, Dr. Gamble leased the Opera House to Mr. C. B. Palmer for a period of 3 years. Feb. 7, Mr. Chas. Taylor opened a store in the room now occupied by Corrin Corrin. Feb. 8, A wharf boat is now under construction at Yohe's M\ill. July io, The first kiln of bricks have just arrived for the reservoir at the new Water Works. July I5, The Lake Erie Railroad was opened for passenger and freight as far up as Monongahela. July i5, Prof. Dalby of WVest Brownsville elected principal' of Public School. July I9, Mr. Jas. Hank died. Oct. 29, the new City Brass Band was organized. I89o. Mar. i8, Post Office moved to Bank Building. Apr. 2, Ransom M. Gee died. May 15, Crouch family murdered by Bill West. June ii. Monongahela Mfg. Co. was burned to the ground. June I6, iVTottison Applegate died. July 9, Bentleyville Railroad proposed. Aug. I3, Corner Stone of Landefeld Building laid. Dec. I8, Fire Department organized. I89I. Feb. 26, West hung as a penalty of robbing and murdering the Crouch, family. Mar. 6, Dr. Geo. Lytle died. June 15, Fire at Blythe and Co.'s Mill resulting to the loss of $2,000. June 24, Fire at the back of Hoffman's hardware store which destroyed ol e room. July 23, The first barge of bricks for paving Chess St. arrived. Sept. I7, Soldiers monument unveiled at Homestead. Sept. 29, Rev. John Moody, pastor of the First Baptist Church resigned. Sept. i8, Jas. Prescot Sheplar died. Nov. 20, Fire in Brown's tenement houses on the east shore. Nov. 28, Fire at the paper mill resulting at $2,000 loss. open. 1892. Jan. 6, Mrs. Eleanor HIodgson Corrin died. Jan. II, a slight fire at the home of Jas. L. Yohe on Chess St. Jan. ig, the store of Henry Landefeld was looted and the safe blown Feb. I2, fire at Hazzard's which did considerable damage. Mar. 24. a former Presbyterian piastor, Rev. John Kerr, died. Apr. 4, Pastor Baker of the' M. E. Church died. June 9, Mrs. Jone Byers died. July I6, Dr. Wm. H. King aied. Autg. 25, an explosion at the City Gas Works. Nov. 26, Mrs. Mary Hart Taylor died. 248ELIPHALET DOWNER, Born Jan. 13, 1828. Died Nov. 20, 1892. His early life was passed: in steamboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, later engaging in lumber business in Allegheny. In 1862 he came to this town where he remained the rest of his life. MONONGAHELA ROLLER POLO TEAM. Won 35 straight games during season of 1907-08. Hoskins, Dunning (iMgr.), E. Keys, McVicker, F. Keys, Armstrong. 249 GRANDMOTHER YOHE, MICHAEL YOHE,(OVLRNE)R M LOSTE LOO4DIKS BLEST A4LSK OUR AGElNT A.* 11t.0 ~RI[L(Cwc 1~ohoh1ahIa'' Pa., UGENFIE F SEAM AN miamonbus 3cwelrx, ILUatches Clockh, Cut Glass IS YOUR WATC H S ICK?. WXe are ipecialistet RE LIAR LE-PROM PT- REASON ABLE UGENE F. SEAMAN 308 MAIN STREET E E I-' ~ - - II893. Jan. 27, Jas. G. Blaine died. Jan. 27, fire in the brick row whic:h did considerable damage. Feb. 22, The Monongahela St. Railway Company was chartered to, build a line 22 miles long. March 5, a bomb was thrown down the escape pipe of Jones Catsburg mine which went into the cylinder and exploded bursting the cylinder into, pieces. April ii, The name Monongahela City was changed to M\oonongahela by the Post Master General. June I3, Mark Borland, Esq. died. Aug. 9, a disastrous fire in the Gamble Opera House. Oct. 30, Col. Sam. B. Bentley died. I894. March, Ig,'Dr. Chas. A. Scott died..April 24, A carved stone weighing 2,000 lbs. was found out Peters Creek by Conductor Harry H. Bailey. Tbhe stone is now in possession of' Isaac Yohe. April 23, The old Staib store room on the South-east corner of Main St. was totally destroyed by fire. June 28, Win. Alexander died. July 25, One of the boilers of the Catsburg mine exploded and did a great deal of damage. August 5, The house on Chess St. below Twelfth owned by Carrie Baker of Venetio was burned down. Aug. 15, Mrs. Jennie~ McGregor died. Nov. 3, Major Morrison died. Nov. io, The first blowing in the Thos. Wightmanl Glass Factory was made at I2:30. Nov. I3, Jas. Warne died. Nov. I6th, I894. HOW GINGER HILL GOT ITS NAME. Ginger Hill, a small village on the Washington and Williamsport pike in southwester Nottingham, on the Carrol Line, has enjoyed a local habitation and name ever since the Whiskey Insurrection. On the night of Nov. I4th, I794, Robert Johnson, excise collector for Washington and Allegheny Counties, seized the still of Squire David Hamilton, who lived in site of the Ginger Hill Chapel. The squire was a shrewd Scotchman and pretended to be in no ways excited over the action of the Government Officials. It was a dark and disagreeable night and the road to Parkinsons Ferry (now Monongahela) being none the smoothest the officers were prevailed upon to remain under the hospitable roof of Hamilton. Around the glowing logs of the backwoods fire, Hamilton and his guests discussed the excise law, the conversation being enlivened by the oft-repeated draughts from "Black Betty" which had previously been "doctored" by Hamilton with a quantity of jamaica ginger. One by one the officers dropped from their chairs in the deep sleep of intoxication. Hamilton speedily gathered!his neighbors and taking the still and whiskey carried them many miles across the country to a place of safety. This action which now would be a serious matter was then regarded as a joke, and the place became known as "Ginger Hill." 250I895. DOCTOR OF ALCANTARA. Dramatis Personal. Jan. 23, D. Paracusus John Bealumont Senor Balthazar H. C. Hill Carlos, his son, W\. H. Arison Perez Porters C. Harry Landefeld Sancho M1\Iarcellus M\eredith Don Pomposo Algnazil C. Benson Robinson Donna Lucrezia Sarah Blanch Carson Isabella her daughter Katherine Austin Inez her maid Anorah Fleming Serenaders, Citizens, etc. Jan. 25, Mortrary Chapel in cemetery completed. Jan. 28, the heavy rains of Friday night followed by a cold snap turned the w'hole thoroughfares into a mass of ice and all day Saturday the streets were thronged with skaters. Feb. 6, A co-partnership has been formed by John J. Rankin, R. H. Robinson and C. R. Meridith to operate a steam laundry. Feb. I3, Mass Meeting held in council chambers for the purpose of taking such steps that deemed advisable to secure government control of the Monongahela slackwater. Feb. i6, A bill introduced in Congress authorizing the Pittsburgh, Monongahela and Wheeling railway Company to construct a bridge across the Monongahela at a point opposite Mononongahela. Feb. 28, the steamer, Bertha, the first boat since the ice freeze up, Jan. 3Ist, past to-day at 9 o'clock A. M. The ice measured about Io inches. March 4, Hotel Shepler changed hands, W. H. Miller being the new landlord. March 5, Dr. C. B. Wood addressed council on the advisibility of having a board of health. March 6, John M. Grable is having a large brick fireproof vault built in the rear of his office. March Ii, A foot race between Crawford Sarver, Has-no-Horses and Hock Payne took place on the street Saturday night, Sarver winning. March I4, Bill introduced into Legislature for the erection of a new proposed county of Monongahela. March 20, R. C. King died. March 26, The daily of this date gave a copy of an old township docket from I791 to I874. Among the names mentioned on it are Joseph and David Hamilton, John Irwin, Zeechra Figley, Aaron Williams, Leverton Thomas, Adam Wickerham. April I, Mass Meeting held in City Hall for the purpose of giving all aid possible to the new county bill. April I4, I895. A LAND MARK TORN DOWN. The house now being torn down by J. C. Htank, next to Keller's dry goods store uncovering the site for a new three story brick is one of the 251,oldest houses in the town. Dr. VanVoorhis says that on the 6th day of October, I805 when Ira Butler first came to Parkinson's Ferry he was stricken with paralysis from which he soon died leaving the family in great sorrow and among strangers. They rented the red house which then stood at the mouth of First St. but which now is gone having fallen in the river. Afterward the family moved into the house now being demolished, then, unfinished. The house had been built by Eisq. Daniel Depew and was finished by the Butlers. It is evident by the fact that in the original every piece of timber hewn and all the nails hand made. The finish of added work is plainly indicated by sawed pieces and cut nails. Nails were first cut in Pittsburg, I780 but about I8Io there was a hand machine for making nails over the creek and which the father of Win. Coulter used to operate at times. Noble Woodward was born in this house. It was bought at a sheriff's sale by Moses Scott, and the chain of title comes from Sheriff to Mr. Hank through its intermediate links. While demolishing the old foundation, workmen of the pick discovered an iron square made by hand of malleable iron. It was carefully laid between two stones and was rust eaten. As the house was built about the time that Dr. Pollock was master of the old first Masonic of this place, and during the hight anti-mason feeling it is not impossible that some zealous member of the mystic brotherhood must have hidden it there. Wm. Coulter who can -remember the town history for 70 years says that tbhis was an old house when he was a little boy. April i6, R. M. Clark died. May I4, Nelson building on Main St. was burned. June i, A. S. McConnel, a soldier in the Mexican War, died at his home in First Ward. June 6, The first movement for raising a fund for a town clock was started by charging admission to the High School Commencement. June I3, Bicycle road race from 2nd St. to Riverview and back. June I8, Hon. G. Lawrence arrived'home on his overland trip from Harrisburg. July 4, Big Bicycle Meet under direction of the Monongahela Cycle Club. Aug. 9, Supt. McGowan of Lock No. 4 threw three small kittens in the river just above the lock in order that they might go over the dam and be drowned. Several days later a large catfish was caught in the lock and McGowan congratulated himself on the fine meal he would'have. He took the animal home and on opening it the first thing he saw was his three little kittens. The fish was never cooked. Aug. I5, Barrel of molasses exploded in Skillen and Corrin's store. The two Jims were a sight. Sept. I7, Council voted to equip Monongahela with a fire alarm system. Sept. 27, Street car made its first trip up town about 5 P. M. Oct. 25, Jos. Parkinson Warne died. Nov. 4, Council adopted a resolution to light Main and Chess streets by electric light. Dec. i6, Harrison Bros. will add a new ice plant to their distillery. June 20, The original Jefferson College at Cannonsburg, was a log cabin which was built before the Revolutionary War. It was about 13 by I5 ft. with two small windows of greased paper, a loft, and was roofed with four tiers of clapboards on each side of the comb. 252I896. May I4, Explosion at Mongah Mine. June 22, Merchant bicycle race from 2nd street through Valley Inn and' return by the way of Mingo. July 28, Possibly the worst storm in the history of Monongahela swept over town Monday evening.-NotesA number of trees at Bellevidere were blown down. Four foot of water on the tracks near Dry Run. The wind loosened a corner of the roof on Wightmans Flattening house. The grand stand and about Ioo ft. of the fence at the Athletic r'-ar,i was blown over. Coal Valley Trestle was washed away. Railroad track from Catsburg to Black Diamond was badly washed out. Entrance to Catsburg Mine was flooded. Capt. Coulson's barn was demolished. I. S. Keeney lost five trees. July 3I, Monongahela visited by another hard storm which did considerable damage. 1897. Jan. I, Experimental test of Shick's flying machine in Wightman's Park. Jan. 2I, E. J. Kelly invented a double Ball Bearing system for Bicycles.. Jan. 22, S. P. Keller died. March 20, Mr. Edward Lewis died. Sept. 2, First Ward School Building dedicated. Sept. io, A fire at Landefeld's clothing store which resulted in a loss of $4,000. Nov. 2, Dr. Jas. J. Sloane died. Nov. 22, Benj. F. Manown died. I906. Nov. 2I, Mrs. Jane Stewart King died. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. One of the institutions that Monongahela can be justly proud of is that of the Young Men's Christian Association. Organized on January IIth, I9o4, it has been an active force for good in our city for the past four years. Rev. L. W. Warren, formerly pastor of the Ist Presbyterian' church, was instrumental in showing the need of such an organization. After surmounting many difficulties and discouragements the efforts of those interested in such an undertaking were crowned with success and on October IIth, I904, handsomely equipped quarters were opened in the Towner building. The first permanent organization consisted of the following men: Theodore M. Byers, president; Wm. T. Corrin, vice president; Wm. I. Jones, treasurer; and James C. Dodd, recording secre253tary. The above officers served for two years and were succeeded by the following officers who are serving at the present time: Frank Bebout, president; Lewis N. Yohe, first vice president; Wilhelm F. Alten, second vice president; John F. Cooper, treasurer and Harry H. Williams, recording secretary. Our business men deserve great credit in the establishing of this good work in the city and the interest manifested in the past four years. Hon. J. B. Finley, Mr. Joseph A. Herron, and John H. Jones aided considerably in the equipping of the rooms. A call was extended to W. T. Wertz of Greensburg, Pa. to accept the General S?ecretaryship for the promoting of the work. The Association is in a flourishing condition at the present time with a membership of two-hundred and twenty-five men and a large boy's department, also a Ladies' Auxilliary of one-hundred and twenty-five ladies, all of wide-awake to their great opportunity. Following are a few of the many departments of work being carried on successfully: Educational work, for English and foreign speaking men. (Classes in common branches, book-keeping, trignometry, mining, etc., taught byv skilled teachers. Welfare of young men carefully looked after in the shape of employnient, boarding houses, etc. Physical department for the health of Noung men, gymnasium classes, tennis courts, etc. Industrial work in the shape of monthly mining institutes, etc. and chief of all the religious work, shops meetings conducted during the winter at the various shops at the noon hour, when the simple gospel is given to the busy workingmen. iSunday afternoon men's meetings, bible classes, etc. This institution is indispensable to our city and thei-e is a favorable outlook for a handsome new Y. M. C. A. building in the near future to foster the boys brigade, the entertainment course, the night school, etc. that has been crowded out of the building for lack of space and have been held in othler halls. FAMILIAR NAMES: ALEXANDER WILSON. Was born July 7, I8o7 and died June I4, I862. He came to this City in 1845, where he engaged in Merchandising and gradually extended his business until he became the largest dealer in the country in wool, grain, flour and produce. He also opened and operated the coal mine at the mouth of MIingo Creek, employing from Ioo to I30 men. iHe was among the first that undertook to tow coal to Cincinnati by steam, having- built the side wheel steamer, "Alexander Nelson". The machinery on this boat was afterwards placed on the steamer Milingo, a stern wheel boat. In 18,56 he located at Heyworth, Ill., and built and operated with others one of the largest flour mills in the country. MOSES SCOTT. Died on MIarch 5, I891. He was born in the old'Scott farm house on M ingo Creek, Oct I2, I8o9, where he lived till 1850 when he moved to Mionongahela. Was a member of the Mingo Church and the First Baptist of this city. During a portion of his life in this city he carried on a Mercantile business, and served as Justice of the Peace, for 5 years. 254DR. GEO. E. LYTLE. Died Mar. 6, I89I in his 35th year. Was educated at W. J. College, read MI'edicine under Dr. Linn and graduated from the Jefferson Mledical College in I876. He entered the ioth Reg. N;. G. P. as hospital steward and reached the rank of Major and surgeon of the Tenth. He had the honor of being chief marshall in the MiVechanics parade in this city of July 4th, I889. JOHN S. WILGUS. Passed his early life in Perryopolis and after receiving a liberal education, followed clerking and merchandising. In I873 he was appointed Postmaster in Brownsville. He came to this city in I88o and started a grocery store, which business he followed until I890o when he discontinued this business and was elected alderman and held this position until his death. JOHN FLETCHER NICHOLSON. Was born Apr. 21, I851 in Union Township, Washington Co. He came to Monongahela in 1872 and opened a jewelry and music store.,Mir. Nicholson was identified with many public offices serving as City Treasurer for two terms, was mayor, Postmaster, etc. He was a worker in the:MIethodist Church, Sabbath School and held many offices in the different local lodges. He died July, I899. CAPT. RICHARD SPARKS COOPER. Died Nov. I2, I857 in his 47th year. He served in the army for 5 years, having a very good record throughout that time. Served during the Black Hawk Indian War and was wounded having the bridge of his nose broken and nearly all his teeth knocked out. On his return home he was elected Capt. of the Jackson Guards. He twice volunteered in the M'Iexican War, and was wounded in his sword arm and lost the use of a finger. His funeral was escorted to the cemetery by the M.ononmahela Artillery.. --i AIL E... BEA Born. anuary 31, 1819 Eas.t Bloomfield, N.Y., moved to Monongahel....... co. ie died Nov. 13. 190. 255ROBERT McFARLAND. Lived at Bath Mills on Pigeon Creek, later known as the VanVoorhis homestead. He manufactured salt in the works now gone, which stood below the old spring house. It was of the artesian nature and with one exception it was the only salt works in the Country. Died in I835 and was buried in the old graveyard on the hill. Robert McFarland and Isaac VanVoorhis cast the only two votes in Fallowfield Township for Adams in I824. JAMES and R. McGREW. Were citizens in the town before i8I6, and carried on a hatters business on, the corner now occupied by the Odd Fellows building. They made wool and fur hats for the whole surrounding country, buying rabbits skins at 8 cents. apiece and remodeled them into (Merry Widow) hats. E,MANUEL KELLER. Born Nov. I4, I832 in Bedford Co., receiving most of his education in the schools of Monongahela. in his early life he worked as cabin boy on river boats running to New Orleans. In I852 he entered the grocery business in this city, conductinig it for eleven years, when he sold out and entered the foundry, staying for several years and finally purchasing a dry goods store with his, brother, which business he was engaged till his death. JAMES NEEL. Born Sept. 2,5, I8I7. At the age of I6 he began to learn the carpenter trade and followed that business for some time in Pittsburg. Later in company with his brother, he started in the coal business, on the opposite side of the river just below McKIeesport.,He afterwards purchased a saw-mill in that town, on the present site now occupied by,Wood Rolling Mill, remaining there forfifteen years. In I870 he entered into business at this place with Perry A. Fos-- ter. He died July 24, 1892, leaving an estate valued at about $500,000. JAMES GORDON. Arrived in town in I8Io and at that time there was not a house belowFourth Street. He was the first Presbyterian in town helping to build the old church on the hill; was first collector for the congregation; established the first: Sunday School; was ordained elder in I835 and remained one for 40 years. He held office of Justice of the Peace until the constitution of I838, he having been appointed by Gov.'Snyder. After the passing of this law, he was elected by thepeople to serve 5 years, and again in I850 which made 35 years in this office. Was elected Associate Judge in I845 and served 5 years. He first lived in a loghouse that stood on the site where the McGregor building now stands.,Was interested in a tanyard and mercantile business in this city, a trustee of Jefferson College from I825 to I843, acted, as Deputy iSheriff and during his term conveyed on horseback thirty-three convicts to Philadelphia at an expense ofnearly $400 each trip. JESSE MARTIN. Died May 27, I848. He was elected elder of the Old Church on the hill in I8I6, was one of the committee appointed to select a site for a new church, which was afterwards built and which is now used as a tenement house, cor.. 256of Chess St. and Church Alley. Mr. Martin was Postmaster for many years, being the successor of George Wythe and was succeeded by W. S. Mellinger in I84I. He lived in an old house on Main, below Second, which later was replaced by the James C. Scott, building. ABE UNDERWOOD, JAMES BLYTHE, W. I. JONES. ELIAS WATSON. Came to this locality shortly after I8oo and lived here until his death in I834. He in connection with James IMills, built the old steam mill on the opposite side of the river from the mouth of Pigeon Creek. RICHARD STOCKDALE. Died on the 20oth of January I889 in his 74th year. He letrned the trade of tanner with Alexander Williams and in I843 he leased the ground and opened a tan yard on the site now occupied by residence and ground of the Shepler estate on 4th Street. In I850 he purchased the James Gordon tannery on IMain Street, which he operated until I877, he then engaged in the coal trade until i88i when he retired from active business. (Was a member of the Methodist Church and one of the building committee for the present building. ISAAC SHELBY CRALL. Born Nov. I9, I8216 at Bellevernon, Pa. VWas raised and educated in Monongahela, at the age of 26 he went to New York and there took a Steamer for California, but on Feb. 27, I852 the Steamer was wrecked off the Mexican Coast. He remained in that country six weeks and then proceeded again by water to his destination. On arriving he was engaged as superintendent of the American Hydraulic Mines. He held this position for 24 years, in the course of which time he made six ocean trips and two by overland route. On his final return home in I873 he started in the green house business which he continued until his death on Feb. I4, I90I., Mr. Crall was one of the first to blast stone under water. 257REV. JAMES McCLOSKEY MAXWELL. Was born near N,ew Cumberland, Va. Aug. I, I837. He went to school at Cumberland, Ohio and also at Miller's Academy, Washington, Ohio. He graduated in I86o from Washington College, spent two years at the-W'estern Theological iSeminary and in I863 graduated from MIcCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago. On Oct. 26, I863,'M;r. Maxwell married Miiss Gertrude A. Appleget of Heightstown, N. J. They made two trips to Europe, in I877 and I88o-8I. About I886 he became pastor of the Presbyterian church of this place, where he stayed until I90'2. Mr. Maxwell died Nov. 13, I9o3. 9BW REAZEN FRYE. Was born July 5, I821 on the old homestead at Lock Four. He attended the old log cabin school and assisted in clearing the pioneer farm. After his marriage in I845 he settled on a farm of i6o acres, located one mile from Monongahela River, in Fallowdfield Township. He afterwards purclhised a tract of land of 143 acres in Carroll Township, to which he moved in I874. Mrs. Reazen Frye's father, John Eckles was reared in Chester County, coming t6 Monongahela and for some time followed teaming from Philadelphia westward, after which he learned the carpenter trade and cabinet maker, which he carried on in Monongahela, as well as "the. Undertaking business. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 under AMaj. Warne. ROBERT BIDDLE PATTERSON. Born Nov. I6, I845. After attending school he learned the tanner's trade which he followed but a short time. He then taught school for five years and finally opened a General Store in Greensburg, where he stayed until I88o, when he moved to M!onongahela and purchased the Grocery Store of Geo. Scott and conducted that business until 1892. He next became interested in Graham Foundry, where he stayed for several years and left to act as manager for' Coal Company stores, which position he held till his death on March 12, I9o05. Mr. Patterson was a member of' the Presbyterian Church and was one of its leading workers. THOMAS HUDSON W'ILLIAMS. Was born Aug. 8, I834 in Carroll Township, received his education at a private school in the city, also Duff's Business College of Pittsburg. In I852 he sailed from New York via Cape Horn for California, where he worked in the mines for two years. In 1858 he returned to Pennsylvania and after locating in several different cities, he returned to Monongahela in I875 and purchased the farm that still bears his name. He served one term as:Mayor of our city, was a prominent worker in' our Public School and an influential' member of the Presbyterian Church. He died June II, I89I. DR. ALEXANDER HARVEY HOUSTON. Died July I6, I893 in his 34th year. Was a graduate of the Union School, Washington, W. J. in I882, Philadelphia Diental College and later took a post graduate course at Ann Arbor. He came to Monongahela in I886 and served as Mayor of this city in I890-I892. 258MAIN ST., MONONGAHELA. CU C..245 MAIN STREET, MONONGAHELA PA. CORRIN CORRIN THE LARGEST RETAIL GROCERY IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA If it is something good to eat you are looking for, we have it. FANCY AND STAPLE GROCERIES, CALIFORNIA FRUITS AND COUNTRY PRODUCE OF ALL KINDS THE BEST THE MARKET PRODUCES BELL PHONE IO-L GIVE US A CALL T. S. McCurdy. P. S. McCurdy. T. S. McCurdy Son Established 1877. Sole Agents for the Celebrated De Voe Paint; Prizer Olive Stoves and Ranges for Gas and Coals Reznor Heating Stoves ithat add a cheer as well as warmth to the room. Rochester Nickle Silver Ware. White Line of Washers for electric and water mo!tors and hand power. Oliver Chill Plow, the plow that stands the test. Clauss Line of Guaranteed Cutlery. Horseshoe Brand of Clothes Wringers, guaranteed for one to five years. In addition to above we also handle standard makes of pumps, farm implements, and everything in the hardware line. oMONONGAHELA. ITS PRESENT AND FUTURE, By H. R, Campbell. There is a pretty legend of a southern river that whoever drinks of its waters will sooner or later return to its banks, even though he may go away to foreign shores. Though its lore is enriched by no such myth, it would seem that all those who one day called Monongahela home, return to live again, for one brief moment at least, the days of yore. The lure of its hills is too enticing and the welcome that always awaits the wanderer is beyond resisting. If I were asked to name that for which Monongahela is most noted, I should say "its good citizens". Wherever life is lived they have played their parts, borne their burdens, and made their sacrifices. They have faced the foe in'every struggle for their country's honor, and have yielded their lives in distant lands that the flag might encircle the world. A M!onongahela captain gave the first command ever given United States troops to fire on a foreign foe in their own land, and as the answering volley rang out from the rifles of Monongahela soldiers, their country took its place among the great world powers. Of such sturdy stock is Monongahela made. It is small wonder, then, that the call of the town is always answered, and those who know it best deem it the greatest privilege to call it their home. Monongahela is a solid community. It has no specialty. Its mercantile affairs are as widely scattered as the avenues of business, and its diversified industries have built up a substantial structure that no panic has seriously shaken. It has the only paper mill in Western Pennsylvania, the only pit lamp factories in the valley, the only operating window glass plant in the county, and it is the only town of its size in the United States boasting two macaroni factories. Its haulage machinery is sold wherever coal is mined and its coal boats and barges are seen fram Mborgantown to. New Orleans. Truly for a small town, it plays a big part in the industrial world. Its transportation facilities are unrivaled. For freight and passengers it has the Monongahela river, the,Monongahela division of the Pennsylvania railroad, the Monongahela and Washington railroad; and a free bridge, an advantage enjoyed by no other town in the valley, leading to the MlcKeesport and Bellevernon division of the Lake Erie system. For passengers alone, it has half hour trolley service to P'ittsburg, and to up-river towns, and is within twenty minutes of the Baltirore and Ohio's western lines. For fuel, it still has 68 acres of coal in the city limits, and the hills around it are filled with- an almost inexhaustible supply. It has' three gas companies controlled by local capital, and two others whose big mains go through the town. This may explain why gas is ten cents a thousand feet, though modern political economists of certain schools, would have you believe that trusts and combinations reduce prices. The mercantile business of Monongahela last year amounted to $I,I27,845.00, distributed among I45 merchants. No, other town of its size, in the county, reached these figures, and no other town in the county, regardless of 260size, averaged so much business to each mercantile house. Its citizens have over $2,500oo,ooo.0o on deposit in the three local banks, and pay taxes to the state on nearly a million more. The assessed valuation of its real estate, subject to taxation, in I908, is $2,435,485.oo; its horses and cattle are valued at $24,230.0o; and the occupations of its male residents at $I9o,ooo.oo, making a total assessed valuation of $2,649,730.0o. It has 2,062 resident taxabl2s; I,4I7 school children, between the ages of six and sixteen; and I,502 voters registered under the personal registration act, the only town in the county entitled to the benefits of this reform law. It has I,I73 citizens, between the ages of twenty-one and forty-five, qualified for military duty, and a whole lot more that would become twenty-one over night, if the country called for volunteers. Monongahela might justly be called a city of churches. It has averaged one new church building a year for the last four years, a record without a parallel in the county, and probably in Western Pennsylvania. It has over $325,ooo.oo invested in church property by eleven different denominations, each of whichl is active and progressive, steadily adding to its roll of membership. in addition to these, there are several congregations as yet unable to own buildin(.s of tljeir own, but are rapidly progressing in that direction. The local branch of the Young Mens Christian Association is an effective organization, working out much good. It is an'able, active and efficient force in its chosen field, not only taking advantage of every occasion to advance its principles, but Inaking opl)ort;nities for its good work. Probably no other town in tlle whole state all sliow such a mnagnificent record of religious progress, all of it ina,le without blare of trumpets or clang of cymbals. Social and fraternal organizations are numerous in Monongahela and represent the best development of this important phase of American. life. The Odd Fellows' building is one of the most imposing structures in the town, owned without incumbrance by the local lodge. Other orders, perhaps equally wealthy, have not thought it advisable to invest their surplus in buildings of their own, but have long term leases on desirable quarters, several of them fitted up in a most luxurious manner. The benefits anriually disbursed by these organizations make a staggering total, and the good accomplished is impossible of accurate estimation. Monongahela women have worked in harmony with these fraternities, organizing auxiliaries in many cases. In fact the women have played an important part in the social and material progress of the town. Their greatest work was in connection with the M,emorial hospital, which institution probably owes its existence to the untiring efforts of Monongahela women. The Friday Conversational club is a women's organization of more than local celebrity. It is an important factor in the Federation of Women's clubs and its local work along the line of civic betterments has been a distinct advantage to the community. Its efforts towards making the town more beautiful by offering prizes for pretty lawns and by the gift of drinking fountains and watering troughs, have had a marked influence for the improvement of civic conditions. The MIothers' club is another women's organization occupying a field peculiarly its own. Its active encouragement of everything that makes for the improvement of conditionis surrounding childhood, and its demonstrated ability to get what it wants in the way of legislation from the city fathers, mark it a power in Monongahela affairs. The curfew law is due to their efforts, and the curfew bell is wholly their own triumph. Monongahela is represented in the National Guard by an excellent company ranking high in efficiency. It has a division of the Army of the Philippines, and a camp of the Sions of Veterans. However, its chief military pride is justly centered in the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic. There is 261nothing in \/Ionongahela too good for Post 6o, and the esteem in which its members are held is true and sincere, straight from the heart. The soldiers' lot in the cemetery is unexcelled in quiet appropriateness by any similar plot in the western part of the state, and the cemetery itself is admittedly the most beautiful one along the river. With the building of the.new school house in the Third ward, -Monongahela will take its proper rank in school facilities. Its educational advantages have always been in keeping with its progressive spirit and politics have little or nothing to do with the management of its school affairs. The Chamber of Commerce has been an active force in the town's advancement. To its efforts may be attributed the freeing of the river bridge, thereby saving to the citizens of the community over $I5,ooo.oo in annual tolls. The tuberculosis station, established by the state, is already doing excellent work, and its efficient direction assures greater results in the future. What of the future? The next five years will witness a street car line to Donora, and another one out Pigeon creek. They will see a magnificent nlew bridge across the river, taking the place of the present structure. The Dry Run road, already under construction will have been completed at a cost of nearly $40,00o.00o, and the link connecting it with the paved streets will have been built by the city. The road between Mlonongahela and Donora will also have been improved, and the pike to Washington been rebuilt. In addition the state will probably be at work on the improvement of the Pigeon creek road towards Bentleyville. This can all be readily foreseen but no prophet can penetrate the mysteries beyond this period. It is safe to predict that the improvements already mentioned will further awaken the civic pride of the community and result in the projection of many additional advantages. Among the probable requirements of the state health department, in the near future, may be a garbage furnace and a sewage disposal plant, both expensive, but each adding untold benefits to the community in the lives they will save and the sickness they will prevent. WINTER SCENE ON SECOND STREET, MONONGAHELA, 262It is also not beyond the range of probability that the next generation may see a mammoth water system bringing fresh, pure, sparkling water, clear as crystal, direct fromn the mountains, to be used for domestic purposes, the present systems being still mailitained for fire protection, street cleaning and other sanitary purposes. If the future generations are wise, they will acquire River hill, from the bridge to Dry Rln, reforest it, and make it a public park.:MAonongahela with a sun baked hill, denuded of trees, so close to its limits, may be a different place from a comfortable point of view, and all the advantages the town now possesses as a city of modest homes, may be lost through lack of foresight on this one important question. It is safe, though, not to worry about Monongahela's future. The problems of the past have been met and solved by a conservative citizenship, and the future will be faced with the same progressive, intelligent judgment. The present generation is building for the future, just as the present was made possible for them by their sturdy old forefathers. The pride of race, the longing to build strong and true, the full realization of the responsibilities of the present, and the determination to be faithful to every trust, assures to Monongahela a future more brilliant than its past, a city rich with the promise of greater things to come. FANTASTIC PARADE NEW YEARS, 1908. This is one of Monongahela's annual events and is becoming more popular every year. 263FRYE REUNION AT ELDORA PARK,' AUGUST, 1906,POPULATION OF OUR TOWN. I8Io--500. I87-I0o78. I83o--600. I88--29o4. I840-752. I89o-4065. I850--977. I9gc-5283. I86--999. 1908 I2,782. CHURCHES OF MONONGAHELA. I786-Presbyterian. I8i21-Methodist Episcopal. I833--Cumberland Presbyterian. I833-Wesleyan Methodist. I834-A. M. E. i86o-First Baptist. Ir863--Protestant Episcopal. I865L-Roman Catholic. Church of Transfiguration. I869i--Lutheran. 1882-Second Baptist (colored). i889--Christian Church. I904-St. Anthony's Halia R. C. Church. I9o5-United Presbyterian. NEWSPAPERS OF THE TOWN. Williamsport Chronical--I8I3. Village Informant--I8,I8, published by Joseph Celingan. Pennsylvanian--I8i8, by John Bausman. Williamsport Patriot--I833, by John Bausman. M!onongahela Patriot--I834, by Samuel G. Baily and John W. Hammond. Carrol Gazette--I838.,Neutral Grounds-I84I, by John McNeal. Daily Republican-I848, by S,olomon Alter, Owned and edited by the Hazzards since I855. Valley Record I876, by William Boggs. Mlonongahela Dlemocrat--I892. Monongahela Times--I9o2. FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF PART OF THE BOATS BUILT AT THIS PLACE PREVIOUS TO i852. Celara--248 tons. Lewcon-94 tons. Ambassador-367 tons. M)ay Queen-68 tons. Colorado--go ton. New York -287 tons. Durnal-I99 tons. Salem-I49 tons. Cleopatra-I52 tons. Trenton--I44 tons. Esquimox-297 tons. Verogna-92 tons. Hartford--I44 tons. Jas. Watt-79 tons. Lookout-i.76 tons. Young America-I27 tons. Frank Keeling--I5 tons. 265PEOPLE OF MON(ONGAHELA, WHO HE LPED TO RULE OUR COUNTRY. Aaron Kerr was elected to! the Legislature, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention, in I8'38. G. V. Lawrence was elected to the Legislature, State Senate, Speaker in I863, elected to Congress, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention in I872. O. B. McFadden was elected to the Legislature in I843. John Storer in I842. Jess,Martin in 184I. Jacob Cort was a representative in I847-48. Dr. J. S. Van Voorhis represented us in I857. J. B. Finley was a member of the House. T. R. Hazzard was a member of the Constitutional Convention. James Gordon and Samuel Hill were associated Judges. Thos. H. Baird and Ianthus Bentley served as District Attorneys. The last person to represent us is Hon. Chas. A. Bentley, who is a memrbe of the State Assembly. NAMES OF SOME OF OUR POSTMASTERS. Joseph Parkinson, W. S. Mellinger, W. C. Robison, Adam Hailman, J. W. Smith, John Holland, Mr. White, W. J. Markell, J. F. Nicholson, Geo. Wythe, R. M. Clark, Mrs. S,ue Nicholson, Jesse Martin, Chill Hazzard, Dewitt Parkinson. Jas. H. Moore, MONONGAHELA INDIAN. FOOT-BALL TEAM, 1902. 266The above page contains photograp,hs of members of the well known Jones family, who have within the past fifteen years become such important factors in th'e development of the coal fields of Western Pennsylvania. All of the above members are still living except William I. Jones, who died in Mono,ngahela, November, I905. At'the'. present; time' the Messrs. Jones,:through the Pittsburg-Buffalo; Company, are actively engaged in the development of the immense coal deposits in southern Washington county, at the town of Marianna, where the largest coal shafts in the world are located. 267BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Abatti, Victor (Store)....224 WV. Mlain St. Abatti, Victor (.Store)........................................ W.................................224... M. Abatti, Victor (Warehouse)...............................21 Park Ave. Abbot Hotel........West Monongahela Adamins Express Company......................................................................100 Second St. Adams, Joe...131 W. Main St. Adams, Annie (Fruit)........................................................................531 E. Main St. Aikins Photographic Studio....................................................210 E. Main St. Alexander Co. (Bankers)............................300-304 W. Main St. Allen, Dr. J. W....... 460 W. Main St. Alten, W. F. (Real Estate Insurance)..................................................406 W. Main St. American Express Co......................................................................108 Second St. American Window Glass Co....................................................................New Eagle Anderson, Thlos. (Tailor)................................................................251 W. Main St. Anton Bros. (Pit LamD Factry).................................... R.... Sts. Anton, C. S. (Pit Lamp Factory)............................... Finley St. Atlantic Refining Co..............................7..... th R. R. Sts. Barbaro, Chas. (Fruit Dealer)............................................................903 W. Main St. Barnett, J. C. (Harness Maker)......................................... 157 W. Main St. Batch, Stephen (Barber Shop)................................................................112 Second St. Beazel, Wm. (Milk Dealer)...................................Williamsport Pike. Bealer, O. C. (Upholster)..............................140 E. ain St. Bebout, Frank (Furniture Undertaking)........................... 207 W. Main St. Benson's Cafe...................................219 W. Main St. Bergmann Millinery.10 W. Main St. Bianchi, S. (Fruit Dealer)................................................... 257 W. Main St. Biddle, Dr. T. J.............515 W. Main St. Billick, Dr. H. T.......................................450 W. Main St Black Diamond Eng. Co............... Hazzard Blaker, Carl (Barber)......................................103 Second St. Blankenbuehler, W. J...............................................444 W. Main St. Bonacci, Jas................................................................................103 W. Main St. Borland, C. D. (Shoe Store)..............................................................313 W. Main St. Borland, M. Sons (Dry Goods).................................341-343 W. Main St. Boston Clothing Shoe Store...................................00 W. Main St. Boyer, Chas. (Grocer).......................................................................107 Fourth St. Brooks, Joseph (Barber)...............................................114 Second St... Bryan, Joseph (Ald erman)..............................Cor. Park Ave. Main St. Byers, R. E. (Drug Store)........................................... Main St. Byers, T.. (Dry Goods)..................................................................321 W. Main St. Calvert, S. R......................... Park Ae. Campi, E..............................................................................13.......... Campi, E...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~133 W. Main St. Cancilla, Salvatore.................................................i........................505 W. Main St. Cancilla; Santo (Barber)..................................................................113 W. Main St. Cappell Fan Eng. Co...........................................h R... Sts. Carlisle, Miss (Millinery).............................. 31 W. Main St. Carnegie Library......................................Third St. Carroll, Isaac (Blacksmith).....................................................210 F.ourth St. Catlin, William (Barber)...147 W. Main St. C. D. P. Tel. Co...................................................................24-27 Alexander Bldg. Cerutti, G..................................................................................223 W. Main St. City Music Rooms.......................................................................310 W. Main St. City Hall...Chess St. Chelminski, Stanley................................767 E. Main St. Chessrown, D. T. (Grocer)................................................................420 W. Main St. Cocain, Chas. (Hauling)...................................................................McGregor Bldg. Cocain, lMrs. E. J................ R R. St. Collins Bros. (Wall paper, Pictures Photograph Gallery)....166-168 W. Mlain St. Corrin Corrin (Grocers).............................................................322-324 W. Main St. Coshocton Iron W orks................................................................................... Cowan, A. B. (Clothier).................................................................... 315 W. Main St. Crall, I. S. Co. (Store)....................................................253 W. Main St. Crall,. S... Co. (Green House) Crystal Pharmacy... W. Main Davey, John (Grocer).................................................................... aln St. Day, A. R. (Alderman)...W. Main St. Deyore, H. C. (Hardware).........................201 W. Main St. Dewalt's Barber Shop....................................................................165 W. Main St. Dewalt, W. (Grocer)................................................................... 602 Chess St. Dowe rat' BrosberH rdwarp................................................................31 W. Man S.. Downer, W. S. (Plumber).....................................................................110 Second St. Dunlevy, Dart (Milk Dealer)...S...................helby St. Eagle Pool Room.............................153 E. Main St. lwood, R. L.i (Alderman').....................................104 Second St. Fiarqnhar, Dr. R. C.................................,,,,,,,.~3141 W. Main St. wauble, Joe (Clothier).....................................................................222 W. Main St. Federhaar, B..........................................................~..........123 W. Main St. First National Bank................................... W. Main St. 268Forsythe, B. F. (Shoe Dealer)............................................................234 W. Main St. Foster, E. A. (Alderman).....218 E. Main St. Fry, Chas. A. tTobacco Store)...................................301 W. Main St. Gamble, D. E. (Store)........................................................................1 4 Fo rh S. Gamble, D. E. (Store)..114 Fourth St. Gamble, D. E. (Warehouse)..............R... St. Gardner Photography Studio...............................................................213 Second St. Gee MVarble Co.........................................................................13 1 4 E. M i St 130-134 E. Main St. Gem Thea tr e............................................................................ G247 W. Main St. George, Sam (General Store)..............................................................105 W. ain St. Glen Elk Hotel..E. Main St. Glen Elk H otel...............................................................................E. M i St Goldstein's Bee Hive Store.................227 W. Main St. Goldstein, Ben (Fruit Store)...131 W. M.ain St. Grant, Dr. Lida..................................461 W. Main St. Graves, Dr. C. T.............202 Fourth St. Gregg, A. ia. (Hardware).................................177 W. Main St. Grundhoffer, Jos. (Musician)........................6 W. Main St. Guttodoro, Chas.......................................................................... Second St. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~22Guttodoro, Theo..214 Second St. Hank Bros. (Meat Market).................................... 252 W. Main St. Hank Bros. (Ice Plant Cold Storage)..... Main St. St. Hanlon, C. C. (City Engineer).........................................................237 W. Main St. Hartland, E. W. (Electrical Eng.)..............245 W. Mlain St. Hays, Dr. G. K...................................E. Main St. Hazzard, Vernon (Attorney)...........................W. Main St. Hayden, Harry (Ice).............................................Second R. R. Sts. Hayward, Jas. Son............................................................................ R. St. Hepler, Lee (Liveryman).................................. R. R.. St. fleslep, Chas. (Oil Driller)..E. iMain St. Hill Shipe (Boots Shoes).........................203 W. Main St. Hilton, A. J. (Barber).303 WP. Main St. Hodgson, A. J. (Barber).....................................E. Main St. Hogsett Bros. (Druggists) Egne)...........233 W. Main St. Hoon, J. D. (Real Estate)....................................................Alexander Bldg. Hoppmann, A. (Bakery)....206 W. Main St. Hotel Beatty D..W. M.'ain St. Hotel Commercial..Fourth Maain Sts. Hotel Lazzari.......................................-................111 Second St. Hotel Main........... Main St. ideal Theatre..119.121 W. Mlain St. Independent.. Brewing Co.........R. R. St. Isaac, Wi. H. (Marble Wors)ain St. Leaver, A. H....................1................... 533 Park Ave. Landefeld, H. (Men's Furnishers)....235-27 W. Alain St. Landefeld, Fred (Costumer)....................................... R St. Langendorf, J. M. (Jeweler)............................-..214 WV. Main St. Lazzari Bros. (Macaroni Factory)..226-230 Chess St. Lin, Dr. C. F..........................................Alexander Bldg. Lin, Geo. T. (Druggist).............................................................. 30 W. Main St. Liggett Spring Axle Co. Lowstetter, H. A... E. Mlain. Manhattan Cafe.................................316 W. Main St. Mason, C. H. (Grocer)..10......................................06 Fourth St. Marini, Ottavio (Books)...S................................... Bridge St. Markell, W. T (Tobacco Store)...........................................................223 W. Main St..223 W MainSt. Martin's Pool Room................................................................ Main St. Meredith, C. R. (Funeral Dir.)..W. Main St. Meredith, Dr. M. R. (Dentist)......................First Nat'l Bank Bldg. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.................................................................237 W. Main St. Monongahela Bottling Works....................Park Ave. Monongahela Butter Co.................................................................... Third St. Monongahela Carpet Co........................................................................... M onongahela Casting Co................................................................................... Monongahela Clay Mfg. Co... 20 Alexander Bldg. Monongahela City Trust Co.................................176 W. Miain St. Monongahela City Water Co.................................... 305 W. Main St. Mfonongahela Fish Mlarket...................................212 Fourth St. Monongahela House....115 Second St. MONONGAHElLA HOME COMING OIFFICE.........................229 W. Main St. Monongahela Ice Cream Co.....213 Third St. Monongahela Meat Market.................21............... 232 Third St. Monongahela Memorial Hospital.......................................................................... lonongahela Pharmacy.......................................................155 Wr. Main St. Monongahela Pressing Co...................................314 WV. Main St. Monongahela Republican.......Post Office Bldg. Monongahela Retail Coal Yard......................................... Fifth R. R. Sts. Monongahela Sugar Bowl.......................................................... 307 W. Main St. Monongahela S. P. a. Co......................................................... Fifth R. R. Sts. Monongahela Sample Shoe Co.................................... I.......147.149 W. Mlain St. Monongahela Times............................................................................. Monongahela Valley Furniture Exchange...418 W. Main St. Murphy, Dr. G. H.........................................................446 WV. Main St. Myers Raible (Plumbing).....................214 Fourth St. McAllister, A. T. (Liveryman)...223 Chess St. McBride, Miss E. (Millinery)...........................25 W. Main St. McCallister, W. C. (Druggist).............................204 W. Main St. McCullough (Shoe Store)..131 W. Main St. McCurdy. T. S. Son (Hardware)...243 5W. Main St. - -210 W. I fain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~St. McGregor, W. Sons (Clothiers)............................ 2..0-210 W.. lain St. McGough, Miss (Millinery)... 100 W. Main St. McIlvain, Dr.. S. (Dentist)..............................................McGregor Bldg. MeIlvain, Vance and Gibson (Attorneys)..........256 W. Main St. McKtinley, H...........................................................211 Secoin St. 269The compilers of this magazine wish to express their acknowledgments to all who have furnished material in any way whatsoever, in,the way of historical sketches, of data furnished, and for the loan of various publications, which lhave been of inestimable value to the committee in the preparation of this work. For many of the historical features of this book we are indebted to the following publications: Crumrine's History of Washington County. Creigh's History of Washington County. Kaufman's History of Western Pennsylvania. Commemorative Records and Biographies of Washington County. Dr. J. S. Van Voorhis' History of Old and New _MIonongahela. Monongahela Anniversary Book.:-i Monongahela Valley Directories of I84I, i86o, 90oo. Files of the Daily Republican and private diaries. For data we are indebted to the following named persons: Dr. J. S. VanVoorhis, Mr. iGeorge Keller, Mrs. Letitia Sampson, Capt. David Longwell, Mrs. M'. Lenore'Sutman, Mtrs. Wmin. Boggs, Miss M~illie Bentley, Miss Lizzie Lockhart, Lloyd E. Flint, John Corrin, DeVernon Hazzard, J. P. Taylor, David Woodward, Mrs. Harriet Moore, Boyd Crumrine, Esq., Lawrence Wood, George Anderson and Godfrey Downer. For illustrations:-To R. T. Wiley, F. G. Kennedy, The Daily Republican, The Monongahela Times, Alexander Co., and Boyd Crumrine, Esq. For sketches: -To R. T. Wiiley, of Elizabeth; Capt. Joseph T. Armstrong, of McKeesport; David Woodward, Mrs. James McCullough, Prof. R. G. Dean, Rev. W. F. McKee, M\Irs. M:. B. Hazzard, Miss Harriet Hazzard, Mrs. Wm. Boggs, Col. Joseph Dev. Hazzard, of Eustis,,Florida, Dr. J. S. VanVoorhis, Dr. P. M'. Wall, Joseph A. Herron, J. P. Taylor,'Boyd Crumrine, Isaac Yohe, Lloyd E. Flint, Harry Campbell, Dr. J. P. Niorman and John Cooper, San Francisco, Cal. To Roy Hoon for the design for the illustrated cover on this magazine, and to the many people who kindly loaned photographs from which many of the illustrations in this publication were made. Without the aid of these many friends this work would have been im-. possible, and the committee wishes to acknowledge its obligations to them all. Dr. W. P. Taylor, Chairman of Program Committee. 27McPherson, D. A. (Barber)................................................400 W. Main St. McPherson, Emmett (Barber)............................................ 206 Fourth St. Nagy, J. E. (Grocer)................................ 539 E. Main St. Naimie, Mike.............................................................................150 W. Main St.'National Pool Room.......W. Main St. Nickerson, Ben. (Meat Shop)...............................................204 Fourth St. Niederlander, Jos. (Con fectionery)..................................102 Second St. Nolder Brown (Grocery)...................................................1006 W. Main St. Noble Hotel............................................................West Monongahela. Oliver, Wm. (Grocery)...........................................................214 E. ain St. Pennsylvania R. R. Station................................................................. Pennsylvania R. R. Freight Office................................................... Pennsylvania R. R. Assistant Train Master's Office...................................................... Pennsylvania R. R. Miedical Examiner.......................................................27 W. Main. Peoples Meat Market....W. Main St. Peoples Store Co. (Grocery)..............................................101 E. Main St. Peterson, Geo. (Shoe Dealer).................................28........239 W. Main St. Pieper Keenan (Contractors)....................................601 R. R. St. Ping Poeg Gallery..........................................................................Markell Bldg. Pizzica, Nicola........................................ 39 Park Ave. Pollock, T. H. (Draftsman).....................................................1008 W. Main St. Post Office.............................................. Prudeitial Life Ins. Co..................................................S...... W. i St. Redeker's Studio...................442.........W. Main St. Reiner, F. (Harness. Maker).................................................... 215 Third St. Reynard, Edson (Meat, Market)...........................................................789 E. Main St. Richards,. Jos.. (Shoe MAaker)............... 604 Chess St. Richards Morton (Blacksmiths).........................401 Chess St. Robinson's Cafe................Alexander Bldg. Robinson, Frank (Dairy)........................................................................... Robinson, R. H. (Real Estate)....................242 W. Main St. Rocco, Frank (Shoe Maker)..............438 W. Main St. Sarver, John (Alderman)...............................................................148 E. Main St. Sato, Giospo.............................................................................543 E. Main St. Scott, 0. S. (Attorney).............................................................31 32 Alexander Bldg. Scott, Dr..............Markel Bldg. Scott, A. D. (Grocer).....................................................................215 W. Main St. Scurfield, John (Undertaker)............................................................174 W. Main St. Scurfield, Thos. (Livery).........................................................................Third St. Scurfield, John (Livery) Fou..................rth St. Seaman. E.. (Jeweler)......................................................08 W. Main St. Seng, H. F. (Horseshoer).............. E. Main St. Silverman, E. (Clothier)................................125 W. Main St. Silverman.. (Jeweler)................................................................19 W. Main St. Simmon's Foundry Mlachine Co...............................................................Shelby St. Slezak, ST H. (Meat Market)................................533 E. Main St. Solomon Co.................................................148 W. Main St. Spalla, Frank...........................................164 W. Main St. Stathers, Dr. Geo..(Dentist).............................2...............251 W. lVain St. Stephens Bros. (Lumber Dealers)........................................H...R. R. St. Stewart, Dr. R. V..........................................23 Alexander Bldg. Stuler, S. Son..104SanoSt Stuler, S. Son.....................................1024 Staunton St. Sumney, Jos. A. (Messenger)...............................................................244 W. Main St. Sutman, H. C. Co. (Bakery Confectionery).......................... W. Main St. Sutman, John (Shoe Dealer)................................173 W. Main St. Sutman, Mrs. Mi. Lenore (Miusical Instructor)..................................................508 Chess St. Taylor, Dr. W. P. (Dentist)....................W. Main St. Ternent, J. (Grocer)......................................................................406 E. Main St. Tonkovitch, Jos...........................................................................215 E. Main St. Towner, iMcIenna Co. (Dept. Store)................................................211-213 W. lain St. Trapin, F. (Fruit Stand)..........'....................... 115. Main St. Trimble, B. Co. (Grocery)................................ a....................15 E. Main St. Turner~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 Hal... Main St. Turner Hall.................................................................................. Main St. Turrie, Guy (Grocer)................... 624 W. ain St. Underwood. Dr. Frank....................................................................107 W. ain St. Underwood, F. F. (Hauling).................................................................108 Second St. Union Paner Mill Co............................. R. St. Valek, Johan (Grocery)............................ 332 E. Main St. Valiani, Angel o........................................163 W. Main St. Valley Supply Co. (112)................................ 229 E. Main St. Vazzana, Chas........................................................................... 503 W. Main St. Voice Publishing Co................Third St. Wall, Dr. Porter......................504 W. Main St. Wallace, Thos. (Harness Miaker)......................................1..........106 Second St. Warne, M. S. (Real Estate Insurance)...............................................Cor. Second Main Sts. Watson, Alfred (Jeweler).....................................................................202 W. Main St. West Penn Electric Co.....................................................Cor. Second Chess Sts. Western Union Tel. Co................ W. ain St. Westhafer, Dir............................................................................Landefeld Bldg. Weyghandt Gee (Tailors).............................................S............ Wolf, Thee. (Restaurant)..............................................................105-107 Second St. White Crawford (Pli mbers)...............418 W. Main St. Wright, W. H. (Blacksmith)....14..................... E. Main St. Wickerham Bros. (Meat Market)......................... 901 W. Main St. Williams, R. Son (Real Estate Ins.)....Aed...............................Alexander Bldg. Williams Sumney (Hauling).............................................................................. Williams Bros. (Tinners).........................................................................2nd Street. Willis, G. F. (Household Specialties)....43CesS.......................40 Chess St. Wise. Geo. (Meat Market)..........................................................145 E. Main St. Woolworth, F. N. Co. (5 10e store).....................................254 W. Main St. Wood, Dr. 0. B............................................. I... W Ma.nSt.... Wood, Dr. C. B.~~~~~~~~~~~~~...W. Main St. Y. M. C. A....................... Towner Bldg, 270Yee Wah Sing (Laundry)......................................208 Fourth St. Yohe, A. J. (Merchandise).............................................................. 408 W. Main St. Yohe Bros. (Iumber)............................................ 401 R. R. St. Yohe, Chas. N. Son...................................Third St. Yohe, Dr. E. L. (Dentist)...........................................21 22 Alexander Bldg. Yohe, Jos. N. (Meat larket)..............................................................225 W. Main St. Zimmer Bros. (Printing).............................301 W. Alain St. LEST WE FORGET. Thlat the carved stone on the west abutment of the bridge, which gives the names of all the people that w-, lkcd on the old covered bridge, should be secured and placed on a corner of the new third war(i schl-l building. NOTE-- lhE, illustration on page 67 of the Old Bentley House which was built by Samuel Black seems to afford a,' ~erence of opinion when it comes to settling the date when it was built. Mr. Black came to town in,;: and purchased a lot from Joseph Parkinson near First street, on which he erected a house and stor.mbined; as the old portion of this house is of logs and it is directly across the street from tbhe,. Parkinson house and we have no record of Samuel Black building any other house between 1793 and' it seems probable that this house was built at an earlier date. Several authorities claim that this was t; -)use where Albert Gallatin and the committee met to frame the resolutions on Aug. 14, 1794 which bronl.. about the en(ling of the'W"hiskey Insurrection. MARK BORLAND, Mark Borland was born Dec. 16, 1827. He went to school to'Master Mead in the 2nd, ward school on the river bank. Age of 14 he went to Pittsburg to learn the dry goods business. He started in business first in Port Perry, then Limetown and 1857 started in Monongahela in partnership with John Young. He served in Council and was city Treasurer for 7 years. He died July 13, 1893. Mid pleasure and palaces, though we may roam, Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home. 271McIlvaine Bldg., Main St. Phone I29-2. OLIVER S. SCOTT, Attorney. Alexander Bldg., Main St. Phone 68-W. VERNON HAZZ'ARD, Attorney. Daily Republican Bldg. Ph( 34 C. T. GRAVES, M. D. Yohe Bldg., 4th St. Phone-Office 258-J. Residence 258-L. H. T. BILLICK. 456 Main St. Phone 36. J. T. BIDDLE, M. D., Homeopathist. 515 W. Main St. Phone 2Ig-R. G. H. MURPHY, M. D. 446 Main St. Phone 254. P. M. WALL, M. D. 504 Main St. Phone-Office Iog-J. Residence Io9-L. C. B. WOOD, M. D. 427 Main St. Phone 244. C. FRANCIS LINN. Main St. Phone-Office 5I-J. I McILVAINE, VANCE GIBSON, Attorneys. ~ LI P --~-LL-C --L4 I-~ C9---a-~l lp--p--- __. t- --q - I I 0 Alexander Bldg., Residence 5I-L.R. CLAUDE FARQUHAR, M. D. Cor. Stewart Alley AM/ain St. Phone 47-J. R. V. STEWART, M. D. Alexander Bldcl., AM/ain St. Phone 224-T. GEO. K. HAYS, M. D. Hazzard P. O. Phone 4I-J. F. H. UNDERWOOD, M. D. I07 West Main St. Phone-Office I49-J. Residence 89-R. J. W. ALLEN, M. D. Cor. 5th Main St. Plhone DR. E. L. YOHE, Dentist. Alexander Bldg., MIain St. Phone-Office I78-L. Residence I39-J. DR. E. S. McILVAIN, Dentist. McGreagor Bldg. Alain St. DR. GEO. STATHERS. Dentist. Crall Bldg. Main St. DR. M. R. MERDITH, Dentist. Ist National Bank Bldg., M\ain St. Phone 49-R. DR.. W. P. TAYLOR, Dentist. - ------ lllr -r-------m-- ----4---- --Qu_., -~-__ -- - _-_ ty---I-~rrrrC~P--~ -_I i i i I I I I I I Phone 5o-W. 3II M/ain St.J. ALEXANDER SON, 1828-1850 ALEXANDER CO., 1850-1908 Every Facility, Privilege and Courtesy This Company offers you every facility, privilege and courtesy consisttent with successful modern banking. We would like to give you full particulars of Banking with us by Mail-it is safe, convenient and prompt. Interest Paid on Time Deposits Alexander G0 BANKERS EMonongza/ela City, Pa. n I I ii 5 L L I Y - I, - --- - - II-- I I I I Is slBgiLslr~s~1Brrsu.\a-au I a re 12 I Established Z 850Dickson C. Shaw. Chc D. C. Shaw ( WHOLESALE GROCERS 0 UR SPECIAL TIES Hart Canned Goods Nectar Canned Goods Meadow Brook Cheese French Market Pure Molasses Meadow Brook Sliced Beef Columbia Flour Barber's Best Flour Shaw's Best Winter Flour o09 WATER STREET IIo FIRST AVENUE EB// e4 lCO -p jA PIT7TSBUR( PHONES P. l A. /.ozf lIiP T as. I. Jones w'oo 1H, PA. I I II-- - II ---------- m daphPPm~FP.,a~-=-rppLPrr; ih~Lllir-~---a,D1~.r-~~ip~C- -rs- BgCI I'Eq II IJAMES JONES, JOHN H, JONES, T, P, JONES, DAVID G. 3ONES, Chairman, President, Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer General Manager, HARRY P, JONES, M, H, JONES, E. F, MILLER, Pittsburg Buffalo Cowpay MINERS. MANUFACTURERS, SHIPPERS Builders' Supplies GENERAL OFFICES: FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURG, PA. Branch Offices: Prudential Building, Buffalo, N, Y. Old Colony Building, Chicago, Ill, Euclid Avenue 55th St., Cleveland, O. Majestic Building, Detroit, Mich, Mutual Life Building, Philadelphiaj Pa, 632 Mahoning Avenue, Youngstown, 0, MINES ON ALL RAILROADS ENTERING PITTSBURG. WITTH APOLOGIES I-Iow dear to our hearts are the scenes of our childhood When fond recollection presents them to view! The engine, the pit cars, and sprags and the l,it w-ood, The pranks and the tricks which our early years knew. Old Pigeon Creek and the boys -who played in it; The boats and the rattle as tons of coal fell; The home of our father, the store that stood nigh it The crude way of miling; the p)leasure as well. The old oaken tipple, the iron lined tipple The dust covered tip)ple good stories cotld tell. And nowv far removed from the love(d situation, The tear of regret will intrusively swrell, As fancy reverts to ol(l frlienlds and complanions And sighs for those school days disturbed by the bell. The old Catsburg m;inuers and those who worked with us The town and the l)eople we still love so well The story that captivates, charms and entrances The story of HOME is the story we tell. - - I I I II L II P ---- -- I I 1 C --Y" I_ -- II --- 9mTHE T. J. Eckbreth, Proprietor. Three Leading Features OF THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP 10 CENTS KING AND QUEEN CONTEST 1 CENT A VOTE HISTORICAL MAGAZINE 50 CENTS AND 1 DOLLAR. Monongahela City's Leading Hotel. /1ononuabela'ou e. _ I I -~1 I I -I I I IC '' II - I ------. - -----`-----1" - -. I I I - " s 1411 I rsrl -' I I I I'I q~ I - I I I 1 4 --- ell I - ----- I m.D. E. GAMBLE DEALER IN Hay, Straw, Corn, Oats, Mill.Feed, Farm Implements, Fertilizers, Barrel Salt, Wagons and Harness All C'oirz and Oats Chop arid Corn lMelet My Owvn Grinding..........;.^:.::i~.::~~::........A GENTS FOIR SUCRENEI FEEDS Bell Telephone 255 Retail Store, Shepler Rink' A RRFourth Street ELFVA TOR ANVD WAREHO USE, SEVENTH ANVD RAILROAD STREETS. Cones at Wholesale JOSEPH A. S;UMNEY 244 MAIN? ST. FRESH ROASTED..... if: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~u:x "iijiiE~~~~~~~................... -:..A N D SALTED PEANUTS FRESH SWEET POPCORN......................B A L L S Popcorn Fritters and Crackerjack Ice Cream Cones and Sandwiches......................... - ~- -~-L -s - I, _ I I I-L II I, I' - - I - I -- L I --. I =I I Im II, ImTHIE tEPUBLICAN TICKET ELECTION TUESDAY, NOV. 3, 1908. PRESIDENT W. H. TAFT VICE PRESIDENT JA-MES S. SHERMAN CONGRESS 24TH DIS'T. J. K. TENER ASSEIMBLY CHAS. A. BENTLEY C. E. CR'OTHERS J. B. HOLLAND COUNTY TREASURER W. E. LANE PROTHONOTARY H. F. WARD COUNT,Y COMMISSIONERS THOS. HILL JNO. A. BERRY REGISTER CYRUS MOR/ROW AUDITOR W. J. ANDERSON J. K. MITCHELL CORONER JAS. T. HEFFRAN CLERK OF COURTS D. L. rWILLIAMS DIRECTOR OF THE POOR WMAr. COURSON Vote The Straight Republican Ticket. Washington County Republican Committee.... I -C--- I I I Y LI I II I lII I I I i'I l Ta - Q I ---J-6-3c~ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. TOP ROW--C. E. Towner, A. AM. Gregg, F. G. Kennedy, W. F. Alton, E. W. Hartland, Ransom Gee, Dr. W. P. Taylor, F. B. Wickerham, W. T. Van Voorhis, P. S. McCurdy, B. L. Ross. MIDDLE ROW-R. L. Elwood, Conrad Stang, Jas. T. Corrin, Hon. C. A. Bentley, S. R. Calvert, H. C. Landefeld (Chairman). BOTTOMI ROW-De Vernon Hazzard, S. C. Carmack, John B. Collins.Thie Hotel Mlain widely known for its comforts and good meals, welcomes the visitoro of Old Home Week and their patronage is courteously solicited during their stay in Monongahela. ASIDE FROM A LARGE DINING ROOM THE LARGEST iRATHSKELLAR IN THE VALLEY A. L. DIEVART, Proprietor EAST MAIN ST. NEAR DEPOT All Street Cars Stop at the Door LEAVE ORDERS FOR YOUR IISTOREICAL MAGAZINE WVITH Mr. James Ewing OR ANXY MEMBER OF TIHE PROGRAHM[ COMMITTEE SOLD ON TIHE STREET EVERY DAY DURING OLD HOME WEEK -- --I ~ I ~r I ~ - 11111~2 1 LUs - - I II I I I "~ =Im~m m H 0 1 Cflwm (j) 1 G)G) G) HZj 00 z rO z rm 0 -mc H w ~ ~ C) U)~ H1 I rt Fu H ~i wr 01 0 m mu m c InFM John K. Tener Charleroi, Pa. Republiean Nominee for Congress 24th fDistriet Election Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1908 THE WHITE LAUNDRY OF MCKEESPORT I rl MAKES DAILY CALLS AND DELIVERY IN MONONGAHELA SERVICE AND QUALITY GUARANTEED WVE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF HAND TURNED COLLARIS ALL OUR WASHING DONE WITH FILTERED WELL WATER YOUR PATRONAGE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED I Isllsl p I Ils I e ---- pi ~ r I I II IIL I I ~--I I P,, Y ~-YIB - I -- -- -- I I II I srsrs II III I ILPI YI - - --- I III - Mi/LABOR SAYING REDUIRES NO WA'H-BOARD OR MACHINE. MAKES WASHING EASYFOR TOILET BATI LAUNDRY IT HAS NO EQUAL. WVON'T CHAP THE HAlNDS! WfON'T SHRINK WfOOLLENS! WYASHES IN HARD YfATIER PA U L Wu ESTHOFF WHOLESALE DEALER IN SCHL MILWAUKEE ITZ BEER BELL 1113 GRANT PHONES 1778 P. A. 1778 MAIN OFFICE, COR. 14TH PIKE STREETS PITTSBURG i I I I I -- I .~ I In Ir -- I I DI IA. D. SCOTT, Groceries alnd Oueensware, 215 Sole Aenth W. M'AIN STREET, MIONONGAiELA, PA. for FERNDIELL Food Produicts. Fihest Prodmced.................................. U NBE L L P H O N E 20 8 BAR f'i:iiiiiji ~ -ATTACHED r r iisiciii:i~;:~il j:iSPECIAL ATTENTION COMMERCIAL HOTEL C. J. HABERMAN, Prop. Pittsburg and Charleroi Street Cars Stop at the Door. Corner Main and Foulrth Streets, RATES: $2.00 PER DAY. MONONGAHELA, PA. ~~~~~j~~:~iiiiii8i~~~i:iii...................................... ~:"':'iii~iii:.~..i_ iiiiiiijirijj:,,:::................................................iiiiji....................................................................................................:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iii~i~:i~iii:il iiii..................................~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r_iliiijiiii,.......... I -__ ___ _............... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~:iI................._....................~~:~:,-: ~ ~:: 2.~ ~............INT RAD...........~:....................................................... COMMERGIAL HOTEL~~~~BA C. J. HAIE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ER~~~~~~JIN, Prop.~~~~...................lrirSte t ar to a heDo r Corner-Mai and FourATTACHEDs RATES: $2,00 PEK DAY, MONOIIJGAWELA, ]PA.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~X The -I-I ~II ~- I _lul I ----Il IIIL I I I I - - I mT. G. WALLACE, Prop. Zimmer Printing Company f Type Arrangement Press Work and Paper. Details of great Importance in High Class S PRINTING,: Monongahela, Pa. Thos. Hll Union Township iApub1ictau Nnminur for ndunt$LiIuy. Tmmlowourr~ (fiuntil Electibr) TLIq5day, N\OV- 3, igo8 DAILY CALL AND DELIVERY DYERS AND DRY CLEANERS J. B. HOLLAND McDONALD, PA. Republican Nominee for Assembly Washington County Election Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1908 _ I____ ____L_ _ Yl_i__ ____YP_'I F IEaDmrar ------. I -rs sms r I I ---------a.------rrr n IFIRST CLASS FURNITURE VERY RER SONIABLE P RICE can be bought only at FRANK BEBOUT'S FURNITURE STORE The RELIASBLE FURNITURE DEALER and FUNVERASL DIRECTOR of Monongahela 205-207 MAIN STREET PROMPT AND COURTEOUS TREATMENT FOR ALL ESTABLISHED 1867. 1867-ONE GREEN-HOUSE--500 FEET OF GLASS. 1908-TWENTY-TWO GREEN-HOUSES 100,000 FEET OF GLASS, CRALL'S GROWERS AND SHIPPERS OF WE CAN SUPPLY YOUR WANTS FOR ALL OCCASIONS MAIL, WIRE OR PHONE YOUR ORDERS THEY WILL RECEIVE PROMPT AND CAREFUL ATTENTION, 1. SHELBY CRALL Co. MONONGAHELA BELL PHONES, GSTORE NO, 4-2 BGREEN HOUSES OFFICE NO, 4-3 I t e~~ -u II ~e I I, - - 1 a' 2 LI I 11111 11 I II II Ll I I m 5JAMES A, McATEER AND SONS, Inc, PITTSBURGH, PA. WHOLESALE GROCERIES. Sole Distributors of the Celebrated LIBERTY COFFEE. Represented in the Monongahela Valley by Mr. Shelby C. Carmack, a descendant of one of Monongahela's oldest families. Ax GREGG for anything in HARD WARE or any other thing u tu IP LIPIY s III I ---- I II --DI- --- -- -.av - _- -~-- I I I ur II I I lli rsr - lII Il I III - --- - -- I I I C mLI-u r.l u ~.---~~~ BPLi~~h ~ 1s~~(ZI~~~--~r -YiR-: lappa,~.ur,~ -~~C- IsP~- -~- l.-- *~mU-I ----~ - U_-1-119Swift's Premium Hams andt Silver Leaf Lard THESE HAMS HAVE NO EQUAL FOR RICH FLAVOR. THE FINEST IN THE WORLD. SOLD EXCLUSIVELY IN MONONGAHELA BY CORRIN CORRIN B. H. VOSKAMP'S COR. 11TH ST. PENN AVE. PHONE 1028 GRANT C_, SONS PITT SB URG WILLIAM.- E. CARROLL OF 726 CHESS ST., MONONGAHELA CITY, P'A. LOCAL REPRESENTATIVE I ~ a I _ a s---C------- I'IB ii'- II a aa rr -I I a ICHAS. D. BORLAND 313, MAIN ST., MIONONGAHELA THE HOME OF GOOD SHOES FORlt YEARS TIIIS STORE IHAS LEAD THE SI-IOIE PROCESSION IN MONON GAIJELA, BY BETTER SHIOES, LOW(rER PRICES, AN I MOST COURTEOUS T^REATAIENT. CALL IN AND SEE CENTRALT BLOCK PICKERINU'S wish Monongahela City a great time during her "Old Home" week. WHEN YOU'RE READY FOR FURNITURE AND CARPETS DON'T FORGET YOUR CREDIT'S GOOD--NUP CED TENTH AND PENN, PITTSBURU. r I alr a ---- ---------sI ~I IC a ~ Il - I i. -D~IBrs ---~ - ---- - --- - I a ii _ - r. ~'C111 I L-r' _I- --- -I* CONTENTS Committees of Old Home Week Association............................3I Origin of Washington County.........................................36 The Old Home and the New........... Boyd Cruirine......39 Parkinson Family............... 60 Benjamin Parkinson 6I Historical Sketch of Monongahela...... J. S. VanVoorhis, A. M. M. D...63 Old Fashioned Wedding......................................... 73 Whisk,ey Insurrection................. J. P. Taylor................... 76 John Holcroft........................ R. T. Wiley.................... Albert Gallatin........................Mrs. M. B. Hazzard........... Ioo Black Horse Tavern....................David Richard O'Neil.......... IoI Early Pioneers................,Isaac Yohe.,00...... IOU Early School Houses................. Catsburg School........................,David Woodward............. II Belvidere School....................... Kate Mullen McCullough...... iii Schools of Monongahela.................Prof. R. G. Dean.............. II3 Churches of Monongahela.............. Rev. Wm. F. McKee........... 120 The Black Family..................... Mrs. Mary Black Boggs........132 My Boyhood Days in Monongahela..... Capt. Jos. T. Armstrong........I36 Sal Fleming's Hole..................... Robert Baker................. I52 Twenty Years Ago............................. 1..................... I53 AMy Trip to Monongahela in i872........ Dr. J. P. Norman............. I59 Early Recollections.................... John Cooper.....6........ I62 School House Fire.................................. I..................0 Covered Bridge.......................................................I72 The I888 Flood..................................................... 75 Soldiers of the Century...............................................77 Military Organizations................ Jos. D. V. Hazzard............ I9 Co. A, ioth Reg., Pa. Vol................ P. M. Wall, M. D.............. 9D E'lizabeth Lockhart....................... M. B.......................I96 Daughters of the Civil War............ Miss Harriet Hazzard.......... 97 Monongahela Cemetery... I99 City Officials.............................................201 Mlonongahela River..................., Loyd E. Flint.................207 Lodges...................2.......2......................S.......215 Hospital and Doctors..................................................221 Historical Notes.................................. 225 Y. M. C. A................................ T. Wertz.................. 253 Familiar Names...................................................... 254 MIonongahela, Its Present and Future... H. R. Campbell................ 63 Business Directory......................................... 268 29Dnnonongalela ty a anufarturting Company Foundation, Building, Hollow and Face Brick. Fire Proofing and Other Clay Products. Bell Phones: Works 37-R-2. Office 37-R-3 Office-Alexander Bank Building, Monongahela, Pa. ~ I I a,lT -sl - as -----I a a -- L- -a --s -r --c - - I I I ~ at'I r II L1 I ar I I I I I ITHE BEST TOOLS ONLY BEAR THIS BRAND Ash your Dealer Idh1P lb SobsIiIuIe EVERY TOOL BEARING THIS BRAND IS THE BEST THAT THE MOST SKILLED MECHANICS WITH THE FINEST MATERIALS CAN PRODUCE AND IS FULLY WARRANTED IN EVERY PARTICULAR. MANUFACTURED BY Bindley Hardware Co,, Pittsburgh I~~~~A-::: ~~~~::NOVEL OLIVE GAS RANGE F. R. COLVIN, Manager Monongahela Saw and Planing Mill Company Contracts taken for all kinds of Building. Rough and Dressed Lumber of all kinds. General Line of Builders' Supplies, Sash, Doors, Lime, Cement, Fire Clay, Coal Boats, Barges and Flats. BILL LUMBER SAWEYD TO ORDER. MONONGAHELA, PA. BELL PHONE 32-2 T. S. MCCURDYL SON - HAVE THE EXCLUSIVE SALE OF THE CELEBRATED) _......'-_ NOVEL OLIVE GAS RANGES, ______ __ _ ~ PERFECT OLIVE COAL RANGES, MODEL OLIVE COAL OLIVE KITCHENER COAL ________ ~.,~~RANGES, OLIVE COCK STOVE, OLIVE OAK HEATING STOVES, TROPIC OLIVE HEATING STOVES, and XB!Xh MERIT OLIVE LAUNDRY _______ i' ~~~~~STOVES all of CAST IRON CONSTRUCTIOIf, Call and see them. 245 West Main Street, MONONGAHELA CITY, PA. _ I --II. --I slYra Y-e I..---- I I Lr'' I __~---r,_g I sLI L LInterior View of F. G. Kennedy's Ne-w%s Depot Stationery Store. The busiest store in Mon6ngahela.1901-1908 the oirst narional Bank of monongabela gity, Pa. Capital - Surplus and Profits Total Assets $50,000.00 30,134.21 550.000.00 This bank was opened for business on November 30, 1901, and in addit,ion to accumulating a surplus of over $30,000.00 it has paid out $12,000.00 in dividends to its stockhold.ers and $50,629.40 in interest to its depositors. It is the constant a:im of the Officers and Directors to conduct -the affairs of the,bank so that'it may be a safe place, for the Savings of the people of Monongahela City and the surrounding country, and the best interests of the community may bh served. All classes of accounts are wrelcomed, whether large or s'mall, and interest is allowed on time deposits at the rate of four per cent. per annum. compDunded sem! annually. OPFIICEFR3: JOSEPH LYTLE, President. I. EUGENXE BYERS, Vice President. D. E. DAVIS, Cashier. W. A. ALLEN, Asst. Cashier. JOS. J. BOYLE, Teller. HARRY LARIMER, Book-keeper. DIRECTORS: Joseph Lytle, James P. Lytle, R. Eugene Byers, J. F. Kennedy, Chas. E. Stephens, D. E. Gamble, Jame BR. Mcgregor, B. S. Allen, Wm. T. Pierce, Dr. H. T. Billick.Nicholson Printing Co.I Printers, Blank Book Makers, Binders, WE PRODUCED THIS MAGAZINE. 322 Third Ave,, Pittsburgh. LL I i. I.CAPELL MINE FANS HIGHEST EFFICIENCIES (4Y LOWEST POWER CONSUMPTION CONSULT US REGARDING YOUR MINE VENTILATION CAPELL FAN, ENGINEERING CO. MONONGAIIELA, PA. No Heate Argument as to tho Cold Virtues o,j the Eclipse RJerigeri.ators. e7lre 1i butc one rlIde to die rR t!TsO E ]T ECLIPDSE LtKETIGRAETO - ( IS TCEI COLDEST,MOST SANiTARY, MADE. 7/akmr,/YA A? dce elchra;(edZcf Ue?Jr,era1om OF Y-PECfAL DESIGN V- FOR. ANY FUJZPOXB. OFFICE., FACTORYAND DISFLPM ROOMS - IIZTto 1133 Penn Ave., IFiIfsburg, P'a. ~ ~. ~ I ~ ~ I s II ~ ~II I' ~ ~ _,, e i--~.--~l I e-~-~---~ ~P1 ~ --. - I,,,. 2-------- ~ U-------rl_ --?.. I~ C -~~' ~ I I I ~ ~' II I _ --- I n nCHARLES E. STEPHENS. HENRY B. STEPHENS. DEALERS IN ROUGH AN D WORKED LUMBER, CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS, SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. PHONES: OFFICE 177-2. RESIDENCE: 177-3. OFFICE AND YARDS: FOOT OF EIGHTH ST. 1019 LIBERTY ST. D. Q. STEWART. J. A. A. GEIDEL. ESTABLISHED 1872. D. G. STEWART AND GEIDEL, RECETVERS SHIPPERS OF GRAIN, MILL FEED AND HAY, RYE A SPECIALTY PROPRIETORS IRON CITY ELEVATOR, CAPACITY 300,000 BUSHELS. Track Connections aL Elevator with all Railroads Centering at this Point. TELEPHONES: 468 Grant, 1243 Main, ~ LI I ~ ~ A I PITTSBURG, PA.C E, Carothers Washington, Pa. Rcpublican - nominee for lssembly Election Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1908 U P-TO-DATE W.C-. McCallister Practical'CDrtuggist ESTABLISHED IN 1885 FRED W,-LANDEFELD Costumer THEATRICAL and MASQUERADE COSTUMES FOR RENT. MASQUERADE GOODS CONSTANTLY ON HAND. LADIES COSTUMES and FAi CY DRESSES. WIGS FOR HIRE, AMATEUR THEATRICAL PRODUCTIONS COSTUMED. TERMS REASONABLE-PROMPTNESSRELIABILITY, BELL PHO-ONE iMONONGAHELA. ADOLPH HOPPMiIANN BAKERY AND GONFEITIONERY HOME MADE BREAD, PIES CAKES 260 MAIN STREET, COR, THIRD ~ ~ ~ ~,'13 11'I Isra sarra ars g II ~ IrC r4W.~"e --=----.'''" m 0 I i I A rBELL PHONE 227-J Thomas Collins' Sons WALL PAPER AND INTERIOR DECORATIONS PICTURES AND PICTURE FRAMING 166-168 MAIN STREET E. A. WICKERHAM C. S, WICKERHAM WICKERHAM BROS, Dealers in All Kinds of Fresh and Smokd MSeats COR. NINTH AND MAIN STREETS Tom Anderson The Tailor Secohd Floor Crall Building Mohohgahela, Pa. WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? BETWEEN Scott's Extra Coated Hammered Open-Hearth Tin, Griffith's Charecal Iron Tin, Genuine No. 1 Bangor Slate, Munson Hot Air Heater, and ot~her makes of Tin, Slate Heaters. IF YOU DON'T KNOW ASK WILLIAMS BROS, TIN AND SLATE ROOFING, FURNACE WORK SHOP, 42T PARKINSON STREET I L CII - -1 ~ II I lu hi - I IThe Mouoll hala City Trust Company NMIONONGAHELA. PA. CAPITAL SURPLUS, $200,000.00 Does a General Banking Trust Company Business. PAYS 4% ON SAVINGS DEPOSITS ACTS AS EXECUTOR, ADMINISTRATOR, GUARDIAN, TRUSTEE, OR IN ANY TRUST CAPACITY. i -~ I I ~ IL IIJOSEPH A, HERRON, Presi(lent.ISAAC YOHE, JR. JAMES L. YOHE, LEWIS N. YOHE. CLYDE C, YOHE. YOjE BROTjHER- S PLANING MILL I i, II Ii I Ro1UGH AN4D LUORKED liUMBHER, BIhli STUFF, ETC. CO0TI:ACTS TAPKEN FOR ALILk KINDS OF CA-RPENTER WORK 7W E N (D N G 0 H F L Z, P:. "'................ESTAD 190I MAIN AND SECOND STREETS. 1 I!MONONGAHELA, PA. CLOTHING, FURNISHINGS AND SHOES A COMPLETE STOCK OF STYLISH WEAR FOR MEN ALWAYS ON HAND, OUR PRICES ARE REASONABLE AND OUR GOODS ARE SATISFACTORY, AS IS SHOWN BY OUR LARGE AND lNCREASING SALES FROM YEAR TO YEARI. _ _1 - I -I I_ I U I 1 - 1 I ~ I 1This space is paid for b,h Alleh Kirkpatrick Co. who largel furhish our cits, with Groceries ahd Pearl PloMr 3nmos Xf~~ ~lz~Vt+ forriz, Importer and Bottler of Laer eer, Porter EeU Sole Agent for Sole Distributor for Pittsburg. and viSaegertown Ginger Ale, cinity of Petticord Mineral Water, Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association Cambridge Springs, Pa. SPRUDEL WrATER, Mt. Clemens, Mich. Celebrated Budweiser Keg Beer. Wholesale Dealer Bottler of Imported: Culmlbach, Pilsen, mrurzburg Muenchen Hof-Brau Beer. Phones: Bell 977 Grant. P. A. 2346 Main. 135-137-139 WASHINGTON ST., PITTSBURG, PA. Near Fifth Avenue. I, THINGS TO QUIT Gossiping, Fidgeting, Grumbligng and splitting. I-Iair- I Saying fate is against yolu. Finding fault with the weather. Going around with a glcomy face. Fault-finding, nagging and wcrry:ng. Taking offense where none is intended. Dwelling on fancied slights and wrongs. Talking big things and doing small ones. Scolding and flying into a passion over trifles. Boastiing of what you canl do instead of doing it. Thinking that life is a grind and not worth living. Talking continually abou.t yourself and your affairs. Depreciating yourself and making light of y3our abilities. Saying unkind things about acquaintances and friends. Exaggerating and making mountains out of molehills. -SUCCESS CUt'Em Ots And deal with us, You will be all the happier for it, H. W. W. L. cKINLEY Contractors and Builders HARDWOOD MANTELS Artistic Fire Place Outfits, Tile for Floors and Vestibules, Gas and Electric Chandeliers Gas Logs, Grates, Etc. Plans prepared and estimates cheerfully furnished. BELL PHONE: RIES. 107-R: OFFICE 56-W. SECOND ST. MONONGAHELA, PA. RESTAURANT IMPORTER OF RHINE WINES. LADIES' DINING AND LUNCH ROOMS UP STAIRS. (Side Entrance.) MATT. WEISS, 414-416 SMITHFIELD ST. PITTSBURG, PA. FINEST WINES, LIQUORS CIGARS. I ~ ~ - ~ ~ I ~' ~ I ~THEODORE M, BYERS Theodore M. Byers Dry 6oods Monohgahela, Pa. ESTABLISHED APRIL 5th, 1880. FroIm THE DAILY REPUBLICAN. NW\ednesday, April 5th, 1905. Twenty-five years ago to-day, Mr. Byers started into the dry goods business at the site which his store now occupies, ancd through successive stages of improvements established a trade which is unexcelled by any store of the kind along the AM'onongahela valley. The Byers Dry Goods store ranks high among the business houses of this city and is considered one of the most staple of our niany firms. FOR G AS OR COAL THE'. AMERICAN STANDARD FOR EXCELLENCE SOLD, GUARANTEED AND RECOMMENDED BY T. S. McCURDY SON, MONONGAHELA, PA. I ii I I- i ~ I ~ i I YIDEAL THEATRE MONONGAHELA, PENN'A. VAUDEVILLE, MOTION PICTURES ILLUSTRATED SONGS The Seating of this Theatre is so arranged as to give an unobstructed view of the stage. A current of air passes through at all times, the whole atmosphere being changed every 90 seconds. EVENING PERFORMANCE FROM 7 to 10 SATURDAY MATINEE 2:30 ADMISSION 10c. FOR ADULTS CHILDREN UNDER S YEARS Sc. MATINEES ALL CHILDREN 5c. ESTABLISHED 1893 ANNUAL CAPACITY 20,000 CBARRELS H. Roth Brerery Brewers of Gold Crown Beer, Lager Beer Ale and Porter Our Gold Crown Beer is brewed from the choicest malt and Saaz hops and the best of Mountain spring water. Gold Crown Beer can be obtained at all bars or delivered to your residence by placing order with us. You can buy our product with th.e assurance that there is nothing better made. MONONGAHELA, PA. r P1 ~~ 16 ~ - 1 -~ -- - Bell Phone, 96-2.S. H. Keenan. Bell Phone 230 J. G. H. Pieper. KLELNAYN AND PIIEPLR COIYNTRACTOIR AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF ROUG! AND WVORKED LUMIBER OFFICE AND YARDS, CORNER RAILROAD AND SIXTH STREETS. PROSPECTIVE BUILDERS WILL DO WELL TO SEE US FIRST. WE HAVE JUST STARTED IN BUSINESS AND INTEND TO GIVE OUR PATRONS FAIR PRIICES. PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FURNISHED FREE OF CHARGE. ESTIMATES FREELY GIVEN. Dutch Java Blend Coffee Monongahela's Pride and Most Popular Drink Sold by S. EWART CO. Wholesale Grocers PittsburghAthletic Supplies. pl'o1oc ra p 1s HIGH GRADE PHOTOGRAPHS-CHILDREN'S AND HOME PORTRAITURE A SPECIALTY. ENLARGEMENTS, FIRST-CLASS CRAYON, WATER-COLOR and PASTEL PORTRAITS. p11 kitrds of Framir) DoQe Brown Eichelberger 213 2ND ST,, MONONGAHELA, 4TH ST., DONORA. Hold the fort for I am comling, MAy beef is fed on gilt-edged corn, Around the curve my wagons running, Wait'till Geo. Wies blows his horn. Home dressed is the best Down East or out West; If you are East or out West, Come to Wies and get the best. George Wies, All kinds of Fresh Smoked Meats WATCHI FOR ME;M 145 EAST IMAIN STREET, MONONGAHELA, PA. Books Stationery, Office Supplies, Post Cards, Engraved Stationery, Magazines and Periodicals, Base Ball Goods, EDWARD W. HARTLAND Electrical Contractor, 245 Main Street. =-With T. S. McCURDY SON= EVERYTHING ELECTRICAL-HOUSE WIRING TANTALUM LAMP BANNER LAMP; CAPITAL LAMP STERLING SPECIAL LAMP; TUNGSTEN LAMPS-40-60-100 WATTSSAVE YOU 662-3% ON YOUR LIGHT BILL. MOTORS for washing machines, sewing machines; and wherever a motor can! be applied; Irons that work byr electricity, giving you not only a cool handle, but a cool laundry and a hot iron, Ever-ready flash lights will find the key-hole for you GAS and ELECTRIC FIXTURES. MEDICAL BATTERIES REPAIRED, DOOR BELLS INSTALLED. Estimates cheerfully given on all work. O I I --WEST END STEAM LAUNDRY COMPANY We guarantee our work. Easy for you to be a satisfied customer. Say the word-and we will call, any place in the City. Try us, and you will always be with us. Every day some one wha has tried cthers, call us. Now is the time for you to have us call. Delays are dangerousWe are the only UNION laundry in the City, using UNION prices and the only one that will guarantee their work. CITY COLLIECTIONS. CITY rEELIVERYS. Monday-- W'ednesdlay-- Thu.rsday. Saturday. CITY BRANCH AGENTS. Jas, McGregor Sons, Clothiers; Main St. McPersons Barber Shop, 4th St. Brooks Barber Shor, 2nd St. Batch Barber Shop, 2nd St. Valley Supply Store, East Main St. Hiltons Barber Shop, Main St. C. ANr. REGESTER, General Agent, Mrononigahela City. NO PLACE LIKE HOME BUT NEXT TO HOME COMFORTS ARE A COMFORTABLE PAIR OF SHOES REMEMBER BEN. F. FORSYTHE - RELIABLE SHOE DEALER NEXT TO POSTOFFICE MONONGAHELA, PA. ARE YOU THIRSTY? I DON'T CARE WHETHER YOU ARE OR NOT, AND NEITHER WILL YOUWHEN YOU DRINK CALVE RT'S POP BECAUSE "IT TOUCHES THE SPOT WHETHER THIRSTY OR NOT." MADE ONLY BY S. R. CALVERT MANUFACTURER OF BOTTLED SODA WATER PARK AVEN U E auticr THE MAJORITY OF THE CUTS USED IN ILLUSTRATING THE HISTORICAL SECTION ARE THE PROPERTY OF THE 1 oriatiot ANY PERSON DESIRING TO PURCHASE ANY OF THEM CAN DO SO AT A VERY REASONABLE RATE. I I Ir _ __ _- I _,_ -rr~~~~~~~o ~~~~~~il clo V. 9 mCharles (*. rubb 1739?iibertp Eve, IPittibur0, Pa. lReprezenting Cbe 1araeot fireworkt JFactories in the ZiX.orlb. Dtirect llmporter from China. grivate anb Iublic fireworke tDiplaw Zpeciali3e. pour Cen Vollar Orber will receive the same careful attention ae pour neighbbor', One lbunbreb Vollar, or pour Citp's One hboueanb Vollar one. Catalog. JUSTLEY APPETIZING HAMS AND B A C O N HOME CURIED ON SALE AT MONONGAHELA CITY PITTSBURG PROVISION AND PACKING COMPANY P L1 I I -rp L---~ L 9 ~ I III1tirtr Ont (omme Admmiat!tonnongal eta (0Li o-me saitd President: Joseph A. Herron Vice Presidents: J. B. Finley GCeo. A. Keller John H. Jones Win. H. Wilson J. B. Yohe John F. Cooper A. G. Mitchell J. P. N. Coulter Hon. C. A. Bentley Thomas Hutchison Chas. G. Mcllvaine Win. McGregor, Sr. Dr. J. S. VanVoorhis W. T. Gregg Adam Wickerham Joseph Lytle Isaac Yohe R. Eugene Byers B. F. Bentley Wilson Layman John W. Stephens Capt. David Longwell James H. Moore Gen. Chairman, C. H'. Landefeld Vice Chairman, A. M. Gregg Secretary, B. L. Ross Asst. Secretary, Dr. W. P. Taylor Asst. Secretary, L. E. Flint Corresponding Sec., F. B. Wickerham Treasurer, F. G. Kennedy Asst. Treasurer, F. K. Alexander CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES: Finance, R. L. Elwood Transportation, Hon. C. A. Bentley Prin. and Advertising, Paul McCurdy Publicity, Vernon Hazzard Amiusement Concession, Wm. T. VanVoorhis Decoration, S. C. Carmack Entertainment, S. M'. Downer TMlusic, S. R. Calvert Invitation, James T. Corrin Information, Ransom Gee Reception, W. F. Alten Membership, Conrad Stang Building D'ecoration, Claude Towner Illumination, Edward W. Hartland Program, Dr. W. P. Taylor Badges, John B. Collins Relics, Isaac Yohe Parade, Lloyd E. Flint Church Arrangements, Ira M. Butler 1MONONGAHELA, PA. Expert Watch Repairing, Everything in the Jewelry and Optical Business. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED IN EV ERY LINE, i. m. ~angendorf, 3eweler and Optlcian 214 W. M1TAIN STRIEET, MONONGAHELA, PA, MNONNGAHELA MEAT MARKET res1b and Smoked meals of all kRinds Poultry and Game! in Season. 1VcFee1y HoWmlan G. W. McFeely, TManager 232 Main St. Bell Phone I22-W L d I --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--C -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ R. L. ELWOOD, Atberman, FIRE INSURANCE, RENTS COLLECTED, ICE DIELIVERED TO ANY PART OF THE CITY AT ANY TIME. WHOLESALIE RETAIL. OFFICE: I04 Second Street,Rw mc~rcdith, funeral Director and Embalmer for. bhird and main Struets, monongabela, Pa. Carriages for Weddings, Cbristenings antd Tunerals Eounumtntal Wurkh WM, H, ISAAC, Proprietor, unrre~sor I monuments and Cemetcry Work of all kinds LETTERING, CARVING and TRACING Operated by the PNEUMATIC TOOL PROCESS. ESTABLISHED 1852. 130-i32-134 E. MAIN STREET, Monongahela City, Pa. t:homas Collins' Sons che 6ollins Studio Irtistic Pbotograpby Special Rates for Old!~ome Coming WeeR 166 main $Street GA S FITTER HARDWARE, STOVES, PLUMBERS GAS FITTERS Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Ware Tin, Iron and Slate Roofing BELL PHONE 57 W. I a c' - csrsPanmmas -a8a I m -~IMid pleasures and palaces'Tho we may roam, Be it ever so humble, There's no place,like home. Monongahela will welcome back to their native heath her sons and daughters. iMonongahela's "Big Sitore" welcomes you also. A cordial welcome awaits you all. Come! imake this store your Iheadquarters, we have all modern conveniences which will be placed at your disposal absolutely free. THIS STORE Established in I878 by the late Henry Landefeld, has grown wonderfully until now it stands at the head of the list as the largest exclusive Clothing and Furnishing stoie in the Monongahela valley. Ine$'s (lothino, Boy'S (LIothini, Childreh's (lothiig,| MIERiIIANT TAILORING, Frhnishino Goods, TrMhks 235 ahd 237 Maaih Street "Th e Old Reliable Corner"IRA M, BUTLER, Chairman of Churelh Committee. COMMITTEE ON PUBLICITY: Vernon Hazzard, chairman; Fred. Landefeld, Donald Herron, James L. Yohe, Cliff Hank, Jos. P. Lytle, Jos. Boyle. COMMITTEE ON FINANCE: R. L. Elwood, chairman; Hon. J. B. Finley, John H. Jones, Richard Shaw, C. G. Mcllvaine, Jos. Lytle, S. R. Calvert, Theo. Landefeld, Frank E. Yohe, F. B. Wickerham, J. B. Yohe, A. G. M,itchell, Harry _McCurdy, Jos. A. Herron, John F. Cooper, Winm. Sheplar, Dr. Geo. Murphy, Louis Lazzari. COMMITTEiES ON AMUSEMENT AND CONCESSION: Wlm. VanVoorhis, chairman; T. F. Wickerham, W. A. Allen, H. R. Downer, John B. Collins, S. P. Yohe, John Daniels, H. K. Bentley, Herb Shipe, G. W. Cooper, H. H. Young, Jas. R. McGregor, H. B. N. Louttit, C. S. Crall, Frank Colvin, Mayor Win. Blankenbuehler, L. C. Isler, WVm. AIartin, Jos. Boyle, F. B. Wickerham. COMMITTEE ON MUSIC: S. R. Calvert, chairman; Chas. Hanlin, Wm. Landis, Jos. Grunghoeffer, Geo. McFeeley, Clarence Williams, M\'ort Collins, John Beaumont, AlWilson Laynian, Robt. Robinson, Wm. Yates. 32ISAAC YOHE,. Member of IExecutiCve Committee. COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM: Dr. W. P. Taylor, chairman; Paul S. McCurdy, T. Fell Wickerham, Thos. Collins, F. K. Kennedy, Lloyd E. Flint. COMMITTEE ON PARADE AND FRATERNITY: Lloyd E.'Flint, chairman, Jas. Crall, Theo. Wulf, J. A. Ewing, Chas. Hill, Harry McMasters, Thos. Spence, John Kramer, W. C. -McCallister, L. C. Isler, Win. Bryner, Chas. P. Keller, B. F. Forsythe, Capt. Gibson, Louis Lazzari, John McVicker, D. J. Connely, Frank Ewing, W. MI. Forrester. COMMITTEE ON ILLUMINATION: E. W. Hartland, chaiiman; F. E. Eckles,,Geo. Leith, Jas. D. McCallister, Frank Hendrikson, Henry Brubaker, Harry Larimer, Robert J. Keenan, H. XW. McKinley, Wm. Kramer, F. M. Hood. RECEPTION COMMITTEE: W. F. Alten, chairman; Dr. M. R. Meridith, Herbert Hertzog, Frank Slaner, Jos. Langendorf, C. E. Towner. 33COMMITTEE ON DECORATIONS: Shelby Carmack, chairman; Frank' P. Keller, Geo.' J. Yohe, Frank E. Yohe, Albert Allen, Bert Grable, Chas. M'alhone, Clyde Yohe, Chas. Stephens, Harry Jenkins, Jay COlvin, Bert Boyles,- Vince: Boyd, Clyde Williams, Chas. Coulter, John Wilkinson,' Chas. Maloy, W. J. Yohe, Chas. Lorber, Clyde Jenkins, Wm. Souders, Nelson Leucker, Chas. Coatsworth, Joshua Bush, David Woodward, Geo. Zeh, John Colvin, Meril Hymes, Sam Black, John Collins, Link Devore, Chas. Amberster, Robt. Robinson, Wm. Bailey, Jas. Berkshire, Harry Lawson, Louis Lawson, Robt. Murphy, Jas. Cody, Ambrose Fell, C'urtis Young, Chas. Young, Frank Collins, Walter Andrews, Frank Diague, Pat List, Wm. Garber, Ed. Woods, Albert Jackman, Ed. Barkley, Elmer Crookman, Frank Colvin, Hugh, McKinley, Lawrence DeWalt, Clarence Lytle, Shelby Griffith, Sam Keenan, Henry Stephens, Coulter Yohe, Will Stephens, Chas. Hill, John Riggle, Albert Scott, Henry Chester, Robt. Coulter, John Spees, J. A. Ewing, Louis Wright, Norman Crawford, Harry Louttit. COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT: S. M. Downer, chairman; John Cooper, L. C. Isler, T. S. McCurdy, Wm. McGregor, John P. N. Coulter, Thos. Hutchinson, John Nelson, Jos. Wtulf, R. H. Robinson,' C. A. Bentley, Henry Louttit. COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION: R. C. Gee, chairman; John P. N. Coulter, C. P. Keller, M4. S. Warne, W. T. Gregg, E. A. Foster, Wm. Hodgson, H. R. Campbell, David Woodward, Mrs. Boggs, Mrs. Sampson, Mrs. Kate McCullough, Miss Lizzie Lockihart, David Longwell, Dr. J. S. Van'Voorhis, John Teeters, Geo. Keller, Rals'ton Williams, Capt. Gibson, B. F. Bentley, Dr. Lank, David Williams, John Corrin, B. S. Allen, D. R. Hamilton, Jos. Kammerer. COMMITTEE ON INVITATION: Jas. C. Corrin, chairman; Chas. Penrod, Fell Wickerham, Alvin Allen, Jas. L. Yohe, David Woodward, Tom. Gregg, Wilson Layman, Wm. T. Markell, Al. Hamilton, Playford Wall, Norman Blythe, Dr. Murphy,' Dr. Wood, Dr. Graves, H. C. Sutman, C. Carson, L. C. Isler, S. Shepler, W. C. McCallister, S. C. Markell, Jas. B. Gibson, R. H. Robinson, Sam Robinson, Charles McCague, Frank EwiiLg, Frank Hendrickson, Boyd Coulter, Norman Ray, Geo. Stathers, Kert DeWalt, Jas. Ewing, S. C. Wilson, Frank DeWalt. COMMITTEE ON PRINTING: P. S. McCurdy, chairman; C. iS. Crall, Geo. Hank, R. Eugene Byers, E. F. Seaman, B. F. Forsythe. 34COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION: Hon. Chas. Bentley, chairman; G. B. Sorrick, W. P. Nolton, J. B. Yohe, A. G. Mitchell, Wm. Wilson, Ollie Clark, J. A. McCague, John O'Ehrl, Allen Sorrick, Jas. P. Moore, A. J. Schauer, H. H. Bailey, Harry Fautz, Mr. Fitch, Henderson Coulter, Capt. Jas. Austin, Tlios. Bucthanan, Joe Isler, P. C. Teeple. COMMITTEE ON BADGES: J. 13. Colliils, ci-nl;rman; Floyd Robertson, Playford Wall, Corwitn Barkley, Clarence Lytle, Cllie Clark. COMMITTEE ON CHURCH ARRANGEMENTS: Ira Butler, chairman; Alex. M.cVicker, Clarence Williams, WM. S. Downer, Lawrence Hayes, Chas. Yohe, J. D. Hoon. COMMITTEE ON RELICS: Isaac Yohe, chairman, B. S,. Allen, Thos. Buchanan, Ira Butler, Wm. Alexander, Mort Black, D. R. Hamilton, John Corrin, R. C. Gee, M. Miller, Mrs. Letitia Sampson, Miss Millie Bentley, Miss Lizzie Lockhart, Mrs. Jas. Gibson, Albert Gregg, W. T. Gregg, J. P. Taylor, Allen Sorrick, Jas. K. Yohe, Donald L. Herron. COMMITTEE ON BUILDING DECORATIONS: Claude E. Towner, chairman, W. P. Stephens, Jos. MI. Langendorf, Dr. E. L. Yohe, B. F. Forsythe, E. F. Seamen, Frank Bebout, Alfred Watson, J. N. Yohe, J. C. Dodd, H. C. Devore, W. B. White, Harry Goldstien, Charles Nessler, J. R. Bensoni, J. Hogsett, Geo. Peterson, C. D. Borland, T. M. Byers, S. T. Howe, Wm. MclGregor, Jr., Herbert Shipe, John Scurfield, D. T. Chessrown, Jo'hn Hart. MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE: Conrad C. Stang, chairman; Mayor W. J. Blankenbuheler, Joe iMentzer, H. R. Downer, Win. Sarver, Harry M;owry, T. Chattaway, L.,Sacks, Robt. Zimmers, J. O'.Ehrl, N. Luker, Chas. Stang, D. P'arkinson, P. C. Teeple. KING AND QUEEN COMMITTEE: Sam P. Yohe, chairman; E. P. Brown, Dr. E. L. Yohe, George Anderson. FLAG COMMITTEE: Theodore Landefeld, chairman.THE ORIGIN OF WASHINGTON CO., PA. It is often said, but incorrectly that the territory now in Westmoreland, Fayette, Washington and Greene Counties originally was a part of Virginia. But it was not so, although Virginia at one time claimed jurisdiction over all that territory. Indeed, under a strange and absurd construction of the original charter of Virginia, that state, in order to support her claim to the portion of Southwestern Pennsylvania in which many of her settlers had taken up lands, claimed that a large part of Maryland and three fourths (perhaps) of Pennsylvania were embraced within the charter limits of Virginia. The Western boundary of Pennsylvania, to be five degrees of longitude from the Delaware River, had never been ascertained by measurement in 175I, when the territory west of the mountains began to be known to settlers. And about that time settlers began to come over the mountains from Virginia and Maryland, the larger number from the former state; and soon the two governments of Virginia and Pennsylvania began the controversy as to which state the territory belonged, which lasted until I780, and not fully settled until in I784-5, when the western boundary was finally run on the ground. Frederick and Augusta counties, Virginia, and also Orange and Spottsylvania, and the other Virginia counties had been formed before the Pennsylvania and Virginia Controversy began, and none of those counties ever overlapped into Pennsylvania. And so in I748, Augusta County Virginia, with its county seat at Staunton, in t!he Shenandoah Valley, was formed, extending in its jurisdiction northwestward to the Allegheny Mountains, and this also was before the boundary controversy began. Mason Dixon's Line, the boundary of Pennsylvania with Maryland and, extending westward, the boundary with Virginia, was run on the ground to within about 38 miles from the full length, in 1767, and left incomplete for that distance fromin the Southwest corner of the state. Then began a more extended movement of persons hunting homes this side of the mountains, coming the great majority of them from the Shenandoah Valley, Va., some from Maryland and some from Pennsylvania, and chiefly by Braddocks Road and other passes through the mountains southwestward. In I773, Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania was formed to establish a government by that state west of the mountains, in advance of any attempt by Virginia to set up her government in the Monongahela Valley; that county embracing all of Pennsylvania west of the mountains. But Virginia made the attempt, all the same, and in I775, established what was called the District of 5West Augusta, an appendage of Augusta County, Va., and embracing all the Pennsylvania territory west of the mountains, already embraced in VWestmoreland County. And for this District of West Augusta a Virginia Court was established at Pittsburg'h, called the Fort Dunmore Court, afterwards removed to Washington. From this time on, both Pennsylvania and Virginia exercised governmental authority at the same time over all the territory of Pennsylvania west of the mountain,: each state or colony having its own courts, judges, officers, magistrates, tax assessors and collectors over the'same territory. 36In tne fall of 1776, the American Revolution had begun and Pennsylvania and Virginia eaclh become a sovereign state of the American Union, but in a milder mood kept up the controversy, Virginia passing an act dividing the District of West Augusta into three new Virginia counties, Monongahela, Yohogania and Ohio counties. These three counties all cornered at what is now Wiashington, Pa. O!h.io County lay from Washington toward Wheeling; Monongahela from Washington toward Morgantown, and Yohogania from Washington towards Greensburg. In 1779-I780 in the middle of the Revolution, the boundary controversy was settled by an agreement by which the Mason and Dixon's Line was to be extended to its full length of five degrees of longitude from the Delaware, and a line run thence due north for the western boundary, which was done in I784-5. But under that agreement the government of Virginia in Pennsylvania territory was ended in the latter part of September, I780. Washington County was formed out of Westmoreland County in 1781, and before tihat date the Virginia occupation in any part of Pennsylvania had ceased. Thus it is that, whilst from the earliest settlements in Southwestern Pennsylvania until I780 the most of the settlers were from Virginia and remained Virginia Citizens, and from I1775 had their own civil government in the Monongahela Valley, yet this territory never did belong to Virginia but always to Pennsylvania, until the fence lines were established and marked on the ground. HOME OF CHRISTOPHER STACKER. Ca'rrol Townshil). Built. 1785. 37G 88THE OLD HOME AND THE NEW. FOR THE MONONGAHELA CITY OLD HOME-COMING ASSOCIATION. By Boyd Crumrine, Washington, Pa, Above the Egyptian mantel covering thhe wide-mouthed, not in use, but flower-fronted fire-place of the main sitting room of the restful Saegertown Inn, in which you spent the few days of your last vacation, are placed the.graceful neck, head and antlers of a deer, an old-time Queen Anne's MnLusket, and in a long frame a.. legend in large German text, reading; "3i am an nlb matt anb Iaur llai ntmanl troubls, but mnot of tlent neurr lapptneb." The legend seems to teach us that although every life may have its trials and its struggles, yet that of all its troubles the most of them are from want of coolness and courage to anticipate and meet them as they come. You, of the Monongahela City old Home-coming- Association for the week of September 6-I3, I908, have opened your doors, not to strangers alone who are come for the first time and are welcomed, but to all who were native born, or at any time were residents among you, and now have come again to see what the old home looks like, and to meet at least a few of the old friends of other days. All who have so come in these days are yours and you are theirs; and if it be that any one shall say that he "is an old man and has had many troubles," may all these troubles be obliterated from memory by this week's entertainment! Is there anywhere on earth one, not relapsed into utter savagery, who does not, whatever his age and whatever his condition in life, and wherever he may be, often turn to the thoughts of home, the place where he first came into life, or where in his strong young years he had built a home of his own? To every man and woman in this broad land of ours, or in any lands, there is at least one spot on earth, indelible forever in memory, to which the heart often and often turns, as it turns to-day to many a home along the AMonongahela. When the poet opens his soul to the infinite limits of spirit about him and speaks the words which. fall into the minds of men to stay there, he speaks the words of truth, and truth is depth-moving and everlasting. John Howard Payne, poet, play-writer and play-actor, was born in New York in I79I, the sixth of a family of nine children. His parents dying when he was about thirteen or fourteen, he never afterwards knew what it was to have a home. Although never, perhaps, in absolute want, yet he always felt himself poor, but was honored all over America, England and the Continent by the esteem of the great. He died at the age of sixty years on April Io, I852, when United States Constl at Tunis in Africa, his play-writing and his play-acting days having long before ended. His mortal remains lay for thirty-two years marked by a monument erected to his memory in the Cemetery of St. George at Tunis, until, through the liberality 39At h R L A,N M v Visit the store where your grand-parents used to buy fifty years ago. The store that has been closely coupled with the history, gro.wth and prosperity of dear old,Monongahela. During.old home week a liberal reduction will be made on every article and every yard of go!ods throughout the entire store. Price Saving IOc to 50c on the dollar LEADING DEPARTMENT STORE 241-243 MAIN STREET MONONGAHELA, PA. "OLD HOMES" AND NEW HOMES BOUGHT, SOLD, RENTED and INSURED, "OLD HOME WEEK" AND EVERY W EEK BONDS MORTGAGES MONONGAHELA, PA. REAL ESTATE BOUGHT, SOLD OR EXCHANGED Fire, Life, Accident, Health, Boiler, Plate Glass and Key Insurance. I~~~ _ _ _ I I I I I IIof Wm. W. Corcoran, and the love and sympathy of his countrymen, they were brought to the United States in I883, and, as he belonged to the nation, re-interred in the Congressional Cemetery at Washington, D. C., whilst a thousand voices joined in singing his immortal melody of "Home, Sweet Home." There is a tradition that, whilst this homeless wvanderer was at one time in Paris, he was walking alone aimlessly about the suburbs of the city iate at night, during a turbulent storm which harmonized well with his sown spirit. As he passed a modest but comfortable cottage, the unblinded -windows disclosed a well-warmed, well-lighted room containing the entire lamily. Several happy-looking young-lady daughters were filling the air with music, at the piano, whilst the white-capped mother with her knitting lying idle in her lap, and the be-spectacled father with his book overturned upon his knee, were both silently smiling at the tricks and antics of theyounger boys and little ones scampering and tip-toeing from corner to corner about the floor. AVas it at all strange that the tears which fell from the eyes of this homeless man, as he was held fixed to the pavement by this scene, would not stop until he had set down for the world to love forever the beautiful and soul-filling words of HOME, SWEET HOME. "Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, Be tit ever so humble there is no place like home; A charm from the sky seems to hallow us there, Which, seek through the world, is ne'er met with elsewhere. Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home. There's no place like Home. There's no place like Home. "An exile from Home, splendor dazzles in vain; O, give me my lowly thatched cottage again. The birds singing gaily, that came at my call,Give me them,-and the peace of mind dearer than all. Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home. There's no place like Home. There's no place like Home. "How sweet'tis to sit'neath a fond father's smile, And the cares of a mother to soothe and beguile. Let others delight mid new pleasures to roam, But give me, Oh, give me the pleasures of home. Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home. There's no place like Home. The,-e's no place like Home. "To thee I'll return, overburdened with care; The heart's dearest solace will smile on me there; No more from that cottage again will I roam; Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home, Home, Home, sweet, sweet Home. There's no place like Home. There's no place like Home." You do not imagine, (do you, that this idea of home, for the protection of wife and children, is a matter of mere sentiment? That, beyond provision for a shelter from the storm and for comfort against the heat of summer and the cold of winter, the home is of no practical purpose in the affairs of men? "And what's the use of a new baby?" is a question you have often heard put in a manner not unfriendly to the new baby at all, but as though the questioner supposed that none but a nonsensical answer could be made to it. Far otherwise; for, in its last analysis, the new baby is at the very 40basis of all the higher forms of civil society and self-government; and in the design of the home to take care of him, that th;e end of his existence shall be attained, he is directly in the way of a final adjustment of the matters of this earth, at least, that the purposes of the great Creator and Ruler may be carried out. It would be treason to hold that governments of the people, by th:e people and for the people, are not absolutely necessary. But, with the spirit of independence abroad and touching every individual person in the land, would any association of men for the establishment of such a government, to endure permanently, ever be formed by the voluntary agreement of all, if there were not in each person an element of such all-pervading power over him that, although overlooked as to its actual existence and force, is yet present with all and in such power as to impel them to come togeth:er in such a governmental relation that the well-being of the mass may be best attained? It is the new baby and the home to take care of him, that brings nations into existence. It is the thought of that great thinker, Professor John Fiske, now deceased, as discussed at length in his Destiny of Man, that the fact of the long period of infancy of the child of the human race, is the controlling fact evidencing the intention that man, of all living creatures, shall dominate the earth. The colt, the calf, the pig, and almost every other domestic animal, rises in a day from the place where it is dropped; in a week or so it is racing fleet-footed over the fields, and it soon becomes able to look after its owii wants, and to do without parental aid and sustenance. Man is allotted in the neighborhood of th!ree-score and ten years, a much longer life period than is allotted to any other animal, yet from the time of' his birth, a period of almost one-third of the whole period of human life must elapse before the young fellow becomes able fully to take care of himself and to look out for that which will best fit'him for his work in life, for the remaining two-thirds thereof. And what a pitiable little thing the new baby is for even months of his first existence. He may be pretty to his mother and to some of her true friends, but to his father he is of not much account until his muscles have begun to stiffen, and he starts to show the mettle that is in him; and until eight, nine, ten or fifteen years of age constant teaching is a necessity for him, and watchfulness and anxiety concerning him shall not cease until he is about twenty-one, when he is supposed to be his own man. The idea is not fully developed here of course, but -enough of it is presented to show that a result intended in t'he very nature of things has been brought about. As man is to have dominion over land and sea and over all that in them is, this long period of youthful adolescence, is so protracted as to establish the family relation, to give to the young human being the strength of muscle and bone, and of spirit and manhood, of courage and morality, to fit it for the work of life; and at the same time, by a reflex action upon the parents, to build them up in patience, unselfishness and virtue, civil and moral, kindness and consideration, and other elements of a like nature to build tip the family in the home, and constitute it the unit of the state and nation. WVhy did our forefathers leave the old homes they had established beyond the waters of the unconquered sea, but to better the conditions of their families, of their wives, their sons and daughters, and have better homes for all? WVhy, except to make their own laws and carry on their own methods of government, for the liberties of their own families and homes. was it that our ancestors, settled substantially along the Atlantic Coast, 41with a whole continent stretching towards the Pacific, felt that they must be freed from British domination, even though they had to fight for it, and were made ready for the word that the British forces had started from Boston, for Lexington and Concord, as told in PAUL RlEVERE'S lRIDE, "Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;-'Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year,He said to his friend,'If the British march By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the Belfry arch Of the North Church tower, as a signal light;--onle, If by land, and'two, if by sea; And I on the opposite shore will be, Ready'to ride and spread the alarm Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country folk to be up and to arm. "So through the night rode Paul Revere, And so through the night went his cry of alarm To every Midcdlesex village and farm;A cry of defiance and not of fear, A voice in the darkness, a knock at the door, And a word that shall echo forevermore. For, borne on the night wind of the Past, Through all our history to the last, In the hour of darkness and peril and need, The people will waken and listen to hear The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed, And the midnight message of Paul Revere." In the Monongahela Valley. At the time of the conflict of the American yeomanry with the regular soldiers of the British army at Lexington and Concord, on April I9, I775, more than one year before the thirteen American colonies, in a representative Congress assembled, adopted the final and authoritative Declaration of Independence from the mother country, the settlers in the Valley of the Monongahela, were on the outposts of civilization, and in an exceedingly unique and dangerous condition. It must be remembered that at this date the cabins of the pioneer had extended from the foot of the Alleghany mountains across the Monongahela River and into all sections of the country East of the Ohio, and that many were the crude homes of adventurers here and there set down in little cleared patches by some running stream or some sparkling spring of water. Indeed, there is now no doubt at all that in the Spring of I775 what is now Westmoreland, Washington, Fayette, and Greene counties, and those parts of Allegheny and Beaver South of the Monongahela'and Ohio rivers, were occupied by hardy settlers, from the mouths to the head-waters of all its principal streams, the earliest settlements beginning in old Washington County about I769; with the country round about yet a Wilderness of tall Oaks, Sugars and VWalnuts, and other luxuriant trees, except where the little clearings here and there were marked by the blue smoke curling up above the tree-tops from the cabin chimney of the lonesome pioneer, who for the subsistence of his family 42KENNEDY HOMESTEAD ON MINGO CREEK, BUILT BETORE THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION. ground his corn in a hand-mill for his bread, and for his meat he stalked the wild deer, the bear and the turkey; whilst the stillness of the evening and of the night at all times was often made full of terror by the' scream of the panther, the howl of the wolf and the warwhoop of the merciless Indian. This condition of things existed throughout our valleys and hills not so very long ago. Two full lives of three score and ten years will carry you back to these days. Was n'ot your g'randm!other, whom you well knew in her old days and in your young days, one of three little o-irls who were paddled by their mother alone,-your great grandmother, down the Susquehanna, through hostile tribes of Indians, to meet at the place called Harrisburg, now, their father and your great grandfather, who had been forced to proceed to that point by way of New York and Philadelphia? And do you not remember old George Hupp, the son of Everhart Hupp, who with.George Bumgarner and Abraham Teegarden had settled at t'he mouth of Ten Mile Creek about I769, upon the land a part of which is now occupied by the Town oof Millsboro; that you were a very little boy when this George Hupp, then seventy-five or eighty perhaps, at least an old man, but strong and sprightly, would come to your father's house in the dead of winter, in a coon-skin cap, fringed hunting shirt, deer-skin trousers and moccasins, his old-time tomahawk and long knife stuck in his belt, his powder-horn and bullet-pouch hanging at his side, and his long-barreled flint-lock rifle thrown over his shoulder? Your father liked the generous old man with the loud voice, and the best in the house was put before him, 43and especially the big round-bellied black bottle from the corner cupboard; but you trembled as you listened with strained attention to the tales told by the old man of the stalking of Indians as well as of the panther and bear when on his ranging with his own father; and you will never forget that old rifle, and the tomahawk and scalping knife which had done active service in the days of blood. The Boundary Controversy. Well, to what governmental jurisdiction did our:eariy settlers belong, in the days of Lexington and Concord? There were i::o-. c-olonial governments in force in the Monongahela Valley and the settlers had their choice. Pennsylvania was a proprietary province, whilst Virginia was a crown colony. The grant by King Charles in- i68i, was of aract- named "Pensylvania," embraced within five degrees of longitude Wist'from a fixed point near the Delaware River, and -three degrees of latitde:..North and South, and the grant was to William Penn, his heirs and assighs, in fee. Virginia, on the other hand, being a crown colony, its lands' wereev..ever in the crown, to be granted at -the will of the crown to favorites purchasers. By its' amended charter passed in I6o9, its Northwestern boundary line was absurdly claimed to run due Northwest from a point two:'h-dr-ed' miles on the Atlantic Coast North from old Point Comfort, which'inie:: would have cut diagonally through! Pennsylvania and would have takenifom that province the larger part of its territory; but this extent of claim on the part of Virginia never attracted attention, for even though the Virginia charter antedated the grant to William Penn by about seventy-five years, yet even the crown was estopped by the later grant in fee. No attempt was made by Pennsylvania to measure the extent toward the West of her five degrees of longitude from the Delaware river, and where was the line which niade her Western boundary? Not until about. I735 was the Supreme.Executive Council at Philadelphia informed by rude sketches and information furnished by adventurous traders and trappers who had penetrated beyond the Alleghanies, that entirely beyond the barrier of these mountains there were great rivers and beautiful valleys, and rounded hills clothed withl richness to their very tops, all awaiting the settler's home. Soon afterward arose the trouble between the Pennsylvania authorities and Lord Baltimore as to the location of the southern boundary of Pennsylvania; and somewhere along about 1750 a party of surveyors were' sent out from Philadelphia with compass and chain, to find out whether the Indian village of Logstown, about eighteen miles below the union of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers to form the Ohio, was within the five degrees of longitude Westward granted to WAfilliam Penn. The report of this body of engineers establishing the fact affirmatively, relating the hardships endured, the surprises and wonders accruing to them as they proceeded through the apparently impassable mountain barriers, both by day and by night, fQrm an interesting account in the pages of one of the volumes of our Colonial Records. About this time Virginia, claiming that these lands with the fine rivers and rich valleys West of the mountains, belonged to that colony, and as a crown colony being more vigilant of British interests than her more independent neighbor Pennsylvania, her royal governor Dinwiddie, appointed by the crown, sent a young man named George Washington, a surveyor by occupation, twenty-one years of age only, but of matured intellect and character, to demand from the French what was the meaning of their pro44ceedings in crossing from Lake Erie to the head waters of the Allegheny, and their building of protective forts and blockhouses thereon as they proceeded. And here was the beginning of wheat was known as the French and Indian War, the building of Fort Duquesne on the Point at Pittsburgh; the building and surrender by George Washington of Fort Necessity, just beyond what is now Uniontown, Pa., on July 4, I754; of Braddock's Defeat, just above Pittsburgh, on July 9, 1755; followed by Forbes's E'xpedition in I758, a war lasting for ten years and terminating with the Treaty of Peace of 1763, by which France lost substantially all her possessions on the North American continent that lay East of the Mississippi; this war, involving the English and French nations on land and sea, with such a momentous result, beginning within a circle of perhaps thirty miles from the place of this home coming. It was the interference by Virginia in the affairs of the Mononoahela Valley, just before and at and during the French and Indian War that stirred up thee Pennsylvania authorities to dispute vigorously the pretensions of Virginia in the territory West of the mountains. The Virginia authorities persistently urged that the limit of Penn's five degrees of longitude would, if properly measured, put the Forks of the Ohio and all of what is now Washington, Fayette and Greene counties into Virginia. But Pennsylvania said, No; and when, after long delays in determining the case of Penn and Lord Baltimore, in the English Court of Chancery, in 1767 Mason and Dixon, two eminent English civil engineers, were sent over to locate and mark on t'he ground the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, just where it is to-day. But when these surveyors were within about thirtyeight miles of the point which would have been the end of a line due west from the fixed point at the Delaware, five degrees of longitude in length, they were stopped by the Indians who would not permit them to cross the "Old Warriors' Trail" used by the Indians passing from the North tq the South. And thus the Southwest corner of Pennsylvania had not yet been found and established, from which to run its Western boundary to the North, and the controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia continued, many compromise lines being suggested, buit all refused. The fact is that Lord Dunmore, the then representative of the British Crown in Virginia, was an intense loyalist; he knew what was likely to come on, and preferred that the relations of the American colonies should not be solidified and amicable. In Dunmore's War with the Western Indians, in I774, Pennsylvania had taken no part. But Dunmore in person as the Royal governor of Virginia was along with the body of soldiers who came and returned by way of Pittsburgh. On his return he stopped at Redstone Old Fort (now Brownsville) where he had Thomas Scott, a Justice of the Westmoreland County Court, established by Pennsylvania the year before, who had been arrested by Virginia officials for exercising the functions of a magistrate under the laws of Pennsylvania, to be brought before him for examination, and for possible commitment for trial at Staunton, Va. And this requires an explanation of new conditicns then existing. Immigration into the Monongahela Valley had begun about I765 or I767, the early immigrants stopping in what is now Fayette and Greene counties, and in about I769 it broke over the Monongahela River, and soon spread across to the Ohio. By far the larger part of this immigration came from the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, some of it from Maryland and some from the Eastern part of Pennsylvania towards the Maryland line. Indeed, 45many of the immigra'nts from t'he Shenandoall' Va'lley had in former'days gone thither from "Pennsylvania, some of them German and others ScotclhIrish. So that by'the time that substantially all sections of what is' now Southwestern Pennsylvania had been occupied more or less with the homes of the new settlers, Scotch-Irish, Germans and Quakers as well, and' the boundary line question still unsettledi there came a clash of colonial jurisdictions. In I77I Bedford County was formed by the Pennsylvania authorities, with its county seat at Raystown (now Bedford), the county extending from a line draw'n by Cumberland County on the East' to the limits of the Province on the West, which were not yet ascertained. Persons living on both sides of the Monongahela attended the Pennsylvania Courts of Bedford County held at Raystown. Only two years later, however, in I773, Westmoreland County was created by the Pennsylvania authorities, its Eastern boundary being the ridges of the Laurel Hills range of the' mountains, and its Western boundary being the Western boundary of the State, still in dispute between Pennsylvania and Virginia as to just where. that boundary line was. Old Westmoreland was therefore the mother county of Washington, Fayette, Allegheny, Greene and Beaver, and of other counties to the North of the latter county, and its courts were established at Hannastown, a village about three miles to the Northeast of the present borough of Greensburg; and of course all its officials, -its justices, sheriff, coroner, assessors, constables, etc., were commissioned and appointed in the name of the British Crown, for Pennsylvania was still a province of Great Britain. In the Fall of I774,. when Dunmore's War was over and Lord Dunmore had returned to Williamsburg, then the capitol city of Virginia, the Virginia authorities, to meet the active extension by Pennsylvania over the lands West' of the Alleghanies, established as an appendage to Augusta County, Va., with its county seat at Staunton, far down the Shenandoah Valley, a new political division and called it the District of West Augusta, embracing all of Southwestern Pennsylvania, and extending down along the boundary of old Augusta County into the undisputed part of old Virginia. The county seat of the District of Wes't Augusta was established at' old Fort Pitt, changed in name to Fort Dunmore; and officials were commissioned in the name of the British Crown by Lord Dunmore,-Justices, sheriffs, coroners, assessors, constables, etc., as in Pennsylvania, and on February 2I, I775, in a part of old Fort Dunmore, (now Pittsburgh,) partly then in ruins, began to be held regular sessions of Virginia Courts, in which an extensive business was transacted. Then broke out a mild-mannered war, between the Pennsylvania adherents on the one side and the Virginia adherents on the other, reaching at times almost to bloodshed. One side denominated'-the members of the other as "ruffians, scoundrels," or most usually "banditti." The Pennsylvania Justice of the Peace, serving also as a Judge of the County Court, commissioned by the governor of the. province in the name of his majesty Kilng George III, would issue his warrant for the arrest and commitment of the Virginia justices and others commissioned by Governor Dunmore in the name of the same British King. So, when an assessor appointed by Lord Dunmore to value real a,nd personal property for the assessment of taxes for the District of West Augusta, the poor assessor was arrested and imprisoned in the County Jail at Hannastown, to be Iheld for hearing on the charge of exercising in the county of Westmorela'nd the powers of an official of a foreign government, and vice versa. A number of Pennsylvania officials were arrested in Westmoreland 46County and carried to Staunton for the trial of offences committed in Pennsylvania, and the turmoil resulting in the AMonongahela Valley, from the fact that for five years, from I775 to I78o, two antagonistic governments were exercising jurisdiction over the same people at the same time in the same territory, and that, too,.when the conditions of a new settlement in a new country created a great need for a single and well-established torm of government, may be fully imagined. The War of the Revolution on the Monongahela. W'hen the doings at Lexington and Concord reached the Monongahela Valley, both the Pennsylvania and Virginia; adherents, the latter in a large majority of the whole, though separated into two different peoples, then united in the one common purpose of fighting for their individual rights and privileges, as colonists who had taken up all they had, their lives and fortunes, to better their homes and conditions in a new world. For, when the. people of this valley heard from Lexington and Concord in the early Spring of I775, though bitterly divided amongst themselves in their allegiance to their separate colonial jurisdictions and by the barriers of the mountains cut:off from the colonies on the East, and by the Ohio River beyond which they must not pass into the recognized Indian country, they must not selfishly lag behind in a purpose so common and so great. And observe how our own people, in this section, thus segregated from the American world in that early day, so reluctantly engaged in a contest that might eventually separate them from the mother country which hat' given them birth.! District of West Augusta Meeting. Not quite four weeks after Lexington and Concord, to-wit, on May I6, I775, the news brought by messenger havinig had time to be spread abroad, the Virginia adherents;held a meeting at Fort Dunmore, attended also by a few Pennsylvanians, at which a series of resolutions was passed providing for the organization of all able-bodied men into a militia, and for the procurement of ammunition of which they were sadly in need. The meeting was described at the beginning of the paper reported as "a Meeting of the Inhabitants of that part of Augusta County that lies on the West side of the Laurel Hill, at Pittsburgh," and among the committee named to carry out the provisions: of the resolutions adopted, were John Cannon, the founder of Canonsburg; John McCullough, either the father or the brother of Samuel McCullough, who made the famous horse-back leap over the precipice of Wheeling Hill; William Goe, a Justice of the Fort Dunmore Court living over this river below Old Redstone (Brownsville); George Vallandigham, living near what is now Noblestown, the ancestor of C. L. Vallandigham, of note during our Civil 5War; Dorsey Pentecost, subsequently a leader in Washington County public affairs; Edward Cook, the founder of Cookstown, now Bellevernon, Fayette County; William Crawford, of near the present Connellsville, and seven years afterward burnedat the stake by the Indians at Sandusky, Ohio; Jacob Vanmetre, living in the present Ohio County, lW;est Virginia; George Wilson, from George's Creek in Fayette. County; and Jo'hn Swearingen, on the' East side of the Monongahela above Brownsville, the father of Van Swearingen, the first Sheriff of Washington County. These are not the names of all the "Virginians" who formed the Committee of the District of West Augusta, but enough are given to indicate how widely distributed from the foot of the 47mountains to the O'hio River were the Virginia adherents at the (late referred to. Only two of the long resolutions may be copied verbatim here: "Resolved unanimously, That this committee have'the highest sense of the spirited behavior of their brethren in New England, and do most cordially approve of their opposing the invaders of American r.ights and privileges to the utmost extreme, and that each member of this committee, respectively, will animate and encourage their neighborhood to follow the brave example. "The imminent danger that threatens America in general, from ministerial and parliamentary denunciations of our ruin, and is now carrying into execution by open acts of unprovoked hostilities in our sister colony of MIassachusetts, as well as'the danger to be apprehended to this colony in particular from a domestic enemy, said to be promptedl by the wicked minions of power to execute our ruin, added to the menaces of an Indian war, likewise said to be in contemplation, thereby think to engage our attention, and direct it from that still, more interesting object of liberty and freedom, that deeply, and writh as much justice hath calledl forth attention of all America; for the prevention of all, or any of the impending evils,:it is "Resolved, That the recommendation of the Richmond convention of the 20th of last TMarch, irelative to the embodying, arming, and disciplining'the militia, be immediately carried into execut'ion with the greatest dilligence,'in this country, by the officers appointed for that end; and that the recommendation of the said Convention to the several committees of this colony, to collect from their constituents, in such manner as shall be most agreeable to them, so much money as shall be sufficient to purchase half a pound of gun-powder, and one pound of lead, flints, and cartridge paper, for' every tithable person in the county, be likewise carried into execution. "This committee, therefore, out of -the deepest sense of the expediency'of this measure, most earnestly entreat'that every member of this committee do collect from each'tithable person in their several districts the sums of two shillings and six pence, which we deem no more than sufficient for the above purpose, and give proper receipts to all such as pay the same into their hands; and the sum so collected to be paid into the hands -of Mr. John Campbell, who is to give proper security to this commtittee, or their successors, for the due and faithful application of the money so deposited with hirn for the above purpose, by or with the advice of this committee, or their successors; anl this committee, as your representatives, and who are most ardently la~boring for your preservation, call on you, our constituents, our friends, brethren and fellow sufferers in the name of God, of everything you hold sacred or valuable, for the sake of your wives, children and unlborn generations,'that you will, every one of you, in your several stations, to tlle utmost of your power assist in levying such sum, by not only paying yourselves, but by assisting tlhose who are not at present in a condition to do so. We heartily lament the case of all such as have not this sum at command in this day of necessity; to all such we recommend to tender security to such as Providence has enabled to lend them so much; and this comm'ittee do pledge their faith and fortunes to you, their constituents, that we shall, without fee or reward, use our best endeavors to procure, with the money so collected, the ammunition our present exigencies have made so exceedingly necessary." Westmoreland County Meeting. On the very same day, May I6, I775, was held a meeting of the Pennsylvania adherents at Hannastown, about thirty miles only from Pittsburgh, of which the following record was made. Unfortunately the names of the men who took part at that meeting have not been preserved, but a full copy of t'he written proceedings is here appended for a lesson in true patriotism for the Pennsylvanians of to-day and hereafter. Note the evident effort toward a reform of abuses on the part of the British Parliament, with loyalty to the British Crown, and yet with a conditional Declaration of Independence anticipating that adopted by the Congress of the United Colonies held at Philadelphia more than a year thereafter! And remember that Westmoreland County in that day embraced the whole of Southwestern Pennsylvania as it is to-day. 48"At a general meeting of the inhabitants of the County of Westmoreland, held at Hannastown the 16th day of May, 1775, for taking into consideration the very alarming situation of -the country, occasioned by the dispute with Great Britain: "Resolved unanimously, That the Parliament of Great Briitain, by several late acts, have declared.the inhab'itants of the Massachusetts Bay to be in Rebell,ion, and the min,istry, by endeavoring to enforce those acts, have attempted to reduce the said inhabitan,ts to a more wretched state of slavery than ever before existed in any state or country. Not content with violating their constitutional and.chartered privileges, they would strip them of the rights of humanity, exposing their lives Ito -the wanton and unpunishable sport -of a licentious soldiery, and depriving them of the very means of subsistence. "Resolved unanimously, That there is no reason to doubt but the same system of tyranny and oppression will (should it meet with success in Massachusetts Bay) be extended to other parts of America. It is therefore become the Ind'ispensible duty of every American, of every man who has any publ'ic virtue or love for his country, or any bowels for posterity, by every means which God has put in his power, to resist and oppose the execution of it; that for us we will be ready to oppose it with our lives and fortunes, and'the better to enable us to accomplish it, we will immediately form ourselves into a military body, to consist of companies to be made up out of the several townships under the following association, which;is declared to be the Association of WATestmoreland County: "Possessed with the most unshaken loyalty and fidelity to His Majesty, King George the Third, whom we acknowledge to be our lawful and rightful King, and who we wish may be the beloved sovereign of a, free and happy people throughout the whole British Empire; we declare to the wo~rld, that we do not mean'by this Association to deviate from that loyalty wh,ich we hold it our bounden- duty to observe; bult, animated with the love of liberty, it is no less our du'ty to maintain and defend our just rights (which, with sorrow, we have seen of late violated in many instances'by a wicked Ministry and a corrupted Parliament) and transmit'them entire to our posterity, for which we do agree and associate together, "lst. To arm and form ourselves into a regiment or regiments, and choose officers to command us in such proportions as shall be thought necessary. "2nd. We will, with alacrity, endeavor to make ourselves masters of the manual exercise, and such evolutions as may be necessary'to enable us to act in a body with concert; and'to that end we will meet at such times and places as shall be appointed either for the companies or the regiments, by the officers commanding each when chosen. "3d.'That should our country be involved by a foreign enemy, or should troops be sen't from Great Britain'to enforce the late arbitrary acts of its Parliament, we wiill cheerfully subm'it to military discipline, and to tlhe utmost of -our power resist and o[ppose them, or either of them, and will co'incide with any plan that may be formed for'the defence of America in general, or Pennsylvania in particular. "4th. That we do not wish or desire any innovation, but only that things may be restored to, and go on in the same way as,before the era of the Stamp Act, when Boston grew great, and America was happy. As a proof of this disposition, we will quietly su,bmit to the laws by which we have been accustomed to be governed,before that period, and will, in our several or associa'te capacities, be ready when called on to assist the civil magistrate to carry the same in execut'ion. "5th. That when the British Parliament shall have repealed'their late'obnoxious statutes, and shall recede from their claim to tax us, and make laws for us in every instance; or some general' plan of union and reconciliation has been formed and accepted by America, this our Association shall be dissolved; but till'then it shall remain in full for'ce; and to the observation:of it,' we bind ourselves by everything dear and sacred lamongst men. "No licensed murder. No famine introduced by law. "Resolved, That on Wednesday,'the twenty-fourth instant, the townships meet to accede to the'said Association, and choose their officers." Mark the dignity of character in these resolutions. Yotu wonder who wrote them. Was it Thomas Scott, then residing on Dunlap's Creek near Redstone Old Fort, now Brownsville? He was a strong Pennsylvania adherent, a Justice of t'he Westmoreland County Court, an able and educated man, and when brought before Lord Dunmore the preceding year he had been discharged from his arrest; and when Washington County was organizecl on March 28, 178I, he was made the first Protli'onotary and Clerk of Courts for that county, and was subsequently our representative in the First Congress of the United Stat'es under t'he U. S. Constitution of I789. He it was who had the honor of presenting to the Congress of the new 49ATIS, C SPECIALTIES, ETC. 254 MAIN STREET, Buying Office: STEWART BUILDING, 280 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 7BUGGIES, | - HARNESS RUNABOUTS, and SURREYS | WAGONS WV. J. BLANKENBUEHLERI DEALER IN LARGEST DEALER IN THE VALLEY. 444 Main Street Call and see me. Teleohone 220-R m 6 0 2 (7nation the resolutioi4 which wlien adopted established the capitol of the United States of America on the banks of the Potomac where it now is and will remain. In blood'he was a genuine Scotsman, as tokened by his name. He lived and died a citizen of Washington, in Washington County; his remains still lie in the old Walnut Street burial ground at WVTashington, and since his death he has been represented by many worthy descendants, ancld the record of his work in the early history of our county will keep him in memory. The Revolutionary W\Var came on apace after the Declaration of Independence promulgated by the United Thirteen Colonies on July 4, I776. The boundary controversy, still unsettled between Pennsylvania and Virginia, there were still in the Monongahela Valley two distinct peoples who could come together upon one subject, at least, and that was the cause of America against at this time both the Crown and Parliament of England, in a contest for colonial independence. Until of late years you thought that as the battles that were fought under the Banner of the Republic, then with but thirteen, now with fortysix stars upon it, were all fought within a short distance of the Atlantic Coast, but very few if any at all of the people of Southwestern Pennsylvania took part in those battles. A great mistake! For it is now known to a certainty that out of the -militia of Westmoreland County (then embracing Washington, Fayette, Allegheny, Greene and Beaver counties, remember,) there went forth across the mountains to fight under WVashington in the East, two regimental organizations. -But Virginia had militia organizations here in Monongahela Valley as well as had Pennsylvania; and trom the militia of the District of West Augusta went forth across the same mountain barrier three regimental organizations, known as the Third, Fifth and Twelfth Virginia Regiments, who fought with their Pennsylvania brethren in the same battles for the Union. It is estimated that a third at least of all the able-bodied men from Southwestern Pennsylvania, with their arms and ecuipment, including powder and lead, went out to the East to hear the cannon's roar in the battles for the new flag. And, ah! How about the homes, the wives and children, left behind them, to struggle alone in the cabins of the wilderness surrounded day and night by not only the panther and the wolf, but by the merciless Indians instigated by their owln natural ferocity and by the ten shillings per scalp paid to them by the agents of the British governors of the Canadas, along the great lakes? The almost helpless condition of the people of that day in our.section may be sufficiently illustrated by an original paper which lies before you as you write. But to make it intelligible' it should be stated that by the Declaration of IndepDendence and the other imDortant acts of tlhe colonial Congress following it, the proprietary province of Pennsylvania and the crown colony of Virginia had become two sovereign states of the American Union under the Articles of Confederation, but still the boundary controversy remained undetermined; and in October, 1776, the legislature of Virginia, then become a sovereign state, passed an act dividing the District of West Augusta into three new and complete Virginia Counties,.to-wit, Yohogania, Monongalia and Ohio. These counties all came together at a common corner at or near what is now our town of Washington.' Standing at the reservoir of the Citizens VTater Company near the Washington Cemetery, and looking to the Northeast your eye would overlook Yohogania County, Virginia, with its county seat near the West Bank of the Monongahela, and near the present Allegheny County line. Turning to the right and looking to the Southeast you would oversee Monongalia County, Vir50ginia, with its county seat in the Southern part of Fayette County, not far from the present town of New Geneva.. opposite Greensboro, Greene County. Turning again to the right and looking to the Southwest and West you would have in front of you Ohio County, Virginia, with its county seat at West Liberty about eight miles Northwest of West Alexander. Of these three old Virginia counties, only one, Ohio County, remains, having its county seat at Wheeling, now West Virginia. Each of these Virginia counties established in Pennsylvania territory had a complete militia organization, although many of its arms-bearing men had gone into the patriot army operating in the East. These organizations were under the control of a County Lieutenant over the whole, in each county, with sub-ordinate colonels, majors and captains. A Council of War at Catfish Camp. Passing near the Southern edge of Washington Borough is a small stream of water bearing upon old maps the beautiful Indian name of "The Wissameking." Along its banks just below the Waynesburg Washington Railroad Station, a Delaware Indian called Tingooqua had his hunting lodge. Tingooqua meant "The Cat-Fish" in English, and the locality frequented by him on his hunting tours became the early name of the town laid out on October 13, I78I, first called Bassettown, then Dandridge, and finally A;ashington Town. The great Patrick Henry had become the first governor of Virginia after she had become an independent state in the American Federation, and in the early winter of 1776, reports had been circulated of an invasion oi Indians instigated by Britisli agents along the lakes, to take place in the early Spring thereafter; and on December gth, and again on December I3, I776, respectively, Governor Henry wrote two letters the last of which, addressed to Col. Dorsey Pentecost, the County Lieutenant -of Yohogania County, then residing probably on the Eastern lranch of Chartiers Creek, was as follows: "Williamsburgh, Dec3mber 13, 1776. "Sir: "The'more I consider of the State of things in your Quarter the more I am convinced of the Necessity there is to prepare for Hostilities in the Spring; and although Continental Troops will be stationed on the Ohio, yet the Militia must be the last great Resource from which your safety is derived. "In order to form something resembling Magazines, for the Present, I have ordered about six Tons of Lead for West Augusta; and that this article may be depositod in the P)roper places, I wish you to Summon a Council of Field Officers and Captains, and Take -their Opinions which places are the fittest for Magazines in the three Counties of Yohogania, M.onaungahela, and Ohio, and Transmit the result to me. "I wish you would please to find out where Cap't. Gibson's Cargo of Powder is, and let me know. In the Council of Officers I would desire it Should be consideredl whether the Militia with you want any Article Government can furnish, and what it is, for be assured it will give me great pleasure to contribute to your Safety. I am of Opinion that unless your People wisely Improve this WVinter you may pro,bably be Destroyeed. Prepare then to make resistance while you have Time. I hope by your Vigorous Exertions your frontier may -be Defended, and if necessity shall require some assistance be afforded to Combat our ~European Enemies. "I have great Expectations from the Number and known Courage of your militia, and if you are not wmanting in foresight and preparation they will do great things. Let a plan of Defence be fix'd and settled beforehand; I mean, principally, the places of Rendezvous and the officers wTho are to Act as well as to Provide speedy and certain Intelligence. Let the Arms be kept in Constant repa.ir and readiness, and the Accoutrements properly fixed. It will')e proper to send out Scouts and Trusty Spies Toward the Enemy's Country to bring you accounts of their Movements. I wise great care may be used in the Nomination of Military,Officers with you, as so much depends on a proper appointment. 51"You will please to give strict attention to the great Objects here recommended to you, and I shall be Happy to hear of the safety of your People, whose Protection Government will Omit Nothing to accomplish. I am Sir Your Mo. Ob. Serv't. Col. Dorsey Pentecost, P. Henry, Junr." The meeting of the council thus recommended took place at "Catfish Camp", the point where all three of the Virginia counties came togetlier, on January 28, 1777. At the first day's session on said date there were present the following militia officers: For Yohogania County, Dorsey Pentecost, County Lieutenant, John Cannon, Colonel, Isaac Cox, Lieut. Col., and Henry Taylor, Major; for Ohio County, D'avid S,hepherd, County Lieutenant, Silas Hedge, Colonel, David McClure, Lieut. Col., and Samuel McCullough, AMajor; and for Monongalia County, Zachwell Morgan, County Lieutenant, and John Evans, Major; and there were present also thirty-two captains, among whom were: John Munn, John Wall, Gabriel Cox, William Scott, Joseph Tumbleson, Benjamin Frye, M\atthew Ritchey, Samuel Meason, John Pearce Duvall, J'ames Brinton, Vinson Colvin, james Buckhannon, Reason Virgin, William I-arrod and David Williamson. Col. Dorsey Pentecost was unanimously made president of the council, and Col. David McClure was chosen clerk, or, as both spelled and pronounced in that day, "Clark." The president called the council to order, presented the letters from the governor, and upon motion a committee consisting of divers colonels and captains, was appointed a "Select Council, to consider of the before mentioned letters, and make their Report to this Council, to be by them Re-considered; and the Council adjourned until to-morrow, Io o'clock." The record of the next day's proceedings was as follows, verbatim: "January 29th, 1777. "The Council met according to adjournment, present as yesterday, and Col. Isaac Cox was unanimously Chosen Vice President. "Colo. Pentecost from the Select Council delivered the following resolutions, which he read in his place and then handed them to the Clark's Table, where they were read a second time. "Resolved, That it is the opinion of your committee, That the following is the Proper Places for Magazines in the District of West Augusta, (vizt) the House of Gabriel Cox in the County of Yohogania, the House of John Swearingen in the County of Monaungaliela, the House of David Shepherd in the County of Ohio; and thlat the six Tunns of led to be sent to this District, mentioned in his Excellency's letter of the 131th of December last addressed to Colo. Pentecost, be divided in the following manner and deposited at the before Mentioned places, (vizt) for Yohogania Coun.ty 2 1-2 Tunns; for the Monaungahela County 24 Tunns; and for the Ohio County 1I/4 Quarter Tunns, being (as this committee conceives) as equal a Division of the said led and other ammun,ition that may be sent to this District, according to the number of People in each County as may be. "Resolved that his Excellency the Governor be requested to send with all convenient Expedition, Powder Equivalent to the be-fore mentlioned Led; which agreeable to the Rifle use is one pound of Powder to two pounds of Led, with Ten Thousand flints. "Resolved, that in consequence of his Excellency's Request, and that'it is highly necessary, and it'is accordingly Strongly recommended to Colo. Pentecost, to send a Capt. 50 men down the Ohio to finc out if Poss,ible where Capt. Gibson's Cargo of Powder is, and conduct it up to the Settlements; and'that it is the Opinion of this Council that the Officers and Men to be Employed in'this Business Deserves doulble Wages. "Resolved, as the opinion of your Committee, That upon the best Information they Can at -this Time Collect, that one third of the Militia of this District'is without Guns occasioned by so many of the Regular Troops being furnished with Guns out of the Militia of this District, and that one half of the remaining Part wants Repairs. "Resolved, therefore, that Government be requested to send up to this district One Thousand Guns, Rifles if Possible to be had, as Muskets williby no means be of the same service to defend us against an Indian Enemy. 52"Resolved, for the Purpose of Repairing Guns, making Tommehocks, Sculping Kn'ives, c., that Proper Persons ought to be Employed in each County, at the Public Expense; and that Thomas ~William Parkenson be appointed in the County of Yohogania, and that they Immediately open Shop at their House on the Monaungahela River, for the above purpose; and that'they make with all Possible Expedition all the Rifle Guns they can, and a sufficient number of Tommehocks Sculping kn'ives, c., and that the County Lieut. Receive them, or direct the Distrilbultion thereof. "Resolved, that Robert Currie be Employed for the above Purpose in the Monaungahela County, and that he open Shop at his own Dwelling House in the forks of Cheet. "Resolved, that Thomas Jones (or some other proper Person to be appointed by the County Lieut.) be appointed for the above in the Ohio Counfy, to open Shop at the House of Colo. Shepherd. "Your committee having Maturely Deliberately considered the Truly Critical and Distressed situation of this Country, and with the deepest Anxiety have viewed the very Recent cruel depredations committed on our people by our relentless Neighbors the Indians, and with the utmost regard have considered his Excellency's Recommendations to prepare for Hostilities iin the Spring, and tlo prepare to make defence while we have Time, to form a plan of Defence for this Country, are of the opiin'ion Ithat if no field Officer appear to Take th,e Command of the Troops now Raised and Raising in'this District, at the next meeting of the different Committees, that the sI Committees forthwith Order the sd Troops to such places on the frontiers as they shall think proper, for'the Present Protection of the Inhabitants, and at least one hundred of sd Troops be ordered to Grave Creek Fort; and in case the said Troops are not stationed as aforesaid, th'en the County Lieut. of Yohogania C'ounty is requested'to order a Lieut. and 25 men to Baker's Fort, and a Lieut. and 25 to Isaac Coxies on the Ohio; and that the County Lieut. of Ohio County order a Lieut. and 25 men to the Beech Bottom,'and a Lieut. 25 men to the Grave Creek Fort; and that the County Lieut. of Monaungahela County order a Capt. 50 men to be stationed at the lhlouse of Capt. Owi4n Davis's at the head of Dunkard Creek, and a Lieut. 25 Men to Grave Creek to augment that Garrison to 50 men; Thiose men to be ordered'at such Time as the County Lieuts. shall think. Proper and the Exigency of the Times Require; land that Militia be Drafted, Officered (and held in constant Rediness) to Rendezvouse at the following Places in the following manner:"(H,er,e is mentioned the active Officers, the place of Rendezvouse in each County, which are the places of the Magazines, the drafts and who heads them from each Company, which is 15 Privates, one sergt, and a Commissioned'Officer, maki'ng in the whole about 1,100 men). "Resolved, unanimously, that upon the first Hostilit'ies being committed on our settlements,!that the County Lieu't.'in whose County the same may happen, Immediately call a Council of the three countys, as Proper measures may be persued for the Chastisement of the Cruel Perpetrators. "Agreed to in full Council, A Copy [Signed] "David MLcClure, Clark." End of the Boundary Controversy. These transactions of these troublous times were the doings'of the Virginia Militia of the Monongahela Valley; and it-may be safely assumed that the Pennsylvania militia over the same territory were not behind them in activity and vigilance, but only in numbers. Only a single incident by way of illustrating the terrors of the life of the pioneer and of the life of his family in those days. The cabin of Major Henry Taylor, one of the militia officers of Yohogania County, present at this Council of War on January 28, 29, I777, was upon the high lands about one mile only Northeast of our Washington of to-day. Somewhere about the time of this council he was absent from home assisting in the defence of a fort or blockhouse on the WVestern borders of our present county of Washington, besieged by the Indians. Ammunitioo n running low Major Taylor under cover of the darkness slipped from the fort unobserved, and late in the night made his way to his home for a fresh supply. To ihis horror he found that his wife and three little children whom ihe had left in his cabin were there no longer. Supposing they had been taken captive by the Indians then prowling in numbers throughout the country, but 53fearing to disclose his presence at home by striking a light for a search, he hurriedly procured the ammunition desired and returned to the fort. On the coming morning it was found that the siege was raised and the enemy departed, when with help from the men from the fort he hurried back to his home and found that his wife, alarmed at the prolonged absence of her husband, had early in the evening taken the. children with her to the woods, where a large tree ihad blown down leaving at its upturned roots a deep hole which had filled with dry leaves, and that in these leaves she had covered up herself and the children for the n'ight. Her agony during the long hours of darkness was heightened by the distant cry of the panther, and as well by the overpowering fear that a cry from one of the children might bring upon her and them the yell of lurking savages. The hostilities anticipated for the Spring of I777, did not occur, at least to the expected extent. Perhaps the preparations made to meet them had become noised abroad and had frightened the dreaded enemy. But the boundary controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia still continued ulndetermined. Its determination, however, had become more easy as the War of the Revolution proceeded. WAhat seemed to be impossible whilst Pennsylvania was a proprietary province and Virginia a crown colony, both, although unequally, under the power of the British Parliament, became possible when both the contestants were independent states of a federation, then at war with the parent country. So it was that in I779, commissioners from the respective states met in conference at Baltimore, and after much deliberation an agreement was finally reached, which, subject to ratification by the legislatures of the two states, was to terminate the boundary controversy that had been a matter of heated contention for nearly thirty years. That agreement was in substance that Mason and Dixon's line should be extended on the same parallel from the point to which the engineers had marked it in 1767, when stayed by the Indians, to a point which measured in full five degrees of longitude from the fixed point on the Delaware, thus establishing the Southwest corner of the State of Pennsylvania; and a line run due North from that corner should constitute the Western boundary of our State. Fortunately that agreement was finally ratified by the legislatures of Pennsylvania and Virginia the following winter, having an important condition attached, to-wit, that where lands falling- within the newly determined limits of Pennsylvania'had been settled upon under the laws of Virginia, the rights acquired by the settlers thereby should be thereafter respected by the land-office o'f Pennsylvania in the granting of patents to such settlers, their heirs and assigns. And on September 24, I780, the last Virginia Court was held within the present limits of Pennsylvania, Virginia's occupation of any portion of Pennsylvania was ended, and thenceforth the early Virginia settlers in the Monongahela Valley became and have since remained entirely loyal Pennsylvanians. On the formation of Washington County by an act of assembly passed on March 28, I781, many of the former Virginia adherents were made public officials of the new county. As an instance, only, among many; manly others, Major Henry Taylor, a member of the Council of WVXar' noted above, said to have emigrated from Cecil County, lMaryland, but always a consistent Virginia adherent, afterwards became Colonel and County Lieutenant, and subsequently Brigadier General of the militia, and on the organization of Washington County in 1781'he was commissioned as the presiding Justice of the several county courts, and presided at the first term of court of that county, held on October 2, I78I. In I783 lie was succeeded in that office by Col. Dorsey Pentecost, an ardent Vir54ginian, and also a leader thereafter in the public affairs of Pennsylvania. And so it is that as to the titles to lands throughout Southwestern Pennsylvania, as they are held to-day, very, very many of them, had their. origin in certificates of settlement granted to settlers under the Virginia Laws by Virginia commissioners holding sessions and hearing proofs of settlements at points along the iMonongahela River in the winter of I779 and the following year of I780. May we not, then stand upon the proposition, not, of course, stated for the first time in this paper, but well established though seldom remembered, that the labors, trials and sufferings of our pioneer immigrants, in passing over mountain barriers known only to the daring adventurer, to seek a new home in the wilderness; in finding that home upon the waters of the Monongahela or Ohio; in starting with the little clearing where the cabin was hurriedly placed in some apparently favored spot, and where the daylight hours were full of lonely toil and the night-time full of restlessness and terror; that these and a hundred other impediments to peace and happiness,-and in addition the natural bickerings and contests between individuals, by reason of the existence over the same locality but over two peoples of not one government for the regulation of individual rights, but of two governments each exercising jurisdiction at the same time over the same territory, each with its different laws for observance, and each with its own judicial system, and its own executive officials,-was not all this endurance of toil and suffering and hardship but the result of an instinct as deep as the depth of all nature herself, to establish for each one a home and a family? How few of these pioneers then knew, and how few of their descendants of this day think of the fact, that the establishment of this home and family was to be, in the order of nature herself, for the fouptdation upon which the Nation. was to arise! You, who have reached the ordinary limit of three score years and ten, have been building, year by year, like the Chambered Nautilus, the home of your individual life on earth. Beginning with a small cell for the infant life, chamber after chamber has been added of pearly brightness, until the dwelling of your life has rounded out as the years advanced, its brightness of color never diminishing, even though here and there for the years of the past there are the scars of the wounds of conflict. Go back, now, with the light of memory through each chamber in which you have dwelt, and look again at what you may see. You see, with the vision of your early days, off at a distance from the house of your birth, an old log cabin near an old spring, where cool waters come,,from the foot of the rock or from the roots of an ancient Birch or Oak. The walls'of this cabin, of but one small room, are of logs hewn within and without and chunked and daubed with clay; the battened door,-,there is but one, becomes barred, when the leather strap which lifts the heavy latch within is.pulled inside; t'he fireplace is cut widely from the end of the room, and the chimn.ey is'strongly built on the outside, large stones well mortared for the base, and short sticks of wood held by clay to become hardened by the heat _that comes up from the place of warmth within; and from the little windo.ws,few in number and high from the ground, comes the light of the little hoffie fro'fomthe lard oil lamp or tallow candle, which sets up a beacoit light for the belated traveler. This was the home of your pioneer grandfather and grandmother, who were ever ready, sitting by the fireside of the more substantial dwelling, built in later days by him and'his sturdy sons, one of whom was your father, to 55BIRTHPLACE OF BOYD CRUIRINE. Built by his Grarndfather in 1S05.tell you of the hardships of the past. The old cabin was still preserved sacredly intact, until the grandfather and grandmother had passed away. The cabins of the early days were improved later by the building of the broad-mouth fire-place and chimney of brick, or dressed stone laid with mortar and within the room. Still later, two cabins were put up, end to end, with a space under a covered way between. One of the rooms thus connected served as the cooking and eating room; the other as the living room. But the log cabin of either style has about disappeared forever, and the little clearing in which it stood has widened into broad acres of regularly cultivated fields. But the house in which life came to you and to your sisters and brothers, was built of larger dimensions. It was made of heavy logs, chunked and daubed, two stories in height, finished in oak throughout; and though at this date more than a century old, it trembles not in the fiercest storm, and a pin cannot enter between the oaken boards of the floor. You remember it as it was in your boyhood days, with its red weather-boarding on the outside; its large fire-places in large rooms, as well as in the kitchen where the crane hung over a back-log of such length that it might have been riven into fence stakes, and on the crane hung the dinner pots, and in front of them on the broad hearth, and to the right and left, stood the old-time Dutch-oven, with its aids, and the old-fashioned "Reflector," for hot biscuits in relief of the old-style bake-oven near at hand on the outside. Yes, and you remember the barn below the house on the slope therefrom, as it was in those early days, built of logs alone and thatched with straw; large rooms for storing grain on each side of the grain-tight barn floor wide enough to turn a loaded team in almost, and how that many a time in your dreams you would fall from the floorless loft above, in an agony of fear, until you would awake all right just before you struck that floor. To the left of the barn, as you saw it from the house, stood the horsestable, and to the left of the stable, but nearer the house was the "SpringHouse," carefully constructed of stone of even thicknesses clear around, with the large stone basin where the milk was kept out of which was made all the butter-milk you wanted, and in front and under the same roof was the famous spring, let into a basini cut from the solid rock. In front of the spring lay a slab of smooth stone, on which as a cool spot would collect in the summer weather a green vegetable growth which made it very slippery; and you remember well when alone at the spring, in skirts,-for you had not yet been admitted into trousers,-you got thirsty and lay down on your stomach to get a drink out of the cool water, without a gourd or a tin cup; and just as you were succeeding you plouted in heels over head! How you managed to crawl out you never could remember, but you did it, and as, wet. and dripping from head to foot, you mustered up the pathway to the ihouse, you were quickened by the question, "Where've you been?" when your answer was, "I fell into the spring, but got out again." The last words were thought to make a sufficient excuse for the first part of the reply. The old house, plain, but commodious and comfortable, received more than fifty years ago, Ihowever, a complete new dressing in new weather-boarding with white paint on the outside, whilst within, with other changes, the wide fire-places were taken out, and in their stead were placed modern fire-places for the "stone-coal" of the hills. This was the typical dwelling erected by the pioneer after he had conquered the wild ways of the wilderness, or by the pioneer's son when the pioneer's days on earth were ended. Many of this class of dwellings here and there over the lands of the Monongahela Valley 57were of stone well dressed or of brick well laid, and as they still endure and will last for the hereafter they are at this day not unknown to all. But, since the dwellings of the people of the middle days, which were the early homes of the strong men now in active life, we have had the turnpike road and stage coach; the railroad; the telegrap'h; the telephone; the electric dynamo for both light and heat; the sewing machine; the typewriter, the spinning jenny for the old-time spinning wheel, natural gas and oil,-and now the automobile-both for town and country;' and for the city, the arc-light hangs over paved streets, lined with sky-scrapers that tower to the skies. The mind cannot grasp at once all the great things we enjoy to make the labors of life lighter, which our forefathers had not; whilst the' homes that we see to-day for the bringing up of the little ones, rival in com-. forts, conveniences and elegances the palaces looked upon by the people of the old worlds. Let us not speculate, however, as to what we yet may have, for our physical comforts and conveniences in the future, but "Bu:ild,thee more sta,tely mansions, O my soul! As the swift seasons roll, Leave thy low-vaulted past; Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leavring *thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea!" ALEXANDER RESIDENCE ON MEADE STREET. 58JOSEPH HAMlLTON. Joseph Hamilton of whom the above is an excellent likeness taken from an old daguerreotype, was the sixth child of William Hamilton. He was born in York County, but came to Ginger Hill shortly after reachinig manhood. Two strong ties in particular attracted him toward Washington County. David Hamilton, Esq., his brother-in-law, and General John Hamilton were both residents of this county; the latter being the first sheriff on the county and a man of prominence in the Whiskey Insurrection, having been paraded through the streets of Philadelphia, thrown for some time in the cells and compelled to wear the word "insurgent" in -his hat, but acquitted. Soon after coming west, Joseph Hamilton was married, January 7, 1813, to Margaret, daughter of William Ferguson, of Pigeon Creek. For more than a quarter of a century following he resided in Monongahela (then Willianlsport) where he wrought his trade as carpenter and house builder andl also conducted the Public Inn at the poilt where the city Block now stands. In 1841, having bought the Ginger Hill farm of Esquire David Hamilton he removed there and livedl until November 9. 1849. Eight children were born to him as follows: Sarah, Mary Jane, Margaret, Harriet, William, David Ralston, John andl Miartha. David Ralston is still living on the Ginger Hill place and is the sole survivor. Harriet was married to Hon. T. R. Hazzard from whom the Hazzards now living in Monon-'ahela are descended. John Hamilton another child of Joseph Hamilton was married and is survived by his widow and cne child. Mrs. Elizabeth Coulson, now living on the farm at Ginger Hill. About fifty other descendants of Joseph Hamilton and his wife Margaret, including children, grandlchildren ahid great grandchildren survive. WITHEROW BLACKSMITH SHOP. Wins built (no one knows when) and bad a wTidespread renutation when iron and salt was transported from the East of the mountains on horse back. fSamuel Witherow was blacksmith here for over half a century and John (standing at the door) worked here for over 60 years. John Witheroiw was born Feb. 5, 1821 and died Nov. 24, 1905. Picture in possession of'Miss Margaret Witherow. 59ESTAB LISIIED 1864. Bi.. Sutman Company BHakry and Confectiouery and manufacturers of Ice Cream and Ices. WHOLESALE-RETAIL Fresh Baltimore and New York Oysters in season. Home-made Candies Salted Nuts. Picnics, Weddings, Festivals, Famlilies, Excursions, Private parties Supplied Furnished with Ice Cream, Candies and Cakes-any color or shape-made to order. H. C. SUTM AN COMPANY 248 MAIN STREET, MONONGAHELA CITY. -~II.I IIII ~ -- i -r, ~~~~~~~~ I II, s~~~~~~~~~~ -- ---- L L I d L y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U. S. GOVERNMENT INSPECTION ESTABLISHMENT No. 365, Fried Reineman Packing Co. PORK PACKERS AND SAUSAGE MANUFACTURERS Packing Houses: Spring Garden Ave. Filbert St., NORTH SIDE, PITTSBURG, PA. Members American Mieat Packers Ass'n....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~THE PARKINSON FAMILY. The earliest pioneers were of English descent and came with Lord Baltimore to America, becoming members of the historic Conocoheague settlement in Maryland. Between the years of I768-70 five Parkinson brothers, Joseph, Benjamin, Thomas, James and William came from Virginia to the M'onongahela Valley. Memorandums and documents still in existence give ample proof that this family possessed educational advantages and culture far surpassing the usual curriculum of the times. The Parkinson brothers came to Pennsylvania in search of a valuable mill site, which was then a primary object of nearly all the earliest pioneers in the region. Mills were then erected all along the river, and also on some of the smaller streams which afforded more water power at that GRAVE OF BENJAMIN PARKINSON, MINGO CEMETERY, date than in the present day. The Parkinsons were among the first to erect a river mill, at that time an undertaking of great magnitude, on account of the necessary expense. This fact combined with the constant danger of their destruction by ice and floods, deterred many from investing their time and capital in so hazardous an enterprise. But if these mills were once completed with reasonable safety from destruction, they were a veritable mine of wealth to the fortunate owner. The brothers before mentioned devoted their energies almost without exception to manufacturing industries, and among the commodities they produced are named whiskey, woolen goods, flour, furniture, guns, timber, boats, glass and paper. 60Eenjamin Parkinson (a nephew of the Benjam'n Parkinson, who was an active participanlt in the Whiskey Insurrection) was one of the most industrious of our early settlers. He erected the river mills opposite Minglo, the location of which there is nothing left remaining to indicate, although many of the old pilots on the steamboats call point out the course of the old "chutes." These dams were constructed with a long cribbing of logs filled in with stone, extending up stream on both sides of an opening in the dam, through which keels of flat boats could pass up and down. The dam itself was not more than 3 feet in height and the, power was obtained by placing an ulderchute o' breast-wheel of about thirty inches in diameter immediately below the comb of the dam in such a position that the current striking it on the upper side, passed under it. These wheels were sometimes 28 feet or more in length, and so great was the power obtained that no machinery attached ever stopped their imovemnent. If it becamse disarranged, or choke(l and clogged, the trundleshaft, ten or twelve inches in size, constructed of the strongest wood, was instantly twisted off, while the wheel continued to revolve in the current. As the smaller mills were stopped during dry w'eather the settlers came a distance of many miles to the river mills. They were often compelled to wait many days for their turn, meanwhile camping out or staying with the hospitable owner. Night and day, week in ald week out was heard the incessant clatter of the mill, and the swvash of the wheels constantly mingled with the movement of the hurrying stream. Stories of wild animals, Indians or the ghostly banshee furnished an unailling supply or maerlial ior Iu e BENJAMIN PARKINSON, many blood-curdling tales with which the men were wont to beguile their waiting hours. Thrice was the old Parkinson mill torn from its foundation by ice gorges in the river, only to be rebuilt. Finally a boat-load of salt was wrecked on the dam, and an interminable lawsuit followed which was many times more exp)ensive than the original value of the: salt. This affair so impoverished the owner that when the ice again destroyed the mill it was never rebuilt and thus this historical land mark faded forever. Several years later, the old Parkinson homestead, a large brick of fourteen rooms was burned and many valuable papers and relics were then destroyed. Among the latter were the remains of an English pipe-olgan, and through the scattered reed the wind drew weird music, so that those that heard the lyric strains declared the place to be haunted. Benjamin Parkinson was married in 1796 to Olivia Rodgers, daughter of James Rodgers, who emigated from the north of Ireland, and in 1786 located in Washington Co.. Pa. Benjamin Parkinson was accustomed to make annual trips with flour to New Orleans and the French settlements in Louisiana, and the silver obtained from each barrel of flour would, it is said, sometimes cover the top of the barrel. When making these trips by flatboat he took a horse on which to ride home, a distance of 12 to 1,500 miles. On one occasion, while crossing a bend of the Mississippi, he was taken a prisoner by the Indians, but a thunderstorm so terrified his captors that he was enabled to escape the same night. Mr. Parkinson died in 1851 and was buried in the Mingo Cemetery. Son of Benjamin and Olivia Parklinson, was born in the homestead in Allegheny County, Pa. In his early days he followed the river, at one tine he and his brother James owned and ran several steamboats, later he built a saw mill and carried on boat building, then erected a paper mill at Elkhorn just below the old hoimestead. After the war he went south anld purchased a plantation, returned later to Pennsylvania where he died..Mr. Parkinson owned in early days the farm now called Bellevidere. He built the old house later known as the "Black Homestead." In the meadowland in front of his residence he had a race course in circular form running among the trees up to about 3rd Street, which was thein called Race Street named after this race track. WM, PARKINSON. 61Patent No..3783 given to Joselh Parkinson- onl May 11, 1796 entitling him to all the laind from Pigeon Creelvk d]own to almost 3rd St. The dividing:line runs between the Crall and AMerdith Buildings on Main St. This Patent was the one that was given to Abraham Decker on Aug. 26, 1769 and was held Ibyhim until it came in,os~ession bf Parkinson. This valuable piece of paper is now in the -possession of Albert Gregg of this city.HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MONONGAHELA CITY. By John S. VanVoorhiis, A. M., M. D. Nature did wonders to the past, the presenl and the future in its formation of Western Pennsylvania. The beauty, sublimity and grandeur of creation is no where more eloquently displayed than in the Monongahela Valley. Its rocked ribbecl m;untains filled with untold wealth ready for the developing hand of capital and skilled labor; its valleys clothed in primitive verdure; its everflowing str.ams belching forth uncontaminated water quenching the dry land and verifying all animated matter. The morning sun sheds its earliest rays on the mountain tops and its latest beams of light linger and J. S. VanVoorhis, A. M., M. D. play in the valley. Prior to the unfortunate Braddock defeat, the valley appeared mture of a dream than a reality of the future. WVashington was not slow to take in the vast resources of this region of Western Pennsylvania as was evidence- by his frequent visits as surveyor of the Ohio Land Company. Shortly after the middle decades of the iSth century we find the good Scotch Irish, the Germans, the French, from Eastern Virginia, Eastern Pennsylvania and the old country, hastening to occupy this land of promnise, so rich in all thac: tend -o make man "healthy, wealthy and wise." The Declkers, the Halls, the Parkinsons, Fromans, Wicikerhams, Depues, Fryes, Colvins, Platters, Crawford, Witherows, Van Voorhis' et al., early selected the territory watered by tlle strcealnms of'laple, Pigeon an,l'Jingo Creeks and the Monor!gahela River, with concentrated predictions that the Parkinson plateau would be in the future the center of that industry which in these modern days so distinguislhes M[onongahela. The Deckers claimed originally, but the Board of Property decided finally in 179,6 that Joseph Parkinson was legally entitled, to the tract o' land on which Monongahela City is now situated. In pursuance of such dec'sion the patent granted in I769 was given to Parkinson. First sale of lots in 1792 was a failure, the second sale was financially a success. In I770 the Parkinsons arrived from the East and tarried for a time with the D'eck-r; in t'i lo) h-use that stood near the spring on that part of the land known now as the Van Voorhis Homestead. Near this spot the Parkinsons erected the famous mill remodeled by McFarland and Van Voorhis and demolished a few years ago. In what year Toseph Parkinson erected and moved into the first house in town we do not know. That was known as "The Parkinsol Inn" The original part was log and the a-!cli ion with its porch was frame. In this Joseph Parkinson kept a small store and tavern. He d:ed April 28, I834. Parkinson Ferry was the name of the tprimitive Post Office and J oseph Parkinson was the first Plost Master and the present Post Master is a Parkinson. The original town extended from Ford, now First Street, to Race, now Third Street. 63The tract of land adjoining was patented by Paul Froman and sold to Adam,v ickerham, March 13, I793, on which he laid out Georgetown in 18o7, and in I8i6 was made part of Williamsport. That was the name of the Post Office after I833. In 1837 the Post Office was changed to Monongahela City and in 1873 the town was incorporated into a city. OLD VAN VOORHIS MILL, On Pigeon Creek which stood opposite the old homestead. Was owned first by Parkinson in 1784, by AIcFarland. 1791 and by Van Voorhis from 1.843 until 1877 when it was demolished. McGOUGH'S RESIDENCE. The old part of which was built by WNrm. Irwin in 1802, being the first brick house to be built in town. 64The first brick house in the town was erected in I802 by William Irwin and is still standing near the corner of iMain and First Streets. Geo. Trout built in I802 the house on M'ain Street long kept as a tavern by Joseph Caldwell. The well known City Hotel, so long used by Joseph Hamilton, was built by Washington Palmer in i8II. The brick row in the gut was erected in 1836. The stone for the foundation was taken out of S,cott's Hollow up Pigeon Creek.;Villiam Ihmsol had it built for a business house and dwellings for his workmen connected with his glass factory erected on the Island in I834. William Ihmson had in the early thirties a store in the building adjoining the Irwin building on Main Street. CALDWELL HOTEL BUILT T BY GEO, TROUT IN 1802, Benjamin Butler and family on their way to Ohio, stopped over night at this hotel, Oct. 6, 1805. The next morning MIr. Butler died which caused a delay in the trip and the family at last decided to make this place their home. Capt. Ira R. and Joel Butler were both members of this family. Among the many landlords of the hotel were Geo. Trout, Josepnh Caldw ell, A. T. Gregg and John Chessrown. In I796, Samuel Black appeared in the town as a merchant trader. He had his store in the well known "Red Holuse" on the River Bank near Ford Street, erected by Joseph Parkinson. Near this house resided Dick iManks, the ferryman. He was the first colored man in the town even antedating Charley, the beer man, and Elijah Thos. Bowman. The old frame house still intact on Main S;treet, built by'Samuel Black in 1815, was long the residence of Dr. S. M. King, son-in-law of Samuel Black. In I8o5, James Warne built the house above Sitewarts Alley in which Joseph Wilson so long resided. In I820 Warne bought from Jos. P'arkinson the farm above Catsburg, where he died in I855. The old Glass Factory, corner of Chess and Second Streets was built by MWarne, Parkinson Co. in I816. This company issued for convenience, bank notes redeemable in goods etc., at tlheir store. In I830 Chas. Bollman erected the brick house just below Bollman's Alley in which he had a store. The house, in after years, was destroyed by fire, the first fire in the town. He had it re-erected in a very short time. He cashed the shin plaster currency issued by A. L. Williams. This instituted the first clearing house in the valley. 65OLD CITY HOTEL, Built by Washingto Pallner in 1811.ilst before he went into the army writh James Warne's Co. Joseph Hamilton, Helnry Wilson. Caleb Harvey and Wr. H. Wilson were landlords in this tavern. In early days when Joseph Hamilton was proprietor the stage-coach and horses were kept here. It was also the first voting pllace xwhen the pllace was changed from Parkinson Ferry to Williamsport. This spot is now occupied by the MeCur(dy, iMeredith Borland buildings. BRICK ROW BUILT BY WM, IHMSON IN 1836. 66A. B. Chess built the Miansion House occupied by old Daddy Rose for many years as a hotel. In later years he had a tavern on the corner of MAain and Second Streets. His trade principally consisted of first-class gingerbread and spruce beer. The old lady witlh her cargo mentioned did not miss being present at General Muster days at Ginger Hill and Valley Inn. William, Parkinson and Nathan Chalfant were the first boat,builders. A. B. Chess was the farmer. Dr. Rose and Dr. Scott I(ing, the early physicians. Joseph;McClure was the first cabinet and coffin maker. Chas. \Wells the saddler and horse-geers maker, no harness then. J. and R. IMcGrew hatters. John Lamb first tanner and then John Cooper, James Gordon and Mat'hew Fleming. Aeneas Graham was an early tailor. He erected the old brick house on corner of M\ain and Third Street. Frederick Layman the tailor emigrated from Germany and came direct to Williamsport in I807. In I834 he erected the old brick on the Northeast corner of MAain and Church A,lley, now occupied by the building of S. C. Markell. \AV. P. Biles was the primitive lawyer. His peculiar ethics was to charge so much for the case if he found the witnesses and so much if the other fellow found them. 040.|The bric....,k house known as the Juniata Iron Factory was erected in''834 by C. W. Bryant. Thi s building had inits belfry, the first public bell o.f the.......... i.... town and it,34 ay,imuel Dievore ha in the cupola the Second Baptist Church. In well watered. The first manufacturer of shoes was Jesse M-artin, whoE was for The brick ho.use known as the;..niata Iron Factor was ere.cted in I834 by C. W. Bryant. This building liad in-its belfry, the first p1iublic hell of the town and it, to-day, is hanging in the cupola of tlhe bSecond Baptist Chtrch. In J.. huar an Hnr Rbewer od im sddl ad ares m,kes,bu6ithis building on its second story, was held by Prof. Thompson, the first classical school in the Borough. The building was demolished years ago to make way for a vacant space, which still exists. THE ROSE-THOMPSON HOUSE WHICH STILL STANDS ALONG THE PIKE, This was a famous tavern in early days and for many years the voting place for Carrol Township. Billy Savage was the old time stone cutter and Pop Mumbower the stone mason. Asher Vankirk had a chair factory in early days on the Island and was succeeded by William McMahan, James McCalla was the gunsmith. He built the brick house on corner of Main Sltreet and Fifth Sitreet, so long occupied by Rev. John Kerr and the Hon.'Geo. V. Lawrence. Thomas James Collins were potters by trade. Thomas was also a school teacher and Justice of the Peace in after years. In I8I9 the Murdy's had a carding machine at the mouth of Dry Run, being a successor of Benjamin Parkinson who had one at Mingo Creek in early days, operated by a tramp wheel. William Johnson operated the first saw mill. Wm. Mills and Wkn. Ihmsen also had a saw mill in their day. The Monongahela,Manufacturing Company originated in I872 and 1883 still exists. The first attempt to start a bank was in I8I6, but was a failure. Alexander Co. established the first successful bank in 1850 and to-day is one of the most substantial institutions in the valley. The Peoples Bank was established in I870. The late A;. C. Sampson was its first president. The "Village Informant" was the first newspaper published. It was in I8I9. S,ince that time we have had the Williamsport Patriot issued, Pennsylvania, The Carroll Gazette, Neutral Ground, Barne's Day Spring, etc. 68THE BUILDING THAT STOOD AT THE CORNER OF MAIN ST. AND CHURCH ALLEY. Now occupied by the Markell Building, was built by Frederick Layman in 1834. July 7, I848, Solomon Alter issued the first number of the Monongahela Republican. The Times is the latest addition to the newspapers of the city. The first Presbyterian minister who preached in the vicinity was Rev. James Finley. He held the services in the log house on the Parkinson Mill property in I784, but Rev. Samuel Ralston preached the first sermon within the limits of the town. Rev. Charles Cook was the first regular Methodist minister. The wooden bridge was erected in 1838, burned a few years ago and in its place now stands the present beautiful iron bridge which is soon to be destroyed to gratify the whims of a few coal men. The city has at present more than ordinary facilities for continuing its prosperity: viz, Churches and public schools, not surpassed in the valley. The Valley Slaw and Planing Mill was established in I850, the extensive Mlills of Yohe Brothers, the Paper Mill established in I850, the Granite Marble Works of R. Mi. Gee, Steam. Docks, Graham Foundry, started in I852. The Gas Company, long and short distance telephone, pavec streets, water works and sewerage system and electric light, et al. WVhat more is wanted. 69Are You Insured? Why risk what has cost so much time and energy to accumulate, when you can be profected against loss for a few dollars. FIRE INSURANCE WRITTEN IN STRONG AND RELIABLE COMPANIES R. WILLIAMS 6 SON, MONONGAHELA CITY, PA. Vonongahela Pharmacy I55 MAIN ST. Sole Agents for the PURITY DRUG STORE CO'S. GOODS We carry a full line of Trusses, Cigars, Candies and every thing to be found in a first class drug store. SIZZLING HOT DAYS call for FIZZING COLD SODA We have it COME IN AND SEE OUR NEW SODA FOUNTAIN. L. A. GRODECOUR, PH. G., PROP. - ~ I ~I ~ I I I lie ~ ~ ~ I I IEtMO1c' 35KETCHf Or THE OLD CARRTAGE FACTo Ry. ol'ERfEY*" SToo0 OPpoSITrE TH M:E'CHURCCHN ~IN MAtN STREET. JUNIATA IRON FACTORY, TWas a historic land mark, being built in 1834. It not only served as all iron works but as a school house. new-spaner office, carriage factory, livery stable, harness shop, blacksmith shop, voting place and was the place where the New- Year's IKu Klux?arade was first originated. The bell in the tower was the first in tow-n and now- hangs in the tower of the 2nid Baptist Church. (Colored). STEWART HOUSE, Bnilt b v,oe] Butler in 1807. 70ISAAC VAN VOORHIS, lorn MaInlch 15. 1794. Died June 4, 1875. Was married to MIiss'Martha Hair in 1819 by Rev. Samuel Ralston. Was ordained elder of the Presbyterian church in 1836 was one of the stockholders of the Washington and WAVilliamsport Turnpike. Mr. Van Voorhis was a member of the Presbyterian ellurch for 50 years. I-e built the first coal boat that was loaded wnith coal at tlle Williamsport iw-harf, the boat mieasuring 12 feet wide and 40 feet long. VAN VOORHIS HOMESTEAD, Situatedl on Pigeon Creek, about a mile -from MBonongahela. Was built shortly after 1800 and occupies the site that Abraham Decker selected for his cabin in 1769. 71Came to America from Ireland in 1798, the vessel that he came over on making the trio in 14 weeks, He was 17 years old at this time. In 1808 he miarried Mirs. Cassandrew De Vore Elliott, the widow of Geo. Elliott, who wans drowned at the ferry n-hile trying to rescue his little son. This ferry belonged to Moses an'd David De Vore who bought the property now kLnown as Carroltoni and Axleton, in 1771 paying 50 cents an acre for it. David De Vore dying in 1781 left Ilis property to his only child, Cassandrew, afterwards the iwife of James Manown. iMoses De Vore's property was then bought by James Manown. Joseph Parkinson having purchased the pronerty called the Island he and James MIanown carried on the ferry, Mr. Parkinson receiving the toll from all persons going East and iMlanown all coming from the East. Mr. Parkinson failing in business, Mr. TManown bought at sheriff's sale, (Jan. 5, 1829) the Islaind anid Mr. Parkinson's share in the ferry. He and his son continuing with the ferry until the covered bridge was built. He died May 21st, 1873 in his 94th year. JAMES MANOWN, Arrived at Parkinson's Ferry Sunday evening, Oct. 6, 1805 and stayed all night at the old Caldwell HIouse (next door to Hotel Betty). His father dying next morning caused the family to settle here instead of going on to Ohio. He was born Nov. 15, 1792 and died July 18, 1884. Was married to Mary Boyd June 14, 1822. Spent 3 years of lhis life sailing on Great Lakes and was an active memlber of the Methodict Church for over 70 years. CAPT, IRA R, BUTLER, Mr. Carmack came to Williamsport in 1838 on his way west and after spending a few days here decided to stay. He opened a blacksmith shop at the east end of the river bridge runniig it for several years. He and his two eldest boys 5ought the Eby foundry near the blacksmith shop and run this business until the foundry burned. They then came over to this side of the river and built the old foundry on the Island where they made the old Enterprise Cooking Stove. Mr. Carmack was born in Maryland in 1799 and died in this city in 1863. ABRAHAM CARMACK, JOSIAH CARMACK, OLD SUTMAN HOUSE WHICH STOOD AT THE CORNER OF 2ND and CHESS STS, 72AN OLD FASHIONED WEDDING PARTY..When neighbors became in some degree settled, and boys and girls had grown to manhood and womanhood, mutual love resulted in marriage, which was celebrated different from weddings of the present day. An eye witness and a participant gives the following glowing description of a wedding day among our early settlers:In the morning of the wedding day the groom and his attendants assembled at the house of his father for the purpose of reaching the mansion of his bride by noon, which was the usual time for celebrating the nuptials, which for certain must take place before dinner.Imagine an assemblage of people, without a store, tailor, or mantuamaker within a hundred miles, and an assemblage of horses without a' blacksmith or saddler within an equal distance. The gentlemen dressed in shoepacks, moccasins, leather breeches, leggings, linsey hunting shirts, and all home made. The ladies dressed in linsey petticoats and linsey or linen bed gowns, coarse shoes, stockings, handkerchiefs, and buckskin gloves, if any. If there were any buckles, rings, buttons, or ruffles, they were the relics of old times, family pieces from parents or grandparents. The horses were caparisoned with old saddles, old bridles or halters, and pack-saddles, with a bag or blanket thrown over them. A rope or string as often constituted the girth as a piece of leather. The march, in double file, was often interrupted by the narrowness and obstructions of our horse-paths, as they were called, for we had no roads, and thlese difficulties were often increased, sometimes by the good and sometimes by the ill-will of neighbors, by felling trees and tying grape-vines across the way. Sometimes an ambuscade was formed by the wayside, and an unexpected discharge of several guns took place, so as to cover the wedding party with smoke. Let the reader imagine the scene which followed this discharge, the sudden spring of the horses, the shrieks of the girls, and the chivalric bustle of their partners to save them from falling. Sometimes, in spite of all that could be done to prevent it, some were thrown to the ground. If a wrist, elbow or ankle happened to be sprained, it was tied with a handkerchief, and little more was thought or said about it. Another ceremony took place before the party reached the house of the bride. When the party were about a mile from the place of their destination, two young men would single out to run for the bottle of whiskey, the worse the path, the more logs, brush, and deep hollows, the better, as these obstacles afforded an opportunity for the greater display of intrepidity and horsemanship. The start was announced by an Indian yell, logs, brush, muddy hollows, hill and glen, were speedily passed by the rival ponies. The bottle was always filled for the occasion, so that there was no use for judges, for the first who, reached the door was presented with the prize, with which he turned in triumph to the company. On approaching them he announced his victory over his rival by a shrill whoop. At the head of the troop he gave the bottle first to the groom and his attendants, and then to each pair in succession to the rear of the line, giving each a dram, and then putting the bottle in the bosom of his hunting shirt, took his station in the company. 73The ceremony of the marriage preceded the dinner, which was a substantial backwoods feast of beef, pork, fowls, and sometimes venison and bear meat, roasted and boiled, with plenty of potatoes, cabbage, and other vegetables. During the dinner, the greatest hilarity prevailed although the table might be a large slab of timber hewed out with a broadaxe, supported by four stocks set in auger holes, and the furniture some old pewter dishes and plates, the rest wooden bowls and trenchers; a few pewter spoons, much battered about the edges, were to be seen at some tables. The rest were made of horns. If knives were scarce, th'e deficiency was made up, by scalping knives, which were carried in sheathes, suspended to the belt of the hunting shirt. After dinner the dancing commenced, and generally lasted till the next morning. The figures of the dancers were three and four handed reels or square sets and jigs. The commencement was always a square four, which was followed by what was called jigging it off, that is, two of the four would single out for a jig, and were followed by the remaining couple. The jigs were often accompanied with what was called "cutting out" that is, when either of the parties became tired of the dance, on intimation the place was supplied by some one of the company without any interruption of the dance. In this way a dance was often continued till the musician was heartily tired of his situation. Towards the latter part of the night, if any of the company, through weariness, attempted to conceal themselves for the purpose of sleeping, they were hunted up, paraded on the floor, and the fiddler ordered to. play "hang out till to-morrow morning." About nine or ten o'clock a deputation of the young ladies stole off the bride and put her to bed. In doing this it frequently happened that they had to ascend a ladder instead of a pair of stairs, leading from the dining and ball-room to the loft, the floor of which was made of clayboards lying loose and without nails. This ascent one might think would put the bride and her attendants to the blush, but as the foot of the ladder was commonly behind the door (which was purposely opened for the occasion), and its rounds at the inner end were well hung wvith hunting shirts, petticoats, and other articles of clothing, the candles being on the opposite side of the house, the exit of the bride was noticed but by few. This clone, a deputation of young men in like manner stole off the groom, and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. The dance still continued, and if seats happened to be scarce, which was often the case, every young man when not engaged in the dance was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for otie of the girls, and the offer was sure to be accepted. In the midst of this hilarity, the bride and groom were not forgotten. Pretty late in the night some one would remind the company that the new couple must stand in need of some refreshments. Black Betty, which was the name of the bottle, was called for, and sent up the ladder. But sometimes black Betty, did not go alone. I have many times seen as much bread, beef, pork, and cabbage sent along with her, as would afford a good meal for half dozen hungry men. The young couple were compelled to eat and drink more or less, of whatever was offrered them. In the course of the festivity, if any wanted to help himself to a dram, and the voung couple to a toast, he would call out, "Where is black Betty? I want to kiss her sweet lips." Black Betty was soon handed him, then holding her up in his right hand, he would say, "Here's health to the groom, not forgetting myself, and here's to the bride, thumping luck and big children." This, so far from being taken amiss, was considered as an expression of very proper and friendly wish, for big children, especially sons, were of great importance; every big son being considered as a young soldier. 74It often happened that some neighbors or relations not being asked to the wedding took offence, and the mode of revenge adopted was that of cutting off the manes, foretops, and tails of the horses of the wedding company. On returning to the infare, the order of procession and race for black Betty was the same as before. The feasting- and dancing often lasted for several days. WASHINGTON ECKLES, Was the founder of the Eclles Driumi Corp which has been in existence for a-bout 70 years. MRS, WASHINGTON ECKLES, SQUIRE JOHN KENNEDY. Was born on the Kennedy homestead near Mingo Church in 1795. Was a blacksmith by trade and followed this business until hIiis leg wqTas broken by being kicked by a horse. lie afterward devoted his time to farming. At one time he owned the old mill (now Riverview Distillery) also the property wvhich the opera house, school house and Shepler estate now occupies. IMr. Kennedy died in 18537. MRS, JOSEPH WARNE, Formerly Eliza J. Irwin was married to Joseph Warne Feb. 20, 1844. She died on the 1st of August, 1891. JOSEPH WARNE, Born on Jan. 6, 1810. Died Oct. 26, 1895. Received his first education at a subscription school kept by a IMrs. MIcKeever in a frame house near the P. V. C. R. R. Depot. Was a meiniber of the Miethodist Churcih for many years. Bo130ri at the old Fell I-Iomestead in Westmoreland Couinty in 1826. lHe caine to Moonongahela about 1846 and died in 1895. Mr. Fell's grandfather w-as a manufacturer of leather and leather goods and when he saw Washington's ieeni., barefoot and suffering as they passed on their mlarch in December, 1777, he offered his supplies acnd prenmises to the General until all the leather w-as made up. For this brave act the British bid a reward of ~1500 ($7,500) for his head and ~3500 ($2,500) for the head of his son and they had to join aVashiington's Army in order to save tLhemiaselves. PETER FELL. 75CONDENSED HISTORY OF THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION. By J, P, Taylor, In my search for the important items of interest during the whiskey insurrection of Western Pennsylvania, I have gathered only such as are considered authentic being found in the Archives of Pennsylvania, in letters received and written by Alexander Hamilton, who was secretary of the treasury of the United States, from the history written by Hon. William Findley, to exonerate himself from any criminal act in the part he played during the insurrection, from a his,tory written by H. H. Brackenridge, Elsq., to vindicate his actions with the insurrectionists, the history written by Boyd Crumrine in I'882, and the encyclopedia Brittanica. I have condensed and abbreviated with the following result. The dissatisfaction leading up to the insurrection dates far beyond I794, and with some degree of cause. As soon as the settlers began their building of homes west of the Allegheny Mountains, the Scotch and Irish, or Scotch-Irish, began to feel that discrimination and oppression of their native land had left an infectious disease that lurked in the hem of their garments across the seas, through the Revolutionary War and into the wilds of Pennsylvania. The illegal acts of the Wihiskey Insurrection were confined' principally to four counties, Allegheny, Washington, iFayette, and Westmoreland; Washington being the chief actor. The inhabitants of these counties were principally from Scotland and Ireland. They had been so rigorously ruled in their native country that they almost felt that the word government, meant oppression. This feeling was strengthened by the Revolutionary War which was throwing off with armed resistance the bonds of oppression. A hatred of government officers and a growing feeling that Liberty could not exist where a government's ruling hand limited the wishes of perfect liberty of the subjects, filled the Scotch-TIrish breast, hence when a government officer came along to execute its laws, he should be punished so as to make him abandon his efforts or suffer an abuse worthy of the folly of his oppressive acts. Washington County was the home of the insurrection. In this county the insurgent spirit first showed itself and lived the longest. In this county the spirit was more violent and reckless and the violations of the law were more frequent than all the other three counties. The insurrectionary outbreak embraced an armed resistance, on several occasions, to the execution of certain State and National laws imposing an excise tax on distilled spirits and stills used for the manufacture of such spirits. This tax was generally and peculiarly obnoxious to the people of these counties, particularly because they regarded it as calculated to bear with especial and discriminating severity on the industries of this section as compared with the other parts of the country. The first excise tax imposed in the province of Pennsylvania, was authorized by the act of assembly, in March I684, entitled: "A Bill of Aid and Assistance to the Government." As it was found objectionable to the sense of the 76people, the part relating to excise duties was repealed and no, similar legislation was had for half a century. In I738 the Provincial Assembly passed an act for laying an excise on wine, rum, brandy and other spirits, but this like the law of I684 only lasted a few months because of its disfavor. Again in:May 1744 the Assembly renewed the measure for the purpose of raising money, without a general tax, to purchase arms and ammunition for defense, also for other demands that might be made on the province, by his Majesty for distressing the public in America. This enactment remained in operation but a short time. Another excise law was passed in 1756, but failed of execution. Then the people of Pennsylvania had a rest of I6 years from the government's attempt to impose duties on the spirits. In 1772 the subject came again before the Assembly as a measure of revenue. A law was passed laying a duty on domestic and foreign distilled spirits. At first the law was not executed in reference to domestic liquors and especially in the old counties of the province, but Pennsylvania became a state and her necessities increased by the Revolutionary war then in progress, the law now was less obnoxious on the account of the patriotic spirit of the people and considerable money was raised and appropriated to the Depreciation ~Fund. In 1779 a law was passed preventing the distillation of all kinds of grain and meal, as every bushel was needed to feed the soldiers, but in October the law was repealed as to rye and barley. Findley says in his history of the insurrection: "In the time of the Revolutionary war, when neither foreign rum nor molasses could be imported, the demand for domestic distilled spirits for the army and the general consumption, became exceedingly great, and the manufacture of it became so proifitable that not only rye but a great quantity of wheat was consumed by distillation. In many parts of the country you could scarcely get out of the sight of the smoke of a distillery. The citizens became alarmed, lest the army should suffer for the want of bread for the troops and feed for the horses. The clergy from the pulpits and in some instances by judicial warnings of Presbyteries inveighed against this alarming destruction of bread from the poor and against the still-houses, as the general nurseries of intoxication and licentiousness. There was no law then in force to prevent the distillers from selling in small quantities, consequently those who loved to get drunk at a small expense went to the stills, and the manners of the youth were much endangered by the number of stills. The last named law remained on the statute books until I791I (some 7 or 8 years). The collection of these taxes and enforcements of the law was several times attempted, but never successfully collected in these four south western counties." In the years of I785 and 1786 an attempt was made in Washington county by a collector, Winm. Graham, whom Judge Veech says was a broken down Philadelphia Market Street tavern keeper. He went to Fayette County and collected a little without any trouble. He then went to Greensburg, Westmoreland County and collected a little, and in the night at his hotel he was called to the door by a masked man, who told him he was Beelzebub, and had called for him to hand him over for torment to a legion of devils who were waiting without. He saw his danger and escaped to Washington County where he was told the people were more sober and submissive. Washington County then covered all the land west of the Mionongahela river., Dorsey Pentecost in a letter written to the Executive Council of Pennsylvania (Pa. Archives) says Graham was seized by a number of people who took his pistols and broke them in his presence, took his Commission and all papers relating to his office, tore them up and threw them in the mud and forced him to stamp on them and imprecate curses on himself, the commission and the author77ity that gave it to him. They cut off one-half of his hair, queued the other side oii one side of his head, cut the cock off his hat and made him wear it so as to render his queue most conspicuous; and many other marks of ignominy. They marched him midst a crowd of people from the frontier of this county to W/Vestmoreland County, calling at all the still houses on their way, where they treated gratis. They treated him to every insult they could invent. This occured April 7th, 1786. Prosecutions were made against twelve persons who were found guilty and fined, but the fines were afterward remitted. One of the party afterward served 8 years in Congress. The office was afterward accepted by a Mr. Craig with no result but that of becoming infamous with the people. In I790 a Mr. Hunter accepted the office and instituted seventy suits against delinquent distillers. These suits were all set aside on the account of irregularities. A bill for the repeal of this law was instituted in 790o (Pa. Archives). Claiming that grain distilled had no more right to be taxed than thiat fed to lhorses or made into breadcl and eaten by the people. In March I79I Alexander:Hamilton, Secretary of the United States Treasury had a bill passed in Congress imposing 4 pence per gallon on all spirits. This law also was opposed by the people and by the State House of Representatives. Rye was the principal grain raised and there was no market for it this side of Philadelphia. All transportation was on pack horses. One pack horse could carry but four bushels of grain while it could carry the whis-Key of 24 bushels. In some sections every fifth or sixth farm had a distillery on it, and in I794 goods hauled to or from Philadelphia cost from five to ten dollars per hundred pounds, and it was claimed that not enough grain could be taken to Philadelphia to buy important and necessary goods, and pay excise tax. Moreover the inhabitants being Scotch-Irish had been raised to believe whiskey to be necessary and the excise law most odious of all laws, (Pa. Archives). The Irish transmitted to their posterity unto the 3rd and 4th generation a hatred for excise laws. They also remembered the stamp act, and the duty on tea at the commencement of the revolution and how they were resented. Their opposition to the excise laws produced such violent threats from the hotheaded and turbulent ones, that it was difficult to get any one hardy enough to unldertake the collection of excise tax. Judge Wilkinson says, in order to allay opposition as far as possible, Gen. John Neville, then a member of the state legislature was appointed to the inspectorship of Western Penn. He accepted as a matter of duty to his country. He was one of the few men of great wealth, who had hazarded his all for the independence of his country. At his own expense he had raised and equipped a company of soldiers, with his son at the head, marched them to Boston and delivered them to Gen. Washington. He had contributed greatly to the relief of the suffering people; he divided his last loaf with the settlers, and in times of more than ordinary scarcity opened his harvest fields to the poor. If any man could be found to execute the laws, Gen. Neville was the man. He appointed his deputies from among the best and most popular citizens. The excitement increased and the resistance grew more determined, and soon found expression in a public act which marked the commencement of the famous Whiskey Insurrection. This was a meeting held at Redstone Old Fort (Brownsville) on the 27th of July I79I. This meeting directed that meetings should be held at t'he county seats of the four counties to arrange for successful resistance to the law. The Washingtot cotnty lneetinc was held the 23rd of August. Alexander Hamiltoll says, James -Marshel. I)avid Bradford, Henry Taylor, James Edgar, Thomas Croclks, Wim. Parker, Eli Jenkins, Thos. Sedgewick, and Peter Kidd, all public officers 78were present. The county committees were to meet in Pittsburg Sept 7th and draft resolutions to Congress. These committees of three persons from each county, met and adopted resolutions in strong measures against the action of Congress, a copy of which was sent to Congress and one to the State Legislature. Mr. Hamilton said this meeting of such influential men and conducted without moderation, or prudence, was chargeable with the excesses wlhich followed, and threatened the foundation of the government. On the 6th of September at a place near Pigeon Creek, Washington Co. a party of disguised men waylaid Robert Johnson, collector for Washlington and Allegheny Counties, cut off his hair, stripped him of his clothing, tarred and feathered him, took away his horse, and made him travel on foot in this painful and mortifying condition and compellecl him to resign. This commission was resigned to. John Hamilton. Processes for this outrage were issued against John Robertson, John Hamilton and Thomas McComb. The serving of them was confided to Jos. Fox who went in to Allegheny in October to serve them, but from threats made he became afraid and sent the process by John Conner, who was ignorant of the danger. He was caught, whipped, tarred and feathered and left in the woods in a pitiable condition. Benjamin W'Tells, collector of Westmoreland and Fayette counties was maltreated in Greensburg and Uniontown. In the same month Robert Wilson a school teacher was looking for a job in Washington Co. He made some inquiries about thle distilleries and was supposed to be an excise officer and was taken out of bed by a party, carried about five miles to a smith shop, stripped of his clothes which were burnt and he was inhumanly burnt in several places with a heated iron, was tarred and feathered and about daylight was dismissed. He became a maniac. Five persons were prosecuted but their cases never came to trial (Pa. Archives). Soon after a Mr. Roseberry remarked that the inhabitants of Washington county could not expect any protection from the government whose laws they had so actively violated; for this remark he was tarred and feathered. May 8th, 79,2, Congress changed the excise law somewhat. The troubles seemed to abate until I794 when a meeting was held in Pittsburg which showed that the feeling was intensified rather than abated. D'elegates from the four counties were: Win. Wallace, Sheshbaser Bentley, Benjamin Parkinson, John Huey, John Badollit, John Hamilton, Neal Gillespie, David Bradford, Rev. David Phillips, Mathew Jamison, Jas. Marshel, Jos. -Robinson, Jas. Stewart, Robt. McClure, Peter Lysle, Alexander Long, Sam Wilson, Edward Cook, Albert -Gallatin, John Smilie, David Bowel, Thos. Gadis, and John M'cClellan. The meeting was organized by electing John Conner President and Albert Gallatin Clerk. The resolutions passed at this meeting were violent in the extreme. They aimed in a general way at all persons who might be remotely concerned on the side of the government, and especially against Gen. N'eville because he accepted the inspectorship. Gen. Neville had rented a part of Captain Wm. Faulkner's house in Washington in Aug. I792 for his collector's office. This aroused the indignation of the people to such a pitch that threats were made against the inspector's life if he should come to Washillgton to open an office. John Wilkins, Jr., said in a letter to Gen. Winm. Irvine, Aug. 31, 1792. On the day Neville was to open the office the road was waylaid by a number of men armed and disguised. Neville heard of it and did not go. In two or three days they went to Washington and broke open his office and searched for him. Faulkner was accosted near Pigeon Creek by a number of men wlho drew a knife and threatened to scalp him and tar and feather him if he allowed the government to use his house. Sec. Hamilton reported to Gen. Washington (president) who on 15 Sept., I792, 79Bell Telephone I35-R Pittsburg, the center of the greatest industrial district of the world calls constantly for efficiently trained young mnen and women. DUFF'S COLLEGE has been answering- this call for sixty-eight years by adding a mighty force of 38,500 office men and women. An institution that trains for any office capacity. Illustrated catalog-ue upon request. 973 Students last year. BRANCH, PEOPLES BANK BLDG., McKEESPORT, PA. Nothing but the purest materials comprise our products which are guaranteed to stand the Pure Food Test. Churches, Societies, Wedding and Reception Parties, are requested to write or phone and representative will call. W. A, ENGLER CHAS. DRODESKY Monongahela Ice Cream Company Manufacturers cf WHOLESALE:---RETAI L -- P Y I I re ru I -- ~---- -.. I.-----= ---I -E Y I I L- L I I rrl r -' I I I r Ilr I I II L I --I I ~ K I =I 2I3-2I5 Third Street.issued a proclamation for all persons to desist from violence or unlawful combinations, declaring it to be the intention of the government to bring all infractions to justice. June I792 Inspector Gen. Neville advertised in The Pittsburg Gazette that he would open a collector's office in his own house, at Bower hill and at the house of Robert Johnson in Allegheny Co., at Phillip Reagan's, Westmoreland Co., and at Benjamin Wells in Fayette County. This Robert Johnson was the same who was attacked at Pigeon Creek in I791. Benjamin Wells' house was repeatedly attacked and finally fired and destroyed by a mob. About the Ist of July the next year Phillip Reagan house was attacked and all the books and papers were taken. Gen. Neville was burned in effigy. In the early part of I794 numerous outrages were committed in Washington and Allegheny Cos. In January of that year W'm. Richmonds had his barn and all its contents burned for giving information on those who committed the outrage on Robert Wilson, the school teacher. Robert S,trawhan, a distiller had his barn burned for complying with the law. Threats of tarring and feathering were made against Win. Cochran, a complying distiller, and it was also given out that in three weeks there would not be a house standing in Allegheny County of any one who complied with the law. Gen. Neville visited several leading individuals to try to avert the execution of their threats. The mob followed him and on their way called at the house of Jas. Kiddoo, broke in the still house, fired several shots under his still, destroyed his saw mill and did great damage to his grist mill, and on their last visit to Cochran, a written note was left requiring him to publish a full account, in the Pittsburg Gazette, of all his injuries, threatening in a inysterious but unmistakable language that in case of his refusal to do so he would receive another visit and his property would be destroyed by fire. This note was signed "Tom the Tinker." As to the origin of this name, Brackenridge says a certain John Holcroft was thought to have made the first application of it at the time of the masked attack on Wm. Cochran whose still was cut to pieces. This was humorously called mending his still, and the men of course must be Tinkers. Judge Lobengier says this "Tom the Tinker was a new God added to the mythology of this time and was supposed to preside over the whiskey stills. Judge Veach says that this new God had!his Olympia on some of the hills of Mlingo and Peters Creeks. Gen. Neville now succeeded in renting a house for an office from John Lynn in Cannonsburg in I794 to be opened for entering stills in June. But on the night of June 6th twelve persons painted black broke into the house and induced Lynn to come down stairs, by promising safety to him and his house. They seized and tied him and threatened to hang him, took him to a retired spot in the neighboring wood and after cutting off his hair tarred and feathered him and swore him never again to allow his house to be used for an office, never to disclose their names and never to take any excise agency, then bound him naked to a tree and left him in that condition until morning when he succeeded in extricating himself. In a few days they visited him again, pulled down a part of his house and put him in a situation to be obliged to become an exile. Soon after M'aj. David Lenox, a U. $. Marshal was sent with a large number of writs against non-complying distillers in Allegheny, Fayette, and Washington counties and a few against the rioters of Ben. Wells. Sec. Hamilton says he got along fairly well until he got into.Washington county where he served all but one, against WVm. Miller on Peters Creek and he delayed serving 80this writ and went to Pittsburg. On the following day (July I5th) in company with Gen. Neville he rode out to the Miller house and served the writ, and on their return to the Neville house he was beset by thirty or forty armed men who fired on him but without injury to either of them. The Marshal went to Pittsburg and Neville went to his house. This was the prelude of an outbreak. At this time there was some kind of militaiy gathering at the -Mingo Meeting house. A large number of Col. Hamilton's Mingo Creek Battalion Philadelphia, and that Lenox was then at Gen. Neville's house. During the......... under command of John Holsroff (Tom the Tinker) to Gen. Neville's house. builingadsaloBuilt abotime the Bower Hill mansion was the finest establishment in Penna., south of the Monongahela At theis time there wasbsome kind of military gathering at the ingo Meeting house. A large number of Col. Hamilton's Mingo Creek Battalion were there. More than fifty having their firearms. The news reached them by Miller, of the serving of writs, anld that all receiving writs were to be carried to Philadelp.ia and that Lenox was then at Gen. ville's havingouse. During the night, Brackenridge sas 37 arpi ed men (N. B. Craig says oo sutrmng), marched under command of John Holcroff (Tom the Tinker) to Gen. Neville's house. Gen. Neville's Bower Hill estate waso on Cheartiers Creek. The pansion was large and exceedingly aristocratic for those days and surrounded by outbuildings and small buildings for his negroes. At that time thpurpose Bower Hill mansion was the finest establishm answer being genna., they were fired upon fromgahela river. These men arrived there about daylight July ith, Hoeroft at their head. larshal Lenbuildingox was not at sayville's having gone to Pittsburg the previous eville surrender with all his papers and being, and surmising their purposempt firing of the preparastionmis for defense. hen Holcroft's party arrived they found the houe closed and bolted. against them, but Neville boldl appeared at an upper window, and demanded to knolw the purpose of their visit. An evasive and suspiciotis answer being given they were fired-upon from the house and after returning the fire were fired upon by the-negroes from the small buildings. Another accotint says that John -Holcroft's men demanded that Gen. Neville surrender with all his papers and being refused fired first. The prompt firing of the negroes intimidated Holroft's men who retired, reorganized and were reinforced.In the first attack no one was killed on either side. After tile departure of Holcroft's men,'Gen. Neville rode to Pittsburg and communicated the events of the morning to his brother-in-law,'Miaj. Kitrkpatrick, who advised him to obtain assistance from the garrison of the fort at Pittsburg. M'aj. Butler commandant at the fort detailed a subordinate officer and ten men for the purpose. Nreville returned to his house and did what he could to prepare for another attack. Kirkpatrick came up with eleven men. Holcroft had returned from Neville's to Mingo Creek, narrating the events of their visit. The insurgents' indignation was greatly aroused, who without delay decided to rendezvous that night at Couches Fort, a few miles from the Neville house. On the morning of the I7th of July there were nearly five hundred men, most of them fully armed prepared for an attack on N'eville. Niearly all these men were from the Mingo Creek vicinity. NNot nearly all who had been notified were there. A Rev. MIr. Clark made a strong appeal to the men not to become law breakers, but in vain. The insurgent force then moved toward Bower Hill, under the leadership of;Maj. Jas. McFarland who had done excellent service in the Revolution. Gen. Neville leariled of the size of the approaching force and fearing that his life would be endangered, wisely retired toward Pittsburg leaving the house in defense of Maj. Kirkpatrick, the soldiers and negroes. The insurgents arrived lnd finding the house barricaded and garrisoned by ttie soldiers, halted, and consulted and finally advanced a flag of truce, demanding Neville surrender with his commission and all papers and books. The flag returned reporting Neville was not at home. The flag was again advanced demanding that six persons be permitted to search the house. A peremptory refusal was returned. The flag was sent the third time with notice for the women and children to leave the house. This was complied with and a desultory firing was commenced on both sides, the assailants firing from cover like Indians, the defenders from the windows. Finally during a lull in firing Maj. McFarland stepped from behind a tree from which he was taking shelter, and in doing so was fired on from the house receiving a bullet wound in the groin from which he died in a few minutes. The insurgents claimed that a white flag had been displayed from an upper.window which caused McFarland to expose hitmself and that Mlaj. Kirkpatrick fired the shot. At McFarland's death the insurgents became furious and boldly advanced from their cover and set fire to the barn and outbuildings; fro,m this the house took fire, whereupon Kirkpatrick surrendered. The house was entirely consumed with all its contents except the liquors which the assailants were careful to save. The cellar was broken open, the casks rolled out and the liquor drank and most of the men became intoxicated. Brackenridge says the principal leaders were not drunk. The prisoners taken at Bower Hill were.Maj. Kirkpatrick, the soldiers, Ensign Sample, M'aj. Lenox, Maj. Isaac Craig, Col. Presley Neville, son of Gen. Neville. Col. Neville, and Maj. Lenox and Craig having arrived from Pittsburg about the time of the surrender. The soldiers were released, Kirkpatrick made his escape, being assisted by David Hamilton of Ginger Hill. Maj. Craig was liberated. Col. Presley Nieville and M!aj. Lenox the Marshal, voere disarmed and let go under a kind of parole. The rioters then marched southward, taking the body of Maj. McFarland with them, which they buried in the graveyard of the Old M!ingo Creek Meeting house, where his grave may still be seen. The assemblage at the funeral was very large and a great majority was in a half frenzied state of mind, and wild with rage against Gen. Neville and M,aj. Lenox..It was proposed to move in a body a thousand strong from M'ingo Creek to attack Pittsburg. This how82GRAVE OF MAJ, JAMES McFARLAND, MINGO CEMETERY, "Epitaph" "Here lies the body of Capt. James iMcFarland, of Washington Co., Pa. who departed this life the 17th of July, aged 43 years. He served during the war with undaunted courage, illn defence of American Independence, against the laAless and despotic encroachments of Great Britain. He fell at last by the hands of nn ulnprincip)led villain,. in the support of what he supposed to be the rights of his country, much lamented by a numerous and respected circle of acquaintances." ever was opposed by the committee who had been appointed to deliberate and control the assemblage. The committee decided to send David Hamilton and John Black to Pittsburg to meet Neville and Lenox and demand Neville's commission and the copy of the writs Lenox had served. Hamilton and Black proceeded, accompanied by the committee to Shockans Tavern, four miles from Pittsburg. Hamilton and Black failed and returned and made a report and in the meantime Gen. Neville and:Maj. Lenox made their escape down the Ohio, river in a small boat in a heavy thunderstorm, passing through Virgiinia and M!aryland to the east, where Neville remained until the army crossed over the mountains to qcuell the insurrection. \/Then Hamilton and Black returned and made their report to the committee, a meeting was at once called to be held at the M:ingo Creek Meeting house on0 Wednesday, July 23rd. The notice was sent out through the four counties and a great assemblage gathered at the o.ld church, some upon compulsion and others to prevent rash measures. A delegation came from Pittsburg amonho whom was Geo. Robinson, chief burgess of the borough, Josiah Tannehill, Win. H. Beaumont, and'Hugh H. Brackenridge, a lawyer. Those from W'ashington were David Bradford (D,ep'lty Atty. general) and Col. Jas. Marshel. Col. Edward Cook and Craig Ritchie from Cannonsburg. Brackenridge came from Pittsburg he says expecting it to be a committee meeting, but lhe found a large assemblage some from a distance but most of them had been in the riot at Gen. Neville's. The avowed purpose of the leaders was to commit the whole western country to adoption of all of the crimes already committed and to combine to procure immunity. The meeting was organized by making Ed. Cook chairman and Craig Ritchie secretary. Brackenridge says a gloom seemed to rest over the people S3for they had slightly cooled down, and could have some vague idea of being involved in treason in what they had done. The gloom was not of sorrow or repentance. The fire of rage still glowed in their bosoms. No one knew how far to trust his neighbor and life itself was insecure; some were there who were afraid to come, others who, were afraid to stay away. - Bradford (prosecuting atty.) and Marshel a county officer, who had been leaders in the insurrection were now trying to avoid these meetings but were warned to come under penalty of being burned out. N/ow Bradford said, "I encourage? Good God I never thought of such a thing." "Yes you did encourage" they said, and from that time he adopted the most violent counsels. Marshel was also obliged to take part, and also took a violent course. Craig Ritchie avoided going to Neville's but could not avoid coming to, this meeting. Brackenridge's history of the Western Insurrection, says: The first thing done at the meeting was a letter from Col. Presley Neville read by Benjamin Parkinson. The letter was brought out by one of the Pittsburg party stating that his father and Marshal Lenox had left the country and giving their reasons for so doing and with regard to what had been done by the insurgents. They had burned his father's house and might burn his, but that they had plenty to live on, beyond their reach. He also praised Miaj. Kirkpatrick. This letter was unwise and should not have been read, as it excited indignation. This and some other letters being read Benjamin Parkinson addressed the chair, and demanded to know whether what had been done was right and whether the people intended to stand by them. The Pittsburg committee was alarmed about their lives. M'r. Brackenridge says he was in agony.,Marshel addressed the assemblage and he said the question was not so much what had been done as what they intended to do in the future. Bradford rose and made a most inflammatory speech applauding what had been done and demanding that it be put to vote whether those present approved and would pledge themselves to support those who, had destroyed the house of the inspector. After this speech there was a dead silence for some time. The rioters wishing for a vote and those who were not engaged in it were afraid to vote and to not vote. Marshel came to Brackenridge and asked him to speak. Brackenridge knowing the feeling of the meeting toward him and his party was at loss to know what to say, but the situation was too critical to admit of delay or reflection. All eyes were turned on him. He advanced to the middle of the aisle encountering the scowls of the leaders who were in favor of pushing to greater violence. He began in a slow and deliberate and even hesitating talk, to pacify the insurgents and yet to save himself in case of further outbreak. He tried to be jocular, told of Neville and Lenox leaving Pittsburg, of Craig tearing down the signs of his inspection office. Parkinson asked the question whether what had been done was right or wrong. He answered that the burning of Neville's house might be morally right but was legally wrong and treasonable and that the president might call out the militia to enforce the law. At this reply there was an alarming sensation in the audience. He assured them that the President would reflect before acting and would doubtless be willing to grant amnesty. But the request for amnesty he said would come with better grace from those who had not been implicated than from those who had been already so, and it was not the interest of the latter to involve others, but to let them remain as they were in order to act as mediating men with the government. At this point Parkinson and the others began to, show exasperation. Brackenridge again had to resort to humorous tactics. Finally he proposed calling a larger meeting to get representatives from the whole revenue survey, and to send a committee 84to see the president, of which he offered to be one. At the close of his speech the audience adjourned to a spring nearby apparently to get a drink. During this interview Brackenridge collected his companions and advised them to leave the ground without delay, to avoid being called on by the meeting and to avoid the appearance of leaving in haste. He returned to the ground to show himself and then joined his men at Jacob. Figley's and departed. His appearance and speech at the meeting in the eyes of the government officials identified him with the insurgents. Col. Marshel and David Bradford from Washington and Benjamin Parkinson made speeches. Three days after this meeting another bold and treasonable act of outlawry was committed. That was the robbing of the U. S. mail on its way from Pittsburg to Philadelphia. This project originated with David Bradford of Washington. The original idea was to rob the eastern mail from Washington on its way to Pittsburg, hoping to ascertain the feeling of the people of that place concerning the burning of Gen. Neville's house. This plan was made known to Col. Marshel, David Hamilton and John Baldwin, either at the Mingo Meeting or on their way there, and asked their assistance. This!did not at first find favor with Hamilton and Baldwin. But Hamilton did agree to take part, as it was adopted to take the eastern bound mail, which was done'July 26th on the post road from Pittsburg to Greensburg at a point about twenty-two miles from Pitts'burg. The robbery being done by Win. Bradford, cousin of David Bradford and John lMitchell who was employed by David Hamilton. These men having obtained possession of the mail pouch took out the Pittsburg and Washington packages and returned the pouch with its other contents to its carrier. They rode to Mblonongahela river, crossed it at Parkinson Ferry and:delivered the stolen mail matter to Benj. Parkinson. He reported with it to Bradford who with Parkinson and Col. Jas. Marshel and Alex. Fulton took it to the Black Horse Tavern, kept by Henry W,estbay in Cannonsburg. There it was taken to a private room, opened and examined by Bra'dford in the presence of Marshel, Parkinson, Fulton, Col. John Cannon and Thos. Speirs. The contents threw Bradford into a rage.' The letters were from Presley Neville to Gen,Morgan, Gen. Gibsdn to' Gov. Mifflin, Jas. Bryson to Gov. Mifflin, Ed. Day to Sec. of the Treasury, Maj. Butler, commandant of the fort to S'ec. of War, and put those men all under ban of the insurgent leaders. These letters were kept by Bradford; the rest of the mail was resealed to return'to the office'at Pittsburg. The discovery of the strong sentiment of the people of Pittsbur'g against the insurgent leaders greatly alarmed Bradford and the other leaders. And'dreading the result those who, met at Black Horse tavern set about to revive ~and increase the insurgent feeling lest it should wane in the seventeen days that must elapse before the delegates would meet at Parkinson's Ferry. They issued a strong circular address to the people of the four western counties, for every -person to rendezvous at Braddock's Field on Friday Aug. Ist at 2 o'clock with arms and ammunition. The circular was signed by Cannon, D. Bradford, Spears, Parkinson, Fulton, Lockny and M,arshel. Bradford and other leaders did not- make plain in thcir circular the real meaning of their meeting, which was to march to Pittsburg, besiege and destroy the fort, and overthrow the town, and capture the writers of those obnoxious letters.' When an officer disapproved the circular letter says Brackenridge he did not dare to conceal from his company that such a notice had been received, for the people commanded the officers. They said, call us out or we will take vengeance on you as a traitor. The whole county was an inflammable mass ready for the smallest spark to ignite it. I had seen says Brackenridge the spirit which prevailed at the'Stamp S5Act and-at the commencement of the Revolution from the government of Great Britain, but it was by no means so general and so vigorous among the common people as now existed in the country. Orders were given for the militia to, assemble at the time appointed at Braddock's field, which order was at once accepted, not knowing from whence the order originated or for what purpose they met. But many among the more conservative and influential people disapproved of and were alarmed at the intended demonstrati3n. Several of these' remonstrated with Bradford and AMarshel, protesting against the carrying out of the dangerous plan and insisted on countermand'ng the march of troops to the rendezvous. W'hen Col. John Ilamilton and some:,others had discoverled Bradford's design of attacking the garrison at Pittsburg, they persuaded Bradford and Mlarshel to countermand the orders. Hamilton told him the arms were for an expedition against the Indians under Gen. Scott. Bradford without consulting MIarshel, or answering a word to Hamilton, wrote the cDuntermand, showed it to Hamilton and asked if that would do. This first brought the design of the rendezvous to light. Finally Bradford issued the following notice: Dear Sirs, upon receiving some late intelligence from our runners, we have been informed that the ammunition we were about to seize was destined for Gen Scott, who is going out against the Indians. W\e thereupon concluded not to touch it. I give you this early notice, that your brave men of war need not turn out until further notice. Col. David Williams Yours, David Bradford. This notice had but little effect except in a few instances. In general the men were determined to march and did march to' the field. No sooner was this frivolous order given than the Washin,gton people broke out in rage, called a meeting at the Court House and those' in the country came rushing in under still greater excitement. Jas. Ross, U. S. senator who resided there, in a speech of two hours length tried to dissuade the populace. Thos. Scott of the House of Representatives, Thomas Stokely, State Senator, D'avid Reddick, Prothonotary,'Henry Purviance, and others of the bar all made speeches and exerted themselves to effect the same object. Jas. Marshel was in earnest and spoke publicly to retract. Bradford seeing the violence of the people by which he was always swayed was more inflammatory than ever, denied that he had given his consent to countermand, and asked who the scoundrel was that said he had. It was now carried by a vote that the march to Braddock's Field should proceed. To show their displeasure with Marshel the door of his house was tarred and feathered that night. The reported intention of the insurgent leaders to march from the rendezvous on the ist of August to attack the fo.rt and despoil the town of Pittsburg was generally known by the citizens of that town who were much excited, and wild consternation prevailed when a detachment from Washington arrived in Pittsburg the day before the appointed rendezvous at Braddock's Field, as it was understood, from the insurgent leaders with a message and demand which was immediately to be accepted if the town was to be saved from destruction. In this alarming situation of affairs notices. were sent out for the inhabitants to attend a meeting to be held at the Courthouse that evening (July 3Ist) to adopt measures for the public's safety. Nearly all of the male citizens of the town convened early. Gen. Gibson was made chairman and M'athew Ernest sec. The main business was at once announced, to hear and act upon the communication brought by the committee (Absolm Baird, Wm. Meetkirk, Henry Purviance, and Gabriel Blakeny). The stolen mail packets with all their contents except the letters of Neville, Gibson, Bryson, Day, and Butler were delivered to them by the committee. Their mes86sage stated that Bradford and his followers were enraged over the contents of the suppressed letters and they were determined to take vengeance on the writers and that the people who were then on their way to Braddocks Field were in a state of ungovernable fury and determined to d-stroy Pittsburg, which was to be done on the morrow unless some effective means could at once be taken to prevent it, and the committee had several times on their way been: stopped by persons in the interest of the insurgents who wanted all no:ice to be withheld from the doomed town and called the committee traitors. The committee informed the Pittsburg people that tliey knew of but two ways to save the town and that either of them was as likely to fail as to succeed.'One was to banish the proscribed persons and the other was for the citizens of Pittsburg to march in a body to Braddock's Field the-e to appear to fraternize with the insurgents and convince the insurgents that the Pittsburg people were not enemies but friends. The meeting fully considered all points seeing that something must be done immediately, for thei- defenders would not exceed three hundred including the forty or fifty men to garrison thle fort, while the enemies would number thousands and the greater part of them had seen service in the Revolution and Indian Campaigns. None of the dwallings in the town were strong enough to resist an assault, and if no assault was made- they were scantily provisioned, and could not stand a siege longer t'ran a f w days. After fully deliberating it was decided to banish the proscribe-l pe:sons, and march enmasse to Braddock's Field. The obnoxious persons left the town. The proceedings of the meeting were I-anded to John Scull of the Gazette and 6oo copies were ordered printed adding- that those persons had been notified and had left the town. The following day. a vast multitude (variously estimated from 5,000 to 8,oo00 men) arrived at Braddock's Field, more than onehalf of them from Washington Co. as were nearly all the leaders. The men were dressed in hunting shirts and many with handkerchiefs on thoir heads. It was in this dress that they equipped themselves against the Indianls. H. H. Brackenridge was one of the Pittsburg committee and when they arrived at Braddock's Field much shooting was being' done. When the committee advanced within the camp they halted and waited for Gen. Wlilkins at the head of the P'ittsburg Militia to approach, Brackenridge says I saw him march by us and discovered in his countenance a stufficient evidence of a sense of danger, though I know him to be a man of great personal intrepidity yet I did not wonder at his apprehensions. Nothing but his appearing at the head of the committee could have saved him. I was thinking of his danger when I turned my head and saw the man I was most afraid of, Andrew' McFarlane (brother to M\/aj. Jas. U',cFarlane, who was killed at Gen. Neville's). He was dressed in a blue coat with a dark visage, lowering countenance and a rifle in'his hand, looking right at me. I eyed him in return but did not venture to speak. After a while he turned and walked away. Next I saw Bradford walking before a number of battalions which had just crossed the river and were waiting to be reviewed by him. Next I met Benjamin Parkinson; he was with a group of men; all or most of them had been at the conflagration at Neville's, each had a rifle in his hand. On this occasion, Carnahan says, Bradford certainly had great influence. He assumed the office of iMaj.'Gen. in high military dress. N'Tever was mortal man more flattered than was David Bradford at Braddock's Field; every thing depended on his will. The troops bivouacked on the mustering ground for the night. Many were hilarious and good humored, except the people from Pittsburg, for they had great anxiety for the fate of that town on the morrow, and not having expected to stay over night had brought no provisions and were suffering from hunger. Some attempted to return for food but were closely wa'ched and com87pelled to stay. Brackenridge about midnight came across the Mingo Battalion commanded by John Hamilton, a man very reasonable and moderate and was disposed to restrain from all violence, and with that end in view came with the "Bloody Battalion" as it was called. David Hamilton his cousin was there alsoi. The next morning a council of war was held with officers, Edward Cook chairman.'Bradford harangued the people and put the question what was to be done with certain objectionable persons in Pittsburg, Maj. Butler, Gen. Gibson, Maj. Isaac Craig and others. It was decided tfo take no action against Majs. Butler and Craig, until the meeting at Parkinson's Ferry to be held on the I4th. The people gathered around and interfered with the committee, becoming impatient with their delay. Bradford at once moved that the entire body move to Pittsburg, the motion was seconded by Brackenridge. The plan was adopted, officers appointed, David Bradford, Edward Cook, Gens. and Col. Gabriel, officer of the day, and under their command the entire body moved to Pittsburg, being led by Brackenridge. Bradford sent the Pittsburg committee of twenty-one ahead to notify the people of their coming and to close all stores, saloons and hotels and to warn them to give no refreshments of any kind as the march was in motion, and also to secure boats to be moved to a certain point to convey the people across the river. Wilkins says, I was one of the first five to reach the town; we called on,Maj. Butler and told him the whole force was coming to town, but to do no harm. I rode where I could see the procession; it seemed to be two and a half miles long, marching in files in good order. There must have been 5,0o00 or 6,ooo men in line. Many had left for home before leaving Braddock's; one full baittalion from Westmoreland left in a body. Jas. Marshel did what he could as did David Bradford also, to keep men from destroying property. Brackenridge knowing the fording place led them across the 1\lonongahela a little piece above the mouth of the Allegheny. All but about two or three hundred crossed to the South Side that night. During the night the army on the south side set fire to AMaj. Kirkpatrick's buildings. The barn was burned but the house was saved. They also set fire to Maj. Kirkpatrick's house in Pittsburg. It had been their intention to set fire also to Neville's, Gibson's, and others but were prevented by the interference of Cols. Marshel, Cook and Andrew MlcFarlane. The firing'was done by a company under command of Capt. Riddle. The next day being Sunday all departed for home. A card signed by Cook, Marshel, and thirteen others was published in the Pittsburg Gazette, deploring the fact that some of the disorderly men had set fire to Abraham Kirkpatrick's houses on both sides of the river, placing a blemish on the good order of their march and that they raised money to pay Kirkpatrick's tenant for his loss. News of this march was at once commtunicated to the state department and national authorities, whereupon Pres. Washington issued a proclamation stating that many persons in the western parts of Penn. have at length been hardy enough to perpetrate acts which he was advised amounted to treason, being overt acts of levying war against the United States and commanding all insurgents as aforesaid and all others to retire peaceably to their homes before Sept. Ist following and at the same time called for troops to be raised and equipped and to be held ready to move on shortest notice. The quotas as signed were as follows: Infantry Cavalry Artillery Total Pennsylvania........... 4500 500 200 5200 New Jersey.....................iI500o 500 00oo 2I00 Maryland.......................2000 200 150 2350 Virginia.................3000 300 3300 I I000 1500 450 I2950 S8The same day Gov. Mifflin of Pennsylvania issued his proclamation directing that the state's quota of men be armed and equipped as speedily as possible and to be held, ready to march at a moments warning and a se,cond proclamation calling together the Assembly of the state in special session. On'Aug. 6th the governor appointed chief justice McKean and Gen. Wm. Irvine to proceed immediately to the disaffected counties to, ascertain the facts in reference to the acts of violence and lawless gatherings and if possible to indiuce the people to submit to the law. The next day the President appointed Jas. Ross, U. S. Senator, Jasper Yeats, associate Judge Supreme Court of Penn. and Wm. Bradford, Atty. Gen. U. S. commissioners on the part of U. S,. with full instruction and ample powers to repair forthwith to the W'estern counties for the purpose of conferring at their discretion with individuals or bodies of men in order to quiet and extinguish the insurrection. The call of a meeting of delegates from townships of the four western counties of Pennsylvania adopted and issued at the Mingo Creek Mleeting July 23rd before mentioned was supplemented by another call issued by Maj. Gen. Bradford at Braddock's Field on Aug. Ist. The meeting to be held at Parkinson's Ferry was called for Aug. I4th and on that day according to appointment WHISKEY POINT, MONONGAHELA, PA. Cross shons where the famous meeting n'as held during the Whiskey Iusurrection, Aug. 14, 1794. under the shade of trees near which had been erected a tall Liberty Pole from which floated a flag bearing the inscription "Equal Taxation and No Excise. No Asylum for Traitors and Cowards". There were two hundred and twenty-six delegates present of whom ninety-five were from Washington Co.; forty-nine from Westmoreland; forty-three from Allegheny; thirty-three from Fayette; two from Bedford; six from Ohio Co. Va. and around them gathered a greater number of spectators, manyof them armed. The meeting was organized by calling Col. Ed. Cook to the chair and Hon. Albert Gallatin, Sec., both of Fayette Co. The meeting was opened by a speech from David Bradford in which he rehears89~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 89VERNON HAZZARD, Pres. Mgr. Fditor H. H. HAZZARD, Sec.-Treas. M. B. HAZZARD Tlt (fIL[ W.. AlZAID (O. Publishers und Printers THE DAILY REPtUBLI CAN Established I846. THE GREAT MEDIUM OF THE MONONGAHELA VALLEY. Cor. MAIN SECOND STREETS. M.'I. aWA,,,= iW - 1. 1| Lm z 1 i I r_ F F W z __I i W-111- 11 sa U); _| -e 11 |I _ i' m K Bell Phone 74-J.ed the events that had occurred, reading the objectionable letters, commenting on their contents in severest terms, advocating extreme measures against those who were not actively assisting them. The speech was followed by one from Col. Miarshel which was less extreme but firm in support of the insurrection. At the convening of the meeting news was received of the appointment of the commissions by the President and Governor,'but neither had beell heard from, but during the meeting there came news of the calling out of the troops and that the two delegations were on their way from Philadelphia and that two U. S. commissioners had arrived at Greensburg. Findley says, I was at the meeting at Parkinson's Ferry. Mlessrs. Yates and Bradford had arrived at Greensburg the morning of the meeting and wrote me by express of their pacific intentions and authority which being communicated to the meeting had salutary effect and a committee of discreet men was appointed to confer with the commissioners at Pittsburg, but unfortunately the newspaper came the next morning with the President's proclamation and the orders for an armed force. This inflamed those even who had formerly been conservative and greatly increased the difficulty of accommodation. However the news fell like a thunder bolt on the assembly and the fact became apparent that the tide of opinion had begun to react with' nearly all of the leaders against adopting violent measures. Brackenridge an able and farsighted man had realized from the first that this result was probable and all his speeches were made to admit a double interpretation so as to allow him to keep his popularity with the insurrectionists and yet not compromise him with the government. Gallatin, a wily and prudent man had fo,reseen the result and was much like Brackenridge though less adroit. Bradford alone of all the leaders stood defiant and even more so than before, declaring that a vigorous show of military opposition would overawe the government.'While all the speeches made were against him, the rank and file of the populace were almost unanimously with him and the whole cry was war. When the meeting reconvened next morning Aug. I 5th, Albert Gallatin, H. H. Brackenridge and Herman Husbands of Bedford Co., who had been appointed to remodel the resolutions previously offered by Col. Jas. M"arshel, submitted their revision which were read before the meeting and afterward past though somewhat modified. During -the forenoon the UT. S. commissioners came to a house not far from the place of meeting. This Findley says rendered the situation of the friends of law more delicate. If they called on the commissioners wishing to record themselves as friends of order, the fact would be, known by the insurgents and would make them unpopular, and if they kept aloof from the commissioners it would place the ban of government on them. Mlost of them in their fear forgot the consideration of popularity of election to office and some insisted on making terms with the commissioners before they adjourned, but this result was not accomplished. The final resolution passed was to appoint a committee to meet the U. S. commissioners and the commissioners from Pennsylvania. The committee was as follows: Washington Co., D. Bradford, Jas. Marshel and Jas. Edgar; Allegheny Co., Hugh Brackenridge, Thos..Moreton and John B. C. Lucas; Fayette Co., Albert Gallatin, Ed. Cook and Jas. Lang; Westmoreland Co., John Kirkpatrick, Geo. Smith and John Powers; Bedford Co., Herman H'usbands; Ohio Co., Wm. Sutherland. The meeting at Parkinson's Ferry then adjourned at 2 o'clock p. m. on the I5th of August. The sixty delegates adjourned to meet at Red'stone Old Fort (Brownsville) on the 2nd of September. 90The commissioners of the state arrived in Pittsburg on the I7th of Aug. On the 2oth the two bodies met the committee of conference appointed at Parkinson's Ferry. Preliminary proceedings were taken and propositions by both bodies of commissioners who said explicitly that the exercise of the powers vested in them to suspend prosecution, and to promise general amnesty and pardon for past offenses, must be preceeded by full and satisfactory assurances of a sincere determination in the people to obey the laws of the U. S. The members of the committee who took the most prominent part in the proceedings were Bradford and Marshel of Washington, Gallatin and Cook of Fayette, and Brackenridge of Allegheny County. All these except Bradford were in favor of accepting the propositions of t'he commissioners and this was found to be the sense of the committee. Thev had no power to act further than to report to the committee of sixty who were to meet at Redstone Old Fort Sept. 2nd but on the conclusion of the conference the time of the meeting at Redstone Old Fort was changed to five days earlier. The change of time gave great offense to Bradford and other extremists. Accordingly on the 28th of Aug. the standing committee (com. of sixty) met at Redstone Old F'ort (Brownsville) to receive and act upon the report of the committee of conference. Of the sixty members of the committee, fifty-seven were present, twenty-three from Washington, thirty from Westmoreland, Allegheny and Fayette, one from Bedford and three from Ohio Co., Va. While the committee were assembling a large military company crossed the,Monongahela from the western side by John Krepp's Ferry to the site of the present town of Bridgeport, then crossed D,unlap's Creek to the Old Fort. The company consisted of abolut seventy men on foot, all fully armed and fifteen or twenty horsemen also armed and in uniforms of the region and day, the principal garment of which was the omnipresent hunting shirt. The company was under command of Capt. Crawford of M,uddy Creek and the company from that section of Washington Co. They attended the meeting for the purpose of extending their sympathy with the insurrectionists and the defiance of the government and to administer chastisement to Samuel Jackson of Fayette Co., an old quaker, who was wealthy and owned part of a paper mill on Red Stone Creek. Jackson had called the committee of sixty and their meeting at Parkinson's Ferry a Scrub Congress. iHe was arrested and taken to the meeting and probably violence would have been done to him but Brackenridge, who was at the meeting was well acquainted with Jackson and knew him to be conscientiously opposed to the manufacture of whiskey. He made a speech and said Jackson was very culpable in calling the Parkinson ferry meeting a scrub congress, but thought it sufficient punishment to call him a Scrub Quaker, which satisfied the people. He was liberated amid the jeers of Scrub Quaker. The armed party stayed in Brownsville till night when they left for home. The meeting was opened by the submission of the conference committee's report and a speech from Albert Gallatin, who urged the adoption of a resolution in acceptance of the terms offered by the commissioners of non-resistance to the law and the impossibility of the four western counties successfully contending against the United States, Judge Wilkins says, Mr. Gallatin, although a foreigner who could with difficulty make himself understood in English yet presented in great force the folly of the past resistance and the ruinous consequences to the country if continued. He urged that the government was bound to vindicate the laws and that it would surely send an overwhelming force against them. In a new light he showed the insurrection to be a much more serious. affair than it had before appeared. Brackenridge followed in a speech to the same end, but in a different manner. His speech was followed by 91a violent one from Bradford who scouted thle idea of surrender as he called it, denounced all who advocated making terms with the commissioners and urged continued resistance. He was almost unanimously supported by the large assembly of people who cheered enthusiastically. The business of the day was wild with excitement, but nothing was accomplished. On the 29th the meeting was opened by Gallatin who made another long and strong speech in favor of accepting the terms of the commissioners. Other speakers spoke in the same line but when Bradford spoke his speech was more violent than any he had previously made. He boldly advocated the erection of a new and independent government. He cited the revolutions of America and France as models for imitation. He proposed the immediate raising of an army to meet any government force that might be sent against them, and drive them back and seize their ammunition and arms and secure independence. Judge McKean says Bradford and some others had bound themselves together to fight to a successful independence, and institute an independent government'or join themselves to Great Britain. His whole speech was to keep opposition to Gallatin's resolutions. The leaders except Bradford and others had made up their minds to leave the wreck of insurrection but the populace were for continuance. The fear of popular frenzy was so great that it was difficult to take a vote at this meeting. No one would vote by standing up. N:one would write yea or nea on a piece of paper, for fear his handwriting would be.detected. At last it was decided that the secretary write yea and nea on the same piece of paper; that the voter could tear off what he wanted and chew up or destroy the other; giving the voter a chance of expressing his wishes concealed from those who were feared might resort to violence. A vote was taken resulting in thirty-four to twenty-three for resolutions. It was afterward found that six votes had been cast in the negative under misapprehension of its import. When the result of the votes was announced so strongly against Bradford's wishes he left the meeting in anger and disgust. Nearly all the spectators left also leaving the committee almost entirely alone to transact business. A committee was appointed to meet the commissioners to arrange for peace and receive their best terms which were that all male citizens of the said survey of the age of eighteen years and upwards be required to assemble on Thursday the IIth of September in their respective townships, at the usual place for holding township meetings, between the hours of twelve and seven, and sign the propositions made by the commissioners which is too long to record here, except the part following that all persons signing before the ioth of July, I795 should be granted a general pardon and oblivion of all the said offences. On the appointed day, the IIth of Slept., votes were cast by three thousand two hundred and eighty of the thirteen thousand eight hundred taxable inhabitants. Much effort had been made by Miarshel and other leaders as well as many other prominent citizens. Rev. Mr. Porter worked hard in public and private to get his congregation to vote and Dr. McMillan refused to administer sacrament to those who refused to vote. The commissioners said the obstinate persons were nearly all from Washington Co. The majority from the other three counties favored submission. But the numbers submitting were so very small that the commissioners reported to; the President that their proposition was unaccepted and that the military was necessary to force submission, and the military before named being held in waiting were put in motion o.n Sept. 25th. Those of Virginia under command of Gen. David Morgan. Those of M'aryland under Brig. Gen. Slamuel Smith, forming the left wing rendezvoused at Cumberland, M!d. The right wing was rendezvoused at Carlisle, Pa., under Maj. Gen. Wim. Irvine, and accompanied 92by Gov. Mifflin of Penna. Those of New Jersey under Gov. Richard Howell. The commander in chief of the whole army was Gen. Henry iLee, governor of Virginia, the Light Horse Harry of Revolutionary fame and father of Gen. Robert E. Lee, the confederate commander of I86I-I8615. The President directed him to march his forces in two columns with the utmost dispatch and within co-operating distance of each other, as he was likely to meet the entire force of the four counties and that part of Bedford Co. west of the town of Bedford. The objective point to which he was to march was Parkinson's Ferry on the M'ionongahela River, Pennsylvania. In the meantime the meeting of delegates which had been called was held at Parkinson's Ferry, Oct. 2nd, Judge Alex. Addison being made secretary. At this meeting Wm. Findley of Westmoreland and David Reddick of Washington Co. were appointed a committee to call on the President of U. S. and assure him that submission and peace would be restored without the aid of a military force. They found the President at Carlisle, Oct. Io, where he had come to review the troops of the right wing of the army. But he informed them that the army was on its wav and he could make no change but no violence would be used unless needed. This ended the interview and the delegates returned and made their report to another meeting which was held at Parkinson's Ferry, 24th of October, of which Judge Jas. Edgar was made president, and Albert Gallatin was secretary. At this meeting of the committees of the townships of the four western counties of Penna. and sundry other citizens, it was resolved to appoint another committee to wait on the President assuring him that whatever was demanded would be acceded to if the troops were kept away and the civil court left to handle the offenders. Wm. Findley, D. Reddick, Ephraim Douglas, and Thos Morton were appointed committee and met at Greensburg, but here they learned that the President had left Bedford for Philadelphia. They then returned deciding to meet the Commander in chief of the army on its arrival. The right wing of the army left Carlisle on the 22nd of Oct. and came by the way of Bedford, the advance arriving at what is now Mt. Pleasant on Oct. 29th. The center corps of this wing camped on Col. Bennet's farm near Fayette county line and the rear went into camp at Lobengiers mill on the 3oth. The left wing moved from Ft. Cumberland 22nd of Oct., and took the same route marched over by Gen. Braddock, thirty-nine years before to the Great Meadows and from there to Uniontown. Gen. Lee arrived on the last day of October. With the left wing of the army came Col. Presley Neville and with the right wing came Col. John Neville, who fled from Pittsburg on July 28th. The committee of four appointed to wait on the President went to Bennett's farm on the 30th of October and presented their resolution of assurance to Sec. Hamilton who accompanied the division of Gov. Mifflin who advised them for the sake of decorum to present them to Gen. Lee. They then started for his quarters arriving there the 3Ist of Oct. They presented their message to Gen. Lee, who on the next morning Nov. Ist gave his reply that the army must remain here until the daily life gave evidence of the sincerity of their promise. His address to the people was printed and circulated extensively throughout the four counties. After a few days stay at Uniontown and Mt. Pleasant respectively the. army moved on. The right wing to Budd's Ferry and the left wing to Peterson's on the east side of Parkinson's Ferry. From his headquarters near Parkinson's Ferry, on the 8th of November the Commander in chief issued an address to the people of the state west of Laurel Hill in the state, the tone of which was a little after the tone of a conquering chieftain addressing the people of a subjugated province, but will be here omitted. 93The entire army remained in the neighborhood of Parkinson's Ferry for about ten days, after which the main part of the troops marched down the M,onongahela river to Benjamin Bentley and on the I5th of November a detachment was marched from the vicinity of. Parkinson's Ferry to the town of,Washington, accompanied by Sec. Hamilton and Judge Peters, and taking with them a large number of prisoners which had b-:-en taken in the eastern part of Washington Co. All the prisoners except three were taken in that county, and Allegheny under Gen. Lee's special orders issued for that purpose to Gen. Irvine and other officers. On the night of I3tQ of November a raid was made to arrest those most conspicuous in the riots and opposition of law. About 200 prisoners were taken that night. Some reported inhuman treatment while others were very courteously handled. Wlhile the soldiers were raiding the country for prisoners, some persons escaped arrest by hiding under a projection of rocks over which the water poured and concealed the pursued from the pursuers. This little water fall is known MINGO0 FALLS, (Near Mingo Church). today as the Mingo Falls. The arresting and taking out of their beds that cold night they knew not whither, has given it the name of "That Dreadful "Night." A large number of prisoners from Washington county were collected together at the county town and taken thence to Pittsburg under guard, that they might be examined by a district Judge so as to ascertain which of them might be taken to Philadelphia for trial. Many of those guilty and leaders in the insurrectionary feeling had gone in hiding and remained secreted until after the soldiers left. A large number of prisoners were captured on Mingo and Peters creeks by Brig. Gen. Anthony, M. White of New Jersey, and it is said were brutally treated by him. Findley's History says on Thursday, the I3th of November, there were about forty persons brought to the Parkinson's house by order of Gen. White. He ordered to put the d-d rascals in the cellar, to tie them back 94to back, to make a fire for the guard, but to put the prisoners back to the further end of the cellar and give them lneither victuals no.r drink. The cellar was wet and muddy and the night cold. Tile cellar extended the whole length under a large new log house which was neither floored nor the openings between the logs daubed. They were kep,t there until Saturday morning and then marched to the town of Washington. On the march one of the prisoners who was subject to convulsions fell in a fit but when some of the troops told Gen. White of his situation he ordered them to tie the d d rascal to a horse's tail and drag him along with them, for he had only feigned having the fits. One of Ihis fellow prisoners who had a horse dismounted and let the poor man ride. The man who had the fits had been in the American service during almost the whole war with Great Britain. This house spoken of was the property of Benjamin Parkinson but was rented by him to a Mr. Stockdale, who kept a tavern in it and who seemed to be a reasonable man, corroberated the statement of brutality. Other historians discount this report of Findley's saying he was a very much biased man. Many instances however of cruel treatment of prisoners are related by numerous persons. On the I7th of November Gen. Lee gave notice for all the military forces, except the corps under Gen. Morgan, to return to their respective homes. Morgan's corps to remain over winter in this region. This corps rendezvoused at Ben Bentleys, on the south west side of Monongahela. O!n the 29th day of November at Elizabeth Gen. Lee issued a proclamation of amnesty and pardon to all persons in Washington, Fayette, Westmoreland and Allegheny counties in Penna. and of Ohio Co., Va., except Benjamin Parkinson, Arthur Gardener, John Holcroft, Daniel Hamilton, Thos. Lapsley, Wm. Miller, Edward Cook, Eldward Wright, Richard Holcroft, David Bradford, John Mitchell, Alexander Fulton, Thos. Spiers, Wm. Bradford, Geo. Parker, Wm. Hanna, Ed. Wagner, Thos. Hughes, David'Lock, Ebenezer Gallagher, Win. Hay, Wm. Mcllheny, Peter Lysle, John Shield, Thos. Patton Stephenson, Jack Patrick, Jack and Andrew Highland, of Pennsylvania, and Winm. Sutherland, Robert Stephenson, Winm. M\[cKinley, John': Moore and John McCormick of Virginia. Geo. Parker's youth was not known when his name was inserted. If any one fled from home it did not avail them immunity from the arms of law. On the vote taken at Brownsville meeting Aug. 29th David Bradford was disgusted and left the town. He met with the insurgents at Parkinson's Ferry, second of October but was much crest fallen. His star.had set and his glory grown dim. His power had vanished. On the fourth of the same month he wrote Gov. \Mifflin for pardon but was refused. Finding that the army was advancing from Carlisle,'he left WVashington on the 25th of October and rode to the Ohio river where he intended to embark and make his way down that river and the Mississippi to Louisiana. A small boat was to receive him at Grave Creek, but being followed by a man from whom he had liberated a negro, he was obliged to take a canoe. D,escending in this and passing Gallipolis he was pursued by five men dispatched from Gallipolis by D. Hebecourt commandant of the militia of that place. He had lain all night in his canoe at Sandy Creek and had gotten into a coal boat in the service of the contractor, cold and hungry, about two hours before the party in pursuit came up. They entered the boat demanded Bradford and took his arm to drag him away. He made no resistance but a lad from Washington Co. seized a rifle and singly defended him, obliging the party to withdraw. Bradford went on a coal boat to Fort Washington, Cincinnati, from which place he passed in safety to Louisiana, then under'Spanish rule. There he remained until his death. 95Those persons before named as excepted from general pardon and a number of others were taken to Pittsburg and tried. Siome were released and twenty namely, Rev. John Corbly, Col. John Hamilton,,Col. Wim. Crawford, John Black, David Bolton, Jas Kerr, Thos. Sedjwick, John Burnett, Capt. Rob. Porter, Marmaduke Curtis, Jos. Scott, Jas. Stewart, Thos. Miller, iThos. Burney, Isaac Walker, John Laughry, Caleb Mounts, Philip Wiley and Jos. Parey, were marched to Philadelphia, each one on foot between two mounted soldiers. They were kept in prison six months then tried and discharged. The corps of soldiers left here for the winter were returned to their homes the following Spring and the Insurrection was over.. Thirty-three persons were excepted from the_general amnesty anid were tried as"giYven-on-a fdrmer page. These persons afterwarde'ach're'eired a special pardon. A cut of Benjamin Parkinson's pardon is here given. Pardon given to Benjamin Parkinson freeing him from all part he took in the Whiskey Insurrection. This paper was signe(d by Gen. Geo. Washington. 96SKETCH OF JOHN HOLCROFT. By R, T. Wiley, Author of Sirm Greene. "Tom the Tinker" is a name which stands inseparably connected with the i/hisky Insurrection in the southwestern counties of Pennsylvania, in the last decade of the Eighteenth Century, and was one of its most unique features. lihile it is doubtless true that this name came, in the progress of the Insurrection, to stand more for the idea of resistance to the government than as the tlesignation of any particular individual, it seems pretty certain that it originated with John Holcroft, a farmer, distiller and prominent citizen, whose residence wvas not very far east of Gastonville, on the Finleyville and Elizabeth road.'[here he lived and died, and the old log house stood until recent years. The property at present belongs to Jerry Stilley. John Holcroft was a native of Lancashire, England, and was born in Ii'742, so at the culmination of the Whisky Insurrection he was 52 years of age. Just when he came to this country is not certainly known, but in I788 he was a!ssessed as the owner of 400 acres of land, comprising a tract called "Liberty 1-all". Ie was a man of consequence in the locality and filled various township offices. He was married twice and each of his wives bore him ten children, most of whom grew up, so that he must have a large posterity scattered about over the country. John and Richard, two sons, never married, but lived and died in the vicinity of his home. JOHN HOLCROFT, Tom the Tinker in Sim Greene. (Coi)yright by R. T. Wiley.) 97Aside from the character of his participation in the Whisky Insurrection, there is nothing on record indicating that John Hollcroft lived other than a blameless life. He died in I8I6, and his body was buried in the cemetery adjoining the Mingo Presbyterian church, which was the chief rallying point of those who opposed the execution of the excise law. It is certain that he led the party which made the first attack on the house of Gen. John Neville and demanded the surrender of his commission as Inspector of Excise for the Fourth Survey of Pennsylvania. His party was repulsed on that occasion, six of them being wounded, at least one of them fatally. There is little reason to doubt that he was present at the same place on the evening of the following day, when the fine country mansion of Gen. iNeville was destroyed and Major James McFarlane, in command of the assaulting party was killed. His son Richlard was charged at the time with having applied the firebrand. The distiller who showed a disposition to obey the law, by the registration of his still for taxation, was the object of particular hatred by the "Whisky Boys," as they called themselves. Such an offender would find a notice posted on his property, warning him to desist and to declare himself against the government, or take the consequences. One such was told that if he did not come squarely out with the opposers of the excise, Tom the Tinker would pay him a visit and "mend his still". When he continued obdurate his distillery was visited in the night and the copper still punctured by rifle bullets. That was the way the Tinker did his mending. JOHN HOLCROFT'S GRAVE, MINGO CEMETERY. (Tom the Tinlker.) R. T. WILEY, At the time of the Insurrection it was very generally believed that Hollcroft was the author of many of the missives which weint out over the name of Tom the Tinker. On the coming of the soldiers sent to suppress the uprising. he disappeared. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, who was with 98the army in the west, wrote to President Washington from Pittsburg, under date of Nov. I7, I794: "Gen. Lee just informs me that he has received a letter from Marietta, advising him of the apprehension of John Hollcroft, the reputed Tom the Tinker." It would seem that this information was incorrect, for Gen. Daniel;Morgan, who commanded the detachment of soldiers left in the western country during the following winter and went in camp two miles above Elizabeth, on the west side of the Monongahela, wrote to the President, a month later, saying, among other things: "John Colcraft* who gave himself up to me, is the old Tinker himself". It was denied by Hollcroft and his family, after the suppression of the Insurrection, that he was the redoubtable Tom, but denial of all participation in the doings of that strenuous time was very much in order. His second wife outlived him for nearly half a century, and two of her grandsons who talked with her often on the matter, have assured the writer of these lines that there was little doubt of their grandfather having been the original Tom. These were Rev. Dr. Thomas Storer, a well known physician and Methodist preacher, and John Huston, a resident of Monongahela, recently deceased. *Gen. Morgan's error in the name, evidently. ALBERT GALLATIN. 99